GFROTFI RLIMFJ\G\FI AF^\^ ^OG HI]TFATFIHFG

MH T\FIC HN\

T^\M. DLIXFKHI C\G\J

OGLJ 0

EFJHTF ^XFTHE

6:4=>6885

RTOCTFK ^]\MH MHRGOKF HHH ALRLTFSF]FI

EFA\G]F^ ^FHI^ MFI ]LAIOGOCH

\IHULT^H]F^ ^LKDHGFIDLGF^ IOULKDLT AOGFAF

AOGFAF ]FJ\I F@FTFI 4242/4246

 

GFROTFI RLIMFJ\G\FI AF^\^ ^OG HI]TFATFIHFG

MH T\FIC HN\

T^\M. DLIXFKHI C\G\J

OGLJ 0

EFJHTF ^XFTHE

6:4=>6885

Klicltfjuh,

  Rrlnlptor Fafmlkha Rrlnlptor Aghiha  

(…………………………….) (…………………………….)

 
 

H. Aois
isllp ]lo
]lorrh ^O
^OG Hi
Hitrfih
fihfg
F. Rlic
Rliclr
lrth
thfi
fi
Hsthgfj ^OG (^pfnl-onnupyhic glshoi) hitrfarfihfg klrupfafi klrupfafi
hsthgfj yfic mhcuifafi uitua clilrfghsfsh kfsfgfj tlitfic fmfiyf glsh khsfgiyf
ilopgfkf, dfha `hifa kfupui cfifs, prhklr ftfu slauimlr, mfi kfsfgfj gfhi
slplrth pfrfsht, fdsls, jlkftokf, ahstf, ftfupui kfgeorkfsh vfsaugfr. ]ukor-
tukor ^OG hitrfarfihfg klrupfafi slahtfr 8% mfrh slguruj tukor prhklr yfic
tlr`fmh pfmf kfiushf. Afrlif tukor-tukor hih dlrfmf pfmf shstlk sfrfe pusft
kfaf tukor hih kli`fmh kfsfgfj alsljftfi yfic slrhus mfi aokpglas. ]ukor-
tukor hih ukukiyf dlrfsfg mfrh dfchfi pfrliahk mfi ilurolphtlg shstlk sfrfe 
 pusft alnufgh kharocghf mfi mhplrahrfafi slahtfr =2%-<2% ^OG hitrfarfihfg
mhsldfdafi oglj tukor (Dutt, Ajfi, Njfumrjy, & Vurlsjh, 4265).
HN^OG (Hitrfnrfih
(Hitrfnrfihfg
fg ^pfnl-onnupyh
^pfnl-onnupyhic
ic Glshoi)
Glshoi) klrupfafi
klrupfafi clilrfghsf
clilrfghsfsh
sh

kfsfgfj
kfsfgfj tlitfi
tlitfic
c fmf glsh
glsh pfmf
pfmf rufic
rufic hit
hitrfn
rfnrfih
rfihfg
fg ajususi
ajususiyf
yf klicli
kliclifhfh otfa.
otfa.
Dfiyfa
Dfiyfa pliyldf
pliyldfdd yfic
yfic mfpft
mfpft klihkd
klihkduga
ugafi
fi glsh
glsh pfmf otfa
otfa slplrt
slplrthh aoitus
aoitusho
ho
slrldrh, jlkftokf, hiefra, fdsls otfa mfi tukor hitrfnrfihfg afrlif nrfihuk
klrupfafi tlkpft yfic afau mlicfi vogukl yfic tlrehasfsh kfaf glsh-glsh hih
fafi klihicaftafi tlafifi hitrfnrfihfg. ^uftu glsh yfic klgufs plrtfkf afgh,
aokomfshh mlicfi nfrf kliclgufrafi
aokomfs kliclgufrafi nfhrfi slrldrosphif
slrldrosphifgg mfrh roiccf arfihuk.
arfihuk.
Fajhriy
Fajhriyff vlif klicfg
klicfgfkh
fkh aokprl
aokprlsh
sh mfi cficcuf
cficcufi
i shr
shraug
augfsh
fsh mfrfj
mfrfj otfa
otfa mfi
nfhrfi slrldrosphifg kugfh thkdug mfi tlafifi hitrfnrfihfg kugfh ifha. Aoiclsth
vliosf
vliosf klihkd
klihkdugaf
ugafi
i plihic
plihicaft
aftfi
fi promua
promuash
sh mfi pliuru
pliuruifi
ifi fdsorp
fdsorpsh
sh nfhrfi
nfhrfi
slrldrosphifg mfi klihicaftafi vogukl mfi tlr`fmh alkdfgh jfg-jfg slplrth mh
ftfs (@himfg, Ulrkf, Cuptf, & Khtfg, 4265).
D. Ltho
thogoch
och
HN^OG
HN^OG (Hitr
(Hitrfnr
fnrfih
fihfg
fg ^pfnl-
^pfnl-onnu
onnupyh
pyhic
ic Glshoi
Glshoi)) mhsldfd
mhsldfdafi
afi oglj
oglj glsh
glsh
kh
khsf
sfgi
giyf
yf il
ilopg
opgfk
fkf,
f, dfha
dfha `hif
`hifa
a kfupu
kfupui
i cf
cfif
ifs,
s, pr
prhk
hklr
lr ft
ftfu
fu sl
slau
auiml
imlr,
r, mf
mfi
i
kfsfgf
kfsfgfj
j gfhi
gfhi slplrt
slplrthh pfrfsh
pfrfsht,
t, fdsls,
fdsls, jlkfto
jlkftokf,
kf, ahstf,
ahstf, ftfupui
ftfupui kfgeor
kfgeorkfs
kfshh
vfsaug
vfsaugfr,
fr, mhkfif
mhkfif slkufi
slkufiyf
yf klihkd
klihkduga
ugafi
fi laspfis
laspfishh mfrh
mfrh vogukl
vogukl mfrh
mfrh nfhrfi
nfhrfi
hitrfarfih
hitrfarfihfg
fg yfic alkumhfi
alkumhfi kliyldfdafi
kliyldfdafi plihicaftfi
plihicaftfi tlafifi
tlafifi hitrfarfih
hitrfarfihfg.
fg.

Rlkdlicafafi pfmf otfa mfpft mhdfch muf yfhtu mheeusl mfi eoafg (Nross, 426>).
 

Rlkdlicafafi mheeusl slrhic tlr`fmh fahdft plihicaftfi ukuk nfhrfi mh

otfa
otfa mhfahd
mhfahdfta
ftafi
fi oglj
oglj vfsomh
vfsomhgft
gftfsh
fsh ftfu
ftfu lmlkf.
lmlkf. Cficcuf
Cficcufi
i shstlk
shstlk vfsoko
vfsokotor 
tor 
mfpft kliyldfdafi vfsomhgftfsh yfic alkumhfi klihicaftfi fghrfi mfrfj mh
slrldruk. Jfg hih tlr`fmh sldfcfh rlspois tlrjfmfp jyplrnfpihf mfi jhpoashf, mfi
 `ucf tlr`fmh fahdft jlfm hi`ury.
^lgfhi htu, lmlkf mfpft tlr`fmh mfrh thcf klafihskl yfhtu vfsocliha,
shto
shtoto
toas
asha
ha mf
mfi
i hitl
hitlrs
rsth
thsh
shfg
fg.. Rf
Rfmf
mf lm
lmlk
lkff vf
vfso
socl
clih
iha
a tl
tlr`
r`fm
fmhh pl
plih
ihic
icaf
aftf
tfi
i
 plrklfdhghtfs plkduguj mfrfj slrldrfg fahdft mhseuicsh sfwfr otfa. Rfmf lmlkf
shtotoasha
shtotoasha tlr`fmh
tlr`fmh `l`fs tlrjfmfp
tlrjfmfp slg limotlg, slg cghf mfi iluroi pfmf otfa. Rfmf
lmlkff hitlrs
lmlk hitlrsths
thshfg
hfg tlr`fm
tlr`fmhh alrusf
alrusfafi
afi pfmf vlitrh
vlitrhalg
alg-vl
-vlitr
itrhal
halgg otfa,
otfa, slrhic
slrhic
mhtlkuafi pfmf afsus jhmroslefgus (Nross, 426>1 @himfg, Ulrkf, Cuptf, & Khtfg,
4265).
Rlkdlicafafi eoafg mfpft tlr`fmh fahdft fdsls slrldrfg, jlkftokf, ftfu

il
ilop
opgf
gfsk
skf.
f. Glsh
Glsh kliy
kliyld
ldfr
fr la
last
strh
rhis
isha
ha sl
slpl
plrt
rthh jl
jlkf
kfto
tokf
kf sudm
sudmur
urfg
fg mf
mfi
i
klihichokf `ucf klihicaftafi tlafifi pfmf afvhtfs otfa mfi mhsldut sldfcfh
spfnl-onnupyhic glshoi (Nross, 426>).

