THESI

SOUTLI
NEFORM

Ti
tl
e:COMPARATI
VEANALYSI
SOFSTRAYDOGSANDDOMESTI
CDOGS:
UNDERSTANDI
NGTHEBEHAVI
ORAL,

PHYSI
OLOGI
CAL,
ANDECOLOGI
CALDI
STI
NCTI
ONS

Aut
hor
:Cor
puz,
Rey
chel
lMaeD.
,I
nocenci
o,Kar
enMaeG.
,Ramos,
JohnKy
leG.Semest
erS.
Y.2ndSemest
: er,
2022-
2023

A.I
NTRODUCTI
ON

1.Gi
veabr
iefgener
aldescr
ipt
ionofy
ourr
esear
ch(
500wor
ds)

Thedomest
icat
ionofdogsbyhumanshasf
ost
eredauni
queandendur
ingr
elat
ionshi
pov
ert
hepast15,
000y
ear
s.

Dogshav
eev
olv
edi
ntol
oyal
compani
onscapabl
eofunder
standi
ngouremot
ions.Howev
er,
thebehav
iorofdogscanbe

i
nfl
uencedbyv
ari
ousf
act
ors.Thi
scasest
udyf
ocusesont
wodi
sti
nctgr
oupsofdogs:
domest
icdogs,
wit
hhomesand

owner
s,andst
raydogsont
hest
reet
s.Thegoal
ist
oexpl
oret
hef
act
orsaf
fect
ingt
hebehav
ioroft
hesedogsand

det
ermi
newhet
heradi
ff
erentenv
ironmentsi
gni
fi
cant
lyal
ter
sthebehav
iorofdomest
icdogs.Under
standi
ngt
hese

f
act
orscani
mpr
oveourunder
standi
ngofdogbehav
iorandi
nfor
m st
rat
egi
est
oenhancet
hei
rwel
l
-bei
ng.

Accor
dingt
othecur
rentst
udy
,iti
snow possi
blet
odemonst
rat
ethatani
mal
swhohav
enev
eri
nter
act
edwi
th

humanscani
nter
pretourhandmov
ement
s(Langl
ey,
2020)
.

ThePhi
l
ippi
nesAni
malWel
far
eSoci
etyest
imat
edt
hatt
her
ewer
etwel
vemi
l
li
onst
raycat
sanddogsi
nthecount
ryi
nthe

y
ear2019,
whi
chi
sast
agger
ingnumber
.Ev
eryy
ear
,thousandsofani
mal
sar
eputdownbybei
ngeut
hani
zedi
npoundsor

bydy
ingofdi
sease,st
arv
ati
on,orwoundssust
ainedi
nbat
tl
e(Al
i
xandr
aCaol
eVi
l
a,2020)
.St
raydogsar
easour
ceof

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 1
concer
nforbot
hhumansandot
hercani
nesbecauseoft
her
iskt
hatt
heywoul
dbi
teorat
tackt
hem,
whi
chcoul
dresul
tin

t
het
ransmi
ssi
onofdi
sease.I
naddi
ti
on,t
hewel
far
eoft
hest
ray
smaybeawor
ry,andor
gani
zat
ionshav
ebeen

est
abl
i
shedt
opr
otectt
hem f
rom bei
ngeut
hani
zedormi
str
eat
edi
nthei
rowncount
ry(
Munkeboe,Lohse-
Lind,Sandøe,

For
kman,&Ni
elsen,2021)
.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,t
her
ehav
ebeenst
raydogspr
esentf
oraconsi
der
abl
eamountoft
ime.Ev
en

t
houghst
raydogshav
eamor
edi
ff
icul
tti
meadapt
ingt
ohumanl
i
fet
handomest
icat
eddogs,t
henumberofst
raydogs

cont
inuest
oincr
ease.Ther
eisnodi
ff
erencebet
weenf
ree-
roami
ngdogsandot
hercani
nesi
nter
msoft
hei
radapt
abi
l
ity
,

r
esi
l
ience,orpsy
chol
ogi
calapt
it
ude(
Langl
ey,2020)
.Thosedogswhohav
ethegoodf
ort
unet
oli
vei
nahomeandbe

l
ookedaf
terbyal
ovi
nghumanbei
ngar
eext
remel
yfor
tunat
e.Thef
actt
hatt
her
ear
esomanyst
raydogsi
nthe

Phi
l
ippi
neshasl
edt
othepopul
ati
on'
sincr
easi
ngl
ycr
uel
treat
mentoft
heani
mal
s.

