100m Offers by Alex Hormozi Portugues

Mhnaijl[rhjsdhtlkgyCffcdl
HNX\IÎ[IFJ.NFM PFD\ML I? F@LW[H^

KL $ 855M
NFMF @H_LW F@LW[H^ [ÎF GFH^ UL^^FH^ X\L H^ UL^^FH^ ^LJ[LM

L^[ßUIKF KI_LW JÎF
HDLQ AFWMF_I
Nfpyricat © 7578 pfr Hdlx Afrmfzi
[fkfs fs kirlitfs rlslrvhkfs. Jljaumh phrtl klsth pugdinhãîf pfkl slr rlprfkuzikh, kistriguíkh
k istriguíkh fu trhjsmitikh kl
quhdqulr `frmh fu pfr quhdqulr mlif, ijnduijkf `ftfnþpih, crhvhãîf fu futrfs métfkfs ldltrûjinfs fu mlnçjinfs,
slm h plrmissîf prévih pfr lsnritf kf lkitfr, lxnltf jf nhsf kl grlvls plrcujths ijnfrpfrhkhs lm rlvisüls
nrítinhs l futrfs usfs jîf nfmlrnihis plrmitikfs pldh dli kl kirlitfs hutfrhis. Uhrh sfdinithãüls kl plrmissîf,
lsnrlvh phrh f lkitfr jf ljklrlãf hghixf.
L-gffb I^GJ? 931-8-3>3;3<3-5-<
Hnquisitifj.nfm, DDN
>085-7 J Ofsly Dhjl #77>
Nhrrfddtfj,[Q 3<553->8<5
Klsicj kh nhph pfr Nahrdfttl Nahj Mibbldslj
@ftfcrhìh, idustrhãüls l dhyfut kl ijtlrifrls pfr Hdlx Afrmfzi
HPI^F DLCHD
F nfjtlÿkf `frjlnikf jlstl divrf `fi prfolthkf phrh `frjlnlr ij`frmhãüls ÿtlis sfgrl fs hssujtfs
kisnutikfs. Lstl divrf jîf sl klstijh h slr ushkf, jlm klvl slr ushkf, phrh kihcjfstinhr fu trhthr quhdqulr
nfjkiãîf mékinh. Fs jÿmlrfs jlstl divrf sîf tlþrinfs l klvlm slr ushkfs hpljhs phrh ìjs idustrhtivfs. H lkitfrh
l f hutfr jîf sîf rlspfjsèvlis pfr quhisqulr hãüls qul vfnï tfml fu jîf nfmf rlsudthkf kh dliturh klstl divrf, l
jîf sîf rlspfjsèvlis pfr quhisqulr khjfs fu nfjslquïjnihs jlchtivhs kl hãîf fu ijhãîf h quhdqulr plssfh qul
dlih fu sich hs ij`frmhãüls klstl divrf. . Hs rl`lrïjnihs sîf `frjlnikhs hpljhs phrh ìjs ij`frmhtivfs l jîf
nfjstitulm ljkfssf kl quhisqulr sitls fu futrhs `fjtls.
Fs dlitfrls thmgém klvlm lsthr niljtls kl qul fs sitls disthkfs jlstl divrf pfklm mukhr fu sl tfrjhr fgsfdltfs.
F X\L F\[WF^ @I_LWHM
—Klpfis kl phsshr um kih nfm Hdlx, hkinifjhmfs \^$ < MIDAÜL^ UFW HJF lm dunrf slm
hkinifjhr jfvfs slrviãfs. Xuhjkf Hdlx `hdh sfgrl hquisiãîf, vfnï klvl fuvir (klskl qul
jîf fklil kijalirf).”
‛ GWFFBL NH^[IDDF, NLF, DI@L NFHNA ^NAFFD
—Mijah nhrrlirh pfkl slr kivikikh lm kfis nhpítudfs? f primlirf `frhm 8< hjfs ghtljkf h
nhglãh jh phrlkl tljthjkf klsnfgrir pfr qul jîf lsthvh rlhdizhjkf mlu pftljnihd. F
slcujkf nhpítudf nfmlãfu quhjkf di '$855M F``lrs' kl Hdlx afrmfzi. @fi ljtîf qul tivl h
nfjìhjãh kl shglr lxhthmljtl nfmf tlr f sunlssf qul shgih slr nhphz kl kls`ruthr. ^l
vfnï é um lmprlsèrif qul sl nfjtljtfu nfm mljfs kf qul slu pftljnihd, lstl divrf
mfstrhrè rhpikhmljtl qul h nudph jîf é suh2 jijcuém dal ljsijfu nfmf `hzlr f`lrths
irrlsistívlis. Lstl divrf vhi mukhr issf lm hdcujs nhpítudfs.

Nfjsiklrl lstl divrf slu slcujkf nhpítudf. É um kivisfr kl ècuhs hgsfdutf.”
‛ WYHJ KHJILD MFWHJ @\JKHKFW, NHUI[HDI^M.NFM
—Jþs klsnfgrimfs sfgrl Hdlx l ijsthjthjlhmljtl nfmprhmfs slu divrf. É f mldafr divrf
qul lu oè di rlhdmljtl lm jlcþnifs. Urfvhvldmljtl, h mhifr nfish qul hprljki nfm ldl é
qul muiths vlzls jfs jlcþnifs vfnï qulr nfgrhr mhis kl slus ndiljtls l quhsl sl sljtl
nudphkf nfmf 'fa mlu Klus, pfssf rlhdmljtl `hzlr issf6' mhs hnaf qul jîf aè jijcuém
mldafr qul rlhdmljtl ujh phnftls l prlãfs qul jîf hpljhs vfnï pfssh humljthr f prlãf
phrh f slu jlcþnif, mhs thmgém humljthr f vhdfr phrh f ndiljtl hf mlsmf tlmpf
[lmpf. Klskl qul nfmlãhmfs h trhghdahr nfm ldl... lm kfis mlsls... jfssf jlcþnif oè
lsthvh `hturhjkf \^$ 85 midaüls/ hjf lm vljkhs... IJ^[HJ[ KF\GDL l sþ sl phsshrhm kfis
mlsls klskl qul ljtrhmfs lm nfjthtf nfm ldl l jfssf jlcþnif lstè lm um thxh kl
lxlnuãîf phrh `hzlr $ 7>M/ hjf lm vljkhs hcfrh. Hpljhs hdtlrhjkf jfssfs prlãfs, jfsshs
lmghdhcljs l, hf mlsmf tlmpf, f`lrlnljkf mldafrls rlsudthkfs l rlsudthkfs phrh fs ndiljtls nfm qulm trhghdahmfs.
‛ HJKWLS HWC\L @\JKHKFW,

@\JKHKFW, NLF HNNF\J[IJC[HQ.NFM
HNNF\J[IJC[HQ.NFM
UWIJNÍUIF^ FWILJ[HKFWL^
Jîf aè rlcrhs.
Uhrh Dlidh?
Pfnï é mlu nhrfjh fu

mfrtl? um tlrmf ushkf phrh klsnrlvlr umh plssfh (clrhdmljtl umh mudalr) qul
lstè kispfsth h `hzlr quhdqulr nfish pfr slu phrnlirf, hmicf fu `hmídih, mlsmf kihjtl kf plricf.
Jîf pfklrih `hzlr issf slm vfnï. . . l jîf cfsthrih.
Pfnï `hz hnfrkhr tfkfs fs kihs vhdl h pljh.
Fgrichkf pfr slr vfnï slm rlmfrsf.
Pfnï é um ìdaf kh puth phrh ghixf.
Uhrh [rlvfr?
Pfnï é f mldafr hmicf qul um nhrh pfklrih plkir.

Fgrichkf pfr phsshr afrhs l afrhs klghtljkf hs iklihs qul sl tfrjhrhm lstl divrf
Nfmicf.
Jîf slrih tîf gfm quhjtf é slm suh gusnh ijnhjsèvld pfr simpdiìnhãîf l ndhrlzh.
Ltlrjhmljtl crhtf pldh jfssh hmizhkl.

Pfnï ml `hz sljtir mljfs sfzijaf jf mujkf.
\m grijkl h ìnhr vldaf l mhd-aumfrhkf.

NFJ[LßKF
Nfmlãh hqui
^lãîf I? Nfmf nalchmfs hqui

8. Nfmf nalchmfs hqui
7. F`lrths kl Crhjk ^dhm
^lãîf II? Urlniìnhãîf

>. Urlniìnhãîf? F Urfgdlmh khs Nfmmfkitils
;. Urlniìnhãîf? Ljnfjtrhjkf f Mlrnhkf Nlrtf „ \mh Mudtikîf @hmijth <.
Urlniìnhãîf? Nfgrhr f qul vhdl h pljh
^lãîf III? Phdfr - Nril suh f`lrth
0. F`lrth kl Phdfr? H Lquhãîf kl Phdfr 3. Ècif

Divrl
1. F`lrth kl vhdfr? F prfnlssf kl pljshmljtf
9. F`lrth kl vhdfr? Nrihjkf suh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm Uhrtl I? Urfgdlmhs l sfduãüls 85. F`lrth kl
vhdfr? Nrihjkf suh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm Uhrtl II? [rim & ^thnb
^lãîf IP? Hprimfrhjkf suh F`lrth 88.

Hprimfrhjkf h F`lrth? Lsnhsslz, \rcïjnih, Gûjus, Chrhjtihs l Jfmlhãîf 87. Hprimfrhjkf h F`lrth?
Lsnhsslz 8>. Hprimfrhjkf h F`lrth? \rcïjnih 8;. Hprimfrhjkf h F`lrth? Gûjus 8<. Hprimfrhjkf h
F`lrth? Chrhjtihs 80. Hprimfrhjkf h F`lrth? Jfmlhãîf
^lãîf P? Lxlnuãîf
^lus primlirfs $ 855.555
NFMLÃH HX\I
"Wltfrjfs lxtrhfrkijèrifs clrhdmljtl vïm kl hpfsths nfjtrh h shglkfrih nfjvljnifjhd, l h

shglkfrih nfjvljnifjhd clrhdmljtl lstè nlrth. Khkh umh nahjnl kl 85% kl um rltfrjf kl 855
vlzls, vfnï klvl `hzlr lssh hpfsth tfkhs hs vlzls. Mhs vfnï hijkh lsthrè lrrhkf jfvl vlzls lm
nhkh klz. . . [fkfs jþs shglmfs qul sl vfnï ghdhjãhr phrh hs nlrnhs, vfnï vhi rlghtlr
muitf, mhs thmgém vhi rlghtlr hdcujs afml rujs. H ki`lrljãh ljtrl glislgfd l jlcþnifs, jf ljthjtf,
é qul f glislgfd tlm umh kistriguiãîf kl rlsudthkfs trujnhkh.
Xuhjkf vfnï ghdhjãh, jîf impfrth f quîf glm vfnï sl nfjlntl nfm h gfdh, f mèximf kl nfrrikhs
qul vfnï pfkl nfjslcuir sîf quhtrf. Jfs jlcþnifs, kl vlz lm quhjkf, quhjkf vfnï sl hprfximh
kf prhtf, pfkl mhrnhr 8.555 nfrrikhs. Lssh kistriguiãîf kl rltfrjfs kl nhukh dfjch é f mftivf pldf
quhd é impfrthjtl slr fushkf. Crhjkls vljnlkfrls phchm pfr thjtfs lxplrimljtfs."
- OL@@ L_F^
Nfmf lmprlljklkfrls, `hzlmfs hpfsths tfkfs fs kihs. ^fmfs ofchkfrls „ hpfsthjkf

jfssf kijalirf suhkf lm mîf kl fgrh, lstfqul, hduculd, mhrbltijc ltn., tukf nfm h
lsplrhjãh kl um phchmljtf mhis hdtf. Muiths vlzls, plrklmfs. Mhs, ås vlzls,
chjahmfs l chjahmfs M\I[F.
Jf ljthjtf, aè umh ki`lrljãh ljtrl f ofcf jfs jlcþnifs l f ofcf lm um nhssijf. Lm

um nhssijf, hs prfghgidikhkls lstîf nfjtrh vfnï. Nfm ahgidikhkl, vfnï pfkl mldafrè-dfs,
mhs jujnh vljnï-dfs. Lm nfjtrhstl, jfs jlcþnifs, vfnï pfkl mldafrhr suhs ahgidikhkls
phrh mukhr hs nahjnls h slu `hvfr. împdiìnhjkf, nfm ahgidikhkl suìniljtl, vfnï pfkl
sl tfrjhr h nhsh.
Klpfis kl ijinihr umh séril kl divrfs sfgrl hquisiãîf, ìnfu ndhrf qul lu jîf
pfklrih `hdhr sfgrl jljaum futrf hssujtf slm hjtls hgfrkhr h f`lrth? f pfjtf kl
phrtikh kl quhdqulr nfjvlrsh phrh ijinihr umh trhjshãîf nfm um ndiljtl.
F qul vfnï lstè ditlrhdmljtl `frjlnljkf h ldls lm trfnh kl slu kijalirf. É hí qul
tukf nfmlãh.
Lstl divrf é sfgrl nfmf `hzlr f`lrths dunrhtivhs. Lsplniìnhmljtl, nfmf trhjs`frmhr
kl `frmh nfjìèvld f kijalirf kh pugdinikhkl lm dunrfs (ljfrmls) ushjkf umh
nfmgijhãîf kl prlãfs, vhdfr, chrhjtihs l lstrhtécihs kl jfmljndhturh. Lu nahmf h
nfmgijhãîf hklquhkh klssls nfmpfjljtls? umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm.
Lsnfdai lstl tlrmf phrnihdmljtl lm afmljhclm å nithãîf hnimh kf ùjkhkfr kh
Hmhzfj, Ol`` Glzfs, l pfrqul, nfmf um crhjk sdhm jf glislgfd, umh f`lrth kl Crhjk
^dhm é muitf gfh l muitf rhrh. Hdém kissf, phrh lstljklr h mltè`frh kf glislgfd, jîf
é prlnisf mhis ls`frãf phrh `hzlr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm kf qul phrh ldimijhr. H
ki`lrljãh é kithkh pldh ahgidikhkl kf prfìssifjhd kl mhrbltijc l quîf glm ldl nfjlnth
suh f`lrth nfm fs klslofs kl slu pÿgdinf. Jfs jlcþnifs, vfnï pfkl tlr f`lrths mhis
fu mljfs? fs —sfdtlirfs” l fs —kupdfs” qul mhjtïm f ofcf lm hjkhmljtf, phchm hs
nfjths l mhjtïm hs duzls hnlshs. Mhs, hf nfjtrèrif kf glislgfd, fjkl um crhjk sdhm
mhrnh jf mèximf quhtrf nfrrikhs, umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm jf mujkf kfs jlcþnifs
pfkl rljklr mid vlzls l rlsudthr lm um mujkf fjkl vfnï jujnh mhis prlnishrè
trhghdahr. ^lrih nfmf sl nfjlnthr tîf glm nfm h gfdh kurhjtl um simpdls jf ghstîf
qul vfnï chjah hutfmhtinhmljtl tfkhs hs Sfrdk ^lrils pldfs prþximfs nlm hjfs.
Dlvh hjfs kl prètinh phrh `hzlr hdcf tîf nfmpdinhkf quhjtf hnlrthr umh gfdh
rèpikh kh dich prijniphd jhs hrquighjnhkhs phrlnlr `ènid. ûh pfsturh, visîf, prlvisîf,
vldfnikhkl kh gfdh, vldfnikhkl kf thnf l pfsinifjhmljtf kf quhkrid klvlm slr
plr`litfs. Lm mhrbltijc l hquisiãîf kl ndiljtls (f prfnlssf kl fgtljãîf kl jfvfs
ndiljtls), lxistlm muiths vhrièvlis qul klvlm sl hdijahr phrh rlhdmljtl —lxpudshr kf
phrqul”. Mhs nfm ghsthjtl prètinh l ahgidikhkl, vfnï pfkl trhjs`frmhr f mujkf
sldvhclm kh hquisiãîf, qul vhi ofchr gfdhs nurvhs lm vfnï tfkfs
tfkf s fs kihs, lm um
afmlruj klrgy, klrrughjkf f`lrth hpþs f`lrth kf lstèkif. Uhrh tfkfs

nhsf nfjtrèrif, slu sunlssf phrlnlrè ijhnrlkitèvld. Mhs phrh vfnï, phrlnlrè —hpljhs mhis
um kih kl trhghdaf”. Fs mhifrls rlghtlkfrls kl tfkfs fs tlmpfs thmgém tïm muitfs
striblfuts, hssim nfmf lxistlm muiths f`lrths `rhnhsshkhs jf aistþrinf kl crhjkls prfìssifjhis
kl mhrbltijc. Hprljklmfs ahgidikhkls htrhvés kf `rhnhssf l kh prètinh. @hzlmfs issf
shgljkf qul jfvl lm nhkh klz vlzls lsthrlmfs lrrhkfs. Hijkh hcimfs nfm fushkih,
lsplrhjkf qul hquldh f`lrth nfm h quhd jfs nfjlnthmfs tîf glm qul rlsudtl lm jfssf crhjkl rltfrjf.
H gfh jftínih é qul, jfs jlcþnifs, vfnï sþ prlnish hnlrthr umh f`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm
phrh sl hpfsljthr phrh slmprl. Lu ìz issf quhtrf fu nijnf vlzls jh mijah vikh. Xuhjtf hf
mlu aistþrinf, tljaf um rltfrjf vithdínif kl >0?8 sfgrl mlus kþdhrls lm pugdinikhkl hf dfjcf
kh mijah nhrrlirh jfs jlcþnifs. Nfjsiklrl lsth mijah —mékih kl rlghtikhs” vithdínih, sl vfnï quislr.
Issf sicjiình qul phrh nhkh \^$ 8 chstf lm pugdinikhkl, rlnlgf \^$ >0 kl vfdth, um rltfrjf
kl >055%. Lssh é h mijah mékih lm fitf hjfs. L nfjtijuf mldafrhjkf.
Lstl divrf é mijah tljthtivh kl nfmphrtidahr lssh ahgidikhkl nfm vfnï, nfm `fnf lsplníìnf
jh nrihãîf kl f`lrths kl Crhjk ^dhm, phrh qul vfnï pfssh lxplrimljthr fs mlsmfs jívlis
kl sunlssf. É thmgém f primlirf kl umh séril kl divrfs klstijhkfs h dlvhr fs lmprlljklkfrls
å diglrkhkl ìjhjnlirh, lm phdhvrhs simpdls, kijalirf —`fkh-sl”.
Fs divrfs sugslquljtls klsth séril hgfrkhrîf mhis prfùjkhmljtl nfmf fgtlr mhis ndiljtls,
nfjvlrtlr mhis ndiljtls lm pftljnihd lm ndiljtls, `hzlr nfm qul lssls ndiljtls vhdahm mhis l
futrhs diãüls qul lu cfsthrih kl tlr hprljkikf hjtlrifrmljtl hf kimljsifjhr mlu
jlcþnifs.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? hprljkizhkf mhis rèpikf l prfùjkf dljkf l fuvijkf hf mlsmf tlmpf
Hqui lstè um truqul qul klsnfgri aè muitf tlmpf... ^l vfnï fuvir f hukifdivrf ljquhjtf dï f
lgffb fu f divrf `ísinf, vfnï humljthrè suh vldfnikhkl kl dliturh l rltlrè mhis ij`frmhãüls. F
nfjtlÿkf lstè sljkf hrmhzljhkf lm mhis duchrls lm slu nérlgrf.
É hssim qul dlif h mhifrih khs nfishs qul vhdl h pljh dlr. Lu prlniìquli mlus prfkutfs tîf
ghrhtfs quhjtf hs pdhth`frmhs ml plrmitlm, ljtîf issf jîf é um truqul phrh chjahr 5,99
nljthvfs lxtrh - prfmltf. ^l vfnï quislr tljthr, vè lm `rljtl l plcul h vlrsîf lm èukif l vloh
pfr si mlsmf. Pfnï pfkl hnahr issf tîf vhdifsf quhjtf lu (nfmf hdcuém qul duth phrh mhjtlr f
`fnf). Dlvli kfis kihs phrh `hdhr lstl divrf lm vfz hdth l crhvè-df. Hnali qul nfdfnhrih
nfdfnhrih lssl —ahnb”
jf ijínif kf divrf phrh qul vfnï tivlssl h nahjnl kl `hzï-df sl hnahssl lstl primlirf nhpítudf
vhdifsf f suìniljtl phrh chjahr suh htljãîf.
^LÃÎF I? NFMF NALCHMF^ HX\I

H PLWKHKL @LIH
NFMF NALCHMF^ HX\I
—H mhcih ljnfjtrhrè hquldls nfm nfrhãüls purfs, mlsmf quhjkf tukf phrlnlr plrkikf.”
- MFWCHJ WAFKL^
7; kl klzlmgrf kl 7580. Pésplrh kl Jhthd.
[ F quhrtf lsthvh lsnurf nfmf grlu. Mlus shphtfs crukhkfs jf naîf nfglrtf kl slnf
rl`riclrhjtl l plkhãfs lsmhchkfs kl kfnls. Mijahs jhrijhs lsthvhm nalihs nfm f
nalirf kl pipfnh vldah. Nalchmfs thrkl klmhis phrh nfjslcuir gfjs duchrls l hnhghmfs
prlssifjhkfs plrtf kh `rljtl kf tlhtrf. Hpljhs hdcumhs ìdlirhs
ìdlir hs å mijah `rljtl, h prfolãîf
hrkljtl kf ìdml fnuphvh tfkf f mlu nhmpf kl visîf. Jf gridaf rl`dltikf, pukl vlr fs
nfjtfrjfs kfs rfstfs kh `hmídih kl Dlidh. Ldls thmgém pfklm tlr sikf aipjftizhkfs.
Lu fs ijvlohvh. Ldls sl sljthrhm, lm trhjsl, hgsfrvljkf slu tlmpf kl `fdch phcf phrh
Jhthd. Klvl slr dlchd.
Xuhdqulr futrh plssfh tlrih plrkikf, mhs Dlidh, mijah jhmfrhkh jh épfnh, ml nfjalnih
muitf glm. Xuhdqulr futrh plssfh tlrih pljshkf qul lu lsthvh hssistijkf hf ìdml, mhs
Dlidh plrnlglu qul lu lsthvh fdahjkf ìxhmljtl phrh h tldh, mlus fdafs jîf rhstrlhjkf f
ìdml. Mlu rfstf lsthvh pèdikf. Mijahs mhãîs kf rfstf l mhjkígudh phrlnihm lsquldétinhs.
^lmhjhs kl lstrlssl nrûjinf mhthrhm mlu hpltitl.
"F qul aè kl lrrhkf6" ldh plrcujtfu.

Lu jîf rlspfjki.
Ldh klsnhjsfu h mîf jh mijah phrh nahmhr mijah htljãîf. Lu jîf rlhci. Kljtrf kl mfmljtfs, slus
klkfs hplrthrhm lm vfdth kf mlu pudsf, l ldh fdafu phrh mim, slus fdafs prfnurhjkf fs mlus. "^lu
nfrhãîf lstè hnldlrhkf", ldh sussurrfu, prlfnuphkh.

^lm plrcujthr, ldh tfmfu mlu pudsf.
@frhm 855 ghtimljtfs pfr mijutf. Xuhsl f kfgrf kf qul klvlrih slr phrh um afmlm kl 73 hjfs lm
`frmh lm —klsnhjsf” lm um quhrtf `rlsnf l lsnurf.
"F qul lstè hnfjtlnljkf6" ldh plrcujtfu nfm mhis `frãh, mhs hijkh sussurrhjkf.
H vlrkhkl é qul lu lsthvh hphvfrhkh.
Hdcumhs afrhs hjtls. . .
Lu phrlnih um cichjtl. ^ljtli-ml ljnfdaikf lm umh nhklirh ij`hjtid lm mijihturh. Mlus ofldafs quhsl
tfnhrhm mlu plitf, mlsmf nfm mlus pés ìrmlmljtl pdhjthkfs jf vldaf pisf kl nhrpltl glcl. Mlu dhptfp
lsthvh quljtl sljthkf lm nimh kfs mlus ofldafs ijndijhkfs. Gfjlnhs l grijqulkfs lsthvhm lsphdahkfs
hf mlu rlkfr. Ldls ml ljnhrhrhm nfm fdafs hrrlchdhkfs l sfrrisfs nalifs kl kljtls, imþvlis. Lu tijah
sikf f ljtrltljimljtf kldls jhs ÿdtimhs slmhjhs.
Lu lsthvh jh nhsh kfs phis kh Dlidh. Ldls ahvihm sl tfrjhkf hvþs rlnljtlmljtl l ushvhm lstl quhrtf
vhcf nfmf shdh kl ofcfs quhjkf fs jltfs fs visithvhm.
Lu jîf tijah fjkl mfrhr. Ljtîf ldls lsthvhm klixhjkf Dlidh l lu ìnhrmfs dè —f tlmpf qul prlnisèsslmfs”.
Ldls ml klixhrhm ushr h shdh kl ofcfs khs nrihjãhs nfmf mlu lsnritþrif phrh mlus —jlcþnifs”, qul jlstl
mfmljtf phrlnihm quhsl tîf ìntínifs quhjtf hs aistþrihs qul ldls nfjthrhm h slus jltfs jlsth shdh.
Lu ditlrhdmljtl sljti nfmf sl lstivlssl grijnhjkf kl ml vlstir. Lxnltf qul hs hpfsths lrhm rlhis.
L lsth lrh h mijah vikh.
Mijahs frldahs lsthvhm quljtls l vlrmldahs pfr nhush kf tldl`fjl sljkf prlssifjhkf nfjtrh ldhs
pldf qul phrlnlrhm afrhs. Lu ìnhvh trfnhjkf kl mîfs pfrqul mlus grhãfs nhjshvhm kl slcurhr f tldl`fjl
pfr thjtf tlmpf.
—îjtf muitf, ^r. Afrmfzi”, kissl h vfz kf futrf dhkf kh dijah, —tlmfs qul mhjtlr lssls ùjkfs pldfs
prþximfs slis mlsls. Jþs vimfs
hdcumh htivikhkl irrlcudhr, ljtîf issf é umh prlnhuãîf.”

"Pfnï lstè grijnhjkf nfmicf, \^ $ 875 mid", lu kissl. —\mh 'prlnhuãîf'!6”
—Klsnudpl sljafr, jfssh lquipl kl sugsnriãîf‛”
"îm, lu fuvi vfnï", lu kissl, nfrthjkf-f. —Lu jîf hnlitf issf.”
—^ljafr, jîf klpljkl kl mim, é hpljhs jfssh pfd‛”

—F qul vfu kizlr hf mlu vljklkfr, qul tlm um glgï l futrf h nhmijaf6 Pfnï vhi kizlr h ldl
qul ldl jîf pfklrè nfmprhr suh lspfsh crèvikh l nfmikh phrh rlném-jhsnikfs6 Pfnï vhi phchr h
aipftlnh kldl pfr ldl6
Lu lsthvh `lrvljkf.
—^ljafr‛” ldl nfmlãfu kl jfvf, nfm hphtih kls`hshkh, hpljhs tljthjkf ljtrlchr f
jftínihs.
—Jîf é slu phrh tfmhr.” Mijah hcrlssivikhkl lsthvh rhpikhmljtl sl trhjs`frmhjkf lm

klslsplrf. "Mlrkh, hpljhs ml ljvil mlthkl phrh qul lu pfssh phchr mlus ùjnifjèrifs", lu impdfrli
"É vésplrh kl Jhthd pldf hmfr kl Klus."
—^ljafr, vhmfs mhjtlr h tfthdikhkl kl slus ùjkfs phrh f

prþximfs slis mlsls pfr slu nfjtrhtf. . . H vfz klshphrlnlu jh kistçjnih.
Ufrrh.
Klsdiculi l vlriìquli mijahs nfjths. $ 7>.5>0.

Lu klvih hf mlu vljklkfr um nalqul kl nfmissîf kl $ 77.555 pfr $ 875.555 lm vljkhs qul
jujnh rlnlgi.
^lm qulrlr ml khr h fpfrtujikhkl kl pljshr sfgrl issf, lu diculi phrh ldl.
- $ 77.555 Uhchmljtf glm sunlkikf.
^hdkf $ 8.5>0.
Ufrrh
Lu tirli umh nhpturh kl tldh klssh imhclm kh mijah nfjth ghjnèrih pfrqul shgih qul
nfjthrih lssh aistþrih hdcum kih.
H duz kf sfd ml nlcfu quhjkf shímfs kh mhtijï. @hmídihs ljtrhvhm l shíhm pldhs pfrths
cirhtþrihs, `hzljkf suhs mlmþrihs `ldizls. Lu lsthvh lm trhjsl. Dlidh ml dlvfu hté f nhrrf,
suh mîf ìrmlmljtl lm vfdth kh mijah.
"F qul aè kl lrrhkf6 F qul hnfjtlnlu6" ldh plrcujtfu.
—F kijalirf jîf lstè vijkf.”
"F qul vfnï qulr kizlr6" ldh plrcujtfu. —Lstè htrhshkf6”

Lu lxhdli lm klrrfth. —Ldls lstîf mhjtljkf tukf.”
—Ldls pfklm `hzlr issf!6”
—Hphrljtlmljtl,” lu kissl lstfinhmljtl, tljthjkf mhjtlr mijah nfmpfsturh jh `rljtl

kl slus phis.
"F qul vfnï vhi `hzlr sfgrl hs nfmissüls6"
—Lu oè phculi h ldl. [ukf." Lu kissl issf slm fdahr phrh ldh.
H prlfnuphãîf kl Dlidh sl trhjs`frmfu lm phvfr.
@inhmfs lm sidïjnif kurhjtl tfkf f nhmijaf phrh nhsh. Fdali pldh ohjldh. Ldh slcurfu
mijah mîf jh kldh. @fi mhis rlnfj`frthjtl kf qul lu lsplrhvh. Jþs vhmfs phsshr pfr issf.
>5 kihs hjtls. . .
Lu tijah klnikikf ljtrhr jlssl jfvf jlcþnif qul nahmli kl —Dhjãhmljtf kl Cijèsif”.
Hqui lsthvh h iklih? lu vfhrih pldf phís hté hs hnhklmihs l hs ljnalrih hté h nhphnikhkl
mèximh ushjkf lssh jfvh mltfkfdfcih qul klpljkih kl umh f`lrth qul lu ahvih
hplr`liãfhkf quhjkf lrh kfjf kh mijah rlkl kl hnhklmihs.
Hté lstl mfmljtf, lu ahvih vljkikf nijnf khs mijahs slis hnhklmihs. Fs ùjkfs kl
vljkï-dfs, f trhghdaf kh mijah vikh, lu tijah nfdfnhkf lm umh nfjth qul tijah nfm um
jfvf phrnlirf. Lstl kijalirf klvlrih slr f nhpithd ijinihd phrh f jfssf jfvf
nfmphjaih.
Lu ìjhdmljtl irih plrnlglr hdcum jívld kl sunlssf.
Mlu hdhrml kisphrfu. Lu crfcul lu ghdhjnli mlu grhãf nlchmljtl hchrrhjkf h mlsh
kl nhglnlirh. Klsdiculi f hdhrml, ljquhjtf Dlidh nfjslcuih kfrmir lm mlif å nfmfãîf.
@iquli hdi lm sidïjnif, puxhjkf hs nfjths ghjnèrihs „ um rituhd kièrif. F shdkf kizih $
>55.
Lsplrhr. Issf jîf pfkih lsthr nlrtf. Ahvih $ ;0.555 hqui fjtlm.
Mijah hkrljhdijh kisphrfu. Fdahjkf mhis kl plrtf, vi —-$;<.355 Uhchmljtf
Glm sunlkikf." Lu lsthvh `rljétinf.
F kijalirf kh vljkh kl tfkhs hs mijahs hnhklmihs sl `fi. Lu vlriìquli fjkl f
kijalirf `fi. Hf mlu —phrnlirf”. Ldl ahvih shnhkf tfkf f kijalirf.

Ufrrh.
Fs ÿdtimfs quhtrf hjfs kh mijah vikh tijahm klshphrlnikf tîf rèpikf. Lu fìnihdmljtl
jîf tijah jhkh, l mljfs hijkh phrh mfstrhr. Jhkh kl cijèsifs. Jljaum lquiphmljtf.
^lm ùjnifjèrifs. Jhkh.
Lu ml sljti mfrtf pfr kljtrf.
Hkinifjhjkf
Hkinifjhjkf ijsudtf å ijoÿrih, jlssl mlsmf plrífkf kl >5 kihs, mijah mîl lsthvh lm
lsthkf nrítinf pfr nhush kl um hnikljtl quhsl `hthd (l hijkh tijah mljfs kl 7; hjfs).
suplrvisîf kl umh afrh), l lu tijah tfthdizhkf mlu nhrrf lm umh nfdisîf `rfjthd h 05 midahs pfr afrh
l chjali um K\I nfmf mlu prïmif kl nfjsfdhãîf.
Lsth `fi h nlrloh jf tfpf. Mijah ÿjinh crhãh shdvhkfrh kurhjtl lssl plrífkf `fi vljklr umh jfvh
—f`lrth kl klshìf” lm umh hnhklmih l nfdlthr tfkf f kijalirf hkihjthkf

hkihjthkf nfmf mijah —thxh” pfr
mukhr f jlcþnif kldls.

Ljtîf lu ìz h ÿjinh nfish
n fish qul lu shgih. lu vljki. Mlu vljklkfr tijah `litf $ 875.555
lm um ÿjinf mïs, l lu dal klvih um nalqul kl nfmissîf kl $ 77.555.
F prfgdlmh `fi qul fs $ 875.555 jujnh nalchrhm.
—Urlnishmfs nfjvlrshr,” lu kissl ljquhjtf Dlidh l lu ljtrhmfs jh futrh shdh. lu
tfmfu nfrhclm phrh `hdhr, mhs fdafu phrh f naîf,

n aîf, ljvlrcfjahkf.
ljvlrcfjahkf.
—Lu jîf tljaf jhkh,” lu kissl h ldh. —Lu sfu um jhvif hùjkhjkf, l vfnï jîf prlnish ìnhr
nfmicf.”
Ldh hchrrfu mlu qulixf l puxfu mlu rfstf lm kirlãîf hf kldh phrh qul ldh puklssl fdahr jfs
mlus fdafs? —Lu kfrmirih nfm vfnï klghixf kl umh pfjtl sl nalchssl h issf”. Lu tlrih nafrhkf
dècrimhs kl hdlcrih, mhs lsthvh tîf lmfnifjhdmljtl lxhusth qul mijah rlspfsth phrlnih hpètinh.
Lu jîf ìnhrih nfmicf.
—Hijkh vhmfs `hzlr lssls dhjãhmljtfs h phrtir kl hmhjaî6” Ldh plrcujtfu.
—[fkfs fs mlus hmicfs klixhrhm slus lmprlcfs phrh `hzlr issf.” Ldh lsthvh sljkf prfshinh, mhs
”
hijkh kfíh. Lu ml sljti klrrfthkf. —Fuãh, issf pfkl khr tlrrivldmljtl lrrhkf,
lrrhkf,
"Lu nfjìf lm vfnï. Jþs vhmfs klsnfgrir issf.”
Lu tijah kuhs nfishs rlsthjtls jhquldl mfmljtf? umh f`lrth kl crhjk sdhm l um jlcþnif hjticf
nhrtîf kl nrékitf nfm um dimitl kl $ 855.555 kl quhjkf lu tijah mijahs hnhklmihs.
Jf kih slcuijtl hf Jhthd (kfis kihs hpþs h dichãîf hjcustihjtl nfm
f prfnlsshkfr kl phchmljtfs) lstèvhmfs prfcrhmhkfs phrh dhjãhr slis jfvhs hnhklmihs. . f . jf
mlsmf tlmpf. Ljtrl phsshcljs hérlhs, aftéis, hduculd kl nhrrfs, chsfdijh l chstfs nfm hjÿjnifs
(tfkfs mudtipdinhkfs pfr slis), lu chsthrih \^$ >.>55 pfr kih kl kijalirf qul jîf tijah. Mlu ÿdtimf
kþdhr `fi phrh phchr mlu vljklkfr. Hijkh ml dlmgrf kh mijah mîf trlmljkf quhjkf fs hjÿjnifs
`frhm hf hr? Klsdichkf ö DICHKF.

Hssim, lu lsthvh ml ljkivikhjkf h umh thxh kl $ ;87 kþdhrls pfr afrh kl trhghdaf.
Hssim, $ >.>55 pfr kih nfmlãhrhm h slr klkuzikfs kf mlu
nfjth.
-$>.>55. . . Hcfrh, fìnihdmljtl, jîf tljaf

jhkh - $ >.>55.Hcfrh
.. tljaf fìnihdmljtl mljfs kf qul
jhkh - $ >.>55Lu
. . .tljaf $ 85.555 mljfs kf qul
jhkh - $ >.>55. . . Lsth klnisîf vhi hrruijhr f mlu ùturf phrh slmprl.
Mhs hs nfishs nfmlãhrhm h tfmhr `frmh. Hqui lstè f qul hnfjtlnlu jhquldl mïs
(ohjlirf kl 7583), nfj`frml kfnumljthkf pldfs mlus hjticfs rlcistrfs kl prfnlsshmljtf
qul klsljtlrrli. Pfnï pfkl vlr f mïs jh nfdujh kh lsqulrkh l h rlnlith nfdlthkh jlssl
mïs jh kirlith.
@izlmfs $ 855.883! Lrh hpljhs f suìniljtl phrh nfgrir fs \^$ >.>55/kih qul vijahm
kf nhrtîf kl nrékitf. Jh vlrkhkl lsthvh ùjnifjhjkf. Lu mhd pukl hnrlkithr. Lu ofculi h hvl-
mhrih, l f ujivlrsf plcfu. Uhssli kl prfnurhr hkvfchkfs kl `hdïjnihs phrh klsnfgrir f qul
`hzlr nfm \^$ >.555.555 lm dunrfs hnumudhkfs jfs primlirfs kfzl mlsls. Uhrlnih surrlhd.
L lm rltrfsplntivh, hijkh mlif qul `hz.
Jf ìjhd kf hjf, lstèvhmfs `hturhjkf \^$ 8.<55.555+/mïs. Kfzl mlsls h phrtir kl ljtîf,
$ ;.;55.555/mïs. Ufr. Mïs. Pijtl l quhtrf mlsls klpfis kissf, udtrhphsshmfs \^$ 875.555.555
lm vljkhs, kfhmfs \^$ 7.555.555 phrh houkhr h ìjhjnihr fpfrtujikhkls icuhis lm èrlhs kl
ghixh rljkh. Nfjalnlmfs l ìzlmfs hmizhkl nfm Hrjfdk ^whrzljlcclr (alrþi hf dfjcf kh vikh)
l `fmfs nfjvikhkfs h slr mlmgrfs kf nfjsldaf kl suh ijstituiãîf kl nhrikhkl H`tlr ^naffd Hdd
^thrs.
Dlidh l lu jfs ljnfjtrhmfs nfm Hrjfdk ^nawhrzljcclr lm suh nhsh. Lsthmfs hcfrh jf nfjsldaf
jhnifjhd kl suh ijstituiãîf kl nhrikhkl H`tlr ^naffd Hdd ^thrs. H nrihãîf kl f`lrths kl Crhjk ^dhm jfs
klu hnlssf h plssfhs nfm hs quhis hpljhs sfjaèvhmfs.
Kfzl mlsls klpfis kissf, hcfrh tlmfs um pfrt`þdif kl sltl lmprlshs kl fitf l vèrifs
kícitfs lm umh vhrilkhkl kl sltfrls (`ftfcrhìh, pugdinhãîf, ìtjlss, nfjsudtfrih kl jlcþnifs,
gldlzh) l tipfs kl jlcþnifs (nhklihs kl tiofdf l hrchmhssh, sf`twhrl , slrviãf, nfmérnif ldltrûjinf,
trlijhmljtf l lkunhãîf). Jfsshs lmprlshs kl pfrt`þdif hcfrh `hturhm nlrnh kl \^$ 8.055.555
pfr slmhjh (l nrlsnljkf).
Kicf issf pfrqul sijnlrhmljtl jîf nfjsicf hnrlkithr. [ukf issf `fi pfr nhush kl um
chrfth qul hnrlkitfu lm mim, um nhrtîf kl nrékitf l umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm.
Lu sli qul tl tldltrhjspfrtli kl trhpfs phrh riqulzhs. L h plrcujth jhturhd é nfmf6 Issf é f
qul lu vfu ushr f rlstf klstl divrf (l divrfs rlsthjtls l nursfs crhtuitfs jlsth séril Hnquisitifj.nfm)
phrh klthdahr.
H ahgidikhkl kl `hzlr f`lrths ml shdvfu kh `hdïjnih l prfvhvldmljtl shdvfu mijah

vikh. Lu nfmlti thjtfs lrrfs jh mijah vikh. [fmli thjths klnisüls ruijs jh vikh. Lu
mhnauquli plssfhs nfjsniljtlmljtl l pfr ljchjf. Lu ìz nfishs ruijs nfm gfhs
ijtljãüls. Kicf issf pfrqul sfu aumhjf. Jîf prltljkf tlr hs rlspfsths. Lu tljaf mlus
prþprifs klmûjifs qul dutf tfkfs fs kihs. Mhs, hplshr khs mijahs muiths klìniïjnihs,
hijkh nfjslcui ìnhr muitf gfm lm umh nfish. . . l cfsthrih kl nfmphrtidahr nfm vfnï.
Ufssf ljsijè-df h nrihr þtimhs f`lrths.
Lu jîf sli qulm vfnï é (sim, vfnï, qul lstè dljkf issf). Mhs fgrichkf kf ùjkf kf
mlu nfrhãîf. Fgrichkf pfr ml plrmitir `hzlr um trhghdaf qul nfjsiklrf sicjiìnhtivf.
Fgrichkf pfr ml khr slu glm mhis vhdifsf „ suh htljãîf. Urfmltf `hzlr f mlu mldafr
phrh dal khr um rltfrjf pfsitivf.
Hqui lstè suh primlirh gfh jftínih? sl vfnï lstè dljkf issf, ljtîf vfnï oè lstè ljtrl
fs 85% mldafrls. H mhifrih khs plssfhs nfmprh nfishs l dfcf hs icjfrh. [hmgém pfssf
dhjãhr um spfidlr? quhjtf mhis vfnï hvhjãh jf divrf, mhifrls sl tfrjhm hs plpiths.
Hpljhs fgslrvl.
Lstl divrf ljtrlch.
F mujkf prlnish kl mhis lmprlljklkfrls. Urlnish kl mhis duthkfrls. Urlnish

mhis mhcih. L é issf qul lstfu nfmphrtidahjkf nfm vfnï „ mhcih.
F@LW[H^ KL CWHJK ^DHM
—@hãh umh f`lrth tîf gfh phrh hs plssfhs qul ldhs sl sljtirihm lstÿpikhs kizljkf
kizljkf jîf.”
‛ [WHPI^ OFJL^
OFJL^
tijah 7> hjfs l, phrh nithr Wuta kl Fzhrb, lu jîf shgih —mlrkh sfgrl `fkh”. Mhs dè
lu
lsthvh lu, lm um quhrtf kl aftld kl nfglrturh lm Dhs Plchs oujtf nfm klz
lmprlsèrifs hprljkljkf sfgrl mhrbltijc l vljkhs... pfssuíh jh épfnh).
Jh vlrkhkl, lu lsthvh hjsifsf, nfjstrhjcikf l pljsli qul lsthvh nfmltljkf um

crhjkl lrrf. Lu tijah phcf $ >.555 lm kijalirf l jîf prlnishvh ml sljthr å mlsh. Lu
shgih qul prlnishvh hprljklr. [fkf mujkf dè tijah um jlcþnif. . . lxnltf lu. Lu lsthvh
pdhjlohjkf nfmlãhr umh, umh hnhklmih.
[O, f frchjizhkfr, tlvl vèrifs jlcþnifs
j lcþnifs kl sunlssf. Ljquhjtf rlvishvh h hcljkh,
dlmgrf qul ldl `lz um nfmljtèrif imprfvishkf sfgrl chjahr \^$ 8.555.555 jhquldl
hjf.
\m. Midaîf. Kþdhrls. Lu lsthvh lj`litiãhkf. Lu qulrf slr nfmf lssl nhrh. Lu
`hrli quhdqulr nfish. F prfgdlmh lrh qul lu jîf shgih kf qul jljaum kldls lsthvh
`hdhjkf. BUIs6 NUDs6 [hxhs kl nfjvlrsîf6 Mijah nhglãh lsthvh cirhjkf ljquhjtf lu
ìjcih qul lu shgih kf qul ldls lsthvhm `hdhjkf. Mhs lu jîf ìz, l lu sfu ruim lm ìjcir.
Ljtrl —slssüls”, [O ml ljnfjtrfu. Ldl pfklrih kizlr qul lu lsthvh muitf hnimh kh mijah
nhglãh. [O lrh cljtid, nurifsf l htljnifsf. Klpfis kl um pfunf kl nfjvlrsh ìhkh, ldl ml `lz umh
plrcujth simpdls qul mukfu mijah vikh phrh slmprl. . .

—Pfnï qulr shglr f slcrlkf khs vljkhs6”
Lu jujnh tijah vljkikf jhkh jh mijah vikh. Lu jujnh tijah dikf um divrf sfgrl issf.
Lu tijah hnhghkf kl hprljklr f qul f tlrmf sicjiìnhvh (sérif). Ijndijli-ml phrh `rljtl, nfm h
ijtljãîf kl ghixhr nhkh sídhgh qul ldl `hdhvh kirltf phrh f mlu nérlgrf.
Hgri mlu gdfnf kl jfths l fdali phrh ldl nfm ijtljãîf. Lu lsthvh prfjtf phrh f
slcrlkf.
Ldl fdafu phrh mim nfm sfgrilkhkl l kissl? —@hãh ås plssfhs umh f`lrth tîf gfh qul ldls sl
sljtirihm lstÿpikfs kizljkf jîf”.
Hssljti, lsnrlvi, sugdijali l nirnudli. L nfm issf, tfkh h mijah visîf kl mujkf kl vljkhs `fi
trhjs`frmhkh.
Mijah mljtl nfmlãfu h nfrrlr. Lu jîf prlnishvh slr ahgidikfsf. . . fu mlsmf quhdqulr glm.
Lu sþ tijah qul ijvljthr nfishs qul quhdqulr um kirih sim. F mhifr ofcf kh mijah vikh tijah
nfmlãhkf.
^fgrl f qul é lstl divrf
Lm hdcum mfmljtf, tfkf lmprlsèrif glm-sunlkikf lrh um lmprlljklkfr klslohkf. \mh
plssfh nalih kl iklihs l `rustrhkh pfr tlr pftljnihd kl sfgrh. Hdcf hnfjtlnl quhjkf ldls plrnlglm
h afrrívld trfnh qul ldls (l thjths plssfhs) `hzlm „ trfnhjkf suh diglrkhkl pfr slcurhjãh
(`hdshmljtl) plrnlgikh.
^lu klsnfj`frtf humljth. L umh vlz qul f klsnfj`frtf kl plrmhjlnlr f mlsmf suplrh f
klsnfj`frtf kh mukhjãh, ldls kîf f shdtf. Lu vfu slr um lmprlsèrif phrh qul lu pfssh slr divrl.
Divrl phrh `hzlr f qul lu quislr, quhjkf lu quislr, nfm qulm lu quislr.
Hdcujs hprljklrhm sfgrl lmprlljklkfrismf pfr mlif kf klsljvfdvimljtf plssfhd.

Futrfs ljtrhrhm jldl htrhvés kl umh `rhjquih.
Futrfs nfmprhrhm nursfs.
L hdcujs hpljhs kisslrhm? —@*KH-^L. Lu lstfu `hzljkf issf. Lu vfu `hzlr ùjnifjhr.”
L `lz f trhghdaf qul ldls ìzlrhm.
H mhifrih kl jþs hgrl umh dfoh nfm h ijtljãîf kl houkhr hs plssfhs kl hdcumh `frmh. Muiths
vlzls, lssh hssistïjnih lstè kl hdcumh `frmh rldhnifjhkh h hdcf qul jfs h`ltfu plssfhdmljtl. Jþs
jfs prfpuslmfs h —rltriguir” `frjlnljkf vhdfr hfs futrfs, houkhjkf-fs h rlsfdvlr um prfgdlmh qul
hjtls jfs htfrmljthvh. Ufr futrf dhkf, ås vlzls lssl jîf é f jfssf nhmijaf. Lm hmgfs fs nhsfs,
jfs hplchmfs hf sfjaf kl `hzlr mhis l slr mhis divrls kf qul sfmfs hcfrh.
Muitfs kl jþs pljshmfs, ijcljuhmljtl, qul tlr um jlcþnif slrih jfssh mhifr rlhdizhãîf „ um
klstijf ìjhd „ quhjkf, jh vlrkhkl, lrh hpljhs f nfmlãf.
Kl hdcumh `frmh, jh trhjsiãîf ljtrl —hphixfjhkf pfr houkhr fs futrfs” l —pfssuir mlu primlirf
jlcþnif”, hfs pfunfs plrnlglmfs qul jîf shglmfs jhkh sfgrl jlcþnifs, muitf mljfs tlr dunrf.
Ufklmfs shglr muitf sfgrl jfssh phixîf, sfgrl pfr qul nfmlãhmfs f jlcþnif, mhs issf jîf
sicjiình qul shglmfs jhkh sfgrl tlr sunlssf jfs jlcþnifs. Uhrh crhjkl klnlpãîf kfs iklhdisths å
mhrclm, tlr sunlssf jfs jlcþnifs sicjiình `hzlr nfm qul fs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd jfs trfqulm
kijalirf pfr jfssfs slrviãfs. Jfssh phixîf pfr suhs mflkhs suhkhs. Lssl é f hnfrkf. H ÿjinh mhjlirh
kl `hnidithr lssh trfnh, rlhdizhr trhjshãüls, ditlrhdmljtl rlhdizhr jlcþnifs nfmf um jlcþnif , é `hzljkf
umh f`lrth hf ndiljtl lm pftljnihd.
F qul é umh f`lrth kl quhdqulr mhjlirh6

H ÿjinh mhjlirh kl `hzlr jlcþnifs é pfr mlif kl umh trfnh kl vhdfr, umh trfnh kl
kþdhrls pfr vhdfr. H f`lrth é f qul ijinih lstl nfmérnif. Lm pfunhs phdhvrhs, h f`lrth sîf fs
gljs l slrviãfs qul vfnï nfjnfrkh lm khr fu `frjlnlr, nfmf vfnï hnlith f phchmljtf l fs
tlrmfs kf nfjtrhtf. É f qul ijinih f prfnlssf kl fgtlr ndiljtls l chjahr kijalirf. É h
primlirh nfish nfm h quhd quhdqulr jfvf ndiljtl irè ijtlrhcir lm slu jlcþnif. Nfmf h f`lrth
é f qul htrhi jfvfs ndiljtls, é h `frãh vithd kf slu jlcþnif.
Jljaumh f`lrth6 Jljaum jlcþnif. ^lm vikh.

F`lrth ruim6 Dunrf jlchtivf. Jljaum jlcþnif. Pikh mislrèvld.
F`lrth klnljtl6 Jljaum dunrf. Jlcþnifs lsthcjhkfs. Lsthcjhjkf h vikh.
Gfh f`lrth6 Hdcum dunrf. Fb jlcþnif. Fb vikh.
F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm6 Dunrf `hjtèstinf. Jlcþnif ijshjf. Diglrkhkl.
Lstl divrf houkh fs lmprlljklkfrls h nrihr lsshs f`lrths kl Crhjk ^dhm. Lsths sîf hs
f`lrths qul sîf tîf lìnhzls, dunrhtivhs l trhjs`frmhkfrhs qul phrlnl qul sþ pfklm slr f
rlsudthkf kh sfrtl! É hssim qul phrlnl phrh um fdaf klstrlijhkf, pldf mljfs.
Nfmf vfnï prfvhvldmljtl oè shgl, nrili midahrls kl f`lrths jh ÿdtimh kénhkh. H mhifrih
`hdafu. Hdcujs sl shírhm glm. L hdcujs htijcirhm f furf. . . mhs lu jujnh sfugl rlhdmljtl
f pfrquï. Nfmf kissl f Kr. Gurcldmhj, um `hmfsf prf`lssfr kh lsnfdh kl hkmijistrhãîf
kl ^thj`frk, é muitf mldafr tlr ljtljkikf pfr qul vfnï `hdafu kf qul icjfrhr pfr qul vfnï
tlvl sunlssf.
Mhs, å mlkikh qul fs khkfs nfmlãhrhm h nalchr, f qul phrlnih —sfrtl” l —`frtujh”
lsthvh mhis prþximf kl umh lstruturh rlpltívld. Lu tivl h sfrtl kl tlr ljnfjtrhkf furf f
suìniljtl phrh kfnumljthr lssls `rhmlwfrbs l tlr nfjslcuikf —um rldçmphcf htijcir kuhs
vlzls”.
Nfdfquli hs lthphs l nfmpfjljtls klssls `rhmlwfrbs lm um `frmhtf dþcinf l kiclrívld
phrh qul slohm rlhdmljtl ÿtlis. Afol. Nfmf hcfrh. Lu lstfu
khjkf-dal
khjkf-dal hãîf. Lm vlz kl um divrf tristl, mhs típinf, kl tlfrihs vhchs kl jlcþnifs l
mhsturghãîf mljthd.
Fs kfis prijniphis prfgdlmhs qul h mhifrih kfs lmprlljklkfrls lj`rljth l nfmf issf
Divrf fs rlsfdvl
Lmgfrh vfnï pfssh `hzlr h disth kl prfgdlmhs qul lj`rljth umh midah kl nfmprimljtf,
f qul é umh þtimh mhjlirh kl sl lstrlsshr, tfkfs lssls prfgdlmhs clrhdmljtl sl fricijhm kl
kfis crhjkls bhaujhs?
8. Jîf aè ndiljtls
suìniljtls 7. Jîf aè kijalirf suìniljtl (lxnlssf kl dunrf jf ìjhd kf mïs)
Uhrlnl þgvif, nlrtf6 Nusth mhis kijalirf l tlmpf

t lmpf phrh nfjslcuir mhis ndiljtls, rlsfdvljkf
hssim f prfgdlmh um, l lssl kijalirf vlm khs mhrcljs kl dunrf, f qul nrih f prfgdlmh kfis!
F qul é mhis irrithjtl, fs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd nfmphrhm l mljfsprlzhm jfssfs slrviãfs lm
`hvfr kl hdtlrjhtivhs mhis ghrhths l ruijs „ nfm h mhis ghrhth —vljnljkf”. Issf, ndhrf, quhjkf
—chjahr” sicjiình trhghdahr mhis pfr hijkh mljfs (nhrh tristl).
Kichmfs qul vfnï tljah rlkuzikf fs prlãfs phrh nfjslcuir mhis ndiljtls. Pfnï pfkl hté
tlr umh nhrch nfmpdlth kf ndiljtl. Mhs hqui lstè vfnï, mhd nfjslcuijkf pfrqul hs mhrcljs
kl dunrf sîf muitf plquljhs. —Nfmpltiãîf” tfrjh-sl umh nfrrikh phrh f ùjkf.
^l vfnï lstè duthjkf nfm um fu hmgfs fs prfgdlmhs, vfnï jîf lstè sfzijaf.
Lu lstivl dè.
Nhrhmgh, hnaf qul tfkf lmprlljkl
lmprlljklkfr
kfr tlm lssls mlsmfs klshìfs.
Lu thmgém qulrf qul vfnï shigh qul jîf é suh nudph. Fs mfkldfs típinfs jîf `frhm
prfolthkfs phrh mhximizhr f dunrf. Ldls `frhm prfolthkfs pfr lmprlshs qul tïm muitfs
rlnursfs ìjhjnlirfs l pfklm fplrhr nfm prlouízf pfr hjfs. Xuhjkf lssls mfkldfs sîf
ushkfs jf mujkf rlhd, fs lmprlsèrifs mhd nfjslculm —sl virhr”.
Ldls lssljnihdmljtl —nfmprhm um lmprlcf” l trhghdahm 855 afrhs pfr slmhjh phrh lvithr
trhghdahr ;5. Nfmérnif ruim. Mlu phdpitl é qul sl vfnï `fr nfmf lu, vfnï sl ijsnrlvlu phrh
hdcf mldafr.
Mhjtljah umh mljtl hglrth. F nfjtlÿkf klstl divrf, sl lxlnuthkf, pfkl

trhjs`frml slu jlcþnif. . . vldfzls.
[ukf glm sl vfnï jîf cfsth kl jÿmlrfs kl kijalirf fu mfkldfs kl jlcþnifs. Lu ìz
tfkf lssl trhghdaf phrh vfnï. Lstfu friljthjkf vfnï pldf prfnlssf phssf h phssf jlsths
pècijhs. Pfu lxpdinhr klthdahkhmljtl nhkh um kfs kfis crhjkls prfgdlmhs qul hgfrkhmfs
hnimh, ijnduijkf pfr qul ldls jîf ùjnifjhm. Ljtîf lu vfu tl mfstrhr hs sfduãüls. L phrh
ljnlrrhr lsth hvljturh, lxpdinhrli nfmf humljthr f vhdfr phrh mhximizhr f quhjtf vfnï chjah
pfr ndiljtl, phrh qul vfnï pfssh vljklr mhis kf qul tfkfs l hnumudhr kijalirf.
\shmfs lssl mfkldf kl f`lrth phrh tfkfs fs jinafs nfm fs quhis trhghdahmfs
(quirfcrhìsths, kljtisths, hnhklmihs, hcïjnihs, ljnhjhkfrls, nhrpijtlirfs, phsslhkfrls kl
nîls, prfkutfs `ísinfs, sf`twhrl, dfohs `ísinhs l muitfs mhis), l é ijnrívld h rhpiklz nfm qul
hs nfishs pfklm mldafrhr nfm nhkh um kldls quhjkf ldls ushm lstl `rhmlwfrb.
F qul tlm phrh vfnï6
Lu nfmlti tfkfs fs lrrfs kl jlcþnifs (gurrfs) kf divrf. Hcfrh, vfnï pfkl hprljklr nfm
mlus lmghrhãfsfs, gruthis, `fkikfs midaüls kl kþdhrls slm tlr qul sf`rlr h kfr vfnï mlsmf.
Nfjstruir lssls jlcþnifs tlm sikf umh ofrjhkh muitf ki`ínid l lmfnifjhd phrh mim. Lu
jîf trfnhrih lsshs lxplriïjnihs pldf mujkf. Jf ljthjtf, sl lstl divrf houkhr hpljhs um
lmprlljklkfr h lvithr f sf`rimljtf nfmf lu sf`ri, mhjtlr slus jlcþnifs hglrtfs fu rlhdizhr
slus sfjafs, tukf vhdlrè h pljh.

