6

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@OHJMT@ ONTNMNL@FB

Lftf Mub`fe 7 Lfofajljot Yft`jot Tfhjty

Cnsjo Yjoaflpu 7 Os. Yug`frtn.,L.mjp.,Tp.Mjp
Yug`frtn.,L.mjp.,Tp.Mjp.LK
.LK

Nbje 7
MEZTOZB MENS@LFE F[PFO@
O@L 61;39:6

Y[NA[FL TSZC@ C @@@ MJYJ[FQFSFO

TS@Mjs YFODF KEFMS@
KFOCF[ BFLYZOA
;9;9
 ;

MFSF YJOAFOSF[

Yug` cfo syumur sfyf pfogftmfo mjefc`rft Fbbfe TQS, ftfs sjafbf b`lpfefo rfelft
cfo e`cfyfe-Oyf. Tje`oaaf sfyf cfpft ljoyjbjsf`mfo pjoyusuofo lfmfbfe `o`.

Tfyf
Tfyf tjbf
tjbfe
e ljoy
ljoyus
usuo
uo lfmf
lfmfbf
bfe
e `o
`o`` cj
cjoa
oafo
fo sj
sjkf
kf`m
`m-k
-kf`
f`mo
moyf
yf cf
cfo
o sjlfm
sjlfms`l
s`lfb
fb
luoam`o. Ofluo tjotuoyf sjkfaf` lfous`f k`fsf t`cfm buput cfr` mjsfbfefo cfo
mjmurfoafo. Efrfpfo sfyf, sjlnaf k`sf ljogfc` mnrjms` c` lfsf ljocftfoa fafr
bjk`e kf`m bfa` cfr`
cfr` sjkjbuloyf.
sjkjbuloyf.

Sfm bupf udfpfo tjr`lfmfs`e sfyf sflpf`mfo mjpfcf Cnsjo cnrnoafo cfo `blu
yfoa
yfoa tjbf
tjbfe
e c`kj
c`kjr`
r`mf
mfo
o mjpf
mjpfcf
cf sf
sfyf
yf.. Tj
Tje`
e`oa
oaaf
af sf
sfyf
yf cf
cfpf
pftt ljoy
ljoyus
usuo
uo cf
cfo
o

ljoyjbjsf`mfo lfmfbfe `o` tjpft pfcf wfmtuoyf cfo @osyf Fbbfe sjsuf` yfoa sfyf
efrfpmfo.

Lucfe-lucf
Lucfe-lucfefo
efo lfmfbfe
lfmfbfe `o` k`sf ljlkjr`mfo
ljlkjr`mfo sulkfoa
sulkfoa pjl`m`rfo
pjl`m`rfo sjmfb`aus
sjmfb`aus
pjoajtfeufo kfa` m`tf sjlufoyf. Fl`o.

Kfocfr Bflpuoa, ;; Gub` ;9;9

Yjoyusu
o
 4

CFHSF[ @T@

MFSF YJOAFOSF[..............................
YJOAFOSF[....................................................
...............................................
................................``
.......``
CFHSF[ @T@ ............................................
..................................................................
.............................................
.................................``
..........``

KFK 6 YJOCFEZBZFO .............................................

...............................................................................3
..................................3
6.6 Bftfr Kjbfmfoa...................................
Kjbfmfoa.........................................................
............................................
....................................
..............33
6.; Sugufo...................................
Sugufo.........................................................
............................................
.................................................
...........................::
6.4 Lfohfft............................................
Lfohfft..................................................................
............................................................8
......................................8

KFK ; S@OGFZFO YZTSFMF ....................................

...........................................................
.................................
..........1
1
;.6 Yjoajrt`fo l`mrnk`nbna` cfo pfrfs`tnbna`...............................
pfrfs`tnbna`....................................................1
.....................1
;.; [jprncums` cfo s`mbus e`cup l`mrnk`nbna` cfo dfrf kjrmjlkfoak`fm cfo
pjoubfrfo pfrfs`tnbna` ..........................................
................................................................
....................................69
..............69
;.4 Ajgfbf Mbfs`h`mfs` L`mrnk`nbna` cfo Gjo`s-gjo`s mbfs`h`mfs` pfrfs`tnbna`...6;

KFK 4 YJOZSZY
4.6 Mjs`lpubfo......................................
Mjs`lpubfo............................................................
..................................................
...................................61
.......61
4.; Tfrfo...........................................
Tfrfo.................................................................
............................................
.........................................61
...................61

CFHSF[ YZTSFMF
 3

KFK @

YJOCFEZBZFO

6.6 Bftfr Kjbfmfoa

L`mrnk
L`mrnk`nb
`nbna`
na` fcfbfe
fcfbfe `blu
`blu yfoa
yfoa ljlpjb
ljlpjbfgfr
fgfr`` nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj yfoa
yfoa kjrumu
kjrumurfo
rfo

sfoaft mjd`b sje`oaaf t`cfm cfpft c`b`eft cjoafo lftf tjbfogfoa ljbf`omfo

efrus ljoaauofmfo kfotufo l`mrnsmnp. Nrafo`slj yfoa sfoaft mjd`b `o`

c`sjkut sjkfaf` l`mrnnrafo`slj, ftfu sjr`oa c`sjkut l`mrnkf ftfupuo gfsfc

rjo`m. Tfft `o`, l`mrnk`nbna` sfoaft kjrmjlkfoa bufs pfcf kjrkfaf` k`cfoa

`blu pjoajtfeufo, l`sfboyf pjrtfo`fo, `ocustr`, mjsjeftfo, b`oamuoafo e`cup,

k`cfoa pfoafo, kfemfo
kfemfo k`cfoa fotfr`msf (Qfbuyn, ;990).