Wi
thi
nthecont
extoft
hiscasest
udy
,we,t
her
esear
cher
swi
l
lbeconcent
rat
ingont
heact
ionsofbot
hcani
nes(
str
ay

dogsanddomest
icdogs)
.Dogsf
ort
unat
eenought
ohav
elov
inghomesar
etr
ulypr
ivi
l
eged.Unf
ort
unat
ely
,thehi
gh

numberofst
raydogsi
nthePhi
l
ippi
neshasl
edt
oadi
str
essi
ngi
ncr
easei
nthemi
str
eat
mentoft
heseani
mal
s.I
nthe

cont
extoft
hiscasest
udy
,ourt
eam ofr
esear
cher
sai
mst
oshedl
i
ghtont
hebehav
ior
sexhi
bit
edbybot
hst
rayand

domest
icat
eddogs.Thr
ought
hisst
udy
,weai
mtochal
l
engepr
evai
l
ingnot
ionsandbr
oadenpeopl
e’
sunder
standi
ngt
hat

dogsar
esi
mpl
ydogs—t
heybar
k,makemesses,andengagei
nty
picaldogbehav
ior
s.Under
taki
ngt
hiscasest
udy

r
equi
resasubst
ant
iali
nvest
mentoft
imeandunwav
eri
ngdedi
cat
ion.Theout
comesoft
hisr
esear
chwi
l
lnotonl
ydeepen

ourcompr
ehensi
onofdogsbutal
sohel
pcombatt
hepr
ejudi
cet
hatunf
air
lyt
arget
sthem.Bypr
ovi
dingot
herr
esear
cher
s

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 2
wi
thanoppor
tuni
tyt
oexpandt
hei
rknowl
edgeofcani
nebehav
ior
,wehopet
ocont
ri
but
etoamor
eenl
i
ght
enedand

compassi
onat
eper
spect
iveondogs.

2.St
atet
hreer
easonswhyt
her
eisaneedt
oresear
cht
hepr
obl
em.

a.Toav
oiddi
scr
imi
nat
ionbet
weenst
raydogsanddomest
icdogs.

b.Hel
pci
ti
zenshow t
oint
eractwi
thdogs,byeducat
ingpeopl
eabouthow dogsmayactdi
ff
erent
lyi
nthei
r

env
ironment
.

c.Expandst
udi
esaboutdogbehav
ior
.

3.Gi
vet
hreespeci
fi
cthi
ngsy
ouwantt
ofi
ndout
.

a.Dobr
eedsmat
ter
.

b.Themaj
orf
act
orsaf
fect
ingadog’
sbehav
ior
.

c.Thedi
ff
erencebet
weenst
raydogsanddomest
icdogs.

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 3
 4.Pr
ojectt
heexpect
edout
putandwhowi
l
lbenef
itf
rom t
hem (
300wor
ds)

Adog’
ssur
roundi
ngshav
eahugei
mpactoni
tsbehav
iort
owar
dhumansaswel
lashowt
heyt
hink.Nomat
ter

t
hei
rbr
eed,dogsar
est
il
linnat
eani
malbei
ngswi
thbasi
cbehav
ior
alchar
act
eri
sti
cs.Ther
eisv
eryl
i
ttl
econnect
ion

bet
weenadog’
sbr
eedandt
emper
ament
.Duet
othei
runpr
edi
ctabl
enat
ureandi
ntr
icat
ereact
ivi
tyt
ost
imul
i
,dogs’

behav
iorcanbedi
ff
icul
ttopr
edi
ct.Sur
pri
singl
y,peopl
ewhoar
eki
ndt
ost
raydogsmayal
sor
ecei
veki
ndnessi
nret
urn,

asst
raydogsf
requent
lyseekpr
otect
ionf
rom peopl
ewhogi
vet
hem car
eandapl
acet
ocal
lhome.Addi
ti
onal
l
y,i
t’
s

notuncommonf
orpeopl
ewhoshar
ethei
rhomeswi
thdogst
othi
nkoft
hem asmessi
ert
hanpeopl
e.Thi
svi
ew,

howev
er,
dif
fer
sdependi
ngonav
ari
etyofenv
ironment
alcondi
ti
onst
hathav
eabi
gimpactoneachdog’
sbehav
iorand

cl
eanl
i
ness.

5.Thepeopl
ewhowi
l
lbebenef
it
ti
ngf
rom t
hiscasest
udywi
l
lbe:

 TheResear
cher
sbecauset
hiswi
l
lhel
pthem t
hinkcr
it
ical
l
yandf
indst
udi
esr
elat
edt
othi
scasest
udyand

t
her
esear
cher
swoul
dbegai
ningknowl
edgeandwoul
dbev
erybenef
ici
alf
ort
hem.

 Peopl
ebecauset
hiswi
l
lhel
pthem r
eadadog'
sbehav
iorwhent
heycomeneart
hem,andt
hiswi
l
lhel
p

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 4
 av
oidacci
dent
swi
thdogs.

