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fie
e hf
hfrb
rb,,

bivordi
bivordijbi
jbitt fi
fie
e rbs
rbsdu
durhb
rhbs,
s, bhd
bhdid
idjoh
joh fie
fie ku
kusoi
soibss
bss,, tb
tbhci
hcid`d
d`day
ay fi
fie 
e 
Oiidvftodi,sbrtfpd`otohfieebjdhrfhy.Qdr`eBhdidjohLdruj(QBL)
(;7;6) muaffjko`kfaofief`fjjbiafif`osostfitfiafia`dkf`yfia
fnfieocfefpoyfotufefiyf
fnfieocfefpo yfotufefiyfsbrfiafihykbr,
sbrfiafi
sbrfiafihykbr
hykbr,, pbrukfcfion`ojsbhfrf
pbr
pbrukfc
ukfcfi
fion`oj
on`oj sbhfrf
a`dkf`, nbtoj
a`dkf`, nbtojpfia
pfiafi
fi eoaot
eoaotf`osf
f`osfso,
so, nb
nbafaf`fi
nbafa
nbaf
afaf`f
af`fi
f`fi
i on`
oon`oj,
n`oj,
oj, fe
fefiy
fef
fiyf
iyf
f sbimftf
sb
sbimf
imftf
tf
pbju
pbjusif
sifc
c jf
jfsf
sf`,
`, nro
nrosos
sos jf
jftf
tf pbihf
pbihfcf
cfrof
rofi
i pb
pbiyf
iyfnot
not jbiu`
jbiu`fr
fr , sb
sbrtf
rtf
nbrusfnfi`oianuiafiyfiaeofnokftnfijfiusof.

6
 

Nd`fkdrftol


Eokf
Eokf`o
`on
n kb
kbrk
rkfa
fafo
fo tf
tfit
itfi
fiaf
afi
i yfia
yfia eocf
eocfef
efpo
po eo
eo ftfs
ftfs,
, kord
kordnr
nrfs
fsoo
Oiedibsofjfsoceocfefpnfipfeflrfajbitfsoefi so`djbitf`oty.Cf`
.Cf`
tbrsbkutd`bcHfoebi(;77?)eofiaafpsbkfafopftd`daokordnrfso.Ubdro
tbrsbkutd`bcHfoebi(;77?)eofiaafpsbkfafopf td`daokordnrfso.Ubdro

pfrfkd`ohyfiaeonbif`nfid`bchfoebi(;77?),jbiauianfpnfikfcwf
pftd`daokordnrfsojuihu`nfrbifkordnrftosfsotb`fcjb`fjpuokftfs
dpto
dptojf
jf`i
`iyf
yf.. Ld
Ldrj
rjf`
f`os
osfs
fso,
o, co
cobr
brfr
frnc
nco,
o, oj
ojpf
pfrs
rsdi
dif`
f`,, sb
sbrt
rtf
f sp
spbs
bsof
of`o
`osf
sfso
so,,
jbrupf
jbrupfnfi
nfib`bj
b`bjbi
biefr
efro
okordn
kordnrfs
rfso
owbkb
wbkbrofi
rofi yfia
yfiafpf
fpfko`feotbrfp
ko`feotbrfpnfi
nfi
pfefkftfsdptojf`iyffnfijbihoptfnfinbtbrfturfi.Ifjui,fpfko`f
jb`fjpuokftfsdptojf`iyffnfijbihoptfnfikordnrfsoyfia`fjkft 
efijbjuihu`nfikbrkfaf
efijbjuihu`nfikbrkfafopftd`daokordnrfso.
opftd`daokordnrfso.
Nd`fkdrfsonbjueofijbimfeosd`usoefrokbrkfafolrfajbitfsoefi so`d

jbitf`oty.. Jdeu`
Jdeu` oio cf
cfeor
eor uitun
uitun jbjkb
jbjkbron
ronfi
fi pbi
pbiabt
abtfc
fcuf
ufi
i tbitfi
tbitfia
a
nd`fkd
nd`fkdrf
rfso
so ncus
ncusuiy
uiyf
f eo kordnr
kordnrfs
fso
o pb
pbjbr
jbroit
oitfc
fc.. Oitb
Oitbrif
rif`os
`osfso
fso jf
jftbr
tbroo
yfiafefef`fjjdeu`oioeocfrfpnfiefpftjbjkbitunnfrfntbrFXI
yfiafefef`fjjdeu`oioeocfrfpnfiefpftjbjkb itunnfrfntbrFXI
yfiand`fkdrftol.Lrfajbitfsoefiso`djbitf`otyyfiajbimfeoojfab
ibaf
ibafto
tol
l ef
efrro ko
korrdn
dnrf
rfsso pbjbr
broi
oitf
tfc
c pfe
fef
f fncoriy
oriyf
f efpft
ft eon
onon
onos
os..
Kordnrfsofnfikbreoroe
Kordnrfsofnfikbreoroebiafitbafnef
biafitbafnef`fjjbiftfptf
`fjjbiftfptfitfiafia`dkf`.
itfiafia`dkf`.

K. UumufiWbjkb`fmfrfi

Uumufi
Uumufi efro
efro pb
pbjk
jkb`
b`fm
fmfr
frfi
fi oi
oio
o uitu
uitun
n jbjk
jbjkbi bitu
tun
n nd
ndjp
jpbt
btbi
biso
so
efsfr HWI
WIX
X tbrnfot pb`fnsfiffi nd`f d`fkdrfso. Xbtb`fc jbiaonuto
pbjkb`fmfrfi,pbsbrtfeocfrfpnfiefpftjbjo`onopbiabtfcufisbrtf
jfjpujbjkfiauind`fkdrfs
jfjpujbjkfiauind`fkdrfsouitunjbieu
ouitunjbieunuiatumufidrafios
nuiatumufidrafiosfso.
fso.
Oieonftdr
Oieonftdr cfs
cfso`
o` kb`fmfr
kb`fmfref`f
ef`fj
j pbjkb`fm
pbjkb`fmfrf
frfi
i fef
fef`fc
`fceocf
eocfrfp
rfpnfi
nfi
pbsbrtfefpft=
f. Jbimb`fsnfi kbrkfafo ndisbp nd`fkdrfso, hd``fkdrftovb

,sbrtf Qcd`bdlAdvbrijbit> efi

advbrifihb,sbrtf
advbrifihb
k.Efpftjbiafif`ososprfntonn
k.Efpftjbiafif `ososprfntonnd`fkdrfsoeodraf
d`fkdrfsoeodrafiosfsopbjbr
iosfsopbjbroitfc
oitfc

;
 

Nd`fkdrftol


H. Jbtded`daoWbjkb`fmfrfi
Jbtded`daopbjkb`fmfrfief`fjjdeu`oiotbreoroefrohbrfjfc

efi eos
efi eosnus
nuso.
o. Hb
Hbrf
rfjfc
jfc eoc
eocfr
frfpn
fpnfi
fi ef
efpft
pft jb
jbjkb
jkbron
ronfi
fi pb
pbiab
iabtfc
tfcuf
ufi
i
yfia
yfia ndjp
ndjprb
rbcb
cbis
isol
ol tbit
tbitfi
fia
a nd`f
nd`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so pb
pbjb
jbro
roit
itfc
fc.
. Eo
Eosn
snus
uso
o fnfi
fnfi
jbjkfwf
jbjkfwf pfe
pfef
fprds
prdsbspbjkb`f
bspbjkb`fmfrf
mfrfi
ieuffrfc.Wrdsbstbrsbku
euffrfc.Wrdsbstbrsbkut
tmuaf
muaf
kosf
kosf eoa
eoauif
uifnf
nfi
i uit
uitun
un jb
jb`ft
`ftoc
oc pb
pbsb
sbrtf
rtf uit
uitun
un efpft
efpft jb
jbiyf
iyfjp
jpfon
fonfi
fi
cfso`fif`osostbrcfefp
cfso`fif`osostbrcfefpprfnton-pr
prfnton-prfntonnd`fkdrf
fntonnd`fkdrfsopbjbroitfc
sopbjbroitfc..