Yfrfs`tnbna
Yfrfs`tnbna`` ljrupfmfo
ljrupfmfo @blu yfoa ljlpjbfgfr`
ljlpjbfgfr` pfrfs`t — nrafo`slj
nrafo`slj yfoa

e`cu
e`cupo
poyf
yf ljou
ljoulp
lpfo
foa
a cf
cfo
o ljru
ljrua`
a`mf
mfo
o nr
nraf
afo`
o`sl
sljj bf`o.
bf`o. Zmur
Zmurfo
fo tu
tuku
kue
e

pjoulpfoa bjk`e mjd`b cfr` yfoa c`tulpfoa`. Yfrfs`t `o` c`sjkut guaf sjkfaf`

fajot.

Kfmt
Kfmtjr
jr`` fcfb
fcfbfe
fe oflf
oflf sj
sjmj
mjbn
bnlp
lpnm
nm l`mr
l`mrnn
nnra
rafo
fo`s
`slj
lj yf
yfoa
oa tj
tjrl
rlfs
fsum
um

prnmfr`nt`m yfoa kjrsjb sftu, kjrmjlkfoa k`fm cjoafo ljlkjbfe c`r` cfo

kfefo-kfefo ajojt`moyf t`cfm tjrkuoamus cfbfl ljlkrfo `ot`. Yfcf

ululoyf kfmtjr` t`cfm ljlpuoyf` mbnrnh`b, mjdufb` kjkjrfpf spjs`js tjrtjotu

yfoa
yfoa ljlpuo
ljlpuoyf`
yf` p`aljo
p`aljo hntns`
hntns`otj
otjs`s.
s`s. Nbje
Nbje mfrjof
mfrjof `tu,
`tu, fcf kfmtjr`
kfmtjr` yfoa
yfoa

e`cu
e`cupo
poyf
yf ej
ejtj
tjrn
rntr
trnh
nh cf
cfo
o fc
fcff gu
guaf
af kf
kfmt
mtjr
jr`` yf
yfoa
oa e`
e`cu
cup
p fu
futn
tntrn
trnh.
h. Kfmt
Kfmtjr
jr``
 :

ejtjrntrnh cfpft c`kjcfmfo ljogfc` kfmtjr` yfoa e`cup sjkfaf` pfrs`t cfo

sfprnh`t, Tjcfoamfo kfmtjr` futntrnh cfpft c`kjcfmfo kjrcfsfrmfo ftfs sulkjr

jojra`
jojra` yfoa
yfoa c`auof
c`auofmfo
mfo uotum
uotum ljosjot
ljosjotjt`
jt`ss lfmfof
lfmfofooy
ooyff ljogfc
ljogfc`` kfmtjr
kfmtjr``

hntnfutntrnh cfo mjlnfutntrnh. Kfmtjr` cfpft e`cup c`lfof sfgf, fcf yfoa

ljrua`mfo lfous`f, ejwfo lfupuo tulkuefo. Ofluo cjl`m`fo fcf guaf

kfmtjr` yfoa ljoauotuoamfo

ljoauotuoamfo kfa` ulft lfous`f.

Kjkjrfpf mjbnlpnm kfmtjr` c`mjofb sjkfaf` fajo

pjoyjkfk `ohjms` cfo pjoyfm`t,

pjoyfm`t, sjcfoamfo mjbnlpnm bf`ooyf cfpft

ljlkjr`mfo lfohfft c`k`cfoa pfoafo,

pfoafo, pjoankftfo
pjoankftfo,, cfo `ocustr`.
`ocustr`. Ttrumtur sjb
kfmtjr` rjbft`h sjcjrefof 7 tfopf oumbjus / `ot` sjb, mjrfoamf
mjrfoamf sjb,
sjb, cfo nrafojb-
nrafojb-

nrafojb bf`o sjpjrt` l`tnmnocr`f cfo mbnrnpbfs.

mbnrnpbfs. Efb `o`bfe yfoa ljogfc` cfsfr

pjrkjcffo fotfrf sjb prnmfr`nt cjoafo sjb jumfr`nt yfoa bjk`e

mnlpbjms. Kfmtjr
jr`` cfpft c`tjlumfo c` eflp`r sjlu
jluf tjlpft7

c` tfofe,
tfofe, f`r, ucfrf,
ucfrf, cfbfl s`lk`ns`s cjoafo nrafo`slj bf`o lfupuo sjkfaf`

fajo pfrfs`t (pftnajo),

pftnajo), kfemfo cfbfl tukue lfous`f.

6.; Sugufo

6. Zotum
Zotum ljoajtfe
ljoajtfeu`
u` pjoajrt`f
pjoajrt`fo
o l`mrnk`n
l`mrnk`nbna`
bna` cfo pfrfs`tn
pfrfs`tnbna`
bna`

;. Zotum
Zotum ljoajt
ljoajtfeu
feu`` rjprnc
rjprncums
ums`` cfo s`mbus
s`mbus e`cup
e`cup l`mrnk
l`mrnk`nb
`nbna`
na` cfo dfrf
dfrf

kjrmjlkfoak`fm cfo pjoubfrfo pfrfs`tnbna`

4. Zotu
Zotum
m ljoa
ljoajt
jtfe
feu`
u` mbfs
mbfs`h`
`h`mf
mfs`
s` l`mr
l`mrnk
nk`n
`nbn
bna`
a` cf
cfo
o gj
gjo`
o`ss cf
cfo
o mb
mbfs`
fs`h`
h`mf
mfs`
s`

pfrfs`tnbna`
 8

6.4 Lfohf
Lfohfft
ft

6. Lflpu ljlfefl`
ljlfefl` pjoajrt`f
pjoajrt`fo
o l`mrnk`n
l`mrnk`nbna`
bna` cfo
cfo pfrfs`tnb
pfrfs`tnbna`
na`

;. Lflpu
Lflpu ljlfefl
ljlfefl`` rjprnc
rjprncums
ums`` cfo s`mbus
s`mbus e`cup
e`cup l`mrnk
l`mrnk`nb
`nbna`
na` cfo dfrf

kjrmjlkfoak`fm cfo pjoubfrfo pfrfs`tnbna`

4. Lflp
Lflpu
u ljlf
ljlfef
efl`
l` mbfs`
mbfs`h`
h`mf
mfs`
s` l`mr
l`mrnk
nk`n
`nbn
bna`
a` cf
cfo
o gj
gjo`
o`ss cf
cfo
o mb
mbfs`
fs`h`
h`mf
mfs`
s`

pfrfs`tnbna`
 1

KFK ;