Rfmf ilopgfskf mfpft mhtlkuafi efator-efator rlshao dlrhaut0

6. Th
Thwf
wfyf
yftt trf
trfuk
ukff alp
alpfg
fgff
4. Efat
Efator
or clil
cliltthn
>. Rfpfrf
Rfpfrfi
i zft ahkhf
ahkhf yfic
yfic dlrshe
dlrsheft
ft afrshi
afrshiocli
ocliha 
ha 
=. Uhru
Uhruss tl
tlrt
rtli
litu
tu
<. Mleh
Mlehsh
shli
lish
sh hk
hkuio
uiogo
goch
ch
5. Aoicl
cli
ihtfg
N. Rftoe
Rftoehsh
hshog
ogoc
ochh
6. Rlihicaftfi
Rlihicaftfi tlafifi
tlafifi hitrfarfi
hitrfarfihfg
hfg (]HA)
(]HA) mfi lmlkf
lmlkf slrldrf
slrldrfgg
4. Fathvhtfs
Fathvhtfs al`fic mfi tfimf
tfimf „ tfimf
tfimf ilurogo
ilurogochs
chs eoafg
>. Jhmr
Jhmros
osle
lefg
fgus
us
=. Cfic
Cficcuf
cufi
i euics
euicshh jhpo
jhpoeh
ehsh
shss

Rfmff ef
Rfm efsl
sl fwfg,
fwfg, fdsls
fdsls otfa
otfa mht
mhtfimf
fimfhh mlicfi
mlicfi lmlkf
lmlkf gonfg,
gonfg, jyplrlk
jyplrlkhf,
hf,
hiehgtrfsh gluaosht / klguifaiyf pfrliahk trokdoshs slpshs mfi lmlkf, dldlrfpf
 

jfrh ftfu khiccu mfrh efsl fwfg tlr`fmh prosls uqul erfnthoi ftfu mhimhic ahstf
 dlrhsh pus. Alkumhfi rupturl kfaf hielash fafi klgufs alslguruj otfa mfi dhsf
thkdug klihichths. ]ukor otfa kliyldfdafi cficcufi ilurogfchs. Cl`fgf-cl`fgf
tlr`fmh dlrurutfi Jfg hih klilafiafi plithiciyf fifkilshs mfgfk plklrhasffi
aghli. Cl`fgf ilurogochn pfmf tukor otfa dhfsfiyf mhficcfp mhsldfdafi oglj
tukor mfi tlafifi hitrfarfihfg. Cficcufi vonfg tlr`fmh fpfdhgf plilafifi pfmf
 `frhicfi otfa mfi hiehgtrfsh / hiovfsh gficsuic pfmf pfrliahk otfa mlicfi
alrusfafi `frhicfi iluroi.

Rlrudfj
Rlrudfjfi
fi supgfh
supgfh mfrfj
mfrfj fahdft
fahdft tlafif
tlafifi
i yfic
yfic mht
mhthkd
hkduga
ugafi
fi tukor
tukor yfic
tukduj kliyldfdafi ilaroshs `frhicfi otfa. Cficcufi supgfh mfrfj frtlrh pfmf
ukukiyf dlrkfihelstfsh sldfcfh aljhgficfi euicsh slnfrf faut mfi kuicahi
mfpft mhafnfuafi mlicfi cficcufi nlrldro vfsauglr prhklr. ^lrficfi al`fic
sldfcfh kfihelstfsh plrudfjfi alplaffi iluro mhjuduicafi mlicfi aokplrsh
hivfsh mfi plrudfjfi supgfh mfrfj al`frhicfi otfa.

Rl
Rlih
ihica
icaft
ftfi
fi hitr
hitrfn
fnrf
rfihf
ihfgg mfpft
mfpft mh
mhfa
fahd
hdft
ftfa
fafi
fi og
oglj
lj dl
dldl
dlrf
rfpf
pf ef
efnt
ntor 
or 
0dlrtfkdfjiyf kfsf mfgfk tlicaorfa, tlrdlituaiyf olmlkf slahtfr tukor mfi
 plrudfjfi shraugfsh slrldrosphifg. Rlrtukdujfi tukor fafi kliyldfdafi
 dlrtfkdfjiyf kfssf afrlif tukor fafi klicfkdhgafi rufic yfic
yf ic rlgfthvl mfrh
rufic tlicaorfa yfic afau.

]ukor
]ukor cfifs
cfifs klihkd
klihkduga
ugafi
fi omlk mfgfk
mfgfk `fr
`frhic
hicfi
fi otfa.
otfa. Klafih
Klafihskl
skl

 dlguk slpliujiyf mhpfjfkh ifkui mhmucf mhsldfdafi slghshj oskotha yfic

kliyldfdafi
kliyldfdafi plimfrfjfi.
plimfrfjfi. Odstruash
Odstruash vlif olmlkf yfic mhsldfdafi
mhsldfdafi alrusfafi
alrusfafi
sfwfr
sfwfr mfrfj
mfrfj otfa
otfa slkufi
slkufiyf
yf klihkd
klihkduga
ugafi
fi alifhaf
alifhafi
i vogukl
vogukl hiitr
hiitrfar
farfih
fihfg.
fg.
Odslrv
Odslrvfsh
fsh shr
shraug
augfsh
fsh nfhrfi
nfhrfi slrldr
slrldro
o sphifg
sphifg mfrh
mfrh vfitrha
vfitrhalg
lg gfslrf
gfslrfgg alrufic
alrufic sud
frfn
frfnji
jioh
ohm
m klih
klihkd
kdug
ugafi
afi jhmr
jhmros
oslp
lpjfg
jfgus
us.. Rlihi
Rlihicaf
caftf
tfi
i hi
hitr
trfn
fnrf
rfih
ihfg
fg fafi
fafi
klkdfjfyfafi `hwf dhgf tlr`fmh slnfrf nlpft fahdft sfgfj sftu pliyldfd yfic
tlgfj
tlgfj mhdhnf
mhdhnfrfa
rfafi
fi sldlgu
sldlgukiy
kiyf.
f. Klafih
Klafihskl
skl aokpli
aokplisfs
sfshh klkrgu
klkrguafi
afi wfatu
wfatu
 dlrjfrh-jfrh / dlrdugfi-dugfi uitua kli`fmh lelathe mfi oglj afrlif htu thmfa 
 dlrcuif fpfdhgf tlafifi hitrfnrfihfg thkdug nlpft.
 

Klaf
Klafih
ihsk
skll ao
aokp
kpli
lisf
sfsh
sh hih
hih dl
dlal
alr`
r`ff kliu
kliuru
ruia
iafi
fi vogu
vogukl
kl mf
mfrf
rfj
j
hitr
hitrfa
farf
rfih
ihfg
fg,, voguk
vogukll nf
nfhr
hrfi
fi nlrdo
nlrdors
rsph
phif
ifg,
g, afimu
afimuicf
icfi
i nf
nfhr
hrfi
fi hi
hitr
trff sl
slgg mfi
klic
klicur
urfi
fich
ch sl
slgg-s
-slg
lg pfr
pfrli
liah
ahk
k. Alif
Alifhhafi
afi tlafi
lafifi
fi yfic
yfic thmfa
mfa mh
mhod
odft
fthh
klicfahd
ahdfta
ftafi jl
jlrrihfsh uga
ugaus/ slrld
ldu
uguk.
uk. Jlrih
ihffsh thkdug dh
dhggf
chrusklmfghsgodus tlkporfghs dlrclslr alhitlrhor klgfguh hish surft litorhfg oglj
kfssf mfgfk jlkhstlrotfa.