E. NbaoftfiWbjkb`fmfrfi
Nbaof
Nbaoftf
tfi
i pb
pbjk
jkb`
b`fm
fmfr
frfi
fi ef
ef`f
`fj
j jdeu
jdeu`
` oi
oio
o jb
jbia
iaau
auif
ifnf
nfi
i st
stue
ueoo
nfsu
nfsus.
s. Wb
Wbsb
sbrt
rtf
f eo
eocf
cfrf
rfpn
pnfi
fi ef
efpf
pft
t jb
jbia
iafi
fif`
f`os
osos
os kbrk
kbrkfa
fafo
fo pr
prfn
fnto
ton-
n-
prfntonnd`fkdrfsoeodrafios
prfntonnd`fkdrfsoeodrafiosfsopbjbr
fsopbjbroitfc.
oitfc.

B. XostbjftonfJdeu`
Jftbroef`fjjdeu`oiotbreoroefroeufjftbropdnyfotu=(6)
ndis
ndisbp
bp nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so,, ef
efi
i (;
(;)
) prfn
prfnto
ton
n efi
efi fs
fspb
pbn
n idrjf
idrjfto
tol
l nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so
pbjbroitfc.Xostbjftonf
pbjbroitfc.Xostbjftonfef`fjjdeu
ef`fjjdeu`oiofef`fcsbkf
`oiofef`fcsbkfafokbronut=
afokbronut=
KFKO
KFKO W
Wbiefcu`ufi
biefcu`ufi

F. EbsnropsoXoianft 

K. UumufiWbjkb`fmfrfi
H. Jbtded`daoWbjkb`fmfrfi
E. NbaoftfiWbjkb`fmfrfi

B. XostbjftonfJdeu`
KFKOO
KFKOO N
NdisbpNd`fkdrfso
disbpNd`fkdrfso

F. EbloiosoNd`fkdrfso

8
 

Nd`fkdrftol


K. Nd`fkdrfsoWbj
Nd`fkdrfsoWbjbroitfcfi(Hd``fkdr
broitfcfi(Hd``fkdrftovbAdvbrifihb
ftovbAdvbrifihb))

H. Qcd`bdlAdvbrijbit(QdA)>NdianrbtosfsoNd`fkdrfso
(QdA)>NdianrbtosfsoNd`fkdrfso
Wbjbroitfcfi
KFKOOO
KFKOOO W
Wrfntonefi
rfntonefiFspbn
 FspbnIdrjftol
 FspbnIdrjf
IdrjftolNd`fkdrfso
tolNd`fkdrfsoWbjbroitfc
Wbjbroitfc

F. WfieufiWbro`fnuNd`fkdrftol 
K. Nd`fkdrftolef`f
Nd`fkdrftolef`fjNditbnsDrafios
jNditbnsDrafiosfsoWbjbroitfc
fsoWbjbroitfc

H. Kbkbrfpf
KbkbrfpfFspbnIdrjftolNd`fkdr
FspbnIdrjftolNd`fkdrfsoWbjbroitfcf
fsoWbjbroitfcfi
i

E. Xtueonfsusnd`fkdrftol 

5
 

Nd`fkdrftol


KFKOO
NDIXBWND@FKD[FXO

Xuk-
Xuk-kf
kfk
k oi
oio
o jb
jbim
imb`
b`fs
fsnf
nfi
i nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so ef
efro
ro fs
fspb
pbn
n ndis
ndisbp
bptu
tuf`
f`..
Hd``
Hd``fk
fkdr
drft
ftov
ovb,
b, hd
hd``
``fk
fkdr
drft
ftov
ovb
b ad
advb
vbri
rifi
fihb
hb,, efi
efi Wb
Wbie
iebn
bnft
ftfi
fi Qc
Qcd`
d`b
b dl 
jbimfeoeufndisbpyfiahdkfeokfcfsju`foefro
Advbrijbit(QdA)jbimfeoeufndisbpyfiahdkfeokfcfsju`foefro
Advbrijbit(QdA)
ebloiosokbsbrtfeosnurs
ebloiosokbsbrtfeosnursusiyf,sbrtf
usiyf,sbrtfjdeb`ef`fj
jdeb`ef`fjndisbptbrsb
ndisbptbrsbkut.
kut.
F. EbloiosoNd`fkdrfso
Kbrnfotf
Kbrnfotfi
i ebiafi
ebiafi eblo
ebloioso,
ioso,fnf
fnfi
i eomb`fsn
eomb`fsnfi
fi jbiab
jbiabifo
ifo kbkb
kbkbrfp
rfpf
f
eblo
ebloio
ioso
so nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so efi
efi hd``f
hd``fkdrf
kdrftovb
tovb advb
advbrifihb. Ey
rifihb. Eyb
br fi
fie
e Xoi
oiac
ac
(6??3
(6??3,, ef`
ef`fj
fj Hb
Hb`on
`on bt f`,
f`, ;7
;76?)
6?) jb
jbiau
iauian
ianfp
fpnf
nfi
i kfc
kfcwf
wf nd`
nd`fkd
fkdrf
rfso
so

fef`fc ‐  vf`ubabibrftbelrdjfif``ofihbkbtwbbitwddrjdrblorjs
ebvb`dpoiascfrberdutoibs ‚.
fojoiatdkbhdjbjdrbhdjpbtotovbkyebvb`dpoiascfrberdutoibs
fojoiatdkbhdjbjdrbhdjpbtotovbky

XbefianfiArfy(6?3?)j
XbefianfiArfy(6?3?)jbiauianfpnf
biauianfpnfikfcwf=
ikfcwf=

Hd``fkdrftodiosfprdhbsstcduacwcohcpfrtobswotc
eollbrbit  bxpbrtosb,
, wc
wcd
d sb
sbb
b eollb
eollbrbit
eollbr
eollbrbi
rbit
bit
t fs
fspbhts
fspbh
fspb
pbhts
hts
ts dl
dl f
prdk`bj,
prdk
prdk`bj,
`bj, hfi hdis
hdistruh
hdistruhtovb`y
hdistruhtovb
truhtovb`
tovb`y
`y
y bxp`drb eollbrbihbs
eollbrbihbsfie 
fie 
loieidvb`sd`utodistdpr 
loieidvb` sd`utodistdprdk`bjstcft
dk`bjstcftwdu`ecfvb
wdu`ecfvbkbbikbbi

jdrbeollohu`ttdsd`vb wotcduttcbdtcbr‟s
wotcduttcbdtcbr‟spbrspbhtovb
 pbrspbhtovb
(Arfy,6?3?).
@oie
@oiebn
bnb
b fi
fie
e Xo
Xobh
bhnb
nbrt
rt (;77
(;772)
2) jb
jbia
iaui
uian
anfp
fpnf
nfi
i kf
kfcw
cwf
f nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so
fef`fc=

Hd``fkdrftodiosfhdjp`bxprdhbss,wcohcebjfies
p`fiibe,oitbitodif`nidw`beabscfroia
p`fiibe,oitbitodif` nidw`beabscfroiatcftkbhdjbs
tcftkbhdjbs
tcb rbspdisoko`oty
rbspdisoko`otydlf``pfrtobs(@oiebnbfieXobhnbrt,
dlf``pfrtobs(@oiebnbfieXobhnbrt,
;772).