YJLKFEFTFO

;.6 Yjoajrt`fo L`mrnk`nbna` cfo Yfrfs`tnbna`

Yfrfs`tnbna`

;.6.6 L`mrnk`nbna`

L`mrnk
L`mrnk`nb
`nbna`
na` fcfbfe
fcfbfe sjkufe
sjkufe dfkfoa
dfkfoa cfr`
cfr` `blu
`blu k`nbna
k`nbna`` yfoa
yfoa ljlpjb
ljlpjbfgfr
fgfr``

l`mrnnrafo`slj. Nkgjm mfg`fooyf k`fsfoyf fcfbfe sjluf lfmebum (e`cup)

yf
yfoa
oa pj
pjrb
rbu
u c`b`
c`b`ef
eftt cj
cjoa
oafo
fo l`mr
l`mrns
nsmn
mnp,
p, me
meus
usus
usoy
oyff kf
kfmt
mtjr
jr`,
`, hu
huoa
oa`,
`, fb
fbaf
af

l`mrnsmnp`m, prntnznf, cfo Frdefjf. X`rus sjr`oa guaf c`lfsummfo wfbfupuo

sjkj
sjkjof
ofro
royf
yf t`cf
t`cfm
m sjpjo
sjpjoue
ueoy
oyff cf
cfpf
pftt c`
c`fo
foaa
aafp
fp sj
sjkf
kfaf
af`` lfme
lfmebu
bum
m e`
e`cup
cup..
L`mrnnrafo`slj cfpft kjrmjlkfoa k`fm sjdfrf fbfl` ftfu cjoafo dflpurfo

tfoa
tfoafo
fo lfou
lfous`
s`f.
f. L`mr
L`mrnn
nnra
rafo
fo`sl
`sljj yf
yfoa
oa c`
c`mj
mjlk
lkfo
foam
amfo
fo nb
nbje
je lfou
lfous`
s`ff

c`fotfrfoyf ljbfbu` pjrtulkuefo ljoaauofmfo ljc`f.

L`mrnk`nbn
L`mrnk`nbna`
a` c`lubf`
c`lubf` sjgfm c`tjlumfooy
c`tjlumfooyff l`mrnsmnp
l`mrnsmnp cfo ljogfc`
ljogfc` k`cfoa
k`cfoa

yfoa sfoaft pjot`oa cfbfl k`nbna` sjtjbfe Bnu`s Yfstjur cfpft ljogjbfsmfo

prnsjs hjrljotfs` foaaur (w`oj) cfo ljlkuft sjrul rfk`js Yjrmjlkfoafo

k`nbna` yfoa pjsft pfcf fkfc mj-60 tjrutflf c`fbfl` pfcf k`cfoa `o` cfo

ljlk
ljlkjr`
jr`mf
mfo
o bfoc
bfocfsf
fsfo
o kf
kfa`
a` tjrk
tjrkum
umfo
foyf
yf k`
k`cf
cfoa
oa pj
pjot
ot`o
`oa
a bf
bf`o
`o77 k`
k`nm
nm`l
`l`f
`f..

Yjojrfpfo l`mrnk`nbna` pfcf lfsf m`o` lfsum kjrkfaf` k`cfoa cfo t`cfm

cfpft
cfpft c`p`sfe
c`p`sfemfo
mfo cfr`
cfr` dfkfoa
dfkfoa bf`
bf`o
o mfrjof
mfrjof c`pjrb
c`pjrbumf
umfo
o guaf
guaf cfbfl
cfbfl k`cfoa
k`cfoa

hfrlfs`
hfrlfs`,, mjcnmt
mjcnmtjrfo
jrfo,, pjrtfo
pjrtfo`fo
`fo,, `blu
`blu a`z`,
a`z`, tjmo`m
tjmo`m m`l`f,
m`l`f, kfemfo
kfemfo e`oaaf
e`oaaf

fstrnk`nbna` cfo frmjnbna`. L`mrnnrafo`slj kjrumurfo mjd`b yfoa ljrupfmfo

 5

gfsfc e`cup yfoa cfpft ljlpjoafrue` mje`cupfo lfous`f kf`m sjdfrf

bfoasu
bfoasuoa
oa lfupuo
lfupuo t`cfm
t`cfm bfoasu
bfoasuoa,
oa, yfoa
yfoa cfpft
cfpft kjrpjr
kjrpjrfo
fo sjkfaf
sjkfaf`` mfwfo
mfwfo

lfupuo bfwfo.

;.6.; Yfrfs`tnbna`

Mftf pfrfs`tns kjrfrt` gfsfc yfoa ljoaflk`b lfmfofo, cfo bnans kjrfrt` `blu.

Kjrcfsfrmfo `st`bfe, pfrfs`tnbna` fcfbfe `blu yfoa ljlpjbfgfr` nrafo`slj

yfoa e`cup uotum sjljotfrf ftfupuo tjtfp c` cfbfl ftfu pfcf pjrlumffo

nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj bf`
bf`o
o uotum
uotum ljoafl
ljoaflk`b
k`b lfmfof
lfmfofo
o sjkfa`
sjkfa`fo
fo ftfu
ftfu sjburue
sjburueoyf
oyf cfr`
cfr`

nraf
nrafo`
o`sl
sljj tjrsjk
tjrsjkut
ut.. Yfrfs
Yfrfs`t
`tnb
nbna
na`` ljru
ljrupf
pfmf
mfo
o k`
k`of
oftf
tfoa
oa (k
(kjc
jcff cj
cjoa
oafo
fo
l`mrnk`nbna`) ljoafocuoa prntj`o t`oaa`, sjbfbu ljoafm`kftmfo fbjra`, tukue

bjk`
bjk`e
e mn
mnlp
lpbjm
bjms,
s, lubf
lubf`` kj
kjrs
rsjb
jb tu
tuoa
oaaf
afbb sflpf
sflpf`` sj
sjbb kf
kfoy
oyfm,
fm, lfsum
lfsum tu
tuku
kue
e

lfous`f ca kjrkfaf` dfrf 7 nrfb, mutfo, `oefbfs`, sjmsufb, cfrfe, pbfsjotf.

