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به
سواالت درک مطلب
بهار 1399
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نکاتی در خصوص درک مطلب
درک مطلب مهم ترین بخش درس زبان انگلیسی در کنکور 7است که در قالب دو متن و هشت سوال مطرح می شود
و %32نم77ره این درس را در بر می گ77یرد .این بخش همچ77نین مش77کل ت77رین و وقت گ77یرترین بخش درس زب77ان
انگلیسی ب77وده و اک77ثر دانش آم77وزان به دلیل ع77دم آش77نایی با تکنیک ه77ای پاس77خگویی به س77واالت متاس77فانه عملک77رد
ضعیفی در آن دارند ،در حالیکه با ی7ادگیری 7آنه77ا ،به راح77تی و با س77رعت ب77اال می ت7وان به س77واالت پاسخ داد .دالیل
اص7لی ض7عف دانش آم7وزان در این بخش ش7امل کمب7ود زم7ان به علت مطالعه کل متن و برخ7ورد 7با کلم7ات مش7کل
خارج از دایره لغات کتاب می باشد که با یادگیری 7تکنیک های زیر می توانید 7اوال سرعت خود را در پاس77خگویی به
سواالت بدون نیاز به مطالعه دقی7ق 7کل متن اف77زایش دهید و ثانیا متوجه خواهید شد که اصال نی77ازی 7به دانس77تن مع نی
لغات مشکل خارج از دایره لغات کتاب ندارید 7و اگر بر لغات کتاب تسلط نسبی داش77ته باش77ید ،خیلی راحت می توانید7
جواب سواالت را پیدا کنید.
ابتدا بایستی 7با مفاهیم Skimmingو Scanningآشنا شویم.7
:Skimmingبه معنای مطالعه سریع متن بوده و هدف از آن درک ایده اصلی متن ،نح7وه س7ازماندهی اطالع7ات و
درک کلی محتوای 7آن می باشد .در مرحله ی77ادگیری 7می توانید 7تا ح77دود سه دقیقه به این بخش اختص77اص دهید و متن
را یک بار بصورت 7کلی و سریع مطالعه نمایید ولی در جلسه کنک77ور 7ح77داکثر یک دقیقه زم77ان ب77رای این ک77ار دارید
پس با تمرین و تکرار باید سرعتتان را باال ببرید .در حین انجام skimmingباید کارهای زیر را انجام دهید:
الف -جمالت اول هر پ77اراگراف را با دقت بیش77تری بخوانید .جمله اول هر پ77اراگراف 7ش77امل موض77وع اص77لی آن
پ77اراگراف ب77وده و جمله تاپیک نامی77ده می ش77ود .پس با مطالعه جمله اول هر پ77اراگراف در واقع با موض77وع اص77لی
مورد 7بحث در آن آشنا می شوید.
ب -در حین مطالعه سریع متن ،زیر اعداد و نام های خاص اعم از مکانها ،افراد و ......خط بکشید.
:scanningبه معنی خواندن سریع متن به منظور یافتن یک واقعیت و یا اطالعاتی خاص مانند نام ها ،ت77اریخ ها و
اعداد و ارقام است .سواالتی که از جزئیات متن مطرح می شوند 7معموال مربوط به این موارد 7است و بهمین علت در
مرحله skimmingاز شما خواسته شد که زیر اعداد و نام های خاص را خط بکشید تا هنگام پاسخگویی به سواالت
بتوانید 7آنها را سریعتر 7پیدا کنید.
در ادامه با انواع مختلف سواالت درک مطلب و نحوه پاسخگویی به آنها آشنا می شوید.
95 ریاضی:1 مثال
A device has been developed that enables babies born blind to see the world through
echoes from an ultrasonic scanner. Dr. Tom Bower, of Edinburgh University
psychology department, told the British Association annual conference that he gave
the device to a 16-week-old boy in the U.S. and the child responded to it within half a
minute of putting it all.
The battery-operated scanner sends out a pulse of ultra sound through a cone
attached to the forehead. Through earplugs the baby is able to hear echoes in stereo
which tell him what lies in front. By moving his head, he will detect sounds from
different parts of the room.
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The closer the object is, the lower the pitch of the sound. The bigger it is, the louder
the sound. The child can also establish whether the object is hard or soft: a hard object
will give a clear sound, and a soft one will give a fuzzy sound with overtones. Normal
voice commands can be heard by the baby while he is wearing the device.
Bower first tried it out on a blind baby from the Berkeley children's hospital in
California. The baby, Denis Daughters, seemed delighted and played hide-and-seek
with his mother after a few days. He enjoyed finding her in a room. At the age of nine
months, he had reached the development stage of a normal sighted baby. He was able
to perform tests such as balancing an object on two prongs or on a table edge. This
may sound unimportant, but few sighted children can perform such a task before this
age.
1.What is the best title for the passage?
1) The world of the newly born 2) seeing with ears
3) Scanners: A New Version 4) Scientists Help Doctors
There's a big difference between the amount of sleep you can get by on and the amount you
need to function optimally. According to the National Institutes of Health the average adult
sleeps less than seven hours per night. In today's fast-paced society, six or seven hours of
sleep may sound pretty good. In reality, though, if you sleep that long, you are most probably
not getting the sleep you need. Just because you're able to operate on six or seven hours of
sleep doesn't mean you wouldn't feel a lot better and get more done if you spend an extra
hour or two in bed.
While sleep requirements vary slightly from person to person most healthy adults need
between 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night to function at their best. Children and teenagers need
even more. And despite the notion that our sleep needs decrease with age, most older people
still need at least 7 hours of sleep. Since older adults often have trouble sleeping this long at
night, daytime naps can help fill in the gap.
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2. What is the main idea of the passage?
1) Differences in sleep patterns 2) Ways to improve our sleeping habits
3) The amount of sleep humans need 4) Reasons why we do not sleep enough
98 تجربی:3 مثال
In the early 1990s, many villages turned to solar power in parts of Africa where life was hard
because of the absence of electricity. Perhaps the greatest project of this nature and one that
is often mentioned, is a Zimbabwean project supported by UNDP through the Global
Environment Facility (GEF). The plan, jointly funded by GEF ($7m) and Zimbabwe ($400,000),
made use of some 9000 solar power systems throughout the country to improve living
standards, but also to decrease land degradation and pollution.
Shamva 70 km from Zimbabwe's capital, Harare, is now one of the best solar-village models
in the country. Fifty-two commercial farming families share systems; there is one system for
every two houses. Each family has two lamps and a connection for a radio or small television
set. The new lighting systems have improved the quality of life for the community. They have
increased study hours for schoolchildren, reduced rural-to-urban migration in the area, and
upgraded health standards by electrifying a local health centre.
6
4) New Ways to Produce Energy
Books that tell children about the lives of real people, or about real things in the world,
are nowadays not at all dull and not at all like lesson books. One of the best of the life
stories, or biographies, of famous people is Mother Teresa by Anne Sebba. Other similar
books are A Hand Upon Time (about Charles Dickens) and Mountbatten: Hero. Some
books are a part of a series, each title a separate biography of some famous persons.