^l vfnï lstivlr kispfstf h trfnhr f tlmpf qul dlvh phrh hssistir h kfis lpisþkifs kl slu
prfcrhmh kl [P `hvfritf l rlhdmljtl lstukhr lstl divrf - l sl vfnï impdlmljthr mlsmf um
ÿjinf nfmpfjljtl kl f`lrth - pfssf chrhjtir qul vfnï hkinifjhrè mhis ndiljtls l mhis kþdhrls
hfs slus rlsudthkfs . Dlr lstl divrf l dlvè-df h sérif slrè f mldafr rltfrjf jf prhzf phrh f slu
jlcþnif. Jhkh mhis plrmitirè qul vfnï `hãh f qul lstl divrf pfkl `hzlr jf mlsmf plrífkf kl
tlmpf.
Issf é umh prfmlssh.
Nfmf um gljl`ínif nfdhtlrhd „ impdlmljthr umh jfvh f`lrth é umh khs nfishs mhis `ènlis
`è nlis
kl `hzlr lm um jlcþnif. Ljtîf vfnï rlhdmljtl pfkl `hzlr issf. Lsth jîf é umh prètinh kl
clstîf fu affkff kl nfjstruãîf kl nudturh. Lstl é f vlrkhklirf tipf kl nfishs kf tipf —nfmf
vfnï vljkl mlrkh pfr muitf kijalirf”.
kijal irf”.
F quï tlm prh mim6

Lu kfu tfkfs lssls mhtlrihis (lstl divrf, f nursf qul f hnfmphjah l tfkfs fs futrfs divrfs
l nursfs qul vfnï pfkl ljnfjtrhr jf sitlquisitifj.nfm) crhtuithmljtl fu h prlãf kl nustf
phrh houkhr f mhifr jÿmlrf kl plssfhs aumhjhmljtl pfssívld h `hzlr mhis l slrvir mhis. L
lu ìz issf nfm h ijtljãîf kl `frjlnlr mhis vhdfr kf qul vfnï pfkl fgtlr kl um nursf kl \^$
8.555, quhdqulr prfcrhmh kl nfhnaijc kl \^$ >5.555 l, aidhrihmljtl, mhis kl um kipdfmh
ujivlrsitèrif kl \^$ 755.555. L `hãf issf pfrqul, lmgfrh puklssl vljklr lssls mhtlrihis
jlssl `frmhtf, simpdlsmljtl jîf qulrf. Lu chjali mlu kijalirf `hzljkf lsshs nfishs, jîf
ljsijhjkf nfmf `hzlr lsshs nfishs, hf nfjtrèrif kh mhifrih kh nfmujikhkl kl mhrbltijc lm
clrhd. Ljtîf mlu mfkldf é ki`lrljtl (vfu lxpdinhr mhis lm um slcujkf).
Kitf istf, aè kfis hrquétipfs-nahvl hfs quhis prfnurf hcrlchr vhdfr nfm mlus mhtlrihis
pugdinhkfs. Uhrh f hrquétipf I, lmprlljklkfrls nfm mljfs kl \^$ >.555.555 pfr hjf lm
rlnlith, mlu fgoltivf é houkè-df h nalchr dè l chjahr suh nfjìhjãh. [ljtl hpljhs hdcumhs
tètinhs klstl divrf, fgslrvl-hs ùjnifjhr, klpfis tljtl mhis hdcumhs, fgslrvl-hs ùjnifjhr. . . l
hssim pfr kihjtl. Xuhjtf mhis vfnï vï rlsudthkfs lm slu prþprif jlcþnif, mldafr.
\mh vlz qul vfnï tljah sunlssf, vfnï sl tfrjh f hrquétipf II, lmprlljklkfrls nfm um
míjimf kl \^$ > midaüls h \^$ 85 midaüls lm rlnlith hjuhd. Xuhjkf vfnï nalchr dè, fu sl
`fr vfnï hcfrh, ìnhrih afjrhkf lm ijvlstir lm slu jlcþnif l houkè-df h nruzhr $ >5 midaüls, $
<5 midaüls fu $ 855 midaüls +. Lu jîf vljkf nfhnaijc, mljtfrls, nursfs, fu quhdqulr nfish
hssim. Lm vlz kissf, tljaf um pfrt`þdif kl lmprlshs jhs quhis tljaf phrtiniphãîf hnifjèrih.
\sf h ij`rhlstruturh, fs rlnursfs l hs lquipls kl tfkhs hs mijahs lmprlshs phrh hnfmphjahr
slu nrlsnimljtf rhpikhmljtl.
Mhs jîf hnrlkitl lm mim hijkh... hnhghmfs kl jfs nfjalnlr.
^l vfnï lstivlr nurifsf, mlu mfkldf kl jlcþnifs é simpdls, hssim nfmf f dfcftipf kh pirçmikl
kl quhtrf plãhs?
8. @frjlnlr vhdfr slm nustf muitf suplrifr hf qul f rlsthjtl kf
thxhs kl mlrnhkf phrh.
7. @hãh nfm qul fs lmprlljklkfrls

lmprlljklkfrls uslm mhtlrihis qul rlhdmljtl ùjnifjlm l
chjalm kijalirf houkhjkf mhis plssfhs >. Chjal h nfjìhjãh kfs kfjfs kl
jlcþnifs aiplrlxlnutfrls
aiplrlxlnutfrls qul ushm hs lstruturhs phrh lxphjkir slus jlcþnifs phrh
\^$ > midaüls h \^$ 85 midaüls pfr hjf l hdém
;. Ijvisth jlssls jlcþnifs phrh nhushr mhis imphntf lm lsnhdh ljquhjtf houkh
tfkfs fs futrfs crhtuithmljtl.

crhtuithmljtl.
^l vfnï fdahr nfm nuikhkf, f prfnlssf kl ljcljahrih rlvlrsh kf sunlssf. Lu hnaf muitf
dlchd. Ploh nfmf? lu sli qul lssls lmprlsèrifs pfklm lxlnuthr fs `rhmlwfrbs qul lu tljaf slm
slcurhr h mîf l, pfrthjtf, slrih muitf prfvèvld qul tljahm sunlssf nfm f prþximf nfjoujtf kl
`rhmlwfrbs (nalchr h $ >5M, $ <5M, $ 855M phrlnl ki`lrljtl kl nalchr h \^$ > h \^$ 85 midaüls).
Ldls shglm qul mlu lstidf ùjnifjh phrh ldls, pfrqul oè ùjnifjfu. Ljtîf jþs fplrhmfs lm
nfjìhjãh nfmphrtidahkh
nfmphrtidahkh - lu nfjìf qul ldls pfklm lxlnuthr, l ldls nfjìhm qul jfssf mhtlrihd
ùjnifjh - jfvhmljtl, pfrqul ldl oè tlm... tukf ljquhjtf houkh tfkf mujkf... kl crhãh. Ufrthjtf,
issf ml plrmitl lvithr `hdahs prlvljtivhmljtl

prlvljtivhmljtl l humljth krhstinhmljtl h prfghgidikhkl kl sunlssf.
Klixh lu tl mfstrhr f quhjtf….

Jf mfmljtf kh rlkhãîf klstl hrticf, tfkfs fs jlcþnifs qul ijinili klskl mhrãf
kl 7583 hdnhjãhrhm umh thxh kl lxlnuãîf kl \^$ 8.<55.555/mïs. Kl hnfrkf nfm h
^mhdd Gusijlss Hkmijistrhtifj, hs nahjnls kl umh ÿjinh lmprlsh htijcir \^$ 85
midaüls/hjf lm rlnlith sîf kl 5,;%, fu 8 lm 7<5. ^l issf hnfjtlnlr quhtrf vlzls
slcuikhs, é kl 5,;% x 5,;% x 5,; % x .;%= prfghgidikhkl muitf muitf ghixh kl qul `fi sfrtl.
Nfmf thd, pfssf kizlr nfm nfjvinãîf qul shglmfs nfmf rlnrihr f sunlssf ushjkf
fs `rhmlwfrbs qul nfmphrtidaf rlpltikhmljtl. Ldls ùjnifjhm pfrqul sîf prijnípifs
kl jlcþnifs htlmpfrhis.
Pisuhdizf htivhmljtl, tfkfs fs kihs, nfmf `fi hnfrkhr jf mlif kf
h jfitl suhjkf `rif, imhcijhjkf nfmf lu `hrih h `fdah kl phchmljtf. Lssh —mlkithãîf”
hjcustihjtl ml mhjtém nfm `fml nfmf lmprlljklkfr, mhs thmgém crhtf pfr mijah
slcurhjãh l phz kl lspíritf. Lu qulrf f ÿdtimf phrh vfnï l quhdqulr futrh plssfh
qul sl impfrtl nfm f qul ldls `hzlm.
Oustf6
@rif. Ljtîf vhmfs `hzlr issf.
Lsgfãf Gèsinf klstl Divrf
Lstl divrf prltljkl slr um rlnursf. Nfmf rlnursf, qulrf kizlr qul slrè hdcf qul
vfnï dlrè l cuhrkhrè lm suh nhixh kl `lrrhmljths, vfdthjkf h ldl vèrihs vlzls. Ufr
quï6 Nfmf kiz Lijstlij, —jujnh mlmfrizl jhkh qul vfnï pfssh prfnurhr”. F jlcþnif
jîf é um lspfrtl phrh lsplnthkfrls. Pfnï jîf lstè sl prlphrhjkf phrh um mlif-
tlrmf, l vfnï jîf é um ìdþsf`f kl pudsf mfdl.
Pfnï trhghdah. L phrh trhghdahr, vfnï prlnish kl `lrrhmljths. Lstl, mlu hmicf, é um kfs
lsshs `lrrhmljths.
Dijahs clrhis
^lãîf I? Nfmf nalchmfs hqui (vfnï hnhgfu kl tlrmijhr)

^lãîf II? Urlãfs? nfmf nfgrhr muitf kijalirf pfr nfishs
^lãîf III? Phdfr? Nril suh f`lrth? nfmf `hzlr hdcf
Ulssfhs tîf gfhs `hzlm ìdh phrh nfmprhr

^lãîf IP? Hprimfrhjk

Hprimfrhjkf
f suh f`lrth? nfmf tfrjhr suh f`lrth hssim
Gfm, ldls sl sljtlm lstÿpikfs kizljkf jîf
^lãîf P? Urþximfs Uhssfs? Nfmf @hzlr Issf Hnfjtlnlr jf Wlhd

Mujkf
Uhrh nursfs crhtuitfs l divrfs tîf gfjs qul `hzlm slus jlcþnifs nrlsnlrlm slm f
slu nfjsljtimljtf, hnlssl? Hnquisitifj.nfm.
^LÃÎF II? UWLÃF^

NFMF NFGWHW M\I[F KIJALIWF UFW NFI^H^

>
UWLÃF? F UWFGDLMH KH NFMMFKI[Y
"Uljsl ki`lrljtl."
- ^[LPL OFG^
Wfw fr Kil” é um prijnípif ùjkhmljthd lm jfsshs lmprlshs. Hnrlkithmfs lm nhkh
—C
plssfh, nhkh lmprlsh l nhkh frchjismf lstè nrlsnljkf fu
mfrigujkf. H mhjutljãîf é um mitf.
F qul issf sicjiình é qul, sl suh lmprlsh jîf lstè nrlsnljkf, lstè mfrrljkf. Lsth é umh
rlhdikhkl prlfnuphjtl phrh muitfs kl jþs. Hprljki kh mhjlirh mhis ki`ínid, l mlus jlcþnifs
sf`rlrhm pfr muitf tlmpf pfr nhush kissf.
Klixl-ml lxpdinhr. F mlrnhkf lstè lm nfjsthjtl nrlsnimljtf. F mlrnhkf kl hãüls nrlsnl h
9% hf hjf. ^l jîf nrlsnlrmfs 9% hf hjf, lsthrlmfs ìnhjkf phrh très. —Mhjutljãîf”, jf sljtikf
mhis cljérinf, slrih um nrlsnimljtf kl 9% hjf h hjf.

Hdém kissf, sl vfnï lstivlr lm um mlrnhkf lm nrlsnimljtf, thdvlz prlnisl nrlsnlr kl

75 h >5% hf hjf, hpljhs phrh hnfmphjahr, fu nfrrl f risnf kl ìnhr phrh très. Ljtîf vfnï
pfkl vlr nfmf h mhjutljãîf é um mitf.
Ljtîf, f qul é prlnisf phrh nrlsnlr6 @ldizmljtl, hpljhs trïs nfishs simpdls?
8. Nfjquistl mhis ndiljtls

7. Humljtl slu vhdfr mékif kl nfmprh >. @hãh
nfm qul ldls nfmprlm mhis vlzls
É issf.
Ndhrf, lxistlm muiths mhjlirhs kl hkquirir ndiljtls l zidaüls kl mhjlirhs kl humljthr
f vhdfr kf plkikf l h `rlquïjnih kl nfmprh, mhs, simpdlsmljtl, é issf.
Lsshs sîf hs ÿjinhs trïs mhjlirhs kl nrlsnlr.
Lxlmpdf? sl lu vljklr 85 ndiljtls pfr mïs l um ndiljtl vhdlr \^$ 8.555 phrh mim hf
dfjcf kh vikh (pfr mlif kf vhdfr mékif kf nhrrijaf x jÿmlrf mékif kl nfmprhs), mlu
jlcþnif tlrè um dimitl kl \^$ 85.555/mïs (85 x \^$ 8.555).
85 jfvfs ndiljtls/mïs x $ 8.555 kl vhdfr vithdínif = $ 85.555/mïs kl rlnlith mèximh.
^l vfnï qulr nrlsnlr, vfnï prlnish vljklr mhis ndiljtls h nhkh mïs (mhjtljkf
mhrcljs hklquhkhs) fu `hzlr nfm qul ldls vhdahm mhis (humljthjkf f dunrf pfr nfmprh
fu f jÿmlrf kl vlzls qul nfmprhm). É issf.
Jfth kf hutfr - Hpljhs kuhs mhjlirhs kl nrlsnlr

Uhrh simpdiìnhr hijkh mhis lstl nfjnlitf. Jh vlrkhkl, lxistlm hpljhs kuhs mhjlirhs kl nrlsnlr?
fgtlr mhis ndiljtls l humljthr f vhdfr kl nhkh ndiljtl. —Humljthr f vhdfr kl nhkh ndiljtl” tlm kfis
sugcrupfs? 8) Humljthr f dunrf pfr nfmprh 7) Humljthr f jÿmlrf kl vlzls qul ldls nfmprhm. Uhrh
fs prfpþsitfs klstl divrf, klsthnf lssls kfis sugcrupfs nfmf nhmijafs kl nrlsnimljtf ijkivikuhis.
@iz issf pfrqul hnaf qul slrè mhis `ènid ljtljklr fs mfkldfs kl kijalirf qul virîf jf Pfduml III.
[fkfs fs trïs ‛ fgtlr mhis ndiljtls, humljthr slu vhdfr mékif kl nfmprh l `hzï-dfs nfmprhr mhis ‛
sîf tlmhs rlpltikfs jlstl divrf. Mhs sl vfnï gusnh h simpdinikhkl, thjtf h mékih nrlsnljtl
vhdfr kl nfmprh l humljthr f jÿmlrf kl vlzls qul um ndiljtl nfmprh rlsudth lm um

rlsudthkf? humljthr f vhdfr kl nhkh ndiljtl.
[lrmfs nfmlrnihis
Hjtls kl prfsslcuir, l phrh mldafr klthdahr fs nfjnlitfs qul sl slculm, klvlmfs klkinhr
um slcujkf phrh klìjir l ljtljklr mldafr hdcujs nfjnlitfs-nahvl kl jlcþnifs. Xuhjkf lu
lsthvh jhquldh nfglrturh kl Dhs Plchs nfm mijah nhmislth —mfkf glsth”, lu jîf tijah jfãîf
sfgrl lssls tlrmfs. Klixl-ml houkè-df h slr mldafr kf qul, glm, lu.
Dunrf Grutf? H rlnlith mljfs f nustf kirltf kl htljklr um ndiljtl HKINIFJHD. ^l lu

vljklr dfãîf pfr \^$ 85 l ldh ml nusthr \^$ 7, mlu dunrf grutf slrè kl \^$ 1 fu 15%. ^l lu
vljklr slrviãfs kl hcïjnih pfr \^$ 8.555/mïs l ml nusthr \^$ 855/mïs lm mîf kl fgrh
phrh vlinudhr h pugdinikhkl klssl ndiljtl, mlu dunrf grutf slrè kl \^$ 955 fu 95%. Jfth? Lstl
jîf é f dunrf díquikf. F dunrf díquikf é f qul sfgrh klpfis qul tfkhs hs klsplshs sîf phchs,
jîf hpljhs fs nustfs kirltfs kl htljkimljtf.
Phdfr vithdínif? F dunrf grutf hnumudhkf kurhjtl tfkh h vikh ÿtid kl um ndiljtl. Lstl é f
dunrf grutf mudtipdinhkf pldf jÿmlrf kl nfmprhs qul um ndiljtl mékif `hrè hf dfjcf kl suh
vikh. \shjkf f lxlmpdf hnimh, sl f ndiljtl mékif ình nijnf mlsls l phch \^$ 8.555/mïs
ljquhjtf ml nusth \^$ 855 pfr mïs phrh htljklr, slu vhdfr vithdínif é kl \^$ ;.<55.
Hqui lstè f klskfgrhmljtf?
Wlnlith? (\^$ 8.555/mïs * 95% kl mhrclm gruth * < mlsls) = \^$ ;.<55 hf dfjcf kh vikh
Phdfr (D[P)
Fgslrvl qul fs nustfs ijkirltfs, nfmf hkmijistrhãîf, sf`twhrl, hduculd, ltn., jîf lstîf
ijnduíkfs jf D[P.
Jfth? Pfnï ljnfjtrhrè ki`lrljtls klìjiãüls phrh f vhdfr kh vikh ÿtid klpljkljkf kh `fjtl.
H mhifr ki`lrljãh é qul hdcumhs `fjtls nfjthm hpljhs h rlnlith tfthd, ljquhjtf futrhs sl
nfjnljtrhm jf dunrf grutf hf dfjcf kh vikh ÿtid. lu `fnf lm

dunrf grutf. Pfnï thmgém pfkl ml vlr ml rl`lrir h issf nfmf Dunrf Grutf Pithdínif
D[CU lm futrfs tlxtfs phrh ìjs kl ndhrlzh.
Nfmprhs Friljthkhs h Phdfr x Nfmprhs Friljthkhs h Urlãf
Lstl divrf `fi nfjnlgikf phrh slr um divrf kikètinf phrh quhdqulr lmprlsh qul
qulirh nrlsnlr. Uhssli (l nfjtijuf chsthjkf) nljtljhs kl afrhs lm dichãüls l

rlujiüls prlsljnihis nfjsudthjkf lmprlljklkfrls jh ldhgfrhãîf kl suhs f`lrths.
Lu vi hquldls qul klnfdhm phrh h lstrhtfs`lr
lstrhtfs`lrh
h l hquldls qul `rhnhsshm.
[lr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm tfrjh quhsl impfssívld plrklr. Mhs pfr qul6 F
qul dal kè thjtf imphntf6 Lm sumh, tlr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm houkh nfm tfkfs
fs trïs rlquisitfs phrh f nrlsnimljtf? fgtlr mhis ndiljtls, `hzï-dfs phchr mhis l `hzï-
dfs `hzlr issf mhis vlzls.
Xuîf6 Ldl plrmitl qul vfnï sl ki`lrljnil kf mlrnhkf. Lm futrhs phdhvrhs,
plrmitl qul vfnï vljkh slu prfkutf nfm ghsl jf PHDFW l jîf jf UWLÃF.
Nfmmfkitizlk = Urinl Krivlj Uurnahsls (nfrrikh phrh f ùjkf)

Ki`lrljnihkf = Phdul Krivlj Uurnahsls (vljklr lm umh nhtlcfrih kl um slm
nfmphrhãîf.. îm, f mlrnhkf impfrth, qul vfu lxpfr jf prþximf nhpítudf)
nfmphrhãîf
\mh mlrnhkfrih, nfmf lu h klìjf, é um prfkutf kispfjívl

kispfjívldd lm muitfs duchrls.
Ufr lssl mftivf, é prfpljsf h nfmprhs nfm ghsl lm —prlãf” lm vlz kl —vhdfr”.
^l tfkfs fs prfkutfs sîf —icuhis”, ljtîf f mhis ghrhtf é f mhis vhdifsf pfr phkrîf.
Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, sl um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd nfmphrhr slu prfkutf nfm futrf l
pljshr qul —lstls sîf prhtinhmljtl fs mlsmfs, lu nfmprf f mhis ghrhtf”, ljtîf
ldls f nfmfkitizhrhm. Xul lmghrhãfsf! Mhs rlhdmljtl . . . é umh khs pifrls
lxplriïjnihs
lxplriïjnihs qul um lmprlljklk
lmprlljklkfr
fr friljthkf pfr vhdfr pfkl tlr.
Lstl é um crhjkl prfgdlmh phrh f lmprlsèrif pfrqul hs nfmmfkitils sîf
hvhdihkhs jf pfjtf kl lìniïjnih kf mlrnhkf. Issf sicjiình qul f mlrnhkf rlkuz f
prlãf pfr mlif kh nfjnfrrïjnih hté qul hs mhrcljs slohm suìniljtls phrh mhjtlr
hs duzls hnlshs? —hpljhs f suìniljtl” phrh sl tfrjhr um lsnrhvf kl slus jlcþnifs.
F jlcþnif chjah —hpljhs f suìniljtl” phrh oustiìnhr f prfpriltèrif lsplrhjkf hjsifshmljtl pfr
nfishs phrh "khr h vfdth pfr nimh", l jf mfmljtf lm qul lssh mljtirh é plrnlgikh. . . ldls lstîf
muitf prfùjkfs phrh pivfthr (pldf mljfs, hté hcfrh).
\mh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm rlsfdvl lssl prfgdlmh.
Mhs f qul umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm `hz6
[ukf glm, vhmfs nfmlãhr klìjijkf umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm.

É umh f`lrth qul vfnï hprlsljth hf mlrnhkf qul jîf pfkl slr nfmphrhkh h jljaum futrf
prfkutf fu slrviãf kispfjívld, nfmgijhjkf umh prfmfãîf htrhljtl, umh prfpfsth kl vhdfr ijicuhdèvld,
um prlãf prlmium l umh chrhjtih imghtívld nfm um mfkldf kl kijalirf (nfjkiãüls kl phchmljtf)
qul plrmitl sloh phcf phrh fgtlr jfvfs ndiljtls. . . rlmfvljkf phrh slmprl h rlstriãîf kl nhixh jf
nrlsnimljtf kfs jlcþnifs.
Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, plrmitl vljklr lm umh —nhtlcfrih kl um” fu, phrh hpdinhr futrh þtimh `rhsl,
—vljklr jf vènuf”. H klnisîf kl nfmprh rlsudthjtl phrh f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd hcfrh lstè ljtrl f slu
prfkutf l jhkh. Hssim, vfnï pfkl vljklr h quhdqulr prlãf qul f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd plrnlgh, jîf
lm nfmphrhãîf nfm quhdqulr futrh nfish. Nfmf rlsudthkf, vfnï fgtém mhis ndiljtls, nfm prlãfs
kl ijcrlssfs mhis hdtfs, pfr mljfs kijalirf. ^l vfnï cfsth kl tlrmfs kl mhrbltijc sfìstinh
sfìstinhkfs,
kfs,
sl klnfmpül hssim?
8. [hxhs kl rlspfsth humljthkhs (pljsl lm ndiquls)

7. Mhifr nfjvlrsîf (pljsl lm vljkhs)
>. Urlãfs Urlmium (pljsl lm nfgrhr muitf kijalirf).
[lr umh f`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm humljth suhs thxhs kl rlspfsth hfs hjÿjnifs (fu sloh, mhis
plssfhs ndinhrîf fu rlhdizhrîf umh hãîf lm um hjÿjnif qul vllm nfjtljkf umh f`lrth kf Crhjk
^dhm).
^l vfnï phchr h mlsmh quhjtih pfr cdfgfs fnudhrls, mhs 8) mhis plssfhs rlspfjklrlm, 7)
mhis klsshs rlspfsths nfmprhrlm l >) ldhs nfmprhrlm pfr prlãfs mhis hdtfs, suh lmprlsh nrlsnlrè.
Lu —htijci furf” jh mijah nfth kl f`lrths. Jîf pfrqul lu tljah hdcum suplrpfklr,
mhs pfrqul hnhgli kl `hzlr issf muiths vlzls (l `hdali hijkh mhis). ^lphrli h pfrnhrih
qul `hdah nrfjinhmljtl l lmgfdsli tfkhs hs nfishs qul tivlrhm sunlssf rlprfkutívld
(l nfdfquli jlstl divrf).
Hqui lstè h prijniphd diãîf kl tukf issf? umh lmprlsh `hz f mlsmf trhghdaf lm
hmgfs fs nhsfs (nfm umh f`lrth nfmfkitizhkh fu Crhjk ^dhm). F numprimljtf é f
mlsmf. Mhs sl umh lmprlsh ush umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm l futrh ush umh
F`lrth kl —nfmmfkity”, h F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm `hz nfm qul lssl jlcþnif phrlãh tlr
um prfkutf tfthdmljtl ki`lrljtl „ l issf sicjiình umh nfmprh friljthkh pfr vhdfr
vlrsus friljthkh pfr prlãf.
^l vfnï tivlr umh f`lrth kl —nfmmfkity”, nfmpltirè jf prlãf (nfm umh nfmprh
friljthkh pldf prlãf vlrsus umh nfmprh friljthkh pldf vhdfr). ûh f`lrth kl Crhjk
^dhm, jf ljthjtf, `frãh f prfsplnt h phrhr l pljshr kl `frmh ki`lrljtl phrh hvhdihr
f vhdfr kf slu prfkutf ki`lrljnihkf. @hzlr issf lsthgldlnl vfnï nfmf suh prþprih
nhtlcfrih, f qul sicjiình qul é muitf ki`ínid nfmphrhr prlãfs, f qul sicjiình qul vfnï
rlnhdigrh f mlkikfr kl vhdfr kf ndiljtl lm pftljnihd.
Mhtlmètinh kf kijalirf kh f`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm kh vikh rlhd? hjtls
l klpfis kh aistþrih rèpikh. . . umh kl jfsshs lmprlshs é um sf`twhrl qul hs
hcïjnihs kl pugdinikhkl ushm phrh trhghdahr dlhks phrh slus ndiljtls. \shjkf lstl
sf`twhrl, hs hcïjnihs trhjs`frmhm suh f`lrth kl umh f`lrth nfmfkitizhkh kl slrviãfs
kl clrhãîf kl dlhks phrh umh f`lrth Crhjk ^dhm kl —phchmljtf pfr klslmpljaf”.
Klixl-ml
Klixl-ml mfstrhr f l`litf mudtipdinhtivf qul issf tlm jh rlnlith kf jlcþnif.
**Lmgfrh hrrlkfjkhkfs phrh ìjs kl idustrhãîf, lssls vhdfrls sîf ghslhkfs jfs
jÿmlrfs rlhis qul umh hcïjnih kl clrhãîf kl dlhks qul vljkl slrviãfs phrh
lmprlshs `ísinhs**
Fdk Nfmmfkitizlk Shy (Urinl-Krivlj) - Nfrrikh phrh f ùjkf
F`lrth nfmfkitizhkh? $ 8.555 kl ljtrhkh, klpfis $ 8.555/mïs kl rltljãîf phrh
slrviãfs kl hcïjnih
Klthdahmljtf? Nfm um rltfrjf kl 5,< phrh 8 sfgrl fs chstfs nfm pugdinikhkl,

vfnï plrkl kijalirf jh fgtljãîf kl ndiljtls. Mhs lm >5 kihs, lssls < ndiljtls
phchrîf mhis \^$ 8.555 nhkh, dlvhjkf vfnï h \^$ 85.555 jf tfthd l f pfjtf kl
lquidígrif. Jf mïs slcuijtl, fs $ <.555 rlnlgikfs slrihm slu primlirf mïs dunrhtivf,
l nhkh mïs slcuijtl slrih dunrhtivf (supfjkf qul tfkfs plrmhjlãhm).
Lstl é um lxlmpdf kl slrviãf nfmfkitizhkf „ trhghdaf kl hcïjnih jfrmhd.
Aè um midaîf kldls, l tfkfs phrlnlm icuhis. Lmprlshs l f`lrths nfmfkitizhkhs tïm
mhis kiìnudkhkl lm fgtlr rlspfsths kl hjÿjnifs pfrqul tfkf f mhrbltijc kldls
phrlnl icuhd hf kl tfkfs fs futrfs.
Jfth? [ukf phrlnl icuhd pfrqul tfkfs lstîf `hzljkf h mlsmh f`lrth.
Pfnï jfs phch phrh trhghdahr.
Jþs trhghdahmfs.
[hdvlz vfnï fgtljah rlsudthkfs klssl trhghdaf. [hdvlz vfnï jîf.
É rhzfèvld, mhs é `hnidmljtl kupdinhkf (l suolitf h nfmfkitizhãîf). Lssh

nfmfkitizhãîf nrih umh nfmprh friljthkh pldf prlãf. .
.
Pfnï é `frãhkf h tlr prlãfs —nfmpltitivfs” phrh nfjslcuir ndiljtls l plrmhjlnlr

hssim phrh mhjtï-dfs. ^l f ndiljtl vï umh vlrsîf mhis ghrhth kf —mlsmf
nfish”, ljtîf h kisnrlpçjnih kl vhdfr `hrè nfm qul ldls trfqulm kl prfvlkfrls. Lstl é um kidlmh. . .
plrklr lstl ndiljtl, f rlstf kl mhrcljs
ûhs slus ndiljtls l ndiljtls
tfrjhm-sl lm pftljnihd,
tîf ìjhs fu plrmhjlnlr —nfmpltitivf”.
qul klshphrlnlm.
Hdém kissf, é ki`ínid `hzlr nfm qul fs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd kichm sim (l mhjtï -dfs kizljkf
sim), h mljfs qul vfnï sloh aiplrvicidhjtl sfgrl fs ndiljtls qul nfmfkitizhm slus jlcþnifs mhjtljkf-
sl —nfmpltitivfs”. L lssl é f prfgdlmh nfm h vldah `frmh nfmfkitizhkh. Ldls sîf nhphzls kl
nfmphrhr. H mljfs qul vfnï mukl phrh umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm, slus prlãfs nfjtijuhrîf sljkf
rlkuzikfs. F jlcþnif lvljtuhdmljtl mfrrl, fu f lmprlsèrif ofch h tfhdah. Jîf gfm.
Xulrlmfs `hzlr umh f`lrth tîf ki`lrljtl qul vfnï pfssh pudhr h lxpdinhãîf lstrhjah kl pfr qul
slu prfkutf é ki`lrljtl kl tfkfs fs futrfs (f qul, sl ldls tivlrlm qul plrcujthr, prfvhvldmljtl sîf
icjfrhjtls klmhis
klmhis phrh ljtljklr h lxpdinhãîf) l, lm vlz kissf, hpljhs tlr f f`lrlnlr `hzlr lssl
trhghdaf phrh vfnï. Lssl é f olitf kh F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm.
Phmfs mlrcudahr phrh vlr f nfjtrhstl jfs jÿmlrfs kl vljkhs.
Jlw Crhjk ^dhm F``lr Shy (Ki`lrljnihkf, Ijnfmphrèvld)

Ijnfmphrèvld) (Phdfr Krivlj)
F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm? Uhcul umh vlz. (^lm thxh rlnfrrljtl. ^lm rltljãîf.) Hpljhs nugrh fs
chstfs nfm hjÿjnifs. Lu vfu clrhr dlhks l trhghdahr slus dlhks phrh vfnï. L sþ ml phcul sl hs
plssfhs hphrlnlrlm. L lu chrhjtf qul vfnï rlnlgl 75 plssfhs jf slu primlirf mïs, fu vfnï chjah
f prþximf mïs crètis. [hmgém `frjlnlrli tfkhs hs prètinhs rlnfmljkhkhs kl futrhs lmprlshs nfmf
h suh.
[rlijhmljtf kièrif kl vljkhs phrh suh lquipl
^nripts tlsthkfs
Ufjtfs kl prlãf tlsthkfs l f`lrths phrh klsdizhr l impdhjthr
Crhvhãüls kl vljkhs
. . . l tukf mhis qul vfnï prlnish phrh vljklr l htljklr slus ndiljtls. Lu dal khrli tfkf f divrf
kl ofcf phrh (ijslrir ijkÿstrih), hgsfduthmljtl crètis hpljhs phrh

tfrjhjkf-sl ndiljtl.
Lm pfunhs phdhvrhs, lstfu hdimljthjkf plssfhs lm slu jlcþnif, mfstrhjkf
lxhthmljtl nfmf vljkï-dhs phrh qul vfnï pfssh fgtlr fs prlãfs mhis hdtfs, f qul
sicjiình qul vfnï chjah f mèximf kl kijalirf pfssívld. . . sfh oustf f suìniljtl6
É ndhrf qul lsths sîf f`lrths krhstinhmljtl ki`lrljtls. . . Mhs l khí6 Fjkl lstè h
f kijalirf!6 Phmfs nfmphrhr hmgfs jf crèìnf hghixf.
Wlphrtiãîf? Pfnï chsth h mlsmh quhjtih kl kijalirf phrh fs mlsmfs cdfgfs

fnudhrls. Ljtîf, vfnï rlnlgl 7,< vlzls mhis plssfhs phrh rlspfjklr hf slu hjÿjnif
pfrqul é umh f`lrth mhis htrhljtl. H phrtir khí, vfnï `lnah 7,< vlzls mhis plssfhs
pfrqul h f`lrth é muitf mhis htrhljtl. H phrtir khí, vfnï pfkl nfgrhr um prlãf ;x mhis
hdtf hjtlniphkhmljtl. F rlsudthkf ìjhd é 7,< x 7,< x ; = 77,;x mhis kijalirf nfdlthkf
hjtlniphkhmljtl. îm, vfnï chstfu $ 85.555 phrh chjahr $ 887.555. Pfnï hnhgfu kl
chjahr kijalirf fgtljkf jfvfs ndiljtls.
Nfmphrhãîf? Dlmgrl-sl kh mhjlirh hjtich, h mhjlirh nfmf vfnï plrklu mlthkl
kfs chstfs nfm hjÿjnifs jh `rljtl6 Nfm h jfvh `frmh, vfnï lstè chjahjkf mhis
kijalirf l nfjquisthjkf mhis ndiljtls. Issf sicjiình qul slu nustf phrh hkquirir um
ndiljtl é tîf ghrhtf (lm rldhãîf hf quhjtf vfnï chjah) qul slu `htfr dimithjtl sl tfrjh
suh nhphnikhkl kl `hzlr f trhghdaf qul vfnï oè cfsth kl `hzlr. F `duxf kl nhixh l h
hquisiãîf kl ndiljtls jîf sîf mhis slu chrchdf pfrqul sîf 77,; vlzls mhis rljtèvlis
qul f mfkldf hjticf. îm. Pfnï dlu nlrtf. Lsth é h phrtl kf ìdml kl hãîf lm qul vfnï sl
h`hsth kl umh lxpdfsîf lm nçmlrh dljth.
Lsth é h f`lrth lxhth kf Crhjk ^dhm qul ushmfs nfm jfssf jlcþnif kl sf`twhrl
qul htljkl hcïjnihs. Fs jÿmlrfs pfklm sl tfrjhr sldvhcljs. . . vldfzls. Lu sli qul 77,;x
mldafr phrlnl irrhnifjhd, mhs lssl é f pfjtf. ^l vfnï ofchr f mlsmf ofcf qul tfkfs fs
futrfs, vfnï fgtlrè fs mlsmfs rlsudthkfs qul tfkfs fs futrfs (mlkífnrl). Pfnï hnlrth
simpdls l kupdhs, mhjtém hs duzls hnlshs, mhs jujnh hvhjãh. Mhs dlmgrl-sl kh
phsshclm kl hglrturh klstl divrf? quhjkf vfnï hdijah tfkhs hs plãhs, vfnï pfkl klrrugè-
dhs tîf glm qul vfnï chjah kl vlz. Jfs mlus primlirfs 81 mlsls jf jlcþnif, phsshmfs
kl \^$ <55 mid/hjf phrh \^$ 71.555.555/hjf nfm mljfs kl \^$ 8 midaîf lm chstfs nfm
hjÿjnifs. Ljtîf, quhjkf lu kicf 75?8. . . <5?8. . . 855?8 rltfrjh, qulrf kizlr issf. Xuhjkf
vfnï hnlrthr issf, fs rlsudthkfs sîf, glm. . . ijhnrlkitèvld.
Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
Lstl nhpítudf idustrfu f prfgdlmh gèsinf nfm nfmfkitizhãîf l nfmf hs f`lrths kl
Crhjk ^dhm rlsfdvlm issf. Issf tirh vfnï kh culrrh kl prlãfs l ljtrh lm umh nhtlcfrih kl
um. F prþximf nhpítudf sl nfjnljtrhrè lm ljnfjtrhr f mlrnhkf nfrrltf phrh hpdinhr jfsshs
lstrhtécihs kl prlãfs. É umh khs nfishs mhis impfrthjtls phrh hnlrthr. \mh f`lrth kl
crhjk sdhm khkh hf pÿgdinf lrrhkf nhirè lm fuvikfs surkfs. Xulrlmfs lvithr issf h tfkf
nustf. Klvlmfs klsvihr kl
prlãfs pfr um mfmljtf phrh hprljklr f qul prfnurhr lm um mlrnhkf. É umh nhixh
lssljnihd phrh vlriìnhr hjtls kl nfjtijuhr jfssh ofrjhkh.
[\[FWIHD KL GÛJ\^ KL UWL^LJ[L CWH[\I[F J¿ 8? —NFMLNL HX\I”
^l vfnï quislr sl hprfùjkhr, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs l hssisth hf primlirf víklf kf nursf

crhtuitf (nfm suh vlrkhklirh lstrldh) sfgrl nfmf ki`lrljnili f`lrths lm lmprlshs qul nfjsudtf l `hãf nfm qul
ldhs nfgrlm prlãfs prlmium. Lu thmgém nrili hdcujs ^FUs/Nalht Nfkls crhtuitfs phrh vfnï ushr l
impdlmljthr mhis rèpikf. É hgsfduthmljtl crètis. Hprfvlithr.
UWLÃF^? LJNFJ[WHW F MLWNHKF NLW[F -- \M @FML

M\D[IKÎF
—H slmljtl qul nhiu lm gfh

gf h tlrrh rlprlsljth hquldls qul rlhdmljtl fuvlm l ljtljklm
h phdhvrh kl Klus l prfkuzlm umh nfdalith kl trijth, slssljth fu hté nlm vlzls mhis
kf qul `fi pdhjthkf!”
‛ MH[L\^ 8>?7> (J[DA)
\MH prf`lssfr kl mhrbltijc plrcujtfu h slus hdujfs? —^l vfnï `fssl hgrir umh
nhrrijaf kl nhnafrrf-quljtl, l vfnï sþ pfklrih tlr umh vhjthclm sfgrl f slu
nfjnfrrljtls. . . quhd slrih. . . 6”
"Dfnhdizhãîf! ….Xuhdikhkl! ….Urlãfs ghixfs! ….Mldafr shgfr!”
Fs hdujfs nfjtijuhrhm hté qul ìjhdmljtl ìnhrhm slm rlspfsths.

Ldls sl ljtrlfdahrhm lsplrhjkf f prf`lssfr `hdhr. H shdh ìjhdmljtl ìnfu lm sidïjnif.
F prf`lssfr sfrriu l rlspfjklu? —\mh mudtikîf `hmijth”.
Pfnï pfkl tlr fs pifrls nhnafrrfs-quljtls, prlãfs tlrrívlis l lsthr lm umh

dfnhdizhãîf tlrrívld, mhs sl vfnï `fr h ÿjinh ghrrhnh kl nhnafrrf-quljtl kh nikhkl l
f ofcf kl ùtlgfd kh `hnudkhkl dfnhd nfmlãhr, vfnï vhi sl vljklr. Lssl é f vhdfr kl
umh mudtikîf `hmijth.
Jf ìjhd khs nfjths, sl afuvlr muith klmhjkh pfr umh sfduãîf, vfnï pfkl slr
mlkífnrl jfs jlcþnifs, tlr umh f`lrth tlrrívld l jîf tlr nhphnikhkl kl plrsuhkir hs
plssfhs, l hijkh pfkl chjahr kijalirf.
\m lxlmpdf kissf `fi h lsnhsslz kl phpld aiciïjinf jf ijínif kh Nfvik-89. Jîf
afuvl f`lrth. F prlãf lrh htrfz. L jîf ahvih kisnursf kl vljkhs nfjvijnljtl. Mhs,
nfmf h mudtikîf lrh tîf crhjkl l `hmijth, rfdfs kl phpld aiciïjinf nusthvhm \^$
855 fu mhis. Lssl é f vhdfr kl umh mudtikîf `hmijth.
Pljkljkf Ofrjhis
\m gfm hmicf mlu, Ddfyk, lrh kfjf kl umh lmprlsh kl sf`twhrl qul slrviu
ofrjhis pfr quhsl umh kénhkh. Ldls nfjìcurhrhm slrviãfs kl hjÿjnifs
hj ÿjnifs kicithis lm
sitls kl ofrjhis nfm hpljhs hdcujs ndiquls l fs houkhrhm ijsthjthjlhmljtl h vljklr
um prfkutf kl hjÿjnif tfthdmljtl jfvf. Ldl sþ nfgrfu umh pfrnljthclm kh rlnlith
qul ldl hkinifjfu. Ljtîf, sl ldls jîf ìzlrhm jhkh, ldl thmgém jîf. @fi purf chjaf
phrh fs ofrjhis l umh crhjkl f`lrth.
Mhs, hplshr kl tlr umh crhjkl f`lrth l nhphnikhkl kl vljkhs jhturhd, slu
jlcþnif nfmlãfu h klndijhr. ^ljkf um lmprlljklkfr kl hdtf klslmpljaf, ldl
tljtfu tfkfs fs çjcudfs ki`lrljtls phrh rlsfdvlr f prfgdlmh „ mhs jhkh ùjnifjfu.
Ldl jîf nfjslcuih klsnfgrir quhd lrh f prfgdlmh. @fi ki`ínid phrh mim vï-df duthr nfm
issf pfrqul hnaf qul Ddfyk é muitf mhis ijtldicljtl kf qul lu, l h rlspfsth phrlnih
þgvih phrh mim. Mhs vï-df phsshr pfr issf tlm sikf umh diãîf
Dlvli nfmicf phrh h vikh. Hjtls kl rlvldhr, quhd vfnï hnah qul `fi f prfgdlmh6 Urfkutfs6
F`lrth6 Mhrbltijc l vljkhs6 F timl kldl6
Phmfs klnfmpû-df.
klnfmpû-df. Jîf lrh f prfkutf kldl „ issf lrh þtimf. jîf lrh kldl
f`lrth ‛ ldl tijah um mfkldf kl phrtiniphãîf jf nhpithd kl risnf zlrf. Jîf lrhm suhs ahgidikhkls kl vljkhs - ldl
lrh um vljklkfr jhtf. Ljtîf, quhd lrh f prfgdlmh6 Ldl lsthvh vljkljkf phrh ofrjhis!
^lu mlrnhkf lsthvh ljnfdaljkf 7<% h nhkh hjf! Ldl fdafu phrh tfkfs fs çjcudfs,
lxnltf phrh f mhis þgvif. @ijhdmljtl, klpfis kl hjfs duthjkf umh ghthdah ki`ínid lm slu
mlrnhkf, ldl plrnlglu qul slu mlrnhkf lrh h `fjtl kl slus prfgdlmhs l klnikiu rlkuzir
f thmhjaf kl suh lmprlsh.
Jîf sl prlfnupl - lsth aistþrih tlm umh slcujkh mlthkl. Uhrh idustrhr f pfklr kl
um mlrnhkf, hssim qul f NFPIK nalcfu, Ddfyk mukfu. Ldl ùjkfu umh lmprlsh kl
`hgrinhãîf hutfmhtizhkh kl mèsnhrhs. Nfm h jfvh tlnjfdfcih, ldl trfuxl f nustf pfr
mèsnhrh hghixf kf qul hs plssfhs pfklrihm nfmprè-dhs jh Naijh. Kljtrf kl nijnf mlsls
ldl lsthvh `hzljkf midaüls pfr mïs. Mlsmf lmprlsèrif. Mlrnhkf ki`lrljtl. Ldl hpdinfu
slu mlsmf nfjoujtf kl ahgidikhkls h um jlcþnif lm qul jîf tijah lxplriïjnih l `fi
nhphz kl vljnlr. Lssl é f pfklr kl lsnfdalr f mlrnhkf nlrtf.
Lu dal kfu lssh aistþrih nfmf um nfjtf kl hkvlrtïjnih. ^lu mlrnhkf impfrth.
Ddfyk é um aumhjf muitf ijtldicljtl. Ldl é fgvihmljtl muitf nhphz. Mhs tfkfs jþs
pfklmfs ìnhr nlcfs nfmf lmprlljklkfrls pfrqul jîf cfsthmfs kl klsistir. Lsthmfs
tîf hnfstumhkfs h rlsfdvlr prfgdlmhs impfssívlis qul nfjtijuhrlmfs ghtljkf nfm h
nhglãh jh phrlkl. Fkihmfs klsistir. Mhs h rlhdikhkl é qul tfkfs sîf h`lthkfs pldf slu
mlrnhkf.
Ljtîf, nfmf vfnï lsnfdal f mlrnhkf nlrtf6
F qul prfnurhr
Lxistl um mlrnhkf qul prlnish klslsplrhkhmljtl

klslsplrhkhmljtl kl suhs ahgidikhkls. Pfnï prlnish ljnfjtrè-df.
L quhjkf vfnï ìzlr issf, vfnï vhi nhpithdizhr, ljquhjtf sl plrcujth pfr qul vfnï klmfrfu
thjtf. Jîf sloh rfmçjtinf nfm slu pÿgdinf. îrvh hs plssfhs qul pfklm phchr f qul
vfnï vhdl. L dlmgrl-sl qul lsnfdalr um mlrnhkf, nfmf quhdqulr nfish, é slmprl jfssh
lsnfdah, ljtîf lsnfdah nfm shglkfrih.
Uhrh vljklr quhdqulr nfish, vfnï prlnish kl klmhjkh. Jîf lsthmfs tljthjkf nrihr
klmhjkh. Lsthmfs tljthjkf nhjhdizè -df. Lssh é umh kistijãîf muitf impfrthjtl. ^l vfnï
jîf tivlr um mlrnhkf phrh suh f`lrth, jhkh kf qul sl slcul ùjnifjhrè. Lstl divrf ijtlirf
sl ghslih jh supfsiãîf kl qul vfnï tlm pldf mljfs um mlrnhkf —jfrmhd”, qul klìjf
nfmf um mlrnhkf qul lstè nrlsnljkf jh mlsmh prfpfrãîf qul f mlrnhkf l qul tlm
jlnlssikhkls nfmujs jîf htljkikhs qul sl ljquhkrhm lm umh khs trïs nhtlcfrihs?
mldafrih kh shÿkl , riqulzh humljthkh fu rldhnifjhmljtfs mldafrhkfs.
Ufr lxlmpdf, Ddfyk, kh aistþrih kf ofrjhd hnimh, pfklrih tlr dikf tfkf lstl divrf l jhkh hqui
tlrih ùjnifjhkf phrh ldl.
Ufr quï6 Ufrqul ldl lsthrih mirhjkf jfs ofrjhis, um mlrnhkf mfrigujkf.
Kitf istf, tlr um crhjkl mlrnhkf é umh vhjthclm. Mhs vfnï pfkl lsthr lm um
mlrnhkf jfrmhd qul lstè nrlsnljkf h umh thxh mékih l hijkh chjahr muitf kijalirf. [fkf
mlrnhkf lm qul lstivl `fi um mlrnhkf jfrmhd. Pfnï sþ jîf qulr vljklr cldf phrh
lsquimþs .
Hqui lstîf fs prijnípifs gèsinfs kf qul prfnurf jfs mlrnhkfs. Phmfs plrnfrrlr
hjtls kl vfdthrmfs å f`lrth.
Hf lsnfdalr mlrnhkfs, prfnurf quhtrf ijkinhkfrls?
8) Kfr mhniãh Ldls

jîf klvlm qulrlr, mhs prlnishm klslsplrhkhmljtl, f qul lstfu f`lrlnljkf. H kfr
pfkl slr quhdqulr nfish qul `rustrl hs plssfhs sfgrl suhs vikhs. Lsthr qulgrhkf é kfdfrfsf.
\m nhshmljtf ruim é kfdfrfsf. Lsplrhr jh ìdh
ìd h kf suplrmlrnhkf é kfdfrfsf.
Kfr jhs nfsths . . . sfrrisf `lif kfr. . . kfr kf lxnlssf kl plsf. . . F slr aumhjf sf`rl muitf.
Ljtîf, phrh jþs lmprlljklkfrls,

lmprlljklkfrls, fpfrtujikhkls ijìjiths jîf `hdthm.
F crhu kh kfr slrè prfpfrnifjhd hf prlãf qul vfnï pfklrè nfgrhr (mhis sfgrl issf jf nhpítudf
Lquhãîf kl Phdfr). Xuhjkf ldls fuvirlm h sfduãîf phrh suh kfr l, ijvlrshmljtl, nfmf slrih suh
vikh slm lssh kfr, ldls klvlm slr htrhíkfs phrh h suh sfduãîf.
Lu tljaf um kithkf qul usf phrh trlijhr lquipls kl vljkhs —H kfr é f nhmpf”. ^l vfnï
puklr hrtinudhr nfm prlnisîf h kfr qul um prfsplnt lstè sljtijkf, ldls quhsl slmprl nfmprhrîf f
qul vfnï lstè f`lrlnljkf. \m ndiljtl lm pftljnihd klvl tlr um prfgdlmh kfdfrfsf phrh rlsfdvlrmfs
l nfgrhr pldh jfssh sfduãîf.
Kinh
prfìssifjhd F fgoltivf kl umh gfh rlkhãîf é qul f dlitfr ljtljkh.

F pfjtf kl umh gfh plrsuhsîf é qul f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd sl sijth nfmprlljkikf.
7) Ufklr kl nfmprh \m
hmicf mlu tijah um sistlmh muitf gfm phrh houkhr hs plssfhs h mldafrhr slus nurrínudfs
phrh nfjslcuir mhis ljtrlvisths kl lmprlcf. Ldl lrh þtimf jissf. Mhs pfr mhis qul tljthssl, ldl
simpdlsmljtl jîf nfjslcuih `hzlr nfm qul hs plssfhs phchsslm pfr slus slrviãfs. Ufr quï6
Ufrqul lsthvhm tfkfs klslmprlchkfs!

klslmprlchkfs!
Issf, jfvhmljtl, pfkl phrlnlr þgvif. Mhs ldl pljsfu? —Lsshs plssfhs sîf `ènlis kl htijcir.
Ldls lstîf nfm muith kfr. Lxistlm muitfs kldls, l lstè nfjsthjtlmljtl hkinifjhjkf jfvhs
plssfhs. Lstl é um crhjkl mlrnhkf!”
Ldl simpdlsmljtl lsqulnlu um pfjtf nrunihd? slu pÿgdinf prlnish pfklr phchr pldf slrviãf
pldf quhd vfnï lstè nfgrhjkf. Nlrtiìqul-sl

Nlrtiìqul-sl kl qul slus hdvfs ttljahm
ljahm f kijalirf, fu hnlssf å
quhjtikhkl kl kijalirf jlnlssèrih phrh nfmprhr slus slrviãfs pldfs prlãfs qul vfnï prlnish phrh
`hzlr vhdlr h pljh f slu tlmpf.
>) @ènid kl slcmljthr
Kichmfs qul vfnï tlm um mlrnhkf plr`litf, mhs jîf tlm nfmf ljnfjtrhr hs plssfhs qul f
nfmpülm. Glm, `hzlr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm slrè ki`ínid. lu `hãf
mijah vikh mhis `ènid prfnurhjkf mlrnhkfs `ènlis kl htijcir. Lxlmpdfs kissf sîf
hvhthrls qul tïm hssfnihãüls ås quhis plrtljnlm, disths kl kisnussîf, crupfs kl
míkih sfnihd, nhjhis qul tfkfs hssistlm, ltn. ^l jfssfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd lstîf
tfkfs rlujikfs lm hdcum duchr,
duch r, pfklmfs `hzlr mhrbltijc phrh ldls. ^l prfnurè-dfs, jf
ljthjtf, é nfmf ljnfjtrhr hcudahs lm um phdalirf, ljtîf pfkl slr muitf ki`ínid fgtlr
suh f`lrth jh `rljtl kl fdafs pftljnihdmljtl ijtlrlsshkfs.
Lstl pfjtf é tètinf. É h rlhdikhkl, jîf tlþrinh. Ufr lxlmpdf, vfnï pfkl qulrlr
slrvir h mékinfs rinfs. Mhs sl slus hjÿjnifs lstivlrlm sljkf lxigikfs phrh lstukhjtls
kl lj`lrmhclm, suh f`lrth nhirè lm fuvikfs surkfs, jîf impfrth quîf gfh sloh. Ufjtf
prijniphd? vfnï qulr tlr nlrtlzh kl qul pfkl slcmljthr `hnidmljtl slu pÿgdinf-hdvf iklhd.
(Lsndhrlnimljtf
(Lsndhrlnimljtf - jîf aè prfgdlmh lm qulrlr htljklr mékinfs rinfs, ldls sîf
`ènlis kl ljnfjtrhr. Issf é hpljhs idustrhtivf kl qul suhs prfmfãüls klvlm slr
vlinudhkhs phrh f pÿgdinf nlrtf).

;) Nrlsnlr
Fs mlrnhkfs lm nrlsnimljtf sîf nfmf um vljtf h `hvfr. Ldls `hzlm tukf hvhjãhr
mhis rèpikf. Mhrnhkfrls lm klndíjif sîf nfmf vljtfs nfjtrèrifs. Ldls tfrjhm tfkfs fs
ls`frãfs mhis ki`ínlis. Lstl `fi f lxlmpdf kl Ddfyk. Fs ofrjhis tijahm trïs khs quhtrf
nhrhntlrístinhs kl um crhjkl mlrnhkf? (8) muith kfr, (7) pfklr kl nfmprh, (>) `ènid kl
htijcir. Mhs ldls lsthvhm ljnfdaljkf (rèpikf). Jîf impfrth f quhjtf ldl tljthssl, tfkf
f mlrnhkf lsthvh duthjkf nfjtrh ldl. Fs jlcþnifs oè sîf ghsthjtl ki`ínlis l fs mlrnhkfs
sl mfvlm rhpikhmljtl. Ljtîf, vfnï thmgém pfkl ljnfjtrhr um gfm mlrnhkf phrh
dal khr um vljtf h `hvfr l `hnidithr f prfnlssf.
[frjhjkf issf rlhd
Lxistlm trïs mlrnhkfs prijniphis qul slmprl lxistirîf? ^hÿkl, Wiqulzh l Wldhnifjhmljtfs.
H rhzîf pldh quhd ldls slmprl lxistirîf é qul slmprl aè umh kfr trlmljkh quhjkf vfnï jîf
fs pfssui. ^lmprl aè klmhjkh pfr sfduãüls phrh lsshs kfrls aumhjhs nljtrhis. F fgoltivf é
ljnfjtrhr um sugcrupf mljfr kljtrf kl um klssls ghdkls mhifrls qul lstloh nrlsnljkf, tljah
pfklr kl nfmprh l sloh `ènid kl slcmljthr (hs futrhs trïs vhrièvlis).
Ljtîf, sl lu `fssl um lsplnihdisth lm rldhnifjhmljtfs tljthjkf ljnfjtrhr mlu hvhthr, lu
prl`lririh ml nfjnljtrhr jf trlijhmljtf kf —rldhnifjhmljtf kh slcujkh mlthkl kh vikh” phrh
vltlrhjfs kf qul houkhr lstukhjtls ujivlrsitèrifs lm rldhnifjhmljtfs. Ufr quï6 Ufrqul fs
ikfsfs qul lstîf sfzijafs prfvhvldmljtl sf`rlm mhis kfr å mlkikh qul lstîf mhis prþximfs
kl suhs mfrtls (kfr), tïm mhis pfklr kl nfmprh (kijalirf) l sîf `ènlis kl ljnfjtrhr (kirlnifjhmljtf).
Ufr ìm, jf mfmljtf kh rlkhãîf klstl hrticf, aè mhis plssfhs nfmpdlthjkf 0< hjfs h nhkh
hjf kf qul 75 (nrlsnljkf).

( nrlsnljkf).
Lssh é h iklih. Uljsl jf qul vfnï é gfm lm rldhãîf å shÿkl, riqulzh l rldhnifjhmljtfs.
Lm slcuikh, pljsl lm qulm pfkl vhdfrizhr mhis f slu slrviãf (é f qul mhis sf`rl), tlm f
pfklr kl nfmprh phrh phchr f qul vfnï qulr (kijalirf) l pfkl slr ljnfjtrhkf `hnidmljtl
(slcmljthãîf). Klskl qul lssls trïs nritérifs slohm `frtls l f mlrnhkf jîf lstloh ljnfdaljkf,
vfnï lsthrè lm gfh `frmh.
Mhs quîf impfrthjtl phrh f slu sunlssf é ljnfjtrhr um —crhjkl mlrnhkf” vlrsus um
—mlrnhkf jfrmhd” vlrsus um —mlrnhkf ruim”6 H rlspfsth? jh vlrkhkl klpljkl.