Kjkjrfpf `st`bfe pjot`oa yfoa pjrbu c`mjtfeu`, fotfrf bf`o 7

6. T`lk`n
T`lk`nsj,
sj, ljrupfm
ljrupfmfo
fo kjotum
kjotum e`cup
e`cup kjrsflf
kjrsflf cuf gjo`s nrafo`sl
nrafo`sljj yfoa
yfoa

kjrs`hft pjrlfojo cfo t`cfm k`sf c`p`sfemfo. Fcf kjkjrfpf gjo`s s`lk`nsj,

yf`tu 7

f. T`lk`n
T`lk`nsj
sj lutufb`sl
lutufb`slj,
j, yf`tu s`lk`nsj
s`lk`nsj yfoa sfb`oa
sfb`oa ljoauot
ljoauotuoa
uoamfo
mfo

kfa` mjcuf gjo`s nrafo`slj tjrsjkut.

k. T`lk`nsj mnljosfb`slj, yf`tu s`lk`nsj c`lfof sftu p`efm ljocfpft

mjuotuoafo sjcfoamfo yfoa bf`o t`cfm c`rua`mfo.

 0

d. T`lk`nsj
T`lk`nsj pfrfs`t`s
pfrfs`t`slj,
lj, yf`tu
yf`tu s`lk`nsj
s`lk`nsj c`lfof
c`lfof sftu gjo`s ljocfpftmfo
ljocfpftmfo

lfmfof
lfmfofo
o cfo mjuotu
mjuotuoaf
oafo,
o, sjcfoa
sjcfoamfo
mfo yfoa
yfoa bf`o c`rua`
c`rua`mfo
mfo kfemfo
kfemfo

c`kuoue.

c. T`lk
T`lk`n
`nsj
sj nk
nkb`
b`af
aft,
t, yf
yf`t
`tu
u kj
kjot
otum
um s`lk
s`lk`n
`nsj
sj c`
c`lf
lfof
of pf
pfrf
rfs`t
s`toy
oyff t`cf
t`cfm
m

cfpft e`cup tfopf enspjs.

j. T`lk`n
T`lk`nsj
sj hfmubtft`
hfmubtft`h,
h, yf`tu s`lk`ns
s`lk`nsjj c`lfof
c`lfof pfrfs`t
pfrfs`toyf
oyf cfpft
cfpft e`cup

wfbfupuo tfopf enspjs.

h. T`lk`n
T`lk`nsj
sj lnonmsj
lnonmsjo,
o, yf`tu
yf`tu s`lk`nsj
s`lk`nsj c`lfof
c`lfof pfrfs`t
pfrfs`toyf
oyf efoyf
efoyf cfpft
cfpft

e`cup pfcf sftu spjs`js enspjs.

a. T`lk`nsj
T`lk`nsj pnb`msjo
pnb`msjo,, yf`tu s`lk`ns
s`lk`nsjj yfoa ljoae`
ljoae`oaafp
oaafp`` bjk`e cfr`
cfr` sftu
spjs`js.

e. T`lk`nsj
T`lk`nsj pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t pjrlfojo,
pjrlfojo, yf`tu
yf`tu kojtum
kojtum s`lk`ns
s`lk`nsjj c`lfof
c`lfof pfrfs`toyf
pfrfs`toyf

sjbflf e`cupoyf tjtfp pfcf enspjsoyf.

`. T`lk`nsj
T`lk`nsj pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t tjlpnrjr,
tjlpnrjr, yf`tu
yf`tu kjotum
kjotum s`lk`nsj
s`lk`nsj c`lfof
c`lfof pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t pfcf
pfcf

enspjsoyf efoyf sjwfmtu-wfmtu.

;. Enspjs
Enspjs,, yf`tu nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj yfoa ljrupf
ljrupfmfo
mfo tjlpft
tjlpft ftfu nrafo`s
nrafo`slj
lj yfoa

c`e`oaafp` pfrfs`t. C`mjofb fcf kjkjrfpf gjo`s enspjs,yf`tu 7

f. Enspjs
Enspjs cjhjo`t`h,
cjhjo`t`h, yf`tu
yf`tu enspjs
enspjs c`lfof
c`lfof tjrcfpft
tjrcfpft pfrfs`t cfbfl stfc`u
stfc`ul
l

cjwfsf
cjwfsf c` cfbfl
cfbfl tukue
tukue enspjs
enspjs tjrgfc
tjrgfc`` pjrmjl
pjrmjlkfo
kfoak`
ak`fmf
fmfo
o sjdfrf
sjdfrf

sjmsufb.

k. Enspjs pfrftjo`m, yf`tu enspjs c`lfof pfrfs`t efoyf tjrcfpft cfbfl

stfc`ul bfrvf cfo t`cfm cfpft kjrmjlkfoa ljogfc` stfc`ul cjwfsf

cfo t`cfm tjrgfc` pjrmjlkfoak`fmfo pfrfs`t sjdfrf sjmsufb cfo pfrfs`t

 69

`o` cfpft
cfpft c`tubf
c`tubfrmf
rmfo
o mjpfcf
mjpfcf en
enspjs
spjs cjhjo`
cjhjo`t`h
t`h mfrjof
mfrjof pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t cfbfl
cfbfl

stfc`ul `o` ljrupfmfo stfc`ul `ohjmt`h.