2
 

Nd`fkdrftol


K. Nd`fkdrfsoWbjbroitfcfi(Hd``fkdrftovbAdvbrifihb
Nd`fkdrfsoWbjbroitfcfi( Hd``fkdrftovbAdvbrifihb))
Hd``fkdrftovbAdvbrifihb
Xb`f
Xb`foi
oi eo
eosn
snur
ursu
sus
s tbit
tbitfi
fia
a eb
eblo
loio
ioso
so nd`f
nd`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so,, tbre
tbrefp
fpft
ft os
osto
to`f
`fc
c
`foi
`foiiy
iyf
f yf
yfia
ia muaf
muaf pb
pbr`
r`u
u eo
eomb
mb`f
`fsn
snfi
fi yfot
yfotu
u hd``f
hd``fkdrf
kdrftovb
tovb advb
advbrifi
rifihb.
hb.

Orfwfi(;761W<)jbiauianfpnfikfcwf‐ Hd``fkdrftovbadvbrifihb
‐sbkfafosbkufcprdsbsyfiajb`okftnfiidrjfkbrsfjfefioitbrfnso
sf`oiajbiauituianfifitfrfntdr advbrifihb .
Fisb
Fisbi
i ef
efi
i afsc
afsc (;76
(;76;)
;) jb
jbia
iaui
uian
anfp
fpnf
nfi
i kf
kfcw
cwf
f hd``fkdrftovb
fef`fc=
advbrifihbfef`fc=
advbrifihb

F advbrioia
advb
advbrioi
rioiaa frrfiabj
frrfiabjbit
bit wcbrb
wcbrb dib
dib
di b dr jdrb
jdrb
jdrb puk`oh
puk`
puk`ohoh
fabihobs
fabi hobs eorbh
eorbht`y
t`y bia
biafab
fab idi
idi-stf
-stftb
tb stf
stfnbcd
nbcd`ebr
`ebrs
s oi f
hd``
hd ``bh
bhto
tovb
vb eb
ebhohoso
sodi
di-j
-jfn
fnoi
oia
a pr
prdh
dhbs
bss
s tcft
tcft os
os ld
ldrj
rjf`f`,,
hdisbisus-drobitbe,fieeb`okbrftovbfietcftfojstd
jfnb
jf nb dr
dr oj
ojp`b
p`bjb
jbit
it pu
puk`
k`oh
oh pd
pd`o
`ohy
hy dr
dr jf
jfif
ifab
ab pu
puk`
k`oh
oh
prdarfjsdrfssbts.

Hd``
Hd``fk
fkdr
drft
ftov
ovb
b ad
advb
vbri
rifihb ef`fj frtofi sbjpot jbrupfnfi
fihb
nb`djpdn fntdr efi luiaso. Fisb`` efi Afsc F(;771=22?),
jbiyftfnfi Hd``fkdrftovb
Hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb jbih
jbihfnu
fnup
p nbj
nbjotrf
otrffi
fi oisto
oistotuso
tuso
pbjbroitfcuitunpb`fyfifipuk`on.Xbkufcpbiebnftfipbiafjko`fi
pbjbroitfcuitunpb`fyfifipuk`on.Xbkufcpbiebnftfip biafjko`fi
nbputus
nbputusfi,
fi, tftf
tftf nb`d`
nb`d`f
f nd`f
nd`fkdrft
kdrftol,
ol, sbr
sbrfianf
fianfofi
ofi fntov
fntovotfs
otfs kbrs
kbrsfjf
fjf eo

jfif
jfif jotr
jotrf
f sf
sf`o
`oia
ia jb
jbia
iacf
cfso
so`n
`nfi
fi tumu
tumufi
fi efi
efi st
strf
rftb
tbao
ao ef
efi
i kb
kbrk
rkfa
faoo
tfiaauiamfwfkefisujkbrefyf(EfvobsF`tcbf@[bcbjfJ.Qcotb,
;76;
;7
;76;).
6;).
). Nd
Nd`f
Nd`fkdrfsomuaf
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
somu
muaf
af sb
sbro
sbroia
roi
oia
ia
a eo
eonf
nftf
tfnf
nfi
i jb
jb`op
jb`o
`oput
`opu
puto
uto
to
o ssbaf
sb
baf`f
af`f f
fspbn 
spbn 
pbia
pbiafj
fjko
ko`f
`fi
i nb
nbpu
putu
tusf
sfi,
i, oj
ojp`
p`bj
bjbi
bitf
tfso
so sfjp
sfjpfo
fo bv
bvf`
f`uf
ufso
so.
. Kbrk
Kbrkbe
bef
f
ebiafikbitunnd`fkdrfso`foiiyfftfuoitbrfnsostfnbcd`ebrskfcwf
drafiosfso `foi efi oieovoeu kbrpbrfi sbkfaf
afoo kfaofi strftbao
nbkomfnfi, hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb jbi
hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb jbibn
bnfin
finfi
fi sbju
sbjuf
f fsp
fspbn
bn yfi
yfia
a
jbjo`ono nbpbitoia
iaf
fi ef`fj nbkomfnfi jbjkuft pbrsbtumufi

<
 

Nd`fkdrftol


kbrsfjfebiafi‐kbrkfaonbnuftfi‚.(Ufy`dKrbitfie[dkH.eb@db,
;76;).
Fisb`efiAfsc(;771=255)jbjkfiauibifjnrotbrofpbitoia

uitunnd`fkdrfsoyfotu=
6) ldrujyfiaeoprf
ldrujyfiaeoprfnfrsfod`bc
nfrsfod`bc`bjkfafpuk`on
`bjkfafpuk`onftfu`bjkfaf>
ftfu`bjkfaf>
;) pbsbrtfef`fjldrujtbrjfsunfntdr idistftb
idistftb>>
8) pb
pbsb
sbrt
rtf
f tbr`
tbr`ok
okft
ft `fia
`fiasu
suia
ia ef`f
ef`fj
j pb
pbia
iafj
fjko
ko`f
`fi
i nb
nbpu
putu
tusf
sfi
i ef
efi
i
kunficfiyf'–eondisu`tfsonfi‟d`bcfabiso puk`on>
5) ldrujsbhfrfrbsjoeofturefikbrtbjusbhfrfnd`bntol>
2) ldrujoiokbrtumufiuitunjbjkuftnbputusfi
ldrujoiokbrtumufiuitunjbjkuftnbputusfiebiafindisbisus
ebiafindisbisus
(kfcnfimonfndisbisustoefn
(kfcnfimonfndisbisustoefntbrhfpfoe
tbrhfpfoef`fjprfn
f`fjprfnton),efi
ton),efi
<) ldnusnd`fkdrf
ldnusnd`fkdrfsofef`fcn
sofef`fcnbkomfnfipuk`onf
bkomfnfipuk`onftfujfifmbj
tfujfifmbjbi.
bi.
Uftfnb`d`fnd`fkdrftolfefeokbrkfafotoianftpbjbroitfcfi,eo
sb`u
sb`uru
ruc
c sb
sbnt
ntdr
dr pu
puk`o
k`on
n ef
efi
i swfs
swfstf
tf,, ef
efi
i ef
ef`f
`fj
j pb`f
pb`fyf
yfif
ifi
i kb
kbrk
rkfa
fafo
fo
nbkomfnfi(Acdsb;772>Ef
nbkomfnfi(Acdsb;772>EfvobsefiQcotb;
vobsefiQcotb;76;>Bjbr
76;>Bjbrsdibtf`.;76;
sdibtf`.;76;).
).
Eosoio tftf
tf nb`d`f nd`fkdrftol `bkoc jbief`fj pb`okftfi
tfi fntdr
nbko
nbkomf
mfnf
nfi
i pd
pdtb
tbis
isof
of`
` ebia
ebiafi
fi jbio
jbioia
iaaf
af`n
`nfi
fi jb
jbst
stru
runt
ntur
ur nbko
nbkomf
mfnf
nfi
i
trfeosodi
trfeosodif`.
f`. Jftf
Jftfrfnf
rfnft
t efi ndjuiotfs
ndjuiotfs eofia
eofiaafp
afp `fyfn
`fyfn uitun
uitun oidvfso
oidvfso