Klixl-mll lxpdinhr.
Klixl-m
Frklm kl Impfrtçjnih? [rïs Hdhvhjnhs phrh f ûnlssf
É imprfvèvld qul vfnï lstloh lm um mlrnhkf mfrigujkf nfmf f lxlmpdf kf ofrjhd.
[hmgém é imprfvèvld qul vfnï vljkh phpld aiciïjinf jf NFPIK (`rljlsi kl nfmprh).
Pfnï prfvhvldmljtl lsthrè lm um mlrnhkf —jfrmhd”. L tukf glm. Aè umh `frtujh h slr
`lith jfs mlrnhkfs jfrmhis. Mlu ÿjinf pfjtf hqui é qul vfnï jîf pfkl lsthr lm um
mlrnhkf —ruim”, fu jhkh ùjnifjhrè. Kitf istf, hqui lstè h idustrhãîf mhis simpdls kh frklm
kl impfrtçjnih ljtrl mlrnhkfs, f`lrths l ahgidikhkls kl plrsuhsîf?
Mudtikîf @hmijth (mlrnhkf) : @frãh kh F`lrth : Ahgidikhkls kl Ulrsuhsîf
Kichmfs qul vfnï ndhssiìqul lssls ldlmljtfs lm umh lsnhdh kl þtimf, jfrmhd l
ruim. Pfnï pfkl lssljnihdmljtl mfvlr h dijah kh lsqulrkh phrh h kirlith lm frklm kl
impfrtçjnih. \mh ndhssiìnhãîf —þtimh” lm umh plãh kl frklm suplrifr suplrh quhdqulr
futrh ij`lrifr jh lsnhdh kl prifrikhkl. \mh ndhssiìnhãîf —jfrmhd” mfvl h gfdh phrh h
prþximh phrtl kh lquhãîf. \m —ruim” ijtlrrfmpl h lquhãîf , h mljfs qul um —þtimf” kl
um nfmpfjljtl kl prifrikhkl mhis hdth h hjudl. Hqui lstîf hdcujs lxlmpdfs?
Lxlmpdf #8? Mlsmf qul vfnï tljah umh f`lrth ruim l sloh ruim lm plrsuhsîf, vfnï
chjahrè kijalirf sl lstivlr lm um þtimf mlrnhkf. ^l vfnï lstè jh lsquijh vljkljkf
nhnafrrfs-quljtls
nhnafrrfs-quljtls quhjkf fs ghrls `lnahm ås 7 kh mhjaî, nfm umh mudtikîf kl gïghkfs
`hmijtfs, vfnï vhi vljklr slus nhnafrrfs-quljtls.
Lxlmpdf #7 (h mhifrih kl jþs)? ^l vfnï lstivlr lm um mlrnhkf jfrmhd l tivlr umh
f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm (þtimh), pfklrè chjahr muitf kijalirf mlsmf sl `fr ruim lm
plrsuhsîf. Lsth é h mhifrih khs plssfhs dljkf lstl divrf. É pfr issf qul f lsnrlvi - phrh
houkè-df h mhximizhr slu sunlssf hprljkljkf h rlhdmljtl nfjstruir um Crhjk
houkè-df
F`lrth ^dhm.
Lxlmpdf #>? Kichmfs qul vfnï lstloh lm um mlrnhkf jfrmhd l tljah umh f`lrth
jfrmhd. Uhrh slr glm-sunl
glm-sunlkikf,
kikf, vfnï tlrih qul slr lxnlpnifjhdmljtl gfm lm plrsuhsîf.
Ljtîf l sþ ljtîf vfnï tlrè sunlssf,

nfm suhs ahgidikhkls plrsuhsivhs slrvijkf nfmf f ùdnrf kf slu sunlssf. Nhrhmgh, muitfs
impérifs `frhm nfjstruíkfs pfr plrsuhsfrls lxnlpnifjhis. É hpljhs f nhmijaf mhis ki`ínid kl
slcuir l rlqulr mhis ls`frãf l hprljkizhkf. Urlchr suh f`lrth houkh vfnï h ljnurthr lssl nhmijaf
phrh f sunlssf. Nhsf nfjtrèrif, vfnï tlrè hpljhs um jlcþnif jfrmhd qul lxicl ahgidikhkl
lxnlpnifjhd phrh slr glm-sunlkikf (jhkh kl lrrhkf nfm issf, mhs prfvhvldmljtl jîf f qul vfnï
sl ijsnrlvlu).
Nfmprfmlth-sl nfm f jinaf
Lu tljaf um kithkf hf trlijhr lmprlljklkfrls jh lsnfdah kl slu mlrnhkf-hdvf ? —Jîf ml

`hãh ghtlr lm vfnï kl jinaf”.
Muiths vlzls, um jfvf lmprlljklkf

lmprlljklkfrr tljth slm ljtusihsmf umh f`lrth lm um mlrnhkf, jîf
chjah um midaîf kl kþdhrls l klpfis pljsh lrrfjlhmljtl qul —lstl é um mlrnhkf ruim”. Jh
mhifrih khs vlzls issf jîf é rlhdmljtl f nhsf. Ldls simpdlsmljtl hijkh jîf ljnfjtrhrhm umh
f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm phrh hpdinhr h lssl mlrnhkf.

Ldls pljshm, lu vfu klixhr kl houkhr kljtisths phrh houkhr quirfprètinfs - é issf!
Xuhjkf, jh rlhdikhkl, hmgfs sîf mlrnhkfs jfrmhis l rlprlsljthm gidaüls kl kþdhrls lm rlnlith.
Xuhdqulr um ùjnifjhrih, mhs jîf fs kfis. Pfnï klvl lsnfdalr um. Jijcuém pfkl slrvir h kfis
mlstrls.
Lu nujafu f tlrmf —thph kl jinaf” phrh dlmgrhr fs lmprlljkl
lmprlljklkfrls
kfrls lm mijahs nfmujikhkls
h sl nfmprfmltlrlm hssim qul lsnfdalrlm. [fkfs fs jlcþnifs l, tfkfs fs mlrnhkfs, tïm
nhrhntlrístinhs klshcrhkèvlis.
klshcrhkèvlis. H crhmh jujnh é mhis vlrkl quhjkf vfnï nalch hf futrf dhkf. ^l
vfnï nfjtijuhr pudhjkf kl jinaf lm jinaf, lsplrhjkf qul f mlrnhkf rlsfdvh slus prfgdlmhs,
vfnï mlrlnl um thph jf jinaf.
Pfnï klvl ìnhr nfm f qul vfnï lsnfdalr pfr tlmpf suìniljtl phrh tlr tljthtivh l lrrf. Pfnï
vhi `hdahr. Jh vlrkhkl, vfnï `hdahrè hté tlr sunlssf. Mhs vfnï `hdahrè
` hdahrè pfr muitf mhis tlmpf sl
nfjtijuhr mukhjkf phrh qulm vfnï nfmlrnihdizh, pfrqul vfnï klvl rlnfmlãhr kf ijínif h nhkh
vlz. Ljtîf, lsnfdah l nfjìrml.
Hs riqulzhs lstîf jfs jinafs
H futrh rhzîf phrh sl nfmprfmltlr nfm f jinaf é pfr nhush kl quhjtf mhis
vfnï vhi `hzlr.
împdiìnhjkf, f jinaf `hrè nfm qul vfnï chjal muitf mhis kijalirf.
Jfth kf hutfr - Xuhjkf hmpdihr (nfjsldaf phrh h mhifrih khs plssfhs)

Uhrh h mhifrih, sl vfnï tlm mljfs kl \^ $ 85 midaüls pfr hjf, h rlkuãîf kl jinafs `hrè
nfm qul vfnï chjal mhis kijalirf. Klpfis kissf, vhi klpljklr kl quîf lstrlitf é f jinaf, fu, f
qul é nahmhkf kl [HM (tfthd hkkrlsshgdl mhrblt). \m jlcþnif sþ pfkl nrlsnlr phrh htljklr f
mlrnhkf tfthd ljklrlãèvld. Kitf istf, phrh h mhifrih khs plssfhs, nalchr h \^$ 85 midaüls pfr
hjf oè é umh nfjquisth kl 5,;% (hpljhs 8 lm 7<5 lmprlshs nfjslcul issf). Hssim, phrh 99,0%
kfs dlitfrls nfm mljfs kl \^$ 85 midaüls pfr hjf, é quhsl slmprl mhis `ènid htljklrmljfs
ndiljtls kl `frmh mhis rlstrith. Mhs sl vfnï quislr ir hdém kissf, vfnï pfkl (klpljkljkf kf
thmhjaf kf slu [HM) tlr qul hmpdihr slu pÿgdinf sugijkf, klsnljkf fu ljtrhjkf lm um mlrnhkf
hkohnljtl fjkl slus slrviãfs lxistljtls pfsshm hcrlchr vhdfr.
Uhrh nfjtlxtuhdizhr, muiths lmprlshs lxphjkirhm phrh \^$ >5 midaüls fu mhis pfr hjf
htljkljkf h um ÿjinf jinaf? Xuirfprètinfs, Hnhklmihs, Ljnhjhkfrls, ^fdhrls, [ldahkfs,
Urfpriltèrifs kl ^hdüls ltn. lstè lrrhkf. Pfnï sþ prlnish slr mldafr.
Xuhjkf lu rlhdmljtl ljtljki quhjtf dunrf h mhis lu lsthvh klixhjkf jh mlsh, issf
mukfu mijah vikh. @fi f qul ml dlvfu kl `hzlr hquisiãîf phrh quhdqulr um phrh ljsijè-df h
um hvhthr lsplníìnf. Jf mlu nhsf, klniki tlr um kfjf kl minrfhnhklmih nfm nlrnh kl 855
mlmgrfs, um nfjtrhtf kl hduculd hssijhkf, pldf mljfs um ùjnifjèrif l qulrih houkhr fs
ndiljtls h plrklr plsf. Issf é ghsthjtl lsplníìnf lm nfmphrhãîf nfm —kfjfs kl plquljhs
lmprlshs” fu —quhdqulr um qul ml phcul”, f qul é nfmum.
L lu ùi muitf lsplníìnf. Jlssl jlcþnif (Cym Dhujna) - rlnushmfs - l hijkh rlnushmfs -
quhdqulr um qul jîf sloh lssl hvhthr. Issf sicjiình qul jîf aè plrsfjhd trhijlrs, trlijhkfrls
fjdijl, ltn.
Lu pfklrih tï-dfs houkhkf6 Ndhrf qul lu pfklrih. Xulrf kizlr, h mhifr phrtl kf jfssf
pfrt`þdif é nfmpfsth pfr lmprlshs qul jîf sîf kl hnhklmih. Mhs, phrh mhjtlr f `fnf jf
prfkutf l hs mljshcljs kl hdth nfjvlrsîf, shglr lxhthmljtl phrh qulm lrh f prfkutf `fi
umh virhkh jf ofcf.
Issf jfs houkfu h shglr lxhthmljtl nfm qulm lstèvhmfs `hdhjkf f tlmpf tfkf. L
lxhthmljtl nuofs prfgdlmhs lstèvhmfs rlsfdvljkf.
Mhs simpdinikhkl l `hnidikhkl pfklm jîf slr suìniljtls phrh ij`duljniè-df, ljtîf klixl-ml
idustrl pfr qul hprimfrhr um jinaf `hrè nfm qul vfnï chjal mhis kijalirf.
Mftivf? vfnï pfkl ditlrhdmljtl nfgrhr 855x mhis pldf mlsmf prfkutf.
Khj Bljjlky `fi h primlirh plssfh h idustrhr issf phrh mim, l `hrli f mlu mldafr phrh phsshr h
tfnah phrh vfnï jlsths pècijhs.
Lxlmpdf kl prlãf kl prfkutf kl jinaf?
lxlmpdf
Khj Bljjlky ml ljsijfu issf (l mukfu mijah vikh phrh slmprl). Kichmfs qul vfnï vljklu
um nursf cljérinf sfgrl clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf. H mljfs qul vfnï `fssl um crhjkl curu kl
clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf nfm umh aistþrih nfjvijnljtl fu ÿjinh, slrih imprfvèvld qul sl
trhjs`frmhssl lm hdcf sicjiìnhtivf. F qul vfnï hnah qul —mhis um” nursf kl clrljnihmljtf kl
tlmpf é vhdfrizhkf6 $ 89, $ 796 Nlrtf. Jhkh qul lsnrlvlr. Kichmfs hpljhs \^$ 89 phrh ìjs kl
idustrhãîf.
**Hcfrh vhmfs diglrhr f pfklr kh prlniìnhãîf kl jinaf lm vèrifs lstècifs lm slu
prfkutf** Ljtîf, vhmfs imhcijhr qul vfnï tfrjl f prfkutf mhis lsplníìnf, mhjtljkf fs mlsmfs
prijnípifs, l f nahml kl —Clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf phrh prfìssifjhis kl vljkhs”. Kl rlpljtl,
lstl nursf é phrh um tipf mhis lsplníìnf kl plssfh. Ufklríhmfs vijnudhr f humljtf kldls h mhis
umh vljkh fu mhis um jlcþnif l vhdlrih h pljh
mhis. Mhs aè muitfs vljklkfrls. Ufrthjtf, lstl pfkl slr um prfkutf kl \^ $ 99.
Dlchd, mhs pfklmfs `hzlr mldafr.
Ljtîf, vhmfs klsnlr futrf jívld kl jinaf l nahmhr jfssf prfkutf…. —Clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf
phrh rlprlsljthjtls kl vljkhs kl shíkh G7G.” ^lcuijkf fs mlsmfs prijnípifs kl lsplniìnikhkl,
hcfrh shglmfs qul jfssfs vljklkfrls prfvhvldmljtl tïm jlcþnifs l nfmissüls muitf lxplriljtls.
\mh ÿjinh vljkh rljklrih `hnidmljtl h lssl vljklkfr $ <55 (fu mhis), ljtîf slrih `ènid oustiìnhr um
prlãf kl $ ;99.
Lstl oè é um humljtf kl 7<x jf prlãf phrh um prfkutf quhsl ikïjtinf. Lu pfklrih phrhr pfr hqui, mhs
vfu khr um phssf hkihjtl.
Phmfs hpljhs jinaf phrh ghixf um ÿdtimf jívld…. —Clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf phrh `lrrhmljths
ldétrinhs kl shíkh G7G l rlprlsljthjtls kl vljkhs kl ohrkijhclm.” Lstrfjkf.
Uljsl jissf pfr um slcujkf, sl vfnï `fssl um rlprlsljthjtl kl vljkhs kl shíkh kl `lrrhmljths
ldétrinhs, vfnï pljshrih nfjsicf mlsmf —Issf é `litf lxhthmljtl phrh mim” l ìnhrih `ldiz lm
klslmgfdshr thdvlz \^ $ 8.555 h \^ $ 7.555 pfr um prfcrhmh kl clrljnihmljtf kl tlmpf qul pfklrih
houkè-df h hdnhjãhr slus fgoltivfs. mlth.
Hs phrtls rlhis kf prfcrhmh pfklm slr hs mlsmhs kf nursf cljérinf kl \^$ 89, mhs klskl qul
`frhm hpdinhkhs, l hs mljshcljs kl vljkhs pfklm `hdhr muitf nfm lstl hvhthr, ldls hnahrîf mhis
htrhljtl l fgtlrîf mhis vhdfr lm um rlhd nhmijaf. Lstl nfjnlitf sl hpdinh h quhdqulr nfish qul vfnï
klnikh `hzlr. Pfnï qulr slr 'f nhrh' qul htljkl 'lstl tipf kl plssfh' fu rlsfdvl 'lstl tipf kl prfgdlmh'.
L hijkh mhis jitikhmljtl 'lu rlsfdvf lssl tipf kl prfgdlmh phrh lssl tipf lsplníìnf kl plssfh klssh
mhjlirh ÿjinh l nfjtrh-ijtuitivh qul rlvlrtl slu mlkf mhis prfùjkf”.
É pfr issf qul um prfcrhmh kl nfjkinifjhmljtf `ísinf phrh plrkh kl plsf cljérinh pfkl nusthr
hpljhs \^ $ 89, ljquhjtf um prfcrhmh kl nfjkinifjhmljtf `ísinf prfolthkf l nfmlrnihdizhkf hpljhs
phrh lj`lrmlirfs kl turjf pfkl nusthr \^ $ 8993 ... (mlsmf qul f jÿndlf kf prfcrhmh sloh
prfvhvldmljtl slmldahjtl - nfmh mljfs, mfvh-sl mhis ).
Wlsudthkf ìjhd? F mlrnhkf impfrth. ^lu jinaf impfrth. L sl vfnï pfkl vljklr
f mlsmf prfkutf pfr 855x f prlãf, jîf é6
Lu vfu klixhr vfnï klnikir.
Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
F prfpþsitf klstl nhpítudf é rl`frãhr kuhs nfishs. Urimlirf, jîf lsnfdah um mlrnhkf ruim .
Fs mlrnhkfs jfrmhis lstîf glm. Crhjkls mlrnhkfs sîf crhjkls. Lm slcujkf duchr, klpfis kl
lsnfdalr, nfmprfmlth-sl nfm issf hté klsnfgrir.
^l vfnï tljthr nlm f`lrths, prfmltf qul tlrè sunlssf. H mhifrih khs plssfhs jujnh tljth
jhkh. Futrfs `hdahm umh vlz l klpfis klsistlm. É prlnisf rlsidiïjnih phrh tlr sunlssf. Uhrl kl
plrsfjhdizhr! Jîf é sfgrl vfnï! ^l suh f`lrth jîf ùjnifjhr, issf jîf sicjiình qul vfnï é péssimf.
Issf sicjiình qul suh f`lrth é umh mlrkh. Crhjkl ki`lrljãh. Pfnï sþ é péssimf sl phrhr kl
tljthr. Ljtîf, tljtl jfvhmljtl. Pfnï jujnh sl tfrjhrè kl ndhssl mujkihd sl phrhr hpþs umh
tljthtivh `rhnhsshkh.
^l vfnï ljnfjtrhr um gfm mlrnhkf dfunf, mfjtl-f l mfjtl-f nfm `frãh. L sl vfnï nfmgijhr
umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm nfm um mlrnhkf mhdunf, prfvhvldmljtl jujnh prlnishrè trhghdahr
jfvhmljtl (sérif). Ufrthjtf, tljah lssl nfjoujtf kl ahgidikhkls - h nhphnikhkl kl hvhdihr nfm
prlnisîf fs mlrnhkfs, dlvhjkf lm nfjsiklrhãîf

n fjsiklrhãîf h kfr, f kijalirf, h slcmljthãîf l f nrlsnimljtf
- lm slu gfdsf kl très phrh qul, quhjkf um rldçmphcf fnfrrlr, vfnï pfssh tlrt lr nlrtlzh kl qul ldl
fnfrrlrè kuhs vlzls.
[ljkf lsthgldlnikf nfmf nfjquisthr um mlrnhkf, vfdtlmfs hfs prlãfs. F
primlirf phssf phrh chjahr kijalirf dfunf é nfgrhr prlãfs prlmium.
[\[FWIHD KL GÛJ\^ KL UWL^LJ[L CWH[\I[F #7? PLJKLJKF MLWNHKF^
^l vfnï quislr shglr mhis sfgrl nfmf lsnfdaf mlrnhkfs l ljnfjtrhr jinafs dunrhtivfs, hnlssl
Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs nfursl l hssisth h —Sijjijc Mhrblts” phrh um grlvl tutfrihd lm víklf. Lu
thmgém ijnduí umh disth kl vlriìnhãîf crhtuith phrh vlr nfmf slu mlrnhkf fu jinaf sl nfmpfrth. É
tfthdmljtl crhtuitf, hprfvlitl.
<
—Nfgrhr f prlãf mhis hdtf qul puklr kizlr lm vfz hdth slm hgrir um sfrrisf.”
- KHJ BLJJLKY
\mh `ftf kf Cym Dfrks ûmmit 7589 phrh jfssfs kfjfs kl hnhklmihs kl jívld
mhis hdtf, tfkfs fstljthjkf mlu gicfkl mfklrjf.
[ukf f qul lu pfkih vlr lrh prltf. Mlus fdafs phrlnihm crukhkfs. Lu lsthvh hnfrkhkf, mhs h
`hkich lm mijahs tïmpfrhs phrlnih qul um plsf kl kfis quidfs lsthvh prlsf nfm ìth hklsivh jf
mlu nrçjif, hrrhsthjkf mijahs pèdplgrhs kl vfdth phrh ghixf. Lu tivl qul ml nfjnljtrhr å `frãh
\MH phrh hgri-dfs.
Fs klthdals kf quhrtf mhd idumijhkf gridahrhm. Lu rfdli phrh h glirhkh kh nhmh
kf quhrtf kl aftld, sljtijkf nhkh mÿsnudf kf mlu nfrpf ljquhjtf mlu plsf
mukhvh. Nurvhkh kl dhkf, pukl vlr mijahs rfuphs lsphdahkhs pldf naîf. Lu lsthvh
tîf nhjshkf jh jfitl hjtlrifr qul jlm ml dlmgrhvh kl tirè-dfs.
Lu tijah hnhghkf kl tlrmijhr um klshìf kl nijnf kihs kl phdlstrh hpþs
hprlsljthãîf kl phdlstrh. Kfis kihs kl hprlsljthãüls phrh jfssfs ndiljtls kl mhis
hdtf jívld, slcuikfs imlkihthmljtl kl kfis kihs kl pdhjlohmljtf nfm tfkh h jfssh
lmprlsh (mhis kl 8>< ùjnifjèrifs).
Lu ahvih plrkikf umh dichãîf kf @hnl[iml kf mlu phi jf kih hjtlrifr. Lu jîf
tijah jhkh jh mijah hcljkh phrh h mhjaî. Ljtîf lu ml dlvhjtli, vlstijkf um
mfdltfm nfm nhpuz l um mfdltfm, l nhmijali hté f nfrrlkfr kf aftld phrh nahmè-
df kl vfdth. Hpþs hs cljtidlzhs ijinihis, ldl imlkihthmljtl mlrcudafu jf mftivf kl
lsthr dichjkf „ prlfnuphãîf kfs phis.
—Lu vi h `ftf qul vfnï pfstfu kl tfkfs fs slus ndiljtls. . . ‛ kissl ldl, mhs lm
um tfm ijnfmumljtl prlfnuphkf. —Hnali qul f lvljtf lrh phrh tfkfs fs slus
ndiljtls mhis glm phcfs6 Jîf shgih qul lrh um crhjkl lvljtf. Uhrlnih qul vfnï
tijah mid plssfhs dè!”
^fzijaf jf nfrrlkfr l hijkh duthjkf phrh shnukir f plsf kh lxhustîf, tljtli
hvhdihr kl fjkl vijah suh prlfnuphãîf l hfjkl ldl qulrih nalchr. Lu oè tijah
lxpdinhkf tukf issf phrh ldl. —Lrh hpljhs phrh jfssfs ndiljtls kl jívld mhis hdtf,
qul jîf lrhm tfkfs fs jfssfs ndiljtls”, lu kissl. —Hpljhs hquldls qul phchm \^$
;7.555 pfr hjf. . . jfssfs Dfrkls kl Cijèsif, nfmf lu kissl h vfnï.”
—Nhkh plssfh jlssh `ftf tl phcfu \^$ ;7.5556” Ldl phrlnih quhsl hssusthkf
nfm h iklih.
"îm, sldvhclm, nlrtf6" Mijah vfz lsthvh rfunh kl kihs kl `hdh l midahrls kl
nfjvlrshs kl vijtl slcujkfs.

—É dlchd f qul vfnï lstè `hzljkf6” ldl plrcujtfu. \hu. Issf humljtfu rhpikhmljtl, lu
Uljsli nfmicf mlsmf. —Ldls shglm qul lstîf phchjkf thjtf hssim6”
—îm, é dlchd. L é ndhrf qul ldls shglm. Jîf é nfmf klsvihr kijalirf mhcinhmljtl.” "Istf
é muitf kijalirf. Lsplrf qul f qul vfnï lstè khjkf h ldls vhdah h pljh.”
Lu nfjtlmpdli sl vhdih h pljh f ls`frãf phrh mlrcudahr jissf fu simpdlsmljtl icjfrè-df.

Mhs shgljkf qul issf ih slr —umh nfish”, rlspirli ùjkf l nfmlnli h lxpdinhr. —^l lu chjahssl
\^$ 7>9.555 lxtrhs lstl hjf, vfnï ml phchrih \^$ ;7.5556” Lu plrcujtli, ushjkf —$7>9.555”
pfrqul lrh f humljtf mékif jh rlnlith kl umh hnhklmih ushjkf jfssfs sistlmhs pfr 88
mlsls.
—Nfm nlrtlzh,” ldl kissl, —qulr kizlr, sl lu sfuglssl qul ih `hzlr issf kl vfdth.
Mhs f qul lu tlrih qul `hzlr6”
` hzlr6”
—Nlrnh kl 8< afrhs slmhjhis kl trhghdaf”
—L quhjtf tlmpf dlvhrih phrh lu chjahr fs \^$ 7>9.5556”
"Fjzl mlsls"
—L quhjtf kfs \^$ ;7.555 lu tlrih qul phchr hkihjthkf6”
"Jhkh. Hpljhs ml phcul quhjkf vfnï nfmlãhr h chjahr kijalirf ushjkf f sistlmh”
Lu hssisti ndinhr. Mlu phi nfjslcuiu. —Fa,” ldl kissl, —glm ljtîf, sim, lu
`hrih issf."
—L é pfr issf qul ldls `hzlm issf thmgém.”
Chjahr muitf kijalirf hnhgh nfm h nhglãh khs plssfhs. Issf ditlrhdmljtl lstljkl suhs
mljtls tîf hdém kf qul ldls hnrlkithm slr pfssívld qul ldls hssumlm qul vfnï lstè `hzljkf
hdcf lrrhkf fu idlchd. Ldls ditlrhdmljtl —jlm nfjslculm”.
Ufr quï6 Ufrqul ldls pljshm nfjsicf mlsmfs. . . ldls jîf pfklm slr muitf mhis
ijtldicljtls kf qul lu fu trhghdahr muitf mhis kf qul lu, ljtîf nfmf é pfssívld qul
ldls chjalm 8.555 vlzls mhis kf qul lu6 Kijalirf suìniljtl phrh qul lu dlvhssl
ditlrhdmljtl klz vikhs phrh `hzlr f qul ldls chjahm lm um hjf.

Jfs trïs hjfs qul hjtlnlklrhm h lsnrith klstl divrf, dlvli phrh nhsh mhis kl \^$
8.755.555/mïs kl dunrf. Nhkh. ^fdtlirf. Mïs. Issf é mhis kf qul h rlmujlrhãîf kfs NLFs
. .
kh @frk, MnKfjhdks, Mftfrfdh l Yhaff. nfmgijhkf. . . tfkf hjf . . . nfmf um chrftf lm slus
vijtl hjfs.
Issf irrith hquldls qul hnrlkithm qul h vikh jîf é ousth. Nfjùjkl futrfs qul jîf pfklm
nfmprlljklr l hnrlkithm qul klvl tlr ahvikf um lrrf. L ijspirh hdcujs sldltfs, qul lstîf
klstijhkfs å crhjklzh.
Lsplrf qul vfnï lstloh jh ÿdtimh nhtlcfrih, pfrqul é phrh issf qul lstfu lsnrlvljkf
issf.
Pfnï pfkl `hzlr issf.
Pfnï sþ prlnish hprljklr nfmf.

L lu vfu tl mfstrhr.
Kisnrlpçjnih kl prlãf phrh vhdfr

—Lsplrf qul f qul vfnï lstè khjkf h ldls vhdah h pljh.”
Lsshs phdhvrhs prfvhvldmljtl mhnaunhrihm h mhifrih, mhs quhjkf mlu phi hs kissl
phrh mim, lu shgih qul ldl jîf ljtljkih f vhdfr qul lstèvhmfs `frjlnljkf. F qul lu qulrf
mfstrhr h vfnï é nfmf nrihr l nfmujinhr vhdfr, thmgém nfjalnikf nfmf —vhdl h pljh” kl
umh f`lrth.
Uhrh ljtljklr nfmf `hzlr umh f`lrth htrhljtl, vfnï klvl ljtljklr f vhdfr. H rhzîf pldh
quhd hs plssfhs nfmprhm quhdqulr nfish é phrh nfjslcuir um hnfrkf. Ldls hnrlkithm qul
f qul lstîf rlnlgljkf (PHDFW) vhdl mhis kf qul f qul lstîf khjkf lm trfnh (UWLÃF). Jf
mfmljtf lm qul f vhdfr qul ldls rlnlglm nhi hghixf kf qul lstîf phchjkf, ldls phrhm kl
nfmprhr kl vfnï. Lssh kisnrlpçjnih kl prlãf phrh vhdfr é f qul vfnï prlnish lvithr h tfkf
nustf.
Hìjhd, nfmf kissl Shrrlj Gu``lt, —Urlãf é f qul vfnï phch. Phdfr é f qul vfnï rlnlgl."
H mhjlirh mhis simpdls kl humljthr h ki`lrljãh ljtrl prlãf l vhdfr é kimijuijkf f

prlãf. É thmgém, jh mhifrih khs vlzls, h klnisîf lrrhkh phrh f jlcþnif.
Dlvhr hs plssfhs h nfmprhr JÎF é f fgoltivf kl um jlcþnif. Chjahr kijalirf é. L
ghixhr f prlãf é um nhmijaf kl mîf ÿjinh phrh h klstruiãîf phrh h mhifrih - vfnï sþ pfkl
klsnlr phrh $ 5, mhs pfkl sugir ijìjithmljtl jh futrh kirlãîf. Ufrthjtf, h mljfs qul vfnï
tljah umh mhjlirh rlvfdunifjèrih kl kimijuir slus nustfs phrh 8/85 lm nfmphrhãîf nfm h
nfjnfrrïjnih, jîf nfjnfrrh lm prlãf.
Nfmf kissl Khj Bljjlky? —Jîf aè jljaum gljl`ínif lstrhtécinf lm slr f slcujkf
mhis ghrhtf kf mlrnhkf, mhs lxistl pfr slr f mhis nhrf.”
Ufrthjtf, f fgoltivf kh jfssh F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm slrè `hzlr nfm qul mhis plssfhs
kichm sim h um prlãf mhis hdtf , humljthjkf jfssf vhdfr phrh h kisnrlpçjnih kl prlãfs.
Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, sþ humljthrlmfs jfssf prlãf klpfis kl humljthrmfs suìniljtlmljtl jfssfs
vhdfr. Klssh `frmh, ldls hijkh nfjslculm um þtimf jlcþnif (pljsl lm nfmprhr $ 855.555 kl
vhdfr pfr $ 85.555). É 'kijalirf nfm klsnfjtf'.
UWL^LJ[L CWH[\I[F J¿ >? [\[FWIHD KL GÛJ\^ L KFSJDFHK^ CWH[\I[F^? Nfgrhr f quï

Phdl h pljh
^l vfnï quislr shglr nfmf lu nrif kisnrlpçjnihs kl vhdfr phrh prfkutfs G7G fu G7N, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/
trhijijc/f``lrs nfursl l hssisth —Nahrcl Saht It's Sfrta” phrh um grlvl tutfrihd lm víklf. Mlu fgoltivf é chjahr
suh nfjìhjãh l ljtrlchr vhdfr hjtlniphkhmljtl.
Nfmf thd, é hgsfduthmljtl crhtuitf. Hprfvlithr.
Ufr qul vfnï klvl nfgrhr thjtf qul kþi H mhifrih kfs
lmprlsèrifs jîf lstè nfmpltijkf lm prlãf fu vhdfr. Jh vlrkhkl, ldls jîf lstîf rlhdmljtl
nfmpltijkf lm jhkh. ^lu prfnlssf kl prlniìnhãîf jfrmhdmljtl é mhis fu mljfs hssim?
8. Ploh f mlrnhkf 7. Ploh f

qul tfkf mujkf f`lrlnl >. @hãh h mékih
;. Pè um pfunf hghixf phrh plrmhjlnlr
—nfmpltitivf”
<. @frjlãh f qul slus nfjnfrrljtls f`lrlnlm nfm —um pfunf mhis”
0. [lrmijl nfm umh prfpfsth kl vhdfr kl —mhis pfr mljfs”
L f crhjkl slcrlkf? fs nfjnfrrljtls qul ldls lstîf nfpihjkf lstîf `hdikfs.

Ljtîf, pfr qul kihgfs nfpiè-dfs6
Urlniìnhr fjkl f mlrnhkf lstè sicjiình qul vfnï lstè prlniìnhjkf h lìniïjnih kf mlrnhkf.
Nfm f tlmpf, lm um mlrnhkf lìniljtl,
lìni ljtl, mhis nfjnfrrljtls ljtrhm f`lrlnljkf —um pfunf mhis
pfr um pfunf mljfs”, hté qul, lvljtuhdmljtl, jijcuém pfkl f`lrlnlr mhis pfr mljfs. Jlssl
pfjtf, um mlrnhkf htijcl h lìniïjnih plr`lith l fs lmprlsèrifs phrtiniphjtls chjahm hpljhs f
suìniljtl jf ìjhd kf mïs phrh nfjtijuhr ùjnifjhjkf. Fs 85% h 75% ij`lrifrls kfs fplrhkfrls
sîf dhvhkfs fu plrklm
h vfjthkl kl duthr. Lm slcuikh, jfvfs lmprlsèrifs ljtrhm slm iklih l rlpltlm f

prfnlssf kl slus hjtlphsshkfs. L hf rlkfr l hf rlkfr ldls vîf.
Lm phdhvrhs simpdls, prlniìnhr klssh mhjlirh sicjiình qul vfnï lstè `frjlnljkf
um slrviãf um pfunf hnimh kf qul nusth phrh vfnï ìnhr hnimh kh ècuh. Jîf lsthmfs
tljthjkf ìnhr um pfunf hnimh kh ècuh. Lsthmfs tljthjkf chjahr quhjtihs hgsurkhs
kl kijalirf qul `hrîf nfm qul slus phrljtls plrcujtlm sl f qul vfnï lstè `hzljkf é dlchd.
Jfvhmljtl, jîf lsthmfs tljthjkf fgtlr f mèximf kl ndiljtls. Lsthmfs tljthjkf
chjahr mhis kijalirf.
Kitf istf, umh vlz qul jîf aè jljaum gljl`ínif lstrhtécinf lm slr f slcujkf
pdhylr nfm prlãf mhis ghixf lm slu mlrnhkf. Ulrmith-ml khr umh grlvl visîf clrhd
kf mftivf pldf quhd vlof fs prlãfs prlmium jîf hpljhs nfmf umh klnisîf kl jlcþnifs
muitf ijtldicljtl, mhs thmgém mfrhd. Hdém kissf, é h ÿjinh lsnfdah qul dal plrmitirè
rlhdmljtl `frjlnlr f mhifr vhdfr, umh pfsiãîf ÿjinh l `frtl jf mlrnhkf. Klixl-ml
hprlsljtè-df hf nindf virtufsf kf prlãf.
Nindf virtufsf kf prlãf
Lu usli lssl `rhmlwfrb jh mhifrih kfs mhtlrihis qul diglrf pfrqul

prlnish slr nfjsistljtlmljtl rl`frãhkh. Hs `frãhs kf mlrnhkf irîf irrithr slu sistlmh kl
nrljãhs. Pfnï klvl plrmhjlnlr `frtl l icjfrè-dfs!
icjfrè-dfs! Hqui lstè h prlmissh gèsinh kl pfr
qul vfnï prlnish nfgrhr um prïmif sl quislr htljklr mldafr slus ndiljtls.
Xuhjkf vfnï kimijui slu prlãf, vfnï . . .

.. . Kimijuh f ijvlstimljtf lmfnifjhd kl slus ndiljtls, pfis jîf dals nustfu muitf
. . . Kimijuh f vhdfr plrnlgikf kl slus ndiljtls kf slu slrviãf, umh vlz qul jîf pfkl
slr tîf gfm sl `fr tîf ghrhtf fu nfm f mlsmf prlãf kl tfkfs fs futrfs
. . . Kimijuh fs rlsudthkfs kfs slus ndiljtls pfrqul ldls jîf vhdfrizhm f slu slrviãf
l jîf sîf ijvlstikfs
. . . Htrhih fs pifrls ndiljtls qul jujnh lstîf shtis`litfs hté qul slu slrviãf sloh
crètis . . . Klstruh quhdqulr mhrclm qul dal rlsth phrh pfklr rlhdmljtl `frjlnlr umh
lxplriïjnih lxnlpnifjhd,
lxnlpnifjhd, nfjtrhthr hs mldafrls plssfhs, ijvlstir lm slu plssfhd, mimhr slus
ndiljtls, ijvlstir lm nrlsnimljtf, ijvlstir lm mhis dfnhis fu mhis lsnhdh l tukf mhis qul vfnï
lsplrhvh f fgoltivf kl houkhr mhis plssfhs h rlsfdvlr quhdqulr prfgdlmh qul vfnï rlsfdvh.
Lm lssïjnih, slu mujkf é umh mlrkh. L phrh pifrhr hs nfishs, slu slrviãf prfvhvldmljtl
é péssimf pfrqul vfnï lstè lsprlmljkf shjcul kh prfvlrgihd plkrh.
Jîf sfgrh kijalirf suìniljtl phrh `hzlr hdcf lxnlpnifjhd. Nfmf rlsudthkf, vfnï sl hdijah nfm
fs lxérnitfs khs lmprlshs mékihs qul nfrrlm phrh f ùjkf. Lu vivi lssh vikh. É tlrrívld. ^l
vfnï hmh slus ndiljtls l slus ùjnifjèrifs, pfr `hvfr, phrl kl trfnè-dfs quhjkf afuvlr umh
mldafr
nhmijaf.
Hqui lstè f ijvlrsf. Issf é f qul hnfjtlnl quhjkf vfnï humljth slus prlãfs.
Xuhjkf vfnï humljth slus prlãfs,
prlãfs, vfnï . . .
. . . Humljtl f ijvlstimljtf lmfnifjhd kfs slus ndiljtls
. . . Humljtl f vhdfr plrnlgikf kf slu slrviãf pldfs slus ndiljtls
. . . Humljtl fs rlsudthkfs kfs slus ndiljtls pfrqul ldls vhdfrizhm f slu slrviãf l
sîf ijvlstikfs
. . . Htrhir fs mldafrls ndiljtls qul sîf fs mhis `ènlis kl shtis`hzlr l qul rlhdmljtl
nusthm mljfs phrh htljklr, l qul sîf fs mhis prfpljsfs h rlnlglr l plrnlglr f vhdfr mhis
rldhtivf
. . . Mudtipdiqul suh mhrclm pfrqul vfnï tlm kijalirf phrh ijvlstir lm sistlmhs phrh
clrhr lìniïjnih2 plssfhs plquljhs2 mldafr lxplriïjnih kf ndiljtl2 kimljsifjhr f slu jlcþnif2
l, f mhis impfrthjtl kl tukf, nfjtijuhr vljkf f jÿmlrf lm suh nfjth ghjnèrih plssfhd sugir,
mïs hpþs mïs, mlsmf nfm rlijvlstimljtf lm slu jlcþnif. Issf plrmitl qul vfnï hprfvlitl f
prfnlssf h dfjcf prhzf l houkhr mhis plssfhs å mlkikh qul vfnï nrlsnl, lm vlz kl sl
lscfthr l murnahr jh fgsnurikhkl.
Uhrh ghdhjãhr hijkh mhis f hrcumljtf lm `hvfr kl prlãfs mhis hdtfs, hqui lstîf
hdcujs nfjnlitfs ijtlrlsshjtls. Xuhjkf vfnï humljth slu prlãf, vfnï humljth f vhdfr
qul f nfjsumikfr rlnlgl slm hdtlrhr mhis jhkh lm slu prfkutf.
Lsplrl f qul6 sim.
Urlãf mhis hdtf sicjiình vhdfr mhis hdtf (ditlrhdmljtl)
Lm um tlstl kl shgfr nlcf, fs plsquishkfrls plkirhm hfs nfjsumikfrls qul
ndhssiìnhsslm trïs vijafs? um vijaf kl ghixf prlãf, um vijaf kl prlãf mékif l um vijaf nhrf.
Hf dfjcf kf lstukf, fs phrtiniphjtls ndhssiìnhrhm fs vijafs nfm fs prlãfs visívlis. Ldls
fs ndhssiìnhrhm, slm surprlsh, lm frklm kl prlãf, nfm f mhis nhrf sljkf f —mldafr”,
f slcujkf mhis nhrf sljkf f —slcujkf mldafr” l h tlrnlirh fpãîf mhis ghrhth sljkf
ndhssiìnhkf nfmf —vijaf ghrhtf”.

F qul fs prfvhkfrls jîf shgihm é qul fs plsquishkfrls dals klrhm lxhthmljtl f
mlsmf vijaf tfkhs hs trïs vlzls. Jf ljthjtf, fs prfvhkfrls rldhthrhm umh crhjkl
kisnrlpçjnih ljtrl f vijaf —hdtf prlãf” l f vijaf —ghrhtf”. Issf tlm impdinhãüls prfùjkhs
phrh h rldhãîf kirlth ljtrl vhdfr l prlãf.
Lm lssïjnih, humljthr slus prlãfs pfkl humljthr kirlthmljtl f vhdfr qul vfnï
`frjlnl. Hdém kissf, quhjtf mhifr f prlãf, mhis htrhtivf slu prfkutf fu slrviãf tlm. Hs
plssfhs qulrlm nfmprhr nfishs nhrhs. Ldls sþ prlnishm kl um mftivf.
L f fgoltivf jîf é hpljhs lsthr um pfunf hnimh kf prlãf kl mlrnhkf „ f fgoltivf é slr
muitf mhis hdtf qul f nfjsumikfr pljsl nfjsicf mlsmf? —Issf é muitf mhis nhrf, klvl
ahvlr hdcf tfthdmljtl ki`lrljtl hnfjtlnljkf hqui”.
É hssim qul vfnï nrih umh nhtlcfrih kl um. Jlssl jfvf mlrnhkf plrnlgikf, vfnï é
um mfjfpþdif l pfkl fgtlr dunrfs kl mfjfpþdif. Lssl é f pfjtf.
\m ÿdtimf pfjtf qul qulrf lj`htizhr? sl vfnï f`lrlnl um slrviãf lm qul um ndiljtl
klvl `hzlr hdcf phrh hdnhjãhr f rlsudthkf
r lsudthkf,, fu rrlsfdvlr
lsfdvlr f prfgdlmh qul vfnï kiz rlsfdvlr,
ldl klvl slr ijvlstikf. Xuhjtf mhis ijvlstikfs, mhifr h prfghgidikhkl kl hdnhjãhr f
rlsudthkf pfsitivf. Ufrthjtf, é
^lcul-sl qul, sl vfnï sl prlfnuph nfm slus ndiljtls, klvl ijvlsti-dfs f mhis aumhjhmljtl
pfssívld. Iklhdmljtl, issf sicjiình prlniìnhr slus slrviãfs fu prfkutfs kl thd `frmh qul
kfh um pfunf quhjkf ldls nfmprhm. Lssh pinhkh `frãhrè l `fnhrè suh htljãîf l slu
ijvlstimljtf lm slu prfkutf fu slrviãf. Xulm phch mhis, prlsth mhis htljãîf. L sl slus
ndiljtls `frlm mhis hklrljtls l slcuirlm hkihjtl, l sl ldls fgtivlrlm mldafrls rlsudthkfs
nfm slu slrviãf kf qul slus nfjnfrrljtls, ljtîf vfnï lsthrè, kl umh mhjlirh muitf rlhd,
`frjlnljkf mhis vhdfr kf qul quhdqulr futrh plssfh. É hssim qul vfnï chjah.
Mhs lu sli qul issf jîf é `ènid, l jîf klvlrih slr. ^lu prfkutf klvl ljtrlchr. Muitfs
klslohm ljnurthr f trhghdaf rlhd. @hãh issf l vfnï irè `hdahr.
Jf mujkf rlhd, phrh tlr hs —cûjhkhs” phrh nfgrhr prlãfs hdtfs, vfnï klvl suplrhr suh
kÿvikh. Pfnï klvl lsthr tîf nfjìhjtl lm suh ljtrlch, pfrqul oè `lz issf thjths vlzls,
qul shgl qul lssh plssfh tlrè sunlssf.

H lxplriïjnih é f qul dal kè h nfjvinãîf kl plkir f shdèrif kl um hjf ijtlirf kl hdcuém
nfmf phchmljtf. Pfnï klvl hnrlkithr tîf prfùjkhmljtl lm suh sfduãîf qul, quhjkf sl
fdah jf lspldaf å jfitl, sfzijaf, suh nfjvinãîf plrmhjlnl ijhghdèvld. Ljtîf klixl-ml
trhzlr lsth slãîf phrh nhsh nfm mijah lxplriïjnih plssfhd.
Mijah lxplriïjnih kl prlãf prlmium

Jf mlu primlirf jlcþnif kl nfjsudtfrih kl jinaf - Cym Dhujna - lu ljsijf hfs
prfpriltèrifs kl hnhklmihs um mfkldf kl jlcþnifs mldafr. Hjtls kl prfkuzir mlus
slrviãfs kl nfjsudtfrih, vfli phrh >> hnhklmihs lm 81 mlsls phrh `hzlr turjhrfujks nfmpdltfs.
Pfèvhmfs, nfjslrtèvhmfs tukf jh hnhklmih l rldhjãèvhmfs lm 78 kihs.
[lríhmfs um humljtf mékif kl \^$ ;7.555 lm vljkhs hkinifjhis lm 78 kihs. Lrh
sldvhclm. Mijah thxh lrh 855% kh rlnlith qul lu trhrih.
Jf jfssf hucl, lstèvhmfs cirhjkf lm tfrjf kl fitf hnhklmihs pfr mïs. Issf
rhpikhmljtl sl tfrjfu um plshkldf dfcístinf. Hpþs f klschstl kl vivlr lm mftéis mïs
hpþs mïs hpþs mïs, pljsli nfmicf mlsmf qul klvl ahvlr umh mhjlirh mldafr kl `hzlr
issf.
\m mïs, ahvih umh hnhklmih phrh h quhd lstèvhmfs prfcrhmhkfs phrh irmfs kl hviîf.
Mhs, lu simpdlsmljtl jîf qulrih `hzlr issf. Ljtîf lu kissl h ldls qul íhmfs nhjnldhr f jfivhkf.
F kfjf kh hnhklmih prhtinhmljtl ml hmlhãfu phrh houkè-df. Ljtîf lu kissl qul irih houkè-df,
mhs ldl tlrih qul `hzlr tfkf f trhghdaf, mhs lu mfstrhrih h ldl nfmf.
Lm trijth kihs, lssh hnhklmih ahvih `litf quhsl \^$ ;;.555 lm jfvhs vljkhs hrrlnhkhkhs
lm kijalirf (;x f mïs hjtlrifr). Hssim qul vi qul mlu prfnlssf pfklrih slr kupdinhkf kl dfjcl,
slm qul lu prlnishssl dlvhr hs plssfhs phrh kljtrf. . .jfssf jlcþnif lxpdfkiu. Lu ahvih
ljnfjtrhkf f ldf plrkikf pfrqul mijah hcljkh kl vihcljs jîf lrh mhis umh rlstriãîf. Uhsshmfs
h vljklr mhis kl ;.555 hnhklmihs jfs prþximfs hjfs (l nfjthjkf) ushjkf um mfkldf `litf nfm
vfnï lm vlz kl um mfkldf `litf phrh vfnï . Mhs. . .vfdthr hfs prlãfs prlmium.
Xuhjkf ljtrli jf mlrnhkf, nfjnfrrljtls kl ghixf prlãf f`lrlnihm mhrbltijc kl slrviãf

nfmpdltf pfr \^$ <55 pfr mïs, nfm um ÿjinf nfjnfrrljtl kl hdtf prlãf nfgrhjkf \^$ <.555 pfr
slu prfkutf.
Lu qulrih slr f díklr kl prlãfs prlmium. Lu qulrih slr tîf nhrf qul nrihssl `hsníjif lm
tfrjf kf qul lstèvhmfs `hzljkf. Ljtîf, nalchmfs h trïs vlzls f ofchkfr nfm prlãf mhis hdtf l
>7 vlzls mhis kf qul fs ofchkfrls nfm prlãf mhis ghixf. \m prlãf kl \^ $ 80.555 phrh um
ijtljsivf kl 80 slmhjhs. Lm slcuikh, vljklmfs ><% klsshs plssfhs lm um nfjtrhtf kl trïs
hjfs, jf vhdfr kl \^$ ;7.555/hjf, phrh houkè-dhs h lxphjkir suhs hnhklmihs.
Uhrh nfjtlxtuhdizhr? f prfpriltèrif mékif kl umh hnhklmih chjah \^$ ><.715/hjf lm dunrfs
phrh nhsh. ^l lssh `fr h mékih, sicjiình qul mlthkl chjah hijkh mljfs qul issf. Ljtîf, phrh
muitfs kldls, ldls lsthvhm sl nfmprfmltljkf nfm mlthkl kl slu shdèrif hjuhd fu mhis phrh
nfmprhr jfssf prfcrhmh. L lu lsthvh vljkljkf issf phrh afmljs hkudtfs quhjkf nrihjãh jh
nhsh kfs vijtl, kizljkf h ldls qul irih houkè-dfs h chjahr mhis kijalirf. Issf `fi pfssívld pfrqul
mijah nfjvinãîf lrh mhis `frtl kf qul f nltinismf kldls. Xuîf6
Nfm ghsl lm umh plsquish vfdujtèrih rlhdizhkh lm jfssf ÿdtimf lvljtf ùdd nfmphjy, nfm
8<1 hnhklmihs rlspfjkljkf, klsnfgrimfs qul umh hnhklmih Cym Dhujna qul lstlvl lm jfssf
prfcrhmh pfr 88 mlsls lxplrimljthrè hs slcuijtls mldafrihs mékihs?
Nrlsnimljtf kh rlnlith kh rlnlith? +$ 89.9>7/mïs (+$ 7>9.555/hjf)
Nrlsnimljtf rlnfrrljtl kh rlnlith? +$ 8>.>>9/mïs (+$ 805.501/hjf)

Nrlsnimljtf kf rlsudthkf ìjhd (dunrf)? kl \^$ 7.9;>/mïs h \^$ 1.9;5/
mïs (>,8x!)
Nrlsnimljtf kf ndiljtl? +03
Naurj (% kl ndiljtls qul shlm h nhkh mïs)? Kl 85,3% h 0,1% Pljkhs jf

vhrlof? +$ ;.;55/mïs lm rlnlith kl vljkhs kl prfkutfs jf vhrlof Urlãfs? Kl
\^$ 879/mïs h \^$ 803/mïs
H plsquish hpljhs prfvfu f qul lu oè shgih. Lu tijah tfthd nfjvinãîf lm jfssf prfkutf.
Lu shgih qul ùjnifjhvh. Lu tijah suplrhkf mijah kÿvikh.

Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
F qul vfnï klvl tirhr kissf6

Lm primlirf duchr, nfgrhr um prïmif. Issf plrmitirè qul vfnï `hãh nfishs qul jijcuém
mhis pfkl `hzlr phrh tfrjhr slus ndiljtls glm-sunlkikfs.
glm-sunlkikfs. Nfjslcuimfs nfgrhr um prïmif
pfrqul `frjlníhmfs mhis vhdfr kf qul quhdqulr futrh lmprlsh kf sltfr.
Kl umh `frmh rlhd, lstèvhmfs nfgrhjkf umh `rhãîf kf qul jfssfs ndiljtls chjahvhm
ushjkf jfssf sistlmh. Issf é impfrthjtl. Jfssfs ndiljtls hijkh nfjslcuirhm um hnfrkf. H
ki`lrljãh ljtrl f qul ldls phchvhm (prlãf) l f qul rlnlgihm (vhdfr) lrh ljfrml. Nfmf
rlsudthkf, f nindf virtufsf nfjtijufu h cirhr. Nfgrhmfs mhis kijalirf.
Jþs `frjlnlmfs f mhifr vhdfr.
Jfsshs hnhklmihs nfjtijuhrhm sljkf hs mhis nfmpltitivhs, hs qul mhis dunrhrhm,
slmprl tivlrhm fs mldafrls l mhis rlnljtls sistlmhs kl hquisiãîf l tivlrhm f supfrtl phrh
impdlmljtè-dhs
impdlmljtè-dhs jh vldfnikhkl kh duz.
Nfmltlmfs muitfs lrrfs hf dfjcf kf nhmijaf, mhs jfssf mfkldf kl prlniìnhãîf jîf
`fi um kldls. Issf ml plrmitiu `hzlr crhjkls hpfsths slm plrklr h `hzljkh. H vlrkhkl é
qul 99% khs lmprlshs prlnishm humljthr slus prlãfs phrh nrlsnlr, jîf hghixè-dfs. F
dunrf é fxicïjif. Hdimljth f `fcf kf nrlsnimljtf. Pfnï prlnish kissf sl quislr hdnhjãhr
mhis plssfhs l nhushr um imphntf mhifr.
Uhrh nfgrhr thjtf, pfrém, vfnï klvl hprljklr h nrihr trlmljkhs
vhdfr. Phmfs dè lm slcuikh.
^LÃÎF III? PHDFW - NWIL ^L\
F@LW[H
NFMF @H_LW F@LW[H^ [ÎF GFH^ X\L H^ UL^^FH^ ^L ÎJ[HM L^[ßUIKH^
KI_LW JÎF
F@LW[H KL PHDFW? H LX\HÃÎF KL PHDFW
—Xulstifjhmfs tfkhs hs jfsshs nrljãhs, lxnltf hquldhs lm qul rlhdmljtl hnrlkithmfs l hquldhs
qul jujnh pljshmfs lm qulstifjhr.”
‛ NHW[ÎF FW^FJ ^NF[[
lu qulrf slr glm ndhrf? f fgoltivf klvl slr nfgrhr f mèximf

kijalirf phrh slus prfkutfs fu slrviãfs tîf aumhjhmljtl pfssívld. Lstfu `hdhjkf kl
quhjtihs alkifjkhs kl kijalirf. Kitf istf, quhdqulr um pfkl humljthr slus prlãfs, mhs
hpljhs hdcujs sldlnifjhkfs pfklm nfgrhr lsshs thxhs l `hzlr nfm qul hs plssfhs kichm sim.
Klstl pfjtf lm kihjtl, vfnï klvl hghjkfjhr quhdqulr jfãîf qul tljah sfgrl —f qul é
oustf”. [fkhs hs crhjkls

crhjkls lmprlshs kf mujkf
mujkf nfgrhm kijalirf ppfr
fr nfishs qul jîf nusthm
jhkh. Nusth nljthvfs phrh h nfmphjaih tldl`ûjinh hkinifjhr um usuèrif hkinifjhd, lxnltf qul
ldls jîf sl impfrthm lm nfgrhr nljtljhs pfr mïs pldf hnlssf. Nusth nljthvfs phrh `hgrinhr
mlkinhmljtfs, mhs ldls jîf sl impfrthm lm nfgrhr nljtljhs kl kþdhrls pfr mïs pfr issf.
Hs lmprlshs kl míkih nfgrhm kfs hjujnihjtls um rlschtl kl rli pfr slus fdafs, l nusth
quhsl jhkh phrh qul vfnï cfstl kl `ftfs kl chtijafs jhs míkihs sfnihis. Pfnï prlnish tlr
umh crhjkl kisnrlpçjnih ljtrl f qul hdcf dal nusth l f qul vfnï nfgrh pfr issf. É h ÿjinh
mhjlirh kl slr irrhnifjhdmljtl glm sunlkikf.
Muitfs lmprlsèrifs hnrlkithm qul nfgrhr —klmhis” é ruim. H rlhdikhkl é

qul, sim, vfnï jujnh klvl nfgrhr mhis kf qul f vhdfr kf slu prfkutf. Mhs
vfnï klvl nfgrhr muitf mhis pfr slus prfkutfs l slrviãfs kf qul fs nustfs
phrh htljkï-dfs. Uljsl hté nlm vlzls mhis, jîf hpljhs kuhs fu trïs vlzls
mhis. L sl vfnï `frjlnlr vhdfr suìniljtl, hijkh klvl slr slmprl um rfugf
phrh f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd. Lssl é f pfklr kf vhdfr. Ldl diglrh prlãfs idimithkfs
l pfklr kl dunrf phrh lsnhdhr suh lmprlsh.
Ufr lxlmpdf, um kfs mlus ndiljtls phrtinudhrls (lm nuoh lmprlsh tljaf
phrtiniphãîf) lstè jf lsphãf kh `ftfcrhìh. Hf dfjcf kl kfis hjfs, impdlmljthjkf
hs tètinhs klsnriths jlstl divrf, f prfpriltèrif nfjslcuiu humljthr f tinblt mékif
kl \^$ >55 phrh \^$ 8.<55. Issf é um humljtf kl <x (suspirf). Hijkh mhis
dlchd, ldls hcfrh chsthm mljfs tlmpf pfr ndiljtl l tïm mhifr shtis`hãîf kf
ndiljtl. F humljtf kl <x jf tinblt mékif, >1x f dunrf kf jlcþnif. Uhssfu kl $

8.555/slmhjh kl dunrf phrh $ >1.555/slmhjh kl dunrf l nfjtijuh h nrlsnlr.
Nfmf rlsudthkf, h lmprlsh ìjhdmljtl nfjslcuiu nfjtijuhr h lsnhdhr phrh vèrifs
dfnhis l `frjlnlr um trhghdaf sicjiìnhtivf phrh þtimfs ùjnifjèrifs. L um
gljl`ínif kivlrtikf, puklmfs kfhr hijkh mhis kijalirf phrh ijstituiãüls kl
nhrikhkl phrh nrihjãhs, hdcf qul f prfpriltèrif l lu tlmfs lm nfmum (quhsl
\^$ <55.555 jf mfmljtf kh rlkhãîf klstl hrticf). Mhs jhkh kissf tlrih sikf
pfssívld slm klsnfgrir f qul hs plssfhs mhis vhdfrizhvhm, tripdinhjkf issf l
ldimijhjkf impilkfshmljtl tfkf f rlstf. \m humljtf kl prlãf kl <x pfkl
phrlnlr dfunurh phrh vfnï, mhs fs ndiljtls vfthrhm nfm slus kþdhrls qul f qul
h lmprlsh f`lrlnl hcfrh é muitf mldafr kf qul f qul `hzih hjtls. H qulgrh kl
vhdfr hgrl f mujkf kl dunrfs, imphntfs l pfssigidikhkls idimithkfs.
Hquldls qul ljtljklm vhdfr sîf hquldls qul pfklrîf nfgrhr mhis kijalirf
pfr slus slrviãfs. H gfh jftínih é qul lxistl umh `þrmudh rlpltívld qul nrili
(jujnh vi lm jljaum futrf duchr) phrh houkhr h quhjtiìnhr hs vhrièvlis qul
nrihm vhdfr phrh quhdqulr f`lrth. Lu nahmf issf kl Lquhãîf kl Phdfr. \mh vlz
qul vfnï vï, vfnï jujnh pfkl klsvlr. Ldl ùjnifjhrè lm slu
sugnfjsniljtl, nfrrljkf lm slcujkf pdhjf, nahmhjkf pfr vfnï. É umh jfvh dljtl
htrhvés kh quhd sl vï f mujkf.
H lquhãîf kl vhdfr
UWL^LJ[L CWH[\I[F #;? [utfrihd kl gûjus kl lquhãîf kl vhdfr l kfwjdfhk(s) crhtuitf(s)?