Jlrihfsh
Jlrihfsh klilafi lislefgoi
lislefgoi kliyldfdafi aljhg
aljhgficfi
ficfi alsfmfrfi mfi
klilafi sfrfe althcf. Rfmf jlrihfsh slrlduguk toishg sldlguk dlrclslr aldfwfj
klgfguh eorfkli kfciuk oglj suftu kfssf potlrhor,( ^ummfrt, Druiilr. 4226).
 

M. Kfihel
Kfihelstf
stfsh
sh a
aghi
ghiha 
ha 
Kliurut Nross (426>) & Druiilr & ^ummfrtj (422>) tfimf mfi cl`fgf
aghihs mfrh spfnl-onnupyhic glshoi (^OG) sldfcfh dlrhaut 0
6. Cl`f
Cl`fgf
gf mfi
mfi tfi
tfimf
mf uku
ukuk
k
Cl`fgf ukuk yfic mfpft mhtlkuafi pfmf ^OG fmfgfj sfaht alpfgf fahdft
 plihicaftfi tlafifi hitrfarfihfg. ^faht alpfgf mhplicfrujh poshsh
p oshsh mfi postur 
mfi dhfsfiyf dlrft pfmf pfch jfrh. ^faht alpfgf `ucf dlrsheft sficft dlrft mfi
thmfa dlraurfic mlicfi odft iylrh. ^lgfhi htu, cl`fgf plihicaftfi tlafifi
hitrfarfihfg gfhi slplrth kuitfj, al`fic `ucf thkdug. Rfmf dldlrfpf afsus
mfpft tlr`fmh plrudfjfi plrhgfau mfi klkorh. Al`fic yfic tlr`fmh dhsf thpl
eoaf
eoafgg ft
ftfu
fu ukuk
ukuk.. ^l
^lgf
gfhi
hi htu
htu ^OG
^OG mf
mfpf
pftt klih
klihkd
kdug
ugaf
afi
i tf
tfim
imf-
f-tf
tfim
imff
alglkfjfi, ftfashf ftfu cficcufi cfht. Mlehsht `ucf mfpft mhtlkuafi pfmf
 plicghjftfi mfi sfft pfshli dlrnfafp. Rlklrhasffi euimusaoph ftfu

optfgkosa
optfgkosaoph
oph mfpft
mfpft klilku
klilkuafi
afi pfphggo
pfphggolml
lmlkf
kf yfhtu
yfhtu tfimf
tfimf plihic
plihicaft
aftfi
fi
tlafifi hitrfarfihfg.
4. ]f
]fim
imf-
f-tf
tfim
imff klgoa
klgoafg
fghs
hshr 
hr 
f. Godu
Goduss tl
tlkp
kpor
orfg
fghs
hs
Gl
Glsh
sh pfmf
pfmf godus
godus tl
tlkp
kpor
orfg
fghs
hs sl
slrh
rhic
ic klih
klihkd
kdug
ugafi
afi cficc
cficcufi
ufi
 pshaogochs yfic ukuk slplrth plrudfjfi plrhgfau mfi lkosh. ^lgfhi htu
 pfshli `ucf mfpft klicfgfkh jfgushifsh mfi mè`â vu. Glsh pfmf godus
tlkporfghs `ucf mfpft kliyldfdafi fefshf.

]uko
]ukorr pf
pfmf
mf mflrf
mflrfj
j hi
hihh mf
mfpft
pft klic
klicfa
fahd
hdft
ftafi
afi al`fi
al`fic
c mlicf
mlicfi
i
jfgushifsh, elioklif kotorha mfi cficcufi alsfmfrfi lastlrifg tfipf
 pliuruifi alsfmrfi yfic dlifr. Glsh godus tlkporfghs mfpft klicfrfj
alpfmf mlplrsoifghsfsh, cficcufi lkosh, cficcufi shafp, slisfsh mè`â vu
ftfu `fkfhs vu, kharopshf ftfu kfaropshf (od`la alghjftfi gldhj alnhg
ftfu
ftfu gldhj
gldhj dlsfr
dlsfr mfrhpf
mfrhpfmf
mf sljfru
sljfrusiy
siyf),
f), cficcuf
cficcufi
i gfpfic
gfpficfi
fi pfimfic
pfimfic
(nross
(nrosslm
lm upplr
upplr qufmrf
qufmrfitf
itfiop
iophf)
hf) mfi hg
hgush
ush fumhto
fumhtorha
rha ftfu
ftfu jfgush
jfgushifs
ifshh
fu
fumo
moto
torh
rha,
a, Gl
Glsh
sh dfjfc
dfjfchf
hfi
i ah
ahrh
rh mf
mfpft
pft klicf
klicfah
ahdft
dftaf
afi
i my
mysi
siok
okhf
hf mfi
 

rlnlpthvl
rlnlpthvl fpjfshf, mfi glsh pfmf dfchfi afifi kliccficu plrslpsh pfmf
ifmf mfi klgomh.
 d. Godus eroitfghs
Glsh pfmf godus eroitfghs mfpft kliyldfdafi tlr`fmhiyf fioskhf.
Cficcu
Cficcufi
fi plrhg
plrhgfau
fau `ucf
`ucf mfpft
mfpft tlr
tlr`fm
`fmhh mhkfif
mhkfif pfshli
pfshli htu nlimlr
nlimlruic
uic
 dlrplrhgfau thmfa sopfi mfi thmfa `u`ur. Fefshf mfpft tlr`fmh fpfdhgf
f pfdhgf frlf
 dronf tlrghdft.
]uko
]ukorr pf
pfmf
mf godu
goduss er
eroi
oitf
tfgh
ghss sl
slrh
rhic
icaf
afgh
gh klic
klicfr
frfj
fj al
alpf
pfmf
mf
 pliuruifi procrlshe hitlglatufg, plrgfkdftfi fathvhtfs klitfg, cficcufi
 plrsoifghty mfi rleglx crfsphic aoitrfgftlrfg. Rfshli kuicahi klicfrfj
alpfmf fefshf lasprlshe `haf klghdftafi dfjfchfi postlrhor
p ostlrhor mfrhpfmf cyrus
eroitfghs
eroitfghs hielrhor shihstrf.
shihstrf. Fioskhf
Fioskhf mfpft tlr`fmh afrlif tlafifi
tlafifi pfmf
sfrfe ogefatorhus.
ogefatorhus. Glsh prlslitrfg
prlslitrfg mfpft klicfahdftaf
klicfahdftafi
i al`fic kotorhn

eoafg ftfu mlehsht phrfkhmfghs aoitrfgftlrfg.

n. Godu
Goduss pf
pfrh
rhli
litf
tfgg
Glsh pfmf godus pfrhltfg mfpft kliyldfdafi tlr`fmhiyf fstlrlocioshs mfi
mhsefshf. ^lgfhi htu mfpft `ucf tlr`fmh aljhgficfi jlkhslisorha.
m. Godu
Goduss on
onnh
nhph
phtf
tfgg
Glsh sldlguk njhfskf opthn mfrh kftf fafi kliyldfdafi cficcufi pfmf
sftu
sftu kftf
kftf sf`f.
sf`f. Glsh
Glsh pfmf njhfsk
njhfskff opthn
opthn tlr
tlrsld
sldut
ut fafi
fafi kliyld
kliyldfdaf
fdafi
i
cficcufi almuf kftf. Glsh mh dlgfafic njhfskf opthn fafi kliyldfdafi
cficcufi pfmf kftf yfic dlrgfwfifi.
l. ^u
^umu
mutt sl
slrl
rldl
dlgg
ggop
opoit
oithi
hi
Glshh pfmf sumut
Gls sumut slrldl
slrldlggo
ggopoit
poithi
hi mfpft
mfpft kliyldf
kliyldfdaf
dafi
i tugh
tugh hpshgf
hpshgftlr
tlrfg,
fg,
thiihtus, iystfckus, pliuruifi rleglas aorilf, pfgsh mfrh sfrft arfihfg
efshfghs mfi trhclkhius.
e. Klslislefgoi
]fimf-
]fimf-tfi
tfimf
mf slplrt
slplrthh puphg
puphg fihsoa
fihsoaor,
or, hifdhg
hifdhghth
hthls
ls klicclr
klicclrfaa
faafi
fi
kftf al ftfs ftfu al dfwfj, fkilshf, mfi alsfmfrfi sokiogli slrhic
thkdug fpfdhgf tlrmfpft glsh pfmf klslislefgoi.
 