There are many books about people who live ordinary lives but who represent the
changing face of the world. There are books about people who have led their countries
through times of great stress, and about people who work for and within a particular
belief.
People have different interests in life, and there are many books available to cover
most hobbies and leisure activities. Subjects such as music, painting, camping and crafts
are covered for various age-groups, so that readers should always be able to find
something of interest.
4. What is the subject of the passage?
1) Books
2) Real things in the world
3) Famous people
4) Biographies
94 ریاضی:5 مثال
For many years people have been trying to create a simple universal language that would
serve all over the world as a common means of communication. In the last three hundred
years, more than seven such languages have been suggested. The most successful and the
most popular of these is a Language called Esperanto. It was invented by Ludwig Zamenhof,
who lived in Poland. When he was growing up, he saw that people from different
backgrounds who lived in Poland had lots of difficulties communicating with each other. This
often led to disagreements. Ludwig felt that a common language would help them understand
each other better and agree with each other. So he began working on a common international
language. He started his work while he was still at school! In 1887 he published some
information about his new language. He didn't use his real name. He used the name Dr
Esperanto (which means "one who hopes"). Soon people from all over the world became
interested in his language, called Esperanto. Today Esperanto is spoken by about 8 million
people throughout the world. Many governments and international organizations recognize it
in many ways. Esperanto is often used on radio broadcasts from official government stations.
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95 ریاضی:1 مثال
Passage 2:
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System,
after Mercury. It is often referred to as the" Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent on
its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin atmosphere,
having surface features that look like the craters of the Moon and the valleys, deserts, and
polar ice caps of Earth.
The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth, as is
the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest volcano and
second-highest mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles-Marineris, one of the largest
valleys in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern hemisphere covers 40%
of the planet and maybe a giant impact feature. Mars has two moons, Phobos and Deimos,
which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be captured asteroids, similar to 5261
Eureka, a Mars trojan.
96 تجربی:2 مثال
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One of the most important decisions at the time when people grow up and become adult is
what job or career to choose. However, with so many possibilities to choose from, this
decision is often a difficult one to make. In addition, there are many factors that may
influence an individual in the choice of a career and some of these may be conflicting. For
example, family pressure, the potential for earning money, and one's own personal interest
may all be factors that pull an individual in three different directions when trying to decide
what career path to follow.
Although it is often stated that by the time a person is a young adult they will know what
they want to "do with their life," in fact the process of finding a career may take a long time. It
is not uncommon for an individual to try more than one career before finding the one that
leads to job satisfaction.
Clearly young adulthood is a period of stress. It is a time for raising a family, finding and
maintaining the "right" job, and keeping a balance among self, family, job, and society at
large. It is a period of life that requires great energy. Fortunately in terms of physical
development we are at something of a peak during our 20s and 30s.
As Levinson (1986) has stated, "early adulthood is the era of greatest energy and
abundance and of greatest contradiction and stress."
97 تجربی: 3 مثال
Human-related environmental issues are not new. The problem of deforestation,
desertification, water pollution, climate change, and the extinction of species have been
present throughout the history of the Earth. However, with today's advanced science and
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technology, people can do greater damages to nature and do it more quickly. The impacts are
further compounded. On the other hand, due to population growth, humans are encouraged
more than ever to use natural resources to meet the needs of the increasing population,
although they know what they are doing is not without environmental consequences. But
most of all, the effect of human-created environmental modifications are no longer limited to
a local or regional level, but are extending through the whole planet.
The cause of environmental damage is deeply rooted in human culture. Through hundreds
of years of industrialization and exploitation of natural resources, humans are acting on the
assumption that the all the best species on earth. Because of our cleverness, science and
power and materialism we have lost our respect for nature, which would definitely result in
our own destruction in the long term. In a world in which materialistic standards are in
control, people are made to inefficiently use more natural resources, since personal wealth is
becoming the ultimate measure of success in the eye of society.
98 تجربی:4 مثال
In the early 1990s, many villages turned to solar power in parts of Africa where life was hard
because of the absence of electricity perhaps the greatest project of this nature and one that
is often mentioned, is a Zimbabwean project supported by UNDP through the Global
Environment Facility (GEF). The plan, jointly funded by GEF ($7m) and Zimbabwe ($400,000),
made use of some 9000 solar power systems throughout the country to improve living
standards, but also to decrease land degradation and pollution.
12
Shamva 70 km from Zimbabwe's capital, Harare, is now one of the best solar-village models
in the country. Fifty-two commercial farming families share systems; there is one system for
every two houses. Each family has two lamps and a connection for a radio or small television
set. The new lighting systems have improved the quality of life for the community. They have
increased study hours for schoolchildren, reduced rural-to-urban migration in the area, and
upgraded health standards by electrifying a local health centre.
2 گزینه:جواب
:با توجه به اینکه جمله با ضمیر خواسته شده شروع شده است باید از ابتدای جمله قبل از آن شروع به خواندن کنیم
آنها ب اعث اف زایش س اعات مطالع ه دانش.سیستم های جدید روشنایی ب اعث بهب ود کیفیت زن دگی در جامع ه ش ده اس ت
کاهش مهاجرت از روستا به شهر و ارتقای استانداردهای بهداشت از طریق برق رسانی به یک مرکز بهداش ت،آموزان
.محلی شده اند
. اشاره دارد7 به سیستم های روشناییthey با توجه به معنی جمله دیده می شود که ضمیر
98 ریاضی:5 مثال
The advantages or positive points of e-readers certainly seem to be more than the
disadvantages. They are light and mobile devices that could be taken anywhere. Taking one
gadget on holiday allows us to take hundreds of novels with us without having to pay for extra
luggage on the plane.
The electronic nature of e-readers gives us so much more than a print copy of a book can
do. It lets us read in the dark (handy in case of a power cut). We can look up unfamiliar words
in the in-built dictionary with just one click, we can make notes, and we never forget what
page we were on: the e-reader remembers that for us. If our eyesight declines, we can make
the letters bigger. We can read Jane Eyre as often as we like and the book will never look any
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worse for it. And even if your taste in books is unusual, nobody need know: others can't see
what we are reading. Not only that, most e-books are cheaper than their print versions, and
many older books can be downloaded for free.
So why have only one in three of us read an e-book? The answer must be that there is
something special about the look, the feel, and maybe even the smell of printed books.
"Real" books are objects that have a past and their physical presence surrounds us with happy
memories.
گاهی از شما در خص وص عن وان یا موض وع پ اراگراف قبلی یا بع دی متن س وال می ش ود،به این ن وع س وال ،س وال
انتقالی گفته می شود.با توجه به اینکه موضوع پاراگراف قبلی یا بع دی در متن موج ود نیس ت ،بایس تی خودت ان نتیجه
گیری کنید که احتماال موضوع پاراگراف قبلی یا بعدی چیست .این سواالت معموال به شکل زیر پرسیده می شوند.