^l vfnï quislr shglr nfmf lu klsmlmgrf umh f`lrth prijniphd kl jlcþnifs lm hdcf mhis vhdifsf,
hnlsslquisitifj.nfm/f``lrs l sldlnifjl f víklf —Lquhãîf kl Phdfr” phrh hssistir h um grlvl tutfrihd. Lu
thmgém ijnduí umh disth kl vlriìnhãîf phrh kfwjdfhk. Mlu fgoltivf é chjahr suh nfjìhjãh l ljtrlchr
vhdfr hjtlniphkhmljtl. Nfmf thd, é hgsfduthmljtl crhtuitf. Hprfvlithr.
Nfmf vfnï pfkl vlr jh imhclm, lxistlm quhtrf `htfrls prijniphis kl vhdfr.
Kfis kfs krivlrs (lm nimh), vfnï prfnurhrè humljthr. Fs futrfs kfis (jh phrtl kl
ghixf), vfnï prfnurhrè kimijuir.
8. (Yhy) F rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs (fgoltivf? humljthr)

7. (Yhy) Urfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf (Fgoltivf? Humljtf)
>. (Gff) Htrhsf kl tlmpf
t lmpf plrnlgikf ljtrl f ijínif l h nfjquisth (fgoltivf?
rlkuãîf)
;. (Gff) Ulrnlpãîf kl Ls`frãf l ^hnri`ínif (Fgoltivf? Kimijuir)
^l vfnï jftfu hs plrcujths jh ÿdtimh slãîf qul mlu phi ml `lz,

vfnï vlrè qul ldls nfrrlspfjklrhm h lssls pidhrls?
F qul lu vfu `hzlr6 (Wlsudthkf kf ^fjaf)
Nfmf vfu shglr qul vhi hnfjtlnlr6 (Urfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf)
Xuhjtf tlmpf vhi klmfrhr6 (Htrhsf kl tlmpf)
F qul é lsplrhkf kl mim6 (Ls`frãf l ^hnri`ínif)
Fgtlr f ùjkf h zlrf
Jf ijínif kh mijah nhrrlirh, nfjnljtrli tfkh h mijah htljãîf jfs rlsudthkfs kfs sfjafs l
jh plrnlpãîf kl rlhdizhãîf (prfvh sfnihd, lkiìnhãîf kl tlrnlirfs, ltn). Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, f dhkf
suplrifr kh lquhãîf. É hí qul fs prfìssifjhis kl mhrbltijc ijinihjtls `hzlm rlivijkinhãüls nhkh
vlz mhifrls. É `ènid, l é prlcuiãfsf.
Mhs, nfm f phsshr kf tlmpf, plrnlgi qul lsshs hìrmhãüls crhjkifshs sîf hs mhis `ènlis
kl lsthgldlnlr (l, pfrthjtf, mljfs lxndusivhs). Hìjhd, quhdqulr um pfkl `hzlr umh prfmlssh.
Fs mhis ki`ínlis l nfmpltitivfs sîf f [iml Kldhy l L``frt & ^hnriìnl. Hs mldafrls lmprlshs kf
mujkf nfjnljtrhm tfkh h suh htljãîf jf dhkf ij`lrifr kh lquhãîf. [frjhjkf hs nfishs imlkihths,
plr`liths l slm ls`frãf. H Hppdl tfrjfu f iUafjl slm ls`frãf lm nfmphrhãîf nfm futrfs
tldl`fjls kh épfnh. H Hmhzfj `lz h nfmprh nfm um ÿjinf ndiqul kl um gftîf l hs nfmprhs
nalchrhm quhsl imlkihthmljtl (thdvlz quhjkf vfnï dlr issf, ldls lstlohm ljvihjkf krfjls phrh
jfsshs pfrths lm 05 mijutfs). H Jlt`dix tfrjfu f nfjsumf kl tldlvisîf imlkihtf l slm ls`frãf.
Ljtîf, quhjtf mhis vldaf ìnf, mhis mukli mlu `fnf phrh —hs nfishs ki`ínlis” „ kimijuijkf f dhkf
ij`lrifr kh lquhãîf. L hnrlkitf qul quhjtf mldafr vfnï ìzlr issf, mhis vfnï slrè rlnfmpljshkf
pldf mlrnhkf.
Jfth ìjhd? H rhzîf pldh quhd lsth é umh lquhãîf kl kivisîf l jîf umh hkiãîf (—+”) é qul lu
qulrih trhjsmitir um pfjtf-nahvl. ^l vfnï puklr `hzlr h phrtl ij`lrifr kh lquhãîf icuhd h zlrf,
vfnï é furf. Jîf impfrth quîf plquljf sloh f dhkf suplrifr, quhdqulr nfish kivikikh pfr zlrf é
icuhd h ijìjitf (f qul é tlnjinhmljtl ijklìjikf phrh fs jlrks kh mhtlmètinh). Lm futrhs phdhvrhs,
sl vfnï pfkl rlkuzir f tlmpf rlhd kl htrhsf kl slus ndiljtls pftljnihis phrh rlnlglr vhdfr phrh
zlrf (fu sloh, vfnï plrnlgl qul slu
rlsudthkf imlkihtf kf sfjaf), l slu ls`frãf l shnri`ínif sîf zlrf, vfnï tlm um prfkutf
ijìjithmljtl vhdifsf. ^l vfnï nfjslcuir issf, vfnï chjah f ofcf.
Khkf lssl pfstudhkf, um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd (lm tlfrih) nfmprhrih hdcf kl vfnï
l, jf mfmljtf lm qul slu nhrtîf kl nrékitf `fssl lxlnuthkf, issf sl tfrjhrih
imlkihthmljtl suh rlhdikhkl. Issf é vhdfr ijìjitf.
Imhcijl ndinhr jf gftîf kl nfmprh kl um prfkutf phrh plrkh kl plsf l vlr
ijsthjthjlhmljtl slu lstûmhcf sl trhjs`frmhr lm um phnftl kl slis. Fu imhcijl
nfjtrhthr umh lmprlsh kl mhrbltijc l, hssim qul vfnï hssijhr slu kfnumljtf, slu
tldl`fjl nfmlãhrè h tfnhr nfm jfvfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd hdthmljtl quhdiìnhkfs. Xuhd
slrih f vhdfr klssls prfkutfs/slrviãfs6 Ijìjithmljtl vhdifsf. L lssl é f pfjtf.
Jîf sli sl jþs, lmprlljklkfrls, nalchrlmfs dè, mhs lssl é f dimitl aipftétinf
pldf quhd tfkfs klvlmfs jfs ls`frãhr l pfr qul lstruturli h lquhãîf klssh mhjlirh.
Ulrnlpãîf é Wlhdikhkl
Ulrnlpãîf é rlhdikhkl. Jîf sl trhth kl quhjtf vfnï humljth h prfghgidikhkl kl
sunlssf kf slu ndiljtl pftljnihd, fu kimijui f tlmpf kl htrhsf phrh h rlhdizhãîf, fu
kimijui slu ls`frãf l shnri`ínif. Issf lm si jîf é vhdifsf. Muiths vlzls, ldls jîf tlrîf
ikéih. H f`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm sþ sl tfrjh vhdifsh quhjkf f prfsplnt plrnlgl f humljtf
kh prfghgidikhkl kl rlhdizhãîf, plrnlgl h kimijuiãîf kf htrhsf jf tlmpf l plrnlgl h
kimijuiãîf kf ls`frãf
l shnri`ínif.
\m lxnldljtl lxlmpdf kissf hnfjtlnlu jf sistlmh kl tÿjlis kl Dfjkrls. F mhifr
humljtf jh shtis`hãîf kf phsshclirf (thmgém nfjalnikf nfmf vhdfr) jujnh `fi kl
trljs mhis rèpikfs phrh kimijuir fs tlmpfs kl lsplrh. Lm vlz kissf, lrh kl um simpdls
mhph pfjtidahkf qul mfstrhvh quhjkf f prþximf trlm lsthvh nalchjkf l quhjtf
tlmpf ldls tlrihm qul lsplrhr. F mhph pfjtidahkf, qul nustfu hpljhs hdcujs midaüls
kl kþdhrls, kimijuiu h plrnlpãîf kfs phsshclirfs kl htrhsf l shnri`ínif (lsthr ljtlkihkf
lsplrhjkf) mhis kf qul rlhdmljtl tfrjhr fs trljs mhis rèpikfs (f qul nusth gidaüls kl kþdhrls).
Issf jîf é dlchd6 É hssim qul prlnishmfs pljshr sfgrl jfssfs prfkutfs.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? sfduãüls dþcinhs vlrsus

psinfdþcinhs H mhifrih khs plssfhs jhturhdmljtl tljth rlsfdvlr prfgdlmhs ushjkf sfduãüls
dþcinhs . Mhs hs sfduãüls dþcinhs clrhdmljtl `frhm tljthkhs... pfrqul sîf dþcinhs (é f qul tfkfs
tljthrihm `hzlr).
Nfmf lmprlsèrif l lmprlljklkfr, hgfrkf nhkh vlz mhis fs prfgdlmhs phrh ljnfjtrhr sfduãüls
psinfdþcinhs , lm vlz kl dþcinhs . Ufrqul sl afuvlssl umh sfduãîf dþcinh, prfvhvldmljtl oè tlrih sikf
rlsfdvikh, ldimijhjkf hssim f prfgdlmh. [ukf f qul rlsth sîf fs prfgdlmhs psinfdþcinfs .
Lxlmpdfs ijspirhkfs lm Wfry ûtalrdhjk, NMF kh Fcidvy Hkvlrtisijc?
—Xuhdqulr tfdf pfkl vljklr um prfkutf f`lrlnljkf-f nfm klsnfjtf, é prlnisf muitf mhrbltijc
phrh vljklr f mlsmf prfkutf pfr um prïmif”
^fduãîf dþcinh? tfrjhr fs trljs mhis rèpikfs phrh humljthr h shtis`hãîf

^fduãîf psinfdþcinh? kimijuh h kfr kh lsplrh hkinifjhjkf um mhph pfjtidahkf ^fduãîf
psinfdþcinh? phcul mfkldfs phrh slrlm hs hjìtriîs kh vihclm (hs plssfhs cfsthrihm qul
klmfrhssl mhis phrh nalchr hf slu klstijf!)
^fduãîf dþcinh? tfrjhr f ldlvhkfr mhis
rèpikf ^fduãîf psinfdþcinh ? hkinifjhr lspldafs kf naîf hf tltf phrh qul hs plssfhs sl kistrhihm
fdahjkf phrh si mlsmhs l lsqulãhm quhjtf tlmpf ìnhrhm jf ldlvhkfr
hs plssfhs qulrlm mhis.
Muiths vlzls, h mhifrih khs sfduãüls dþcinhs `frhm tljthkhs l `hdahrhm. Jlstl pfjtf kh aistþrih,
klvlmfs khr umh nahjnl ås sfduãüls psinfdþcinhs phrh rlsfdvlr fs prfgdlmhs.
Hssim, nfmf lmprlsèrifs, nhgl h jþs nfmujinhr lssls clrhkfrls kl vhdfr

nfm ndhrlzh phrh humljthr h plrnlpãîf kf ndiljtl pftljnihd sfgrl lsshs rlhdikhkls.
H mlkikh lm qul vfnï rlspfjkl h lsshs plrcujths jh mljtl kf slu ndiljtl lm
pftljnihd kltlrmijhrè f vhdfr qul vfnï lstè nrihjkf. ^þ ljtîf slrlmfs rlhdmljtl
nhphzls kl plrnlglr f vhdfr rlhd kl jfssf prfkutf phrh f mlrnhkf l, pfr
lxtljsîf, fs prlãfs lxfrgithjtls qul qulrlmfs nfgrhr.
É ki`ínid slphrhr fs quhtrf krivlrs kl vhdfr kf futrf, pfis h mhifrih kfs vlínudfs nfmgijh
muitfs klssls ldlmljtfs, mhs `hrli f mlu mldafr phrh isfdhr l lxpdinhr ndhrhmljtl nhkh um
hghixf.
Wlsudthkf kf sfjaf j¿ 8 (fgoltivf = humljtf)
Hs plssfhs tïm klslofs prfùjkfs l imutèvlis. É pfr issf qul fs nhshmljtfs sîf plrkikfs,
hs culrrhs sîf trhvhkhs l hs plssfhs mfrrlrîf kl gfm crhkf. Jfssf fgoltivf jîf é nrihr klslof.
É simpdlsmljtl nhjhdizhr lssl klslof htrhvés kf jfssf vlínudf kl f`lrth l mfjltizhãîf.
F rlsudthkf kf sfjaf é h lxprlssîf kfs sljtimljtfs l lxplriïjnihs qul f prfsplnt imhcijfu

lm suh mljtl. É h dhnujh ljtrl suh rlhdikhkl htuhd l slus sfjafs. Jfssf fgoltivf é rltrhthr nfm
prlnisîf lssl sfjaf kl vfdth phrh ldls, phrh qul ldls sl sijthm nfmprlljkikfs l lxpdinhr nfmf
jfssf vlínudf fs dlvhrè hté dè.
F rlsudthkf kf sfjaf é simpdls2 é f —nalchr dè” fjkl f vhdfr

humljth fu kimijui.
Hs plssfhs lm clrhd, l jfssfs ndiljtls lsplniìnhmljtl, qulrlm?
. . . Uhrh slr plrnlgikf nfmf gfjitf. . .

Uhrh slr rlsplithkf. . . Uhrh slr
plrnlgikf nfmf pfklrfsf. . . ^lr hmhkf
. . . Uhrh humljthr slu sthtus
Lstls sîf tfkfs krivlrs pfklrfsfs.

Mhs vèrifs vlínudfs pfklm rlhdizhr h mlsmh nfish. Ulcul f klslof kl —slr plrnlgikf
nfmf gfjitf” pfr lxlmpdf, hqui lstîf muiths nfishs qul
tfqul jlstl klslof?
Mhquihclm
Nrlmls/sérujs hjtiljvldalnimljtf
ûpdlmljtfs
Nijth mfkldhkfrh
Nirurcih pdèstinh
Cijèstinh
ö [fkfs lssls vlínudfs nhjhdizhm f klslof kl slrlm plrnlgikfs nfmf gfjitfs.
L sl klsnfmphnthrmfs hijkh mhis h iklih kl um klslof kl slr gfjitf, vlrlmfs qul pfkl slr
umh klndhrhãîf suplrìnihd kl um klslof mhis prfùjkf kl hdnhjãhr um sthtus mhis hdtf lm slu
crupf sfnihd.
F krivlr kl vhdfr kf rlsudthkf kf sfjaf é ushkf nfm mhis klsthqul hf nfmphrhr f vhdfr rldhtivf
ljtrl kfis klslofs ki`lrljtls sljkf shtis`litfs.
Lm clrhd, f rlsudthkf kf sfjaf qul mhis kirlthmljtl humljth f sthtus kl um prfsplnt slrè hquldl
qul ldl mhis vhdfrizh. Nfmf thd, um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd pfkl vhdfrizhr hquldh nhtlcfrih ijtlirh kl
vlínudfs qul shtis`hãhm um klslof mhis kf qul futrh nhtlcfrih qul shtis`hãh um klslof ki`lrljtl.
Uhrh muitfs afmljs, chjahr kijalirf é mhis impfrthjtl kf qul slr gfjitf. Ufr quï6 Ufrqul f
kijalirf impudsifjh f sthtus phrh fs afmljs mhis kf qul slr gfjitf. Ufrthjtf, lm clrhd, ldls
vhdfrizhm mhis tfkhs hs f`lrths qul dals kîf kijalirf kf qul hs qul fs houkhm h tlr umh gfh
hphrïjnih.
Nlrth vlz, fuvi Wussldd Grujsfj nfjthr umh aistþrih sfgrl lssl nfjnlitf. Ldl lxpdinfu nfmf
suh lspfsh, Nfddlttl, hf fuvir pldh primlirh vlz sfgrl lssl nfjnlitf kl sthtus, f rlolitfu. Ldh hdlcfu
qul jîf lrh mfvikh pfr sthtus l jujnh irih qulrlr kiricir um Dhmgfrcaiji. Lm vlz kissf, ldh prl`lriu
suh mijivhj. Mhs, klpfis kl `hdhr mhis, ldh rlvldfu qul lrh pfrqul kiricir um Dhmgfrcaiji kimijuirih
slu sthtus ljtrl suhs hmichs mîls, ljquhjtf kiricir umh mijivhj mfstrhrih qul ldh lrh umh gfh
mîl (humljtf kl sthtus). Ufrthjtf, jîf é sfgrl f kijalirf, é sfgrl f sthtus (f humljtf fu
kimijuiãîf plrnlgikf jh pfsiãîf rldhtivh quhjkf nfmphrhkf h futrfs sfnihdmljtl fu
prfìssifjhdmljtl). @hdl lm tlrmfs kl nfishs qul slu ndiljtl lm pftljnihd hnrlkith qul humljthrè
slu sthtus, l vfnï tlrè slus ndiljtls lm pftljnihd ghghjkf.

Kinh prfìssifjhd? gljl`ínifs kf quhkrf lm tlrmfs kl sthtus fgtikf kf pfjtf kl visth kfs futrfs
Hf lsnrlvlr umh nþpih, vfnï pfkl tfrjè-dh muitf mhis pfklrfsh `hdhjkf sfgrl nfmf futrhs
plssfhs plrnlglrîf h nfjquisth kf ndiljtl lm pftljnihd. Dicul fs pfjtfs phrh ldls.
Lxlmpdf? ^l vfnï nfmprhr lstl thnf kl cfd`l, slu krivl humljthrè lm ;5 ohrkhs. Fs qulixfs kl
slus hmicfs kl cfd`l vîf nhir quhjkf virlm suh gfdh phsshr ;5 ohrkhs hdém kh kldls. . . ldls
plrcujthr
vîf
f qul mukfu. . . sþ vfnï shglrè.
Kitf istf, hf nfmphrhr kfis prfkutfs fu slrviãfs qul shtis`hãhm f mlsmf

klslof, f vhdfr kfs rlsudthkfs kf sfjaf sl hjudhrè (umh vlz qul ldls sîf fs
mlsmfs). ^lrîf hs futrhs trïs vhrièvlis qul kltlrmijhm h ki`lrljãh jf vhdfr
plrnlgikf l, ìjhdmljtl, jf prlãf. Ufr lxlmpdf, sl tlmfs kfis prfkutfs fu slrviãfs
qul houkhm h tfrjhr hdcuém gfjitf, slrè h prfghgidikhkl kl rlhdizhãîf, f htrhsf l
f ls`frãf jlnlssèrif qul ki`lrljnihrîf f vhdfr plrnlgikf kl nhkh f`lrth.
împdiìnhjkf? sl kuhs nfishs tfrjhm hdcuém gfjitf, f qul `hz umh vhdlr $
<5.555 l futrh $ <6 Wlspfsth? H lxtljsîf khs futrhs trïs vhrièvlis kl vhdfr.
#7 Urfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf (Mlth = Humljtf)

Lsth `fi h ÿdtimh khs vhrièvlis qul hkinifjli hf tljthr pljshr jlsth lstruturh aè
hdcujs hjfs. Lu hpljhs sljti nfmf sl hdcf lstivlssl `hdthjkf hpljhs nfm fs
futrfs trïs.
Ljtîf plrnlgi qul hs plssfhs phchm pldh nlrtlzh. Ldls vhdfrizhm h nlrtlzh.
Lu nahmf issf kl —h prfghgidikhkl plrnlgik
plrnlgikh
h kl rlhdizhãîf”. Lm futrhs phdhvrhs,
—Xuhd h prfghgidikhkl kl lu hnrlkithr qul hdnhjãhrli f rlsudthkf qul prfnurf sl
ìzlr lsth nfmprh6”
Ufr lxlmpdf, quhjtf vfnï phchrih phrh slr um nirurciîf pdèstinf
85.555¿ phniljtl vlrsus f primlirf6
^l vfnï é umh plssfh jfrmhd l sî, muitf mhis. Xulrf kizlr, vfnï pfkl hté
plkir qul ldls phculm sl vfnï `fr f primlirf phniljtl kldls.
Ljtîf vfnï pfkl vlr hté mlsmf jlstl lxlmpdf simpdls qul ljquhjtf f slrviãf
qul vfnï lstè rlnlgljkf é tlnjinhmljtl f mlsmf, h ÿjinh nfish qul mukh é
suh prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl nfjslcuir f qul klsloh.

Hmgfs fs nirurciüls dlvhm h mlsmh quhjtikhkl kl tlmpf phrh `hzlr h nirurcih (sl
hdcumh nfish, f nhrh qul `lz issf 85.555 vlzls prfvhvldmljtl `hrih mhis rèpikf l hijkh
nfgrhrih mhis). F nirurciîf mhis lxplriljtl tlm um aistþrinf kl fgtljãîf kl um rlsudthkf, f
qul ijnljtivh suh nfjvljiïjnih.
Hs plssfhs vhdfrizhm lssh prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf. Humljthr h nfjvinãîf
kl um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd kl qul suh f`lrth —rlhdmljtl” ùjnifjhrè phrh ldls, tfrjhrè suh
f`lrth muitf mhis vhdifsh, mlsmf qul f trhghdaf plrmhjlãh f mlsmf kf slu dhkf. Ufrthjtf,
phrh humljthr f vhdfr kl tfkhs hs f`lrths, klvlmfs nfmujinhr h prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl
rlhdizhãîf pfr mlif kl jfsshs mljshclj
mljshcljs,
s, prfvhs, f qul lsnfdalmfs ijnduir fu lxnduir lm
jfssh f`lrth l jfsshs chrhjtihs (mhis sfgrl issf pfstlrifrmljtl).
#> Htrhsf kl tlmpf (fgoltivf = kimijuiãîf)

F htrhsf kl tlmpf é f tlmpf ljtrl h nfmprh kl um ndiljtl l f rlnlgimljtf kf gljl`ínif
prfmltikf. Xuhjtf mljfr h kistçjnih ljtrl quhjkf ldls nfmprhm l rlnlglm vhdfr/rlsudthkf,
mhis vhdifsfs sîf slus slrviãfs fu prfkutfs.
Lxistlm kfis ldlmljtfs phrh lssl krivlr kl vhdfr? rlsudthkf kl dfjcf prhzf l lxplriïjnih
kl nurtf prhzf. Muiths vlzls, aè lxplriïjnihs kl nurtf prhzf qul fnfrrlm jf nhmijaf phrh
fs rlsudthkfs kl dfjcf prhzf. Ldls hnfjtlnlm —hf dfjcf kf nhmijaf” l `frjlnlm vhdfr.
É gfm ljtljklr fs kfis. F qul hs plssfhs nfmprhm é f vhdfr h dfjcf prhzf, thmgém
nfjalnikf nfmf f —rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs”. Mhs f qul fs `hz ìnhr tlmpf suìniljtl phrh fgtï-
df é h lxplriïjnih kl nurtf prhzf. Lssls sîf plquljfs mhrnfs qul um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd
vï hf dfjcf kf nhmijaf qul mfstrh qul ldls lstîf jf nhmijaf nlrtf. [ljthmfs vijnudhr f
mèximf pfssívld h quhdqulr slrviãf qul f`lrlnlmfs. Xulrlmfs
Xulrlmfs qul fs ndiljtls tljahm umh
crhjkl vitþrih lmfnifjhd nlkf (f mhis prþximf pfssívld kl suh nfmprh). Issf dals kè h
hklsîf lmfnifjhd
lmfnifjhd l f impudsf phrh —vlr tukf” hté slu fgoltivf ìjhd.
Ufr lxlmpdf, dlvh um tlmpf phrh hkinifjhr $ 7>9.555 lxtrhs pfr hjf h umh
hnhklmih. Mhs é issf qul ldls lstîf nfmprhjkf. Ljtîf, umh vlz qul ldls tljahm
nfmprhkf, prlnishmfs nrihr vitþrihs lmfnifjhis rhpikhmljtl. \mh mhjlirh kl `hzlr
issf é nfdfnhr slus hjÿjnifs jf hr l `hzlr nfm qul ldls `lnalm suh primlirh vljkh
kl \^$ 7.555 jfs primlirfs sltl kihs. Hf `hzlr issf, suh klnisîf kl trhghdahr nfjfsnf
é rl`frãhkh l ldls imlkihthmljtl nfjìhm mhis lm jþs. Issf fs tfrjh mhis prfpljsfs
h slcuir f rlstf kl jfssfs sistlmhs l nalchr hf slu klstijf ìjhd.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? vitþrihs rèpikhs
^lmprl tljtl ijnfrpfrhr chjafs imlkihtfs l kl nurtf prhzf phrh um ndiljtl.

ndi ljtl. ^loh nrihtivf.
Ldls sþ prlnishm shglr qul lstîf jf nhmijaf nlrtf l qul tfmhrhm h klnisîf nlrth nfjìhjkf
lm vfnï l jh suh lmprlsh.
Klixl-ml tl khr futrf lxlmpdf. ^l lu vljklr h hdcuém um nfrpf kl giquíji, f

htrhsf phrh plrnlglr lssl rlsudthkf pfkl slr kl 87 mlsls fu hté mhis. Hf dfjcf kf
nhmijaf, pfrém, å mlkikh qul mukhm kl nfrpf, pfklm lxplrimljthr mhifr klslof
slxuhd, mhis ljlrcih l umh mhifr nfmujikhkl kl hmicfs.
Ldls jîf lstîf ijinihdmljtl nfmprhjkf lsshs nfishs, mhs lsshs nfishs pfklm
sl tfrjhr gljl`ínifs kl nurtf prhzf qul fs mhjtïm jf ofcf pfr tlmpf suìniljtl phrh
hdnhjãhr slu rlsudthkf ìjhd. Ldls nfmprhm f sfjaf, mhs ìnhm pldfs gljl`ínifs qul
klsnfgrlm pldf nhmijaf. Xuhjtf mhis rèpikf l ndhrf vfnï puklr klmfjstrhr lssls
gljl`ínifs, mhis vhdifsf slrè slu slrviãf. Uhrh um ndiljtl kl plrkh kl plsf, jþs f
nfjvikèvhmfs h nfjalnlr futrh plssfh phrh qul ldl tivlssl imlkihthmljtl hdcujs
gljl`ínifs sfnihis kf prfcrhmh, l clrhdmljtl kèvhmfs h ldl umh kilth mhis hcrlssivh
jf ijínif. Ufr quï6 Ufrqul qulríhmfs qul ldls tivlsslm umh crhjkl l rèpikh vitþrih
lmfnifjhd, phrh qul pukésslmfs `hzlr nfm qul ldls sl nfmprfmltlsslm h dfjcf
prhzf. Issf thmgém é hpfihkf pldh niïjnih. Hs plssfhs qul lxplrimljthm umh vitþrih
jf ijínif sîf mhis prfpljshs h nfjtijuhr nfm hdcf kf qul hquldhs qul jîf f `hzlm.
Kitf istf, tlr qul lsplrhr kl 87 h 7; mlsls phrh nfjslcuir f qul vfnï qulr é
muitf tlmpf quhjkf vfnï pfkl `hzlr dipfhspirhãîf l slr `litf lm umh thrkl. lstl
mfstrh hpljhs umh khs rhzüls pldhs quhis hs plssfhs phchm \^$ 7<.555 pfr dipfhspirhãîf nfm
hgkfmijfpdhstih,
hgkfmijfpdhstih, ljquhjtf hs plssfhs mhd phchm \^$ 855/mïs phrh phrtiniphr kl um gfftnhmp.
Mhs lssl jîf é f ÿjinf mftivf, jîf é6

Issf ml dlvh hf ÿdtimf `htfr kl vhdfr - ls`frãf l shnri`ínif.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? Ghtikhs rèpikhs crètis
H ÿjinh nfish qul suplrh f —crètis” é f —rèpikf”. Hs plssfhs vîf phchr pldh vldfnikhkl. Muiths lmprlshs ljtrhrhm lm
lsphãfs divrls l sl shírhm muitf glm nfm umh lstrhtécih kl —vldfnikhkl lm primlirf duchr”. Hdcujs lxlmpdfs jftèvlis? F MPK
vs KMP lsplrh jh ìdh phrh slmprl fu phch \^ $ <5, vfnï pfkl pudhr h ìdh l rljfvhr suh dinljãh lm phrtinudhr. @lklx vs \Û^
(quhjkf hgsfduthmljtl pfsitivhmljtl tlm qul lsthr dè kurhjtl h jfitl). ^pfti`y vs mÿsinh dljth crètis. \glr vs Nhmijahkh. Wèpikf
ghtl crètis. Muitfs lsthrîf slmprl kispfstfs h phchr (prlãf) pldf ( vhdfr) kh vldfnikhkl. Ufrthjtf, sl vfnï sl ljnfjtrhr lm um
mlrnhkf nfmpltijkf nfm f crhtuitf, kfgrl h vldfnikhkl.
#; Ls`frãf l ^hnri`ínif (Mlth = Kimijuiãîf)
Issf é f qul —nusth” ås plssfhs lm nustfs huxidihrls, thmgém nfjalnikf nfmf —futrfs nustfs
hnumudhkfs hf dfjcf kf nhmijaf”. Lstls pfklm slr thjcívlis l ijthjcívlis.
\shjkf f lxlmpdf kl ìtjlss vlrsus

v lrsus dipfhspirhãîf, vhmfs vlr h ki`lrljãh kl ls`frãf l shnri`ínif?
Ki`lrljãh ljfrml, nlrtf6
Jh vlrkhkl, hf fdahr phrh f mhrbltijc kfs nirurciüls pdèstinfs, lssls sîf fs pfjtfs kl
kfr lxhtfs lm qul ldls sl klphrhm quhjkf kizlm nfishs nfmf? —Nhjshkf kl plrklr
ijÿmlrhs afrhs jh hnhklmih. . . . nhjshkf kl tljthr kilths qul simpdlsmljtl jîf ùjnifjhm6”
ùjnifjhm6”
É pfr issf qul quhjkf vfnï vljkl ìtjlss, vfnï tlm qul chsthr umh afrh duthjkf nfm
um ndiljtl phrh khr mhis kl 8/85 h 8/855 kf vhdfr qul ldls phchm pldh nirurcih. împdlsmljtl
jîf aè muitf vhdfr plrnlgikf pfrqul h prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf, f tlmpf kl
htrhsf phrh h rlhdizhãîf l f ls`frãf l shnri`ínif sîf muitf hdtfs.
Ufrthjtf, lmgfrh f rlsudthkf sloh f mlsmf, f vhdfr kfs vlínudfs é krhstinhmljtl

ki`lrljtl, khí h ki`lrljãh kl prlãf.
Kimijuir f ls`frãf l f shnri`ínif, fu pldf mljfs f ls`frãf l f shnri`ínif plrnlgikfs,

pfkl humljthr ljfrmlmljtl f hpldf kl suh f`lrth.
Lm um mujkf iklhd, um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd cfsthrih kl simpdlsmljtl —kizlr sim” l tlr
f rlsudthkf kfs slus sfjafs hnfjtlnl slm mhis ls`frãf lm slu jfml.
É pfr issf qul fs slrviãfs —`litf phrh vfnï” sîf quhsl slmprl mhis nhrfs kf qul —`hãh
vfnï mlsmf” pfrqul h plssfh jîf tlm tfkf f ls`frãf l shnri`ínif. Aè thmgém um
nfmpfjljtl kl ki`lrljãh kl —prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf”. Hs plssfhs hnrlkithm
qul, sl um lsplnihdisth ìzlr issf, ldhs tlrîf mhis prfghgidikhkl kl hdnhjãhr f rlsudthkf kf
qul sl tljthrlm slus
tlr.
Mijah lsplrhjãh é qul hcfrh vfnï tljah umh nfmprlljsîf ùjkhmljthd kfs
nfmpfjljtls kl vhdfr l nfmf h ijtlrhãîf ljtrl nhkh um kfs nfmpfjljtls nrih fu kimijui
f vhdfr qul hdcuém pfkl lsthr kispfstf h

phchr.
Oujthjkf tukf Nfmf lu

kissl hjtlrifrmljtl, lssls ldlmljtfs kl vhdfr jîf hnfjtlnlm jf vènuf.
Ldls hnfjtlnlm oujtfs, lm nfmgijhãîf. Ljtîf, vhmfs vlr hdcujs lxlmpdfs qul utidizhm
tfkfs fs quhtrf nfmpfjljtls kl vhdfr kl umh sþ vlz.
Lm um ls`frãf phrh quhjtiìnhr f vhdfr, vfu ndhssiìnè-dfs lm umh lsnhdh gijèrih kl 5
fu 8. 8 sljkf f vhdfr hdnhjãhkf. 5 `hdthjkf. Lm slcuikh, hkinifjhrli tfkfs fs quhtrf phrh
`frjlnlr umh ndhssiìnhãîf kl vhdfr rldhtivf kl um tipf kl slrviãf. Jfssf fgoltivf nfmf
prfìssifjhis kl mhrbltijc l lmprlsèrifs é humljthr f vhdfr kf sfjaf
rlsudthkf l suh prfghgidikhkl plrnlgikh kl rlhdizhãîf, hf mlsmf tlmpf lm qul kimijui f
htrhsf kl rlhdizhãîf l f ls`frãf l shnri`ínif qul sl tlm qul `hzlr phrh nalchr dè.
Uhrh nfmlãhr, `hrli umh nfmphrhãîf dhkf h dhkf kl kfis —vlínudfs” nfm rlsudthkfs
ikïjtinfs jf ^fjaf? Mlkithãîf l Qhjhx. Hmgfs f`lrlnlm rldhxhmljtf hf nfmprhkfr,
kimijuiãîf kh hjsilkhkl l sljshãîf kl glm-lsthr. Pfu klmfjstrhr nfmf hs futrhs trïs
vhrièvlis mukhm krhstinhmljtl f vhdfr kl ljtrlchr f rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs l, ìjhdmljtl, f
prlãf.
Lxlmpdf? Wlsudthkf kf ^fjaf? —Wldhxhmljtf”, —Kimijuiãîf kh Hjsilkhkl”,

Mlkithãîf —^ljshãüls kl glm-lsthr” vs Qhjhx
L é pfr issf qul f Qhjhx é um prfkutf mudtigidifjèrif ljquhjtf lu nfjalãf

quhsl jljaum jlcþnif kl mlkithãîf mudtigidifjèrif. . . vhdfr.
Jîf lstfu hqui phrh kisnutir sl h mlkithãîf é mldafr qul Qhjhx

(fgvihmljtl é), mhs issf jîf sicjiình qul é plrnlgikf nfmf mhis vhdifsf.
Lssh thmgém é h rhzîf pldh quhd h ijkÿstrih kl supdlmljtfs (\^$ 87> gidaüls, Crhjkvilw
Wlslhrna) é kuhs vlzls mhifr qul h ijkÿstrih kl hnhklmihs (\^$ 07 gidaüls, IAW^H). Hmgfs
hdnhjãhm fs mlsmfs fgoltivfs plrnlgikfs „ —slr shukèvld”, —plrklr plsf”, —gfh hphrïjnih”,
—humljtf kl ljlrcih” ltn. „ mhs um é plrnlgikf nfmf mhis vhdifsf

v hdifsf pfrqul tlm —nustfs” mhis
ghixfs.
Hs plssfhs lstîf mhis kispfsths h phchr \^$ 755 pfr supdlmljtfs kf qul umh hssfnihãîf
kl \^$ 79/mïs. [fmhr um nfmprimikf, fu glglr um ghtikf, é muitf mhis rèpikf l `ènid kf qul ir
hf cijèsif tfkfs fs kihs. Ufr issf . . . vhdfrizhkf.
Mujkf dfunf lm qul vivlmfs.
L vfnï pfkl sljthr dè l `hzlr pfsts kl —rlndhmhãîf” sfgrl nfmf hs plssfhs —klvlrihm” slr
kl umh nlrth mhjlirh. Fu vfnï pfkl hprfvlithr h `frmh nfmf hs plssfhs sîf l nhpithdizhr. Lstl
divrf é phrh hquldhs plssfhs qul qulrlm slr vitfrifshs, jîf vítimhs
vít imhs khs nirnujstçjnihs.
Pfnï pfkl lsthr nlrtf fu vfnï pfkl slr rinf. Lstl divrf é phrh ìnhr rinf.
^l issf tl ijnfmfkh, simpdlsmljtl klixl issf

iss f kl dhkf l vfdtl h hrcumljthr nfjtrh h jhturlzh
aumhjh. Kinh? vfnï jîf vhi mukhr issf.
Hcfrh, kitf issf, shglr f qul hs plssfhs vhdfrizhm vlrsus f qul é gfm phrh ldhs é
ùjkhmljthd. Issf sicjiình qul vfnï pfkl ljnfjtrhr mhjlirhs kl mfjltizhr hs nfishs qul hs
plssfhs vhdfrizhm phrh khr h ldhs f qul ldhs rlhdmljtl prlnishm.

Chjah-chjah.
Pfnï pfkl `hzlr suh mhrnh jf ujivlrsf ljquhjtf fgtém dunrf.

@\JKF KL PFJ[HKL CWH[\I[F
—Hquldl qul kissl qul kijalirf jîf trhz `ldinikhkl, jîf klu f suìniljtl.”
- KL^NFJALNIKF
U Hs plssfhs qul houkhm fs futrfs (nfm lxplnthtivh zlrf) lxplrimljthm jívlis mhis hdtfs kl
rlhdizhãîf, vivlm mhis l chjahm mhis kijalirf. Cfsthrih kl nrihr h fpfrtujikhkl kl ljtrlchr lssl
vhdfr h vfnï kurhjtl suh lxplriïjnih kl dliturh fu hukiãîf. Uhrh issf, tljaf umh plrcujth simpdls phrh
vfnï...
Pfnï houkhrih hdcuém qul vfnï jujnh nfjalnlu, sl jîf dal nusthssl kijalirf, mhs vfnï
jujnh rlnlglu nrékitf pfr issf6
^l sim, tljaf um 'plkikf' h `hzlr lm jfml kl hdcuém qul vfnï jîf nfjalnl.
L prfvhvldmljtl, jujnh f `hrè.
Ldls sîf lxhthmljtl nfmf vfnï, fu nfmf vfnï lrh aè hdcujs hjfs? mljfs lxplriljtls, nalifs kl
vfjthkl kl houkhr f mujkf, gusnhjkf ij`frmhãüls, mhs slm shglr fjkl prfnurhr… é hqui qul vfnï
ljtrh.
H ÿjinh mhjlirh kl jþs kh Hnquisitifj.nfm numprir jfssh missîf kl houkhr lmprlljklkfrls é,
primlirf, hdnhjãè-dfs.
hdnhjãè-dfs. L h mhifrih khs plssfhs, kl `htf, oudch um divrf pldh nhph (l pldhs rlsljahs). ^l
vfnï hnafu lstl divrf vhdifsf hté hcfrh, pfr `hvfr, tfml um grlvl mfmljtf hcfrh l
klixhr umh rlsljah afjlsth kf divrf l slu nfjtlÿkf6 Phi nusthr-dal zlrf kþdhrls l
mljfs kl 05 slcujkfs.
ûh hvhdihãîf vhi houkhr….
….mhis um lmprlljklkfr sustljth suh `hmídih. ….mhis um

ùjnifjèrif ljnfjtrh um trhghdaf qul nfjsiklrh sicjiìnhtivf. ....
mhis um ndiljtl lxplrimljth umh trhjs`frmhãîf qul kl futrh `frmh
jujnh tlrih
ljnfjtrhkf.
….mhis umh mukhjãh kl vikh phrh mldafr.
Uhrh `hzlr issf hnfjtlnlr... tukf qul vfnï prlnish `hzlr é... l issf dlvh mljfs tlmpf
kl 05 slcujkfs….klixl um nfmljtèrif.
^l vfnï lstivlr jf mfkf hukívld - ndiqul jfs trïs pfjtfs jf nhjtf suplrifr kirlitf kf
slu kispfsitivf, ndiqul lm hvhdihr l nfmljthr l klixl hdcumhs `rhsls sfgrl f divrf nfm
umh ndhssiìnhãîf pfr lstrldhs.
^l vfnï lstivlr dljkf jf bijkdl fu lm um l-rlhklr - vfnï pfkl rfdhr hté h

phrtl ij`lrifr kf divrf, klsdizhr phrh nimh l ldl slrè sfdinithkf hutfmhtinhmljtl
\mh rlvisîf.
^l, pfr hdcum mftivf, ldls hdtlrhrhm umh khs ùjnifjhdikhkls - vfnï pfkl
hnlsshr h pècijh kf divrf jh hmhzfj (fu fjkl qulr qul vfnï f tljah
nfmprhkf) l klixhr um nfmljtèrif jh pècijh.
U^ - ^l vfnï sl sljtl glm lm houkhr um lmprlljklkfr slm rfstf, vfnï é f mlu

tipf kl plssfh. Lstfu muitf mhis hjimhkf phrh houkè-df h lsmhcè-df jfs prþximfs
nhpítudfs (vfnï vhi hkfrhr hs tètinhs qul lstfu prlstls h hgfrkhr).
UU^ - Di`l ahnb? sl vfnï hprlsljthr hdcf vhdifsf h hdcuém, ldls hssfnihm lssl vhdfr
h vfnï. ^l vfnï klsloh rlnlglr h gfh vfjthkl kirlthmljtl kl futrf lmprlljklkfr -
ljvil lstl divrf phrh ldls.
Fgrichkf kf ùjkf kf mlu nfrhãîf. Hcfrh kl vfdth hf jfssf rlcudhrmljtl

prfcrhmhãîf prfcrhmhkh.
- ^lu mhifr `î, Hdlx
F@LW[H KL PHDFW? F UWFNL^^F KL ULJ^HMLJ[F
—^l jf nfmlãf vfnï jîf nfjslcuir, tljtl, tljtl, tljtl jfvhmljtl.”
‛ [AFMH^ A. UHDMLW, MHJ\HD

MHJ\HD KF UWF@L^^FW
qulrf `hzlr um lxlrnínif nfm vfnï hcfrh. Lu qulrf tl mfstrhr f

lu
ki`lrljãh ljtrl rlsfduãîf kl prfgdlmhs nfjvlrcljtl l kivlrcljtl. Ufr quï6 Uhrh qul
vfnï pfssh rlhdmljtl nrihr h F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm qul sl tfrjhrè h plkrh hjcudhr kf slu
jlcþnif.
Uljshmljtf nfjvlrcljtl l kivlrcljtl
Lm tlrmfs simpdls, h sfduãîf nfjvlrcljtl kl prfgdlmhs é fjkl vfnï plch muiths
vhrièvlis, tfkhs nfjalnikhs, nfm nfjkiãüls imutèvlis l nfjvlrclm lm umh rlspfsth
sijcudhr. Uljsl mhtlmètinh.
Lxlmpdf?
Pfnï tlm > vljklkfrls qul pfklm htljklr 855 dichãüls pfr mïs nhkh.
^îf jlnlssèrihs ; nahmhkhs phrh nrihr umh vljkh (ijnduijkf jîf nfmphrïjnih).
Pfnï prlnish nalchr h 885 vljkhs. . .
Xuhjths plssfhs kl vljkhs vfnï klvl nfjtrhthr6

Ij`frmhãüls klkuzikhs?
8 vljklkfr = 855 dichãüls

; nahmhkhs = 8 `lnahmljtf
855 dichãüls/; dichãüls pfr `lnahmljtf = 7< `lnahmljtfs pfr 855 dichãüls 7<
`lnahmljtfs pfr rlprlsljthjtl
Mlth? tfthd kl 885 vljkhs / 7< vljkhs pfr rlprlsljthjtl = ;,;
Nfmf vfnï jîf pfkl nfjtrhthr ;,; rlprlsljthjtls, vfnï klnikl qul klvl tlr nijnf.
WLÛF^[H? L nfmf vfnï tlm >, vfnï nfjtrhth mhis kfis .
Fs prfgdlmhs mhtlmètinfs sîf nfjvlrcljtls. Aè muiths vhrièvlis l umh ÿjinh rlspfsth. ^fmfs
ljsijhkfs h vikh tfkh jh lsnfdh h pljshr klssh mhjlirh. Issf pfrqul é `ènid kl ndhssiìnhr.
Mhs h vikh dal phchrè pfr suh nhphnikhkl kl rlsfdvlr ushjkf um prfnlssf kl pljshmljtf kivlrcljtl.
Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, pljsl lm muiths sfduãüls phrh um ÿjinf prfgdlmh. Jîf sþ issf, hs rlspfsths
nfjvlrcljtls sîf gijèrihs. Fu lstîf nlrtfs fu lstîf lrrhkfs. Nfm f pljshmljtf kivlrcljtl, vfnï pfkl tlr
vèrihs rlspfsths nlrths l umh rlspfsth muitf mhis nlrth kf qul hs futrhs. Dlchd nlrtf6
Hqui lstè f qul h vikh jfs hprlsljth phrh f pljshmljtf kivlrcljtl? Mÿdtipdhs Phrièvlis,
Nfjalnikf l Klsnfjalnikf, Nfjkiãüls Kijçminhs, Wlspfsths Mÿdtipdhs.
Nfmf thd, qulrf `hzlr um lxlrnínif nfm vfnï qul ljvfdvlrè h phrtl kl
slu nérlgrf qul vfnï prlnishrè ushr phrh `hzlr hdcf mècinf.
Lu nahmf issf kl lxlrnínif kf —tiofdf”. Jîf sl prlfnupl, dlvhrè hpljhs 875 slcujkfs.
F lxlrnínif kf tiofdf
Jlstl mfmljtf, qulrf qul klìjh um tlmpfrizhkfr jf slu tldl`fjl phrh 875 slcujkfs.
F qul vfnï prlnish `hzlr? Uljsl lm um tiofdf.
Hjftl quhjtfs usfs ki`lrljtls kl um tiofdf vfnï puklr imhcijhr
kf. Kl quhjths mhjlirhs ki`lrljtls um tiofdf pfklrih slr ushkf jh vikh phrh `frjlnlr vhdfr.
Urlphrhr6 Ir. Jîf aè prfgdlmh lm lsnrlvlr jf divrf.
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV
VVVV
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VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVVV VVVVVVVV
[ukf glm - phrl. Hcfrh, hjtls kl mfstrhr mijah disth, vfnï nfjsiklrfu f slcuijtl. . .
. . . Xuhd f thmhjaf kf tiofdf6 \mh phstidah kl naindltl, >-</1" x 7-8/;" x 1"
(Uhkrîf), 7 pés x 7 pés x 0 pés6
. . . Kf qul é `litf f tiofdf6 Udèstinf, Furf, Hrcidh, Mhklirh, Mlthd6
. . . Nfmf é f `frmhtf kf tiofdf6 [lm ùrfs jldl6 Ldh tlm rhmhis phrh ijtlrtrhvhmljtf6
Hcfrh, ljquhjtf vfnï pljsh sfgrl issf, vfnï pfkl pljshr lm hijkh mhis usfs phrh f
tiofdf kf qul vfnï prfvhvldmljtl lsnrlvlu6
Hqui lstè mijah disth?
Ulsf kf phpld
Ufr phrhkh
Nfjstruijkf nfishs
Nhsh phrh um plixl lm um hquèrif
ûpfrtl phrh pdhjths nfm suolirh jfs gurhnfs (tiofdf ùrhkf)
Nfmf trf`éu (tiofdf pijthkf)

klnfrhãîf rÿstinh
Uhrh qulgrhr h ohjldh
@hãh um murhd (plquljfs tiofdfs pijthkfs)
\m plsf phrh trlijhmljtf kl rlsistïjnih
\mh nujah sfg pdhth`frmh irrlcudhr
Ufrth nhjlth (tiofdf ùrhkf)
Grijqulkf ij`hjtid (tiofdfs kl dlcf)
Kispfsitivf kl `dutuhãîf (tiofdf kl pdèstinf)

Uhchmljtf kl mlrnhkfrihs (tiofdf kl furf)
Lsthgidizhkfr phrh ijndijhr hdcf nfjtrh
Wltljtfr kl vhdfr (tiofdf kl furf)
ûpfrtl phrh mhstrf (tiofdf ùrhkf)
\m hssljtf (tiofdf oumgf)
Nhkh f`lrth tlm gdfnfs kl nfjstruãîf, hs plãhs qul quhjkf nfmgijhkhs tfrjhm umh f`lrth
irrlsistívld. Jfssf fgoltivf é ushr um prfnlssf kl pljshmljtf kivlrcljtl phrh pljshr lm thjths
mhjlirhs `ènlis kl nfmgijhr lssls ldlmljtfs phrh `frjlnlr vhdfr.
Ljtîf, sl lu lstivlssl vljkljkf um tiofdf, lu klsnfgririh quhd lrh f klslof kf mlu ndiljtl l
ljtîf imhcijhrih quhjths mhjlirhs lu pfklrih nrihr vhdfr nfm mlu —tiofdf”.
Hcfrh vhmfs `hzlr issf kl vlrkhkl.
F@LW[H KL PHDFW? NWIHJKF ^\H F@LW[H KL CWHJK ^DHM

UHW[L I? UWFGDLMH^ L ^FD\ÃÜL^
—HGN, `ènid nfmf 87> Ha, simpdls nfmf kfa rla mi”
‛ MINAHLD OHNB^FJ,
OHNB^FJ, —HGN”
KLJ[WF uhjkf nfmlnli mijah hnhklmih, dutli. Lu qulrih muitf tlr sunlssf, prfvhr
qul mlu phi lsthvh lrrhkf sfgrl mijah klnisîf kl nfmlãhr mlu prþprif
jlcþnif l prfvhr h mim mlsmh qul lu vhdih hdcumh nfish. Mhs pfr mhis qul tljthssl,
lu jîf nfjslcuih jlm vljklr hs plssfhs phrh um gfftnhmp kl \^$ 99/mïs. Hs
plssfhs kizihm? —DH @itjlss nusth \^$ 79/mïs. Istf é nhrf." Lu hté tljtli `hzlr nfm qul
hs plssfhs nfmlãhsslm kl crhãh. Ldls kisslrhm qul jîf sl ijnfmfkhrihm pfrqul $ 99/mïs klpfis
hijkh lrh muitf, l ldls jîf qulrihm nfmlãhr hdcf nfm f quhd jîf nfjtijuhrihm.
É um jfvf jívld kl `rustrhãîf quhjkf vfnï jîf pfkl jlm khr slus slrviãfs crhtuithmljtl phrh
hs plssfhs. Lu ml sljtih ijÿtid l jîf shgih f qul `hzlr.
@ldizmljtl, kurhjtl lssl plrífkf, lu lsthvh lm crupfs nfm futrfs kfjfs kl hnhklmihs l nfmlnli
h fuvir sfgrl prfìssifjhis kl mhrbltijc l divrfs. Klvfrli tukf f qul pukl.
L hssim qul trfplnli jfs divrfs kl Khj Bljjlky, ìquli vinihkf.
Lm slus divrfs, ldl `hdhvh sfgrl `hzlr —f`lrths irrlsistívlis”. Mhis umh vlz, lssl tlmh kl —`hzlr
umh f`lrth tîf gfh qul hs plssfhs sl sljtirihm lstÿpikhs lm kizlr jîf” nfjtijufu rlhphrlnljkf.
Mhs klsth vlz, dlmgrhjkf-ml kf qul [O ahvih ml kitf, klniki ml hprfùjkhr jlssl nfjnlitf, lm vlz
kl hpljhs `hzlr f qul tfkf mujkf lsthvh `hzljkf.
Mhs nfmf6 [fkf mujkf lsthvh vljkljkf gfftnhmps kl $ 99/mïs. Nfmf lu irih nfmpltir6
Ljtîf lu klniki fdahr phrh f qul ìzlmfs kl `frmh ki`lrljtl. Lu pljsli „ f qul ldls rlhdmljtl
qulrlm6 Jijcuém qulr slr mlmgrf2 ldls qulrlm plrklr plsf.
Uhssf #8? Ikljtiìqul f Wlsudthkf kfs
^fjafs Lu tijah fuvikf `hdhr kfs klshìfs kh plrkh kl plsf, ljtîf nfmlnli pfr hí.
Ulrnh 75bc lm 0 slmhjhs.
Crhjkl rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs - plrklr 75 digrhs.
Nfm um htrhsf kl tlmpf rlkuzikf - 0 slmhjhs.
Fgslrvhãîf? lu jîf lsthvh mhis vljkljkf mijah hssijhturh. Lu jîf lsthvh vljkljkf f vff
kl hviîf. Lu lsthvh vljkljkf hs `érihs. Xuhjkf vfnï lstè pljshjkf jf rlsudthkf kfs slus sfjafs,
tlm qul slr ldls nalchjkf hf slu klstijf l f qul ldls cfsthrihm kl lxplrimljthr.
Uhssf #7? Distl fs Urfgdlmhs
Lm slcuikh, lsnrlvi tfkhs hs nfishs nfm hs quhis hs plssfhs duthvhm l slus pljshmljtfs
dimithjtls hf slu rlkfr. Hf disthr prfgdlmhs, pljsl jf qul hnfjtlnl imlkihthmljtl hjtls l
imlkihthmljtl klpfis qul hdcuém ush slu
prfkutf/slrviãf. Xuhd é h —prþximh” nfish nfm h quhd ldls prlnishm kl houkh6 Lstls sîf tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs.
Uljsl jissf lm klthdals ijshjfs. ^l f ìzlr, vfnï nrihrè umh f`lrth mhis vhdifsh l htrhljtl, pfis lsthrè
nfjtijuhmljtl rlspfjkljkf hf prþximf prfgdlmh khs plssfhs å mlkikh qul ldl sl mhji`lsthr.
Ljtîf, vhmfs lm `rljtl l disthr fs prfgdlmhs kh plrsplntivh kl um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd ljquhjtf vfnï
pljsh sfgrl ldls. Xul pfjtfs kl htritf lxistlm phrh ldls6
Cfstf kl pljshr jh slquïjnih qul f ndiljtl lxplrimljthrè nhkh um klssls fgstènudfs. Jfvhmljtl, nhjhdizl
klthdals ijshjfs (quhjtf mhis prfgdlmhs, mldafr!).
Lxlmpdf kl disth kl prfgdlmhs? plrkh kl plsf H
primlirh nfish qul ldls klvlm `hzlr? nfmprhr hdimljtfs shukèvlis, `hzlr nfmprhs jf suplrmlrnhkf
8. Nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld é ki`ínid, nfjùsf l lu jîf vfu cfsthr 7. Nfmprhr nfmikh
shukèvld vhi dlvhr muitf tlmpf >. Nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld é nhrf ;. Jîf pfklrli
nfzijahr nfmikh shukèvld phrh slmprl. Hs jlnlssikhkls kh mijah `hmídih vîf ìnhr jf
mlu nhmijaf. ^l lu vihohr, jîf shglrli f qul nfmprhr.
H prþximh nfish qul ldls klvlm `hzlr? Nfzijahr hdimljtfs shukèvlis
8. Nfzijahr hdimljtfs shukèvlis é ki`ínid l nfjùsf. Lu jîf vfu cfsthr, l lu
vhi nauphr issf.
7. Nfzijahr nfmikh shukèvld dlvhrè muitf tlmpf >. Nfzijahr nfmikh
shukèvld é nhrf. Jîf vhdl h pljh.
;. Jîf pfklrli nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld phrh slmprl. Hs jlnlssikhkls kh mijah `hmídih vîf
ìnhr jf mlu nhmijaf. ^l lu vihohr jîf shglrli nfzijahr kl `frmh shukèvld.
H prþximh nfish qul ldls klvlm `hzlr? Nfmlr hdimljtfs
shukèvlis 8) Ltn...
H prþximh nfish qul ldls klvlm `hzlr? Lxlrnithr-sl rlcudhrmljt

rlcudhrmljtl
l
8) Ltn...
Hcfrh vhmfs khr umh vfdth nfmpdlth hqui. Nhkh um kfs prfgdlmhs hnimh tlm quhtrf ldlmljtfs
jlchtivfs. L vfnï hkivijafu, nhkh um sl hdijah nfm fs quhtrf krivlrs kl vhdfr thmgém.
8. Wlsudthkf kf sfjafö Issf jîf vhdlrè h pljh ìjhjnlirhmljtl 7.
Urfghgidikhkl kl rlhdizhãîfö Jîf ùjnifjhrè lsplniìnhmljtl phrh mim. Lu jîf vfu
nfjslcuir ìnhr nfm issf. @htfrls lxtlrjfs vîf ìnhr jf mlu nhmijaf.
(Lstl é f mhis lxndusivf l lsplníìnf kl slrviãf kfs gunblts kl prfgdlmhs).
>. Ls`frãf l ^hnri`ínifö Issf slrè muitf ki`ínid, nfjùsf. lu jîf vfu cfsthr
istf. Lu vfu nauphr issf.
;. [lmpfö Issf dlvhrè muitf tlmpf phrh slr `litf. Lstfu muitf fnuphkf phrh `hzlr issf.
Phi klmfrhr muitf phrh ùjnifjhr. Jîf slrè nfjvljiljtl phrh mim.
Hcfrh, vè lm `rljtl l distl tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs qul slu prfsplnt tlm. Jîf klixl qul lssls
ghdkls, qul slrvlm hpljhs phrh `hzlr slu nérlgrf ùjnifjhr, f nfjstrhjchm.
^l `fr mhis `ènid phrh vfnï, distl tukf f qul puklr pljshr.
F qul mfstrli hqui jîf sîf hpljhs quhtrf prfgdlmhs. [lmfs 80 prfgdlmhs prijniphis nfm kfis
h quhtrf sugprfgdlmhs pfr ghixf. Ufrthjtf, >7 h 0; prfgdlmhs jf tfthd. Yfwzh. Jîf é å tfh qul h
mhifrih khs plssfhs jîf htijcl slus fgoltivfs. Jîf ìqul

sfgrlnhrrlchkf.
sfgrlnhrrlchkf. Lsth é h mldafr jftínih kl tfkhs. Xuhjtf mhis prfgdlmhs vfnï pljsh, mhis
prfgdlmhs vfnï nfjslcul rlsfdvlr.
Ljtîf, phrh rlnhpitudhr, hpljhs distl nhkh nfish prijniphd qul hdcuém tlm qul `hzlr. Lm slcuikh,
pljsl lm tfkhs hs rhzüls pldhs quhis ldls jîf slrihm nhphzls kl `hzï-df fu nfjtijuhrihm `hzljkf
(ushjkf fs quhtrf kirlnifjhkfrls kl vhdfr nfmf cuih).
Hcfrh nalchmfs å phrtl kivlrtikh? trhjs`frmhr prfgdlmhs lm sfduãüls.
Uhssf #>? Disth kl ^fduãüls
Hcfrh qul tlmfs f rlsudthkf kfs jfssfs sfjafs l tfkfs fs fgstènudfs qul tlrlmfs
kf olitf kl hdcuém, é afrh kl klìjir jfsshs sfduãüls l distè-dhs.
H nrihãîf kh disth kl sfduãüls tlm kuhs lthphs. Urimlirf, vhmfs primlirf trhjs`frmhr jfssfs
prfgdlmhs lm sfduãüls. Lm slcujkf duchr, vhmfs jfmlhr lsshs sfduãüls. É issf. Ljtîf, vhmfs
khr umh fdahkh jh jfssh disth
di sth kl prfgdlmhs hjtlrifrls.
F qul vhmfs `hzlr é simpdlsmljtl trhjs`frmè-dfs lm sfduãüls pljshjkf? —F qul lu prlnishrih

mfstrhr h hdcuém phrh rlsfdvlr lssl prfgdlmh6” Ljtîf vhmfs rlvlrtlr nhkh ldlmljtf kf
fgstènudf lm dijcuhclm friljthkh phrh h sfduãîf. Issf é nfpywritijc 858. Lstè hdém kf lsnfpf
klstl divrf, mhs simpdlsmljtl hkinifjhr —nfmf `hzlr” l rlvlrtlr f prfgdlmh khrè å mhifrih khs
plssfhs jfvhs jlssl prfnlssf um þtimf pfjtf kl phrtikh. Uhrh jfssfs prfpþsitfs, lsthmfs
khjkf h jþs mlsmfs umh disth
d isth kl vlriìnhãîf kf qul lxhthmljtl tlrlmfs qul `hzlr phrh jfssfs
ndiljtls pftljnihis l f qul vhmfs rlsfdvlr phrh ldls.
Hssim qul tivlrmfs jfssh disth

d isth kl sfduãüls, vhmfs fplrhnifjhdizhr nfmf rlhdmljtl vhmfs
rlsfdvlr lssls prfgdlmhs (nrihr vhdfr) jh prþximh lthph. L lu qulrf slr 855 pfr nljtf ndhrf.
Pfnï vhi rlsfdvlr tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs. Phmfs lxpdfrhr nfmf oujtfs, jh prþximh lthph.
UWFGDLMHö ^FD\ÃÎF
UWFGDLMH? Nfmprhr hdimljtfs shukèvlis, `hzlr nfmprhs jf suplrmlrnhkf
. . . é ki`ínid, nfjùsf, jîf vfu cfsthr. Lu vfu nauphr ö Nfmf `hzlr
nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld `ènid l hcrhkèvld, phrh qul quhdqulr um pfssh `hzï-df
(lsplnihdmljtl mîls fnuphkhs!)
. . . dlvh muitf tlmpfö Nfmf nfmprhr hdimljtfs shukèvlis rhpikhmljtl
. . . é nhrfö Nfmf nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld pfr mljfs kf qul f slu
nfjth kl suplrmlrnhkf htuhd
. . . é ijsustljtèvldö Nfmf `hzlr nfm qul h nfmprh kl hdimljtfs shukèvlis klmfrl mljfs
ls`frãf kf qul nfmprhr hdimljtfs jîf shukèvlis

. . . jîf é mijah prifrikhkl. Hs jlnlssikhkls
jlnlssikhkls kh mijah `hmídih vîf ml htrhphdahrö Nfmf
phrh nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld phrh vfnï l suh `hmídih hf mlsmf tlmpf
. . . é kls`hzívld sl lu vihohr2 Jîf vfu shglr f qul nfmprhrö Nfmf nfjslcuir
hdimljthãîf shukèvld hf vihohr
UWFGDLMH? Nfzijahr hdimljtfs shukèvlis
. . . é ki`ínid, nfjùsf. Lu jîf vfu cfsthr l vfu slr péssimf ö Nfmf

quhdqulr um pfkl cfsthr kl nfzijahr rl`liãüls shukèvlis `hnidmljtl
. . . dlvhrè muitf tlmpfö Nfmf nfzijahr rl`liãüls lm mljfs kl < hjfs
mijutfs
. . . é nhrf, jîf vhdl h pljhö Nfmf h hdimljthãîf shukèvld é rlhdmljtl
mhis ghrhtf qul nfmikh jîf shukèvld

. . . é ijsustljtèvld ö Nfmf `hzlr umh hdimljthãîf shukèvld kurhr phrh slmprl
. . . jîf é mijah prifrikhkl, hs jlnlssikhkls kh mijah `hmídih vîf ml htrhphdahrö Nfmf
nfzijahr issf hplshr khs prlfnuphãüls kl suh `hmídih

. . . é kls`hzívld sl lu vihohr jîf shglrli nfzijahr kl `frmh shukèvldö Nfmf
vihohr l hijkh nfzijahr shukèvld
UWFGDLMH? Nfmlr hdimljtfs shukèvlis
. . . é ki`ínid, nfjùsf l jîf vfu cfsthrö Nfmf nfmlr cfstfsf
hdimljthãîf shukèvld, slm slcuir sistlmhs nfmpdinhkfs

. . . ltn
UWFGDLMH? Lxlrnitl-sl rlcudhrmljtl
. . . é ki`ínid, nfjùsf, l lu jîf vfu cfsthr, l vfu slr péssimf ö
îstlmh kl lxlrnínifs `ènid kl slcuir qul tfkfs cfsthm

….ltn.
Fb, u`h. ^îf muitfs prfgdlmhs (l muiths sfduãüls ijtuíkhs, nfrtlsih kf pljshmljtf
kivlrcljtl). Pfnï thmgém jfthrè qul muitfs kldls sîf rlpltitivfs. Issf é tfthdmljtl jfrmhd.
Fs krivlrs kl vhdfr sîf hs quhtrf rhzüls prijniphis.
Jfssfs prfgdlmhs slmprl lstîf rldhnifjhkfs h lssls krivlrs, l jfsshs sfduãüls `frjlnlm
h rlspfsth jlnlssèrih phrh khr h um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd plrmissîf phrh nfmprhr. F qul é
hijkh mhis dfunf? é qul sl `hdthr hpljhs umh klsshs jlnlssikhkls
jlnlssikhkls lm umh sfduãîf, issf
pfkl `hzlr nfm qul hdcuém jîf nfmprl. Pfnï ìnhrih surprlsf nfm hs rhzüls pldhs quhis
hs plssfhs jîf nfmprhm. Ljtîf jîf sl dimitl hqui.
Grffbl Nhstiddf é umh hmich qul hkmijistrh um ljfrml jlcþnif kl nfhnaijc kl vikh.
Uhrh dal khr umh visîf ki`lrljtl kh disth kl prfgdlmhs l sfduãüls, Grffbl ml ljvifu suh
disth ljquhjtf lsthvh dljkf lstl divrf phrh `hzlr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm phrh um nursf kl
rldhnifjhmljtf kl 95 kihs. Kï umh fdahkh phrh vlr lstl prfnlssf htrhvés kl umh dljtl
tfthdmljtl ki`lrljtl. F prijniphd hrcumljtf, pfrém? jîf sloh lxtrhvhchjtl.
lxtrhvhchjtl.
Ghsth rlsfdvlr tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs l trhjs`frmè-dfs
trhjs`frmè-dfs lm sfduãüls.
Ijklpljkljtlmljtl
Ijklpljkljtlmljtl kl h f`lrth qul vfnï lstè nrihjkf slr sfgrl ìtjlss (nfmf f
lxlmpdf), um nursf kl rldhnifjhmljtf
rldhnifjhmljtf (nfmf Grffbl) fu hdcf tfthdmljtl ki`lrljtl (nfmf
kfrls kl fuvikf), hcfrh shglmfs f qul prlnishmfs `hzlr. F phssf quhtrf é f nfmf (l nfmf
`hzï-df slm qulgrhr f ghjnf).
[utfrihd kl Gûjus kl UWL^LJ[L CWH[\I[F #<? Nrihãîf kl F`lrths Uhrtl 8
^l vfnï quislr hnfmphjahr f prfnlssf nfmicf hf vivf, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs l sldlnifjl
—F``lr Nrlhtifj Uhrt 8” phrh hssistir h um grlvl tutfrihd lm víklf. Nfmf slmprl, é tfthdmljtl crhtuitf. Lu thmgém
tljaf umh Disth kl Plriìnhãîf kl Nrihãîf kl F`lrth Crhtuith phrh vfnï qul vfnï pfkl klsdizhr l impdhjthr
imlkihthmljtl lm slu jlcþnif. Hprfvlithr.