]ukor hitrfnrfihfg mfpft klicfrfj alpfmf cficcufi euicsh slrldrfg

sl
slnf
nfrf
rf ukuk
ukuk mf
mfi
i klkp
klkplr
lrgh
ghjft
jftaf
afi
i tf
tfim
imf-
f-tf
tfim
imff pl
plih
ihica
icaft
ftfi
fi tl
tlaf
afifi
ifi
hitrfnrfih
hitrfnrfihfg.
fg. Afrlif htu, mfpft tlr`fmh
tlr`fmh plrudfjfi
plrudfjfi plrsoifght
plrsoifghtfs,
fs, pliuruifi
pliuruifi
hitlgl
hitlglatuf
atufg,
g, gfdhgh
gfdhghtfs
tfs lkosh,
lkosh, al`fic,
al`fic, sfaht
sfaht alpfgf
alpfgf,, kufg
kufg mfi kfgfhs
kfgfhsl.
l. @haf
@haf
tlafifi hitrfnrfihfg klihicaft mh mfgfk ruicfi arfihfg tlrtlitu `frhicfi otfa 
mf
mfpf
pftt klicf
klicfgf
gfkh
kh jl
jlri
rihf
hfsh
sh al mf
mfgf
gfk
k ru
rufi
ficf
cfi
i ml
mlicf
icfi
i tl
tlafi
afifi
fi rl
rlim
imfj
fj..
^himrokf yfic pfghic slrhic mhtlkuafi fmfgfj jlrihfsh godus tlkporfghs al
mfgfk jhftus tlitorhf
tlitorhf sljhiccf
sljhiccf klicfahdftaf
klicfahdftafi
i aokprlsh
aokprlsh sfrfe arfihfg HHH,
 dftfic otfa mfi frtlrh nlrldrfghs postlrhor. ]fimf pfghic fwfg uitua shimrokf
hih fmfgfj
fmfgfj mhgftf
mhgftfsh
sh puphg,
puphg, ]fimf-t
]fimf-tfimf
fimf slplrt
slplrthh puphg
puphg fihsoa
fihsoaor,
or, hifdhg
hifdhghth
hthls
ls
klicc
klicclr
lrfa
faaf
afi
i kftf
kftf al ft
ftfs
fs ft
ftfu
fu al df
dfwf
wfj,
j, fkil
fkilsh
shf,
f, mf
mfi
i al
alsf
sfmf
mfrf
rfi
i
sokiogli slrhic thkdug fpfdhgf tlrmfpft glsh pfmf klslislefgoi.

]ukor hitrfnrfihfg mfpft klicfrfj alpfmf cficcufi euicsh slrldrfg

sl
slnf
nfrf
rf ukuk
ukuk mf
mfi
i klkp
klkplr
lrgh
ghjft
jftaf
afi
i tf
tfim
imf-
f-tf
tfim
imff pl
plih
ihica
icaft
ftfi
fi tl
tlaf
afifi
ifi
hitrfnrfih
hitrfnrfihfg.
fg. Afrlif htu, mfpft tlr`fmh
tlr`fmh plrudfjfi
plrudfjfi plrsoifght
plrsoifghtfs,
fs, pliuruifi
pliuruifi
hitlgl
hitlglatuf
atufg,
g, gfdhgh
gfdhghtfs
tfs lkosh,
lkosh, al`fic,
al`fic, sfaht
sfaht alpfgf
alpfgf,, kufg
kufg mfi kfgfhs
kfgfhsl.
l. @haf
@haf
tlafifi hitrfnrfihfg klihicaft mh mfgfk ruicfi arfihfg tlrtlitu `frhicfi otfa 
mf
mfpf
pftt klicf
klicfgf
gfkh
kh jl
jlri
rihf
hfsh
sh al mf
mfgf
gfk
k ru
rufi
ficf
cfi
i ml
mlicf
icfi
i tl
tlafi
afifi
fi rl
rlim
imfj
fj..
^himrokf yfic pfghic slrhic mhtlkuafi fmfgfj jlrihfsh godus tlkporfghs al
mfgfk jhftus tlitorhf
tlitorhf sljhiccf
sljhiccf klicfahdftaf
klicfahdftafi
i aokprlsh
aokprlsh sfrfe arfihfg HHH,
 dftfic otfa mfi frtlrh nlrldrfghs postlrhor. ]fimf pfghic fwfg uitua shimrokf

hih fmfgfj mhgftfsh puphg, mhhauth mlicfi stupor, aokfposturfsh mlslrldrfsh

mfi alsughtfi plrifefsfi. ^ftu gfch shimrokf jlrihfsh plithic tlrmhrh mfrhpfmf
 pliuruifi toishgfr nlrldrlgh klglwfth eorfkli kfciuk, sljhiccf
klicf
klicfah
ahdf
dfta
tafi
fi ao
aokp
kprl
rlsh
sh klmu
klmugg
ggfr
frhs
hs yf
yfic
ic klic
klicfr
frfj
fj alpfm
alpfmff fp
fpilf
ilf,,
nhrnugftory noggfpsl mfi alkfthfi. ^himrokf jlrihfsh gfhi fmfgfj gldhj `frfic
mfi alplithicfi aghihs yfic aurfic `lgfs. ]ukor hitrfnrfihfg mfpft klicfrfj
alpfmf mlehsht eoafg tlrcfituic goafshiyf.
 

L. Rlkl
Rlklrha
rhasff
sffi
i pliui`
pliui`fic
fic
Kliurutt Kfxhil,
Kliuru Kfxhil, ^tlpjli,
^tlpjli, & Khnjflg
Khnjflg (426>)1
(426>)1 Kustfef
Kustfef & Kfjkoum
Kfjkoum
(426=)
(426=) dldlrfp
dldlrfpff plklrh
plklrhasf
asffi
fi pliui`
pliui`fic
fic yfic mfpft
mfpft mhg
mhgfaua
fauafi
fi sldfcf
sldfcfhh
 dlrhaut 0
6. Jlfm N]
N]-^nfi
N]-^nf
N]-^nfi
i klrupf
klrupfafi
afi klrupfa
klrupfafi
fi fgft
fgft mhfcio
mhfciosth
stha
a yfic
yfic plithi
plithic
c
mfgfk
mfgfk lvfguf
lvfgufsh
sh pfshli
pfshli yfic mhmucf
mhmucf klimlr
klimlrhtf
htf tukor
tukor otfa.
otfa. N]-
N]-^nf
^nfi
i
klrupf
klrupfafi
afi plklrh
plklrhasf
asffi
fi yfic
yfic kumfj,
kumfj, slmlrj
slmlrjfif,
fif, ioi hivfsh
hivfshe,
e, thmfa 
thmfa 
 dlrdfjfyf, mfi wfatu plklrhasffi gldhj shicaft. Althaf ahtf
kliccui
kliccuifafi
fafi N]-^nf
N]-^nfi
i mlicfi
mlicfi aoitrf
aoitrfs,
s, ahtf
ahtf mfpft
mfpft klimlt
klimltlas
lashh tukor 
tukor 
yfic fmf.