1.The paragraph preceding the passage probably….
?2.What is most likely in the paragraph following the passage
?3.Which of the following best suits the topic of the paragraph following this passage
برای پاسخگویی به سواالت مربوط به پاراگراف قبلی باید جمله اول متن و برای پاسخگویی به سواالت پاراگراف بعدی
،.باید جمله آخر متن را بررسی کنیم و با توجه به آنها نتیجه گیری کنیم
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96 ریاضی:1مثال
Roald Dahl was one of the most successful writers of children's books who ever lived. He sold
millions of books all over the world. He is so famous there is even a Roald Dahl Museum you
can visit. Many of his books have been made into films and videos.
Roald Dahl was born in 1916 in Wales. His father was rich but he died when Roald was
very young. Roald's mother brought him up. He hated school and left school as soon as he
could. Roald went to Africa to seek his fortune, and he spent two years working for an oil
company.
In 1939 Roald joined the Air Force as a pilot, but he had a bad crash in the desert. His injuries
made him limp for the rest of his life. After this Roald went to America where he wrote a story
about his adventures as a pilot. It was so good it was published in a magazine.
Roald met and married Patricia Neal. They bought a house in England and had five
children. Between 1960 and 1965 three terrible things happened. Theo, one of his children,
was hit by a taxi in New York and was badly hurt. Luckily, he recovered. However, Olivia, one
of Roald's daughters, died of a rare illness. Soon after this, his wife also had a serious illness.
It took her two years to get completely better. After these two difficult years, his days of
success finally arrived.
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11. Which of the following best suits the topic of the paragraph immediately following this
passage?
1) A new chapter in Roald's life
2) The success that Roald's daughter had
3) How Roald helped his wife feel healthy again
4) The reason why Roald turned to story writing
کدامیک از موارد زیر بهترین عنوان برای پاراگراف بعدی این متن است؟.11
) یک فصل نو در زندگی روآلد1
.) موفقیتی که دختر روآلد داشت2
.) روآلد چگونه به همسرش کمک کرد تا دوباره احساس سالمتی کند3
. روی آورد7) دلیل اینکه روآلد به داستان نویسی4
1 گزینه:جواب
7ازی77نیم و نی77ا می ک77ر متن اکتف77ه آخ77دن جمل77ه خوان77ط ب77 فق، بعدی را می خواهد7با توجه به اینکه سوال از ما عنوان پاراگراف
:نیست قسمت های دیگر متن را مطالعه کنیم
. روزهای موفقیت او باالخره فرا رسید،بعد از این دو سال سخت
. یک فصل نو در زندگی روآلد است7به راحتی می توان فهمید که ادامه متن در مورد
97 ریاضی:2 مثال
She remembers the moment the photographer took her picture. The man was a stranger, but
he asked if he could and she agreed to let him take it. She had never been photographed
before and until they met a second time seventeen years later, she was not photographed
again.
The photographer, Steve McCurry, remembers the moment too. It was 1984 and he was
recording the lives of Afghan refugees in a camp in Pakistan. She was looking out of the
school tent and he admits thinking at the time that the picture would be nothing special. Yet
the "Afghan girl" as the picture is now known, became after a few years, one of the most
iconic images. McCurry used her intense expression, so untypical of an average, carefree girl,
to warn us not to ignore the victims of war, especially its young victims.
In 2002 National Geographic encouraged McCurry to return to Pakistan to look for the girl.
After showing her photo around the refugee camp, he found a man who had known her as a
child and knew where to find her. He offered to bring her from her home in the Tora Bora
mountains in Afghanistan and after three days returned with Sharbat Gula, a woman perhaps
29 years old. McCurry knew at once that this was her.
16
3) what the focus of National Geographic in news reporting is
4) a description of what Sharbat Gula looked like then
98 ریاضی:3 مثال
The cultural context can also influence life expectancy for men and women. (life expectancy
is the expected length of a person's life.) For example women generally smoke cigarettes less
than men, which has been proven to cause many health problems and to shorten lives.
Another factor that has influenced the lives of women is the lack of stress. Stress is well
known to shorten lives. Until recently women who worked were usually in less responsible,
less stressful positions. At home, housework tends to keep women in better physical
condition than men. This generally better physical condition is yet another factor in women's
longer lives.
These cultural factors have played an important part for the women who are now getting
old. But the social habits of women are changing. Young women are smoking more than
women used to. More women are working now and holding more responsible positions.
These changes may mean that the cultural context will no longer help women live healthier
lives. However, women will continue to live longer than men because of certain other factors.
13. The passage would most probably continue with a discussion of ………. .
1) why women are no longer willing to stay home and do house work
2) the reasons behind the change in different countries' culture around the world
3) factors other than cultural factors in relation to women's living longer than men
4) how a healthy lifestyle is important for both men and women in today's ever-changing
world
17
.13متن به احتمال زیاد ادامه پیدا میکند با بحث در مورد . ...........
)1چرا زنان دیگر حاضر نیستند در خانه بمانند و کارهای 7خانه را انجام دهند.
)2دالیل تغییر فرهنگ کشورهای مختلف در سراسر جهان
)3عواملی غیر از عوامل فرهنگی 7در رابطه با طول عمر بیشتر زنان از مردان
)4چگونگی اهمیت سبک زندگی 7سالم برای زنان و مردان در دنیای 7در حال تغییر 7امروزی
جواب :گزینه 3
سوال ،موضوع 7بحث بعد از این پاراگراف را از ما می پرسد ،پس جمله آخر متن را می خوانیم:
با این وجود زنان به دلیل برخی عوامل دیگر به زندگی طوالنی تر از مردان ادامه خواهند داد.
با توجه به معنی جمله آخر و بررسی گزینه ها ،مشخص است که گزینه ، 3پاسخ صحیح این سوال است.
:مثال 4
When a strong earthquake occurs on the ocean floor rather than on land, a tremendous
force is exerted on the seawater and one or more large, destructive waves called
tsunamis can be formed. Tsunamis are commonly called tidal waves in the United
States, but this is really an inappropriate name in that the cause of tsunami is an
underground earthquake rather than the ocean's tides.
Far from land, a tsunami can move through the wide open vastness of the ocean at a
speed of 600 miles per hour and often can travel tremendous distances without losing
height and strength. When a tsunami reaches shallow coastal water, it can reach a
height of 100 feet or more and can cause tremendous flooding and damage to coastal
areas.
.14پاراگراف قبل از این متن به احتمال زیاد بحث میکند در رابطه با؟
)1سونامی 7در بخش های مختلف جهان
)2اثرات منفی سونامی
)3زمین لرزه های زمینی
)4تاثیر جذر و مد بر سونامی7
جواب :گزینه3
با توجه به اینکه سوال در مورد پاراگراف قبل از متن است ،این بار فقط جمله اول متن را می خوانیم:
هنگامیکه یک زمین لرزه قوی در کف اقیانوس روی می دهد و نه در روی زمین ،نیروی عظیمی روی آب دریا اعمال
می شود و یک یا چند موج بزرگ که به آنها سونامی گفته می شود ،می تواند شکل بگیرد.