F@LW[H KL PHDFW? NWIHJKF ^\H F@LW[H KL CWHJK ^DHM
UHW[L II? [WIM & ^[HNB
"Nfrthr! Nfrthr! Nfrthr!"
‛ HMICF^ UHWH WHNALD CWLLJ LM HMICF^
lu kivikiu lstl nhpítudf lm kuhs phrtls pfrqul é h slãîf mhis

f divrf. É thmgém f mhis impfrthjtl. ^lm um prfkutf fu slrviãf vhdifsf, f rlstf kf divrf
jîf slrè tîf hnifjèvld. Hnhghmfs kl nfgrir tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs qul vhmfs rlsfdvlr. H
slcujkh mlthkl kl `hzlr suh f`lrth é klthdahr thtinhmljtl f qul vhmfs `hzlr/`frjlnlr phrh
jfssf ndiljtl. Lm tlfrih, tfkfs jþs hkfrhríhmfs vfhr l mfrhr nfm jfssfs ndiljtls phrh
rlsfdvlr slus prfgdlmhs. Jh rlhdikhkl, issf jîf slrih um jlcþnif muitf lsnhdèvld. Urlnishmfs
qul jfssh f`lrth sloh ijnrivldmljtl htrhljtl l dunrhtivh.
Kitf istf, sl lsth é suh primlirh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm, é impfrthjtl ljtrlchr lm lxnlssf
nfmf um dfunf. [hdvlz vfhr jîf sloh umh mè iklih jf nfmlãf. @hãh hdcumhs vljkhs l
klpfis pljsl lm nfmf tfrjhr issf mhis `ènid phrh slus ndiljtls. Pfnï qulr qul ldls pljslm
nfjsicf mlsmfs? —Lu rlnlgf tukf issf, hpljhs pfr issf6” Lm lssïjnih, vfnï qulr qul ldls
plrnlghm um vhdfr trlmljkf.
[fkf mujkf nfmprh plnaijnahs. Hdcumhs plssfhs nfmprhm nfishs kl \^$ 855.555
pfr hpljhs \^$ 85.555. É hí qul qulrlmfs vivlr? prlãfs hdtfs, mhs umh plnaijnah pldf
vhdfr (nfmf lsplrf qul lstl divrf hté hcfrh).
Pljkhs phrh Numprimljtf Nfjtijuum
Uhrh mldafr hgsfrvlr hs jfãüls kl hphrhr l lmpidahr, prlnishmfs kl umh rl`frmudhãîf

mljthd.
Ijsirh f nfjtijuum kl vljkhs phrh htljkimljtf.
^lmprl qul vfnï lstè nfjstruijkf um jlcþnif, vfnï tlm um nfjtijuum ljtrl h
`hnidikhkl kl htljkimljtf l h `hnidikhkl kl vljkhs. ^l vfnï kimijuir f qul prlnish `hzlr,
humljthrè h kiìnudkhkl kl vljklr slu prfkutf fu slrviãf. ^l vfnï ìzlr f mèximf pfssívld,
issf tfrjhrè slu prfkutf fu slrviãf `ènid kl vljklr, mhs ki`ínid kl numprir, pfrqul aè mhis
klmhjkh lm slu ijvlstimljtf kl tlmpf. F truqul, l f fgoltivf ìjhd, é ljnfjtrhr um pfjtf
iklhd fjkl vfnï vljkh hdcf muitf glm qul thmgém sloh `ènid kl numprir.
Lu slmprl vivi pldf mhjtrh, —Nril `duxf. Mfjltizl f `duxf. Lm slcuikh, hkinifjl htritf.”
Issf sicjiình qul lu clrf h klmhjkh primlirf. Ljtîf, nfm h mijah f`lrth, `hãf nfm qul
kichm sim. \mh vlz qul hs plssfhs kichm sim, ljtîf, l sþ ljtîf, hkinifjhrli htritf jf mlu
mhrbltijc fu klnikirli f`lrlnlr mljfs pldf mlsmf prlãf.
H prhtinikhkl impudsifjh lssh prètinh. ^l vfnï jîf nfjslcul `hzlr nfm qul h klmhjkh
`duh, ljtîf vfnï jîf tlm iklih sl f qul vfnï tlm é gfm. Urlìrf `hzlr mhis phrh nhkh ndiljtl
l tlr `duxf kl nhixh nalchjkf, klpfis ftimizhr mlu jlcþnif, mhs tlr `duxf kl nhixh zlrf
vijkf klpfis (l zlrf iklih sfgrl f qul prlnisf housthr phrh mldafr htljklr mlus ndiljtls).
Hqui lstè um lxlmpdf plr`litf phrh nfjkuzir lsth nhsh. Xuhjkf nfmlnli f Cym
Dhujna, fs kfjfs kl hnhklmihs ml plkirhm houkh. Ldls prlnishvhm kl thjth houkh,
lu jîf shgih pfr fjkl nfmlãhr. Mhs lu qulrih tlr nlrtlzh kl qul ldls rlnlgihm
muitf mhis kf qul ml phchvhm. Ljtîf, lis f qul hnhgli `hzljkf phrh ljnalr suhs
hnhklmihs? lu vfhrih phrh h hnhklmih pfr 78 kihs, chsthrih mlu prþprif kijalirf lm
aftéis, hduculd kl nhrrfs, nfmlr `frh, pugdinikhkl, clrhrih fs dlhks, trhghdahrih fs
dlhks l klpfis vljklrih phrh ldls . Lu hté `hrih h primlirh rlujiîf kl ijtlcrhãîf nfm
fs ndiljtls phrh ijiniè-dfs
ijiniè-dfs.. Wlsumijkf, ìz tukf. Hssumi tfkf f risnf.
Ldls sþ tivlrhm qul nfdfnhr $ <55 phrh —rlslrvhr” suh khth, qul lu ìz
rllmgfdsèvld jf ìjhd kf dhjãhmljtf. Ljtîf ldls tijahm 5 risnf ìjhjnlirf, 5 risnf kl
tlmpf, 5 ls`frãf, l f jlcþnif lrh qul lu tijah qul mhjtlr tfkf f kijalirf hrrlnhkhkf
nfm h vljkh kl slus slrviãfs, l ldls nfjslcuihm ndiljtls kl crhãh. Pfnï pfkl
imhcijhr nfmf lsth `fi umh f`lrth ghsthjtl htrhljtl.

Ufr nfjth prþprih, nfjslcui vljklr nlrnh kl \^$ 855.555/mïs lm kijalirf
hkihjthkf phrh mim. Ljtîf lssls jlcþnifs `frhm muitf dunrhtivfs phrh mim. Nfm f
tlmpf, lsnhdli issf phrh umh lquipl kl 1 nhrhs vljkljkf tfkfs fs mlsls. Mhs issf
nfmlãfu h ml klschsthr l h lquipl. @fi jlssl pfjtf qul plrnlgi qul sl lu
simpdlsmljtl ljsijhssl h ldls nfmf `hzlr f qul lu `hzih, pfklrih nfgrhr thdvlz um
tlrãf kf qul jfrmhdmljtl chjahrih, mhs pfklrih houkhr nljtljhs kl hnhklmihs pfr
mïs lm vlz kl fitf. L, lu pfklrih `hzlr tukf kfrmijkf jh mijah prþprih nhmh tfkhs hs jfitls.
Mijah prfmlssh `fi ùjkhmljthdmljtl h mlsmh? ljnalrli suh hnhklmih lm >5

kihs. @fi simpdlsmljtl f nfmf l f qul lu ìz qul mukfu. F nfmf l f qul é f qul
lsthmfs jfs slphrhjkf.
Hf nfjvlrshr nfm lmprlsèrifs sfgrl slu mfkldf, kicf h ldls phrh nrihr `duxf kl
nhixh ljtrlchjkf lm lxnlssf jf ijínif. Lm slcuikh, usl f `duxf kl nhixh phrh
nfrricir suhs fplrhãüls l tfrjhr slu jlcþnif mhis lìniljtl. Lstl prfnlssf kl rlvisîf
pfkl slr ghsthjtl simpdls. [hdvlz vfnï jlm prlnisl mukhr f qul f`lrlnl. Pfnï
pfkl hnhghr nrihjkf sistlmhs qul nrihm f mlsmf vhdfr phrh f ndiljtl, mhs nusthm
sicjiìnhtivhmljtl mljfs rlnursfs.
Lm ÿdtimh hjèdisl, é hssim qul hs lmprlshs vljnlm umhs ås futrhs. Nfmprlljklr issf
slrè impfrthjtl å mlkikh qul vfnï lsnhdh slu jlcþnif.
Hcfrh qul lsthgldlnlmfs h impfrtçjnih kf ùdnrf l nfmf hgfrkhr f lquidígrif kl vljkhs
l numprimljtf klskl f ijínif, vhmfs hgfrkhr hs kuhs ÿdtimhs lthphs kh nrihãîf kl jfssh
f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm. Uhrh rlnhpitudhr rhpikhmljtl, dlmgrl-sl kl qul hgfrkhmfs h
ikljtiìnhãîf kfs rlsudthkfs kfs sfjafs (phssf um), disthjkf prfgdlmhs (phssf kfis) l
kltlrmijhjkf sfduãüls (phssf trïs).
Lthph #; Nril slus vlínudfs kl ljtrlch kl sfduãüls ("F nfmf")
F prþximf phssf é pljshr lm tfkhs hs nfishs qul vfnï pfklrih `hzlr phrh rlsfdvlr nhkh
um klssls prfgdlmhs qul vfnï ikljtiìnfu. Lstl é f phssf mhis impfrthjtl jlstl prfnlssf.
Issf é f qul vfnï vhi ljtrlchr. Istf é f qul vfnï vhi `hzlr fu `frjlnlr lm trfnh kl kijalirf.
Uhrh mhjtlr h nrihtivikhkl lm hdth (pljshmljtf kivlrcljtl), pljsl lm quhdqulr nfish

qul vfnï pfssh `hzlr. Uljsl lm tfkhs hs nfishs qul pfklm humljthr f vhdfr kh suh f`lrth.
[hjtf qul ldls slrihm lstÿpikfs phrh
kich jîf.
F qul vfnï pfklrih `hzlr phrh qul hdcuém kisslssl imlkihthmljtl?
imlkihthmljtl? —[ukf issf6
H sérif6 îm, lstfu kljtrf.”
@hzlr lstl lxlrnínif tfrjhrè slu trhghdaf kl vljklr ^f. Muitf. Mhis `ènid.
Mlsmf sl vfnï ijvljthr hdcf qul jîf lstè rlhdmljtl kispfstf h `hzlr, tukf glm. F
fgoltivf hqui é lmpurrhr slus dimitls l lstimudhr slu nérlgrf h pljshr lm umh vlrsîf
ki`lrljtl kh sfduãîf qul vfnï jfrmhdmljtl ushrih nfmf phkrîf.
É hqui qul vfnï pfkl lxlrnithr suh nrihtivikhkl lmprlljkl
lmprlljklkfrh.
kfrh.
Dlmgrltl? vfnï sþ prlnish `hzlr issf umh vlz. Ditlrhdmljtl umh vlz phrh um prfkutf
qul pfkl kurhr hjfs. Lstl é um trhghdaf kl hdtf vhdfr l hdth hdhvhjnhclm. Pfnï hnhgh sljkf
phcf phrh pljshr. Pfnï tlm issf. Issf klvl slr kivlrtikf. Pè lm `rljtl l distl tfkhs hs suhs
pfssigidikhkls hcfrh. Ljtîf lu vfu dlvè-df htrhvés kf mlu lxlmpdf. Pfu hpljhs ushr f
prfgdlmh kl nfmprh kl hdimljtfs kl hjtls nfmf um lxlmpdf. Lu cfstf kl hcruphr hs nfishs
pfr quhjths plssfhs lu vfu ljtrlchr lssh nfish phrh
kl umh vlz sþ.
Mijah disth lstè hghixf. L jf ìjhd, lu kli h vfnïs mlus —nþkicfs kl trhphãh” sfgrl nfmf lu
pljsf jissf phrh slr hijkh mhis nrihtivf.
Urfgdlmh? nfmprhr nfmikh shukèvld é ki`ínid, nfjùsf l lu jîf vfu

Cfstf kissf
^l lu quislssl `frjlnlr umh sfduãîf ijkivikuhd, pfklrih f`lrlnlr . . .
8. Nfmprhs prlsljnihis kl suplrmlrnhkf, fjkl dlvf ndiljtls å dfoh l
ljsijè-dfs h `hzlr nfmprhs
7. Disth kl nfmprhs plrsfjhdizhkh, fjkl ljsijf h `hzlr h disth. >. ^lrviãf nfmpdltf kl
nfmprhs, fjkl nfmprf h nfmikh phrh ldls. Jþs lsthmfs
`hdhjkf 855 pfr nljtf `litf phrh ldls.
;. Friljthãîf prlsljnihd (jîf jh dfoh), fjkl lu ljsijf f qul nfmprhr <. ûpfrtl kl tlxtf
kurhjtl hs nfmprhs, fjkl lu fs houkf sl ìnhrlm prlsfs
ir ås nfmprhs phrh `frjlnlr friljthãîf l hpfif
^l lu quislssl `frjlnlr umh sfduãîf phrh plquljfs crupfs, lu pfklrih f`lrlnlr. . .
8. Nfmprhs kl suplrmlrnhkf plssfhdmljtl, fjkl ljnfjtrf um mfjtl kl plssfhs l
dlvè-dfs tfkfs ås nfmprhs phrh si
7. Disth kl nfmprhs plrsfjhdizhkh, fjkl ljsijf um mfjtl kl cljtl h `hzlr suhs disths
slmhjhis. Lu pfklrih `hzlr issf umh vlz fu tfkh slmhjh, sl lu quislssl.
>. Nfmprf nfmikh phrh ldls, fjkl lu nfmprf slus mhjtimljtfs l

ljtrlcè-dfs thmgém
;. Friljthãîf prlsljnihd, fjkl ljsijf h um plquljf crupf lxtlrjf f qul `hzlr
`hzlr (jîf jh dfoh)
^l lu quislssl `frjlnlr umh sfduãîf kl um phrh muitfs, lu pfklrih f`lrlnlr. . .

8. [fur virtuhd kl nfmprhs hf vivf, fjkl pfssf trhjsmitir hf vivf f qul lstfu ijkf
htrhvés kh mlrnlhrih phrh tfkfs fs mlus jfvfs ndiljtls l klixè-dfs `hzlr plrcujths
hf vivf 7. [fur kl mlrnlhrih crhvhkf, fjkl lu pfssf nfmprhr umh vlz, crhvhr l
klpfis
khr nfmf pfjtf kl rl`lrïjnih h phrtir klssl pfjtf phrh mlus ndiljtls hssistirlm pfr
nfjth prþprih
>. Nhdnudhkfrh kl suplrmlrnhkf KIY, fjkl nrif umh `lrrhmljth nfmphrtidaèvld fu
mfstrf h ldls nfmf ushr umh `lrrhmljth phrh nhdnudhr suh disth kl nfmprhs
;. Disths pré-kltlrmijhkhs, fjkl nhkh pdhjf kl ndiljtl vlm nfm suh prþprih disth kl nfmprhs
phrh nhkh slmhjh. Lu pfklrih `hzlr issf hjtls kf tlmpf phrh qul ldls tljahm. Ljtîf
ldls pfklrihm usè-df lm slu prþprif tlmpf <. îstlmh kl hmicfs kl suplrmlrnhkf, fjkl
lu pfklrih oujthr tfkfs fs ndiljtls,

nd iljtls, f qul rlhdmljtl jîf dlvh tlmpf, l klixè-dfs ir ås nfmprhs
oujtfs 0. Nhrrijafs kl suplrmlrnhkf pré-`hgrinhkfs phrh

phrh ljtrlch, fjkl lu pfklrih pré
`hãh disths kl nhrrijafs ijsth phrh qul fs ndiljtls pfsshm tlr slus mhjtimljtfs ljtrlculs
å suh pfrth nfm um ndiqul
Nfmf vfnï vï, h disth pfkl rlhdmljtl nfjtijuhr hqui. Issf é hpljhs phrh idustrhr
hs muiths mhjlirhs kl rlsfdvlr um ÿjinf prfgdlmh.
Hcfrh `hãh issf phrh tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs plrnlgikfs qul slus ndiljtls ljnfjtrhm hjtls, klpfis
l kurhjtl h lxplriïjnih nfm slus slrviãfs/prfkutfs. Pfnï klvl tlr umh disth kl mfjstrfs hté f ìjhd
kissf.
Nþkicfs kl `rhukl kl ljtrlch kl
prfkutfs F qul é issf6 Pfnï lstè tljkf prfgdlmhs phrh slr nrihtivf6 Lu vfu khr h vfnïs fs
nþkicfs kl trhphãh hcfrh, mhis fu mljfs nfmf lu ìz nfm f lxlmpdf kf tiofdf? —f tiofdf pfkl slr furf,
fu pdèstinf, fu tlr gurhnfs, fu slr um dlcf, ltn.”
Hqui lstîf mlus —nþkicfs kl trhphãh” phrh vhrihãîf/hprimfrhmljtf kf prfkutf l um visuhd phrh
klthdahr f prfnlssf phrh vfnï kf mlu klnb kl nfjsudtfrih?

8. Xul jívld kl htljãîf plssfhd qulrf f`lrlnlr6 um h um,

plquljf crupf, um phrh
muitfs 7. Xul jívld kl ls`frãf sl lsplrh kldls6 @hãh vfnï mlsmf (KIY) -
klsnugrh nfmf `hzlr pfr nfjth prþprih2 `hãh nfm ldls (KSY) - vfnï
ljsijh h `hzlr2 `litf pfr ldls (K@Y) - vfnï `hz pfr ldls
>. ^l lstivlr `hzljkf hdcf hf vivf, lm qul hmgiljtl fu mlif qulrf ljtrlchr6
Ulssfhd, supfrtl pfr tldl`fjl, supfrtl pfr l-mhid, supfrtl pfr tlxtf, supfrtl
_ffm, supfrtl pfr naht ;. ^l lstivlr `hzljkf umh crhvhãîf, nfmf qulrf
qul ldls h nfjsumhm6 Èukif,
víklf fu lsnritf.
<. Nfm qul rhpiklz qulrlmfs rlspfjklr6 Lm qul kihs6 kurhjtl f qul
afrhs6 7;/3. 9-<, kljtrf kl < mijutfs, kljtrf kl umh afrh, kljtrf kl 7; afrhs6
0. [lstl kl 85x h 8/85 . ^l mlus ndiljtls ml phchsslm 85x mlu prlãf (fu
$ 855.555) f qul lu `frjlnlrih6 ^l ldls ml phchsslm 8/85 kf prlãf l lu
tivlssl qul tfrjhr mlu prfkutf mhis vhdifsf kf qul oè é, nfmf lu `hrih issf6
Nfmf lu hijkh pfklrih tfrjè-dfs glm sunlkikfs phrh
8/85 kf prlãf6 Lstiqul suh mljtl lm quhdqulr kirlãîf l vfnï ljnfjtrhrè

sfduãüls muitf ki`lrljtls.
Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, nfmf lu pfklrih rlhdmljtl ljtrlchr lsshs sfduãüls qul

lstfu hìrmhjkf qul `frjlnlrli. @hãh issf phrh nhkh prfgdlmh pfrqul hs sfduãüls kl
um prfgdlmh dal khrîf iklihs phrh futrfs qul vfnï jfrmhdmljtl jîf nfjsiklrhrih.
Dlmgrl-sl, é impfrthjtl qul vfnï rlsfdvh tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs. Lu jîf pfssf tl

kizlr h quhjtikhkl kl vlzls qul um ÿjinf itlm sl tfrjh h rhzîf pldh quhd hdcuém jîf
nfmprh.
Hjlkfth? Ufr qul klvlmfs rlsfdvlr tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs plrnlgikfs
Xuhjkf lu lsthvh vljkljkf plrkh kl plsf, ijsisti qul hs plssfhs prlphrhsslm tfkh h nfmikh lm nhsh.
Hnali muitf ki`ínid houkhr fs ndiljtls h plrklr plsf quhjkf nfmihm `frh pfrqul slmprl lstrhchvhm suhs
kilths. Lm vlz kl rlsfdvlr f prfgdlmh, ijsisti qul ìzlsslm kf mlu olitf, fu jhkh. Nfmf rlsudthkf, plrki
muiths vljkhs.
\m mïs lu rlhdmljtl prlnishvh `hzlr hdcumhs vljkhs phrh phchr f hduculd. Mijah prþximh vljkh ljtrfu
pldh pfrth - lrh um lxlnutivf kl jlcþnifs prfnurhjkf plrklr plsf. Xuhjkf ljtrhmfs jh hprlsljthãîf kl
vljkhs, ldh ml kissl qul f prfcrhmh jîf ùjnifjhrih phrh ldh pfrqul ldh shíh phrh hdmfãhr tfkfs fs kihs.
Jfrmhdmljtl, lu tlrih plrkikf lsth vljkh. Lu lrh um kl`ljsfr kl `hzlr hs plssfhs jîf nfmlrlm `frh. Mhs
lu rlhdmljtl prlnishvh kf kijalirf. Wlnushjkf-ml h plrklr h vljkh pfr nhush kissf , hkmiti? —Pfu `hzlr kl
vfnï um cuih kl hdimljthãîf phrh quhjkf `fr h rlsthurhjtls, phrh qul vfnï pfssh nfmlr 855% kf tlmpf l
hijkh htijcir suh mlth.
Nfmf issf sfh6” Ldh nfjnfrkfu l lu `lnali h vljkh.
Hprfvlitli phrh `hzlr um cuih kl hdimljthãîf phrh ldh. Mhs h phrtir klssl pfjtf lm kihjtl, slmprl qul
hdcuém kizih —mhs qul thd nfmlr `frh66” Lu tijah h sfduãîf.
Nfm f tlmpf, nfjtijuli rlsfdvljkf fgstènudfs nfm tlmpdhtls l trlijhmljtfs hté qul jîf afuvlssl mhis
—nfishs ÿjinhs” phrh implkir mijahs vljkhs. Lssh diãîf ml hnfmphjah hté afol.
Jîf sloh rfmçjtinf sfgrl nfmf vfnï qulr rlsfdvlr f prfgdlmh. Ljnfjtrl umh mhjlirh kl rlsfdvlr tfkfs fs
prfgdlmhs qul um ndiljtl lm pftljnihd hprlsljth. Xuhjkf vfnï `hz issf, vfnï `hz umh f`lrth tîf gfh qul hs
plssfhs simpdlsmljtl jîf nfjslculm kizlr jîf. L é issf qul lsthmfs nfjstruijkf hqui.
Jfth? Pfnï klvl rlsfdvlr tfkfs fs fgstènudfs qul um nfmprhkfr hnrlkith qul tlrè phrh nfjvlrtlr h mhifr
quhjtikhkl kl plssfhs. Issf jîf qulr kizlr qul sl vfnï jîf ìzlr issf, vfnï jîf vhi vljklr hs plssfhs.
Kl olitf jljaum. Mhs vfnï jîf vljklrè thjths plssfhs quhjtf pfklrih vljklr. L lssl é f fgoltivf, vljklr
f mhifr jÿmlrf kl plssfhs, pldf mhifr prlãf pfssívld, nfm h mhifr mhrclm pfssívld.
Uhssf #<? [rim & ^thnb

Hcfrh qul ljumlrhmfs jfsshs sfduãüls pftljnihis, tlrlmfs umh disth cichjtlsnh. Lm
slcuikh, hjhdisf f nustf kl `frjlnlr lsshs sfduãüls phrh mim (f jlcþnif). Lu rlmfvf
primlirf fs qul sîf kl hdtf nustf l ghixf vhdfr. Ljtîf lu rlmfvf itljs kl ghixf nustf l
ghixf vhdfr.
^l vfnï jîf tivlr nlrtlzh kf qul é hdtf vhdfr, phssl pldh lquhãîf kl vhdfr l
plrcujtl h si mlsmf quhd klsshs nfishs lssh plssfh?
8. Phdfr ìjhjnlirf 7.
@hãh nfm qul ldls hnrlkitlm qul prfvhvldmljtl tlrîf sunlssf
>. @hãh nfm qul sijthm qul pfklm `hzlr issf nfm muitf mljfs ls`frãf l
shnri`ínif
;. Houkl-fs h htijcir slu fgoltivf l vloh f rlsudthkf qul klslohm nfm
muitf mljfs ijvlstimljtf kl tlmpf.
F qul klvl plrmhjlnlr sîf itljs kl f`lrth qul slohm 8) kl ghixf nustf, hdtf vhdfr l
7) hdtf nustf, hdtf vhdfr.
Lxlmpdf? Kichmfs qul lu ùi mfrhr nfm hdcuém l ìz nfmprhs, ml lxlrnitli l nfzijali
phrh ldls. Ldls prfvhvldmljtl hnrlkithrihm qul klìjitivhmljtl plrklrihm plsf. Mhs jîf
lstfu kispfstf h `hzlr issf pfr quhdqulr quhjtih kl kijalirf qul jîf sloh um zidaîf kl
kþdhrls.
H prþximh plrcujth é? lxistl umh vlrsîf mljfr klssh lxplriïjnih
qul pfssf ljtrlchr lm lsnhdh6
Hpljhs kï um phssf phrh très kl nhkh vlz hté nalchr h hdcf qul tljah um nfmprfmissf
kl tlmpf fu nustf nfm f quhd vfnï lstloh kispfstf h vivlr (fu, fgvihmljtl, humljtl
mhssivhmljtl slu prlãf phrh qul vhdah h pljh phrh vfnï - fu sloh, f zidaîf kl kþdhrls
phrh vivlr nfm hdcuém).
^l aè um tipf kl vlínudf kl ljtrlch phrh `fnhr, ldl lstè nrihjkf sfduãüls kl hdtf vhdfr,
—um phrh muitfs”. Lstls slrîf fs qul jfrmhdmljtl tïm
h mhifr kisnrlpçjnih ljtrl nustf l vhdfr. Ufr lxlmpdf, hjtls kl nfmlãhr mijah primlirh
hnhklmih, lu tijah um jlcþnif kl trlijhmljtf fjdijl. Nrili um plquljf hpdinhtivf kl pdhjidah
kf Lxnld qul, hpþs ijslrir tfkfs fs fgoltivfs kl hdcuém, clrhvh hutfmhtinhmljtl mhis kl 855
rl`liãüls plr`lithmljtl hklquhkhs ås suhs jlnlssikhkls kl mhnrfjutriljtls l nhdfrihs. Mldafr
hijkh, klpljkljkf kl quhis rl`liãüls ldls sldlnifjhsslm, kirih h ldls f qul ldls prlnishvhm
nfmprhr jf suplrmlrnhkf lm quhjtikhkls lxhths l nfmf prlphrè-dfs h crhjld phrh suhs
quhjtikhkls lxhths. Dlvli nlrnh kl 855 afrhs phrh mfjthr tukf. Mhs h phrtir klssl pfjtf, vljki
pdhjfs kl hdimljthãîf vlrkhklirhmljtl plrsfjhdizhkfs pfr prlãfs muitf nhrfs, mhs ldls ml
dlvhrhm hpljhs nlrnh kl 8< mijutfs phrh `hzlr. Phdfr hdtf. Ghixf nustf.
Lssls tipfs kl sfduãüls lxiclm um hdtf nustf ÿjinf kl nrihãîf, mhs um ls`frãf hkinifjhd
ijìjithmljtl ghixf klpfis. (@yi - É lxhthmljtl pfr issf qul f sf`twhrl sl tfrjh tîf vhdifsf).
Issf jîf sicjiình qul vfnï jujnh qulirh `hzlr hdcf lm um plquljf crupf fu mfkldf
ijkivikuhd. Hìjhd, `hãf 8-fj-8 nfm tfkfs fs NLFs kh mijah lmprlsh kl pfrt`þdif qul houkhmfs
h lsnhdhr mhis kl \^$ >5 midaüls. Pfnï sþ qulr tlr nlrtlzh kl shdvhr lssls itljs kl hdtf nustf
hpljhs phrh crhjkls hcrlchãüls kl vhdfr. ^l vfnï hnah qul pfkl fgtlr f mlsmf vhdfr nfm
umh hdtlrjhtivh kl nustf mhis ghixf, `hãh issf.
Xuhjkf lu lsthvh hkmijistrhjkf mijah hnhklmih, phssli pfr lstl lxlrnínif l nrili? pdhjths
kl vfduml, um sistlmh kl hdimljthãîf `frh kl nhsh, um cuih kl hdimljthãîf l lxlrnínifs kl
vihclm, pdhjfs kl rl`liãüls phrh nhkh plsf nfrpfrhd l cïjlrf, umh nhdnudhkfrh kl disth kl
nfmprhs, pdhjfs kl rl`liãüls phrh qulgrhr f pdhtû (phrh quhjkf ìnhrhm prlsfs), cuihs kl
nudijèrih rèpikh lm phrnlrih nfm slrviãfs kl prlphrhãîf kl rl`liãüls l ìzlrhm friljthãüls
jutrinifjhis plssfhis nfm nhkh ndiljtl ijkivikuhdmljtl.
Muiths khs sfduãüls —um phrh muitfs” lxiclm mhis trhghdaf ijinihd. \mh vlz nrihkfs, jf
ljthjtf, ldls sl tfrjhm htivfs vhdifsfs qul nrihm vhdfr lm plrpltuikhkl. Phdl h pljh klkinhr
tlmpf phrh nriè-dfs pfrqul ldls nrihrîf umh mhrclm kl dunrf hdth jfs prþximfs hjfs.
Nfjvlrsh rlhd? fs pdhjfs kl rl`liãüls qul ìz phrh mijah

m ijah hnhklmih `frhm ushkfs pfr
mhis kl ;.555 hnhklmihs hcfrh l ditlrhdmljtl nljtljhs kl midahrls kl plssfhs. Ldls sîf
simpdls l `ènlis kl slcuir. Ufrthjtf, ldls `frjlnlrhm um hmpdf rltfrjf phrh h slmhjh fu
kuhs kf tlmpf klkinhkf qul phssli `hzljkf-fs.
`hzljkf-fs.
L sl vfnï tivlr f klslof kl nfjstruir um mfkldf kl jlcþnifs rlpltívld, hdcf qul sloh
lsnhdèvld, lssls htivfs qul vfnï nrihr sl tfrjhrîf h ghsl. Lstl divrf, pfr lxlmpdf, é um htivf
kl hdtf vhdfr l ghixf nustf clrhd. Ndhrf,
Nd hrf, issf ml nusth muitf jf ijínif, mhs nhkh divrf hkinifjhd
qul lu vljkf klpfis kf mlu primlirf ml nusth muitf pfunf l f`lrlnl um vhdfr trlmljkf.
H ljtrlch ìjhd kl hdtf vhdfr Phmfs

rlsumir issf hjtls kl nfjìcurhrmfs jfssh ljtrlch ìjhd kl hdtf vhdfr.
Uhssf #8? Klsnfgrimfs f rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs kf jfssf ndiljtl lm pftljnihd.

Uhssf #7? Disthmfs tfkfs fs fgstènudfs qul ldls prfvhvldmljtl ljnfjtrhrîf
lm slu nhmijaf (jfsshs fpfrtujikhkls kl vhdfr).
Uhssf #>? Disthmfs tfkfs lssls fgstènudfs nfmf sfduãüls.
Lthph ;? klsnfgrimfs tfkhs hs ki`lrljtls mhjlirhs kl ljtrlchr
lsshs sfduãüls.
Uhssf #<h? Wlkuzimfs lssls nhmijafs hpljhs phrh hs nfishs qul lrhm kl mhifr
vhdfr l mljfr nustf phrh jþs.
[ukf f qul tlmfs h `hzlr hcfrh é…
Uhssf #<g? Oujtl tfkfs fs phnftls jf vhdfr hdtf ìjhd

ljtrlcèvld.
Ljtîf vhmfs vfdthr hf lxlmpdf. Plmfs jfsshs plrsplntivhs duthjkf nfm f

^lcul?
@frmhthr Jfth
Pfu lxigir nhkh nfjoujtf kl sfduãîf-prfgdlmh

sfduãîf-prfgdlmh nfmf?
Urfgdlmh ö [lxtf kh sfduãîfö Jfml mhis slxy phrh f phnftl .
Ljtîf, lmghixf, vfnï vlrè f vlínudf kl ljtrlch rlhd (f qul lsthmfs rlhdmljtl
vhi `hzlr pfr ldls/`frjlnlr)
Nfmprhjkf nfmikhö Nfmf hdcuém pfkl nfmprhr nfmikh kl `frmh rèpikh, `ènid l ghrhth ö
îstlmh kl Mlrnlhrih kl Ghrchjah Ij`hdívld . . . Issf lm

lnfjfmizhrè
suh nfmikh
nljtljhs
l dlvhrèkl
mljfs
kþdhrls
tlmpf
pfr kf
mïsqul
suh rftijh kl nfmprhs htuhd (vhdfr kl \^ $ 8.555 pldf kijalirf qul vfnï lnfjfmizhrè h phrtir
klstl pfjtf kl suh vikh)
8. Friljthãîf Jutrinifjhd 8-fj-8 fjkl lxpdinf nfmf ushr…
7. [fur kl mlrnlhrih
rlnfkiìnhkf >. Nhdnudhkfrh kl
suplrmlrnhkf KIY ;. Nhkh pdhjf vlm nfm suh prþprih disth phrh
nhkh slmhjh <. [rlijhmljtf kl nfmprhs kl ghrchjah 0. îstlmh
kl hmicfs kl suplrmlrnhkf 3. Nhrrijafs kl suplrmlrnhkf pré-
`hgrinhkfs phrh ljtrlch 1. L um nalqul -ij vih tlxtf slmhjhdmljtl.
Nfzijahrö Urfjtf lm < mijutfs Cuih kl Nfzijah Fnuphkh kfs Uhis . . . nfmf hdcuém
pfkl nfmlr kl `frmh shukèvld, mlsmf qul jîf tljah tlmpf (vhdfr kl \^$ 055 pfr rlnlglr 755
afrhs pfr hjf kl vfdth - sîf quhtrf slmhjhs kl trhghdaf!)
7. Ijstruãüls kl Urlphrhãîf kl
Wl`liãüls >. Nhdnudhkfrh kl Urlphrhãîf
kl Wl`liãüls KIY ;. Nhkh pdhjf vlm nfm suhs prþprihs ijstruãüls kl prlphrhãîf kl rl`liãüls phrh nhkh
slmhjh
<. îstlmh kl hmicfs kl prlphrhãîf kl
rl`liãüls 0. Cuih kl dhjnals shukèvlis lm mljfs kl <
mijutfs 3. \m pfst slmhjhd qul ldls `hzlm phrh ml mhrnhr phrh `llkghnb
Nfmlrö Ulrsfjhdizhkf Dhmglr fs Klkfs Gfm Udhjf kl Wl`liãüls . . . tîf gfm qul vhi slr
mhis `ènid kl slcuir kf qul nfmlr f qul vfnï nfstumhvh —trhphnlhr” l nusthr mljfs! (vhdfr kl $
<55)

7. Udhjf kl rl`liãüls plrsfjhdizhkf
>. Cuih kl sahbl mhtijhd kl < mijutfs
;. Hdmfãfs lnfjûminfs kl < mijutfs
<. Ohjthrls lnfjûminfs kl < mijutfs
0. Wl`liãüls phrh `hmídihs 3. \mh
imhclm kièrih kl suhs rl`liãüls 1.
Wlujiîf kl `llkghnb ijkivikuhd phrh `hzlr houstls lm slu pdhjf (l
upsldd-dfs)
Lxlrnínif ö Lxlrnínifs kl qulimh kl cfrkurh nfmprfvhkfs phrh qulimhr mhis cfrkurh kf
qul `hzï-df sfzijaf. . . housthkf ås suhs jlnlssikhkls phrh qul vfnï jujnh vè muitf rèpikf, pdhtû
fu risnf kl dlsîf (vhdfr kl $ 099)
Pihohrö F mldafr tfm ljquhjtf vfnï vihoh Nfmlr l mhdahr Gdulprijt . . . phrh fgtlr trlijfs
ijnrívlis slm lquiphmljtf phrh qul vfnï jîf sl sijth nudphkf sl kivlrtijkf (vhdfr kl \^ $ 899)
Nfmf rlhdmljtl ìnhr nfm ldlö F sistlmh kl rlspfjshgidikhkl —Jlvlr @hdd F``” . . . f
sistlmh imghtívld qul ùjnifjh slm suh plrmissîf (hté mlsmf plssfhs qul fklihm ir å hnhklmih
ìnhm hjsifshs phrh hphrlnlr) (vhdfr kl \^ $ 8.555)
Nfmf slr sfnihdö F sistlmh kl hdimljthãîf 'Pivh ljquhjtf lmhcrlnl' qul dal khrè h
diglrkhkl kl nfmlr `frh l vivlr h vikh slm sl sljtir nfmf f "afmlm lstrhjaf" (vhdfr kl \^ $ >;9)
Phdfr tfthd? $ ;.><8 (!) [ukf pfr hpljhs $ <99.
Jfth kf hutfr
H mhifrih kl jfsshs ijsthdhãüls hcfrh vljkl lssl phnftl pfr plrífkfs mhis dfjcfs pfr
\^$ 7.;55 h \^$ <.755. ^ldvhclm. Å mlkikh qul mldafrhmfs jh nrihãîf l mfjltizhãîf kl
vhdfr, fs prlãfs l f dunrf kl jfsshs ijsthdhãüls kisphrhrhm. Klpfis kl ijinihr lssl prfnlssf
kl nrihãîf kl vhdfr, nhkh vhdfr hkinifjhd qul vfnï nrih sl hnumudh hf dfjcf kf tlmpf. Ufr issf
é impfrthjtl nfmlãhr.
Pfnï pfkl vlr f quhjtf issf é mhis vhdifsf kf qul umh hnhklmih6
F phnftl `hz trïs nfishs prijniphis?
8. Wlsfdvl tfkfs fs prfgdlmhs plrnlgikfs (jîf hpljhs hdcujs)

7. Kè h vfnï h nfjvinãîf kl qul f qul vfnï lstè vljkljkf é ÿjinf
(muitf impfrthjtl)
>. [frjh impfssívld nfmphrhr fu nfjùjkir suh lmprlsh
l mprlsh fu f`lrth nfm h kh
ruh
\hu! @ijhdmljtl tlmfs f qul vhmfs ljtrlchr lm tfkh h suh cdþrih.

Kitf istf, é imprfvèvld qul f hprlsljtlmfs klsth `frmh. Klpljkljkf sl vljklmfs um phrh
um fu um phrh muitfs, hprlsljthríhmfs issf kl mhjlirh ki`lrljtl. Pfu hgfrkhr nfmf
hprlsljthr nhkh um klssls itljs hcruphkfs jh slãîf kl gûjus (prþximh slãîf).
Ufjtfs Wlsumikfs
Uhsshmfs pfr tfkf lssl prfnlssf phrh htijcir um fgoltivf? nrihr umh f`lrth vhdifsh,
ki`lrljnihkh l ijnhphz kl slr nfmphrhkh h quhdqulr futrh kf mlrnhkf. Lsthmfs vljkljkf
hdcf ÿjinf. Nfmf thd, jîf lsthmfs mhis vijnudhkfs ås `frãhs jfrmhis kl prlniìnhãîf kh
nfmfkitizhãîf.
Hs plrsplntivhs hcfrh hpljhs tfmhrîf umh klnisîf ghslhkh lm vhdfr, l jîf lm prlãf,
sfgrl sl klvlm nfmprhr kl jþs. Pivh!
Hcfrh qul tlmfs jfssh f`lrth prijniphd, h prþximh slãîf slrè klkinhkh h hprimfrè -dh.
Lmprlchrlmfs umh nfmgijhãîf kl hdhvhjnhs psinfdþcinhs? gûjus, urcïjnih, lsnhsslz,
chrhjtihs l jfmljndhturh.
Grijkl #0? [utfrihd GÛJ\^? Nrihãîf kl F`lrths Uhrtl II?
^l vfnï quislr hnfmphjahr f prfnlssf kl nfrtl l lmpidahmljtf kl mhximizhãîf kl dunrf

nfmicf hf vivf, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs l sldlnifjl —Nrlhtijc F``lrs Uhrt 7”. Pfnï
thmgém ljnfjtrhrè hdcumhs disths kl vlriìnhãîf qul ìz phrh tfrjhr lssl prfnlssf mhis simpdiìnhkf
phrh vfnï, phrh qul vfnï pfssh rlutidizhr phrh nhkh prfkutf qul ìzlr. Nfmf slmprl, é tfthdmljtl crhtuitf.
Hprfvlithr.
^LÃÎF IP? MLDAFWHJKF ^\H F@LW[H

L^NH^^L_, \WCÏJNIH, GÛJ\^, CHWHJ[IH^ L

JFMLHÃÎF
H\MLJ[HW H F@LW[H? L^NH^^L_, \WCÏJNIH,
GÛJ\^, CHWHJ[IH^ L JFML^
”
"Mhs lsplrl . . . aè mhis, sl vfnï plkir afol.. .
‛ [FKF IJ@FMLWNIHD
IJ@FMLWNIHD JF^ HJF^ 95
Mhif kl 7589. Nhsh kl Hrjfdk ^nawhrzljlcclr.
klpfis kh lsnfdh Hdd ^thrs @ujkrhislr. H ìdh kl nhrrfs kf dhkf kl `frh kf Hrjfdk's
\MH nhsh lsthvh hf virhr kh lsquijh. . . l lstèvhmfs lm um kldls. Jþs
lstèvhmfs sljthkfs lm jfssf \glr quhjkf um slcurhjãh nfm `fjl kl fuvikf, tlrjf prltf
l þnudfs lsnurfs ghtlu jh ohjldh kf mftfristh. Uhrlnih shíkf kl um ìdml.
F mftfristh ghixfu h ohjldh. "Jfml6" —Hdlx l Dlidh

Afrmfzi.”
Ldl lxhmijfu h disth lm suh prhjnalth, hnljfu nfm h nhglãh, ljtîf mhrnfu jfssfs
jfmls. "Þtimf", kissl ldl. ^lu nfmpfrthmljtf phssfu kl slvlrf phrh nfjvikhtivf.
—Glm-vijkf å hrrlnhkhãîf kl ùjkfs. @iqul jlsth dijah. Pfnï vhi virhr å lsqulrkh, ljtîf h
slcurhjãh irè lsnfdtè-df pldf rlstf kf nhmijaf.”
F slcurhjãh `hdfu lm slu whdbil-thdbil phrh f prþximf pfstf jh lstrhkh, sijhdizhjkf
qul jfssf nhrrf `fi hprfvhkf.
Lsthr jh `rljtl kh prfprilkhkl lrh nfmf ljtrhr lm um ìdml kl Gfjk.

Dhmgfrcaijis, Guchttis, @lrrhris l mhrnhs kl nhrrfs nhrfs klmhis phrh sl `hdhr. Nhrhs vldafs
nfm chrfths ofvljs l slmijuhs. Htfrls kh disth H.
Nldlgrikhkls nfm midaüls kl slcuikfrls qul lsthvhm sl crhvhjkf quhjkf nalchrhm,
`hdhjkf nfm slus ipafjls phrh f pÿgdinf. L jþs.
H hrrlnhkhãîf kl ùjkfs `fi kl \^$ 7<.555 pfr ijcrlssf, nfm umh disth kl nfjvikhkfs
kl hpljhs 855. Afuvl um thpltl vlrmldaf l tukf. [fkfs fs hjfs, h hrrlnhkhãîf kl ùjkfs
nudmijfu lm um crhjkl dlidîf kl rlnfrkhãüls l itljs qul hdcujs kfs lmprlsèrifs jh pdhtéih
kfhvhm phrh nhrikhkl.
Hjkhmfs pfr hí fdahjkf phrh hs lsthãüls kl ljtrltljimljtf nrihkhs prfpfsithkhmljtl
phrh klixhr fs kfhkfrls nfm —aumfr kl kfhãîf”. Pimfs uísquls kl \^$ 85.555. . . $ <55
. mlsls klpfis.
nahrutfs. . itljs pré-dhjãhkfs kl crhjkls
L, ndhrf,
mhrnhs
h nfzijah
qul jîf
mhislsthrihm
nhrh qulkispfjívlis
vfnï pfsshhfimhcijhr.
pÿgdinf hté
Dlidh l lu lstèvhmfs hgsfrvljkf tukf.
@fi umh jfitl mhrhvidafsh. Jþs klìjitivhmljtl jfs sljtimfs nfmf nrihjãhs dlchis.
Glj, f NLF kh ijstituiãîf kl nhrikhkl, jfs viu plrkikfs l sl hprfximfu. Ldl ml plcfu
pldf grhãf phrh ml hprlsljthr h hdcujs kfs futrfs kfhkfrls. Lstls lrhm tfkfs afmljs qul
lrhm mhis vldafs kf qul lu l kfhvhm $ 855.555 fu mhis slm pljshr kuhs vlzls.
F afmlm qul ldl ml hprlsljtfu lrh um kfs mhifrls kfhkfrls kh nhrikhkl.
Ldl ahvih nfjstruíkf um jlcþnif kl ofihs l rldþcifs kl hdtf jívld. Lstfu `hdhjkf kl $ 855.555,
$ <55.555, $ 7.555.555 + símgfdfs kl sthtus rhrfs qul hs plssfhs nfmprhm hpljhs phrh
qul futrfs 5,558 pfr nljtf shighm qul plrtljnlm. Ldl ahvih kfhkf mhis kl \^ $ 355.555
lm mlrnhkfrihs nfmf prïmifs phrh f lvljtf kl hrrlnhkhãîf kl ùjkfs jhquldh jfitl.
"Hdlx l Dlidh, nfjalãhm Clfrcl", kissl Glj. —Ldl tlm sikf muitf cljlrfsf nfm slu
tlmpf l kijalirf phrh h nhush. Clfrcl, lstls sîf Hdlx l Dlidh Afrmfzi. Ldls lstîf kfhjkf $
8.555.555 afol å jfitl phrh H^H^. Hnali qul vfnïs kfis sîf gfhs plssfhs l qulrih nfjlnthr
vfnïs kfis.”
—Urhzlr lm nfjalnlr vfnïs kfis,” Clfrcl kissl nfm fdafs nhdmfs l klschsthkfs. Ldl
lsthvh lm slus slssljth l thjtfs hjfs, hdtf l rfgustf. Pfnï pfkih fuvir slu dlstl
gdfqulhr fricljs lm slu sfthqul. Ldl sfhvh nfmf um afmlm qul dutfu nfm ujahs l kljtls phrh
lsthr hqui, mhs suhvizfu slu nfmpfrthmljtf phrh rlujiüls nfmf lsshs. Mhs f ticrl nfm kljtls l
chrrhs plrmhjlnlu sfg h suplr`ínil, prfjtf phrh slr nahmhkf h quhdqulr mfmljtf. Lu sljti qul
ljtljki lssl nhrh.
Glj qulgrfu f cldf. —Ljtîf... Clfrcl `fi qulm ml `lz humljthr f prlãf kl \^$ 8<.555 pfr
ijcrlssf phrh \^$ 7<.555. [ivlmfs mhis klmhjkh kf qul jujnh lstl hjf. Mhs lu slcui f nfjsldaf
kldl. Wlkuzi h quhjtikhkl kl ijcrlssfs qul vljkíhmfs l humljtli fs prlãfs.”
"Issf mlsmf", kissl Clfrcl, shtis`litf pfr slu sègif

s ègif nfjsldaf kl jlcþnifs tlr
`fi slcuikf.
—Xuhjkf h klmhjkh humljth, nfrtl h f`lrth.” Ldl sl hjimfu um pfunf ljquhjtf jþs
`hdfu sfgrl kijalirf.
Lssl afmlm nfjstruiu slu jlcþnif kf jhkh l ljnfjtrfu mhjlirhs kl vljklr nfishs pfr dunrfs
lxtrhfrkijèrifs, ljtljkljkf h psinfdfcih aumhjh. Aè muitf lu hprljki sfgrl f`lrth l klmhjkh, mhs
lssl nhrh lsthvh ushjkf slus ùjkhmljtfs psinfdþcinfs phrh hdimljthr umh hrrlnhkhãîf kl ùjkfs.
Pfnï pfkl tirhr f ticrl kh sldvh, mhs jîf h sldvh kf ticrl.
Hs plssfhs qulrlm f qul jîf pfklm tlr. Hs plssfhs qulrlm f qul hs futrhs plssfhs qulrlm.
Hs plssfhs qulrlm nfishs qul hpljhs hdcujs pfunfs tïm hnlssf. Ldl lsthvh mfrtf nlrtf.
Ldls ahvihm hrrlnhkhkf mhis um midaîf kl kþdhrls jhquldh jfitl, hjtls mlsmf kf ijínif kf lvljtf,
nfrthjkf h f`lrth kl ijcrlssfs l humljthjkf fs prlãfs. Hdém kissf, tfkhs hs plssfhs lsthvhm mhis
quhdiìnhkhs kf qul jujnh phrh slrlm crhjkls kfhkfrls. H jfitl hnhgfu sljkf h jfitl kl mhifr
sunlssf jh aistþrih kh nhrikhkl, dlvhjthjkf quhsl \^$ <.;55.555 kl hpljhs 855 plssfhs (issf é
\^$ <;.555 pfr nhglãh!).
Nhkh um kfs itljs `fi dlidfhkf nfmf um itlm ÿjinf. L sl vfnï plrklssl, jujnh mhis tlrih h nahjnl
kl nfmprè-df. Hrjfdk hté ofcfu hdcujs gûjus quhjkf kuhs plssfhs nfjslcuisslm hdth f suìniljtl
jfs dhjnls, plrmitijkf qul h ijstituiãîf kl nhrikhkl rlnlglssl hs kuhs kfhãüls.
@fi umh klmfjstrhãîf mhcistrhd kh psinfdfcih aumhjh lm hãîf lm um hmgiljtl fjkl hs
plssfhs lsthvhm phchjkf nfjsniljtlmljtl klmhis pldfs prfkutfs. Fs prfkutfs

plrmhjlnlu ijhdtlrhkf, mhs kljtrf klssh nfjìcurhãîf, um itlm qul jîf slrih vljkikf
lm um dfnhd ki`lrljtl pfr \^$ 85.555 `fi vljkikf pfr \^$ 855.555. É hssim qul h lsnhsslz,
h urcïjnih l fs gûjus sîf pfklrfsfs. L klthdahr nfmf usè-dfs phrh humljthr hijkh mhis h
klmhjkh pfr suh f`lrth, slm hdtlrhr suh f`lrth, é f fgoltivf klsth slãîf.
Jfth kf hutfr - futrfs pfklrls kl plrsuhsîf

lm ofcf Lsnhsslz, urcïjnih, gûjus l chrhjtihs jîf `frhm hs ÿjinhs
`lrrhmljths kl plrsuhsîf lmprlchkhs phrh fgtlr prlãfs lxfrgithjtls jf
ùjkrhislr. Ldls thmgém ushrhm nfmprfmissf l nfjsistïjnih, sthtus, prlssîf kfs
nfdlchs, gfh vfjthkl, ljkfssf kl nldlgrikhkls, nfmpltiãîf, ltn. f`lrth” l mljfs
nfm h —vljkh” rlhd, sfgrl h quhd `hdhrli lm prfùjkikhkl lm Hquisiãîf? Pfduml IP
Pljkhs kl \^$ 855 midaüls.
H kldinhkh khjãh kf klslof

@ujkhmljthdmljtl, tfkf mhrbltijc lxistl phrh ij`duljnihr h nurvh kl f`lrth

l klmhjkh. Humljthmfs hrtiìnihdmljtl h klmhjkh pfr jfssfs prfkutfs l
slrviãfs pfr mlif kl hdcum tipf kl nfmujinhãîf plrsuhsivh. Xuhjkf humljthmfs
h klmhjkh, pfklmfs vljklr mhis ujikhkls. Xuhjkf kimijuímfs h f`lrth,
pfklmfs vljklr lsshs ujikhkls pfr mhis kijalirf. H —nfmgijhãîf plr`lith kl
dunrf” é muith klmhjkh l muitf pfunh f`lrth, fu f`lrth plrnlgikh . F prfnlssf
kl hprimfrhmljtf kl suh f`lrth prijniphd é prfolthkf phrh `hzlr hs kuhs nfishs?
humljthr h klmhjkh l kimijuir h f`lrth plrnlgikh phrh qul vfnï pfssh vljklr
fs mlsmfs prfkutfs pfr mhis kijalirf kf qul pfklrih l lm vfdumls mhifrls
kf qul `hrih kl futrh `frmh (kurhjtl um plrífkf mhis dfjcf Afrizfjtl tlmpfrhd).
Jfth kf hutfr?
Issf prlssupül um jlcþnif rlcudhr qul jîf lstè tljthjkf chjahr pljltrhãîf jf mlrnhkf kl mhssh
phrh hdcumh futrh vhjthclm lstrhtécinh.
F klslof vlm kl jîf nfjslcuir f qul vfnï qulr. Jh vlrkhkl, fuvi lsth
nithãîf qul hkfrf kl Jhvhd Whvibhjt? —Klslof é um nfjtrhtf qul vfnï `hz nfm
sl sljtir ij`ldiz hté nfjslcuir f qul klsloh.” ^lcul-sl, pfrthjtf

pfrthjtf,, qul sþ qulrlmfs nfishs qul jîf
tlmfs. Hssim qul fs tlmfs, jfssf klslof pfr ldls klshphrlnl. Ufrthjtf, sl gusnhmfs humljthr h
klmhjkh (fu klslof), klvlmfs kimijuir fu rlthrkhr h shtis`hãîf kfs klslofs kl jfssfs prfsplnts.
Klvlmfs vljklr mljfs ujikhkls kf qul pfklmfs kl futrh `frmh . Klixl issf sljthr nfm vfnï pfr
um slcujkf.
Nfjsiklrl lstl lxlmpdf. Urfmfvlmfs um wfrbsafp kl kfis kihs qul lstè pfr vir. Urimlirf
sussurrhmfs qul lstè nalchjkf. Ljtîf jþs f prfvfnhmfs nfm hdcujs kfs gljl`ínifs. Ljtîf crithmfs
qul slrè dhjãhkf lm umh slmhjh. Ljtîf, quhjkf dhjãhmfs lstl wfrbsafp ijnrívld. [lmfs kfis
nljèrifs kl f`lrth l klmhjkh?
Nljèrif um? Pljklmfs 85 ujikhkls h $ <55 nhkh (vljklmfs h pirçmikl ijtlirh pldf
prlãf tfkfs kizlm qul sim)
Nljèrif kfis? Pljklmfs kfis wfrbsafps ijkivikuhis kl um kih pfr \^$ <.555 nhkh.
(klsjhthkf jf tfpf kh pirçmikl, nfm 15 pfr nljtf jîf nfmprhjkf)
Phdl h pljh jfthr qul nhkh umh klsshs plrsplntivhs tlm um dimitl kl nfmprh ki`lrljtl. Jh
mijah lxplriïjnih, h klmhjkh pfr slrviãfs jîf é dijlhr. Lm vlz kissf, klsnfgri qul h klmhjkh é
`rhnthd (15/75). Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, um quijtf kfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd lstè kispfstf h phchr nijnf
vlzls f prlãf (fu mhis).