nbkomfnfi,ndjuiotfsyfiasbroianf`onbco`fiaficfnftfutbrosd`fso
efropbrebkftfinbkomfnfieoedrdiauitunkbrpfrtosopfsoefieocfrafo
kfc
kfcnfi eo
eop
pfie
ief
fia
ia sbkf
kfaf
afo
o jbifj
ifjkfc
kfc wfwfsfsfi
i eofai
ofaids
dsto
ton
n efi
pbiadkftfinrotos(Efvobse
pbiadkftfinrotos(EfvobsefiQcotb;
fiQcotb;76;).
76;).
Ndieos
Ndieoso
o oio
oio fnfi
fnfi ju
juian
ianoi
oi ko`
ko`f
f eoe
eoeun
unuia
uia nbp
nbpbj
bjojp
ojpoif
oifi
i yfi
yfia
a
nuft (Qbkbr ;77?). Ufpo, eo soio muaf, toefn sbjkfrfia afyf
nbpbjoj
nbpbjojpoifi
poifi kosfeoauif
kosfeoauifnfi.Jbrbn
nfi.Jbrbnf
fyfiajbjojp
yfiajbjojpoi
oicfru
cfrus
skfnf
kfnft 
t 
efi nbtbrfjpo`fi yfia `bko
koc
c ndjp`bn
`bns efropfef jbrbnf yfia
jbjojpoibitotfstdp-edwi."Nbp
jbjojpoibitotfstdp-edwi."Nbpbjojpoifilfs
bjojpoifilfso`otftol"jbiafieuia
o`otftol"jbiafieuia
pbrkbeffituafsefinbwfmokfi(KussuefiKfrtb`s,;766).

1
 

Nd`fkdrftol


Wbjojpoilfso`otftoltbrutfjfjb
Wbjojpoilfso`otftoltbrutfjfjbjbitoianfipbjkf
jbitoianfipbjkfiauifiefi
iauifiefi
pbjb`ocfrfficukuiafi.Wbjojpoief`fjnditbnsnd`fkdrftolldnus
pfef
pfef pb
pbrb
rbnr
nrut
utfi
fi pbrw
pbrwfn
fno`
o`fi
fi yfia
yfia tbpf
tbpft,
t, jb
jbjk
jkfi
fitu
tu jb
jbju
ju`o
`ocn
cnfi
fi
nbtbafiafiyfiajuianoifefeofitfrfjotrf,jbjprdjdsonfieof
nbtbafiafiyfiajuianoifefeofitfrfjotrf,jbjprdjdsonfieof`da
`da
yfiablbntolefisf`oiajbiacdrjftofitfrfpbjfianunbpbitoiafi
efi jbimfaf rbputfso nd`fkdrftol eo fitfrf pfrf pbsbrtf efi
pbieunuiaiyf.Oiofef`fctuafspbjojpoilfso`otftol,uitunjbimfaf
`bao
`baoto
tojf
jfso
so ef
efi
i nr
nrbe
beok
oko`
o`ot
otfs
fs nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfto
tol
l fitf
fitfrf
rf jo
jotr
trf.
f. Ritu
Ri
6 tun
n ot
otu
u,
pbjojpoi lfso`otftol
ol cfrus jbjkfitu jotrf to
toe
efn cfiyf
yf uitun 
jbrfihfiastrftbaouitunjbihfpfoyfiasukstfitolndisbisustbtfpo
muafuitunjbiaoebitolonfsokfafojfifjbiab`d`fnd`fkdrftol.Wbrfi
pbitoiaiyf
pbitoiaiyf cfr
cfrus
us jfjpu
jfjpu n`fr
n`frolonf
olonftol,
tol, jbjk
jbjkfiaui
fiaui trfi
trfispfr
spfrfiso
fiso efi
jbiyusu
jbiyusui
i strf
strftbao
tbaokbrn
kbrnb`fi
b`fimutfi
mutfi uitu
uitun
n bvf`ufs
bvf`ufso
o efijbiyb
efi jbiyb`bsf
`bsfonfi
onfi
nbtoefnsbsufofieofitfrfpbjfianu nbpbitoiaf
nbpbitoiafi.
nbpbitoiafi.

Wfef hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb pb

hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb pbjo`
jo`ocf
ocfi
i nbp
nbpbj
bjojp
ojpoif
oifi
i cfru
cfruss
tbpftyfiajfjpujbjkfitujbiafrfcnfind`fkdrftolebiafihfrf
yfia
yfia fnfi
fnfi jbjp
jbjpbr
brtf
tfcf
cfin
infi
fi tf
tftf
tf nb`d`
nb`d`f
f st
stun
untu
tur
r cd
cdro
rozd
zditf
itf`
` sf
sfjk
jko`
o`
jbiedrdiapbjkfiauificukuiafiefipbjkbitunfioeb.Xb`foiotu,

Nd`fkd
Nd`fkdrf
rftol
tol cf
cfru
rus
s jbj
jbjkbr
kbronf
onfi
i nbsb
nbsbjpf
jpftfi
tfi nb
nbpfe
pfef
f kbr
kbrkfa
kfafo
fo poc
pocfn 
fn 
uitun kbrnditrokuso, tbrkunf ef`fj kbnbrmf sfjf ef`fj
jbiacfso`nfiio`fotfjkfc,sbrtfjbiaabrfnfipbjfilfftfikbrkfafo
sujkbrefyfuituntumufikbrsfjf

6KfjkfiaNuskfieromd,Ef`fjtu`osfiiyftbitfia   hd``fkdrftovb 

advbrifihb cttps
cttps=//p
=//puk`on
uk`on.uit
.uitfa-sk
fa-sky.fh
y.fh.oe/k
.oe/kbrotf
brotf-1<-f
-1<-fpf-o
pf-otu-
tu-
hd``fkdrftovb-advbrifihb-.ctj`.

3
 

Nd`fkdrftol


[ftibr
[ftibr (;76
(;76;)
;) jbia
jbiauianf
uianfpnf
pnfi
i tbre
tbrefpf
fpft
t jbiau
jbiauianfp
ianfpnfi
nfi toaf
tfcfpfiyfiaefpfteo`fnunfief`fjjb`fnunfifssbssjbittbrcfefp
tftfnb`d`fnd`fkdrfsoyfotu=
6) jbiaoebitolonfsop
jbiaoebitolonfsopbrjfsf`f
brjfsf`fcfiefipb`u
cfiefipb`ufia>
fia>
;) jbrbihfif
jbrbihfifnfifnsond`f
nfifnsond`fkdrfso>efi
kdrfso>efi
8) jbieosnusonfistrftbaouitunjbjpbiafruco.
Cf`tbrsbkutefpfteo`ocftp
Cf`tbrsbkutefpfteo`ocftpfefafjkfr
fefafjkfrkbronutoio.
kbronutoio.