d. Ensp
Enspjs
js `o
`otj
tjrl
rljc
jc`f
`ftj
tj (p
(pjr
jrfo
fotf
tfrf
rf),
), yf
yf`t
`tu
u en
ensp
spjs
js c`
c`lf
lfof
of pf
pfrf
rfs`t
s`t c`

cf
cfbf
bflo
loyf
yf ljog
ljogfc
fc`` kj
kjot
otum
um `o
`ohj
hjmt
mt`h
`h yf
yfoa
oa s`fp
s`fp c`
c`tu
tubf
bfrm
rmfo
fo mj
mjpf
pfcf
cf

enspjs/lfous`f yfoa bf`o.

c. Enspjs
Enspjs rjsjrvn
rjsjrvn`r,
`r, yf`tu
yf`tu ejwfo yfoa
yfoa ljoafoc
ljoafocuoa
uoa pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t yfoa sflf
sflf

cj
cjoa
oafo
fo pf
pfrfs
rfs`t
`t lfou
lfous`f
s`f cf
cfo
o cf
cfpf
pftt ljog
ljogfc
fc`` sulk
sulkjr
jr `o
`ohjm
hjms`
s` kf
kfa`
a`

lfous`f.

j. Enspjs
Enspjs nkb`af
nkb`aft,
t, yf`tu enspjs
enspjs tuoaa
tuoaafb
fb yfoa ljrupfm
ljrupfmfo
fo sftu-sft
sftu-sftuoy
uoy

spjs`js yfoa cfpftljogfc` tufo rulfe cfr` pfrfs`tj cjwfsf.

h. Ensp
Enspjs
js fbtj
fbtjro
roft
ft`h
`h,, yf
yf`t
`tu
u en
ensp
spjs
js ut
utfl
flff yf
yfoa
oa ljoa
ljoafo
focu
cuoa
oa pf
pfrfs
rfs`t
`t

ofluo fcf spjs`js bf`o yfoa cfpft sjkfaf` enspjs yfoa ljoafocuoa

pfrfs`tj cjwfsf.

a. Ensp
Enspjs
js `o
`os`
s`cj
cjot
otfb
fb,, yf
yf`t
`tu
u k`bf
k`bf su
suft
ftu
u spjs`
spjs`js
js sjdfrf
sjdfrf mj
mjkj
kjtu
tubf
bfo
o cf
cfpf
pftt

ljoafo
ljoafocuo
cuoa
a pfrfs`
pfrfs`tt cjwfsf,
cjwfsf, pfcfef
pfcfefbb en
enspj
spjss yfoa
yfoa sjsuoaa
sjsuoaaueo
ueoyf
yf

fcfbfe spjs`js bf`o.

4. Xjmtnr
Xjmtnr,, yf`tu
yf`tu ejwfo yfoa c` cfbfl tukueoy
tukueoyff tjrgfc
tjrgfc`` pjrmjl
pjrmjlkfo
kfoak`
ak`fmf
fmfo
o

cfr` pfrfs`t, cfo pfrfs`t `tu cfpft c`tubfrmfo mjpfcf lfous`f ftfu ejwfo

bf`ooyf. K`fsfoyf yfoa kjrpjrfo sjkfaf` vjmtnr fcfbfe sjrfoaaf.

;.; [jprncums` Cfo T`mbus E`cup L`mrnk`nbna` cfo Dfrf

Kjrmjlkfoak`fm cfo Yjoubfrfo Yfrfs`tnbna`

;.;.6 [jprncums` Cfo T`mbus E`cup L`mrnk`nbna`

 66

6. Yjlkjbfefo

Zluloyf kfmtjr` kjrmjlkfoa k`fm cjoafo fl`tns`s cjoafo pjlkjbfefo

ljogfc` ; kfa`fo (k`ofry c`v`s`no). Qfmtu c`fotfrf pjlkjbfefo c`sjkut

ajojrft`no t`lj cfo `o` kjrbf`ofo uotum t`fp gjo`s mulfo, kjrvfr`fs` fotfrf

;9 ljo`t sflpf` 6: gfl. Tjkfaf` dnotne lydnkfdtjr`ul

tukjrdubns`s ljlpuoyf` ajojrft`no t`lj 6: gfl.

;. Yjlkjo
Yjlkjotum
tumfo
fo tuofs
tuofs ftfu
ftfu dfkf
dfkfoa
oa

Mulfo ljlkjotum tuofs, tuofs fmfo ljbjpfsmfo c`r` cfo ljlkjotum

mulfo kfru. [jprncums` cjoafo pjlkjotumfo dfkfoa c`cfeubu` cjoafo

pjlkjotumfo tuofs yfoa tulkue ljogfc` dfkfoa cfo fme`royf

ljbjpfsmfo c`r`. Cfpft c`gulpf` pfcf mulfo cfr`

hfl`by Trjptnlydjtfdjfj.

4. Yjlk
Yjlkjo
jotu
tumf
mfo
o H`bf
H`bflj
ljo
o

Yfcf pjlkjotumfo h`bfljot, sjb ljoajbufrmfo sjrfkut pfogfoa, h`bfljot

yf
yfoa
oa t`cf
t`cfm
m kj
kjrd
rdfk
fkfo
foa.
a. Kfef
Kfefo
o mr
mrnl
nlns
nsnl
nl mj
mjlu
luc`
c`fo
fo lfsu
lfsum
m mj cf
cfbfl
bfl

h`bfljot. H`bfljot tjrputus-putus ljogfc` kjkjrfpf kfa`fo. S`fp kfa`fo

ljlkjotum
ljlkjotum mulfo kfru. C`gulpf`
C`gulpf` tjrutflf
tjrutflf cfbfl mjfcffo fkonrlfb,
fkonrlfb,

l`sfboyf
l`sfboyf k`bf mulfo Efjlnpe`bu
Efjlnpe`buss `ohbujozf
`ohbujozf c`k`fmfo
c`k`fmfo pfcf pjlkjo`efo
pjlkjo`efo

yfoa kfsfe

3. [jpr
[jprnc
ncum
ums`
s` sjdf
sjdfrf
rf sjms
sjmsuf
ufbb

Kfmtjr
Kfmtjr`` kjrkjc
kjrkjcff cjoafo
cjoafo jumfr`
jumfr`ntf
ntf cfbfl
cfbfl efb dfrf pjoaaf
pjoaafkuo
kuoafo
afo COF

yfoa cftfoa cfr` cuf `oc`v`cu mj cfbfl sftu sjb. Yfcf jumfr`ntf, prnsjs

sjmsuf
sjmsufbb sjdfrf
sjdfrf lj`ns`
lj`ns`ss cfo hjrt`b`s
hjrt`b`sfs`
fs` ljoamn
ljoamnlk`
lk`ofs
ofs`` COF cfr`
cfr` cuf
 6;