Jf lxlmpdf, pfssf tlr klz plssfhs kispfsths h phchr \^$ <55, mhs kuhs
kldhs kispfsths h phchr \^$ <.555. Ljtîf, lu `hrih mhis, tlrih nustfs mhis ghixfs
(mhis dunrfs), `frjlnlrih mhis vhdfr l humljthrih h klmhjkh jh ghsl kl
prfsplntfs rlsthjtls vljkljkf mljfs ujikhkls. Uljsl lm nfmf slrih f nljèrif
lxndusivf um vlrsus f nljèrif kfis . Uljsl lm tfkhs hs plssfhs qul cfsthrihm
kl nfmprhr, mhs jîf nfjslcuirihm. Issf humljthrih fu kimijuirih slu klslof6
Issf humljthrih, é ndhrf.
Hdém kissf, sl hs plssfhs virlm qul futrfs qul 'nfjslcuirhm ljtrhr' lstîf
hkfrhjkf, issf humljthrih hijkh mhis slu klslof. L kh prþximh vlz, ldls hcirihm
nfm mhis urcïjnih l lsthrihm kispfstfs h phchr mhis pldh mlsmh nfish kf qul
fricijhdmljtl ìzlrhm. Ljtîf hcfrh, hpþs f jfssf slcujkf nljèrif, hijkh tlmfs
fitf plssfhs qul tïm klslofs ijshtis`litfs. Issf humljth hijkh mhis f klslof
kldls. L phrh nfmlãhr, hcfrh tlmfs jfvfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd qul jîf lsthvhm
jf crupf fricijhd qul hcfrh qulrlm f qul tlmfs.
Jh prþximh vlz qul prfmfvlrmfs f nljèrif kfis, hgrimfs trïs vhchs pldf
mlsmf prlãf l vljklmfs tfkhs (hijkh klixhjkf hdcumhs plrsplntivhs nfm
klmhjkh rlprimikh!). Lstl é um tlmh nfjtíjuf.
Ufr futrf dhkf, sl prfmfvïsslmfs f nljèrif um jfvhmljtl (f prlãf kl \^$ <55),

prfvhvldmljtl vljklríhmfs mljfs sdfts jh slcujkh vlz. Ufr quï6
Jîf tlmfs klmhjkh rlprimikh. [fkf klslof `fi shtis`litf. Xuhjkf vfnï —puxh f chtidaf
nlkf klmhis”, h nhkh ijstçjnih sunlssivh qul prfmfvlmfs, vljklmfs hijkh mljfs.
Lvljtuhdmljtl, ìnhmfs slm klmhjkh suìniljtl phrh `hzlr umh ÿjinh vljkh. Lstl é f
tristl lsthkf lm qul muiths lmprlshs sl ljnfjtrhm slmprl tljthjkf clrhr mhis
klmhjkh phrh `hzlr futrh vljkh rèpikh.
Dli Afrmfzi? Xuhjtf mhis vfnï htrhsh f plkikf, mhifr f plkikf qul vfnï pfkl
`hzlr. —Xuhjtf mhis dfjch h pisth, mhifr f hviîf qul pfkl klnfdhr.”
Klvlmfs jfs ls`frãhr phrh mhjtlr jfssh f`lrth (l shtis`hãîf kf klslof) sfg h
klmhjkh qul sfmfs nhphzls kl clrhr. Issf mhximizh fs dunrfs l mhjtém f klslof
vfrhz lm jfssh ghsl kl ndiljtls. Lsth é h vlrkhklirh nahvl phrh jujnh phsshr
p hsshr `fml.
Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
H rhzîf pldh quhd ijtitudli lsth sugslãîf —Khjãh Kldinhkh kf Klslof” é qul
f`lrth l klmhjkh sîf ijvlrshmljtl nfrrldhnifjhkhs (lm tlfrih). ^l vfnï shtisìzlr f

klslof zlrf (`frjlnlr f`lrth zlrf), vfnï jîf chjahrè kijalirf l, lvljtuhdmljtl ,
klixhrè hs plssfhs sl sljtijkf rlolithkhs (Jfth? dlvh muitf mhis tlmpf kf qul vfnï pljsh).
Ufr futrf dhkf, sl vfnï shtisìzlr tfkh h klmhjkh, mhthrè slu chjsf kl furf l jîf
shglrè kl fjkl virè suh prþximh rl`liãîf. Kfmijhr h f`lrth l h klmhjkh vlm kh khjãh
ldlchjtl ljtrl fs kfis. ^l vfnï kfrml nfm slu phrnlirf tfkfs fs kihs, ldl tlm mljfs
klslof kf qul sl vfnï
jîf kurmf nfm ldls aè umh slmhjh. Xulrlmfs h plrsplntivh vfrhz, jîf hpljhs h lxnithkh.
Ufrthjtf, ljtljklr h ijtlrhãîf ljtrl lsshs vhrièvlis é ùjkhmljthd phrh mldafrhr suh f`lrth
l h quhjtikhkl kl dunrfs qul vfnï fgtlrè hf dfjcf kf tlmpf. Hté lstl pfjtf, nfgrimfs tfkhs hs
nfishs kljtrf kl suh f`lrth qul pfklm tfrjè-dh imujl å nfmphrhãîf kl prlãfs l trhjs`frmhr
slrviãfs l prfkutfs rlcudhrls lm nfishs pldhs quhis hs plssfhs ljnfjtrhrîf umh mhjlirh kl
phchr. ^lcul-sl qul h prþximh vhrièvld qul pfkl tfrjhr suh f`lrth mhis klsloèvld é nfmf ldh é
hprlsljthkh. Lm futrhs phdhvrhs, hs vhrièvlis lxtlrjhs qul pfsinifjhm f prfkutf jh mljtl kf
slu ndiljtl pftljnihd. Lsshs `frãhs clrhdmljtl sîf mhis pfklrfshs kf qul suh f`lrth prijniphd.
Jlsth prþximh slãîf Hprimfrhjkf suh f`lrth, mfstrhrli nfmf?
8. \sl h lsnhsslz phrh kimijuir h f`lrth phrh humljthr fs prlãfs (l ijkirlthmljtl
humljthr h klmhjkh pfr mlif kh lxndusivikhkl plrnlgikh)
7. \sl h urcïjnih phrh humljthr h klmhjkh kimijuijkf f dimitl kl hãîf
kl umh plrsplntivh.
>. \sl gûjus phrh humljthr h klmhjkh (l humljthr h lxndusivikhkl
plrnlgikh).
;. \sl chrhjtihs phrh humljthr h klmhjkh rlvlrtljkf f risnf.
<. \sl jfmls phrh lstimudhr jfvhmljtl h klmhjkh l lxphjkir f nfjalnimljtf kh
mijah f`lrth phrh f mlu pÿgdinf-hdvf.
Pfu klìjir nhkh um l, lm slcuikh, khr lxlmpdfs kl nfmf usè-dfs. \shrlmfs tfkhs lsshs
vhrièvlis phrh hprimfrhr jfssh f`lrth l klsdfnhr h nurvh kl klmhjkh lm
jfssf `hvfr, klixhjkf jfssfs ndiljtls slmprl qulrljkf mhis. Nfmlãhrlmfs lstimudhjkf
thtinhmljtl f —mlkf kl plrklr” thmgém nfjalnikf nfmf @FMF htrhvés kh lsnhsslz.

H\MLJ[HJKF H F@LW[H? L^NH^^L_
"Lscfthkf."
^ Nhrikhkl é umh khs `frãhs mhis pfklrfshs l mljfs nfmprlljkikhs phrh

klsgdfqulhr pfklr kl prlãfs idimithkf. ^l vfnï qulr hprljklr h vljklr hr pfr
midaüls kl kþdhrls, ljtîf prlstl htljãîf.
H rhzîf pldh quhd umh hutfrikhkl (nfmf um mékinf), umh nldlgrikhkl (nfmf
Fprha) fu umh hutfrikhkl kl nldlgrikhkls (nfmf Kr.Fz fu Kr.Uaid) pfklm nfgrhr
thxhs lxfrgithjtls é pfr nhush kh klmhjkh impdínith . Hs plssfhs hssumlm qul
aè muith klmhjkh pfr slu tlmpf l, pfrthjtf, jîf umh crhjkl f`lrth. Nfmf
rlsudthkf, klvl slr nhrf.
Kitf istf, é ki`ínid phrh h mhifrih khs lmprlshs ljtljklr nfmf é rlhdmljtl tlr
umh nurvh kl f`lrth l klmhjkh klsicuhd hté qul vfnï h lxplrimljtl. Pfu tljthr
friljtè-df sfgrl nfmf `fi phrh mim h primlirh vlz qul lxplrimljtli, h ìm kl dal khr
um cfstijaf kf pfklr.
Xuhjkf ljtrli jlssl mujkf kl hquisiãüls, vi mlus mljtfrls vljkljkf kihs kl

tlmpf pfr mhis kl \^$ <5.555. Mijah mljtl lxpdfkiu pfr kfis mftivfs. Urimlirf,
pfrqul lu jîf ljtljkih nfmf ldls nfjslcuihm chjahr thjtf kijalirf pfr um ÿjinf
kih. ^lcujkf, pfrqul lu jîf ljtljkih qulm lm sî nfjsniïjnih lsthvh nfmprhjkf.
Nfm f tlmpf, hprljki.
Pfu nfmlãhr nfm f nfmprhkfr. ^l lu tivlr um prfgdlmh rhrf, l klvf rlsfdvlr
lssl prfgdlmh phrh mijah prþprih gusnh kh `ldinikhkl, issf nfjsumirè tfkh h mijah
htljãîf. Uldh jhturlzh kf mlu prfgdlmh slr lsplnihdizhkf, ahvlrè muitf pfunhs
plssfhs qul pfklrîf rlsfdvï-df. Issf sicjiình qul jîf aè umh crhjkl f`lrth kl
sfdunifjhkfrls. Lm muitfs nhsfs, plrnlglrli hpljhs um pfssívld —sfdunifjhkfr” (F`lrth
= 8).
Lstukf kl Nhsf kl Phdfr kh Pikh Wlhd
Aè muiths plssfhs qul pfklm rlsfdvlr f prfgdlmh? nfmf `hãf phrh chjahr $ 85.555 pfr mïs6
Mhs muitf mljfs qulm pfkl rlsfdvlr? nfmf pfssf hkinifjhr \^ $ < midaüls lm dunrf slm hkinifjhr
dijahs kl prfkutfs lxtrhs hf mlu jlcþnif6 (Lstl `fi um prfoltf rlhd qul ml dlvfu 05 mijutfs l rlsudtfu
lm lxhthmljtl \^ $ < midaüls lm dunrf díquikf, hdtlrhjkf diclirhmljtl f mfkldf kl prlãfs kf jlcþnif).
Ufkl-sl kizlr qul f lmprlsèrif ìnfu… —muitf `ldiz” nfm f rlsudthkf kf ljchohmljtf.
Hdém kissf, sl h sfduãîf klssl prfgdlmh hnldlrhr mlu hdnhjnl kl umh mlth
lm um fu kfis hjfs, fu rlsudthr imlkihthmljtl lm nljtljhs kl midahrls kl kþdhrls,
fu midaüls kl kþdhrls, lssh sfduãîf sl tfrjh muitf mhis vhdifsh, jîf é6 Ndhrf qul
sim. L hssim, slcuirih, sl lu puklssl phchr h hdcuém $ <5.555 pfr um kih kl slu
tlmpf, l vlr um humljtf kl $ <55.555 pfr mïs lm rlnlith kljtrf kl trïs mlsls pfr
nhush kfs ijsicats l lstrhtécihs rlvldhkfs, issf slrih um rltfrjf ij`lrjhd kf
ijvlstimljtf, nlrtf6
Ufrthjtf, aè kfis nfmpfjljtls phrh f vhdfr? primlirf, quîf rhrhs sîf hs `fjtls2
slcujkf, f vhdfr rlhd qul lstè sljkf `frjlnikf. F vhdfr l h rhrikhkl sîf nfmpfstfs
phrh nrihr hdcujs dunrfs vlrkhklirhmljtl kl tirhr f `ûdlcf.
Nfjsudtfrls lsplnihdizhkfs rlnlglm midaüls kl kþdhrls phrh rlsfdvlr prfgdlmhs qul

vhdlm klzljhs kl midaüls phrh fs ndiljtls. F ndiljtl phch pfr tfkh h lxplriïjnih l lxplrtisl
kf lsplnihdisth l lvith f nustf kfs lrrfs (tlmpf l kijalirf). Lm sumh, ldls pudhm hs nfishs
ruijs l vîf kirltf phrh hs nfishs gfhs mhis rhpikhmljtl l pfr mljfs kijalirf kf qul nusthrih
klsnfgrir pfr nfjth prþprih. . . gldh trfnh lnfjûminh. umh
Lu plssfhdmljtl lxplrimljtli issf pldh primlirh vlz quhjkf kuhs plssfhs ki`lrljtls ml
f`lrlnlrhm $ <5.555 pfr um kih kf mlu tlmpf klpfis kl `hdhr lm um lvljtf.
Ldls lsthvhm lsnhdhjkf um jlcþnif kl lkunhãîf lm um jinaf (jîf muitf ki`lrljtl kf mlu) l
jîf nfjslcuihm udtrhphsshr h mhrnh kl \^$ 8 midaîf pfr mïs. Nfmf hdcuém qul chjahvh
\^$ 8 midaîf pfr slmhjh jf mlsmf tipf kl jlcþnif (jh épfnh), lu lrh um tipf muitf
lsplníìnf kl plssfh nfm hs nahvls kf prfgdlmh.

Ljtîf f qul hnfjtlnlu, vfnï plrcujth6 [hmgfr rfdf. . . Jîf hnlitli suhs f`lrths.
Ufr quï6 Ufrqul lu lsthvh chjahjkf mhis kl \^$ <5.555 pfr kih kl dunrf nfm mlu
jlcþnifs l jîf qulrih h kistrhãîf.
Jfth kf hutfr?
Hjfs klpfis, nfmlnli h Hnquisitifj.nfm phrh houkhr lsshs mlsmhs plssfhs. Mhs, lm
vlz kl nfgrhr umh thxh kièrih, simpdlsmljtl ml tfrjf um hnifjisth kh lmprlsh phrh
hdijahr nfmpdlthmljtl fs ijtlrlssls kl nurtf l dfjcf prhzf (l hssim pfssf vlr hs
impdlmljthãüls). L nfmf mlu tlmpf é dimithkf pldhs dlis kh `ísinh, phrh tfkfs fs futrfs
hghixf klssh mhrnh kl \^$ > midaüls h \^$ 85 midaüls pfr hjf, `hãf tfkfs lssls
mhtlrihis kl crhãh ?)
Klpfis qul f lvljtf tlrmijfu l lu lsthvh nfjvlrshjkf nfm Dlidh, plrnlgi nfmf kl hdcumh
`frmh ml tfrjli 'umh khquldhs plssfhs qul slmprl ml plrcujtli'.
@fi umh lxplriïjnih muitf surrlhd phrh mim. Lu ìjhdmljtl ljtljki nfmf fs prlãfs prlmium
lrhm rlhdmljtl `litfs. . f`lrth l .klmhjkh
ijnrívld. Pfnï
simpdls.
pfklAètljthr
pfunfìjcir,
qul sugstitui
mhs aè um
umh
tipf
klmhjkh
lsplnihd kl
vigrhãîf —5 `fkh khkf” qul é ki`ínid kl rlpdinhr quhjkf vfnï rlhdmljtl jîf prlnish kf kijalirf
kl umh plssfh (fu mlsmf qulr).

É hssim qul lssls nhrhs pfklm nfgrhr thjtf. . . pfrqul ldls jîf prlnishm kissf. H
plssfh qul prlnish mljfs kh trfnh slmprl tlm h vhjthclm. Lu slmprl tljtf ml dlmgrhr
kissf. É um kfs prijnípifs kl jlcfnihãîf l prlãfs qul mldafr ml slrviu lm mijah vikh.
—Mhs Hdlx, nfmf vfnï vhi ml mfstrhr nfmf ushr h lsnhsslz phrh humljthr h quhjtikhkl
kl plssfhs qul qulrlm mijah f`lrth quhjkf htuhdmljtl jijcuém qulr6” Þtimh plrcujth.
Phmfs hthnhr hdcumhs lstrhtécihs kf mujkf rlhd, jhs trijnalirhs, phrh nrihr lsnhsslz kl
`frmh nfjìèvld .
Nrihjkf Lsnhsslz
Xuhjkf aè um suprimljtf ìxf fu quhjtikhkl kl prfkutfs fu slrviãfs kispfjívlis phrh
nfmprh, issf nrih —lsnhsslz” fu um —mlkf kl plrklr”. Humljth h jlnlssikhkl kl hcir l, pfr
lxtljsîf, nfmprhr suh f`lrth.
É hqui qul vfnï nfmphrtidah pugdinhmljtl qul lstè kistriguijkf hpljhs umh quhjtikhkl Q kl
prfkutfs fu pfkl dikhr hpljhs nfm Y jfvfs ndiljtls.
Ufr lxlmpdf, sl um mÿsinf klixh nhir um mfdltfm kl lkiãîf dimithkh l kiz qul `lz
hpljhs 855 l jujnh mhis slrè `litf, vfnï tlm mhis fu mljfs prfghgidikhkl kl nfmprè-df kf
qul um qul lstè slmprl kispfjívld6 Mhis prfvèvld, jhturhdmljtl. H iklih kl qul vfnï jujnh
pfkl fgtï-df jfvhmljtl f tfrjh mhis klsloèvld.
Lstl é um lxlmpdf kl lsnhsslz. É f mlkf kl plrklr hdcumh nfish. Ldl puxh jfssf mlkf
psinfdþcinf kh plrkh phrh jfs dlvhr h hcir.
Fs slrls aumhjfs lstîf muitf mhis mftivhkfs h hcir phrh hnumudhr um rlnursf lsnhssf
kf qul hcir lm hdcf qul pfklrih houkè -dfs. F mlkf kh plrkh é mhis `frtl kf qul f klslof
kl chjahr. \shrlmfs lssh hdhvhjnh psinfdþcinh phrh `hzlr nfm qul slus ndiljtls nfmprlm
lm `rljlsi, tukf kl umh vlz, hté qul vfnï lstloh lscfthkf.
[rïs tipfs kl lsnhsslz
8. F`lrth Dimithkh kl Duchrls/Phchs? lm clrhd fu kurhjtl Q plrífkf kl tlmpf.

7. F`lrth dimithkh kl gûjus >. Jujnh
mhis kispfjívld.
Mhs nfmf vfnï ush issf nfrrlthmljtl slm slr `hdsf6 Pfu tljthr khr hdcujs lxlmpdfs
kf mujkf rlhd Urfkutfs `ísinfs [lr dhjãhmljtfs dimithkfs é um métfkf tlsthkf l
nfmprfvhkf kl ushr lssl viés psinfdþcinf h slu `hvfr. Pfnï pfkl tlr dhjãhmljtfs
dimithkfs phrh shgfrls, nfrls, klsicjs, thmhjafs, ltn. —Lstl mïs, lsthmfs dhjãhjkf
855 nhixhs kl ghrrhs kl prftlíjh nfm shgfr kl gisnfitf kl nafnfdhtl nfm mljth.” Ufjtf
impfrthjtl? phrh utidizhr hklquhkhmljtl lssl métfkf, vfnï klvl slmprl vljklr.
Hqui lstè f pfrquï? é mldafr vljklr nfjsistljtlmljtl

nfjsistljtlmljtl kf qul plkir klmhis l `hdahr
lm nrihr lssh lsnhsslz. Lstl métfkf hnumudh lm lìnènih sl `fr `litf rlpltikhmljtl hf
dfjcf kf tlmpf (sþ jîf nfm muith `rlquïjnih). \mh vlz pfr mïs phrlnl slr f pfjtf iklhd
phrh h mhifrih khs lmprlshs qul nfjalãf qul `hzlm issf nfm rlcudhrikhkl.
^lcujkh Jfth Impfrthjtl? Hf ushr lssh tètinh, vfnï thmgém klvl ij`frmhr h tfkfs
qul vfnï lscftfu. Issf é phrtl kf qul f `hz ùjnifjhr tîf glm. Klssh `frmh, mlsmf hs
plssfhs qul lsthvhm lm nimh kf murf, quhjkf vllm qul lsthvh lscfthkf, kè umh prfvh
sfnihd kl qul futrhs plssfhs hnahrhm qul vhdlu h pljh.
L hcfrh qul h lsnfdah `fi `lith phrh ldls, ldls h klslohm mhis pfrqul jîf aè nfmf fgtï-
dh. Ljtîf, kh prþximh vlz qul vfnï ìzlr h f`lrth, ldls lsthrîf muitf mhis prfpljsfs h
hnlithr.
Nurifsikhkl? h Nahjld, umh mhrnh qul mhjtém mhrcljs l prlãfs ijshjfs aè mhis kl
um sénudf, é mlstrl kh lsnhsslz. Ldls ljvihm hpljhs 8-7 kl nhkh plãh phrh nhkh dfoh,
ljtîf nhkh dfoh tlm umh sldlãîf ki`lrljtl l nhkh itlm é f ÿdtimf fu f pljÿdtimf itlm lm
lstfqul. Issf plrmitl qul ldls prlniìqulm muitf hnimh kf mlrnhkf l trhjs`frmlm
impudsfs kl nfmprh lm nfmprhs.
^lrviãfs
Nfm slrviãfs, lsplnihdmljtl sl vfnï klsloh fgtlr ndiljtls kl `frmh nfjsistljtl, pfkl
slr um pfunf mhis nfmpdinhkf ushr h lsnhsslz. Mhs vfu mfstrhr hdcumhs mhjlirhs
simpdls kl lmprlchr h lsnhsslz ltinhmljtl phrh humljthr suhs thxhs kl hnlithãîf lm
f`lrths. [fkfs ldls tïm ldlmljtfs slmldahjtls nfm plquljfs houstls. lstfu ljumlrhjkf lssls
pfrqul um kldls pfkl sl ljnhixhr mljthdmljtl jf slu mfkldf kl jlcþnifs mhis kf qul
futrhs.
8. [fthd Gusijlss Nhp - Hnlithjkf hpljhs….Q Ndiljtls. Hnlithjkf hpljhs ndiljtls Q
jlstl jívld kl slrviãf (lm hjkhmljtf). Issf dimith h quhjtikhkl kl ndiljtls qul vfnï htljkl,
mhs thmgém fs mhjtém jldl. Pfnï nrih umh disth kl lsplrh phrh jfvfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd.
Jf mfmljtf lm qul h pfrth sl hgrl, ldls shdthm kirltf l h rlsistïjnih hf prlãf klshphrlnl.
Ulrifkinhmljtl, vfnï pfkl humljthr h nhphnikhkl lm 85-75% l, lm slcuikh, dimitè-dh
jfvhmljtl. Issf ùjnifjh glm phrh slus jívlis mhis hdtfs fu jívlis kl slrviãf.
h) É nfmf kizlr —Mijah hcïjnih sþ htljklrè vijtl l nijnf ndiljtls jf tfthd.
Ulrífkf." Nfm f tlmpf, vfnï pfkl humljthr slus prlãfs l lsprlmlr hs nfjths kl
mljfr klslmpljaf l trhzlr jfvhs nfjths mhis dunrhtivhs, fu vfnï pfkl plrifkinhmljtl
'hgrir sdfts' nfj`frml suh nhphnikhkl plrmitir (slmprl klixhjkf hdcumh klmhjkh jîf
htljkikh).
7. Dimitl kh thxh kl nrlsnimljtf - Hnlithjkf hpljhs Q ndiljtls pfr slmhjh (lm hjkhmljtf)
—Hnlithmfs hpljhs < jfvfs ndiljtls pfr slmhjh l oè tlmfs hs > primlirhs vhchs fnuphkhs.
[ljaf mhis 0 dichãüls lsth slmhjh, ljtîf vfnï pfkl tfmhr h vhch fu umh khs mijahs prþximhs
dichãüls l pfkl lsplrhr hté rlhgrirmfs.” Lu tljaf ushkf lstl métfkf klskl f ijínif kf mlu
jlcþnif. Lu slmprl sfugl quhd lrh h mijah nhphnikhkl pfr slmhjh l simpdlsmljtl fptli pfr
ij`frmhr hfs jfssfs prfsplnts quhjths vhchs hijkh tíjahmfs. Issf sl ghslih jf `htf kl qul
vfnï sþ pfkl dikhr nfm umh nlrth quhjtikhkl kl jfvfs ndiljtls kl quhdqulr mhjlirh, lm umh
ghsl rlcudhr, ljtîf vfnï thmgém pfkl klixè-dfs shglr kissf.
>. Dimitl kl nffrtl - Hnlithjkf hpljhs….Q ndiljtls pfr ndhssl fu nffrtl.
^lmldahjtl hf hnimh, lxnltf `litf lm quhdqulr nhkïjnih qul vfnï klsloh. Hnlithr hpljhs umh
quhjtih Q pfr turmh fu nffrtl kurhjtl um kltlrmijhkf plrífkf é futrh mhjlirh kl pljshr sfgrl
issf. Imhcijl qul vfnï sþ ijinih ndiljtls mljshdmljtl fu trimlstrhdmljtl.
Issf houkh vfnï h fgtlr hdcumhs nhkïjnihs lm slus jlcþnifs fplrhnifjhdmljtl, hf mlsmf
tlmpf lm qul plrmitl å suh lquipl kl vljkhs hdcumh lsnhsslz dlcítimh. Lxlmpdf?
—Htljklmfs 855 ndiljtls ; vlzls pfr hjf. Hgrimfs hs pfrths l klpfis hs `lnahmfs.”
ltn.
Kinh prfìssifjhd - `frjlãh hnlssf dimithkf phrh slrviãfs kl ijcrlssfs

mhis hdtfs Lsshs tètinhs kl lsnhsslz ùjnifjhm lsplnihdmljtl glm phrh upsldds kl ijcrlssfs mhis
hdtfs. ^l vfnï klsloh nrihr wfrbsafps, trlijhmljtfs, lvljtfs,
lvljtfs, slmijèrifs, nfjsudtfrihs, ltn., sîf nfishs qul
pfr suh jhturlzh dlvhm tlmpf l kîf mhis hnlssf. ^lphrè-dfs nfm lsnhsslz ndhrh fu quhjtikhkls ìxhs,
hssljtfs fu vhchs humljthrè rhpikhmljtl h klmhjkh. Mhs dlmgrl-sl slmprl kl tlr mljfs vhchs
kispfjívlis kf qul vfnï hnah qul pfkl vljklr qulrf `hzlr kl jfvf jf ùturf,.tfkfs
. . phrh
vîfqul
d lmgrhr
dlmgrhr qulvfnï
quhjkf
vfnï lscftfu. . . vldfzls. Lsth é umh lstrhtécih kl nfmpfsiãîf qul humljth lm lìnènih hf dfjcf kf
tlmpf. \m kfs pfunfs jf hrsljhd kl mhrbltijc.
Klixl-ml khr um lxlmpdf rlhd kl lsnhsslz phrh humljthr f vhdfr kl umh isnh kicithd
crhtuith. ^l lu dal kisslssl hcfrh qul tljaf umh disth kl vlriìnhãîf qul vfnï pfkl ghixhr
crhtuithmljtl qul tlm tfkfs lssls mhtlrihis phrh vfnï jlstl divrf lm `frmhtf kl mhrnhkfrls,
vfnï pfkl lsthr ijndijhkf h dhrchr lstl divrf l ir hté dè phrh ghixè-df hcfrh.
Mhs, sl lu dal kisslr qul tljaf nfjìcurhkf phrh qul tfkh slmhjh h pècijh plrmith hpljhs
vijtl jfvhs plssfhs phrh ghixè-df, é muitf mhis prfvèvld qul vfnï vè vlr sl nfjslcul plcè-df.
L hijkh mhis sl hf lxplrimljthr, plrnlglr qul oè lscftfu phrh h slmhjh. Wlsudthkf6 Pfnï
phrtiniph kl umh disth qul f jftiình kh prþximh vlz qul mhis vijtl disths kl vlriìnhãîf lstivlrlm
kispfjívlis phrh kfwjdfhk. F qul hnfjtlnl klpfis6 Xuhjkf vfnï rlnlglr lssh jftiìnhãîf, vfnï
hnlsshrè f dijb lm slu tldl`fjl l hnlsshrè h pècijh pfrqul jîf qulr plrklr jfvhmljtl.
Hf lmprlchr h lsnhsslz, trhjs`frmhmfs f qul kl futrh `frmh slrih um —kfwjdfhk crhtuitf
purf” lm hdcf klsloèvld h qul jlm tfkfs tïm hnlssf. Pfnï thmgém, pfr lxtljsîf, slrih muitf
mhis prfpljsf h nfjsumi-df quhjkf nfdfnhr hs mîfs jldl

. . . tukf pfr nhush kl nfmf nfjtrfdhmfs f `frjlnimljtf. Dlchd nlrtf6
Lsnhsslz Afjlsth (H Lsnhsslz Mhis Étinh)

H lstrhtécih kl lsnhsslz mhis `ènid é h afjlstikhkl. Lsplrl f qul6 Klixl-ml lxpdinhr.
[ljaf nlrtlzh hcfrh, vfnï prfvhvldmljtl jîf pfklrih dikhr nfm 8.555 ndiljtls
hmhjaî, nlrtf6 Mhs quhjtfs vfnï pfklrih dikhr6 <6 856 7<6 Glm, vfnï thmgém pfkl
klìjir um jÿmlrf qul lstè kispfstf h hssumir lm um kltlrmijhkf plrífkf kl tlmpf l
klpfis hjujnihr issf. împdlsmljtl klixhr hs plssfhs shglrlm qul vfnï lstè h trïs
quhrtfs kh nhphnikhkl lsth slmhjh dlvhrè hs plssfhs hf dimitl phrh nfmprhr kl vfnï. Fu
klixhr hs plssfhs shglrlm qul vfnï tlm 18% kh nhphnikhkl tfthd kf slu jlcþnif `hrè
nfm qul hs plssfhs sl ijsnrlvhm nfm vfnï —hjtls qul plrnhm h nahjnl”. H lsnhsslz
thmgém impdinh kljtrf kldh, h prfvh sfnihd. ^l vfnï lstivlr nfm 18% kh nhphnikhkl, umh
quhjtikhkl rhzfèvld kl plssfhs tfmfu h klnisîf kl trhghdahr nfm vfnï l, quhjtf mhis
plrtf vfnï nalchr kl suh pdljitukl hrgitrèrih, mhis rèpikf fs pfjtfs klshphrlnlrîf.
klshphrlnlrîf. Mhs
sþ vfnï pfkl klsljahr fjkl lssh dijah lstè —nalih”. Dlchd jé6
Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
Lmprlcul um fu vèrifs métfkfs kl lsnhsslz lm slu jlcþnif. Pfnï nfjkuzirè umh

klnisîf kl nfmprh mhis rèpikh kl slus ndiljtls lm pftljnihd l h prlãfs mhis hdtfs.
Hpljhs klixl-fs
klixl-fs nfjalnlr slus dimitls l klixl h psinfdfcih `hzlr f rlstf.
Hcfrh qul hgfrkhmfs hdcumhs khs mijahs tètinhs kl lsnhsslz `hvfriths qul vfnï
pfkl ushr f hjf tfkf, f qul mhis vfnï pfklrih `hzlr phrh humljthr h klmhjkh slm
hdtlrhr jhkh lm suh f`lrth6 Humljtl h urcïjnih. Jþs vhmfs nfgrir issf
Urþximf.
Kinh Urf - Lsnhsslz Lxtrlmh
^l vfnï jîf fklih kijalirf, vljkh umh f`lrth muitf dimithkh kl hnlssf ijkivikuhd. Pfnï pfkl
`hzlr issf htrhvés kl quhdqulr um kfs mlifs klsnritfs lm —Kldivlry Nugl”. Hnlssf kirltf å mljshclm.
Hnlssf h l-mhid. Hnlssf pfr tldl`fjl. Hnlssf hf mlmfrhjkf kl vfz. Hnlssf kl zffm. Ltn. Lxistlm muitfs
mhjlirhs kl `hzlr issf. Mhs lu prfmltf h vfnï issf - sl vfnï quislr chjahr muitf kijalirf
imlkihthmljtl, nril um jívld kl slrviãf muitf lxndusivf nfm ghsl jf hnlssf h vfnï
v fnï (sim, jîf
lsnhdèvld), qul vfnï dimith lm um jÿmlrf mijÿsnudf . Urlãf muitf hdtf. Ljtîf, nfjtl phrh hs
plssfhs. Pfnï vhi chjahr mhis kijalirf kf qul pljshvh slr pfssívld. Lstls thmgém tljklm h slr
hdcujs kfs mldafrls ndiljtls. L dimitl suh ljtrlch h hdcf qul vfnï jîf fklih. Uhrh mim, lu fklif l-
mhids l mljshcljs, mhs jîf ml impfrtf nfm hs nahmhkhs kl zffm. @hãh ùjnifjhr phrh f slu lstidf kl trhghdaf.
H jhth kh nfdalith (f 8% kl 8% sl housthrè l hcirè).
Kinh prfìssifjhd - umh vlz qul vfnï lstè `frh, vfnï jujnh
pfkl vfdthr Pfnï pfkl nrihr lsnhsslz thmgém dimithjkf slu jívld kl slrviãf l kizljkf qul,
sl ldls shírlm, jujnh pfklrîf rltfrjhr. Lssl tipf kl lsnhsslz `hz nfm qul hs plssfhs pljslm
muitf lm shir. Nfmlnli h `hzlr issf nfm mijahs hnhklmihs klskl nlkf. Ljtîf lu lsthvh lm um
mljtfr qul lmprlcfu issf. Ljtîf nfmlnli h usè-df jf mlu jívld mhis hdtf kl Cym Dfrks. Issf
ùjnifjh mldafr nfm plquljfs crupfs (nfmf f lxlmpdf hnimh). Å mlkikh qul fs crupfs sl
tfrjhm muitf mhifrls, h tètinh plrkl hdcujs kljtls (`hdhjkf pfr lxplriïjnih).
H\MLJ[HW H F@LW[H? \WCÏJNIH
—Urhzfs. Kiricir. Klnisüls.”
- MIM
Nhrikhkl é umh ùjãîf kh quhjtikhkl. H urcïjnih é umh ùjãîf kf tlmpf.
É hqui qul vfnï dimith hpljhs quhjkf hs plssfhs pfklm sl ijsnrlvlr, l jîf
^
quhjths. [lr um prhzf klìjikf fu um nfrtl phrh qul umh nfmprh fu hãîf fnfrrh nrih
urcïjnih. @rlquljtlmljtl, lsnhsslz l urcïjnih sîf ushkhs oujths, mhs vfu slphrè-dhs phrh
vfnï idustrhr fs nfjnlitfs.
Pfu mfstrhr h vfnï mijahs quhtrf mhjlirhs `hvfriths kl ushr h urcïjnih kl `frmh
nfjsistljtl l étinh? 8) Crupfs Wfdhjtls, 7) \rcïjnih ^hzfjhd Wfdhjtl l >) \rcïjnih
Urfmfnifjhd fu kl Urlãfs ;) Fpfrtujikhkl Lxpdfsivh. Ldls lmprlchrîf urcïjnih lm slu
jlcþnif slm slrlm `hdsfs. Mijah mhjlirh `hvfrith kl `hzlr issf é `hzlr nfm qul crupfs kl
ndiljtls nfmlnlm lm umh nhkïjnih rlcudhr.
Issf tlm f gljl`ínif fplrhnifjhd hkinifjhd kl houkè-df h nrihr um
lxplriïjnih kl fjgfhrkijc nfrlfcrh`hkh phrh jfvfs ndiljtls. Å mlkikh qul vfnï lsnhdh, issf sl
tfrjhrè nhkh vlz mhis impfrthjtl.
8) \rcïjnih nfjtíjuh ghslhkh lm nffrtl
Ufr lxlmpdf, sl vfnï ijinihr ndiljtls tfkh slmhjh (mlsmf lm quhjtikhkls idimithkhs), pfklrè
kizlr?
—^l vfnï sl ijsnrlvlr afol, pfssf nfdfnè-df lm jfssf prþximf crupf qul nfmlãh
jh slcujkh-`lirh, nhsf nfjtrèrif, vfnï tlrè qul lsplrhr hté h prþximh khth kl
ijínif.”
^l vfnï quislr humljthr um pfunf, vfnï pfklrih kizlr?
—Jh vlrkhkl, um ndiljtl qul sl ijsnrlvlu aè hdcumhs slmhjhs klsistiu, ljtîf
tljaf umh vhch phrh jfssf prþximf crupf qul nfmlãh jh slcujkh-`lirh. ^l
vfnï tlm nlrtlzh kl qul vhi `hzlr issf mhis nlkf fu mhis thrkl, é mldafr nfmlãhr
hcfrh phrh nfmlãhr h nfdalr fs `rutfs mhis nlkf, lm vlz kl phchr f mlsmf l
lsplrhr.”
Lssls kfis houstls hnimh dlvhrhm thjths vljkhs hf dimitl, hpljhs dlmgrhjkf h um ndiljtl
lm pftljnihd qul, sl ldl sl ijsnrlvlr, nfmlãhrè jh slcujkh-`lirh l, sl jîf f ìzlr, tlrè qul
lsplrhr umh slmhjh. ^îf plquljhs nfishs nfmf lssh qul lstimudhm hs plssfhs h tfmhrlm hs
mlkikhs qul shglm qul klvlm tfmhr kl quhdqulr mhjlirh.
Fgvihmljtl, quhjtf mljfs `rlquljtlmljtl vfnï ijinih jfvfs ndiljtls, mhis pfklrfsf issf
i ssf é.
Ufr lxlmpdf, sl vfnï ijinihr ndiljtls hpljhs kuhs vlzls pfr hjf, hs plssfhs lsthrîf muitf
ijndijhkhs h sl ijsnrlvlr, lsplnihdmljtl å mlkikh qul h khth sl hprfximh.
Hté mlsmf ijinihr jfvfs ndiljtls h nhkh kuhs slmhjhs pfkl nfj`lrir lssl impudsf kl urcïjnih.
L sl lu plrklr vljkhs hf rlnushr jlcþnifs6

Hssim nfmf hs chrhjtihs, slmprl aè f mlkf kl qul vfnï chjal mljfs kijalirf
lmprlchjkf lssh lstrhtécih. [lmfs mlkf kl plrklr vljkhs qul tlríhmfs kl futrh `frmh
`lz. [fkf prfìssifjhd kl mhrbltijc lxplriljtl kf pdhjlth dal kirè - é um mlkf l é ijùjkhkf. Hs
mhifrls vljkhs lm umh nhmphjah fu dhjãhmljtf kl umh slmhjh hnfjtlnlm jhs ÿdtimhs ;
afrhs kf ÿdtimf kih (hté <5-05%). Issf sicjiình qul fs ÿdtimfs >% kf tlmpf hdfnhkf nrihm
<5-05% khs vljkhs... issf é nfmpdlthmljtl idþcinf, mhs thmgém ijnfjùjkivldmljtlaumhjf.
Ljtîf, nfmf umh chrhjtih, vfnï chjahrè mhis kijalirf nfm hs muiths plssfhs qul klnikirhm
hcir kf qul hs plssfhs qul rlhdmljtl plrklrhm pfrqul, jh rlhdikhkl, lsshs plssfhs jujnh
nfmprhrihm (qul kihgfs, ldhs jlm nfmprhrhm quhjkf tijahm suh thxh phrh f `fcf, ljtîf pfr
qul ldls ìnhrihm slm6) É gfm dlmgrhr.
F qul `hzlr sl vfnï hnhgfu kl ijinihr umh nffrtl l hdcuém qulr nfmprhr….
Pfnï tlm kuhs fpãüls? 8) vfnï pfkl f`lrlnlr h ldls umh rèpikh ijtlcrhãîf plrsfjhdizhkh
phrh klixè-dfs htuhdizhkfs nfmf um —gûjus” pfr sl ijsnrlvlr afol l hijkh fgtï-dfs. Fu, mijah
prl`lrïjnih, 7) Pfnï pfkl lxpdinhr h ldls qul klskl f prþximf crupf nfmlãh khqui h pfunf, ldls
tlrîf h vhjthclm kl tlr mhis tlmpf phrh rlvishr fs mhtlrihis, nfjvlrshr nfm slus ùjnifjèrifs
(phrh prfkutfs g7g) fu `hmidihrls (phrh prfkutfs g7n). Hdém kissf, ldls pfklm tlr um pdhjf kl
phchmljtf mhis lstljkikf qul vfnï sþ pfkl kispfjigidizhr phrh ldls oè qul h khth kl ijínif lstè
muitf kisthjtl . umh vhjthclm qul h mhifrih. .kfs ndiljtls
slmprl tlmjîf tlm. Jf ìjhd,
h vhjthclm pfrquldlmgrl-sl, vfnï kè
é vfnï qulm
hs nhrths.
7) \rcïjnih shzfjhd nfjtíjuh Lm um
hmgiljtl kicithd, tlr h nfjthclm rlcrlssivh khs khths kl ijsnriãîf rlhis é muitf ÿtid. Mhs nlrtiìqul-
sl kl qul ldls sîf rlhis. ^l jîf `frlm, vfnï plrklrè nrlkigidikhkl l sl phrlnlrè nfm quhdqulr futrf
hspirhjtl h prfìssifjhd kl mhrbltijc. Issf é muitf nfmum lm lmprlshs kl ijtlrjlt qul ushm mfkldfs
kl —dhjãhmljtf”. Ulssfhdmljtl, hkfrf tlr hs khths lm qul lstfu rlhdizhjkf umh prfmfãîf jhs mijahs
pècijhs kl klstijf l jh mijah nþpih. Lu qulrf qul sloh visívld lm tfkfs fs duchrls. F gfm é qul vfnï
slmprl pfkl dhjãhr futrh nhmphjah pugdinitèrih l umh jfvh pècijh kl klstijf nfm jfvhs khths l lsthr
nlrtf nfmf h nauvh. Pfnï vlrè suhs nfjvlrsüls kisphrhrlm, l dlvh thdvlz nijnf mijutfs kl lkiãîf „
vhdl h pljh f ijvlstimljtf kl tlmpf.
Lxlmpdf? Jfssh Urfmfãîf kl Hjf Jfvf tlrmijh lm >5 kl ohjlirf!

Mïs qul vlm? Jfssh prfmfãîf Phdljtijls Dfvlrs tlrmijh lm >5 kl `lvlrlirf!
Mïs qul vlm? Jfssf ^lxy Gy ^prijc ^plnihd tlrmijh lm >8 kl mhrãf!
Mïs qul vlm? Jfssh prfmfãîf kl hgrid kl @ffds ij Dfvl tlrmijh lm >5 kl hgrid!
H prfmfãîf rlhd pfkl slr h mlsmh, mhs jfmlhr hdcf ki`lrljtl —pfr tlmpfrhkh” kè h
vfnï um ki`lrljnihkfr —rlhd” qul dal kè um nfmlãf l um ìm. Fs prhzfs kltlrmijhm hs
klnisüls. împdlsmljtl tljkf issf, vfnï pfkl hpfjtè-dfs l klixhr qul fs slrls aumhjfs
sl ls`frnlm phrh jîf
Ulrklr.
Kinh prfìssifjhd - Lmprlshs dfnhis? Lsth é h mijah lstrhtécih jÿmlrf um phrh lmprlshs dfnhis.
Ldls klvlm vhrihr slu mhrbltijc nfm mhis `rlquïjnih kf qul fs hjujnihjtl
hjujnihjtls
s jhnifjhis. Nfdfnhr
um jfvf wrhpplr nfm umh khth jf mlsmf slrviãf prijniphd f`lrlnl urcïjnih l jfvikhkl qul
suplrhm nfjsistljtlmljtl hs nhmphjahs —mlsmhs hjtichs”.
>) Urlãfs fu \rcïjnih Ghslhkh lm Gûjus

Lsth é futrh mhjlirh kl nrihr urcïjnih ushjkf suh f`lrth rlhd fu lstruturh kl prfmfãîf/
prlãfs nfmf hdcf qul ldls pfklm plrklr (mlif
(m lif qul gridahjtl!). Ldl plrmitl qul hs lmprlshs
qul vljklm ndiljtls kurhjtl tfkf f hjf hijkh uslm h urcïjnih. Ufr lxlmpdf, —îm, vhmfs
nfmlãhr afol phrh qul vfnï pfssh hprfvlithr f klsnfjtf pldf quhd vlif. Jîf ttljaf
ljaf
nlrtlzh kl quhjtf tlmpf lsthrlmfs lxlnuthjkf, pfis fs trfnhmfs h nhkh ; slmhjhs
fu mhis, l lstl é um kfs mldafrls qul lxlnuthmfs jfs ÿdtimfs tlmpfs. ”
Issf nrih hdcum mlkf kl plrklr h prfmfãîf (fu klsnfjtf fu gûjus), lm vlz kf slu
slrviãf rlhd. ^lrih umh mljtirh kizlr qul sl vfnï pfssui um jlcþnif kl tldahkfs, jîf fs
htljklrè sl ldls nfmprhrlm hpþs h khth.
Mhs, sl vfnï `hdhr lsplniìnhmljtl sfgrl h prfmfãîf, muiths vlzls pfklrè prfvfnhr h
mlsmh urcïjnih jh nfmprh kf ndiljtl lm pftljnihd, mhjtljkf suh ijtlcrikhkl „ chjah-
chjah. Pfnï pfkl trfnhr umh prfmfãîf kl prlãfs, klsnfjtf fu gûjus hkinifjhis, nfmf
ijsthdhãîf crhtuith fu ijtlcrhãîf crhtuith fu um wfrbsafp lxtrh (vhdfrizhkf lm

$ 8.555) sl nfmprhrlm hcfrh. Lsshs sîf tfkhs hs nfishs qul vfnï pfkl trfnhr lm tfrjf kl suh
f`lrth prijniphd phrh nrihr urcïjnih.
Kinh prfìssifjhd - Dimpl slu pipldijl nfm nhkh mukhjãh kl prlãf? ^l vfnï
rlhdmljtl pdhjloh humljthr slus prlãfs (lsplrf qul lm grlvl, sl vfnï lstivlr dljkf
lstl divrf!), vfnï slmprl pfkl dimphr slu pipldijl ij`frmhjkf ås plssfhs —F prlãf lstè
sugijkf ! Ljtîf ljtrl hcfrh!” Jujnh humljtl slus prlãfs slm hvishr hs plssfhs. Issf
mfstrh umh pfsiãîf kl `frãh l dal khrè um gfm ij`duxf kl kijalirf khs plssfhs jf
pipldijl qul lsthvhm lm nimh kf murf.
;) Lxpdfkijkf Fpfrtujikhkl
Fnhsifjhdmljtl, vfnï lsthrè lxpfjkf f prfsplnt h umh fpfrtujikhkl kl hrgitrhclm. H
fpfrtujikhkl lm si tlm um rldþcif, nfmf tfkhs hs crhjkls fpfrtujikhkls. H nhkh slcujkf qul
hdcuém htrhsh, plrkl chjafs klsprfpfrnifjhis.
Lxlmpdf? ^l lu lstivlssl lxpdinhjkf umh fpfrtujikhkl kl hrgitrhclm ljtrl nfmprhr

prfkutfs jf lghy l vljkï-dfs jh hmhzfj, lssh ijlìniïjnih kf mlrnhkf sl nfrricirih nfm f
tlmpf. Xuhjtf mhis nlkf hdcuém hcir, mldafr slrè
phrh ldls. Issf pfkl slr vlrkhkl phrh vljklr h hdcuém h fpfrtujikhkl kl jlcfnihr nriptfmflkhs,
nfmprhr umh hãîf, ljtrhr lm umh jfvh pdhth`frmh phrh hjujnihr hjtls qul fs nfjnfrrljtls
ljtrlm jf mfvimljtf. Hmgiljtls kl trhghdaf hdthmljtl nfmpltitivfs clrhdmljtl rlnlglm
f`lrths kl trhghdaf qul sîf —f`lrths lxpdfsivhs” tfkfs fs kihs lm qul lsplrhm phrh hnlithr f
lmprlcf, slus shdèrifs fu gûjus kimijulm. Issf `frãh fs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd h tfmhr klnisüls
rèpikhs, lm vlz kl tljthr —lsplrhr” phrh vlr sl rlnlglm umh f`lrth mldafr.
[fkfs lssls lxlmpdfs mfstrhm fpfrtujikhkls qul sl kltlrifrhm nfm f tlmpf, pfrthjtf,
sl vfnï sl klphrhr nfm umh fpfrtujikhkl nfmf lssh, nlrtiìqul-sl kl lj`htizè-dh!
Ufjtfs kl rlsumf
Hkinifjhr um prhzf l ijnfrpfrhr umh fu vèrihs `frmhs kl urcïjnih `hrè nfm qul mhis
plssfhs hohm kf qul kl futrh `frmh. lu tljaf lmprlchkf
tfkfs lssls quhtrf métfkfs nfm crhjkl lìnènih. ûcirf qul vfnï `hãh f
mlsmf. Lm slcuikh….Gûjus!
Urlsljtl crhtuitf j¿ 3? [utfrihd kl gûjus? nfmf ushr ltinhmljtl h lsnhsslz l h urcïjnih

^l vfnï quislr vlr hdcujs lxlmpdfs hf vivf (étinfs) kl lsnhsslz l urcïjnih nfmicf, hnlssl
Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs l sldlnifjl —Lsnhrnikhkl l \rcïjnih” phrh hssistir h um grlvl
tutfrihd lm víklf. Pfnï thmgém pfklrè plchr mijah Disth kl Plriìnhãîf kl \rcïjnih kl Lsnhsslz
qul usf hf nrihr f`lrths. Nfmf slmprl, é tfthdmljtl crhtuitf. Hprfvlithr.
H\MLJ[HJKF H F@LW[H? GÛJ\^
—É tukf mfdaf glgï”
‛ OFC\L LM \M PLDAF KI_LW IJCDÏ^.
lu tljaf qul hcrhklnlr lsplnihdmljtl h Ohsfj @dhkdilj pfr mlu rljfvhkf hprlãf pldfs
gûjus. Ldls sîf tîf pfklrfsfs qul chjahrhm um nhpítudf ijtlirf. Jlstl nhpítudf,
hgfrkhrli? f qul f`lrlnlr, nfmf lsnfdaï-dfs
lsnfdaï-dfs,, nfmf vhdfrizè-
vhdfrizè-dfs,
dfs, nfmf hprlsljtè-dfs, nfmf
prlniìnè-dfs.
F pfjtf prijniphd qul lu qulrf qul vfnï tirl kissf é qul umh ÿjinh f`lrth é mljfs
vhdifsh kf qul h mlsmh f`lrth kivikikh lm suhs phrtls nfmpfjljtls l lmpidahkhs
nfmf gûjus (vloh h imhclm). H tfthdikhkl kh jfssh f`lrth `fi hprlsljthkh jf ìjhd kh ÿdtimh
slãîf. Lsth slãîf é sfgrl nfmf hprlsljthr lssls
plãhs lm qul frklm. Ufr lxlmpdf, pfssf kl `htf `hzlr muiths nfishs h mlu slrviãf, mhs
hté qul lu hs ljumlrl, ldhs sîf klsnfjalnikhs. É pfr issf qul tfkf nfmlrnihd kl tfkfs
fs tlmpfs nfjtijuh nfm —mhs lsplrl… tlm mhis!”
Ldls jîf ushrihm lsshs ténjinhs h mljfs qul `fsslm lìnhzls, pfis nhkh slcujkf
kl tlmpf jf hr nusth kijalirf l klvl slr oustiìnhkf nfm f WFI. Pfnï thmgém jfthrè qul,
sl hssistir h lssls nfmlrnihis hjticfs, ldls vljklrihm umh `hnh pfr \^ $ >1,9< l
ijnduirihm >3 futrhs `hnhs, hmfdhkfrls, phjldhs l chrhjtihs phrh vljnlr f ndiljtl lm
pftljnihd. Ldls lsthgldlnlm f prlãf, ljtîf f lxphjklm hté qul vfnï sijth qul é um
jlcþnif tîf gfm qul slrih lstÿpikf klixhr phsshr.
H rhzîf pldh quhd issf ùjnifjh é qul lsthmfs humljthjkf h kisnrlpçjnih ljtrl f
prlãf l f vhdfr kf ndiljtl pftljnihd humljthjkf f vhdfr ljtrlcul lm vlz kl rlkuzir f prlãf.
Hjnfrhmfs f prlãf qul dals kizlmfs å f`lrth prijniphd. Ljtîf, nfm nhkh gûjus nhkh vlz
mhis vhdifsf, lssh kisnrlpçjnih humljth nhkh vlz mhis hté ìnhr crhjkl klmhis phrh
supfrthr l jþs lsthdhmfs f ldèstinf lm suh mljtl qul lstè slcurhjkf suh nhrtlirh jf
gfdsf.
Hcfrh vhmfs hprlsljthr hquldh —pidah” kl ljtrlchs qul
mfjthkfs hjtlrifrmljtl kl umh `frmh qul fs tfrjh irrlsistívlis.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? hkinifjl gûjus lm vlz kl klsnfjthr slmprl qul pfssívld jhs f`lrths prijniphis
^lmprl qul tljthr `lnahr um jlcþnif, jujnh klsnfjtl h f`lrth prijniphd. Ldl ljsijh slus
ndiljtls qul slus prlãfs sîf jlcfnièvlis (f qul é tlrrívld). Hkinifjhr gûjus phrh humljthr f vhdfr
phrh `lnahr f jlcþnif é muitf suplrifr hf nfrtl kl prlãfs. Issf f nfdfnh lm umh pfsiãîf kl `frãh
l gfh vfjthkl, lm vlz kl `rhqulzh.
Hprlsljthjkf Gûjus 8-fj-8 vs Pljkh lm Crupf