 Vet
eri
nar
ySt
udent
swi
l
lbeabl
etouset
hisst
udywhenhandl
i
ngdogsdur
ingt
hei
rpr
act
ices.Thi
sst
udy

coul
dal
sobet
hei
rsour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ion.

 Dogowner
swi
l
lbeabl
etoi
dent
if
yhowt
oint
eractwi
tht
hei
rpet
scar
eful
l
yandt
heywi
l
lbeeducat
ed.

 Communi
tyt
hisst
udywi
l
lgi
vel
i
ghtt
othesoci
ety
'ssenseofawar
enessaboutdogs.

 Ot
herr
esear
cher
sthi
sst
udywi
l
lopenal
otofoppor
tuni
ti
esf
orot
herr
esear
chbecauset
hiswi
l
lgi
ve

addi
ti
onali
nfor
mat
ionaboutdogs.Thi
scasest
udywi
l
lhav
esol
i
dli
ter
atur
eaboutt
hebehav
ior
sofst
ray

dogsandhousedogs.

Ref
erences

Langl
ey,L.(
2022,
January17).Retr
iev
edf
rom Nat
ional
Geogr
aphi
c:ht
tps:
//www.
nat
ional
geogr
aphi
c.com/
ani
mal
s/ar
ti
cle/
str
ay-
dogs
-
communicat
ion-
rabi
es-heal
th

Munkeboe,N.,
Lohse-Li
nd,A.
,Sandøe,P.
,Forkman,
B.,
&Niel
sen,
S.(
2021)
.Compar
ingBehavi
ouralPr
obl
emsinImpor
tedSt
reet
DogsandDomest i
cal
lyRear shDogs.TheVi
edDani ewsofDogOwner
sandVeter
inar
ians.Ani
mal
s,11(
5),
1436.
https:
//doi
.or
g/10.
3390/ani
11051436.

Vi
l
a,A.C.(2020,Jul
y30).Retr
ievedfr
om ht
tps:
//www.
scmp.
com/
li
fest
yle/
art
icl
e/3095186/
ani
mal
-shel
ter
s-f
ull
-mi
l
li
ons-
str
ay-
dogs-
and-cat
s-r
oam-phil
ippi
nes-one

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 5
 REVI
EW OFRELATEDLI
TERATURE

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Abehav
ior
al Xi
nHuo,
Pani
ch 2019 “
Ourr
esul
tsf
oundt
hatav
oidancewast
hemost
st
udyofst
ray Kumr
opt
anasan commonr
eact
ionexhi
bit
edbyst
raydogsi
ntempl
es,
dogsi
n &Pongchan-
Na- whi
chi
ssi
mil
art
other
esul
tsofOr
tol
ani
etal
.,
t
empl
esi
n Lampang (
2009)
.Acommonandpot
ent
ial
l
yser
iouscani
ne
Nakhon behav
ior
alpr
obl
em conf
ront
ingpetowner
sandsmal
l
Rat
chasi
ma ani
mal
pract
it
ioner
sisdomi
nanceaggr
essi
on
muni
cipal
i
ty, (
Taphor
nandDr
aper
,1991)butot
hercauses,
suchas
Thai
l
and pl
ay,
fear
,heal
thf
act
ors,
prot
ect
iveandr
e-di
rect
ed
aggr
essi
on,
hav
ebeenr
epor
tedaswel
l(Guyetal
.,
2001)
.”
Associ
ati
ons Ni
chol
asH. 2018 “
Whi
l
etheanal
ysi
sdi
ddet
ectsi
gni
fi
cant
bet
ween Dodman, associ
ati
onsbet
weencer
tai
nper
sonal
i
tyt
ype
owner Dor
othyC. namel
y
per
sonal
i
ty Br
own,
& agr
eeabl
eness,
consci
  ent
iousness  emot
and  ional
and JamesA. st
abi
l
ityandt
heuseofpuni
ti
ve/
conf
ront
ati
onal
psy
chol
ogi
cal Ser
pel
l t
rai
ningmet
hods(
Tabl
e1)
,mostoft
hese
st
atusand r
elat
ionshi
psaccount
edf
orv
eryl
i
ttl
eoft
he
t
he v
ari
ancei
nthebehav
iorr
egr
essi
onmodel
s,
pr
eval
enceof suggest
ingt
hatanyi
nfl
uenceofanowner
’s
cani
ne per
sonal
i
tyonhi
sorherdog’
sbehav
ioroccur
s