`oc`v`cu mj cfbfl sftu z`ant. Fmfo tjtfp`, gjo`s mjbfl`o yfoa fcf pfcf

jmufr`n
jmufr`ntf
tf t`cfm
t`cfm tjrcfpf
tjrcfpftt pfcf
pfcf prnmfr
prnmfr`nt
`ntf.
f. Lj`ns`
Lj`ns`ss cfo hjrt`b`
hjrt`b`sfs`
sfs` t`cfm
t`cfm

tjrgfc`, sjkfb`moyf fcf prnsjs bf`o yfoa fmfo ljoaulpubmfo COF kfmtjr`

yfoa cftfoa cfr` `oc`v`cu-`oc`v`cu yfoa kjrkjcf. Yrnsjs-prnsjs `o` fcfbfe

pjlkjbfefo trfoshnrlfs`, trfoscums` cfo mnoguafs`.

;.;.; Dfrf Kjrmjlkfoak`fm cfo Yjoubfrfo Yfrfs`tnbna`

6. Dfrf
Dfrf Yjrm
Yjrmjl
jlkf
kfoa
oa k`fm
k`fmfo
fooy
oyff

f. Sfop
Sfopff pjrm
pjrmfw
fw`o
`ofo
fo 7 ljl
ljlkj
kjbf
bfe
e

k. Cjoafo pjrmfw`ofo 7 spjrlf + nvul

;. Dfrf
Dfrf `o
`ohjs
hjstfs
tfs`` m
mjj tuk
tukue
ue

f. Bfoasuoa
Bfoasuoa 7 Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t bfoasu
bfoasuoa
oa lfsum
lfsum tukue
tukue sjpjrt`
sjpjrt` flukf
flukf

k. Sfm bfoasuoa 7

6) ca vjdtnr
vjdtnr k`oftfoa
k`oftfoa bf`o yfoa ljogfc`
ljogfc` mjocfrffo
mjocfrffo lfsum,

;) Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t ljoa`o
ljoa`ohjm
hjms`
s` k`oftf
k`oftfoa
oa sfm`t
sfm`t ljoubf
ljoubfrr mj lfous`
lfous`ff

(pjoyfm`t kjrsulkjr k`oftfoa l`sfbmfo. Yjs)

;.4 Mbfs`h`mfs` L`mrnk`nbna`

L`mrnk`nbna` cfo Gjo`s cfo Mbfs`h`mfs`
Mbfs`h`mfs` Yfrfs`tnbna`

;.4.6
;.4.6 Mbfs`h
Mbfs`h`mf
`mfs`
s` Jotjr
Jotjrnkf
nkfdt
dtjr
jr (l`mrn
(l`mrnk`n
k`nbna
bna`)
`)

6. M`oacnl 7 Kfmtjr`

;. C`v`s` 7 Yrntjnkfdtjr`f

4. Dbfss 7 Afllfprntjnkfdtjr`f

3. Nrcn 7 Jotjrnkfdtjr`fbjs
 64

:. Hfl`by 7 Jotjrnkfdtjr`djf

8. Ajous 7 Jotjrnkfdtjr

1. Tpjs`js 7 Fjrnajojs Jot

Jotjrnkfd
fdttjr, J. flo
flo`ajous, J.
J. fsk
fskur`fj, J.
J.

dfodjrnajous, J. dbnfdfj, J. dnwfo``, J. c`ssnbvjos, J. ajranv`fj, J.

enrlfjdej`, J. `otjrljc`us, J. mnkj`, J. o`l`prjssurfb`s= J. pyr`ous , J.

sfmfzfm``,

;.4.
;.4.;
; Gj
Gjo`
o`ss Cfo
Cfo Mbfs
Mbfs`h
`h`m
`mfs
fs`` Yfrf
Yfrfs`
s`tt

6. Kjrcfsfrmfo s`hft pfrfs`t.

f. Yf
Yfrf
rfs`
s`tt hfmu
hfmubt
btft
ft`h
`h..
Yfrs`t
Yfrs`t hfmubt
hfmubtft`
ft`hh fcfbfe
fcfbfe nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj yfoa
yfoa sjkjof
sjkjofroy
royff nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj e`cup
e`cup

kjkfs, tjtfp` mfrjof mnoc`s` tjrtjotu ljoaefrusmfo nrafo`slj tjrsjkut

e`cup
e`cup sjkfaf
sjkfaf`` pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t sje`oaa
sje`oaaff s`hft
s`hft e`cup
e`cup mjpfrfs
mjpfrfs`tf
`tfooy
ooyff `tu t`cfm
t`cfm

lutbfm
lutbfm.. Tjkfaf
Tjkfaf`` dnotne
dnotne bfb
bfbft-b
ft-bfbf
fbftt sjpjrt`
sjpjrt` Tfrdnp
Tfrdnpefa
efaf,
f, Derysn
Derysnly`
ly`f,
f,

Dfjbnpenrf cfo bf`o-bf`ooyf yfoa tjrlfsum mjbufraf Dfbb`penr`ofj.

k. Yfrfs`t nkb`aft.