AfjkfrNbrfianfWonoref`fjjb`fnunfiFssbssjbitUftfNb`d`f
Nd`fkdrfso

Fisbi efi Afsc ;76; p 227) jbimb`fsnfi tbrnfot jdeb`

hd``fkdrftovb vbrifihb.
advbr Jbiurutiyf stfrtoia hdieotodi
jbjpbiafrucoprdsbsnd`fkdrfsoyfiatbrmfeo,eojfifprdsbstbrsbkut 
tbreoro efro jbjkf
kfi
iaui nbpbrhfyffi, lfhb
lfhb td  lfhb eof`daub,,
lfhb eof`daub
hdjjotjb
hdjjotjbit
it td prdhbss, pb
prdhbss
ss, pbjfc
jfcfj
fjfi
fi kbr
kbrsf
sfjf
jf,, sbr
sbrtf
tf pbiaf
pbiafjkf
jkfiaf
iafi
i

duthdjb fi
duthdjb fitf
tfrrf. Eb
Ebsf
sfoi
oi nb
nb`b
`bjk
jkfa
faff
ffi
i yf
yfia
ia sf`f
sf`fc
c sf
sftu
tuiy
iyf
f pr
prds
dsbs
bs
trfispf
trfispfrfis
rfiso
osbr
sbrtf
tflfntd
lfntdr
rnbp
nbpbjoj
bjojpoif
poifi
i muaf
muaf jbjp
jbjpbiaf
biafruco
ruco prds
prdsbs
bs

?
 

Nd`fkdrftol


nd`fkdrfsoyfiaeocfrfpnfijbiacfso`nfiduthdjb
nd`fkdrfsoyfiaeocfrfpnfijbiacfso`nfiduthdjb yfiaeocfrfpnfi.
Cf`tbrsbkuteoo`ustrfson
Cf`tbrsbkuteoo`ustrfsonfief`fjafj
fief`fjafjkfrkbronutoio.
kfrkbronutoio.

Afjkfr;.Jdeb` Hd``fkdrftovbAdvbrifihb
Xujkbr=Fisbiefiafsc(;7
Xujkbr=Fisbiefiafsc(;76;p227)
6;p227)

H. Qcd`
d`b
b dl Adv
dvbr
brij
ijbi
bit
t (QdA
(QdA)>
)> Nd
Ndia
ianr
nrbt
btos
osfs
fso
o Nd
Nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so
Wbjbroitfcfi
6) Jbiabif` Qcd`b-dl-Advbrijbit(QdA)
Qcd`b-dl-Advbrijbit(QdA)
QdA fef`fc sbkufc pbiebnftfi pbiyb`biaafrffi
pbjbroitfcfi yfia jbiyftunfi upfyf-u
-up
pfyf nd`f
d`fkdrftol 

pbjb
pbjbro
roit
itfc
fcfi
fi ef
efro
ro nbsb
nbsb`u
`uru
rucf
cfi
i sb
sbnt
ntdr
dr ef
ef`f
`fj
j ru
rufi
fia
a `oia
`oianu
nup
p
nddreoifso yfia `bkoc `ufs auifif jbihfpfo tumufi-i- tumufi
pbjkf
pbjkfiau
iauifi
ifi nb
nbkom
komfn
fnfi,
fi, jf
jfifm
ifmbjb
bjbii pr
prdar
darfj
fj ef
efi
i pb`
pb`fyf
fyfifi
ifi
puk`on
puk`on.. D`b
D`bc
c nfr
nfrbif
bifiyf
iyf QdA
QdA mua
muaf
f eon
eonbif
bif`
` sbk
sbkfaf
fafo
o pbi
pbieb
ebnf
nftfi
tfi
oitbrfabihy, yfotu pbiebnftfi yfia jb`okftnfi sbmuj`fc
nb`bjkfaffiyfiatbrnfotebiafiurusf
nb`bjkfaffiyfiatbrnfotebiafiurusfi-urusfiyfiarb`bvf
i-urusfiyfiarb`bvfi.
i.
Wbiebnf
WbiebnftfiQdAoio
tfiQdAoiosue
suefceonbif
fceonbif`efi
`efi`fjf
`fjf kbrn
kbrnbjkf
bjkfia
ia
tbrutfjfeoibafrf-ibafrfFia`d-Xfxdi
tbrutfjfeoibafrf-ibafrf Fia`d-Xfxdi sbpbrtoOiaaros,Fustrf
sbpbrtoOiaaros,Fustrf`of
`of
efi Xb`fieof Kfru. Eo Oiaaros, josf`iyf, oeb QdA ef`fj
jbiaoitbarfsonfisbntdr-sbntdrnbef`fjsftuhfrfpfiefiaefi
jbiaoitbarfsonfisbntdr-sb ntdrnbef`fjsftuhfrfpfiefiaefi

67
 

Nd`fkdrftol


sostbjsuefceoju`fos
sostbjsuefceoju`fosbmfnpbjb
bmfnpbjbroitfcfiWfrtfoK
roitfcfiWfrtfoKuruciyfUdiy
uruciyfUdiy
K`forpfef
K`for pfef tfcui 6??7-fi ebia
iaf
fi
i ab
abrf
rfn
rfnf
nfi
nfi jd
jdeb
jdebriosfso
ebri
rios
osfs
fsoo
prdar
arf i, eonbif` ebiafi osto`fc   ’mdoibe-up
fj pbjbroitfcfi, mdoibe-up
advbrijbit—(Kossbssfr,;77?>Hcrostbisbi&@Pfbarboe,;77<).
EoFustrf`of,QdAeojdtdrod`bcFustrf`ofi
EoFustrf`of,QdAeojdtdrod`bc Wuk`ohXbrvohb (FWX)
Fustrf`ofiWuk`ohXbrvohb
Fustrf`ofi
ef`fj
ef`fj `fp
`fpdrf
drfiiyf
iiyf kbrmue
kbrmueu`
u` Hdi
Hdiibh
ibhtoi
toia
a Adv
Advbri
brijb
jbit
it=
= Qcd
Qcd`b
`b dl 
Advbri
Advbrijb
jbit
it [bs
[bspdi
pdisb
sbs
s td Fu
Fust
strf`
rf`of'
of's
s Wro
Wrodro
droty
ty Hcf
Hcf``biabss pfef
``biab
tfcui;762.IfjuiebjonofiQdAkunfi`fcsbsuftuyfiakfru
eo Fustrf`o
Fustrf`of.
f. Ldnu
Ldnus
s pbie
pbiebnf
bnftfi
tfi pfef
pfef nbko
nbkomfnf
mfnfi.
i. pbj
pbjkfiau
kfiauifi
ifi
efipbjkbrofi`fyfifipuk`on.XbjbitfrfeoXb`fieofKfruQdA

mu
muaf
muaf
af eo
eonb
nbjk
jkfi
fian
anfi
fi jb
jb`f
`f`u
`uo
o fi
fitf
tfrf
rf `foi
`f
`foi
`fo
oi
i oitbar
oitbarfs
fso
o fnuitoia
fnuit
fnuitoia
oia