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با توجه به معنی جمله اول می توان فهمید 7که پاراگراف قبلی در مورد زمین لرزه هایی صحبت می کند که در روی زمین
اتفاق می افتند در نتیجه گزینه 3پاسخ صحیح سوال است.
19
1مثال:
The earliest human beings learned to measure time by the regular
reappearance of certain events. The most obvious of these was the endless
pattern of alternation between light and dark that we call day and night.
We now know that day and night are caused by the rotation of the
Earth on its axis, so that for part of the time a place on the globe faces
toward the Sun and for the rest of the time it is turned away from it. To
early people a day meant a span of time between sunrise and sunset. We
still commonly use the word in this way to distinguish it from the period of
darkness that we call night. But as law and civilization developed, it
became necessary to identify days more accurately and to work out when
they began and ended.
Some days had to be set aside for market trading, and a regular
number of days went by between one market day and the next. This was
the origin of what we now call the week. The ancient Babylonians, the
Egyptians, the Greeks, and the Romans all evolved weeks of varying
lengths. The Jews followed the Babylonians in setting one day aside for the
rest from work. They called it the Sabbath, though the Jews invented their
Sabbath for religious purposes.
15. It is pointed out in the passage that the origin of weeks was… .
1-the days for market trading
2-the regular number of days that went by.
3-the market days and the days between them
4-endless pattern of shifts between light and dark.
16. According to the passage, we have day and night because of the ….. .
1-reappearance of certain events
2-rotation of the earth on its axis
3-movement of the Earth round the sun
4-endless pattern of shifts between light and dark.
20
…17. It is mentioned in the passage that the Sabbath was
1-the Jews religious day
2-the Jews religion
3-the Babylonian's and Jew's day for work
4-the Babylonian's and Jew's week
.15در متن اشاره شده است که منشا هفته ها کدام مورد بود؟
)1روزهای 7تجارت در بازار
)2تعداد روزهای 7عادی که سپری میشد
)3روزهای 7بازار و روزهای بین آنها
)4الگوی بی پایان تغییر بین روشنایی 7و تاریکی
جواب :گزینه 3
در روی سوال باید یک کلمه کلیدی انتخاب کنیم که در اینجا "منشا هفته" را انتخاب می کنیم و در متن به دنبال
آن می گ77ردیم 7و جمل77ه ای را ک77ه در م77ورد آن ص77حبت می کن77د ب77ا دقت می خ77وانیم 7.هم77انطور ک77ه می بینی77د در
پاراگراف سوم در مورد منشا هفته صحبت شده پس جمله را بادقت می خوانیم:
برخی روزها باید برای معامله در بازار کنار گذاشته می شد و تع دادی روز ع ادی بین ی ک روز ب ازار و روز
بعدی بازار سپری می شد و این منشا چیزی بود که آن را هفته می نامیم.
.16با توجه به متن ،ما شب و روز داریم بخاطر .......
)1ظهور مجدد بعضی وقایع 7خاص
)2چرخش زمین در محور خود
)3حرکت زمین به دور 7خورشید
)4الگوی بی پایان تغییر بین روشنایی 7و تاریکی
جواب :گزینه 2
با توجه به سوال باید بدنبال شب و روز وعلت وج77ود 7آن بگ77ردیم .در س77طر 7اول پ77اراگراف دوم ب77ه علت وج77ود7
شب و روز اشاره شده است :
ما اکنون می دانیم که شب و روز ناشی از چرخش زمین در محور خودش است.
.17در متن اشاره شده است که Sabbathچه بود؟
)1روز مذهبی یهودی 7ها
)2مذهب یهودی 7ها
)3روز کاری بابلی ها و یهودی ها
)4هفته بابلی ها و یهودی ها
جواب :گزینه 1
در متن باید به دنبال کلمه Sabbathبگردیم و جمله مربوط به آن را بخوانیم ،در انتهای پاراگراف آخر داریم:
یهودی ها در کنار گذاشتن یک روز برای استراحت از کار ،از بابلی ها پیروی کردن د .آنه ا ب ه آن Sabbath
میگفتند اگرچه یهودیان Sabbathرا برای اهداف مذهبی اختراع کردند.
21
Weather describes conditions, such as rain, wind, and sunshine, that occur during a
short period of time in a particular place; climate is the overall pattern of weather in a
region. From one moment to the next, weather can change. A warm sunny day can be
overtaken by a violent storm. Dark clouds form, high winds blow, and rain lashes the
ground, yet it may be only a few minutes before the sunny weather returns. However,
in some parts of the world, such as in parts of the tropics, the weather barely changes
for months at a time. There it is always hot and heavy rains fall.
Meteorologists are scientists who measure and forecast the weather. They do
this by studying clouds, winds, and the temperature and pressure of Earth’s
atmosphere. But despite the use of satellites, computers, and other technology in
weather forecasting, weather remains a force of nature that is hard to predict. Several
thousand weather stations on land, ships, and aircraft measure weather conditions
around the world. The stations contain instruments that record temperature, rainfall,
the speed and direction of wind, air pressure, and humidity (the amount of water
vapor in the air). Balloons called radiosondes carry instruments to take measurements
high in the air. Weather satellites in space send back pictures of the clouds.
18. Which of the following is TRUE about the difference between weather and climate?
1) Weather refers to predictable atmospheric conditions.
2) Climate refers to conditions such as rain and wind.
3) Weather is a fixed climatic pattern in a region.
4) Climate refers to a more constant condition.
95 ریاضی:3 مثال
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second-smallest planet in the Solar System,
after Mercury. It is often referred to as the" Red Planet" because the iron oxide prevalent
22
on its surface gives it a reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial planet with a thin
atmosphere, having surface features that look like the craters of the Moon and the valleys,
deserts, and polar ice caps of Earth.
The rotational period and seasonal cycles of Mars are likewise similar to those of Earth,
as is the tilt that produces the seasons. Mars is the site of Olympus Mons, the largest
volcano and second-highest mountain in the Solar System, and of Valles-Marineris, one of
the largest valleys in the Solar System. The smooth Borealis basin in the northern
hemisphere covers 40% of the planet and may be a giant impact feature. Mars has two
moons, Phobos and Deimos, which are small and irregularly shaped. These may be
captured asteroids, similar to 5261 Eureka, a Mars trojan.
4 گزینه:جواب
: به آن را می خوانیم7 جمله مربوط، صحبت شده استOlympus Mons دوم در مورد7در سطر دوم پاراگراف
. بزرگترین آتشفشان و دومین کوه بلند در کل منظومه شمسی است،مریخ محل قرار گیری الیمپوس مونس
97 ریاضی: 4 مثال
She remembers the moment the photographer took her picture. The man was a
stranger, but he asked if he could and she agreed to let him take it. She had
never been photographed before and until they met a second time seventeen years
later, she was not photographed again.