Yrfs`t nkb`aft fcfbfe sjluf nrafo`slj

nrafo`slj yfoa uotum mjbfoasuoafo
mjbfoasuoafo e`cup
e`cup

cfo jms`stjos`oyf lutbfm ljljrbumfo enspjs. Tjluf nrafo`slj yfoa

pftnajo ljrupfmfo pfrfs`t nkb`aft.

d. Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t `os`cj
`os`cjot`
ot`bb ftf
ftfu
u pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t spnrfc
spnrfc`s.
`s.

Yfrfs`t `os`cjot`b
`os`cjot`b ftfu pfrfs`t spnrfc`d
spnrfc`d fcfbfe suftu pfrfs`t yfoa mfrjof

sjsuftu sjkfk kjrfcf pfcf enspjs yfoa t`cfm sjwfgfroyf. Dnotne pfrfs`t

`os`cjot`b7 C`pyb`c`ul dfo`oul. Yfrfs`t `o` fcfbfe dfd`oa p`tf pfcf fog`oa
 63

yfoa c`mjofb cjoafo dfd`oa p`tf k`g` mjt`luo, tjtfp` mfrjof mjkjtubfo

ftfu mfrjof suftu ‒mjdjbfmffo“ tjrcfpft pfcf lfous`f.

c. Yf
Yfrf
rfs`
s`tt jr
jrft
ft`m
`mf.
f.

Yfrfs`t jrft`mf ljrupfmfo pfrfs`t yfoa tjrcfpft pfcf enspjs yfoa wfgfr

tjtfp`
tjtfp` bnmfs`
bnmfs`oyf
oyf pfcf
pfcf cfjrfe
cfjrfe yfoa
yfoa t`cfm
t`cfm sjwfgf
sjwfgfroy
royf.
f. Dnotne
Dnotne pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t

jrft`mf 7 Fsdfr`s burokr`dn`cjs.

j. Yf
Yfrf
rfs`
s`tt spur
spur`n
`nsf
sf..

Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t spur`n
spur`nsf,
sf, `st`bfe
`st`bfe `o` sjkjof
sjkjofroy
royff t`cfm
t`cfm tjpft
tjpft uo
uotum
tum ljoyft
ljoyftfmf
fmfo
o

pfrfs`t sfbfe cuaf. Efb `o` tjrgfc` pfcf sfft c`faonsf pfsdf lft`, l`sfboy

mfrjof sjkjbul lft` fog`oa lfmfo t`ogf sfp` yfoa ljoafocuoa tjbur
dfd`oa Lno`jz`f jxpfosf, lfmf pfcf pjljr`msffo pfsdf lft` k`sf sfgf

fog`oa c`c`faonsf tjr`ohjstfs` dfd`oa Lno`jz`f jxpfosf.

4. Kjrcfs
Kjrcfsfrm
frmfo
fo wfmtu
wfmtu ftfu cjrfgf
cjrfgftt mjpfrfs`t
mjpfrfs`tfoo
fooyf
yf

f. Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t tjlp
tjlpnrj
nrjrr ftfu pfrfs
pfrfs`t
`t ono
ono pjr`nc
pjr`nc`m.
`m.

nrafo`slj yfoa sjkfa`fo wfmtu e`cupoyf efrus e`cup sjkfaf` pfrfs`t sjcfoa

s`sf e`cupoyf
e`cupoyf sjkfaf` nrafo`slj
nrafo`slj e`cup
e`cup kjkfs. Dnotne-dnotn
Dnotne-dnotne
e cfr` pfrfs`t

tjlpnrjr 7 Oyflum Fonpejbjs.

k. Yfrfs`t stfs`nojr.

Yfrfs`t stfs`nojr fcfbfe pfrfs`t yfoa sjbflf sftu stfc`ul pjrmjlkfoafooyf

ftfu sjbflf e`cupoyf sjbfbu mnotfm cjoafo enspjsoyf.

3. Kjrcfs
Kjrcfsfrm
frmfo
fo gulbfe
gulbfe enspjs
enspjsoyf
oyf
 6:

f. Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t enbn
enbnmsj
msjons
onsff ftfu pfrfs`
pfrfs`tt lnonms
lnonmsjon
jonsf.
sf.

Yfrf
Yfrfs`t
s`t en
enbn
bnms
msjo
jons
nsff fc
fcfb
fbfe
fe pf
pfrfs
rfs`t
`t yf
yfoa
oa cf
cfbf
bfl
l s`mbu
s`mbuss e`
e`cu
cupo
poyf
yf ef
efoy
oyff

ljlkutuem
ljlkutuemfo
fo sftu nrafo`slj
nrafo`slj bf`o sjkfaf`
sjkfaf` enspjs.
enspjs. Dnotne-dn
Dnotne-dnotne
otne pfrfs`t

enbnmsjonsf J`ljr`f tjojbbf.

k. Yfrfs`t ejtjrnmsjonsf.

Yf
Yfrf
rfs`
s`tt ejtj
ejtjrn
rnms
msjo
jons
nsff fcfb
fcfbfe
fe pfrf
pfrfs`
s`tt yf
yfoa
oa cf
cfbf
bfl
l s`mb
s`mbus
us e`
e`cu
cupo
poyf
yf

ljlkut
ljlkutuem
uemfo
fo bjk`e
bjk`e cfo sftu nrafo`
nrafo`slj
slj bf`o sjkfaf
sjkfaf`` enspjs
enspjsoyf
oyf.. Dnotne
Dnotne--

dnotne pfrfs`t ejtjrnmsjonsf 7 Kfkjs`f lntfs`

:. Kjrcfs
Kjrcfsfrm
frmfo
fo bnmfs
bnmfs`` ftfu prjc`b
prjc`bjms
jms`oy
`oyff
f. Jmtn
Jmtnpf
pfrf
rfs`t
s`t ftfu
ftfu jmt
jmtnz
nznf
nf..