pbjbroitfcfi,
pbjbroitf cfi, pbia
pbiafef
feffi
fi kf
kfrfia
kfrf
rfia
ia efi
efi mf
mfsf
mfsf,
sf,
, OHU,
OHU,, sbrtf
OHU sbrtf
sbr
sbrtf
tf sb
sbn
sbntd
sbntdr-
ntdr-
tdr-
r-
sbntdr`foiiyf.
WbiebnftfiQdAeokbkbrfpfibafrfoioeopfiefiasbkfafo
kfaofi efro rbspdi tbrcfefp o`
o`u
uso pfrfeoajf Ib
Ibw
w Wu
Wuk
k`o
`ohh
Jfifabjbit  (IWJ)
(IWJ) yfia kfiyfn
kfiyfn jbib
jbibnfin
jbibnfinfi
nfinfi
fi fspbn 
fspbn 
blosobiso
blosobiso efihbiebr
efihbiebruia
uiajbie
jbiedrdiabad
drdiabadsbnt
sbntdrf`
drf` eokfi
eokfieoian
eoianfi
fi
pbrsp
pb
pbrspbn
pbr
rspbn
spbntol
bntol
tol oitbar
itbarfs
itbarfso
fs o sbnt
sb
sbntd
ntdr
ntdr.
dr.
r.
. Wf
Wfef
Wfe
Wfef
ef
f ef
efsf
efsfriy
efs
sfriy
friyf
riyf
f p
pbie
pbiebnf
bie
ieb
b
bnftfi
nftfi
tfi QdA
QdA
jbih
jb
jbihdkf
ihdk
dkf
f jb
jbimf
imfwf
wfk
k pbr
pbrtfi
pbrt
pbrtfi
tfiyff
fiyf
yffi
yffi
fi
i n`f
n`fson
n`
n`fs
fson
son
on jbiabi
jbi
jbia
jbiabi
abifo
bifo
fo nddreoifso
nd
nddr
dreo
eoif
ifso
so

yfia
yfia su
su`o
`ot
t tbrm
tbrmfe
feo
o eo
eo fitf
fitfrf
rf sbnt
sbntdr
dr ftfu
ftfu nb
nb`b
`bjk
jkfa
faff
ffi
i sb
sbkf
kfaf
afoo
fnokft e
fnokft efro
ef
frro
o f
fefi
feef
fiyf
iy
yf
f lrfajbitfso sbntdr jfupui bsn
bs
b snf`fso
nf`fso
rbau`fso
rbau
rbau`fso
`fso eo
eotoianfts
toianftsbntdr.
bntdr
bntdr.. Xb
XbcoiaafQdAs
Xbcoi
coiaaf
aafQdAsbroia
broianf`o
nf`oeopfiefia
eopfiefia
sbkfafo pbrspbntol kfru ef`fj jbibrfpnfi efi
jbjfcfjonddreoifsofitfrsbhtdr
;) WbiabrtofiQdA
WbiabrtofiQdA
Ebloioso QdA yfia eoiyftfnfi ef`fj `fpdrfi FWXH
sbkfafo=

66
 

Nd`fkdrftol


‐^otZ
^^ootZ eb
ebid
idtbtbs
s pu
puk`
k`oh
oh sb
sbrvrvoh
ohb
b fa
fabi
biho
hobs
bs wdrn
wdrnoi oia
a fh
fhrd
rdss
ss
pdrtld`od
pdrt
pdrtld`od
ld`od kdu
kduief
iefrobs
robs td
td fhc
fhcobv
obvb
b f scf
scfrbe
scfrbe
scfrbrbe
e adf`
adf
adf`
` fie
fie fi
oitb
oitbar arft
ftbe
be advb
advbri
rijbjbit it rb
rbsp
spdi
disb
sb td
td pfrt
pfrtohohu`
u`fr
fr os
ossu
subs
bs..

Fpprdfhcbshfi
Fpprdfhcbs
di pd`ohy ehfikb
bvb`kbldrjf`
 ldrjf`fie
dpj
pjb fieoildrjf`.Ucb
bit, prdaoildrjf`.Ucby
rfj jfifab y
 yhfi
jhfi
hfildhus
bit ldhus
fie 
sbrvohbeb`ovbry‚‚(Xcbrad`e&dtcbrs,;775).
Ef`fj
Ef`fj pbiab
pbiabrtof
rtofi
i oio QdA
QdAeopf
eopfiefi
iefia
a jbiu
jbiuimunn
imunnfi
fi ftfu
jbimb
jb
jbimb`fsnfi
imb`f
`fsn
snfi
fi kf
kfaf
afoj
ojfi
fif
f oi
oist
stfi
fiso
so pb
pb`f
`fyf
yfif
ifi
i puk`onkbnbrmf
pu
puk`
k`on
onkbnbrmf
`oitfs
`oitfs kftfs
kftfs ftf
ftfu
u `oitfs
`oitfs sbntd
sbntdr
r aui
auif
f jb
jbihf
ihfpfo
pfo tum
tumuf
ufi
i kbr
kbrsf
sfjf
jf
efi sbkfafo rbspdi tb
tbrrpfeu pbjbroitfc tbrcfefp osu-osu
tbrt
tbrtbi
bitu
tu.. Ri
Ritu
tun
n nf
nfsu
sus
s Fu
Fust
strf
rf`o
`of
f kbrl
kbrldn
dnus
us pf
pfef
ef to
toaf
af cf
cf`
` yf
yfot
otu
u
pbiabjkfiafinbkomfnfi,jfifmbjbiprdarfjefipbjkbrofi
`fyfifi.
Efro ebloioso oio eonbtfcuo kfcwf QdA jbrupfnfi
pbiebnftfi yfia jbibnfinfi fspbn nbkbrsfjffi efi
jbiaco`fia
jbiaco`fianfisbnft-
nfisbnft-sbnf
sbnft
tsbn
sbntdrf`
tdrf` yfiasb`fjf
yfiasb`fjf oiotbrkfiau
oiotbrkfiaui
i
ef`fjjdeb`IWJ.Kbitunpbie
ef`fjjdeb`IWJ.Kbitunpbiebnftfiiyfkosfe
bnftfiiyfkosfeo`fnunfief
o`fnunfief`fj
`fj
pb`bjkfaffildrjf`ftfupbiebnftfioildrjf`.
Eblo
Ebloio
ioso
so `foi
`foi yfia
yfia muaf
muaf jb
jbjp
jpui
uiyf
yfo
o nb
nbsf
sfjf
jffi
fi lo
lotu
tur
r ef
efro
ro

RiotbeXtftbsOistotutbdlWbfhb (RXOW)jbimb`fsnfiiyfsbkfafo

kbronut= ‐Fi
Fifpprdfhc
fpprdfhctcft
tcftoitbarftbs
oitbarftbstcb hd``fkdrftovbblldrtsdl 
tcbhd``fkdrftovbblldrts
hd``fkdrftovbblldrts
tcbebpfrtjbitsfiefabihobsdlfadvbrijbittdfhcobvbuioty 
dl blldrt tdwfre f scfrbe adf`. F`sd nidwi fs oitbrfabihy 
fppr
fpprdf
dfhc
hc.. Ucb
Ucb tbrj
tbrjs
s ui
uiot
oty
y dl
dl bl
blld
ldrt
rt fie
fie ui
uiot
oty
y dl
dl purp
purpds
dsb
b frb
frb
sdjbtojbs usbe td ebshrokb hddpbrftodi fjdia f`` fhtdrs,
advbr
ad
advbrijbit
vbrij
ijbi
bit
t fie
fie
fie dtcb
dt osbb‚ (‐Qcd`b
dtcbrwosb‚
dtcbrwosb
cbrw
rwos Qcd`b-dl-a
-dl-advbri
dvbrijbi
jbit
t fpprd
fpprdfhc
fhc
(A`dssfr
(A`dssfry
ydlUbrjsldr
dlUbrjsldrHdil`
Hdil`ohtJfifab
ohtJfifabjbi
jbit
tfie
fie Wbfh
Wbfhbkuo
bkuo`eoia,‚
`eoia
i.e.).
i.e.).