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 6
 behav
ior pr
edomi
nant
lyt
hroughmechani
smsot
hert
han
pr
obl
ems t
rai
ning.
”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Ani
mal H.Mar
ti
n 2010 “
Int
hesi
mpl
estcat
egor
yar
esoci
alorr
esponse
Behav
iour
: Schaef
er& f
aci
l
itat
ion(
non-
speci
fi
cincr
easesi
nact
ivi
ty
Ev
olut
ionand Pet
er becauseoft
hepr
oxi
mit
yoract
ivi
tyof
Mechani
sm Kappel
er conspeci
fi
cs)andsel
ect
iveassoci
ati
on
(
fol
l
owi
ngr
olemodel
sar
ound)
,thel
att
er
per
hapssi
mpl
yasaconsequenceof
gr
egar
iousness.Thesef
ormsofsoci
all
ear
ning
shar
ethepr
oper
tyt
hatt
hepr
esenceofot
her
s
bi
asest
heexpl
orat
oryt
endencyoft
henaï
ve
i
ndi
vi
dual
s.”
Behav
ior John 2005 “
Themaj
ori
ssuesf
ormostbr
eeder
sar
e
Pr
obl
emsi
n Bowen& t
hesel
ect
ionofbr
eedi
ngst
ock,
thesoci
al
Smal
l Sar
ah andphy
sical
env
ironmentf
orr
ear
ingof
Ani
mal
s: Heat
h puppi
esandki
tt
ensandt
he
Pr
act
ical communi
cat
ionwi
thnewowner
stoensur
e

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 7
 Adv
icef
ort
he t
hecont
inuat
ionofsoci
ali
zat
ionand
Vet
eri
nar
y habi
tuat
ioni
nthenewhome.
”
Team

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Cani
ne Ramazan 2016 “
Dat
arel
ati
ngt
o7,
858dogspr
esent
ing
Resear
ch: An Col
,Cam wi
th11,
521behav
iorpr
obl
emsbet
ween
epi
demi
ologi
cal Day
,&Cl
i
ve 2001and2013wer
eanal
yzed.Twent
y-t
wo
anal
ysi
sofdog J.
C.Phi
l
li
ps pr
inci
pal
behav
iorpr
obl
emswer
e
behav
ior i
dent
if
ied,
ofwhi
cht
hemostcommon,
in
pr
obl
ems decl
i
ningor
der
,wer
eaggr
essi
ont
owar
d
pr
esent
edt
oan peopl
e,bar
king,
andanxi
ousbehav
ior
.
Aust
ral
i
an Mal
edogswer
eatgr
eat
err
iskofsev
eral
behav
ior cl
i
nic, behav
iorpr
obl
ems,
compar
edt
ofemal
e
wi
thassoci
ated dogs.
”
r
iskf
act
ors
Compar
ati
ve Lui
giBoi
tani 1994 “
Thedogf
lexi
bil
i
ty,
inbot
hbehav
iour
aland
Soci
alEcol
ogyof &Paol
o mor
phol
ogi
cal
trai
tswasenhancedbyt
he
Fer
aldogsand Ci
ucci domest
icat
ionpr
ocess:
inpar
ti
cul
ar,
the
Wol
ves r
etent
ionofj
uveni
l
echar
act
ersi
ntoadul
thood

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 8
 (
i.
e.,
neot
eny
),hav
ingasi
gni
fi
cantadapt
ive
v
aluei
ndomest
icat
edenv
ironment
s(e.
g.,
l
oweraggr
essi
veness,
mor
edependenceon
humans,
ear
lysexual
mat
urat
ion,
easi
er
submi
ssi
on)
,al
sopr
ovi
dedgr
eat
erpl
ast
ici
tyi
n
behav
iour
aldev
elopment(
GINSBURG&
SCHOTTE1978,
FRANK1980,
FRANK&
FRANK1982,
PRI
CE1984)
.”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Compar
ing Munkeboe,
N., 2021 “
Displ
aysofundesi
rabl
ebehav
iourar
e
Behav
iour
al Lohse-
Lind,
A., notuncommoni
nthedomest
icdog
Pr
obl
emsi
n Sandøe,
P., popul
ati
oni
ngener
al[
6,7]
.Behav
iour
al
I
mpor
tedSt
reet For
kman,
B.,
& pr
obl
emscanl
eadt
other
eli
nqui
shment
Dogsand Ni
elsen,
S.S. ofdogst
oshel
ter
s[7]
,thei
rrel
ocat
iont
o
Domest
ical
l
y ot
herhomes,
eut
hanasi
aandsomet
imes
Rear
edDani
sh dogsbei
ngabandonedont
hest
reet
.”
Dogs—The
Vi
ewsofDog
Owner
sand
Vet
eri
nar
ians