N]-^n
N]-^nfi
fi thmf
thmfa
a jf
jfiyf
iyf mf
mfpft
pft kliml
klimltl
tlas
ashh tu
tuko
kor,
r, tl
tltf
tfph
ph mfpft
mfpft

kliui`u
kliui`uaaa
aaafi
fi `l
`lih
ihss tuko
tukorr fpf,
fpf, af
afrl
rlif
if sl
slth
thfp
fp tu
tuko
korr hi
hitr
trfa
farf
rfih
ihfg
fg
kliui`uaafi cfkdfr yfic dlrdlmf pfmf N]-^nfi.
Cfkdfrfi N]-^nfi pfmf tukor otfa, ukukiyf tfkpfa sldfcfh
glsh fdiorkfg dlrupf kfssf yfic klimoroic struatur otfa mhslahtfriyf.
Dhfsfiyf tukor otfa mhalghghich `frhicfi olmlk yfic tlrghjft `lgfs afrlif
mlisht
mlishtfsi
fsiyf
yf gldhj
gldhj rlimfj
rlimfj.. Fmfiyf
Fmfiyf afgshe
afgshehaf
hafsh
sh,, plrmfr
plrmfrfjf
fjfi
i ftfu
ftfu hivfsh
hivfsh
kumfj mhdlmfafi mlicfi `frhicfi slaht
slahtfriyf
friyf afrlif sheftiyf
sheftiyf jhplrmlis.
jhplrmlis.
Dldl
Dldlrf
rfpf
pf `l
`lih
ihss tuko
tukorr fafi
fafi tl
tlrg
rghj
hjft
ft gl
gldh
dhj
j iyft
iyftff dh
dhgf
gf pf
pfmf
mf wfat
wfatu
u
 plklrhasffi N]-^nfi mhslrtfh mlicfi plkdlrhfi zft aoitrfs.
Alaurficfi N]-^nfi fmfgfj aurfic plaf mfgfk klimltlash kfssf tukor 
yfic
yfic alnhg,
alnhg, kfssf
kfssf yfic dlrmla
dlrmlaftf
ftfi
i mlicfi
mlicfi str
struat
uatur
ur tug
tugfic
fic arfihu
arfihuk,
k,
kfupui kfssf mh dftfic otfa.
Rfmff plrmfr
Rfm plrmfrfjf
fjfi
i sudmur
sudmurfg
fg faut
faut N]-^nf
N]-^nfi
i alpfgf
alpfgf (ioi
(ioi aoitrfs
aoitrfs))
tfkpfa
tfkpfa sldfcfh suftu kfssf jhplrmlis (puthj) lastrf-fas
lastrf-fashfg
hfg dlrdlitua 
dlrdlitua 
 dugfi sfdht slpfi`fic dfchfi mfgfk (hiilr tfdgl) tlicaorfa mfi pfghic
 dfiyfa tlrmfpft pfmf aoivlashtfs otfa mhmflrfj pfrhltfg.
pf rhltfg. ]lrmfpft mfgfk
 `ukgfj yfic gldhj slmhaht mhmflrfj dfchfi ftfs tlitorhuk slrldlgh.

Rlrmfrfjfi sudmurfg yfic slmhaht (skfgg ^MJ) mfpft dlrdfur mlicfi

 

cfkdf
dfrrfi tugfic tlica
cao
orfa mfi jfiyf fafi tfkpf
pfa
a mli
lic
cfi
kliylsufhafi N] whimow whmtj. Rlrclslrfi cfrhs tlicfj (khmmgl sjhet)
fa
fafi
fi tf
tfkp
kpfa
fa pf
pfmf
mf pl
plrm
rmfr
frfj
fjfi
fi sudm
sudmur
urfg
fg yf
yfic
ic sl
slmf
mfic
ic ft
ftfu
fu dl
dlsf
sfr 
r 
vogukliyf. Dhgf thmfa fmf khmmgl sjhet jfrus mhnurhcfh fmfiyf kfssf
aoitrfgftl
aoitrfgftlrfg
rfg mfi dhgf khmmgl sjhet jldft jfrus mhnurhcfh
mhnurhcfh fmfiyf lmlkf
slrldrfg yfic klimfsfrhiyf.
Rfmf efsl faut sudmurfg kli`fmh hsomlis tlrjfmfp `frhicfi otfa 
sljhic
sljhiccf
cf gldhj
gldhj sught
sught mhihgf
mhihgfhh pfmf
pfmf cfkdfr
cfkdfrfi
fi N]-^nf
N]-^nfi,
i, ogl
oglj
j afrlif
afrlif htu
 plklrhasffi N]-^nfi mlicfi aoitrfs ftfu KTH slrhic mhplrcuifafi
 pfmf afsus plrmfrfjfi sudmurfg mfgfk wfatu =:-34 `fk sltlgfj trfukf.
Rfmf plklrhasffi N] mlicfi aoitrfs, vlif-vlif aorthafg fafi tfkpfa 
 `lgfs mhplrkuaffi otfa mfi klkdftfsh sudmurfg jlkftokf mfi `frhicfi
otfa. Rlrmfrfjfi sudmurfg faut slrhic `ucf dlrdlitua glisf (dhaoivlas)

sljhiccf
sljhiccf klkdhi
klkdhicuic
cuicafi
afi mfgfk
mfgfk klkdlm
klkdlmfafi
fafiiyf
iyf mlicfi
mlicfi lphmur
lphmurfg
fg
jlkftokf.
Rfmf efsl aroiha glsh sudmurfg pfmf cfkdfrfi N]-^nfi tfipf
aoitrfs kli`fmh jhpomlis mfi sficft kumfg mhghjft. Dhgf pfmf N]-^nfi
alpfgf
alpfgf tlgfj
tlgfj mhtlku
mhtlkuafi
afi plrmfr
plrmfrfjfi
fjfi sudmur
sudmurfg,
fg, sficft
sficft plithi
plithic
c uitua 
uitua 
klklrh
klklrhasf
asf alkuic
alkuicahi
ahifi
fi fmfiyf
fmfiyf glsh
glsh gfh
gfhi
i yfic
yfic dlrjudu
dlrjuduicfi
icfi slplrt
slplrthh
erfatur tlicaorfa, aoitusho `frhicfi otfa mfi plrmfrfjfi sudfrfajiohm.
Rfmf fdsls, N]-^nfi mfpft mhcuifafi sldfcfh plkfimu uitua 
mhgfauafiiyf dhopsh. Dhopsh fsphrfsh fdsls hih mhgfauafi uitua alplrgufi
mhfciostha kfupui tlrfph.
4. Kfcilt
Kfcilthn
hn Tlsoif
Tlsoifinl
inl Hkfchi
Hkfchic
c (KTH)
(KTH)
KTHH klru
KT klrupf
pfaf
afi
i pl
plkl
klrh
rhas
asff
ffi
i yf
yfic
ic pf
pfgh
ghic
ic df
dfha
ha tl
tlru
rutf
tfkf
kf ui
uitu
tua 
a 
klimlt
klimltlas
lashh tukor
tukor yfic
yfic dlruaur
dlruaurfi
fi alnhg
alnhg ftfupui
ftfupui tukor
tukor yfic
yfic dlrfmf
dlrfmf
mhdfshs arfihuk, dftfic otfa mfi mh eossf postlrhor. KTH `ucf gldhj dfha 
mfgfk klkdlrhafi cfkdfrfi glsh plrmfrfjfi, ahstha, ftfu, kfssf pfmft
tukor hitrfarfihfg.
 