23
The photographer, Steve McCurry, remembers the moment too. It was 1984 and
he was recording the lives of Afghan refugees in a camp in Pakistan. She was looking
out of the school tent and he admits thinking at the time that the picture would be
nothing special. Yet the 'Afghan girl', as the picture is now known, became, after a
few years, one of the most iconic images. McCurry used her intense expression, so
untypical of an average, carefree girl, to warn us not to ignore the victims of war,
especially its young victims.
In 2002 National Geographic encouraged McCurry to return to Pakistan to look
for the girl. After showing her photo around the refugee camp, he found a man who
had known her as a child and knew where to find her. He offered to bring her from
her home in the Tora Bora mountains in Afghanistan and after three days returned
w i t h Sharbat Gula, a woman perhaps 29 years old. McCurry knew at once that this
was her.
20. According to the passage, the picture Steve McCurry took from the Afghan
girl…….
1) was one he himself knew would become famous
2) was made popular by National Geographic
3) gained people’s attention later on
4) was an immediate success
21. According to the passage, when Steve McCurry came back in 2002 to take
another picture……
1) Sharbat Gula had changed so much that he was greatly surprised
2) he had to wait for three days before he could see Sharbat Gula
3) he managed to find Sharbat Gula himself and very quickly
4) Sharbat Gula was living in another camp in Pakistan
25
feel uncomfortable. Statistics tell us that the average distance at which two people stand
in a social context—neighbors talking together, for example—is anything between 1.2
meters and 3.5 meters. In Latin cultures (South America, Italy, etc) and also in China this
distance tends to be smaller, while in Nordic cultures (Sweden, Denmark, etc.) people
usually stand further apart.
23. According to the passage, the distance at which people stand in a social context…...
1) is 1.2 meters or 3.5 meters all over the world
2) is the smallest in the world in Latin cultures
3) tends to change in the course of time
4) is not fixed under all circumstances
......... فاصله ی ایستادن افراد در جامعه، با توجه به متن.23
متر است3.5 تا1.2 ) در همه جای دنیا بین1
) در فرهنگ های التین کمترین در جهان است2
) در طول زمان تغییر می کند3
) تحت تمامی شرایط ثابت نیست4
4 گزینه:جواب
: اشاره شده است7 پاراگراف دوم به فاصله افراد5 در سطر
آمار به ما می گوید که میانگین فاصله ایستادن افراد از یکدیگر در یک بستر اجتماعی – برای مثال همسایگانی که ب ا
ایتالی ا و غ یره) و همچ نین، در فرهنگ های التین (آمریکای جنوبی. است3.5 تا1.2 چیزی بین-هم صحبت می کنند
دانمارک و غیره) مردم معم وال دورت ر از،در چین این فاصله کمتر است در حالی که در فرهنگ های نوردیک (سوئد
.هم می ایستند
.با توجه به جمالت باال می توان فهمید که این فاصله در فرهنگ های مختلف متفاوت است و ثابت نیست
98 تجربی: 6 مثال
In the early 1990s, many villages turned to solar power in parts of Africa where life was
hard because of the absence of electricity. Perhaps the greatest project of this nature,
and one that is often mentioned, is a Zimbabwean project supported by UNDP through
the Global Environment Facility (GEF). The plan, jointly funded by GEF ($7m) and
Zimbabwe ($400,000), made use of some 9,000 solar power systems throughout the
country to improve living standards, but also to decrease land degradation and pollution.
Shamva, 70 kilometers from Zimbabwe’s capital, Harare, is now one of the best solar-
village models in the country. Fifty-two commercial farming families share systems; there
is one system for every two houses. Each family has two lamps and a connection for a
radio or small television set. The new lighting systems have improved the quality of life
for the community. They have increased study hours for schoolchildren, reduced rural-to-
26
urban migration in the area, and upgraded health standards by electrifying a local health
center.
24. According to the passage, the Zimbabwean project….
1) has been successful in one particular village
2) has been financially supported by the Zimbabwean government only
3) has influenced the living standards of some rural people in Zimbabwe
4) has a long way to go before its effects can be actually observed in people's life
?25. Which of the following is TRUE about Shamva
1) It did not use to have a local health center.
2) It is the closest village to Zimbabwe’s capital.
3) It is located in an area where access to electricity is very difficult.
4) It is equipped with some solar systems shared by the families living there.
این نوع سواالت نیز بخش خاصی از متن را در بر می گیرند و از شما می خواهند پاسخی را انتخاب کنید که در
.متن به آن اشاره نشده و یا با توجه به متن صحیح نیست .معموال بصورتهای زیر مطرح می شوند
?Which of the following is not true about….
?Which of the following is not mentioned
?Which of the following is not discussed
…All of the following are true except
برای پاسخگویی به این تیپ سوال ،ابتدا یک لغت کلیدی انتخاب کرده و آنرا در متن پیدا می کنیم و جمله
مربوط به آنرا با دقت مطالعه می نماییم،سپس جوابهایی که صحیح هستند و در متن به آنها اشاره شده را پیدا
.کرده و آنها را حذف و در نهایت پاسخ سوال را پیدا می کنیم
28
1مثال:
John Milton is usually thought of as the greatest of all English poets after
Shakespeare. His most magnificent poem is Paradise Lost(1667), which tells the story
of God's dealings with mankind, from the creation of the world, as told in the Bible.
Milton was born in London and went to St. Paul's school, where he was so eager to
learn that, he said, "From the twelfth year of my age I scarcely ever went to bed
before midnight". At 16 he went to Christ's college, Cambridge , and when he left
after more than seven years he settled down to continue studying in a
Buckinghamshire village called Horton. Already he knew that he wanted to write a
great poem and he believed that to do this he must be not only a learned man but
also a good one.
Although he was not ready yet to begin his great task, Milton did write other
poems while he lived at Horton. Among them were L'Allegro and Il Penseroso(both
1631-1632). L'Allegro described the things that a cheerful man likes and Il Penseroso
the things a serious man likes. Also written at Horton were Camus(1634), a masque in
praise of purity, and Lycidas(1637), a beautiful, sad poem lamenting the death of
Edward King, a fellow student who had been drowned.
94 ریاضی: 2مثال
Weather describes conditions, such as rain, wind, and sunshine, that occur during a
short period of time in a particular place; climate is the overall pattern of weather in a
region. From one moment to the next, weather can change. A warm sunny day can be
overtaken by a violent storm. Dark clouds form, high winds blow, and rain lashes the
ground, yet it may be only a few minutes before the sunny weather returns. However,
in some parts of the world, such as in parts of the tropics, the weather barely changes
for months at a time. There it is always hot and heavy rains fall.