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 9
 DogBehav
ior Laur
enev
on 2014 “
Other
swer
ewar
yaboutdr
awi
ng
Resear
ch:
Key Kl
an at
tent
iont
oonest
udyandnotanot
her
,or
Wor
ksand oneaut
hor
,beggi
ngt
hequest
ionabout
I
nter
est
ing whatsci
ent
if
icknowl
edgei
smost
St
udi
es i
mpor
tant
.Ot
her
swer
eent
husi
ast
ic
aboutempower
ingt
rai
ner
stoengage
wi
tht
her
esear
ch.
”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
DogBr
eedsand JamesA.Ser
pel
l 2014 “
Thef
ormeri
sof
tenv
iewedasuni
queor
t
hei
rBehav
ior &Debor
ahL. defini
ngchar
act
eri
sti
csofpar
ti
cul
ar
Duf
fy br
eedswhi
l
ethel
att
erar
econsi
der
ed
aspect
sofeachbr
eed’
sov
eral
lchar
act
er
orbehav
ior
al‘
sty
le’
andar
eof
tenal
l
uded
t
oint
hewr
it
tenst
andar
dsf
ort
hebr
eed.
”

Domest
icDog Al
exandr
a 2014 “
Mor
especi
fi
cal
l
y,cogni
ti
ve
Hor
owi
tz psy
chol
ogi
stsandl
ear
ningt
heor
ist
s
Cogni
ti
onand
consi
derl
ear
ningasaki
ndof
Behav
ior
:The
dev
elopmentofi
nter
nal
repr
esent
ati
ons
Sci
ent
if
icSt
udy ofr
elat
ionshi
ps,
whi
choccurbet
ween

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 10
 ofCani
s ev
ent
sint
heani
mal
’
senv
ironment
(
Dicki
nson1980)
.”
f
ami
l
iar
ies

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Domi
nancei
n M.B.H.Schi
l
der
, 2014 “
Ithasbecomecl
eart
hatdomi
nance
JoanneA.M. r
elat
ionshi
psbecomeest
abl
i
shednot
domest
icdogs
v
anderBor
g,& becausehi
gherr
anki
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
s
r
evi
sit
ed:
Usef
ul
Cl
audi
aM.Vi
nke r
einf
orcet
hei
rst
atusbybei
ngaggr
essi
ve
habi
tandusef
ul orshowi
ngf
ormal
domi
nancesi
gnal
sbut
becausel
owerr
anki
ngi
ndi
vi
dual
s
const
ruct
?
r
ecogni
zesupr
emacybyshowi
ngf
ormal
submi
ssi
vesi
gnal
s(e.
g.,
Rowel
l
,1974;
Sy
me,
1974;
vanHoof
fandWensi
ng,
1987)
.”
Et
iol
ogyand St
evenR. 2001 “
Thecausesoft
hisbehav
ior
alr
egul
ari
ty
Li
ndsay ar
efoundi
nbot
hphy
logeni
cand
Assessmentof
ont
ogeni
cinf
luencest
hatcont
inuousl
y
Behav
ior
actondogsf
rom t
hei
rconcept
iont
othei
r
Pr
obl
ems senescenceanddeat
h.Ast
her
esul
tof

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 11
 sel
ect
ionpr
essur
esexer
tedupont
he
cani
negenot
ypedur
ingi
tsev
olut
ionor
phy
logenesi
s,t
hedog’
sbehav
iorhas
beenbi
ologi
cal
l
yshapedandpr
epar
edt
o
expr
essi
tsel
final
i
mit
edsetofway
s.
Dur
ingt
hedog’
sdev
elopmentor
ont
ogeny
,theenv
ironmentcont
inuest
o
exer
tsel
ect
ionpr
essur
esont
he
behav
ior
alphenot
ypet
hroughl
ear
ning.
”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Debot
tam 2020 “
Dogst
hatappr
oachedt
heexper
iment
al

Fr
ee-
Rangi
ng Bhat
tachar
jee, set
upf
oll
owedbot
hthepoi
nti
ngcuesat
Sar
ab Mandal
, si
gni
fi
cant
lyhi
gherr
ates,
suggest
ingt
hei
r
DogsAr
e
Pi
uliShi
t,Mebi
n abi
l
ityt
orel
yoncompl
exhuman
Capabl
eof Geor
ge r
efer
ent
ial
gest
ures.Onl
yhal
foft
he

Ut
il
izi
ng Var
ghese, t
est
edpopul
ati
onappr
oachedt
he
Aay
ushiVi
shnoi exper
iment
er,
whi
chcoul
dbei
ndi
cat
ive
Compl
exHuman
& Ani
ndi
ta off
ree-
rangi
ngdogs’
popul
ati
on-
lev
el
Poi
nti
ngCues Bhadr
a per
cept
ionofhumans.
”

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 12
 Debot
tam 2020 “
Dogst
hatappr
oachedt
heexper
iment
al