>. Mfr
Mfrfj Glic
Glicaf
afp
p
Rlklrh
Rlklrhasf
asffi
fi mfrfj
mfrfj glicaf
glicafp
p mfpft
mfpft mh`fmh
mh`fmhafi
afi sfgfj
sfgfj sftu
sftu auinh
auinh uitua 
uitua 
klilkuafi algfhifi mfgfk tuduj. Khsfgiyf pfmf fdsls slrldrh mfpft
mhtlkuafi gluaoshtoshs.
=. Eoto ]or
]orffas
Eoto torfas mhgfauafi uitua klicltfjuh fpfafj fmf tukor mh pfru yfhtu
tlkpft tlrslrhic uitua tlr`fmhiyf kltfstfshs prklr pfru. Rfmf jlkftokf,
mfpft mhtlkuafi `ucf plrudfjfi struatur tugfic, plrudfjfi struatur cfrhs
(plrmfrfjfi/ lmlkf) mfi erfckli tugfic.
<. Dhopsh
Rfmf tukor otfa, dhopsy mhgfauafi uitua klicltfjuh `lihs slg tukor 
tlrsldut
tlrsldut sljhiccf
sljhiccf mfpft klkdfitu moatlr uitua klichmlith
klichmlithehafsh
ehafsh thpl
mf
mfi
i st
stfm
fmhu
huk
k tuko
tukorr mfi klil
klilit
ituaf
uafi
i pl
plico
icodf
dftf
tfi
i yfic
yfic tl
tlpft
pft sl
slplr
plrth
th

fpfafj fafi mhgfauafi plicficaftfi slguruj tukor ftfupui mhgfauafi

rfmhotlrfph.
5. Gukdf
ukdfgg puic
puicsh
sh
Rlklrhasffi hih mhgfauafi uitua klilituafi `lihs hielash ftfu tukor 
 pfmf otfa. Ifkui, plklrhasffi gukdfg puicsh mhaoitrfhimhafshafi pfmf
 pfshli mlicfi tlafifi hitrfarfihfg yfic thicch.
E. Rlif
Rliftf
tfgf
gfas
asfi
fiff
ffi
i

Kliurut Mlwfito, Clorcl, ^uwoio, Thyfito, & ]urfif (4228) fmf 4 pliftf

gfasfiffi yfic mfpft mhgfauafi uitua pliyfaht ^OG yfhtu 0

6. ]l
]lrf
rfph
ph supo
suport
rthe 
he 
]lrfphh suporthe
]lrfp suporthe dlreoaus
dlreoaus pfmf klrhicfiafi cl`fgf mfi klihicaftafi
klihicaftafi
euicsh iluroghcha pfshli. ]lrfph suporthe yfic utfkf mhcuifafi fmfgfj
fithaoivugsfi mfi aorthaostlrohm.
f. Fith
Fithao
aoiv
ivug
ugsf
sfi
i
Fithaoivugsfi mhdlrhafi pfmf pfshli yfic kliui`uaafi tfimf-tfimf
sl
slhz
hzur
url.
l. Rj
Rjliy
liyto
tohi
hi (>22
(>22-=
-=22
22kc
kc/m
/m)) fm
fmfg
fgfj
fj yf
yfic
ic pf
pfgh
ghic
ic ukuk
ukuk
 

mhcuifafi, tfph nfrdfkfzlphil (522-6222kc/j). Rjliodfrdhtog (82-

6<2kc/j) mfi vfgprohn fnhm (3<2-6<22kc/j) `ucf mfpft mhcuifafi.
 d. Aorthaostlrohm
Aort
Aortha
haos
ostl
tlro
rohm
hm klic
klicur
urfi
fich
ch um
umlk
lk plrht
plrhtuk
ukor
orfg
fg mfi lkic
lkicur
urfi
fich
ch
tlafifi hitrfarfihfg. Lelaiyf klicurfich sfaht alpfgf mlicfi nlpft.
Mlxfkltjfsoi
Mlxfkltjfsoill fmfgfj aorthaostlrohm
aorthaostlrohm yfic mhphghj
mhphghj afrlif fathehtfs
khilrfgaorthaohm yfic khihkfg. Moshsiyf mfpft mhdlrhafi kugfh mfrh
65
65kc
kc/j
/j tl
tltf
tfph
ph mosh
moshss hih
hih mf
mfpf
pftt mh
mhtf
tfkd
kdfj
fj ft
ftfu
fu mh
mhau
aurf
rfic
ichh uitu
uitua 
a 
klinfp
klinfpfh
fh moshs
moshs yfic yfic
yfic mhdutu
mhdutujafi
jafi uitua
uitua klicoit
klicoitrog
rog cl`fgf
cl`fgf
ilurogocha.
n. Kfihtog
Mhcuifafi uitua klicurfich plihicaftfi tlafifi hitrfarfihfg.
4. ]l
]lrf
rfph
ph mle
mlehi
hiht
hthv
hvll

f. Rlkdlmfjfi
Dlrt
Dlrtu`
u`ufi
ufi klic
klicur
urfi
fich
ch le
lela
la kfss
kfssff mf
mfi
i lm
lmlk
lkf,
f, klgh
klghim
imuic
uichh mf
mfi
i
klkp
klkplr
lrdfh
dfhah
ah euic
euicsh
sh iluro
ilurogo
goch
chs,
s, klic
klicur
urfi
fich
ch al`fm
al`fmhf
hfi
i al`fi
al`fic,
c,
kli`fcf fghrfif nfhrfi slrldrosphifghs, mfi klkplrdfhah procioshs
 d. ]lrfph rfmhfsh
]lrfph rfmhfsh klicfitfrafi rfmhfsh yfic klichoihsfsh slg-slg
tukor. Hoihsfsh hih klrusfa MIF slgtukor mfi klicjlithafi prosls
 plkdlgfjfi slg tukor mfi klicjlithafi prosls plkdlgfjfi
slgtukor yfic pfmf fajhriyf klkfthafi slg tukor.
]lrfph rfmhfsh klkfhiafi plrfi plithic mfgfk plicodftfi
tuko
tukorr otfa
otfa pf
pfmf
mf orfi
orfic
c ml
mlwf
wfsf
sf.. ]l
]lrf
rfph
ph rf
rfmh
mhfs
fshh fm
fmfg
fgfj
fj tl
tlrf
rfph
ph
ioiplkdlmfjfi yfic pfghic lelathe uitua pfshli mlicfi kfghcifit
cghokff mfi `ucf sficft plithic dfch plicodftfi pfshli mlicfi gow-
cghok
crfml cghokf.
n. Alkotlrfph
Alkotl
Alkotlrfp
rfphh jfiyf
jfiyf slmhah
slmhahtt dlrkfi
dlrkfieff
efftt mfgfk
mfgfk plicodft
plicodftfi
fi
 pfshli mlicfi klghcifit cghokf. Alkotlrfph thmfa klkplrpfi`fic

rftf-rftf plrtfjfifi slkuf pfshli, tltfph sldufj sudcroup tlrtlitu

 

ifkpfaiyf dlrtfjfi gldhj gfkf mlicfi plifkdfjfi alkotlrfph mfi

rf
rfmh
mhot
otlr
lrfp
fph.
h. Alko
Alkotl
tlrf
rfph
ph `u
`ucf
cf th
thmf
mfa
a dl
dlrp
rplr
lrfi
fi df
dfiy
iyfa
fa mf
mfgf
gfk
k
 plicodftfi pfshli mlicfi gow-crfml fstronytokf. ^ldfghaiyf
alko
alkotl
tlrrfph
fph mhs
mhsfr
frfi
fiaf
afi
i uitu
uitua
a plic
plicod
odft
ftfi
fi pfs
pfshl
hli
i mlic
mlicfi
fi
oghcomlimrocghokf.

Rlificfifi ajusus tlrcfituic mfrh pliyldfd ftfu lthogoch glsh

hitrfarfihfg tlrsldut. Fitfrf lthogoch mfrh ^pfnl-onnupyhic glshoi (^OG)
fmfgfj kfghcifish (tukor prhklr ftfu kltfstfshs), hielash (fdsls slrldrh,
sudmurfg
sudmurfg fdsls, lphmurfg fdsls,
fdsls, ahstf jhmfthm), plrmfrfjfi
plrmfrfjfi (hitrfslr
(hitrfslrldrfg
ldrfg,,
sudmurfg, lphmurfg) mfi crfiugokf
c rfiugokf (iluroshsthslraoshs, tudlraugokf).

Fpfdhgf sumfj mhtlcfaafi tukor, mfpft mhgfauafi dhopsh uitua 

klichm
klichmlit
litheh
hehafs
afshh slnfrf
slnfrf jhstog
jhstogoch
och thpl
thpl mfi crfml
crfml mfrh
mfrh tukor
tukor tlr
tlrsld
sldut.
ut.

]ukorr otfa
]uko otfa dhfs
dhfsfi
fiyf
yf mhtf
mhtfic
icfi
fihh mlicf
mlicfi
i op
oplr
lrfs
fsh,
h, tl
tlrf
rfph
ph rf
rfmh
mhfs
fshh mfi
alkotlrfph.