Meteorologists are scientists who measure and forecast the weather. They do
this by studying clouds, winds, and the temperature and pressure of Earth’s
atmosphere. But despite the use of satellites, computers, and other technology in
weather forecasting, weather remains a force of nature that is hard to predict. Several
thousand weather stations on land, ships, and aircraft measure weather conditions
around the world. The stations contain instruments that record temperature, rainfall,
the speed and direction of wind, air pressure, and humidity (the amount of water
vapor in the air). Balloons called radiosondes carry instruments to take measurements
high in the air. Weather satellites in space send back pictures of the clouds.
30
3) Radiosondes are balloons that take certain tools high in the air.
4) Computers and satellites make it possible to predict weather without any difficulty.
. 27با توجه به متن کدامیک از موارد زیر را هواشناسان در هنگام پیش بینی هوا انجام نمی دهند؟
)1ابرها را مطالعه می کنند.
)2بادها را مطالعه می کنند.
)3به وسیله بالن های مخصوص 7به هوا می روند7.
)4فشار جو زمین را اندازه می گیرند.
جواب :گزینه 3
سوال در مورد کارهایی است که هواشناسان 7انجام می دهند ،پس در متن باید به دنبال کلمه هواشناسان(
)meteorologistبگردیم7.
در ابتدای پاراگراف 7دوم گفته شده که هواشناسان دانشمندانی هستند که هوا را پیش بینی می کنند و این کار را از طریق
مطالعه ابرها ،بادها و اندازه گیری دما و فشار جو زمین انجام می دهند (.رد گزینه های 2 ،1و )4
31
98 انسانی:3 مثال
All countries that send objects into space find themselves face to face with a serious
problem: space junk. The “junk” includes parts of rockets, unwanted remaining parts
from launches, dead satellites, and other manufactured items that simply stay there
in space with no use at all. There may well be half a million pieces of dangerous waste
in orbit. As you might expect, countries around the world are worried. Many are
working on solutions to destroy the detritus.
Japan’s space agency has built an electromagnetic tether. This giant steel and
aluminum net, nearly half a mile wide, would orbit in space and attract metallic
pieces as it travels. Once full of waste, the net would fall back into the Earth's
atmosphere. The gathered pieces would burn upon re-entry. If this net idea works,
Japan plans to build a much larger one.
A Swiss company proposes a different answer. It is developing a spacecraft that
would act as a huge device to collect harmful debris. Like the Japanese net, the Swiss
device would fall back into Earth’s atmosphere, destroying its contents in the process.
29. The device made by Japan's space agency and that made by a Swiss company
are similar in all of the following features EXCEPT that they …… .
1) collect waste in space
2) look very much alike
3) serve the same purpose
4) are designed to make waste burn on their return to Earth
دستگاه ساخته شده توسط آژانس فضای ژاپن و دستگاه ساخته شده توسط شرکت سوئیسی در تمام موارد.29
........ زیر شبیه به هم هستند بجز اینکه آنها
) زباله را در فضا جمع آوری می کنند1
) ظاهری خیلی شبیه به هم دارند2
.) یک هدف یکسان را برآورده می کنند3
7.) طراحی شده اند که در راه برگشت به زمین زباله ها را بسوزانند4
2 گزینه:جواب
ماهواره ها و غیره و جم ع،همانطور که می بینید متن در رابطه با زباله های فضایی از جمله باقیمانده موشک
در پاراگراف دوم اشاره شده که آژانس فضایی ژاپن یک وس یله الکترومغن اطیس از.آوری آنها صحبت می کند
32
جنس فوالد و آلومینیوم ساخته است که در فضا می چرخد و قطعات فلزی را جذب می کند و زمانیکه ظرفیت آن
پر شد به داخل جو زمین سقوط می کند و زباله های جمع آوری شده هنگام ورود به جو زمین ،می سوزند.
در پاراگراف سوم متن اشاره شده است که یک شرکت سوئیس ی پاس خ متف اوتی را پیش نهاد می کن د .آنه ا ی ک
هواپیمای بزرگ ساخته ان د ک ه مانن د ی ک دس تگاه ب زرگ ،زبال ه ه ای مض ر را جم ع آوری میکن د و همانن د
دستگاه ژاپنی به داخل جو زمین سقوط می کند و محتویاتش طی همان پروسه از بین می رود.
با توجه به توضیحات فوق 7هر دو دستگاه برای جمع آوری 7زباله فضایی 7ساخته شده اند و هنگام بازگشت به جو
زمین ،محتویات آنها می سوزد 7(.رد گزینه های 3 ،1و )4
33
سواالت تیپ :6استنباط از متن /سواالت تلویحی
برخي از س وال ه اي درك مطلب ،نيازمند پاسخ ه ايي هس تند كه معم وال ص راحتا در متن از آن ها ص حبتي به
ميان نيامده است ؛ بلكه استنباط شما را از كليت متن مورد سنجش قرار مي دهند .در حقيقت ،بنا بر آن است كه
داوطلب براساس قراين و شواهد موجود در متن به نتيجه گيري خاصي برسد .به اين قبيل سوال ها ،سوال هاي
مي گويند. غير مستقيم و يا استنباطي ( ) Implied Questions
الگوي معمول اين قبيل سوال ها به صورت زير است :
34
smoke cigarettes less than men, which has been proven to cause many health
problems and to shorten lives.
Another factor that has influenced the lives of women is the lack of stress. Stress is
well known to shorten lives. Until recently, women who worked were usually in less
responsible, less stressful positions. At home, housework tends to keep women in
better physical condition than men. This generally better physical condition is yet
another factor in women’s longer lives.
These cultural factors have played an important part for the women who are now
getting old. But the social habits of women are changing. Young women are smoking
more than women used to. More women are working now and holding more
responsible positions. These changes may mean that the cultural context will no longer
help women live healthier lives. However, women will continue to live longer than men
because of certain other factors.
30-It can be understood from the passage that the author considers cigarette
smoking to……
4) be a culture-related habit
31-It can be understood from the passage that men can improve their physical
condition by …..
1) doing housework
ورد77ر م77ول عم77دگی ط77ه زن77د ب77 (امی.ذارد77أثیر بگ77ردان ت77 زنان و م7 در امید به زندگی7زمینه فرهنگی نیز می تواند
7یاری77اد بس77اعث ایج77ده ب77که ثابت ش، زنان عموما ً کمتر از مردان سیگار، ) به عنوان مثال. است7 یک فرد7انتظار
. میکشند، می شود7از مشکالت سالمتی و کوتاه شدن زندگی
ده77ناخته ش77وبی ش77ه خ77ترس ب77 اس.ت77یکی دیگر از عواملی که در زندگی زنان تأثیر گذاشته است فقدان استرس اس
ئولیت77 های با مس7 معموالً در موقعیت، که کار می کردند7 زنانی، تا همین اواخر.است که زندگی را کوتاه می کند
35
پذیری 7کمتری قرار می گرفتند .در خانه ،کارهای خانه زنان را در شرایط 7بدنی بهتری نسبت به مردان حفظ می
کند .این وضعیت عمومی بهتر از نظر جسمی یکی دیگر از عوامل طوالنی 7تر بودن زندگی زنان است.