Fr
ee-
Rangi
ng Bhat
tachar
jee, set
upf
oll
owedbot
hthepoi
nti
ngcuesat
Sar
ab Mandal
, si
gni
fi
cant
lyhi
gherr
ates,
suggest
ingt
hei
r
DogsAr
e
Pi
uliShi
t,Mebi
n abi
l
ityt
orel
yoncompl
exhuman
Capabl
eof Geor
ge r
efer
ent
ial
gest
ures.Onl
yhal
foft
he

Ut
il
izi
ng Var
ghese, t
est
edpopul
ati
onappr
oachedt
he
Aay
ushiVi
shnoi exper
iment
er,
whi
chcoul
dbei
ndi
cat
ive
Compl
exHuman
& Ani
ndi
ta off
ree-
rangi
ngdogs’
popul
ati
on-
lev
el
Poi
nti
ngCues Bhadr
a per
cept
ionofhumans.
”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Genet
icsand JohnPaul
& 1965 “
Wecanconcl
udebasedonpr
esentf
act
s
Soci
alBehav
ior JohnL.Ful
l
er t
hatt
hedomest
icat
ionoft
hedogt
ook
oft
heDog pl
aceabout8000B.
C.Thi
smeanst
hat
t
hedoghashadadomest
ichi
stor
yof
somet
ent
housandy
ear
s,andt
hatsome
f
ourt
oei
ghtt
housandgener
ati
onsof
dogshav
eli
vedupont
heear
thwi
th

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 13
 abundantoppor
tuni
ti
esf
ormut
ati
onsand
genet
icv
ari
ati
onst
ooccur
.”
St
udi
esi
n TusharBaner
jee 2020 “
Thest
raydogs,
irr
espect
iveoft
he
Ecol
ogyand &DeepakKumar seasons,
aret
err
it
ori
ali
nnat
ure.I
nrur
al
Behav
iorof Mi
tt
al t
hani
nur
banar
eas,
thesi
zeoft
hei
r
St
rayDogsof t
err
it
oryanddomai
nishi
gher
.As
WestBengal r
easonsf
orsmal
l
erar
easandhome
ar
easi
nthesear
eas,
easyav
ail
abi
l
ityof
f
ood,
matandsui
tabl
enest
ingsi
tesi
n
ur
banar
easwassuggest
ed.
”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
Theecol
ogyof Al
anM.Beck 1973 “
Howev
er,
compar
ati
vest
udi
eson
st
raydogs:
A di
ver
sepopul
ati
onsofdomest
icdog
st
udyoff
ree- ar
elacki
ng,
maki
ngspeci
es-
wide
r
angi
ngur
ban
gener
ali
zat
ionspr
emat
ure.I
nthi
s
ani
mal
s
st
udywepr
esentt
heper
for
manceof
oneunder
-r
epr
esent
edpopul
ati
on,
st
raydogsl
i
vingi
nshel
ter
s,ona
human-
gui
dedobj
ect
-choi
cet
ask.

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 14
 Unl
i
kepetdogs,
shel
terdogs
uni
ver
sal
l
yfai
l
edt
ofol
l
owa
moment
arydi
stal
poi
ntt
oat
arget
l
ocat
ioni
nini
ti
alt
est
s,al
thought
hey
wer
eabl
etof
oll
owasi
mpl
erf
orm of
humanpoi
ntont
hesamet
ask.
”
TheEt
hol
ogyof PerJensen 2002 “
Typi
cal
mor
phol
ogi
cal
changesi
ncol
our
Domest
ic (
mor
ewhi
teandspot
tedi
ndi
vi
dual
s),
Ani
mal
s:An shape(
sizeandr
elat
ivel
egl
engt
h),
and
i
ntr
oduct
ory f
unct
ion(
lesspr
onouncedseasonal
i
tyi
n
Text r
epr
oduct
ion)mayl
eadust
oexpectt
hat
t
her
ewi
l
lbepr
onouncedbehav
iour
al
di
ff
erencesaswel
l
.”

Publ
i
cat
ion/Sour
ce Annot
ati
on/Excer
pt
Ti
tl
e Aut
hor Dat
e/Year
TheEv
olut
ionof Gr
egerLar
son& 2014 “
Oncedomest
icpopul
ati
onsbecame
Dor
ianQ.Ful
l
er est
abl
i
shed,
arel
axat
ionofnat
ural
Ani
mal
sel
ect
ivepr
essur
eal
l
owedf
ort
he
Domest
icat
ion
appear
anceofmut
ati
onsr
elat
edt
onov
el
t
rai
ts.Byr
ecogni
zi
ngandsel
ect
ingf
or
t
hesechanges,
thegenomesofdomest
ic

