Chapter 2, exercise 1

Car is a noun. automobile is a noun. Auto(shortened version of Automobile) is a noun. Motor is a noun.
These are neutral words. Limousine is an evoking word. Limo is the shortened version of Limousine, so
it's a derogatory word. Jalopy and banger are both expressive words.

Comfortable is a neutral, expressive word. Comfy is a derogatory word. Homely, cozy and snug are
expressive.

Dad is a neutral word. Daddy is also a neutral word. Pa, papa and pa are dialectic, register specific words.
Father is a neutral word. Pater is an evoked word-also register specific. Sire is a neutral word-might as
well be an evoked word too, in certain circumstances. Old man is a register specific word, also an evoked
word.

Chapter 2, exercise 2

Whisper, mutter, stutter, whimper, mumble, jab. Stutter, whimper and jab are expressive. These three
words along with mumble and whisper are register specific.

These are all expressive and register specific. The difference between English and my language is that
English is way more specific when it comes to 'whispering', for example. They have 'murmur' to describe
that too. While all we have to express 'whispering' is ‫زمزمه کردن‬. Even if there are more examples, they're
not as variable as English is with its words.

Chapter 2, exercise 3

Kaleidoscope, ethereal, scramble, biological, leap, scuttle, surge, parry, crush, sadism. Overall, none of
these words have an 'exact' equivalent in my language, which means I'll either have to paraphrase, or
find a synonym. For example, Crush and Sadism basically became a borrowed word at some point, so we
cannot exactly say—that we can translate then they have been 'borrowed', after all.

Chapter 2, exercise 4

Flask, Luxury, coffee, apartment Flask could be used in everyday conversation, if we’re talking about it.
Luxury is people’s go to when they’re advertising something. Coffee is not as used often when it comes
to discussion, but then again, it depends on the group of people you’re talking to. Apartment could also
count as a word that is used in everyday conversations often.

Noting that I’m trying to translate this one while having to keep ‘Dinero’, I suppose I’ll have to make
some arrangements. If we’re talking about turning the paragraph into a Persian one, it migh not be a bad
idea to replace the verbs with something else, as ‘translating’ doesn’t hold much meaning in this
sentence. I suppose I’d replace ‘translate’ with ‘turn, shift’. I’m paraphrasing it at this point. So basically,
word for word, if I’m translating it correctly, would be like this:

Once you ‘shift’ money into dinero, you wouldn’t need to pay even a single ‘dinero’ for money again.
As you can see, it’s paraphrased and some words are added.

Chapter 2, exercise 5

-ism, example: sadism, which isn’t really translated in Persian. Paraphrase: ,-ery, example: fiery. This
cannot be translated word for word either. Paraphrase: -10. -ish. Example: outlandish. Paraphrase:

Chapter 2, exercise 6

Ablest/ableism Masochism/masochist Sadism/sadist Activism/activist They’re all neutral words.

Chapter 3 ex 2 a

English collocations :
Make a speech
Catch a cold
Heavy rain
Make a living
‫ ترکیب های فارسی‬:
‫سخنرانی کردن‬
‫سرما خوردن‬
‫باران شدید‬
‫امرار معاش کردن‬

En :
To read the Riot Act
To pass the buck
‫ فارسی‬:
‫کسی را سرزنش کردن‬
‫از زیر بار مسئولیت شانه خالی کردن گردن کس دیگری انداختن‬

Chapter 3 ex 3

A storm in a teacup

‫ اصطالح “از کاه کوه ساختن” می‌باشد‬،‫معادل فارسی این عبارت‬.

To fish in troubled water

‫از آب گل‌آلود ماهی گرفتن‬

Birds of a feather flock together

‫کبوتر با کبوتر باز با باز‬

To be in red

‫بدهکار بودن‬

Chapter 3 ex 4

To be (someone’s) Achille’s hill

‫نقطه ضعف کسی بودن‬

(To open) Pandora’s box

‫منشا بدبختی ها‬