این عوامل فرهنگی 7برای زنانی که اکنون سن آنان باال رفت77ه ،نقش مهمی ایف77ا ک77رده اس77ت .ام77ا ع77ادات اجتم77اعی
زنان در حال تغییر است .زنان جوان بیشتر 7از زنان قبل از خود سیگار می کشند .اکنون تعداد بیش7تری 7از خانمه7ا
مشغول به کار هستند و مسئولیتهای بیشتری 7را به عهده دارند .این تغییرات ممکن است بدان معنی باشد که زمین77ه
فرهنگی 7دیگر به زنان در زندگی 7سالم تر کمک نمی کند .با این وجود ، 7زنان به دلیل برخی عوام77ل دیگ77ر ،عم77ر
طوالنی 7تر از مردان را ادامه خواهند داد.
.30از این متن می توان فهمید که به نظر نویسنده مصرف سیگار ……
)1در بین زنان شایع تر از چیزی 7است که اکنون در بین مردان است
جواب :گزینه4
در پاراگراف 7اول بیان شده است که زمینه فرهنگی می تواند بر طول عمر زنان و مردان تاثیر 7بگذارد و همچ77نین
در پاراگراف 7آخر نیز اشاره شده که عوامل فرهنگی 7و عادات اجتماعی زنان در حال تغی77یر اس77ت و اکن77ون زن77ان
بیشتری 7از قبل سیگار می کشند(.تایید گزینه ،)4در پاراگراف 7آخر اش77اره ش77ده ک77ه زن77ان بیش77تری 7نس77بت ب77ه قب77ل
سیگار می کشند و نگفته که سیگار کشیدن بین زنان شایع تر از مردان است(رد گزینه ،)1در متن هیچ اش77اره ای
به ارتباط میزان استرس در زن77دگی اف77راد و س77یگار کش7یدن نش7ده اس7ت(رد گزینه ،)2در متن اش77اره ای نش77ده ک7ه
مضرات سیگار برای زنان بیشتر از مردان است(رد گزینه)3
.31از این متن می توان دریافت که مردان می توانند وضعیت جسمی خود را بهبود دهند بوسیله .......
در متن به جواب سوال اشاره مستقیم نشده است ولی در سطر سوم پاراگراف دوم آم77ده اس7ت ک7ه :انج77ام کاره7ای
خانه بطور 7کلی زنان را در وضعیت جسمی بهتری نس77بت ب77ه م77ردان نگ77ه می دارد و می ت77وان نتیج77ه گ77رفت ک77ه
انجام کارهای خانه می تواند در بهبود وضعیت جسمی مردان به77تر باش77د(تایی7د 7گزین77ه ، )1در متن اش77اره ای ب77ه
دادن کار مردان به زنان نشده است(رد گزینه ،)2در پاراگراف دوم 7از فقدان استرس بعنوان ی77ک عام77ل م77وثر در
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پس،د77تر بودن77 کم7 های شغلی با مسئولیت7 زنان صحبت شده و بیان شده که زنان تا همین اواخر در موقعیت7زندگی
در،)3 گزینه7ود(رد7ر می ش77ول عم77اهش ط77ترس و ک77اعث اس77 بیشتری دارند ب7کار کردن در مشاغلی که مسئولیت
.)4 صحبتی نشده است(رد گزینه7 به سالمتی7خصوص مراقبت بهتر از مشکالت مربوط
96 ریاضی: 2مثال
There is a big difference between the amount of sleep you can get by on and the amount you
need to function optimally. According to the National Institutes of Health, The average adult
sleeps less than seven hours per night. In today’s fast-paced society, six or seven hours of
sleep may sound pretty good. In reality, though, if you sleep that long, you are most probably
not getting the sleep you need. Just because you're able to operate on six or seven hours of
sleep doesn't mean you wouldn't feel a lot better and get more done if you spent an extra
hour or two in bed.
While sleep requirements vary slightly from person to person, most healthy adults need
between 7 to 9 hours of sleep per night to function at their best. Children and teenagers need
even more. And despite the notion that our sleep needs decrease with age, most older
people still need at least 7 hours of sleep. Since older adults often have trouble sleeping this
long at night, daytime naps can help fill in the gap.
32. Which of the following statements is the author more likely to agree?
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تفاوت زیادی بین میزان خوابی که شما می توانید 7داشته باش7ید و مق7دار الزم ب7رای عملک7رد بهین7ه وج7ود 7دارد.
طبق آمار موسسه ملی بهداشت ،متوسط بزرگس77االن کم77تر از هفت س77اعت در ش77ب می خوابن77د .در جامع77ه پ77ر
سرعت امروز ، 7شش یا هفت ساعت خواب ممکن است بسیار 7خوب به نظ77ر برس77د .اگرچ77ه در واقعیت 7اگ77ر این
مقدار بخوابید ،احتماالً خواب مورد 7نیاز خود را دریافت نمی کنید .فقط به این دلیل که قادر ب77ه انج77ام ش77ش ی77ا
هفت ساعت خواب هستید به معنای این نیست که اگر یک ساعت یا دو ساعت اضافی 7را در رختخواب بگذرانید
،احساس بهتری نخواهید داشت و بیشتر کار نمی کنید.
در حالی که نیاز به خواب از فردی به فرد دیگ77ر ،کمی متف77اوت اس77ت ،اک77ثر بزرگس77االن س77الم بین 7ت77ا 9
ساعت خواب در هر شب نیاز دارند تا در بهترین حالت کار کنند .کودکان و نوجوانان حتی بیشتر نیاز دارن77د .و
با وجود این تصور که خواب ما با افزایش سن کم می شود ،بیشتر افراد مسن ح77داقل ب77ه 7س77اعت خ77واب نی77از
دارند .از آنجا که بزرگساالن مسن اغلب با این مقدار خوابیدن در شب مشکل دارند ،چرت زدن در ط77ول روز
می تواند به پر کردن این شکاف کمک کند.
)1همه مردم این روزها 7به چرت زدن در طول روز نیاز دارند
)2با افزایش سن افراد تمایل به ساعات طوالنی تر خوابیدن دارند
)3جامعه امروز 7جامعه ای پر سرعت است زیرا مردم نمی توانند بهینه عمل کنند
)4كودكان و نوجوانان به طور كلي به بيش از 7تا 9ساعت خواب در روز نياز دارند
جواب :گزینه 4
در انتهای متن اشاره شده است که بیشتر افراد 7مسن حداقل ب7ه 7س7اعت خ77واب نی77از دارن7د و از آنج77ا ک7ه اف77راد
مسن با این مقدار خواب در شب مش77کل دارن77د ،چ7رت زدن در ط77ول روز می توان7د ب7ه پ77ر ک77ردن این ش77کاف
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کمک کند و نگفته است که همه مردم 7به چرت طول روز نیاز دارند(رد گزینه ،)1در پاراگراف آخر اشاره ش77ده
است که خواب ما با افزایش سن ،کم می شود(رد گزینه .)2در متن اش77اره ای نش77ده ک77ه جامع77ه ام77روز 7ب77ه دلی77ل
( رد گزینه ،)3در پاراگراف اینکه مردم نمی توانند عملکرد بهینه داشته باشند ،جامعه ای پر سرعت است
آخر بیان شده که اکثر بزرگساالن سالم بین 7تا 9ساعت خواب در هر شب نی77از دارن77د و کودک77ان و نوجوان77ان
حتی به خواب بیشتری 7نیاز دارند(تایید گزینه.)4
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96 تجربی: 1 مثال
For centuries there have been descriptions of unusual animal behavior happening
before and related to earthquakes. In cases where animals show unusual behavior
some tens of seconds before a quake, it has been suggested they are responding to
the P-waves. These travel through the ground about twice as fast as the S-waves that
cause most severe shaking. They predict not the earthquake itself—that has already
happened—but only the possible arrival of the more destructive S-waves.