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
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iano 15
 ani
mal
sbecameev
enmor
edi
ff
erent
iat
ed
f
rom t
hei
rwi
l
dancest
ors.
”
TheEv
olut
ionofAni
mal
Domest
icat
ion
TheNat
ureand Al
exThor
nton& 2019 “
Asani
mal
s’cogni
ti
ver
esponsest
o
Neel
tj
eJ. st
imul
ii
nthei
renv
ironmentmayhav
e
Nur
tur
ingof
Booger
t dr
amat
icconsequencesf
ori
ndi
vi
dual
Ani
mal
Minds:
f
it
nessandpopul
ati
ondy
nami
cs,
Bey
ondNat
ure- under
standi
ngt
hesecogni
ti
vepr
ocesses
i
sal
socr
it
ical
inawor
lddomi
nat
edby
Nur
tur
e
human-
inducedenv
ironment
alchange
(
Greggoretal
.2014)
.”

Theor
eti
cal
Framewor
k

Theor
iesandaut
hor
s Expl
anat
ionandi
tsconnect
iont
oyourst
udy

DogBr
eedsandt
hei
r I
nthi
sst
udy
,dogbr
eedshadnoef
fectonbehav
ior
,

Behav
ior(
2014)
.By buthumansdi
dbysel
ect
ingcer
tai
nfunct
ionalabi
l
iti
es.

JamesA.Ser
pel
l& Four
-l
egged compani
ons of
ten r
efl
ect t
hei
r human

Debor
ahL.Duf
fy owner
s'emot
ions.Someoft
hei
rancest
ors'
behav
iorwas

al
sopasseddownt
othem (
fore.
g.,f
ear
/anxi
ety
).I
nour

st
udy
,weal
soi
ncl
udedt
het
opi
c,doesdogbr
eedef
fect

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
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iano 16
 dogbehav
ior
?Weconcl
udedt
hatdogbr
eeddoesnot

af
fectdogs’behav
ior
,howev
ersomebehav
ior
alf
eat
ures

ar
epasseddownf
rom t
hei
rancest
ors.

Compar
ing Behav
iour
al I
nthi
sst
udyFSdogs-“
For
merSt
reetdogs”hasa

Pr
obl
ems i
n I
mpor
ted hi
ghl
evelofbehav
iour
alpr
obl
emsi
nvol
vi
ngf
ear
,st
ress,

St
reet Dogs and andaggr
essi
on.Howev
er,t
hedi
ff
erenceper
cei
vedbyt
he

Domest
ical
l
y Rear
ed owner
sisnotmaj
or;FS dogsseem,accor
dingt
othe

Dani
shDogs—TheVi
ews owner
s,t
obeabl
etoadaptt
oli
feascompani
onani
mal
s

of Dog Owner
s and i
nDani
shhomes.Accor
dingt
othef
indi
ngsofourst
udy
,

Vet
eri
nar
ians (
2021)
.By somest
rayani
mal
sexhi
bitdecentbehav
iorwhi
l
eot
her
s

Munkeboe, N.
, Lohse- exhi
bitagr
eat
erl
evelofbehav
ior
aldi
sor
der(
e.g.
,fear
,

Li
nd, A.
, Sandøe, P.
, St
ress,and aggr
essi
on)
.Whi
l
e home dogs ar
e much

For
kman,
B.,
&Ni
elsen,
S. bet
tersi
ncet
heywer
etaughtt
obeobedi
entcompani
ons,

S. t
hemai
ndi
sadv
ant
agei
sthatt
heyar
eal
sopr
onet
ohi
gh

l
evel
sofv
iol
encebecauset
heyhav
eter
ri
tor
ytopr
otect

agai
nstot
her
s.

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 17
 A behav
ior
al st
udy of I
nthi
sst
udy
,thebehav
iorofst
raydogsi
sobser
ved

st
raydogsi
ntempl
esi
n v
iaaser
iesofst
rangerappr
oacht
est
s.Soci
ali
nter
act
ion

Nakhon Rat
chasi
ma and behav
iori
n dogs (
neut
ral
,av
oidance,aggr
essi
ve,

muni
cipal
i
ty, Thai
l
and v
ocal
i
zat
ion,appr
oach,andt
ailmot
ions)
.Thi
sst
udyi
s

(
2019)
. Of Xi
n Huo, si
gni
fi
cantt
o ourst
udysi
nce we i
nvest
igat
ed atdog

Pani
chKumr
opt
anasan& behav
ior i
nav
ari
ety of set
ti
ngs,i
ncl
udi
ng human

Pongchan-
Na-
Lampang engagement
, 
pet
ti
ng t
err
it
ori
ali
ty,and dog or ani
mal

i
nter
act
ion.Fi
nal
l
y,t
hef
ami
l
iar
it
yoft
hedogswi
tht
he

peopl
e/ani
mal
s who appr
oached t
hem af
fect
ed t
hei
r

behav
ior
.