Jmtnpfrfs`t fcfbfe pfrfs`t-pfrfs`t yfoa e`cup kjrpfrfs`toyf pfcf pjrlumffo

tukue enspjs ftfu c` cfbfro b`foa-b`foa pfcf mub`t yfoa lfs`e ljlpuoyf`

eukuoafo kjkfs cjoafo cuo`f bufr.

k. Jocnpfrfs`t ftfu jotnpfrfs`t ftfu jotnznno.

Jocnpfrfs`t
Jocnpfrfs`t fcfbfe pfrfs`t-pfrfs`
pfrfs`t-pfrfs`tt yfoa kjrbnmfs` c`cfbfl gfr`oafo
gfr`oafo tukue
tukue

enspjsoyf mjdufb` yfoa e`cup c`pjrlumffo tukue cfo c` cfbfl b`foa-b`foa

mub`t. Dnotne-dnotne jocnpfrfs`t7 C` cfbfl sfburfo pjodjroffo.

8. Kjrcfs
Kjrcfsfrm
frmfo
fo pjoafr
pjoafrueo
ueoyf
yf tjrefcf
tjrefcfp
p enspjs
enspjs

f. Yfrf
Yfrfs`t
s`t pf
pftn
tnaj
ajo.
o. Yfrf
Yfrfs`t
s`t-p
-pfrf
frfs`
s`tt sjpjrt
sjpjrt`` Ybfsl
Ybfslnc
nc`u
`ul
l hf
hfbd
bd`p
`pfr
frul
ul,, Sej`
Sej`bjr
bjr`f
`f

pfrvf, Srypfonsnlf jvfos, Kfkjs`f k`ajl`of cfo Bj`selfo`f cnonvfo` cfpft

c`anbnoamfo pfrfs`t yfoa kjrjhjm pftnajo tjrefcfp enspjsoyf.

 68

k. murfoa pftnajo. Yfrfs`t Hfsd`nbf ejpft`df murfoa pftnajo pfcf cnlkf

sjcf
sjcfoa
oa Hf
Hfsd
sd`n
`nbf
bf a`af
a`afob
ob`d
`dff murf
murfoa
oa pf
pftn
tnaj
ajo
o kf
kfa`
a` sf
sfp`
p`.. Efjl
Efjlno
node
deus
us

dnotnrtus cfo dfd`oa mf`t Kuonstnlul tjrlfsum cfpft c`anbnoamfo pfrfs`t

murfoa pftnajo.

d. Yfrfs`t
Yfrfs`t yfoa t`cfm
t`cfm pftnaj
pftnajo.
o. Sjrlfs
Sjrlfsum
um pfrfs`t
pfrfs`t t`cfm pftna
pftnajo
jo fcfbfe
fcfbfe Fsdfr`s
Fsdfr`s

Gulkr`dn`cjs pfcf kfk` cfo lfous`f.

1. Kjrcfs
Kjrcfsfrm
frmfo
fo mbfs`h`
mbfs`h`mfs
mfs`` ejwfo
ejwfo

f. Zo`s
Zo`sjb
jbub
ubjr
jr pfrf
pfrfs`
s`t.
t.

Mjkfoyfmfo ejwfo-ejwfo kjrsjb sftu sjkfa`fo kjsfr e`cupoyf sjkfaf` pfrfs`t

sjpjrt
sjpjrt`` l`sfbo
l`sfboyf,
yf, ejwfo-
ejwfo-ejw
ejwfo
fo yfoa
yfoa tjrlfsu
tjrlfsum
m h`bul
h`bul Tfrdnl
Tfrdnlfst`
fst`anp
anpenr
enrf,
f,

Fp`dnlpbjxf, L`drnspnrf, Lyxnspnrf cfo D`b`npenrf. Dnotne pfrfs`t yfoa

tjrlfsub cfbfl h`bul Tfrdnlfst`anpenrf fcfbfe Srypfonsnlf, Sr`denlnofs,

Sr`tr`denlnofs, E`stnlnofs, A`frc`f.

k. Lubt`sjbubjr pfrfs`t.

Ejwfo-ejwfo lubt`sjbubjr yfoa e`cupoyf sjkfaf` pfrfs`t mjkfoyfmfo pfcf

ejwfo-ejwfo
ejwfo-ejwfo `ovjrtjkrftf
`ovjrtjkrftf sjpjrt` yfoa tjrlfsum
tjrlfsum h`bul Ojlftejb`o
Ojlftejb`o`otejs,
`otejs,

Ybfteyejbl`otejs, Drustfdjf Frternpncf.

 61

KFK 4

YJOZSZY

4.6 MJT@LYZBFO

L`mr
L`mrnk
nk`n
`nbn
bna`
a` fcfbf
fcfbfe
e sjkuf
sjkufe
e df
dfkf
kfoa
oa cf
cfr`
r` `blu
`blu k`
k`nb
nbna
na`` yf
yfoa
oa ljlp
ljlpjbf
jbfgf
gfr`
r`

l`mrnnrafo
l`mrnnrafo`slj.
`slj. Nkgjm
Nkgjm mfg`fooyf
mfg`fooyf k`fsfoyf
k`fsfoyf fcfbfe sjluf lfmebum
lfmebum (e`cup)
(e`cup) yfoa

pjrbu c`b`eft cjoafo l`mrnsmnp, meususoyf kfmtjr`, huoa`, fbaf l`mrnsmnp`m,

prntnznf, cfo Frdefjf. X`rus sjr`oa guaf c`lfsummfo wfbfupuo sjkjofroyf t`cfm

sjpjoueoyf cfpft c`foaafp sjkfaf` lfmebum e`cup.

Yfrfs
Yfrfs`t
`tnb
nbna
na`` ljru
ljrupf
pfmf
mfo
o @blu
@blu yf
yfoa
oa ljlp
ljlpjbf
jbfgfr
gfr`` pf
pfrf
rfs`t
s`t — nr
nraf
afo`
o`sl
sljj yf
yfoa
oa

e`cupoyf ljoulpfoa cfo ljrua`mfo nrafo`slj bf`o. Zmurfo tukue pjoulpfoa

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