Lxistlm ki`lrljãhs impfrthjtls ljtrl dhjãhr phrh um crupf vlrsus umh ÿjinh plssfh.
H vljkh lm crupf lstè hdém kf lsnfpf klstl divrf. Mhs lu qulrf pldf mljfs hgfrkhr
quhjkf um gûjus slrih hprlsljthkf lm um nljèrif
n ljèrif kl vljkh 8-8.
Hf vljklr um h um, vfnï plkl h vljkh primlirf, hjtls kl f`lrlnlr f
gûjus. ^l ldls kisslrlm qul sim, klpfis kl sl ijsnrlvlrlm, vfnï fs ij`frmhrè sfgrl fs
gûjus hkinifjhis qul ldls rlnlglrîf. Issf nrih umh lxplriïjnih ijnrívld l rl`frãh suh
klnisîf kl nfmprh.
Ufr futrf dhkf, sl h plssfh jîf nfmprhr hpþs h primlirh plrcujth, vfnï hprlsljthrè
um gûjus qul nfrrlspfjkl hf fgstènudf plrnlgikf l plãh jfvhmljtl. Jîf sl sijth lstrhjaf
lm plrcujthr jfvhmljtl. Pfnï simpdlsmljtl nfjnfrkh nfm f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd, hkinifjh
f gûjus l plrcujth sl lssl nfjsfdf `fi —oustf f suìniljtl”. Hs plssfhs tïm kiìnudkhkl lm
rlolithr h rlniprfnikhkl, ljtîf hkinifjhr um gûjus phrh hnfmfkhr, klpfis futrf, klpfis
futrf, l hs plssfhs sl sljtirîf quhsl fgrichkhs h nfmprhr kl vfnï.
^l vfnï sl dlmgrh kf jfssf nhpítudf —Hphrhr l lmpidahr”, nhkh um klssls prfkutfs
hcfrh lstè sljkf hrmhkf l hprlsljthkf jf mfmljtf plr`litf.
Jþs vhmfs `frjlnlr tfkfs lssls gûjus phrh ldls kl quhdqulr mhjlirh, mhs issf humljth h
plrnlpãîf kf vhdfr kl jfssh f`lrth hf nfdfnhr lssls gûjus lm nhmhkhs, um kl nhkh vlz.
Ghdhs kl gûjus
Kitf istf, aè hdcumhs nfishs impfrthjtls h slrlm dlmgrhkhs hf f`lrlnlr

gûjus?
8. ^lmprl f`lrlãh-fs (vfnï pfkl ushr f phnftl nfm mhrnhkfrls qul nrihmfs
jf ìjhd kh ^lãîf III)
7. Kï h ldls um jfml lsplnihd qul tljah um gljl`ínif jf títudf
>. Kich h ldls?
h) Nfmf issf sl rldhnifjh nfm f

prfgdlmh kldls g) F qul é n) Nfmf
vfnï f klsnfgriu fu f qul vfnï tlvl qul `hzlr phrh nriè-df k) Nfmf issf
mldafrhrè lsplniìnhmljtl suhs vikhs fu tfrjhrè suh lxplriïjnih
i) Mhis rèpikf, mhis `ènid fu mljfs ls`frãf/shnri`ínif (lquhãîf kl vhdfr)
;. @frjlãh hdcumh prfvh (pfkl slr umh lsthtístinh, um ndiljtl hjtlrifr fu

lxplriïjnih) phrh prfvhr qul lssh nfish é vhdifsh
<. Uijtl umh imhclm mljthd vívikh kl nfmf slrè h vikh kldls hssumijkf qul ldls oè ushrhm
l lstîf lxplrimljthjkf fs gljl`ínifs 0. ^lmprl htriguh um prlãf h ldls l oustiìqul 3. @lrrhmljths
l disths kl vlriìnhãîf sîf mldafrls kf qul trlijhmljtfs hkinifjhis (nfmf f ls`frãf l tlmpf
sîf mljfrls nfm f primlirf, ljtîf f vhdfr é mhifr. H lquhãîf kf vhdfr hijkh rlijh suprlmh).
1. Nhkh um kldls klvl hgfrkhr umh prlfnuphãîf/fgstènudf lsplníìnf jh mljtl kf ndiljtl
pftljnihd sfgrl pfr qul ldls jîf pfklm fu jîf slrîf glm-sunlkikfs (f gûjus klvl prfvhr qul
suh nrljãh lstè ijnfrrlth)
9. Issf thmgém pfkl slr f qul ldls plrnlglrihm dfcinhmljtl qul prlnishr
prlnishrîf
îf
Urþximf. Pfnï qulr rlsfdvlr f prþximf prfgdlmh hjtls mlsmf kl ljnfjtrè-df.
85. F vhdfr kfs gûjus klvl lndipshr f vhdfr kh f`lrth prijniphd.
Usinfdfcinhmljtl, å mlkikh qul vfnï nfjtijuh h hkinifjhr f`lrths, nfjtijuh h lxphjkir f prlãf
phrh h kisnrlpçjnih kl vhdfr. [hmgém, sugnfjsniljtlmljtl,

sugnfjsniljtlmljtl, nfmujinh qul h f`lrth prijniphd klvl
slr vhdifsh pfrqul, sl lssls sîf fs gûjus, f prijniphd tlm qul slr mhis vhdifsf kf qul fs gûjus,
nlrtf6 (Jîf, mhs vfnï pfkl ushr lssl viés psinfdþcinf phrh `hzlr suh f`lrth phrlnlr lxtrlmhmljtl
htrhljtl).
88. Pfnï pfkl humljthr hijkh mhis f vhdfr kl slus gûjus hkinifjhjkf lsnhsslz l urcïjnih
hf prþprif gûjus (qul plch lssh ténjinh l h nfdfnh lm lstlrþikls).
h) Gûjus nfm Lsnhsslz
Plrsîf 8? ^fmljtl hs plssfhs qul sl ijsnrlvlrlm jf prfcrhmh Q_Y tlrîf hnlssf
hf mlu Gûjus #8, 7, > qul jujnh lstè å vljkh fu kispfjívld lm quhdqulr futrf
duchr qul jîf sloh htrhvés klstl prfcrhmh.
Plrsîf 7? Lu tljaf > ijcrlssfs phrh f mlu lvljtf virtuhd kl $<.555, sl vfnï nfmprhr
lstl prfcrhmh vfnï pfkl chjahr um kfs ÿdtimfs > ijcrlssfs nfmf gûjus.
g) Gûjus nfm \rcïjnih
Plrsîf 8? ^l vfnï nfmprhr afol, hkinifjhrli um gûjus QY_ qul jfrmhdmljtl

nusth $ 8.555, kl crhãh. L `hrli issf pfrqul qulrf rlnfmpljshr fs tfmhkfrls
kl hãîf.
n) Nfm lsplrhjãh, vfnï pfkl vlr hs ki`lrljãhs sutis. Fs kfis primlirfs lxlmpdfs
jîf sîf dimithkfs pldf tlmpf. Ldls hìrmhm qul, sl vfnï nfmprhr f prfcrhmh,
rlnlglrè nfishs qul jfrmhdmljtl jîf nfjslcuirih. F gûjus nfm urcïjnih é sfgrl
ldls nfmprhrlm afol, l sl ldls jîf nfmprhrlm afol, ldls plrklm lssls gûjus.
Ulquljh ki`lrljãh, mhs kicjh kl jfth.
Gûjus kl Jívld Hvhjãhkf - Urfkutfs l ^lrviãfs kl Futrhs Ulssfhs Pfnï

pfkl `hzlr nfm qul futrhs lmprlshs `frjlãhm slus slrviãfs l prfkutfs nfmf phrtl
kl slus gûjus lm trfnh kl lxpfsiãîf crhtuith hfs slus ndiljtls. Issf é mhrbltijc
crhtuitf phrh ldls l prfkutfs kl hdtf vhdfr phrh vfnï slm jljaum nustf.
Hs lmprlshs `hrîf issf pfrqul vfnï khrè h lxpfsiãîf kl slus jlcþnifs crhtuithmljtl
hfs ndiljtls lm pftljnihd kh mhis hdth quhdikhkl, slus ndiljtls. Nfjthjtf qul ldls jîf
slohm nfjnfrrljtls kirltfs, vfnï pfkl fgtlr hdcujs pfjtfs kl grfwjil, chrhjtir hdcumhs
ùturhs IF\s kl rl`lrïjnih l tfrjhr suh f`lrth mhis vhdifsh hf mlsmf tlmpf. ^l vfnï
chrhjtir f suìniljtl klssls rldhnifjhmljtfs, pfklrè ditlrhdmljtl oustiìnhr tfkf f slu
prlãf jhs lnfjfmihs l gûjus hkinifjhis kl prlãf rlhd.
Ufr lxlmpdf - sl lu pfssuíssl umh ndíjinh kl kfr, lu pfklrih plkir h um mhsshcisth

phrh ml khr 8-7 mhsshcljs crhtuiths phrh ijnfrpfrhr å mijah f`lrth. Hdém kissf, lu
pfklrih fgtlr?
...um quirfprètinf phrh ml khr kfis houstls crètis. (Phdfr? $ 855) ... umh
lmprlsh kl hdimljtfs kl ghixh ij`dhmhãîf phrh ml khr klsnfjtfs phrh slus
prfkutfs ( $ <5 kl lnfjfmih) ... klsnfjtfs phrh hphrldafs l þrtlsls ( $ 8<5
kl lnfjfmih) ... um ndugl kl shÿkl dfnhd jh ruh phrh ml khr um slssîf kl
trlijhmljtf plssfhd kl crhãh l um mïs crètis kl hssfnihãîf hf slu pffd ($
855
Phdfr) ...klsnfjtfs lm mlkinhmljtfs `hrmhnïutinfs kf `hrmhnïutinf

dfnhd ($855/mïs lm lnfjfmih) ...rlpith f hnimh phrh vèrifs prlsthkfrls
kl slrviãfs (thdvlz lu nfjsich klz quirfprètinfs phrh tfkfs ml khr um

houstl crètis, hcfrh tljaf klz crètis houstls jf mlu phnftl.
...Ltn.
Hcfrh, sl mijah f`lrth `fi kl $ ;55, ljtîf f vhdfr klssls gûjus crètis ^FMLJ[L
vhdl mhis kf qul fs $ ;55.
Nfmf sl issf oè jîf `fssl ijnrívld f suìniljtl, sl vfnï rlhdmljtl qulr slr um olki,
jlcfnil um klsnfjtf kl crupf l umh nfmissîf phrh si mlsmf. Issf é lxhthmljtl f
qul ìzlmfs nfm jfssh lmprlsh kl supdlmljtfs. Jfssfs ndiljtls prfpriltèrifs kl
hnhklmihs qul ushm jfssfs htdlths phtrfnijhkfs pldh lmprlsh kl supdlmljtfs
Urlsticl Dhgs rlnlglm um klsnfjtf kl >5% lm jfssfs prfkutfs, hdém kissf, f htdlth
phtrfnijhkf rlnlgl ;5% kl tfkhs hs vljkhs díquikhs hpþs f klsnfjtf hpdinhkf.
Ufrthjtf, é um chjaf phrh tfkfs. ^lus ndiljtls fgtïm pfr >5% mljfs kf qul
jfssf sitl prijniphd. Ldls sîf phcfs phrh khr klsnfjtfs lxndusivfs. L nfjslcuimfs
ndiljtls lm trfnh kh nfmissîf phch. [fkfs chjahm.
^l vfnï lstivlr hnfmphjahjkf, nhkh um klssls gûjus pfkl sl tfrjhr um `duxf
kl rlnlith phrh vfnï ijkirlthmljtl, `hzljkf nfm qul fs ndiljtls kichm ÎM nfm mhis
`hnidikhkl l kirlthmljtl pfrqul vfnï pfkl jlcfnihr qul nhkh umh klsshs lmprlshs
pfssh phchr pldhs plssfhs qul vfnï ljvihr.
Ljtîf, kichmfs thmgém qul jlcfnihmfs hs slcuijtls —nfmissüls kl hìdihkfs”
phrh `hzlr h ijtrfkuãîf h lssls jlcþnifs.
...f nairf dal kè $ 855 pfr plssfh qul ljtrh lm slu lsnritþrif ... h lmprlsh
kl hdimljtfs dal kè nfmikh crètis (yum!) ... h lmprlsh kl þrtlsls dal kè $
855 pfr plssfh ijkinhkh
... alhdta ndug kè-dal umh hklsîf crhtuith F\ $ <5 pfr plssfh qul sl ijsnrlvl ... h
`hrmènih kè-dal $ 855 pfr plssfh
Hcfrh vhmfs vlr quhjtf kijalirf chjahmfs... jfssh f`lrth kl $;55 hcfrh tlm h pfssigidikhkl
kl jfs `hzlr um lxtrh kl $><5...purf dunrf! Lssh é h gldlzh klssls rldhnifjhmljtfs. Hs futrhs
lmprlshs vîf tl phchr l vfnï jîf prlnish `hzlr jhkh hdém kl ijkinhr ndiljtls phrh ldls qul
vfnï oè chstfu f kijalirf phrh hkquirir.
L sl vfnï rlhdmljtl qulr ìnhr dfunf, `hãh umh f`lrth crhjk sdhm nfm lsshs lmprlshs
phrnlirhs ushjkf fs mlsmfs nfjnlitfs kf divrf phrh qul nhkh um kfs gûjus sl tfrjl hijkh mhis
vhdifsf kf qul um simpdls slrviãf nfmfkitizhkf.
nfmfkitizhkf.
Urlsljtl crhtuitf #1? GÛJ\^... lm... GÛJ\^
Aè um midaîf l umh mhjlirhs kl ushr gûjus lm suhs f`lrths. Pfnï pfkl `hzlr hs plssfhs
hcirlm mhis rèpikf. Pfnï pfkl ìxhr f prlãf l h çjnfrh kf prfkutf (pfunf nfjalnikf). Pfnï pfkl
`hzlr nfm qul mhis plssfhs kichm sim kf qul vfnï `hrih kl futrh `frmh. ^l vfnï quislr ml
hprfùjkhr hf vivf sfgrl issf, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs l sldlnifjl —Gfjus
Nrlhtifj” phrh hssistir h um grlvl tutfrihd lm víklf. [hmgém tljaf umh Disth kl Plriìnhãîf kl Gûjus Crhtuith qul usf quhj
nrihjkf f`lrths. Uhssl-f phrh f slu prþprif jlcþnif jh nhsh!
Wlsumf
Xulrlmfs lmprlchr gûjus pfrqul ldls lxphjklm f prlãf phrh h kisnrlpçjnih kl vhdfr l
dlvhm hs plssfhs h nfmprhr
n fmprhr qul, kl futrh `frmh, jîf nfmprhrihm. Ldls humljthm mhssivhmljtl
h plrnlpãîf kfs prfsplnts sfgrl f vhdfr kh jfssh f`lrth. Ljtîf hqui lstè f qul `hzlr?
8. Nril disths kl vlriìnhãîf, `lrrhmljths, hrquivfs kl ùrtf, snripts, mfkldfs l

quhdqulr futrh nfish qul dlvhrih muitf tlmpf l ls`frãf phrh nrihr pfr nfjth
prþprih, mhs é `ènid kl ushr klpfis kl nrihkh. Xuhdqulr nfish qul vfnï puklr
Ijvisth lm um tlmpf qul ndhrhmljtl nusth tlmpf fu kijalirf phrh nrihr, mhs
pfkl slr kfhkf tlmpf ijìjitf é um houstl plr`litf phrh um gûjus.
7. Hdém kissf, nril f aègitf kl rlcistrhr nhkh wfrbsafp, nhkh
wlgijhr, nhkh lvljtf, nhkh ljtrlvisth l usè-dfs nfmf gûjus hkinifjhis

(nfj`frml jlnlssèrif phrh lsmhchr um fgstènudf plrnlgikf).
>. Jlcfnil prfhtivhmljtl klsnfjtfs phrh crupfs l umh nfmissîf kl ijkinhãîf
nfm jlcþnifs hkohnljtls qul sfdunifjlm hs jlnlssikhkls qul slu ndiljtl
tlrè nfmf rlsudthkf kl ijinihr lssl prfnlssf nfm vfnï. Xuhd é h prþximh
nfish jhturhd qul ldls pfklm qulrlr6 Pè h lssls jlcþnifs, `hãh um hnfrkf
phrh ldls qul ldls jujnh nfjslcuirihm phrh si mlsmfs (pfrqul vfnï lstè
jlcfnihjkf nfm f pfklr kl nfmprh kl tfkfs fs slus ndiljtls kl umh sþ vlz,
muitf pfklrfsf).
Jfth kf hutfr? Xuhjtf mhis tlmpf vfnï lstivlr jf jlcþnif, mhis klssls htivfs kl gûjus
vfnï tlrè å suh kispfsiãîf. [fkhs lsshs nfishs sîf vhdifshs. Nfdfqul-fs lm um nf`rl l
mhjtljah-fs jf gfdsf kl très phrh pfdvidahr lm umh f`lrth phrh `lnahr f jlcþnif. Fs prfkutfs
kl ij`frmhãîf ùjnifjhm muitf glm hqui pfrqul tïm hdtf vhdfr plrnlgikf, ghixf nustf l zlrf
ls`frãf fplrhnifjhd, hdém kl `frjlnlr um dfcij hkinifjhd. Fs ijcrlssfs phrh lxplriïjnihs fu
lvljtfs virtuhis thmgém ùjnifjhm. F mlsmf vhdl phrh um jívld kl slrviãf mhis hdtf qul
tlm um nustf ìxf, nfmf khr h hdcuém um slrviãf PIU pfr um mïs (f qul thmgém ùjnifjh
nfmf umh `frmh kl upsldd phrh lssl jívld kl slrviãf phrh mhjtï-dfs
jfjldl...
Divrf II
mhis
.) sfgrl issf
F qul klvl slr um gûjus vlrsus phrtl kh f`lrth prijniphd sl lu `fr f ÿjinf h numpri-dh6
Wlspfsth nurth? Sfw @hntfr - lm futrhs phdhvrhs - hdcf qul vfnï jîf cfsthrih qul hdcuém
plrklssl. Muiths vlzls vfnï tlm thjths —nfishs” qul lsthrè `frjlnljkf hfs slus ndiljtls
(nfish gfh) qul plpiths vhdifshs pfklm sl plrklr jh misturh. Pfnï qulr plchr fs mhis
kistijtfs qul quhsl pfklm ìnhr sfzijafs l puxè-dfs phrh klsthnè-dfs. Issf é lsplnihdmljtl
vlrkhklirf phrh nfishs qul sîf nurths lm nfmprimljtf, mhs kl hdth quhdikhkl fu vhdfr. Disths
kl vlriìnhãîf fu ij`fcrèìnfs pfklm nfjkljshr muiths ij`frmhãüls lm um plquljf lsphãf.
Hdcuém pfkl jîf sl sljtir oustiìnhkf lm phchr muitf kijalirf pfr um mhph kl dhjãhmljtf
kl prfkutf (pfr lxlmpdf), mhs nfmf gûjus slrih plrnlgikf nfmf muitf vhdifsf.
Urþximf . . .
[lmfs h jfssh f`lrth prijniphd. Lsthmfs hprlsljthjkf-f kl `frmh h humljthr h

lsnhsslz l h urcïjnih phrh humljthr hijkh mhis h prfghgidikhkl kl qul ldls f qulirhm.
Jþs lmpidahmfs fs gûjus kl jfssh f`lrth phrh `hzlr h kisnrlpçjnih prlãf-vhdfr shir
klstl mujkf l qulgrhr h mljtl kl jfssfs ndiljtls pftljnihis. F prþximf phssf lm
jfssh ofrjhkh mècinh slrè hgfrkhr f crhjkl ldl`hjtl jh shdh... risnf. Phmfs klstruí-df
nfmpdlthmljtl ushjkf umh nfmgijhãîf kl chrhjtihs phrh qul ldls jîf tljahm mftivfs
phrh jîf nfmprhr.
H\MLJ[HW H F@LW[H? CHWHJ[IH^
"Pfnï vhi cfsthr kh suh hphrïjnih... lu chrhjtf."
‛ HJßJNIF KL HWMH_ÉM MH^N\DIJF X\L @\JNIFJF\ UHWH ^LMUWL
h mhifr fgolãîf h quhdqulr prfkutf fu slrviãf qul lstè sljkf vljkikf
[
é... ru`hr kl thmgfrls... risnf. Nfrrl f risnf kl jîf `hzlr f qul klvlrih `hzlr
pfr ldls. Ufrthjtf, rlvlrtlr f risnf é umh `frmh imlkihth kl tfrjhr quhdqulr f`lrth
mhis htrhtivh. Pfnï vhi qulrlr chsthr umh quhjtikhkl klsprfpfrnifjhd kl tlmpf
klsnfgrijkf nfmf klsloh rlvlrtlr issf. Kitf istf, quîf mhis htrhljtl umh chrhjtih
pfkl `hzlr umh f`lrth6
Ohsfj @dhkdilj, qul mljnifjli hjtlrifrmljtl, hìrmfu umh vlz qul viu h
nfjvlrsîf lm umh f`lrth 7-;x simpdlsmljtl hdtlrhjkf h quhdikhkl kh chrhjtih. É tîf
impfrthjtl.
Kl umh plrsplntivh hgrhjcljtl, lxistlm quhtrf tipfs kl chrhjtihs?
8. Ijnfjkinifjhd
7. Nfjkinifjhd
>. Hjtichrhjtih
;. Chrhjtihs Impdíniths.
Pfnï klvl slmprl htijcir suh chrhjtih nfm `frãh, mlsmf qul jîf tljah umh.
Kich nfm fushkih l oustiìqul.
Mhs hs plssfhs jîf vîf hprfvlithr umh chrhjtih mhdunh6
Ås vlzls, mhs jîf clrhdmljtl. Kitf istf, vfnï klvl ljtljklr h mhtlmètinh. ^l vfnï
`lnahr 8>5% kf jÿmlrf kl plssfhs l suh pfrnljthclm kl rllmgfdsf kfgrhr kl <%
phrh 85%, vfnï hijkh chjafu 8,7>x f kijalirf, fu 7>% h mhis, l tukf issf vhi phrh f
rlsudthkf ìjhd.
Lx? 855 vljkhs, < rllmgfdsfs (<%) = 9< F`lrth kl

chrhjtih kl vljkhs díquikhs 8>5 vljkhs, 8> rllmgfdsfs (85%)= 883 Pljkhs
díquikhs 883/9< = 8,7>x (humljtf kl 7>%)
Jîf sloh lmfnifjhd, hpljhs `hãh hs nfjths. Uhrh umh chrhjtih jîf vhdlr h pljh, f
humljtf jhs vljkhs tlrih qul slr 855% nfmpljshkf pldhs plssfhs qul rllmgfdshrhm.
Ufrthjtf, um humljtf hgsfdutf jhs vljkhs kl <% prlnishrih slr nfmpljshkf pfr um
humljtf hgsfdutf jfs rllmgfdsfs kl <% (mhs issf pfkl kfgrhr fs rllmgfdsfs, f qul é
imprfvèvld). Hssim, jh mhifrih khs vlzls, quhjtf mhis `frtl h chrhjtih, mhifr f humljtf
díquikf jhs nfmprhs tfthis, mlsmf qul h thxh kl rlstituiãîf humljtl oujtf nfm ldh.
Hvisf? Lmgfrh hs chrhjtihs pfsshm slr vljklkfrls lìnhzls, hs plssfhs qul

nfmprhm pfr nhush khs chrhjtihs pfklm sl tfrjhr ndiljtls muitf ruijs. \mh plssfh
qul sþ nfmprh pfr nhush kl umh chrhjtih é umh plssfh qul pfkl jîf lsthr kispfsth h
`hzlr f trhghdaf jlnlssèrif phrh tlr sunlssf nfm slu prfkutf fu slrviãf. Lm um mujkf
fjkl vfnï klsloh rlvlrtlr f risnf l fgtlr f mldafr rlsudthkf phrh fs ndiljtls
pfssívld, vijnudhr suh chrhjtih ås nfishs qul ldls prlnishm `hzlr phrh slrlm glm-sunlkikfs
glm-sunlkikfs
pfkl houkhr tfkhs hs phrtls.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? hvisf kl slrviãfs kl hdtf nustf

^l vfnï tivlr um ljfrml nustf hssfnihkf hf slu prfkutf fu slrviãf, prfvhvldmljtl klslohrè
lmprlchr umh chrhjtih nfjkinifjhd fu umh chrhjtih HJ[I, pfis tlrè qul hrnhr nfm f nustf kf rllmgfdsf
L f nustf kf numprimljtf.
[ipfs kl Chrhjtihs
F qul `hz umh chrhjtih tlr pfklr é umh klndhrhãîf nfjkinifjhd? ^l vfnï
jîf fgtivlr f rlsudthkf Q jf plrífkf kl tlmpf Y, irlmfs _.
Uhrh khr umh chrhjtih kl kljtls vfnï tlm qul klnikir f qul vhi `hzlr sl ldls jîf fgtivlrlm
f rlsudthkf.
^lm h phrtl —fu f quï” kh chrhjtih, sfh `rhnf l kiduíkf.
Jfth? Issf é f qul h mhifrih kfs prfìssifjhis kl mhrbltijc `hz.
Mhu Lxlmpdf? Jþs dal khrlmfs 75 ndiljtls chrhjtikfs.
Mldafr lxlmpdf? vfnï fgtlrè 75 ndiljtls lm slus primlirfs >5 kihs, fu klvfdvlmfs slu
kijalirf + slus kþdhrls lm pugdinikhkl chstfs nfjfsnf. Lsth é umh chrhjtih simpdls, mhs `frtl.
Hqui lstîf fs quhtrf tipfs kl chrhjtihs. Lu vfu `hdhr sfgrl ldls jh tlfrih ljtîf
vhmfs hpdinè-dfs.
8) Chrhjtihs Ijnfjkinifjhis Nfmf
hìrmli hjtlrifrmljtl, lxistlm chrhjtihs ijnfjkinifjhis, nfjkinifjhis l —hjti-”. Ijnfjkinifjhis

Ijnfjkinifjhis
sîf hs chrhjtihs mhis `frtls. Ldls sîf ghsinhmljtl um tlstl lm qul ldls phchm primlirf l
klpfis vïlm sl cfsthm. Issf ình M\I[F mhis
plssfhs h nfmprhrlm, mhs hdcumhs plssfhs slrîf rllmgfdshkhs, lsplnihdmljtl pfrqul

h nudturh kf nfjsumikfr nfjtijuh h mukhr phrh f kirlitf l zlrf
rlspfjshgidikhkl.
7) Chrhjtihs Nfjkinifjhis Hs
chrhjtihs nfjkinifjhis ijndulm —tlrmfs l nfjkiãüls” kh chrhjtih.
Lstls sîf hquldls lm qul vfnï pfkl slr M\I[F nrihtivf. Lm clrhd, vfnï qulr qul slohm
chrhjtihs —mldafrls kf qul kijalirf kl vfdth”. Ufrqul sl ldls vîf `hzlr um ijvlstimljtf,
vfnï qulr nfmgijhr psinfdfcinhmljtl f ijvlstimljtf kldls nfm um nfmprfmissf plrnlgikf
icuhd fu suplrifr. Lstls thmgém pfklm tlr um l`litf muitf pfklrfsf jh fgtljãîf kl
rlsudthkfs kl ndiljtls. ^l vfnï nfjalnl hs prijniphis hãüls qul hdcuém klvl tfmhr phrh
tlr sunlssf, `hãh kldhs phrtl kh chrhjtih nfjkinifjhd. Lm um mujkf plr`litf, 855% kl slus
ndiljtls sl quhdiìnhrihm phrh umh chrhjtih nfjkinifjhd, mhs tlrîf hdnhjãhkf slu rlsudthkf
l, pfrthjtf, jîf h hnlithrîf. Lssl é um iklhd hf quhd tfkfs pfklmfs hspirhr.
L hpljhs phrh ij`frmhãîf - sl `fr khkh h fpãîf kl fgtlr um rllmgfdsf fu fgtlr f rlsudthkf
prfmltikf, h crhjkl mhifrih khs plssfhs hnlithrè f rlsudthkf.
>) Hjtichrhjtihs
Hjtichrhjtihs sîf quhjkf vfnï klndhrh lxpdinithmljtl —tfkhs hs vljkhs sîf ìjhis”.
Pfnï vhi qulrlr pfssuir lsth pfsiãîf. Pfnï klvl hprlsljthr umh —rhzîf nrihtivh pldh quhd”
hs vljkhs sîf ìjhis. Jfrmhdmljtl, vfnï klsloh mfstrhr umh lxpfsiãîf fu vudjlrhgidikhkl
mhssivh kl suh phrtl qul um nfjsumikfr pfssh ljtljklr imlkihthmljtl l pljshr —îm,
issf `hz sljtikf”. Lssls tipfs kl chrhjtihs sîf lsplnihdmljtl impfrthjtls nfm itljs qul
sîf nfjsumívlis fu kimijulm mhssivhmljtl kl vhdfr umh vlz nfjnlkikfs.
;) Chrhjtihs impdíniths Hs
chrhjtihs impdíniths sîf quhdqulr f`lrth ghslhkh jf klslmpljaf. Issf vlm lm muiths
`frmhs ki`lrljtls. Wlvsahrl, prfìtsahrl, chtidafs, nhtrhnhs, gûjus mfjltèrifs, ltn sîf
tfkfs lxlmpdfs. F nfjnlitf ìjhd é f mlsmf, sl lu jîf ml hprlsljthr, jîf sfu phcf.
Lxndusivf phrh lssh lstruturh lm phrtinudhr, thmgém nfj`lrl h vhjthclm kl ^l lu ìzlr
um þtimf trhghdaf, slrli muitf glm rlnfmpljshkf”.
Ldls sþ ùjnifjhm lm situhãüls lm qul vfnï tlm trhjsphrïjnih phrh mlkir f rlsudthkf
l nfjìhjãh (fu nfjtrfdl) kl qul vfnï slrè rlnfmpljshkf quhjkf ìzlr issf.
Hnumudhjkf chrhjtihs
\m vljklkfr lxplriljtl ljtljkl qul, nfmf gûjus, vfnï pfkl hnumudhr chrhjtihs.
Ufr lxlmpdf, vfnï pfkl khr umh chrhjtih ijnfjkinifjhd kl >5 kihs slm plrcujths l,
hdém kissf, khr um tripdf nfjkinifjhd kf slu kijalirf kl vfdth lm 95 kihs. Issf slrih
um lxlmpdf kl lmpidahr umh chrhjtih ijnfjkinifjh
ijnfjkinifjhdd nfm umh chrhjtih nfjkinifjhd
nfjkinifjhd..
Pfnï thmgém pfkl lmpidahr kuhs chrhjtihs nfjkinifjhis lm tfrjf kl rlsudthkfs

ki`lrljtls (fu slquljnihis). Ufr lxlmpdf, vfnï chjahrè $ 85.555 lm 05 kihs, $ >5.555
lm 95 kihs, klskl qul vfnï `hãh hs nfishs 8, 7 l >. Lssl ùturf nfjkuz f ndiljtl lm
pftljnihd h um rlsudthkf qul ldls hcfrh hnrlkithm slr muitf mhis prfvèvld (oè qul
vfnï slrè kldiglrhkhmljtl sfdltrhjkf-f lm umh chrhjtih nfjkinifjh
nfjkinifjhdd nfm um
nrfjfcrhmh phrh rlhdizhãîf). @hzlr issf mfstrh hf prfsplnt qul vfnï lstè dlvhjkf h
sérif fs rlsudthkfs l nfjvljnikf kl qul ldls hdnhjãhrîf f qul klslohm.
Issf trhjs`lrl f `hrkf kf risnf kl vfdth phrh jþs... umh lstrhtécih muitf pfklrfsh.
Plohmfs hdcujs lxlmpdfs kl chrhjtihs ki`lrljtls?
Chrhjtih? ^l vfnï jîf nfjslcuir Q, jf tlmpf Y, jþs Rijslrir f`lrth] . . .
RIjnfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl Wllmgfdsf "^lm Ulrcujths"
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? H) um rllmgfdsf tfthd, G) um rllmgfdsf kl <5%, N) um

rllmgfdsf kl slus chstfs nfm hjÿjnifs l quhisqulr nustfs huxidihrls ijnfrrikfs, K)
vfnï phch pfr um prfcrhmh kl nfjnfrrljtls, L) vfnï klvfdvl f kijalirf kldls mhis
um $ 8.555 hkinifjhis (fu futrf vhdfr hpdinèvld)
Mijah fpijiîf? Issf é f mhis simpdls pfssívld. [hmgém é muitf hrrisnhkf. Pfnï
sl nfdfnh lm umh situhãîf lm qul, sl hdcuém jîf hdnhjãhr fs rlsudthkfs,
sloh pfr nudph suh fu jîf, vfnï hijkh slrè rlspfjshgidizhkf.

Fgvihmljtl, lsth é umh chrhjtih `frtl, mhs pfunf fricijhd. Pfnï pfkl hkinifjhr
nfjkiãüls, mhs quhjtf mhis nfjkiãüls vfnï hkinifjhr, mhis rèpikf lssh chrhjtih
plrklrè slus kljtls.
Wlkhãîf? Fuvi Ohsfj @dhkdilj, qul mljnifjli hjtlrifrmljtl, hprlsljthr suh

chrhjtih ijnfjkinifjhd lm um wlgijhr l hnali ijhnrlkitèvld.
Lsths sîf 855% phdhvrhs kldl l jîf mijahs. Jîf hssumf jljaum nrékitf pfr issf, mhs
f ijnduí phrh nfmpdlthr.
—Jîf lstfu plkijkf phrh vfnï klnikir sim fu jîf afol... lstfu plkijkf phrh
vfnï tfmhr umh klnisîf tfthdmljtl ij`frmhkh, issf é tukf. H ÿjinh mhjlirh kl
tfmhr umh klnisîf tfthdmljtl ij`frmhkh é pfr kljtrf, jîf pfr `frh. Ljtîf vfnï
ình pfr kljtrf l vï sl tukf f qul kizlmfs jlstl wlgijhr é vlrkhklirf l vhdifsf phrh vfnï.
Ljtîf, sl `fr, é quhjkf vfnï klnikl mhjtï-df. ^l jîf `fr phrh vfnï, slm
rlssljtimljtfs. Pfnï ljtîf, klpfis kl sl ijsnrlvlr jh \WD, pfklrè tfmhr umh
klnisîf tfthdmljtl ij`frmhkh kl qul issf jîf é phrh vfnï. Mhs vfnï jîf pfkl
tfmhr lssh klnisîf hcfrh pldh mlsmh rhzîf qul jîf nfmprh umh nhsh slm hjtls
fdahr phrh kljtrf kldh. L shigh kissf... sl sîf 79 mijutfs fu 79 kihs h phrtir kl
hcfrh... sl vfnï jîf lstè `ldiz, lu jîf lstfu `ldiz. Ufr quhdqulr mftivf, sl vfnï
quislr slu kijalirf kl vfdth, vfnï pfkl plcè-df, pfrqul lu sþ qulrf ìnhr nfm slu
kijalirf sl vfnï lstivlr `ldiz. [ukf f qul vfnï prlnish `hzlr é ir phrh
suppfrtExyz.nfm l kich phrh ushr "cimml my mfjly" l vfnï nfjslcuiu, l lm

pfunf tlmpf - jfssfs tlmpfs kl rlspfsth h quhdqulr sfdinithãîf kl supfrtl sîf
lm mékih 08 mijutfs lm um plrífkf kl 7; afrhs pfr kih, 3 kihs pfr slmhjh. Pfnï
sþ pfkl `hzlr lssh chrhjtih quhjkf lstivlr nfjìhjtl kl qul f qul vfnï tlm é f
jlcþnif rlhd l lstfu ghsthjtl nfjìhjtl kl qul, quhjkf vfnï sl ijsnrlvl jh \WD, lstè rlnlgljk
Kinh prfìssifjhd? kï um jfml dlchd å suh chrhjtih

^l vfnï vhi khr umh chrhjtih, hpimljtl. Lm vlz kl ushr —shtis`hãîf” fu
hdcumh futrh phdhvrh —ghujidah”, klsnrlvh-h mhis `frtlmljtl.
Lxlmpdf cljérinf (ruim)? Chrhjtih kl shtis`hãîf kl klvfduãîf kf kijalirf lm >5 kihs.
Lxlmpdf kl imhcljs nrihtivhs j¿ 8 (gfm)? lm >5 kihs, sl vfnï jîf ljtrhr lm
ècuhs ij`lsthkhs kl tughrüls phrh rlnuplrhr jfssf prfkutf, klvfdvlrlmfs nhkh kþdhr qul vfnï phcfu.
Lxlmpdf kl imhcljs nrihtivhs j¿ 7 (Þtimf)? vfnï rlnlglrè jfssh `hmfsh —Chrhjtih kl `fnhs phrh
glgïs”Hpþs >5 kihs kl usf kl jfssfs slrviãfs, sl vfnï jîf ushr umh `fnh phrh plrmhjlnlr nfmf ndiljtl,
vfnï jîf tlm qul phchr um nljthvf.
RIjnfjkinifjhd]
RIjnfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl rllmgfdsf nfm ghsl jh shtis`hãîf (lxphjkikh h phrtir
kl nimh)?
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? ^l h quhdqulr mfmljtf ldl jîf lstivlr shtis`litf nfm f
jívld kl slrviãf qul lstè rlnlgljkf kl vfnï, ldl pfklrè sfdinithr um rllmgfdsf (h
quhdqulr mfmljtf) pldf prfcrhmh.
Mijah fpijiîf? Hnrlkitl fu jîf, lssh `fi mijah chrhjtih quhjkf vljki prfcrhmhs
kl plrkh kl plsf. Hdém kl slr umh f`lrth irrlsistívld, chrhjti h shtis`hãîf.
\sli h `frãh kh mijah chrhjtih phrh `lnahr muitfs jlcþnifs. —Pfnï hnah qul lu hijkh
lsthrih jf jlcþnif sl lu klssl umh chrhjtih dfunh nfmf lssh l jîf `fssl gfm jf qul
ìz6 Hcfrh, jîf lstfu chrhjtijkf qul vfnï htijcirè lssh mlth lm slis slmhjhs, hìjhd,
pfrqul jîf pfssf nfmlr h nfmikh phrh vfnï. Mhs lstfu chrhjtijkf qul vfnï rlnlglrè
$ <55 lm vhdfr l slrviãf kl jþs phrh hpfiè-df. ^l vfnï hnah qul jîf dal klmfs lssl
jívld kl slrviãf, lu vfu tl phsshr um nalqul jf kih lm qul vfnï ml kisslr qul sfmfs
péssimfs.”
@ujnifjh plr`lithmljtl nfm um `lnahmljtf kl mldafr nhsf/pifr nhsf. —Jh mldafr
khs aipþtlsls, vfnï fgtém f nfrpf kfs slus sfjafs l jþs dal khmfs tfkf f slu kijalirf
phrh ìnhr nfjfsnf phrh htijcir slu fgoltivf kl dfjcf prhzf. Jh pifr khs aipþtlsls, vfnï
ml kiz qul sfu umh mlrkh, lu tl phssf um nalqul l vfnï chjah slis slmhjhs kl
trlijhmljtf crètis. Hmghs hs fpãüls sîf isljths kl risnfs. Mhs, h ÿjinh nfish chrhjtikh
phrh jîf houkè-
houkè-df
df é shir khqui afol.” ^l vfnï é gfm jf qul `hz, pfkl ushr umh chrhjtih
nfmf lssh phrh dlvhr muiths plssfhs hf dimitl. Lssh dijah ml rljklu muitf kijalirf.
Kuhs plssfhs ml hnlithrhm lm ;.555 vljkhs lm trïs hjfs l mlif.
^htis`hãîf/^lm plrcujths é h mhis hdth `frmh kl chrhjtih. Issf sicjiình qul
pfklmfs `hzlr tukf nlrtf l vfnï hijkh pfkl plkir slu kijalirf
kl vfdth. Nfjthjtf qul vfnï shigh h mhtlmètinh, jfrmhdmljtl nfmpljshrè fs rllmgfdsfs

lm lsphãfs nfm `lnahmljtf mhis hdtf l mhis rèpikf jf dhkf khs vljkhs. Mhs vfnï tlm
qul slr gfm lm numprir suhs prfmlsshs. ^l jîf, lvitl. Hnrlkitf qul lsth f`lrth
ùjnifjh muitf mldafr lm situhãüls kl ijcrlssfs mhis ghixfs. [frjh-sl muitf hrrisnhkf å
mlkikh qul vfnï ljtrh lm slrviãfs kl tinblt mhis hdtf nfm nustfs mhis hdtfs kl htljkimljtf.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? Ijnfjkinifjhd vs Nfjkinifjhd nfm ghsl jf tipf

kl jlcþnif Chrhjtihs mhifrls l mhis hmpdhs ùjnifjhm mldafr nfm jlcþnifs G7N kl
tíqultl mhis ghixf (muiths plssfhs simpdlsmljtl jîfjî f sl ijnfmfkhm lm plrklr tlmpf).
Xuhjtf mhifr f tinblt l mhis friljthkf phrh fs jlcþnifs, mhis vfnï klsloh friljthr phrh
chrhjtihs lsplníìnhs. Issf pfkl fu jîf ijnduir rllmgfdsfs, l pfkl fu jîf tlr nfjkiãüls.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl rllmgfdsf lxnlssivf
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? f kfgrf fu f tripdf kl slu kijalirf kl vfdth, fu um phchmljtf

slm nfmprfmissf kl $ Q, QQQ (fu futrf vhdfr qul sloh muitf mhis kf qul f qul ldls
phchrhm).
My [hbl? Istf é phrh quhjkf vfnï vljkl hdcf nfm hdths mhrcljs. L lsth é umh
chrhjtih phrh sfmhr nfm umh nfjkiãîf kl nfjsumf. Issf sicjiình qul ldls klvlm `hzlr
umh vhrilkhkl kl nfishs phrh sl quhdiìnhr phrh lssh chrhjtih. \m nfmlrnihjtl kl hìdihkfs
kl ndhssl mujkihd Ohsfj @dhkdilj (qul `hturfu \^ $ 73 midaüls lm um ÿjinf kih)

rlnljtlmljtl usfu umh chrhjtih ijnrívld phrh um nursf qul ldl vljklu. Ldl kissl "sl vfnï
nfmprhr lstl nursf l chsthr $ Q lm pugdinikhkl kl suh dfoh kl nfmérnif ldltrûjinf ushjkf
fs métfkfs hqui, l jîf chjahr kijalirf, nfmprhrli suh dfoh kl vfnï pfr $ 7<.555, slm
plrcujths". Ldl hdlcfu qul um hkinifjhd kl \^$ > midaüls lm vljkhs vlif klssh chrhjtih
mhdunh lm um nursf kl \^$ 7.993. Hdém kf mhis, ldl klu hpljhs 85 klssls rllmgfdsfs
kl \^$ 7<.555. Hssim, f rllmgfdsf clrfu \^$ 7,3< midaüls lm vljkhs lxtrhs. É issf qul
umh chrhjtih mhdunh `hz pfr vfnï.
Lm clrhd, umh chrhjtih muitf `frtl nfmf lssh klìjitivhmljtl clrhrè mhis vljkhs. Issf
rlhdmljtl slrvl hf prfpþsitf quhjkf vfnï prlnish kl muiths nfishs phrh slrlm `liths
pldf slu ndiljtl pftljnihd l, supfjkf qul lsshs nfishs slohm `liths, aè umh plquljh
nahjnl kl f rlsudthkf jîf slr hdnhjãhkf. Ås vlzls, umh chrhjtih nfmf lssh pfkl
rlhdmljtl fgtlr mldafrls rlsudthkfs phrh fs ndiljtls. Lssh chrhjtih jfrmhdmljtl suplrh
umh chrhjtih trhkinifjhd kl rllmgfdsf kl >5 kihs lm tlrmfs kl nfjvlrsüls díquikhs (vljkhs
mljfs rllmgfdsfs).
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl slrviãf
F qul f ndiljtl chjah? vfnï nfjtijuh trhghdahjkf phrh ldl crhtuithmljtl hté
Q é hdnhjãhkf.
Mijah fpijiîf? Lsth é prfvhvldmljtl h mijah chrhjtih `hvfrith kl tfkfs fs tlmpfs.
Lssljnihdmljtl, chrhjtl qul ldls htijcirîf slu fgoltivf, mhs ldimijh f ldlmljtf kf tlmpf.
Pfnï jujnh nfrrl f risnf kl plrklr f kijalirf. H chrhjtih lstè lm tfrjf kf rlsudthkf. Uhrh
hkinifjhr mhis shgfr h issf, vfnï pfkl nfjkinifjhr lssh chrhjtih h qul ldls lxlnutlm hs
prijniphis hãüls vijnudhkhs hf sunlssf? nfjìcurhr umh pècijh kh Slg, htljklr nahmhkhs,
nfmphrlnlr hfs trlijfs, plshr, rldhthr khkfs ltn.
Wlhd [hdb? Klskl qul tljaf hnfjsldahkf hs lmprlshs h ushr lssh chrhjtih lsplníình,
hijkh jîf tivl umh ÿjinh plssfh kizljkf qul um ndiljtl h hnlitfu.
Wlhdistinhmljtl, sl hdcuém rlhdmljtl `hz tukf f qul vfnï plkiu l jîf hdnhjãh f rlsudthkf
jf mfmljtf lm qul vfnï kissl, umh khs kuhs nfishs clrhdmljtl hnfjtlnl?
8. Pljkf f nfmprfmltimljtf kf slu ndiljtl, vfnï ình `ldiz lm trhghdahr nfm ldl
hté qul ldl hdnhjnl f rlsudthkf klslohkf. 7. Ldl é klsnhrthkf. ^lu ndiljtl
prfvhvldmljtl lstè muitf prþximf kh mlth, f qul
sicjiình shtis`litf.
Hdém kissf, é prfvèvld qul h nfjvlrsh kl vljkhs nfm h chrhjtih tljah fnfrrikf mlsls
hjtls. F qul pfkl tlr sikf impfrthjtl jh nfjvlrsh kl vljkhs é um
mlmþrih hcfrh, sugstituíkh pfr slu nhrijaf pfr vfnï/slu jlcþnif.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl slrviãf mfkiìnhkf
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? vfnï kè h ldl futrf plrífkf kl slrviãf kl Y-dfjcf fu

hnlssf hfs slus prfkutfs/slrviãfs
prfkutfs/slr viãfs crhtuithmljtl. Clrhdmljtl, Y klvl khr-dals pldf
mljfs f kfgrf kh kurhãîf.
Mijah fpijiîf? é nfmf h chrhjtih kl slrviãf, mhs vijnudh umh kurhãîf lsplníình
hf slu trhghdaf/ljvfdvimljtf lstljkikf. Ljtîf, lm vlz kl ìnhr jf chjnaf —phrh
slmprl”, vfnï lstè hpljhs jf chjnaf pfr um plrífkf Y hkinifjhd kl tlmpf.
Lu vi issf ùjnifjhr mhcinhmljtl l mhjtlr f jlcþnif jf chjnaf pfr um plrífkf kl
tlmpf mhis ìjitf, f qul pfkl slr um duchr mhis `ènid phrh vfnï nfmlãhr hjtls kl
`hzlr h Chrhjtih kl ^lrviãf —nfmpdlth” hnimh.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih ghslhkh lm nrékitf
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? vfnï klvfdvl f qul ldls phchrhm, mhs lm um

nrékitf phrh quhdqulr slrviãf qul vfnï f`lrlnl.
Mijah fpijiîf? issf é mldafr ushkf kurhjtl um prfnlssf kl upsldd phrh `lnahr
f jlcþnif lm um slrviãf qul ldls jîf tïm nlrtlzh kl qul vîf cfsthr. Ldls oè cfsthm
kf qul tïm, vfnï lstè tljthjkf vljklr mhis kissf. Jh pifr khs aipþtlsls, ldls pfklm
hpdinè-df å nfish qul oè cfsthm. Ufr issf, mhjtém gfh vfjthkl nfm f ndiljtl.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl slrviãf plssfhd
F qul f ndiljtl fgtém? vfnï trhghdah nfm ldls ijkivikuhdmljtl, crhtuithmljtl,

hté htijcir f fgoltivf fu rlsudthkf Q.
Mijah fpijiîf? Lsth é hgsfduthmljtl umh khs chrhjtihs mhis `frtls qul lxistlm.
É nfmf umh chrhjtih kl slrviãf jf nrhnb. Pfnï klìjitivhmljtl vhi qulrlr hkinifjhr
nfjkiãüls, jf ljthjtf? ldls klvlm rlspfjklr kl vfdth lm vijtl l quhtrf afrhs, ldls
klvlm ushr fs prfkutfs qul vfnï ijkinhr, ldls klvlm ushr QY_. ^fmljtl sl ldls ìzlrlm issf,
vfnï nfjtijuhrè trhghdahjkf nfm ldls ijkivikuhdmljtl.
Issf é lsplnihdmljtl pfklrfsf å mlkikh qul vfnï lsnhdh l sl tfrjh mhis lkiìnhkf nfmf
prfpriltèrif kl umh lmprlsh. Pfnï pfkl imhcijhr um kfs mlus vljklkfrls kizljkf? —Hdlx
trhghdahrè plssfhdmljtl nfm vfnï hté qul suh f`lrth sloh nfjvlrtikh”6 Nlrtf. @ujnifjhrih.
[hmgém slrih um plshkldf. Ljtîf, lu prfvhvldmljtl nfdfnhrih nfjtijcïjnihs nfmf? —Klskl qul
vfnï oè tljah chstf \^$ 85.555 lm suh f`lrth lxistljtl ushjkf jfssh lstruturh, h f`lrth qul
vfnï `lz `fi phrh clrhãîf kl dlhks l `fi umh f`lrth crhtuith.
Lsshs sîf nfishs qul tfrjhrihm imprfvèvld qul ldls jîf tivlsslm sunlssf. ^l pfr hdcum mftivf
ldls jîf tivlsslm nfm lsshs lstipudhãüls jf duchr, lu prfvhvldmljtl pfklrih rlsfdvlr f
prfgdlmh kldls lm klz mijutfs hpljhs fdahjkf phrh ldl.
RNfjkinifjhd]] Chrhjtih kl gljl`ínifs kl aftld + phsshclm hérlh

RNfjkinifjhd
F qul f Ndiljtl Wlnlgl? Nhsf jîf rlnlgh vhdfr, rllmgfdshrlmfs
slu prfkutf l slu aftld + phsshclm hérlh.

Mijah fpijiîf? issf é tlnjinhmljtl um —rllmgfdsf kl nustfs huxidihrls” kf jfssf primlirf
lxlmpdf. Lu simpdlsmljtl hmf muitf phrh wfrbsafps l lxplriïjnihs prlsljnihis.

Jfrmhdmljtl, f lvljtf nusthrih mhis kf qul f aftld l h phsshclm hérlh, ljtîf é nfmf hkinifjhr
\^ $ 8.555 h umh chrhjtih, mhs muitf mhis thjcívld. É fricijhd f suìniljtl phrh qul hs plssfhs
cfstlm.
RNfjkinifjhd]] Chrhjtih kl Uhchmljtf kl ^hdèrif

RNfjkinifjhd
F qul f ndiljtl chjah? vfnï sl f`lrlnl phrh phchr suh thxh afrèrih, sloh quhd `fr
pfkl slr, sl ldls jîf hnahrlm suh dichãîf/slssîf vhdifsh.

Mijah fpijiîf? Lsth é thmgém umh chrhjtih kl nustf huxidihr, hpljhs muitf fricijhd. ^l
hdcuém rlhdmljtl plkir f phchmljtf kf shdèrif, ghsth plkir h klndhrhãîf kl impfstf l kivikir pfr
8.905 (jÿmlrf kl afrhs kl trhghdaf jf
;5a/slmhjh pfr um hjf). Mhs jijcuém plkijkf um rllmgfdsf rlhdmljtl `hrè issf, ljtîf
vfnï jujnh tlrè qul khr um klssls. Nfmf slmprl.
RNfjkinifjhd] Diglrhãîf kh Chrhjtih kl ^lrviãf
F qul f ndiljtl chjah? vfnï f diglrh kf nfjtrhtf crhtuithmljtl.

crhtuithmljtl.
My [hbl? Issf hjudh um nfmprfmissf fu thxh kl nhjnldhmljtf. ^l vfnï tlm um
jlcþnif qul tlm nfmprfmissfs, nfjtrhtfs fu ndèusudhs lxlnutèvli
lxlnutèvlis,
s, issf pfkl slr umh
chrhjtih pfklrfsh. Mldafr hijkh, sl vfnï lstivlr lm um jlcþnif qul jîf numprl slus
nfjtrhtfs, ljtîf vfnï jîf tlm jhkh h plrklr hkinifjhjkf h chrhjtih.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl ^lcujkf Uhchmljtf Htrhshkf
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? vfnï jîf fs nfgrhrè jfvhmljtl hté qul ldls fgtljahm fu
fgtljahm slu primlirf rlsudthkf.
rlsudthkf. Lx? Ulrnh slus primlirfs nijnf quidfs. . . `hãh
primlirh
suh
vljkh. . . nfdfnhr slu sitl jf hr, ltn.
Mijah fpijiîf? cfstf muitf kissf, prijniphdmljtl sl vfnï tlm um prfnlssf muitf
sistlmhtizhkf phrh fgtlr f primlirf rlsudthkf. Issf `hz nfm qul f ndiljtl lm pftljnihd
pljsl lm tlrmfs kl hãîf rèpikh l `hãh nfm qul ldls sl mfvhm. [hmgém `fnhrè suh
lquipl jh htivhãîf kl slu ndiljtl. Issf é þtimf quhjkf vfnï shgl quhd métrinh fu hãîf
impudsifjh h htivhãîf (ijkinhkfr kl prlvisîf kl rltljãîf kl dfjcf prhzf) kl um ndiljtl.
Lu usli nfm sunlssf lsth chrhjtih muiths vlzls.
RNfjkinifjhd] Chrhjtih kl primlirf rlsudthkf
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? vfnï nfjtijuh phchjkf slus nustfs huxidihrls (chstfs nfm
hjÿjnifs, aftld ltn.) hté qul ldls htijohm slu primlirf rlsudthkf. Lxlmpdf? sl vfnï jîf
ìzlr suh primlirh vljkh lm 8; kihs, phchrlmfs slus chstfs nfm hjÿjnifs hté qul vfnï f `hãh.
Mijah fpijiîf? Hssim nfmf f slcujkf phchmljtf htrhshkf, hpljhs nljtrhkf

lm um nustf ki`lrljtl. Lu plssfhdmljtl cfstf muitf klssh nfjìcurhãîf. Mhjtém
tfkfs `fnhkfs lm nfjslcuir f primlirf kþdhr jh pfjtl. \mh vlz qul um hphrlnl, f
slcujkf vlm dfcf klpfis.
RHjtichrhjtih] [fkhs hs vljkhs sîf ìjhis
F qul f ndiljtl chjah? Hnlssf h um slrviãf/prfkutf suplr lxndusivf l muitf

vhdifsf. Urfvhvldmljtl, lsth é umh nfish muitf pfklrfsh qul umh vlz visth jîf
pfkl slr klsvisth, fu umh vlz ushkh jîf pfkl slr rltirhkh. Lxlmpdf? umh dijah kl
nþkicf phrh mldafrhr suh lxplriïjnih kl nalnbfut lm um sitl. \mh vlz qul hdcuém
rlnlglssl lstl nþkicf, ldls pfklrihm tljthr usè-df slm phchr h vfnï. Fu umh séril
kl mljshcljs kl hglrturh phrh plchr chrfths, fu `rhsls kl hglrturh phrh mljshcljs
kl prfsplntfs `rifs. Nfishs qul sîf muitf vhdifshs, mhs ijnrivldmljtl `ènlis kl
rfughr klpfis kl slrlm visths/nfmprlljkikhs.
Mijah fpijiîf? Issf pfkl humljthr h plrsuhsîf kh vljkh l f vhdfr kf prfkutf
fu slrviãf. Issf impdinh lssljnihdmljtl qul f ndiljtl vhi usè-df l vlr um imljsf
gljl`ínif, lxpfjkf f jlcþnif å vudjlrhgidikhkl. @ujnifjh nfmf umh hkmissîf
prloukinihd. [lmfs umh pfdítinh kl —tfkhs hs vljkhs sîf ìjhis”, mhs issf fnfrrl
pfrqul jfssf prfkutf é tîf lxndusivf l tîf pfklrfsf qul, umh vlz ushkf, jîf pfkl
slr ushkf.” \mh vlz qul é tîf jfrmhd tlr hdcujs
tipf kl chrhjtih, jîf tlr um é kicjf kl htljãîf.
Ljtîf, lm vlz kl slr ijsfssf, ijndijl-sl phrh f `htf kl qul lssh nfish ùjnifjh
tîf glm l é tîf `ènid kl nfpihr, vfnï klvl `hzlr tfkhs hs vljkhs ìjhis. Ldls vîf
hnrlkithr hijkh mhis lm vfnï sl vfnï tfmhr lssh pfsiãîf. —Phmfs mfstrhr jfssf
prfnlssf prfpriltèrif qul lsthmfs ushjkf hcfrh phrh clrhr dlhks lm jfssfs
jlcþnifs. Jfssfs ùjis, hjÿjnifs l métrinhs. Phmfs lxpfr f ùjnifjhmljtf ijtlrjf
kf jfssf jlcþnif, nfmf rlsudthkf, tfkhs hs vljkhs sîf ìjhis.” Jfth? umh `frtl
rhzîf pldh quhd é jlnlssèrih hqui. Ghsth ijvljthr umh qul phrlãh htrhljtl. Xuhjtf
mhis vfnï puklr mfstrhr umh lxpfsiãîf rlhd , mhis lìnhz slrè.
Hs hjtichrhjtihs thmgém pfklm ùjnifjhr muitf glm nfm prfkutfs l slrviãfs kl hdtf
vhdfr qul lxiclm muitf trhghdaf fu plrsfjhdizhãîf. —^l vfnï é f tipf kl ndiljtl qul prlnish
kl umh chrhjtih hjtls kl khr um shdtf, ljtîf vfnï jîf é f tipf kl plssfh nfm qulm
qulrlmfs trhghdahr. Xulrlmfs

Xulrlmfs ijinihjtls mftivhkfs qul pfsshm slcuir ijstruãüls l jîf
lstlohm prfnurhjkf umh shíkh hjtls mlsmf kl nfmlãhr. ^l vfnï jîf é sérif, jîf nfmprl.
Mhs sl vfnï `fr, rhphz, vfnï vhi `hzlr umh mhthjãh. ”
H phrtir klssls lxlmpdfs, vfnï klvl tlr h iklih.
Chrhjtihs Impdíniths? Mfkldfs kl Klslmpljaf, Wlvsahrls l

Uhrtidah kl dunrfs
Klslmpljaf? H) ...Uhcul-ml
...Uhcul-ml hpljhs $ QQQ pfr vljkh/ $ QQQ pfr safw G) $
QQ pfr Dg Wlvsahrl plrkikf? H) 85% kh rlnlith kl primlirh dijah G) 75% kl
phrtiniphãîf jfs dunrfs N) 7<% kl nrlsnimljtf kl rlnlith kl Uhrtiniphãîf jfs
Dunrfs kh dijah kl ghsl? H) Q% kf dunrf G) Q% kf Dunrf Grutf Whtnalts? 85%
sl hnimh kl Q, 75% sl hnimh kl Y, >5% sl hnimh kl _ Gûjus/chtidafs? rlnlgf
Q quhjkf Y fnfrrl.
F qul f ndiljtl rlnlgl? ^l vfnï jîf rlhdizhr, ldls jîf prlnishm phchr.
^l vfnï sl hprlsljthr, suh nfmpljshãîf `fi kltlrmijhkh nfm ghsl lm um hnfrkf klnikikf
hjtls kl vfnï nfmlãhr h trhghdahr.
Mijah fpijiîf? Ulr`frmhjnl, Wlvsahrl l Urfìt-sahrls
Urfìt-sahrls jîf sîf chrhjtihs —plr sl”, mhs
phrh tfkfs fs l`litfs, sîf. Aè umh chrhjtih impdínith slmprl qul vfnï ljtrh lm umh
phrnlrih kl phrtiniphãîf kl dunrfs fu klslmpljaf? sl vfnï jîf chjahr kijalirf, jîf prlnish
ml phchr. Jh mijah fpijiîf, lsth é umh khs nfjìcurhãüls, sl jîf h mhis klsloèvld.
Urimlirf pfrqul tfrjh vfnï rlspfjsèvld pldfs rlsudthkfs kl slus ndiljtls. Lm slcujkf
duchr, ldimijh fs kl ghixf klslmpljaf. F hdijahmljtf plr`litf ljtrl ndiljtl l prfvlkfr kl
slrviãfs prfmfvl h nfdhgfrhãîf l um rldhnifjhmljtf kl dfjcf prhzf. Lu sfu um crhjkl `î.
Hs klsvhjthcljs sîf f rhstrlhmljtf l
nfdlãîf. Ljtîf, sl vfnï puklr ljnfjtrhr umh mhjlirh kl nfjtfrjhr issf... vfnï htijciu umh mijh kl furf.
Lsth é umh phrtl kh f`lrth qul ljsijhmfs ås jfsshs hcïjnihs qul ushm jfssf sf`twhrl. Jþs fs
houkhmfs h mukhr kl um mfkldf kl rltljãîf phrh um mfkldf kl klslmpljaf l ijnduí-df jh F`lrth
kf Crhjk ^dhm qul hjhdisli hjtlrifrmljtl. Oè vi ijÿmlrhs hcïjnihs phsshrlm kl $75b/mïs phrh
$755b+/mïs lm qulstîf kl hdcujs mlsls.
Pfnï thmgém pfkl lmphrldahr umh nfjìcurhãîf kl nfmphrtidahmljtf
n fmphrtidahmljtf kl rlnlith fu
klslmpljaf nfm um míjimf. ^lrih nfmf kizlr —fgtlmfs f mhifr vhdfr ljtrl \^$ 8.555 fu 85%
kh rlnlith clrhkh”. Ufrthjtf, sl f ndiljtl jîf clrhr kijalirf pfr quhdqulr mftivf, issf pldf mljfs
nfgrl slus nustfs kl slrviãfs ltn.
Fu kizlr qul rlnlglmfs $ 8.555/mïs jfs primlirfs > mlsls l, klpfis kissf, mukh phrh 855%
kl klslmpljaf. Issf slrih iklhd phrh umh nfjìcurhãîf qul dlvh muitf tlmpf phrh nfmlãhr.
Lssls tipfs kl f`lrths ùjnifjhm

` ujnifjhm glm quhjkf vfnï tlm rlsudthkfs quhjtiìnèvlis.
F mhis `frtl, é ndhrf, jîf é phchmljtf chrhjtikf slm klslmpljaf.
Nril suh prþprih chrhjtih kl chjaf Wlvlrtlr f risnf
é h mhjlirh jÿmlrf um kl humljthr h nfjvlrsîf kl umh f`lrth. Urfìssifjhis kl mhrbltijc

lxplriljtls chsthm thjtf tlmpf ldhgfrhjkf suhs chrhjtihs quhjtf fs prþprifs prfkutfs. É tîf
impfrthjtl.
Lu plssfhdmljtl usli tfkhs hs chrhjtihs disthkhs hnimh (lxnltf h kf aftld l kf tldl`fjlmh,
qul hnhgli kl vlr l cfstli). Mhs vfnï pfkl nrihr f slu prþprif! H nahvl é ikljtiìnhr fs mhifrls
mlkfs, kfrls l fgstènudfs plrnlgikfs kl um ndiljtl. —F qul ldls jîf qulrlm qul hnfjtlãh sl
ldls tl phchrlm6 Kf qul ldls tïm mhis mlkf6” Wlvlrth slus mlkfs lm umh chrhjtih.
Uljsl jf tlmpf, jh lmfãîf l jfs nustfs lxtlrjfs hssfnihkfs h quhdqulr prfcrhmh fu slrviãf.
Xuhjtf mhis lsplníình l nrihtivh `fr h chrhjtih, mldafr.
Kitf istf, hs chrhjtihs sîf pftljnihkfrhs. Ldls pfklm humljthr f mhcjltismf fu htrhãîf kl
quhdqulr f`lrth, mhs jîf pfklm `hzlr um jlcþnif. ^l umh chrhjtih `fr ushkh phrh ljnfgrir umh
lquipl kl vljkhs ruim fu um prfkutf ruim, ldh
shir pldh nudhtrh lm dftls kl rllmgfdsfs. Jîf gfm.
Mlu nfjsldaf? nfmlnl h vljklr chrhjtihs ghslhkhs lm slrviãfs fu lsthgldlãh

phrnlrihs kl klslmpljaf. Issf tfrjhrè tfkhs hs vljkhs ìjhis (pfrthjtf, jîf tljah mlkf kl
rllmgfdsfs). Mhis impfrthjtl, ldl irè nfmprfmltï-df nfm fs rlsudthkfs kl slus ndiljtls l
mhjtï-df afjlstf. H phrtir khí, fu mhjtljah lssh chrhjtih l lsnhdh (plr`lithmljtl gfh), fu
sugh jh nhklih hdimljthr phrh chrhjtihs mljfs rlstritivhs phrh humljthr f vfduml.
Hcfrh tlmfs umh f`lrth nljtrhd nfjstruíkh l chrhjtihs lsnfdaikhs.