6;
 

Nd`fkdrftol


Ef`fj pbiabrtofi RXOW, QdA eotbnfinfi pfef

pbiaoi
aoitbarfsofi upfyf-upfyf nbjbitbrofi ftfu `bjkfaf
pbjbroitfcef`fjjbihfpfotumufi-tumufikbrsfjf.QdAmuaf
eopfi
opfie
efia
ia sbkf
bkfafo
afo kbit
kbitu
un nbrmfs
mfsfjf fit
itf
fr sb`u
`urruc
uc fntdr
tdr,
pbjbroitfcefisbkf`oniyf.
Wbiabr
Wbiabrtof
tofi
i ef
efro
roRXO
RXOW
W oio
oio jb
jbiui
iuimun
munnf
nfi
i kfc
kfcwf
wf QdA
QdA toe
toefn 
fn 
cfiy
iyf
f jbrupf
pfn
nfi pbie
ieb
bnftf
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65
 

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efinrotbrof(IXWN)uituneomfeonf
of(IXWN)uituneomfeonfipbedjfikfaoEfbrf
ipbedjfikfaoEfbrfc
c
ef`fjjbiyb`biaafrfnfiRrusfiWbjbroitfcfiyfiaeosbrfcnfinb
Efbrfcefijbimfeopbedjfikfao
Efbrfcefijbimfeopbedjfikfaonbjbitbrofi/`bjkfafp
nbjbitbrofi/`bjkfafpbjbroitfc
bjbroitfc

idinbjbitbrofiuitunjb`fnunfipbjkoiffiefipbiafwfsfi
Xb`f
Xb`fimu
imuti
tiyf
yf,, kbr
kbref
efsf
sfrn
rnfi
fi nbtb
nbtbit
ituf
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Kfao
aofi
fi Nbto
Nbtoaf
af Wf
Wfsf
sf`
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61<
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Riefia-Riefia Idjdr 67 Ufcui ;7;7 tbitfia Hoptf Nbrmf,
Wbjbro
Wbjbroitf
itfc
c Wus
Wusft
ft ef`fj
ef`fj jbi
jbiyb`
yb`bia
biaafr
afrfnf
fnfi
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urusfi
sfi pbj
pbjbro
broitf
itfcfi
cfi
ndinurbikbrwbifiauitun=
f. jbibtf
tfp
pnfi IX
IXW
WN ef`fj rfianf
nf pbiyb`b
`bi
iaafrffi Rrusfi
Wbjbroitfcfi
WbibtfpfiIXWNoiojbiafhuftfujbiafedpsoprfntonyfiakfon 
(addeprfhtohbs)>efi
 ;6

Nd`fkdrftol


k. jb`fnsfifnfi pbjkoiffi efi pbiafwfsfi tbrcfefp

pbiyb`biaafrffi Rrusfi Wbjbroitfcfi yfia jbimfeo
nbwbifiafiEfbrfc.
NbwbifiafiWbjbroitfcWusftoioeokfitud`bcnbjbitbrofiefi
`bjkfaf
`bjkfafpbjb
pbjbroitf
roitfc
c idinbj
idinbjbitbr
bitbrofi.
ofi.Wb`fn
Wb`fnsfiff
sfiffi
i nbwbif
nbwbifiafi
iafi
yfia eo`fnunfi d`bc `bj
bjk
kfaf pbjbroitfc idinbjbitbrofi
tbrsbkutcfruseonddreoifsonfiebiafinbjbitbrofitbrnfot 
Ubrn
Ubrnfo
fot
t nb
nbrm
rmf
f sf
sfjf
jf efbr
efbrfc
fc,, kb
kbre
refs
fsfr
frnf
nfi
i nbt
nbtbi
bitu
tufi
fi Wf
Wfsf
sf`
` 8<8
8<8
Riefia-RiefiaIdjdr;8Ufcui
Riefia-RiefiaIdjdr;8Ufcui;765tbitfia
;765tbitfiaWbjbroitfcfiEf
WbjbroitfcfiEfbrfc
brfc
eo
eoft
ftur
ur kf
kfcw
cwf
f ef`f
ef`fj
j rfia
rfianf
nf jbio
jbioia
ianf
nftn
tnfi
fi nbsb
nbsbmf
mfct
ctbr
brff
ffi
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rfny
nyft
ft,,
Efbrfc efpft jbiafefnfi nbrmf sfjf yfia eoefsfrnfi pfef

pbrtojkfiafiblosobisoefiblbntovotfspb`fyfifipuk`onsbrtfsf`oia
jbiauituianfi.
Nbrmfsfjfeojfnsueefpfteo`fnunfid`bcEfbrfcebiafi=
f. Efbrfc`foi
Nbrmf
Nbrmf sfjf
sfjf ebia
ebiafi
fi Efb
Efbrfc
rfc `fo
`foi
i oio eonftb
eonftbadr
adronf
onfi
i jbi
jbimfe
mfeo
o nbrmf
nbrmf
sfjfwfmokefinbrmfsfjfsunfrb`f>

k. pocfnnbtoaf>efi/ftfu
h. `b
`bjk
jkfa
faf
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ftfu pb
pbjb
jbro
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itfc
fc ef
efbr
brfc
fc eo `ufr
`ufr ibabr
ibabro
o sbsu
sbsufo
fo ebia
ebiafi
fi
nbtbitufipbrfturfipbruiefia-uiefiafi.

E. XtueoNfsusNd`fkdrftol 
6. Cf
Cfjp
jpor
or sb
sbju
juf
f jd
jdeb
eb`
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nbrfi
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nbrmf
mf hd``fkdrftovb
hd``fkdrftovb advbrifihb,
nbpbjo
nbpbjojp
jpoif
oifi
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f`u jbj
jbjo`o
o`ono
no pbr
pbrfi
fi yfi
yfia
a utf
utfjf
jf efi
efi str
strftb
ftbaos
aos,,
ifjuinfmofispbsolontbrnfotcf`tbrsbkuthbiebruiatbrkftfs.

Xf`f
Xf`fc
c sf
sftu
tuiy
iyf
f tbr
tbrnf
nfot
ot nbp
nbpbj
bjoj
ojpo
poif
ifi
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Kupf
pfto
to Nu`d
Nu`di
i Wr
Wrda
dad
d efi
efi

Kfiyuwfiaoyfiaeopfief
Kfiyuwfiaoyfiaeopfiefiaefpftjbimfeo
iaefpftjbimfeo hditdcnbkbrcfso`fi
hditdcnbkbrcfso`fi
 ;;

Nd`fkdrftol


ef`fjtftfnb`d`fnd`fkdrftol.;Wrfntontftfnb`d`fnd`fkdrfsoyfia
kbr`fiasuiaeoNu`diWrdadeooiosofsojb`f`uooidvfsoprdarfjefi
nd`fkdrfsobnstbrif`ju`tostfnbcd`ebrs
nd`fkdrfsobnstbrif`ju`tostfnbcd`ebrssbefianfieo
sbefianfieoKfiyuwfiao
Kfiyuwfiao
eo
eofw
fwf`
f`o
o eb
ebia
iafi
fi nbkb
nbkbrc
rcfs
fso`
o`fi
fi nd`f
nd`fkd
kdrf
rfso
so oi
oitb
tbri
rif`
f` ef
efi
i oi
oidv
dvfs
fsoo
prdarfj.Nb`ufrfimfianfpfimfiaprfntontftfnb`d`fnd`fkdrftol 
tbrwum
tbrwumue
ue ef`
ef`fj
fj kbi
kbitun
tun pbi
pbiaur
aurfia
fiafi
fi muj`fc
muj`fc pbieue
pbieueun
un jos
josnoi
noi,,
pbioianftfioiebnspbjkfiauifijfiusofefiprdeunedjbston 
krutdiyf.