In the 1970s, scientists thought that a practical method for predicting earthquakes
would soon be found, but by the 1990s continuing failure led many to question
whether it was even possible. Demonstrably successful predictions of large
earthquakes have not occurred and the few claims of success are not accepted by all
scientists. For example, the most famous claim of a successful prediction is related to
the 1975 Haicheng earthquake. A later study said that there was no valid short-term
prediction. Extensive searches have reported many possible earthquake signals, but,
so far, such signals have not been reliably identified across significant spatial and
temporal scales. While part of the scientific community hold that, considering non-
seismic signals or precursors and given enough resources to study them extensively,
prediction might be possible, most scientists are not that positive and some say that
earthquake prediction is inherently impossible.
33. The writer mentions the 1975 Haicheng earthquake in paragraph 2 because …….
3) was one of the strongest earthquakes that could have caused much damage
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4) is claimed to have been predicted, a claim with which not all scientists actually agree
باید زلزله هایچنگ رو در متن پیدا کرده و می بینیم که در سطر 6 7پاراگراف 7دوم در مورد 7آن ص77حبت ک77رده و
از آن به عنوان یک مثال یاد می کند ،پس باید از ابتدای جمله قبل از آن شروع به خواندن کنیم تا ببینیم برای چه
چیزی مثال آورده است.
پیش بینی های قابل مالحظه ای در مورد زمین لرزه های بزرگ اتفاق نیفتاده است و معدود ادعاهای م وفقیت
در این خصوص توسط همه دانشمندان پذیرفته نشده اس ت .ب ه عن وان مث ال ،مش هورترین ادع ای ی ک پیش
بینی موفق مربوط به زمین لرزه هایچنگ در سال 1975است.
از معنی جمله به راحتی می توان فهمید که نویسنده از زلزله هایچنگ در سال 1975به عنوان مثالی برای یک
ادعای پیش بینی موفقیت آمیز زلزله استفاده نموده که همه دانشمندان با آن موافق نیستند7.
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96 تجربی: 2 مثال
One of the most important decisions at the time when people grow up and become
adults is what job or career to choose. However, with so many possibilities to choose
from, this decision is often a difficult one to make. In addition, there are many factors
that may influence an individual in the choice of a career and some of these may be
conflicting. For example, family pressure, the potential for earning money, and one’s
own personal interest may all be factors that pull an individual in three different
directions when trying to decide what career path to follow.
Although it is often stated that by the time a person is a young adult they will know
what they want to "do with their life,” in fact, the process of finding a career may
take a long time. It is not uncommon for an individual to try more than one career
before finding the one that leads to job satisfaction.
Clearly young adulthood is a period of stress, It is a time for raising a family, finding
and maintaining the “right” job, and keeping a balance among self, family, job, and
society at large. It is a period of life that requires great energy. Fortunately, in terms
of physical development, we are at something of a peak during our 20s and 30s.
As Levinson (1986) has stated, “early adulthood is the era of greatest energy and
abundance and of greatest contradiction and stress.”
34. Why does the author mention “family pressure, the potential for earning
money, and one's own personal Interest,” In paragraph 1?
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.34چرا نویسنده در پاراگراف 1از "فشار خانواده ،پتانسیل درآمدزایی و منافع شخصی فرد" یاد کرده
است؟
)1برای ارائه مثال در مورد مسئولیت های بزرگساالن
)2برای توضیح اینکه چرا بزرگساالن نیاز به انتخاب شغل دارند
)3معرفی برخی 7از عواملی که در انتخاب شغلی بزرگساالن تأثیر می گذارد
)4برای بحث در مورد تأثیرات مثبت و منفی هر انتخاب شغلی
Outdoor cats are active both day and night, although they tend to be slightly more
active at night. The timing of cats’ activity is quite flexible and varied, which means
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house cats may be more active in the morning and evening, as a response to greater
human activity at these times. Although they spend the majority of their time in the
vicinity of their home, house cats can range many hundreds of meters from this
central point, and are known to establish territories that vary considerably in size, in
one study ranging from 7 to 28 hectares (17-49 acres).
Cats save energy by sleeping more than most animals, especially as they grow
older. The daily duration of sleep varies, usually between 12 and 16 hours, with 13
and 14 being the average. Some cats can sleep as much as 20 hours. The term “cat
nap” for a short rest refers to the cat's tendency to fall asleep (lightly) for a brief
period. While asleep, cats experience short periods of rapid eye movement sleep
often accompanied by muscle twitches, which suggests they are dreaming.
35. The author refers to house cats (line 3) in paragraph 1 mainly in order to…..
1) illustrate the fact that the timing of cats’ activity is quite flexible and varied
2) emphasize the difference in activity time between outdoor cats and house cats
3) provide evidence in support of the statement that not all cats tend to be more
active at night
4) show that cats living among human beings are likely to be more active than those
that live alone
...... اشاره می کند تا1 ) در پاراگراف3 نویسنده به طور عمده به گربه های خانگی (خط.35
) این واقعیت را نشان دهد که زمان فعالیت گربه ها کامالً انعطاف پذیر و متغیر است1
) بر تفاوت زمان فعالیت بین گربه های فضای باز و گربه های خانگی تأکید کند2
) شواهدی در حمایت از این موضوع ارائه دهد که همه گربه ها تمایل به فعالیت در شب ندارند3
،) نشان دهد كه گربه هایی كه در بین انسان ها زندگی می كنند احتماالً نسبت به گربه هایی كه تنها زندگی می كنند4
فعال تر هستند
1 گزینه:جواب
: انعطاف پذیر بودن زمان فعالیت گربه ها صحبت شده7 دوم و سوم پاراگراف اول در مورد7در سطرهای
ب ه این مع نی ک ه گرب ه ه ای خ انگی ممکن اس ت در، زمان فعالیت گربه ها کامالً انعطاف پذیر و متنوع است
. به عنوان یک پاسخ به فعالیت بیشتر انسان در این زمان ها، صبح و عصر فعالیت بیشتری داشته باشند
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