Rfmf fdsls slrldrh, tlrfph fithkharodf jfrus mhdlrhafi dlrsfkffi

mlicfi plificfifi jhplrtlish hitrfarfihfg. Fithdhotha mhdlrhafi slgfkf =
sfkpfh : khiccu. \aurfi mfi `ukgfj fdsls jfrus mhlvfgufsh mfrh N]
^nfi ftfu KTH. Fdsls mlicfi uaurfi gldhj mfrh 4,<nk mfpft mhlashsh ftfu
mhfsph
mhfsphrfs
rfsh.
h. Fdsls
Fdsls mlicfi
mlicfi uaurfi
uaurfi aurfic
aurfic mfrh
mfrh 4,<nk
4,<nk mhfsph
mhfsphrfs
rfshh uitua 
uitua 
tu`ufi mhfciostha.

Rfmff afsus
Rfm afsus plrmfr
plrmfrfjf
fjfi,
i, tla
tlafif
fifi
i mfrfj
mfrfj jfrus
jfrus mht
mhturu
uruiafi
iafi mfi
tfimf-t
tfimf-tfim
fimff vhtfg
vhtfg mhstfd
mhstfdhga
hgafi.
fi. Oplrfs
Oplrfshh th
thmfa
mfa mhrlaok
mhrlaoklimf
limfsha
shafi
fi pfmf
 pfshli mlicfi plimfrfjfi mh dfwfj 62nk>, mlicfi mlehsht ilurogochs
khih
khihkf
kfg.
g. Rf
Rfsh
shli
li ml
mlic
icfi
fi pl
plim
imfr
frfj
fjfi
fi 9>nk
9>nk mh sl
slrl
rldl
dlgu
guk
k ml
mlic
icfi
fi
 pliuruifi ilurogochs jfrus mhoplrfsh slclrf. Fitfrf thimfafi oplrfsh
yfic mhgfauafi fmfgfj mrfhifsl
m rfhifsl (durr jogl) ftfu arfihotokh.
 

HH
HH.. Aois
Aoislp
lp Fsuj
Fsujfi
fi Alpl
Alplrf
rfwf
wftf
tfi
i
6. Rlicaf`h
f`hfi
f. Fifkilsf
6) Hmlithtfs
Hmlithtfs aghli0
aghli0 ushf,
ushf, `lihs algfkhi,
algfkhi, plimhmhaf
plimhmhafi,
i, fgfkft,
fgfkft, plalr`ffi,
plalr`ffi, fcfkf,
suau dficsf, tcg KT^, fsals, mst.
4) Algujfi
Algujfi utfkf0
utfkf0 iylrh
iylrh alpfgf
alpfgf mhslrt
mhslrtfh
fh pliuruifi
pliuruifi alsfmfr
alsfmfrfi.
fi.
>) Thwfyf
Thwfyftt pliyfah
pliyfahtt slafrf
slafrfic0
ic0 mlkfk,
mlkfk, fiorla
fiorlash
sh mfi kfgfhs
kfgfhsll plihicch
plihicchfi
fi
tlafifi hitrfarfihfg slrtf cl`fgf ilrogocha eoafg.
=) Thwfyf
Thwfyftt pliyfah
pliyfahtt mfjugu
mfjugu00 plrifj,
plrifj, ftfu thmfa
thmfa klimlr
klimlrhtf
htf hielash
hielash tlghicf
tlghicf
(othths klmhf, kfstohmhths) ftfu hielash pfru-pfru (droiahlatfashs, fdsls
 pfru, lkphlkf), `fituic (limoafrmhths), orcfi plgvhs.
<) Rl
Rlkl
klrh
rhas
asff
ffi
i ehsh
ehsha 
a 
5) Fath
Fathvh
vhtf
tfss / hsthr
hsthrfj
fjft
ft

Cl`fgf 0 Kfgfhsl
]fimf 0Ftfashf, kfsfgfj
kfsfgfj dlr`fgfi, algukpujfi, clrfafi hivoguitlr.
3) ^hraugfsh
Cl`fgff 0 Fmfiyf rhwfyft afrmhopftogo
Cl`fg afrmhopftogoch,
ch, slplrth limoafrmht
limoafrmhths
hs
]fimf
]fimf 0]M klihicaf
klihicaft,
t, I 0 kliuru
kliurui
i (dlrju
(dlrjudui
duicfi
cfi mlicfi plihicaft
plihicaftfi
fi
]HA mfi plicfruj pfmf vfsokotor).
:) Lghkhif
ifssh
8) Iutrhsh
Cl`fgff 0 Aljhgficfi
Cl`fg Aljhgficfi ifesu kfafi,
kfafi, mhsefchf
mhsefchf (pfmf plrhoml faut)
faut)
]fimf 0 Fiorlashf,
Fiorlashf, kuitfj,
kuitfj, turcor
turcor aught `lgla,
`lgla, klkdrfi
klkdrfi kuaosf
kuaosf alrhic.
62) Jychli
Jychlill
Cl``fg
Cl fgff 0 -
]fimf 0 Altlrcfituic
Altlrcfituicfi
fi tlrjfmfp
tlrjfmfp slkuf aldutujfi,
aldutujfi, plrfwftfi
plrfwftfi mhrh
mhrh (pfmf
 plrhoml faut).
66) Iluroslisor
Iluroslisorhh
Cl`fgff 0 ^faht alpfgf,
Cl`fg alpfgf, pfrlstl
pfrlstlshf,
shf, thkdug
thkdug al`fic,
al`fic, cficcufi
cficcufi plicghjftfi.
plicghjftfi.
 

]fimf
]fimf 0Rliur
0Rliuruifi
uifi stftus
stftus klitfg
klitfg mfi alsfmf
alsfmfrfi
rfi.. Aljhgf
Aljhgficfi
icfi klkorh
klkorh,,
sught mfgfk alputusfi, fefshf, kftf 0 puphg uihsoaor (plihicaftfi ]HA),
ihstfckus, al`fic ukuk goafg.
64) Iylrh / aliyfkfif
aliyfkfifi
i
Cl`fgff 0^faht
Cl`fg 0^faht alpfgf kuicahi
kuicahi fafi mhplrdurua
mhplrdurua oglj altlcficfi,
altlcficfi, gljlr
gljlr /
 puicuic afau.
]fimf 0 ]fkpfa
]fkpfa tlrus tlr`fcf,
tlr`fcf, klifichs
klifichs / kliclgu
kliclguj.
j.
6>) Rlrifpfsfi
Rlrifpfsfi
Cl`fgff 0 Fmfiyf rhwfyft
Cl`fg rhwfyft hielash
hielash shius ftfu pfru
pfru
]fimf 0 Rlihicaftfi
Rlihicaftfi alr`f
alr`f plrifpfsfi
plrifpfsfi (lphsoml
(lphsoml fwfg). Rlrudfjfi
Rlrudfjfi klitfg
klitfg
(gltfrch sfkpfh aokf) mfi clghsfj
4. Kfsf
Kfsfgf
gfj
j A lplr
lplrfw
fwft
ftfi
fi
f. Cfic
Cficcu
cufi
fi pl
plrt
rtua
uafr
frfi
fi cf
cfss

 d. Cficcufi rfsf iyfkfi

n. Ths
hsha
hao
o nlml
nlmlrf
rf
m. Fishltfs
>. Hit
itllrvli
vlish
f. Cficcufi plrtuafrfi cfs
Odslrvfsh
6) Koihtor erlaulish, hrfkf, almfgfkfi, mfi upfyf ifpfs
4) Koihtor pogf ifpfs
>) Koihtor alkfkpufi dftua lelathe 
=) Fusaugtfsh duiyh ifpfs
<) Koihtor sfturfsh oashcli
]lrfplutha
6) Ftur hitlrv
hitlrvfg
fg plkfitfufi
plkfitfufi rlsphr
rlsphrfsh
fsh slsufh
slsufh aoimhsh
aoimhsh pfshli
pfshli
4) Moauklt
Moaukltfsh
fshafi
afi jfsh
jfshgg plkfit
plkfitfuf
fufi
i

Lmuafsh
6) @lgfsa
@lgfsafi
fi tu`ufi
tu`ufi mfi prosl
proslmur
mur plkftf
plkftfufi
ufi