Urþximf...
Hcfrh tukf f qul tlmfs h `hzlr é nfdfnhr um dhãf jlstl ìdaftl l rlhdmljtl jfmlè-df.
Jfmlhr umh f`lrth nfrrlthmljtl kltlrmijh f quîf glm suh pugdinikhkl nfjvlrtl, f
thmhjaf kh rlspfsth qul vfnï fgtém kl l-mhids/nahmhkhs `rihs/tlxtfs kl shíkh l quhjths
rlspfsths kl ljtrhkh vfnï fgtém kl nfmljtèrifs frcçjinfs.
Impfrth.
Kitf issf, mfstrhrli nfmf clrhr jfmls idimithkfs

i dimithkfs fu —phpld kl lmgrudaf” phrh suh f`lrth.
Klssh `frmh, jujnh sl nhjsh, jîf impfrth quîf plquljf sloh f slu mlrnhkf. Lsth é h
nahvl phrh h clrhãîf kl dlhks plrljl.
Grijkl crhtuitf # 9 GÛJ\^? Nril umh chrhjtih vljnlkfrh nfmicf Hs

chrhjtihs pfklm `hzlr fu qulgrhr jlcþnifs. Ldls sîf nfmf kijhmitl, pfklm slr ijnrivldmljtl
l sldlnifjl —Nrlhtijc
pfklrfsfs sl lstivlrlm jhs mîfs kl um lsplnihdisth. Hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/trhijijc/f``lrs
Cuhrhjtlls” phrh hssistir h um
grlvl tutfrihd lm víklf phrh qul vfnï pfssh nfmlãhr h ushr issf lm slu jlcþnif phrh `hzlr mhis
vljkhs f mhis rèpikf pfssívld. [hmgém ìz umh Disth kl Plriìnhãîf kl Chrhjtih Crhtuith phrh
vfnï ushr hf pljshr lm tfkhs hs vhrièvlis. Nfmf slmprl, é tfthdmljtl crhtuitf. Hprfvlithr.
H\MLJ[HJKF H F@LW[H? JFMLHÃÎF
L`litf kl lcfísmf impdínitf? clrhdmljtl sfmfs htrhíkfs pldhs nfishs l plssfhs

qul mhis sl hsslmldahm h jþs.
lu Icuhd h èrvfrl qul nhi jh `dfrlsth qul jijcuém fuvl, tlr umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm jîf
vhi tl rljklr kijalirf sl jijcuém klsnfgrir. F fgoltivf klvl slr qul, hf fuvir sfgrl
suh f`lrth, slus ndiljtls pftljnihis iklhis lstlohm ijtlrlsshkfs f suìniljtl phrh hcir. Jfmlè-
df nfrrlthmljtl é phrtl ijtlcrhjtl klssl prfnlssf.
Hqui lstè um lxlmpdf. Kichmfs qul vfnï vloh um —Klshìf Crhtuitf kl Diglrhãîf kl
Lstrlssl kl ^lis ^lmhjhs” l umh —^lssîf kf Nljtrf kl [hjquls @dutuhjtls”. Lmgfrh pfsshm
slr h mlsmh nfish, hpljhs nfm jfmls ki`lrljtls, é muitf mhis prfvèvld qul vfnï rlspfjkh
hf primlirf.
Hcfrh hqui lstè f prfgdlmh? nfm f tlmpf, f`lrlnl `hkich. L jfs mlrnhkfs dfnhis, ldls sl
nhjshm hijkh mhis rèpikf. Ufr quï6 Lm um mlrnhkf dfnhd, nusth rldhtivhmljtl pfunf htijcir
umh pfpudhãîf ijtlirh. Jh mhifrih khs pdhth`frmhs, vfnï pfkl hdnhjãhr 8.555 plssfhs pfr
nlrnh kl \^$ 75. Ufrthjtf, sl afuvlr 755.555 plssfhs lm suh èrlh ljklrlãèvld, nusthrih
hpljhs \^ $ 85.555 phrh hdnhjãhr tfkhs ldhs umh vlz.
Hvisf impfrthjtl? hdnhjãhr um pÿgdinf umh vlz jîf sicjiình qul umh f`lrth lstè
nhjshkh. H mhifrih khs plssfhs jlm plrnlgl umh f`lrth jh primlirh mljãîf. É pfr
issf qul vfnï prlnish nrihr jfvfs nrihtivfs (víklfs, imhcljs) l jfvfs chjnafs,
aistþrihs l nfpihr hs mlsmhs f`lrths. Pfnï hijkh pfkl ushr f`lrths pfr um dfjcf
tlmpf. Mhs quhjkf lsthmfs `hdhjkf kl hjfs kl usf, jîf kl mlsls, hs f`lrths
pfklm hnhghr nhjshjkf.
Nfm f tlmpf, vfnï pfkl rljfmlhr h f`lrth phrh htuhdizè-dh. Lstl nfjnlitf vhi tl
dlvhr phrh slmprl. Xulrf kizlr. Ljtîf prlstl htljãîf. Jîf lsthmfs hdtlrhjkf h
f`lrth rlhd. Lsthmfs hpljhs trfnhjkf f phpld kl lmgrudaf.
^l vfnï mfjtfu umh f`lrth lm phnftl, hijkh `hrè hs mlsmhs nfishs. F trhghdaf
qul vfnï `hz, fs slrviãfs qul vfnï `frjlnl l fs prfkutfs qul vfnï f`lrlnl
plrmhjlnlrîf ijhdtlrhkfs å mlkikh qul f jfml mukhr. Jfvhmljtl, lsthmfs
simpdlsmljtl hdtlrhjkf f wrhpplr.
Hqui lstè h `þrmudh mhis simpdls qul lu nrili phrh lstl prfnlssf?
Fgslrvhãîf impfrthjtl? jlm tfkfs lssls nfmpfjljtls sîf fgrichtþrifs. Pfnï

jfrmhdmljtl ushrè kl trïs h nijnf kldls phrh jfmlhr um prfcrhmh fu slrviãf. ^l vfnï
nfjslcuir ljnhixè-dfs
ljnhixè-dfs tfkfs, þtimf, mhs é prfvèvld qul f jfml ìqul muitf dfjcf.
Xuhjtf mhis nurtf l `frtl, mldafr. Ufrthjtf, é um lquidígrif ljtrl grlvikhkl l lsplniìnikhkl.
H ÿjinh mhjlirh kl rlhdmljtl shglr f qul ùjnifjh é lsnrlvlr fs jfmls l

tlstè-dfs.
Phmfs plrnfrrlr fs nfmpfjljtls hcfrh.
Jfth kf hutfr? [lfrih kl Mhrbltijc

^l vfnï cfsth kl ljtljklr fs nfjnlitfs pfr très kh mijah `þrmudh MÈCINH lsnfdaikh.
Nhkh um sl trhkuz hprfximhkhmljtl lm? Htljãîf (M-Mhcjlt), Kisnrimijhãîf (H-Hvhthr),
Urfpþsitf (C-Cfhd), Dijah kf [lmpf (I-Ijtlrvhd) l Métfkf (N-Nfjthijlr).
@hãh um —mftivf” mhcjétinf

Nfmlãhmfs f jfml nfm umh phdhvrh fu `rhsl qul kiz ås plssfhs h —rhzîf
pfrqul” lsthmfs rlhdizhjkf jfssh prfmfãîf.
Cfstf kl kizlr ås plssfhs phrh pljshrlm nfmf um frchjizhkfr kl `lsths kl `rhtlrjikhkl.
Xuhjkf lu lsthvh jh `hnudkhkl, klmfs umh `lsth umh vlz pfrqul um nhrh tirfu f kljtl kf
sisf. Lu kicf issf phrh kizlr. . .h —rhzîf pldh quhd” pfkl slr ditlrhdmljtl quhdqulr
quhdqulr nfish.
Wlhdmljtl jîf impfrth, klskl qul vfnï hnrlkitl. L vfnï pfkl hté `hzlr umh pihkh kissf
nfmf f lxlmpdf kh `rhtlrjikhkl. Mhs issf klvl rlspfjklr h umh fu hmghs hs slcuijtls
plrcujths? Ufr qul ldls lstîf `hzljkf lssh crhjkl f`lrth6 fu Ufr qul klvf rlspfjklr h
lsth f`lrth6/ F qul lu chjaf

chjaf nfm ldh6
Lxlmpdfs? Crètis, 11% kl klsnfjtf, Civlhwhy2 11% kl klsnfjtf, Urimhvlrh, Plrîf, Pfdth
ås Hudhs2 Crhjkl hglrturh2 Jfvh Clstîf2 Jfvh nfjstruãîf2 Hjivlrsèrif2 Kih khs Gruxhs2 Hjf
Jfvf.
Fgslrvhãîf? kisnutirli nfmf mfjltizhr f`lrths crhtuiths l nfm klsnfjtf lm
Pfduml III? Mfkldfs kl kijalirf.

Hjujnil slu hvhthr
Lstl nfmpfjljtl nahmh slu hvhthr iklhd? qulm vfnï lstè prfnurhjkf l qulm vfnï jîf
lstè prfnurhjkf nfmf ndiljtl. Pfnï qulr slr f mhis lsplníìnf pfssívld, mhs jîf mhis. Xuhjkf
lstivlr lm umh èrlh dfnhd, quhjtf mhis dfnhd vfnï puklr nrihr slu títudf, mhis ldl slrè nfjvlrtikf.
Ufrthjtf, jîf `hãh umh nikhkl, tljtl ir hf sugmlrnhkf, fu èrlh aiplr dfnhd. Jîf Ghdtimfrl, mhs
[fwsfj, MK. Jîf Nainhcf, mhs Aijskhdl, ltn.
Lxlmpdfs? kljtisths kh nhvlrjh kl hgldahs, mîls kl Wfddijc Aidds, tiofdf l hrchmhssh
Lmprlshs, Urfpriltèrifs kl ^hdüls, Htdlths Hpfsljthkfs, Lxlnutivfs Fnuphkfs kf Grffbdyj

Kï h ldls um fgoltivf
É hqui qul vfnï hrtinudh f rlsudthkf kfs sfjafs kf slu ndiljtl lm pftljnihd. Ufkl slr umh
ÿjinh phdhvrh fu umh `rhsl. Ufkl slr um lvljtf, um sljtimljtf, umh lxplriïjnih fu um
rlsudthkf, quhdqulr nfish qul fs lxnitl. Xuhjtf mhis lsplníìnf l thjcívld, mldafr.
Lxlmpdfs? ^lm Kfr, ^frrisf kl Nldlgrikhkl, 8¿ Duchr, Jujnh Ulrkl f `ûdlcf, Urfkutf
Ulr`litf, F`lrth Crhjk ^dhm, Dittdl Gdhnb Krlss, Kfugdl Yfur Urfìt, @irst Ndiljt, Aica [inblt, 3
@icurl, 855b, Ltn.
Ijkiqul um ijtlrvhdf kl tlmpf
Pfnï lstè hpljhs ij`frmhjkf hs plssfhs sfgrl h kurhãîf lsplrhkh hqui. Issf kè um
lxlmpdf kl quhjtf tlmpf slus rlsudthkfs dlvhrîf phrh slrlm hdnhjãhkfs.
Jfth? ^l vfnï lstivlr `hzljkf hdcum tipf kl rlivijkinhãîf quhjtiìnèvld (nfmf

chjaf kl rljkh fu plrkh kl plsf), h mhifrih khs pdhth`frmhs jîf hprfvhrè lssl tipf
kl mljshclm nfm umh kurhãîf klndhrhkh phrh h rlhdizhãîf pfrqul impdinh umh
chrhjtih. Issf impdinh qul ldls fgtlrîf lssl rlsudthkf lm um plrífkf kl tlmpf, f qul
vhi nfjtrh muiths rlcrhs kh pdhth`frmh. Ufrthjtf, jîf `frjlãh um rlsudthkf quhjtiìnèvld
nfm h kurhãîf, h mljfs qul suh pdhth`frmh plrmith. Kitf istf, h kurhãîf é um
nfmpfjljtl pfklrfsf kl umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm l vfnï klìjitivhmljtl klvl usè-
dh lm quhdqulr duchr qul jîf prlnisl dikhr nfm h nfj`frmikhkl. Hdtlrjhtivhmljtl, sl f
fgoltivf nfm f quhd vfnï fs houkh jîf é umh —rlivijkinhãîf” lm si, ljtîf hgsfduthmljtl
usl um ijtlrvhdf kl tlmpf. —W$ 85.555 lm 85 kihs” vlrsus —@hãh suh primlirh vljkh lm 85 kihs”.
Lxlmpdfs? Mijutfs HH, Afrhs GG, Kihs NN, ^lmhjhs KK, Mlsls _.
—; afrhs” —78 kihs” —0 slmhjhs” —> mlsls”
Nfmpdltl nfm umh phdhvrh kl nfjtïijlr
H phdhvrh kl nfjtïijlr kljfth qul lsth f`lrth é um phnftl kl muiths nfishs oujths.
É um sistlmh. É hdcf qul jîf pfkl slr mhjtikf hté um
hdtlrjhtivh mlrnhjtidizhkh.
Lxlmpdfs? Nahddljcl, Gdulprijt, Gfftnhmp, Ijtljsivl, Ijnughtfr, Mhstlrndhss,
Urfcrhm, Kltfx, Lxplriljnl, ûmmit, Hnnldlrhtfr, @hst [rhnb, âfrtnut, ^prijt, Dhujna,
Dhuj na,
^dijcsaft, Nhthpudt, Lxpdfsifj, ^ystlm, Clthwhy, Mlltup, [rhjs`frmhtifj, Mhstlrmijk,
Dhujna , Chml Udhj, Kllp Kivl, Sfrbsafp, Nfmlghnb, Wlgirta, Htthnb, Hsshudt, Wlslt,
^fdutifj, Ahnb, Nalhtnfkl, Di`tf``, Ltn.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? ljnfjtrl tlmpf

phrh rimhr Gfhs rimhs ìnhm jh mljtl khs plssfhs. Wiml f jfml kf slu prfcrhmh phrh chjahr
c hjahr f
ofcfs.
Cffcdl "kinifjèrif kl rimhs" phrh um hthdaf `ènid. Jfth - Jîf tljtl `frãhr.
Jîf é um rlquisitf, é hpljhs um —gfm kl tlr”.
Lx? îx-Uhnb @hst [rhnb, <-Khy Gffb Urijt ^prijt, Mhrrihcl [arivl Kllp Kivl, 87-Sllb 7-Uutt
âfrtnut, 87-Mlsls Jf-Klgt Wlslt, Nldlgrity Gutt âfrtnut, Clt ^fml Hss Mhstlrndhss (sþ hnali
ljcrhãhkf ), ltn. Pfnï ljtljklu.
Kinh prfìssifjhd? hditlrhãîf

Hditlrhãîf é quhjkf vfnï `hz tfkhs (fu h mhifrih) khs phdhvrhs nfmlãhrlm nfm h mlsmh dltrh
fu sfm.
\mh hgfrkhclm hdtlrjhtivh å rimh é ushr hditlrhãîf hf jfmlhr slu prfcrhmh. Issf é mhis `ènid phrh h
mhifrih khs plssfhs kf qul rimhr. Jfvhmljtl, vfnï jîf prlnish rimhr fu hditlrhr. Jîf `frnl.
Lx? Mhbl Mfjly Mhstlrndhss, Nahjcl Yfur Di`l Nahddljcl, Gic Gffty Gfftnhmp, Klgt Kltfx, Wlhd
Lsthtl Wlslt, Di`l Nfhna Di`tf``, ltn.
Ufssf slr lstrhjaf, mhs jfmlhr f`lrths é umh khs mijahs phrtls `hvfriths klssl prfnlssf. F qul
qulrf klsthnhr, mhis umh vlz, é qul slu mfkldf mfjltèrif, prlãfs l slrviãfs rlhis plrmhjlnlrîf
prhtinhmljtl ijhdtlrhkfs. Mukhr h lmghdhclm sicjiình simpdlsmljtl mukhr h plrnlpãîf lxtlrjh kf qul é
h suh F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm.
Hghixf, vfnï ljnfjtrhrè hdcujs lxlmpdfs kl f`lrths jfmlhkhs phrh ki`lrljtls

ijkÿstrihs.
Glm-lsthr
Klshìf Dlhj-Gy-Ahddfwllj kl 0 slmhjhs crètis 11% kl klsnfjtf
jh pdhjth kf giquíji kl 87 slmhjhs Mhblfvlr kl mhmîl kl 78
kihs crètis 05 mijutfs @hãh slus hmicfs nfm niÿmls Mfkldf kl
nhgldf îstlmh kl nhgldf Klshìf kl slis slmhjhs phrh diglrhr f lstrlssl (crètis!)
Nurvl-sl slm kfr lm ;7 kihs. . . Nurh Wèpikh
Mékinfs
$ 7.555 kl klsnfjtf lm trhjs`frmhãîf kl sfrrisf kl nldlgrikhkl
Dhblwhy Mfms - \^$ 8.<55 kl klsnfjtf jfs suspljsþrifs ij`hjtis

Dhblwhy Mfms - 87 mlsls phrh um sfrrisf plr`litf ($ 8555 kl klsnfjtf phrh 8< `hmídihs)
Kl Pfdth ås Hudhs ^frtlif kl Hphrldaf Crhtuitf

Ijhucurhãîf Whif-Q
Whif-Q l [rhthmljtf Crhtuitfs - Hdívif Ijsthjtçjlf Jîf Mhis
Kfrls jhs Nfsths! 95 kihs kl nurh rèpikh ijtljsivh (18% kl klsnfjtf!)
Hplrtf6 $ 8 Mhsshclm Lsplnihd kl Plrîf phrh Jfvfs Ndiljtls
[rlijhmljtf
< Ndiljtls lm < Kihs Gdulprijt

Hcïjnih 3@ 87 ^lmhjhs Ijtljsivf 8;
Kihs Ljnfjtrl slu dhjãhmljtf kl prfkutf plr`litf
Urlljnah suh hnhklmih lm >5 kihs (crètis!)
Lu pfklrih nfjtijuhr disthjkf lstls, mhs lsplrf qul vfnï tljah h iklih. Hcfrh é afrh
phrh vfnï lxplrimljthr phrh h suh F`lrth kf Crhjk ^dhm.
Jfvhmljtl, vfnï jîf prlnish jlnlsshrihmljtl ushr tfkfs fs nfmpfjljtls kl pfklr kf títudf.
\shr kl trïs h nijnf jfrmhdmljtl nrihrè hdcf qul é mhis lxndusivf l klsloèvld, plrmitijkf qul
vfnï sl slphrl kf nhmpf nfmpltitivf l nril umh f`lrth qul fgtlrè ndiquls l ljchohmljtf l,
ìjhdmljtl, chjahrè kijalirf.
Hdém kissf, vfnï jîf prlnish `hzï-dfs jh frklm MHCIN. @hãh f qul sfh mhis `frtl
` frtl phrh vfnï.
Klpfis kl `hzlr issf pfr um tlmpf, vfnï vlrè qul hdcumhs f`lrths nfjvlrtlm mldafr qul futrhs.
Issf é jhturhd. L kl vlz lm quhjkf vfnï tlrè um jfml qul klnfdh nfmf um `fcultl. îjnlrhmljtl,
jîf tljaf iklih kl pfr qul hdcujs jfmls chjahm l futrfs jîf. Ljtîf, jîf sl lmfnifjl nfm issf.
Nfjtijul tljthjkf. Nfjtijul sl klsthnhjkf. Ljtîf tljtl mhis. Pfnï vhi nalchr dè.
Hcfrh qul vfnï tlm vèrifs jfmls kl trhghdaf phrh suh f`lrth, vfnï pfkl ushr kfis fu trïs kl
slus mldafrls jfmls lm suh
s uh nhmphjah pugdinitèrih. Hjftl rhpikhmljtl f vljnlkfr l usl-f nfmf
um nfjtrfdl phrh tlsthr nfm jfvfs jfmls. É hssim qul vfnï prfmfvl.
Kinh Urf - Jfmlhr ûgitljs l Gûjus

\sl h `þrmudh mècinh kf títudf phrh nhkh itlm lm suh pidah l phnftl. Ldl humljthrè
hutfmhtinhmljtl f vhdfr kl suhs f`lrths simpdlsmljtl jfmlhjkf kl umh mhjlirh qul
rlssfl nfm slus ndiljtls lm pftljnihd.
F qul hnfjtlnl quhjkf f`lrlnl `hkich

Nfj`frml vfnï f`lrlnl jf mlrnhkf, vfnï prlnishrè nrihr vhrihãüls hf dfjcf kf tlmpf,
pfis fs cfstfs kf mlrnhkf mukhm hf dfjcf kf tlmpf. Hqui lstè h frklm lm qul vfnï
mukhrè hs nfishs phrh mhjtlr f `duxf kl dlhks nfjsistljtl.
8. Hdtlrl f nrihtivf (hs imhcljs l `ftfs lm slus hjÿjnifs)
7. Hdtlrl h nþpih kf nfrpf lm slus hjÿjnifs

>. Hdtlrl f títudf - f "ijvþdunrf" kl suh f`lrth ;. Klshìf Dlhj
kl 0 slmhjhs crètis phrh Klshìf kl tfm kl 0 slmhjhs crètis <. Wlsshnh
kl ìm kl hjf phrh Hjf Jfvf 0. Hdtlrl h kurhãîf kl h suh f`lrth 3. Hdtlrl f
pftljnihkfr kh suh f`lrth (f slu nfmpfjljtl crètis/klsnfjtf)
1. Hdtlrl h lstruturh kl mfjltizhãîf, h séril kl f`lrths qul vfnï f`lrlnl hfs

ndiljtls lm pftljnihd l fs prlãfs hssfnihkfs h ldhs (Divrf II)
Lu sicf lssh lstruturh kl vhrihãîf pfrqul jh mhifrih khs vlzls é h primlirh
pujahkf kl itljs qul prlnishm slr hdtlrhkfs. Jfrmhdmljtl, ldls prlnishm slr hdtlrhkfs
rlpltikhmljtl slm tfnhr lm jhkh jh phrtl ij`lrifr kh disth.
Ufr lxlmpdf, quhjkf fs hjÿjnifs nhjshm, jîf mukhmfs tfkf f jfssf jlcþnif2
hpljhs vlinudhmfs f mlsmf hjÿjnif jfvhmljtl nfm um víklf fu imhclm ki`lrljtl.
Xuhjkf issf phrhr kl ùjnifjhr, jþs f hdtlrhmfs jfvhmljtl. Lvljtuhdmljtl, vfnï prlnish
hdtlrhr hs phdhvrhs lm slus hjÿjnifs. L rlpith f prfnlssf. Ljtîf, l sfmljtl ljtîf, vfnï
mukhrih f wrhpplr.
Kichmfs qul mukhmfs kl um klshìf kl diglrhãîf kl lstrlssl kl slis slmhjhs

phrh um klshìf kl `érihs rldhxhjtls kl ;7 kihs phrh um nljtrf kl mhsshclm. Mlsmh
f`lrth prijniphd, hpljhs um wrhpplr ki`lrljtl. Ljtîf, é ndhrf, vfnï pfkl hdtlrhr h kurhãîf
kh suh f`lrth - slis slmhjhs phrh 71 kihs fu fitf slmhjhs, ltn. mhis dlvls” kl vhrihr suh
f`lrth.
Klpfis kl mfjltizhr umh f`lrth, rhrhmljtl vfnï klvl hdtlrè-dh. Ghsth ljxhcuhr l
rlpltir vèrihs l vèrihs vlzls. Issf pfkl slr ki`ínid pfrqul sfmfs lmprlljklkfrls l
hmhmfs h mukhjãh. H mukhjãh hqui clrhdmljtl nrih ijlìniïjnih l hrrhstf fplrhnifjhd,
nusthjkf kijalirf. Jîf gfm.
Ufrthjtf, usl slu HKK lmprlshrihd primlirf jf —wrhpplr” - f —dffb hjk `lld” kh f`lrth
(nþpih, nrihtivf, mhjnaltls). Lm slcuikh, hdtlrl h shzfjhdikhkl kh f`lrth. Lm slcuikh,
hdtlrl h kurhãîf. ^l vfnï hijkh lstivlr prlsf, hdtlrl f qul lstè khjkf kl crhãh fu nfm
klsnfjtf. [rfqul tfkh h mèquijh pfr très kldh hpljhs nfmf ÿdtimf rlnursf l pfr um
gfm mftivf, lsplnihdmljtl quhjkf vfnï nfjslcuir trhãîf.
Mhs nfmf vfnï nfjslcul h trhãîf ijinihd6 Gfh plrcujth. Lxplrimljtl h lstruturh
kh f`lrth l f títudf qul vfnï hnah qul tlm h mhifr prfghgidikhkl kl ùjnifjhr.
Ljtîf ìqul nfm ldl.
L sl ldls jîf nfjvlrtlrlm jf ijínif, jîf sl prlfnupl. Pfnï vhi mldafrhr.
Muiths vlzls, sl vfnï lstivlr ushjkf lssls tipfs kl mfkldfs, muitfs kldls ùjnifjhrîf.
Jlssl nhsf, ìqul nfm hquldl qul dal kè f mhifr rltfrjf. Pfnï thmgém pfkl hdtlrjhr
ljtrl hs f`lrths sl issf jîf nrihr muitf hrrhstf fplrhnifjhd phrh f slu tipf kl jlcþnif.
Lsth é h pfsiãîf ìjhd kf pfklr. Pfnï tlm vèrifs —hsls jf gurhnf” qul vfnï pfkl ofchr h
quhdqulr mfmljtf, f qul mhjtém slu mhrbltijc nfjvlrtljkf lm um jívld hijkh mhis
hdtf.
Jfth kf hutfr - Mhrbltijc kl lmprlshs dfnhis

Irfjinhmljtl, f mhrbltijc kl lmprlshs dfnhis é mhis `ènid l mhis ki`ínid kf qul f mhrbltijc
lm jívld jhnifjhd. É mhis `ènid nfmlãhr h trhghdahr, mhs mhis ki`ínid nfjtijuhr trhghdahjkf fu
lsnhdhjkf. L h rhzîf é - jfs mlrnhkfs dfnhis, é mhis `ènid pfrqul aè nfjìhjãh jf `hmidihr. Ljtîf vljkljkf
plssfhdmljtl h prlãfs mhis hdtfs lm um mlrnhkf dfnhd é ijlrljtlmljtl mhis `ènid. Issf sicjiình qul vfnï
nfjvlrtlrè umh pfrnljthclm muitf mhifr kl slus dlhks. Issf `hz nfm qul f mhrbltijc ùjnifjl jh mhifrih
khs vlzls.
H klsvhjthclm kf mhrbltijc dfnhd é qul f`lrlnl `hkich rhpikhmljtl pfrqul aè hpljhs um rhif
dimithkf qul umh lmprlsh dfnhd pfkl htljklr. Uhrh `hzlr rl`lrïjnih h um nfjnlitf hjtlrifr, f [HM (mlrnhkf
tfthd ljklrlãèvld) phrh um tiofdf l hrchmhssh é hpljhs slu rhif imlkihtf (jh mhifrih khs vlzls). Ljtîf,
pfr lxtljsîf, quhjtf mljfr f rhif, mhis rèpikf f`lrlnl `hkich. Lsth é h `hnh kl kfis cumls kf dfnhd.
Hprljklr h vhrihr rhpikhmljtl mijahs f`lrths, mhjnaltls l nrihtivfs quhjkf lu tijah mlus jlcþnifs
dfnhis `fi umh ahgidikhkl ùjkhmljthd qul tfrjfu mijah lxphjsîf phrh h pugdinikhkl lm jívld jhnifjhd
muitf mhis `ènid phrh mim. Ufrthjtf, sl vfnï lstivlr lm um mlrnhkf dfnhd, dlmgrl-sl kl qul jîf hdtlrhrè h
pidah kl vhdfr kl suh f`lrth. Pfnï sþ vhi mukhr h hphrïjnih kf mlrnhkf lm slu mhrbltijc.
Wlsumf kl
jfmljndhturh Klvlmfs jfmlhr hklquhkhmljtl jfssh f`lrth phrh htrhir f hvhthr nlrtf
phrh f jfssf jlcþnif. @ild hf hpldikf, hs plssfhs oudchm um divrf pldh nhph. Jfmlhr slu
prfkutf fu f`lrth mlih gfnh pfkl hrruijhr hs nfjvlrsüls. Jîf sloh vítimh kl jfmls prlcuiãfsfs.
îch hs lthphs hqui phrh jfmlhr suh f`lrth kl prfkutf fu slrviãf l vloh h mlsmh f`lrth fgtlr
7x, >x fu 85x h thxh kl rlspfsth. Pfnï vhi hnrlkithr quhjkf vir - lu sli qul hnrlkitli.
Hprimfrhjkf suh slãîf kl f`lrths

Wlnhpitudhãîf Uhrhgéjs! Pfnï klsnfgriu nfmf tfrjhr suh f`lrth vhdifsh, nfmf kivikir slus
slrviãfs lm phrtls nfmpfjljtls l nfmf rlhcrupè-dfs lm um tfkf mhis vhdifsf.
Pfnï hkinifjfu umh chrhjtih phrh qul mhis plssfhs nfmprlm suh f`lrth l rlhdmljtl h
nfjsumhm phrh qul pfsshm tlr mhis sunlssf.
Pfnï f hprlsljtfu nfm urcïjnih l lsnhsslz phrh `hzlr nfm qul mhis plssfhs klslohsslm
istf.
L hcfrh vfnï jfmlfu suh f`lrth phrh htrhir hs plrsplntivhs nlrths l rlpldir hs ruijs, hf
mlsmf tlmpf qul nfjtém umh crhjkl prfmlssh qul tfkfs pfklm ljtljklr.
Mhs jþs nfgrimfs muitf, ljtîf lu qulrf tl khr umh phush rèpikh hjtls kl jþs
`frohr jf Divrf II phrh houkè-df h htrhir ndiljtls l rljthgidizhr h suh f`lrth.
Urlsljtl Crètis # 85 GÛJ\^? Nril f jfml plr`litf phrh f slu prfkutf
Jfmlhr slu prfkutf nfrrlthmljtl houkh slu hvhthr h shglr qul f prfkutf é phrh ldls l é vhdifsf
l rlsfdvlrè slus prfgdlmhs. ^l vfnï quislr `hzlr issf hf vivf nfmicf, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm/
trhijijc/f``lrs l sldlnifjl —Jhmijc Urfkunts” phrh hssistir h um plquljf tutfrihd lm víklf phrh
qul vfnï pfssh nfmlãhr h ushr issf lm slu jlcþnif phrh `hzlr mhis vljkhs f mhis rèpikf pfssívld.
[hmgém ìz umh Disth kl Plriìnhãîf kl @þrmudh kl Jfmljndhturh Crhtuith phrh vfnï ushr l
rlutidizhr nfm suh lquipl. [hmgém ùjnifjh phrh jfmlhr prfmfãüls. Nfmf slmprl, é tfthdmljtl crhtuitf. Hprfvlithr.
^LÃÎF P? LQLN\ÃÎF
NFMF @H_LW I^^F HNFJ[LNLW JF M\JKF WLHD

^L\^ UWIMLIWF^ $ 855.555
—Fs primlirfs \^$ 855.555 sîf umh mlrkh, mhs vfnï tlm qul `hzlr issf. Lu jîf ml impfrtf nfm f
qul vfnï tlm qul `hzlr „ sl issf sicjiình hjkhr pfr tfkh phrtl l jîf nfmlr jhkh qul jîf tljah sikf
nfmprhkf nfm um nupfm, ljnfjtrl umh mhjlirh kl nfdfnhr hs mîfs lm $ 855.555. Klpfis kissf,
vfnï pfkl hdivihr um pfunf f cès.”
‛ NAHWDIL M\JCLW,
M\JCLW, PINL-UWLÎKLJ[L
PINL-UWLÎKLJ[L GLWBÂIWL
AH[AHSHY
mhrãf kl 7583.
Mlu nfrhãîf lsthvh hnldlrhkf. Lu pfkih ditlrhdmljtl sljtir nhkh ghtikh ghtljkf jf mlu plitf. Lu
hplrtli mijah mhjkígudh phrh h`hsthr f jþ jh mijah chrchjth qul lu shgih qul dlvhrih ås dècrimhs.
Lu qulrih nlklr. Hjfs kl lmfãüls `frhm ljchrrh`hkfs hghixf kh suplr`ínil.
Hjfs icjfrhjkf mijah rlhdikhkl l `hdth kl sunlssf. Hjfs kl hkihr nfmf ml sljtih hpljhs
`fnhjkf lm slcuir lm `rljtl. H prlssîf lsthvh kisphrhjkf phrh h suplr`ínil. Lu pfkih sljtir issf.
"Jþs ìzlmfs issf", lu kissl.
Dlidh, mijah lspfsh hcfrh, fdafu phrh mim. Ldh lsthvh jh nfzijah `hzljkf f ohjthr l phrfu,
lspètudh jh mîf. F qul vfnï qulr kizlr6
"Nfjslcuimfs. Nalchmfs h \^$ 855 mid.” Lu mhd nfjslcuih prfjujnihr hs phdhvrhs pfrqul lu
jîf qulrih qul hs dècrimhs rfmplsslm f trlmfr jh mijah vfz.
—Nfmf rlnlith6”
"Jîf. Nfmf lm jfsshs nfjths ghjnèrihs plssfhis.”

—Uuth mlrkh mlsmf6! Issf é ijnrívld!!”
Ldh nfrrlu hté mim, icjfrhjkf h nfmikh jf `fcîf, l phssfu fs grhãfs lm vfdth kf mlu plsnfãf,
h lspètudh hijkh jh mîf.
"Lstfu tîf frcudafsf kl vfnï"
Ldh ml hplrtfu. Lu nhí lm slus grhãfs. Lrh nfmf sl nhkh jþ kf mlu nfrpf qul lu lsthvh
slcurhjkf klrrltlssl kl umh vlz. Lu mhd nfjslcuih ml nfjtlr. Mhs quhjkf pljsf jissf, f sljtimljtf
qul lu tijah jîf lrh `ldinikhkl. @fi um hdívif. Lu mukli kf mlkf phrh h slcurhjãh. Lu trfquli ml
sljtijkf um `rhnhssf tfkfs fs kihs, vljkf mlu trhghdaf l ls`frãf jîf rljklrlm jhkh, phrh rlhdizhr
um sfjaf.
H hjsilkhkl nfjsthjtl l f mlkf kl —f qul vhmfs `hzlr” ìjhdmljtl slrîf sugstituíkfs pfr futrh nfish.
@ijhdmljtl tivl tlmpf kl ml plrmitir sljtir hdcf.
Lu sljti nfmf sl lssl nhpítudf kl —duth” kh vikh ìjhdmljtl tivlssl hnhghkf.
—Fdah,” lu kissl. —É prh vhdlr”
H`hstli mijah nhglãh kfs grhãfs kl Dlidh. Lu jîf qulrih fdaè-dh jfs fdafs pfrqul shgih qul issf
ml klixhrih jf dimitl. Ulculi mlu tldl`fjl
t ldl`fjl l f nfdfquli ljtrl jþs. Jþs kfis fdahmfs phrh h tldh imþvld
nfm f shdkf kh jfssh nfjth ghjnèrih plssfhd. $ 858.581 Jfssfs fdahrls plrmhjlnlrhm ijijtlrruptfs
ljquhjtf nfjìrmhvhm umh jfvh rlhdikhkl nfmphrtidahkh. Jîf lrh umh idusîf. Jîf `fi rlnlith. Jîf lrh
—dunrf” qul hijkh lsthvh jh nfjth kh lmprlsh, hpljhs phrh slr shnhkf mhis thrkl pfr hdcumh
lmlrcïjnih imprlvisth.
Jîf lrh kijalirf —klstijhkf” qul tijah qul slr ushkf phrh phchr hdcumh kívikh. Lrh jfssf. ^érif.
"Glgï", lu kissl. —Ufklríhmfs lstrhchr tukf l jîf chjahr mhis um kþdhr pfr trïs
hjfs slcuikfs, l hijkh lsthr glm.”
Jh épfnh, \^$ >>.555 pfr hjf lrh mhis kf qul suìniljtl phrh vivlrmfs nfm jfsshs klsplshs
htuhis pfr trïs hjfs l mhis hdcujs.
Hjfs kl hdtfs l ghixfs. Hjfs ijvlstijkf kijalirf lm mlu(s) jlcþnif(s) hpljhs phrh vï-
df klshphrlnlr lm klsplshs clrhis, `fdah kl phchmljtf l lrrfs.
Hjfs kl slmijèrifs, nursfs, wfrbsafps, prfcrhmhs kl nfhnaijc, mljtfrls. .
. @IJHDMLJ[L sl trhjs`frmfu lm riqulzh. Uhrlnih qul lu tijah ijvhkikf um jfvf

pdhjf. F humljtf rldhtivf kh riqulzh `fi mhis kf qul ohmhis sljti.
Klzljhs kl midaüls kl kþdhrls jf ghjnf klpfis, `fi, l hijkh é, f mhis rinf qul oè ml
sljti jh vikh. @fi f ijínif kf prþximf nhpítudf kh mijah vikh nfmf lmprlsèrif l lmprlsèrif.
Hdcumhs plssfhs nalchm rèpikf. Hdcumhs plssfhs nalchm dè klvhchr. Mhs tfkf
mujkf nalch dè lvljtuhdmljtl, nfjthjtf qul vfnï jîf klsisth. îch lm @rljtl.
Nfjtijul sl dlvhjthjkf. Nfjtijul hnrlkithjkf qul pfkl hnfjtlnlr.
L, vhi.
Lm pfunhs phdhvrhs
Jþs nfgrimfs muitf. L hnaf impfrthjtl qul h ij`frmhãîf sloh hgsfrvikh, qul sloh
nfjsfdikhkh l rl`frmudhkh. Ufrthjtf, lsth é h disth kl mhrnhkfrls kf —vlrsf kf cuhrkhjhpf”
phrh rlsumir f qul hprljklmfs hté hcfrh l pfr quï.
8. Hgfrkhmfs pfr qul vfnï jîf klvl slr umh mlrnhkfrih jlstl mlrnhkf.
7. Ufr qul vfnï klvl lsnfdalr um mlrnhkf jfrmhd fu lm nrlsnimljtf, l pfr qul fs jinafs
dal trhzlm riqulzhs.
>. Ufr qul vfnï klvl nfgrhr muitf kijalirf.

;. Nfmf nfgrhr muitf kijalirf ushjkf fs quhtrf prijniphis krivlrs kl vhdfr.
<. Nfmf nrihr suh f`lrth kl vhdfr lm nijnf phssfs.
0. Nfmf lmpidahr f vhdfr, ljtrlcè-df l tfrjè-df dunrhtivf.
3. Nfmf klsdfnhr h nurvh kl klmhjkh h slu `hvfr ushjkf h lsnhsslz, 1.
Nfmf ushr h urcïjnih phrh kimijuir f dimihr kl hãîf kfs nfmprhkfrls 9. Nfmf
ushr gûjus lstrhtlcinhmljtl phrh humljthr h klmhjkh kf slu
f`lrth
85. Nfmf rlvlrtlr nfmpdlthmljtl f risnf kf nfmprhkfr nfm umh chrhjtih nrihtivh.
88. Nfmf jfmlè-df kl umh `frmh qul rlssfl nfm slu hvhthr.
Hcfrh vfnï tlm umh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm vhdifsh, kl hdth mhrclm l
klsnfmfkitizhkh. Lstl é f primlirf hdinlrnl kl um jlcþnif mhrhvidafsf „ um prfkutf
fu slrviãf qul hs plssfhs klslohm klslsplrhkhmljtl l rlhdmljtl rlsfdvl slu
prfgdlmh. Uhrh muitfs, issf slrè suìniljtl phrh `hzlr muitf mhis vljkhs, h prlãfs
mhis hdtfs, nfm mhis dunrf. ûh primlirh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm klvl slr nhphz kl dlvè-
df hfs slus primlirfs $ 855.555. Uhrh futrfs, vfnï hijkh vhi qulrlr mhis. F qul é
855% slu kirlitf nfmf nhpithdisth.
Aè muitf mhis jh nfjstruãîf dunrhtivh kl umh mèquijh kl hquisiãîf. Lu jîf
pfklrih nfgrir tukf lm um divrf. Ufr rlsplitf h vfnï, lu qulrih tfrjhr issf nfmpdltf,
mhs clrljnièvld. Kitf istf, f prþximf divrf é klkinhkf lxhthmljtl h issf „ fgtlr mhis
„ pfr mlif kh clrhãîf kl dlhks. Jlssl divrf, vfu klthdahr lxhthmljtl nfmf hkquirir
ndiljtls nfm dunrf. Fu sloh, sl vfnï lstruturhr suhs prfmfãüls nfrrlthmljtl, jujnh
mhis prlnishrè phchr pfr um jfvf ndiljtl. Lssl é f hssujtf kf Hnquisitifj.nfm
Pfduml II $ 855M? Dlhk Cljlrhtifj.
Nfjsiklrhãüls
@ijhis Lmprlljklkfrismf é hkquirir ahgidikhkls, nrljãhs l trhãfs kl nhrètlr.
Uhrh hvhjãhr, hnaf qul klvlmfs kltlrmijhr quhis ahgidikhkls, nrljãhs l trhãfs kl
nhrètlr jfs `hdthm. Jh mhifrih khs vlzls, simpdlsmljtl prlnishmfs mldafrhr. L h
ÿjinh mhjlirh kl `hzlr issf é hprljkljkf nfm h lxplriïjnih l/fu `fjtls kl hdth
quhdikhkl. Wlnlgi nfjsldafs tlrrívlis kl plssfhs qul lsthvhm å mijah `rljtl jh
épfnh. L lmgfrh h lxplriïjnih sloh h mldafr prf`lssfrh, ldh jîf é h mhis cljtid.
É mijah lsplrhjãh mhis sijnlrh qul f qul lu prfkuzf `frjlãh h friljthãîf qul
lu thjtf prlnishvh quhjkf lsthvh ijinihjkf mijah ofrjhkh lmprlljklkfrh. L lu
cfsthrih kl pfklr nfgrir tukf lm um ÿjinf divrf (phrh f mlu glm l f slu). Mhs, phrh
dal prlsthr f slrviãf qul lu cfsthrih kl tlr `litf, jîf pfssf. F kihgf lstè jfs klthdals.
H lxnldïjnih lxistl jh prfùjkikhkl kf nfjalnimljtf l jhs juhjnls. Issf é f qul
slphrh fs crhjkls kl tfkfs fs futrfs. Lsplrf qul lm tfkf f nfjtlÿkf qul prfkuzf
vfnïs vlohm mijah klkinhãîf h lssl klthdal l juhjnl qul `hz tfkh h ki`lrljãh.
Lsshs diãüls `frhm kurhmljtl nfjquisthkhs.
Lsplrf qul tljahm cfsthkf klstl primlirf vfduml kh mijah séril kl f`lrths.
Hjtls kl hvhjãhrmfs phrh f vfduml kfis, fjkl jfs nfjnljtrhrlmfs jh clrhãîf kl
dlhks, nfmf mljnifjhkf hnimh, cfsthrih kl vfdthr hf pfjtf kl phrtikh. Klpfis kl dlr
lstl divrf, lsplrf?
8. Pfnï lstè jf nhmijaf nlrtf phrh nrihr suh primlirh f`lrth kl Crhjk ^dhm.
Fu, jf míjimf, pfkl ushr nfmpfjljtls qul lsthvhm `hdthjkf lm suh
f`lrth phrh tfrjè-dh mhis htrhljtl phrh f slu mlrnhkf.
7. Numpri mijah prfmlssh klskl f ijínif klstl divrf? ijvlstir kuhs fu trïs
afrhs kf slu tlmpf hqui rljklrih um rltfrjf muitf mhifr kf qul quhdqulr
futrh nfish qul vfnï puklssl `hzlr.
>. Lsplrf, lm trfnh, tlr khkf um plquljf phssf phrh chjahr h nfish
Lu vhdfrizf mhis kl vfnï - suh nfjìhjãh.
@ijhdmljtl, lsplrf qul lstl divrf `hãh um plquljf lstrhcf jh mldafrih kf mujkf,
pfrqul hnrlkitf qul jijcuém virè jfs shdvhr. Nhgl h jþs, nfmf lmprlljklkfrls,
ijfvhr jfssf nhmijaf phrh um mujkf mldafr. L issf é hdcf qul lstfu kispfstf h
klkinhr mijah vikh. L lsplrf qul vfnï thmgém lstloh.
@inf crhtf pldh suh htljãîf. Pfnï pfklrih tlr khkf h quhdqulr nfish, l vfnï
lsnfdalu ijvlstir nfmicf. Lu dlvf issf lm hdth nfjth. Ljtîf, sijnlrhmljtl, fgrichkf
tu.
Ulrmhjlãh `hmijtf,
Hdlx
U^ - (vloh gidaltl kfurhkf hghixf)
GIDAL[L F\WF? HKMI[H \M
^l vfnï lstè chjahjkf kl \^$ > midaüls h \^$ <5 midaüls pfr hjf l cfsthrih kh mijah
houkh ijkivikuhd phrh lsnhdhr slus jlcþnifs, hnlssl Hnquisitifj.nfm. Lsplniìnhmljtl,
houkhmfs lmprlshs kl slrviãfs, lkunhãîf, trlijhmljtf, nfjsudtfrih,
nfjsudtfrih, tiofdf l hrchmhssh fu
dinljnihmljtf kl jinaf h lsnhdhr kl `frmh tîf dunrhtivh qul sþ prlnishm ìnhr rinhs umh vlz.
Lu jîf sfu h plssfh qul —chjal slu primlirf kþdhr”, lu sfu h plssfh qul —chjal f ÿdtimf kþdhr qul vfnï prlnishrè chjahr”. ^l i
nfmf vfnï, vfnï é lxplriljtl f suìniljtl phrh klsnfgrir nfmf ljtrhr lm nfjthtf nfmicf jf mlu sitl l
hcljkhr umh dichãîf. Hkfrhrih nfjalnï-df l fuvir sfgrl f slu jlcþnif l vlr sl pfklmfs houkhr.
Pfnï sl fpfrih h nrlsnlr mhis rèpikf6 ^l jîf...

UWÞQIMF DIPWF. Pfnï pfkl nfj`lrir mlu prþximf divrf hprfprihkhmljtl nahmhkf
Hnquisitifj.nfm Pfduml II Dlhk Cljlrhtifj. Xul hgrhjcl….clrhãîf kl dlhks. Pfnï jujnh ìnhrè
slm jfvfs ndiljtls sl slcuir hs lthphs klssl divrf (lsplnihdmljtl hcfrh mujikf kh f`lrth qul
nfjstruímfs). Jîf tljaf nlrtlzh sl lssl é f jfml ìjhd (hijkh lstè lm lkiãüls), mhs sl vfnï prfnurhr
pldf mlu jfml, ljnfjtrhrè. Pfnï prfvhvldmljtl thmgém pfklrè ljnfjtrè-df jf mlu sitl Hnquisitifj.nfm
(lsplrf).
È\KIF-DIPWF. ^l vfnï cfsth kl fuvir l tlr tfkfs
t fkfs fs slus divrfs nfm vfnï phrh rl`lrïjnih (é f qul
lu `hãf), vfnï pfkl plchr h vlrsîf hukívld l bijkdl kl quhdqulr um fu tfkfs fs mlus divrfs jh
Hmhzfj. Cfstf kl dlr l fuvir hf mlsmf tlmpf phrh humljthr mijahs vldfnikhkls
v ldfnikhkls kl hgsfrãîf l
nfjsumf. Ghsth plsquishr fs títudfs kfs divrfs l hmgfs
sugh.
UFKNH^[. ^l vfnï cfsth kl fuvir, tljaf um Ufknhst nahmhkf —[al Chml” fjkl vfnï pfkl
sijtfjizhr lpisþkifs nurtfs qul trhzlm diãüls tètinhs (hprljkikhs nfm fs `rhnhssfs)
` rhnhssfs) phrh qul vfnï
pfssh htijcir slus fgoltivfs mhis rhpikhmljtl. Nfjìrh f pfknhst hqui? hdlxspfknhst.nfm
YF\[\GL. Lu tljaf um nhjhd jf Yfutugl nfm jfvfs tutfrihis hdcumhs vlzls pfr slmhjh?
ghsth plsquishr mlu jfml —Hdlx Afrmfzi” phrh ljnfjtrè-df
ljnfjtrè-df..
IC. Pfnï pfkl ml slcuir jf IC sl cfsthr khs nfishs mhis plssfhis? Eafrmfzi

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Mhnaijl[rhjsdhtlkgyCffcdl

HNX\I^I[IFJ.NFM PFD\ML I? F@LW[H^

NFMF @H_LW F@LW[H^ [ÎF GFH^ UL^^FH^ X\L H^ UL^^FH^ ^LJ[LM

Nfpyricat © 7578 pfr Hdlx Afrmfzi

L-gffb I^GJ? 931-8-3>3;3<3-5-<

>085-7 J Ofsly Dhjl #77>

Klsicj kh nhph pfr Nahrdfttl Nahj Mibbldslj

@ftfcrh`ih, idustrhãüls l dhyfut kl ijtlrifrls pfr Hdlx Afrmfzi

F X\L F\[WF^ @I_LWHM

‛ GWFFBL NH^[IDDF, NLF, DI@L NFHNA ^NAFFD

irrlsistívlis. Lstl divrf vhi mukhr issf lm hdcujs nhpítudfs.

‛ WYHJ KHJILD MFWHJ @\JKHKFW, NHUI[HDI^M.NFM

‛ HJKWLS HWC\L @\JKHKFW,

Pfnï é mlu nhrfjh fu

Pfnï é f mldafr hmicf qul um nhrh pfklrih plkir.

Ltlrjhmljtl crhtf pldh jfssh hmizhkl.

\m grijkl h `inhr vldaf l mhd-aumfrhkf.

^lãîf I? Nfmf nalchmfs hqui

^lãîf II? Urlni`inhãîf

^lãîf III? Phdfr - Nril suh f`lrth

0. F`lrth kl Phdfr? H Lquhãîf kl Phdfr 3. Ècif

^lãîf IP? Hprimfrhjkf suh F`lrth 88.

"Wltfrjfs lxtrhfrkijèrifs clrhdmljtl vïm kl hpfsths nfjtrh h shglkfrih nfjvljnifjhd, l h

Nfmf lmprlljklkfrls, `hzlmfs hpfsths tfkfs fs kihs. ^fmfs ofchkfrls „ hpfsthjkf

Jf ljthjtf, aè umh ki`lrljãh ljtrl f ofcf jfs jlcþnifs l f ofcf lm um nhssijf. Lm

afmlruj klrgy, klrrughjkf f`lrth hpþs f`lrth kf lstèkif. Uhrh tfkfs

^LÃÎF I? NFMF NALCHMF^ HX\I

NFMF NALCHMF^ HX\I

7; kl klzlmgrf kl 7580. Pésplrh kl Jhthd.

"F qul aè kl lrrhkf6" ldh plrcujtfu.

nfrhãîf lstè hnldlrhkf", ldh sussurrfu, prlfnuphkh.

`frmh lm —klsnhjsf” lm um quhrtf `rlsnf l lsnurf.

H vlrkhkl é qul lu lsthvh hphvfrhkh.

Hdcumhs afrhs hjtls. . .

sikf f ljtrltljimljtf kldls jhs ÿdtimhs slmhjhs.

vhcf nfmf shdh kl ofcfs quhjkf fs jltfs fs visithvhm.

L lsth lrh h mijah vikh.

pfr thjtf tlmpf.

hdcumh htivikhkl irrlcudhr, ljtîf issf é umh prlnhuãîf.”

—^ljafr, jîf klpljkl kl mim, é hpljhs jfssh pfd‛”

—Jîf é slu phrh tfmhr.” Mijah hcrlssivikhkl lsthvh rhpikhmljtl sl trhjs`frmhjkf lm

—^ljafr, vhmfs mhjtlr h tfthdikhkl kl slus `ujkfs phrh f

Klsdiculi l vlri`iquli mijahs nfjths. $ 7>.5>0.

- $ 77.555 Uhchmljtf glm sunlkikf.

"F qul aè kl lrrhkf6 F qul hnfjtlnlu6" ldh plrcujtfu.

—F kijalirf jîf lstè vijkf.”

"F qul vfnï qulr kizlr6" ldh plrcujtfu. —Lstè htrhshkf6”

—Ldls pfklm `hzlr issf!6”

—Hphrljtlmljtl,” lu kissl lstfinhmljtl, tljthjkf mhjtlr mijah nfmpfsturh jh `rljtl

"F qul vfnï vhi `hzlr sfgrl hs nfmissüls6"

>5 kihs hjtls. . .

F kijalirf kh vljkh kl tfkhs hs mijahs hnhklmihs sl `fi. Lu vlri`iquli fjkl f

kijalirf `fi. Hf mlu —phrnlirf”. Ldl ahvih shnhkf tfkf f kijalirf.

l chjali um K\I nfmf mlu prïmif kl nfjsfdhãîf.

—f`lrth kl klsh`if” lm umh hnhklmih l nfdlthr tfkf f kijalirf hkihjthkf

mukhr f jlcþnif kldls.

lm um ÿjinf mïs, l lu dal klvih um nalqul kl nfmissîf kl $ 77.555.

F prfgdlmh `fi qul fs $ 875.555 jujnh nalchrhm.

—Urlnishmfs nfjvlrshr,” lu kissl ljquhjtf Dlidh l lu ljtrhmfs jh futrh shdh. lu

tfmfu nfrhclm phrh `hdhr, mhs fdafu phrh f naîf,

Lu jîf `inhrih nfmicf.

—Hijkh vhmfs `hzlr lssls dhjãhmljtfs h phrtir kl hmhjaî6” Ldh plrcujtfu.

"Lu nfj`if lm vfnï. Jþs vhmfs klsnfgrir issf.”

nhrtîf kl nrékitf nfm um dimitl kl $ 855.555 kl quhjkf lu tijah mijahs hnhklmihs.