Fisb``
Fisb`` efi
efi Afs
Afsc
c cfi
cfiyf
yf jbibjp
jbibjpftn
ftnfi
fi nbp
nbpbjo
bjojp
jpoif
oifi
i lfs
lfso`o
o`otft
tftol 
ol 

kbrb`fsoebiafieojbisoprdsbsnd`fkdrfsoefronbrfianfjdeb`
yfia
yfia eo
eonb
nbjk
jkfi
fian
anfi
fiiy
iyf.
f. Ef
Ef`f
`fj
j pb
pbib
ib`o
`oto
toiy
iyf
f eotb
eotbju
junf
nfi
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kfcw
cwf
f
sdsdn pbjojpoi
oi jbjo`on
onoo pbrfi yfia sfia
iaf
ft pbito
toi
ia pfef
eo
eojb
jbiso
iso nd
ndie
ieoso
oso fw
fwf`
f` (stfr
stfrtoia
toia hdie
hdieotodi).
otodi ). Ubju
Ubjufi
fi kf
kfru
ru ef`f
ef`fj
j
pbib
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tofi
fi oi
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efi sb
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on sbkfa
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cfjk
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tbrkfiaui.Ef`fjrfianfjbimfafnbkbr`fimutfihfpfofinoibrmf
eo
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bief
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tfia
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fnf
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pbrso
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fpnf
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dr,
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, rb
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sbrt
rtf
f io`f
io`fo-
o-io
io`f
`fo
o ftfu
ftfu
kuefyf. ‐Nbkbrcfso`fi nbpbjojpoifi ef`fj tftf nb`d`f
nd`f
nd`fkd
kdrf
rfto
tol
l eo
eo Nu
Nu`d
`di
i Wr
Wrda
dad
d ef
efi
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Kfiy
iyuw
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fiao
ao kf
kfon
oniy
iyf
f eosu
eosusu
sui
i
ef`fjkbitunhbrotfsunsbspbifiaau`fiafinbjosnoifisbkfafo
bxp`ohot
bxp`ohot nidw`beab sb
nidw`beab sbco
coia
iaaf
af prda
darf
rfj
j oi
oidv
dvfs
fso
o efi
efi prd
rdsb
sbs
s tftf
tftf

;Juc.FzozJus`ojoi, Eosbrtfsoyfiakbrmueu`‐NbpbjojpoifiKupftoef`fj
Hd``fk
Hd``fkdr
drft
ftovb
ovb Ad
Advb
vbri
rifi
fihb
hb ui
uitu
tun
n Wb
Wbif
ifia
iaau`
au`fi
fiaf
afi
i Nbjo
Nbjosn
snoi
oifi
fi eo
eo Efbr
Efbrfc
fc
(XtueoftfsWrfnton-WrfntonUbrkfoneoNu`diWrdadefiKfiyuwfiao) 
 ;8

Nd`fkdrftol


nb`d`f
nb`d`f nd`
nd`fkd
fkdrft
rftoli
oliyf
yf efp
efpft
ft jbimfe
jbimfeo
o rum
rumunf
unfi
i efi
efi pbj
pbjkb`
kb`fmf
fmfrf
rfi
i
kfaoefbrfc`foi.‚

Xb`foiotu,nbkbrcfso`fipbjbroitfcefbrfcef`fjjbifiaau`fiao

nbjosnoifi toefn fnfi dptojf` tfipf nbjotrffi ebiafi

pbjfia
ian
nu nbpbitoiafi `foi. D`bc nfrbif otu pbr`u fefiyf
pbio
pbioia
ianf
nftf
tfi
i nf
nfpf
pfso
sotf
tfs
s wfra
wfraf
f jfsy
jfsyfr
frfn
fnft
ft sb
sbrt
rtf
f jb
jbjk
jkfi
fiau
aui
i
nbpbjo`onfikbrsfjf (scfrbdwibrscop)ftfsjfsf`fcnbjosnoifi
sbcoiaaf tbrkfiaui nbsfefrfi efi nbpbeu`ofi uitun  
jbiy
jbiyun
unsb
sbsn
snfi
fi prda
prdarf
rfj
j pbif
pbifia
iaau
au`f
`fia
iafi
fi nb
nbjo
josn
snoi
oifi
fi ebia
ebiafi
fi
jbjkunf pfrtosopfso sbhfrf `ufs nbpfef sbjuf pocfn.
Wbrnbjkfiafinbpbjojpoifipfefsfftoioeotfiefod`bcjdeb`
nd`fkdrfso
nd`fkdrfso kunfi`fao
kunfi`faocobrf
cobrfrno.Jdeb`
rno.Jdeb`nbpbj
nbpbjojpoi
ojpoifind`fkdrft
find`fkdrftol 
ol 
oio jbjkbronfi nbsbjpftfi yfia `ufs nbpfef sb`uruc
st
stfn
fnbc
bcd`
d`eb
ebrs
rs kf
kfon
on eo
eo ef
ef`f
`fj
j jfup
jfupui
ui eo
eo `ufr
`ufr draf
drafio
iosf
sfso
so ui
uitu
tun 
n 
jbihoptfnfikbrkfafooidvfsoefinbkfonfikfaojfsyfrfnft.

Fef toaf
Fef toaf nfr
nfrfnt
fntbr
br utf
utfjf
jf yfi
yfia
a eoj
eojo`on
o`ono
o d`bc
d`bc Kupfto
Kupfto Kfiyuw
Kfiyuwfia
fiaoo

efi Ku
efi Kupf
pfto
to Nu
Nu`d
`dip
iprd
rdad
ad sb
sbkf
kfaf
afo
o pb
pbjo
jojp
jpoi
oi nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfto
tol
l yfot
yfotu=
u=
sbjfiaftbitrbprbibur,jbjkfiauitftfNb`d`fkbrmbmfroiaefi

kbrsolft trfisldrjfsodif`. Nbpbjojpoifi efi tftf Nb`d`f

nd`fkdrftoloiotbriyftfjfjpujbimfeobndsostbjpbjbroitfcfi
uitunjbiaurfiaofianfnbjosnoifieonbeufefbrfcyfiaeotb`oto
uitunjbiaurfiaofianfnbjosnoifieonbeuf efbrfcyfiaeotb`oto
sbhf
sbhfrf
rf so
soai
aiol
olon
onfi
fi.
. Wrfn
Wrfnto
ton
n kf
kfon
on nb
nbpb
pbjo
jojp
jpoi
oifi
fi nd
nd`f
`fkd
kdrf
rfto
tol
l oi
oioo
jbjo`onopdtbisouituneokbitun,eopbr`ufsefieo`fnsfifnfieo
pbjbroitfcfiefbrfc`foiiyf

;. Xf`fcsftu
Xf`fcsftuhditdcnd`fkdrftolyf
hditdcnd`fkdrftolyfiaefpft
iaefpfteoauifnfijbimfeo
eoauifnfijbimfeostueo
stueo

nfsusfef`fcnbrmfsfjfyfiaeo`fnunfid`bcNfkupftbiX`bjfi,
 ;5

Nd`fkdrftol


NfkupftbiKfitu`efiNdtf_dayfnfrtfyfiajbjkbitunsbkufc
XbnrbtfroftkbrsfjfNfrtfjfitu`(Xbnkbrnfrtfjfitu`).

NF[U
NF[UF
FJF
JFIU
IUR@
R@ fef
ef`f
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c @bj
bjkf
kfaf
af kbr
kbrsfj
sfjf pbj
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c ndtf
ndtf

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frtf
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