Hieorkfshafi
 

4) Hieorkfsh
Hieorkfshafi
afi jfshg
jfshg plkitfufi,
plkitfufi, `haf plrgu
d. Cficcufi rfsf iyfkfi
Odslrvfsh
6) Hmlitheha
Hmlithehafsh
fsh goafsh,
goafsh, afrfatlrhsth
afrfatlrhstha,
a, murfsh, erlaulish
erlaulish,, aufghtfs,
aufghtfs, hitlishtfs
hitlishtfs
iylrh
4) Hmlith
Hmlitheha
ehafsh
fsh safgf
safgf iylrh
iylrh
>) Hmlith
Hmlitheha
ehafsh
fsh rlspo
rlspoi
i iylrh
iylrh ioi vlrdfg
vlrdfg
=) Hmlithehaf
Hmlithehafsh
sh plicfruj
plicfruj iylrh pfmf aufght
aufghtfs
fs jhmup
jhmup
]lrfplutha
6) Dlrhafi
Dlrhafi tlaiha
tlaiha ioiefrkfaog
ioiefrkfaogochs
ochs uitua
uitua klicurfich
klicurfich rfsf
rfsf iylrh
iylrh
4) Aoitrog
Aoitrog ghicaui
ghicauicfi
cfi yfic
yfic klkplr
klkplrdlrft
dlrft rfsf iylrh
>) Efshgh
Efshghtfs
tfshh hstrf
hstrfjft
jft mfi thmu
thmur 
r 
Lmuafsh

6) @lgfsa
@lgfsafi
fi pliyldf
pliyldfd,
d, plrhom
plrhoml,
l, mfi plkhnu
plkhnu iylrh
iylrh
4) @lgfsa
@lgfsafi
fi strft
strftlch
lch klrl
klrlmfaf
mfafi
i iylrh
iylrh
>) Fi`urafi
Fi`urafi tlaiha
tlaiha ioiefrkfao
ioiefrkfaogochs
gochs uitua
uitua klicurfi
klicurfich
ch rfsf iylrh
Aogfdorfsh
6) Aogfdorfsh
Aogfdorfsh plkdlrhfi
plkdlrhfi fifgcltha,
fifgcltha, `haf plrgu
n. Thshao nlmlrf
Odslrvfsh
6) Hmlith
Hmlitheha
ehafsh
fsh aldutu
aldutujfi
jfi alslgf
alslgfkft
kftfi
fi
4) Koihtor
Koihtor plrudfjf
plrudfjfi
i stftus
stftus alslgfkftfi
alslgfkftfi ghicauicfi
ghicauicfi
]lrfplutha
6) Jhgfic
Jhgficafi
afi dfjfyf
dfjfyf alslgfk
alslgfkftf
ftfi
i ghicauic
ghicauicfi
fi
4) Komhehafsh
Komhehafsh ghicauicfi
ghicauicfi uitua
uitua klkhihkfg
klkhihkfgafi
afi dfjfyf mfi
mfi rhshao
rhshao
>) ^lmhfaf
^lmhfafi
i fgft dfitu
dfitu alfkf
alfkfifi
ifi ghica
ghicauicf
uicfi
i
=) Gfauafi
Gfauafi procr
procrfk
fk arhihi
arhihic
c dfjfyf
dfjfyf ghicauic
ghicauicfi
fi
Lmuafsh
6) F`fr
F`fraf
afi
i himh
himhvh
vhmu
mu,, al
algu
gufr
frcf
cf mf
mfi
i al
algo
gokp
kpoa
oa rh
rhsh
shao
ao th
thic
icch
ch df
dfjf
jfyf
yf
ghicauicfi

 
 

m. Fishltfs
Odslrvfsh
6) Hmlithehaf
Hmlithehafsh
sh sfft
sfft thicaft
thicaft fishltf
fishltfss dlrudfj
dlrudfj
4) Koihto
Koihtorr tfimf
tfimf-tf
-tfimf
imf fish
fishltf
ltfss
]lrfplutha
6) ]lkfih pfshli
pfshli uitua
uitua klicurfich
klicurfich alnlkfsfi,`h
alnlkfsfi,`haf
af alkuicahifi
alkuicahifi
4) Rfjfkh
Rfjfkh shtuf
shtufsh
sh yfic
yfic klkduft
klkduft fishl
fishltfs
tfs
>) Cuifafi
Cuifafi plimla
plimlaftf
ftfi
i yfic tlific
tlific mfi klyfa
klyfahia
hiafi
fi
=) Kothvfsh
Kothvfsh klichimli
klichimlitheh
thehafsh
afsh shtufs
shtufshh yfic klkhnu
klkhnu alnlkfsf
alnlkfsfi
i
Lmuafsh
6) @lgfsafi
@lgfsafi proslmur,
proslmur, tlrkfs
tlrkfsua
ua slisfsh
slisfsh yfic
yfic kuicahi
kuicahi mh fgfkh
fgfkh
4) Hieo
Hieork
rkfs
fsha
hafi
fi sl
slnf
nfrf
rf ef
efat
atuf
ufgg klic
klicli
lifh
fh mh
mhfc
fcio
iosh
shs,
s, plico
plicodft
dftfi
fi mfi
 procioshs

>) Fi`urafi
Fi`urafi klicuicafpafi
klicuicafpafi plrfsffi
plrfsffi mfi plrslpsh
plrslpsh
=) Gf
Gfth
thj
j tlaih
tlaiha
a rlgf
rlgfas
asfs
fshh
Aogfdorfsh
6) Aogfdorfsh
Aogfdorfsh plkdlrhfi
plkdlrhfi odft
odft fithfishl
fithfishltfs,
tfs, `haf
`haf plrgu
plrgu
 

RF]JSFX

Hmhopftha 

]ukor otfa 

Rlilafifi `frhicfi otfa  Dlrtfkdfjiyf kfssf

Hivfsh `frhicfi otfa   Ilaroshs `frhicfi otfa  Rliylrfpfi nfhrfi otfa 

Alrusfafi `frhicfi Cficcufi Jhpoashf Odstruash vlif mh otfa 

 Iluroi ( Iylrh ) ^upgfhmfrfj  `frhicfi

Al`fic Cficcufi Cficcufi Cficcufi Olmlkf

 Ilurogochseoafg Euicsh otfa  Rlreush

 `frhicfi

Mlehshtilurogochs Mhsorhlitfsh Rlihicaftfi ]HA  Jhmroslefgus

Thshao Nhmlrf Rlrudfifj

 Fsphrfshslarlsh prosls phahr
 Odstruash `fgfi ifefs
 Mhspilf
Drfmhafrmh procrlshe, Dhnfrf tlrcficcu,
 Jlith ifefs Jlrihfghs ugaus
 Rlrudfjfi pogf ifefs jhplrtlish shtlkha, fefshf
cficcufi plrifefsfi

Finfkfi Cficcufi Klihslefgoitla 

Cficcufi alkfthfi Aokuihafsh vlrdfg fifi
Rlrtuafrfi
cfs
  Nlkfs Kufg, kuitfj, pfphgl Cficcufi
omlkf, pfimficfi afdur, alsfmfrfi
 pliuruifi euicsh
Cficcufi
 plimlicfrfi, iylrh
Tfsf iyfkfi
alpfgf
 

MFE]FT R\^]FAF

]h
]hk
k Roa`
Roa`ff ^MAH
^MAH MRR RR
RRIH
IH.. 42
4265
65.. ^tfi
^tfimfr
mfr Mhfciosh
Mhfcioshss Alplrfwftf
Alplrfwftfi
i Himoilshf
Himoilshf.. Lmhsh
Lmhsh 6.
 @fafrtf 0
 @fafrtf 0 RRIH

]hk Roa`f ^MAH MRR RRIH 426:. ^tfimfr Gufrfi Alplrfwftfi Himoilshf.
Himoilshf . Lmhsh 6. @fafrtf 0
RRIH.

]hk Roa`f ^MAH MRR RRIH. 426:. ^tfimfr Hitlrvlish Alplrfwftfi Himoilshf.
Himoilshf . Lmhsh 6. @fafrtf 0
RRIH