Concept
ual
Framewor
k

Var
iabl
es Ty
pe Def
ini
ti
on

Behav
ior Dependent Thewayoneact
sorconduct
sonesel
f,

speci
fi
cal
l
yinr
elat
iont
oot
her
s.

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 18
 Human I
nter
act
ion anyf
orm ofencount
erorr
elat
ionshi
p

i
nter
act
ion bet
ween a per
son and a non-
human

ani
mal
.

Ani
mal
int
eract
ion I
nter
act
ion anyf
orm ofi
nter
act
ionorr
elat
ionshi
p

bet
weenanon-
humanani
mal
.

Domest
icdog I
ndependent Dogst
hatar
ekepti
nsi
deorcl
oset
othe

homebyt
hei
rowner
sandar
epar
toft
he

f
ami
l
y.

St
raydogs I
ndependent Adomest
icpet
,suchasadog,
thati
s

homel
essorhasbeenabandoned.

METHODOLOGY

Resear
chDesi
gn

Thest
udywi
l
lempl
oyadescr
ipt
iver
esear
chmet
hodt
ocol
l
ectt
henecessar
yinf
ormat
ion.Speci
fi
cal
l
y,t
he

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 19
r
esear
cher
swi
l
lut
il
izeobser
vat
ionalr
esear
chdesi
gn,asexpl
ainedbyJav
ed(
2021)
.Thr
oughanobser
vat
ionalst
udy
,

t
her
esear
cher
swi
l
lobser
vet
hebehav
ior
soft
hepar
ti
cipant
s,f
ocusi
ngondogsi
nthei
rnat
uralenv
ironment
.The

pr
imar
yobj
ectoft
hisr
esear
chdesi
gni
stogai
nadeeperunder
standi
ngofhow dogsi
nst
inct
ivel
yreactt
ovar
ious

si
tuat
ions.Thest
udyai
mst
odi
sti
ngui
shandcompr
ehendt
hedi
spar
it
iesi
nbehav
iorbet
weenst
rayanddomest
icat
ed

dogs.Ther
esear
chwi
l
ltakepl
acei
nVi
ctor
ia,Al
i
cia,I
sabel
a,encompassi
ngadi
ver
segr
oupofst
rayanddomest
icat
ed

dogs.Met
icul
ousr
ecor
dswi
l
lbemai
ntai
nedt
odocumental
lobser
vedbehav
ior
s,f
aci
l
itat
ingv
aluabl
edat
aanal
ysi
s,and

enhanci
ngourcompr
ehensi
onofunal
ter
edcani
nebehav
ior
.

Popul
ati
onoft
heSt
udy

Thi
sst
udywi
l
lbef
ocusi
ngont
hecompar
isonoft
hebehav
iorofst
raydogsanddomest
icdogsi
nVi
ctor
ia,
Ali
cia,

I
sabel
a.Theobser
vat
ionofst
raydogswi
l
lbeconduct
edi
nthest
reet
sandt
heobser
vat
ionofdomest
icdogswi
l
lbe

conduct
edi
nsel
ect
edhouses.Ther
esear
cher
sobser
vedt
heabundanceofst
raydogsar
oundVi
ctor
ia,Al
i
cia,I
sabel
a

andwi
l
luset
henon-
probabi
l
itysampl
i
ng,speci
fi
cal
l
yquot
asampl
i
ng.Thepopul
ati
oni
sdi
vi
dedi
ntogr
oupsand

sampl
eswi
l
lbet
akenf
rom eachgr
oupt
omeetaquot
a.Fi
ft
een(
25)st
raydogsandf
if
teen(
25)domest
icdogs,
int
otal

oft
hir
ty(
50)dogswi
l
lbeobser
ved.Quot
asampl
i
ngwi
l
lbeusedi
nget
ti
ngt
hepopul
ati
onoft
her
espondent
s,i
tis

subdi
vi
dedi
ntocl
assesorcat
egor
ieswhi
chi
sthesampl
eoft
hest
raydogsanddomest
icdogs.Thesedogsar
echosen

t
obecomet
her
espondent
soft
her
esear
cher
sast
heyar
ecommonl
yseenr
oami
ngi
nev
eryar
eaoft
hescopeoft
his

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 20
st
udy
.Ther
esul
tsoft
heobser
vedbehav
iorofdogswi
l
lbenef
itt
hest
udent
s,communi
ty,andt
her
esear
cher
swhi
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Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 21
dogsanddomest
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Legends:

Under
graduat
eThesi
sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
edby
:A.Sor
iano 22
 St
rayDogswi
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Domest
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Researcher
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Under
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sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
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:A.Sor
iano 23
Under
graduat
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sFor
m ENG100A pr
epar
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:A.Sor
iano 24