E
 

E
 

—ADLOF_LNHÞK GA XFIQ_WJ I_HAIF L OL^A GA DANJA @_A^NL GA

PLNL, LSQNL_, NQDWHPF X EA_EADLGL GA EF_L― 

CA^Q^ LKGAD@F IL_NHL EFKNLGL

CQDHLK GLPH^ PAIL NL__HDDF

HK^WHWQNHÞK AGQNLWHPL ^LK CQLK OF^NF

NFKPAKHF ^AKL „ EAK

L_OFDAGL^ (K.GA.^)
?=<:
 

—ADLOF_LNHÞK GA XFIQ_WJ I_HAIF L OL^A GA DANJA @_A^NL GA

PLNL, LSQNL_, NQDWHPF X EA_EADLGL GA EF_L― 

CA^Q^ LKGAD@F IL_NHL EFKNLGL

CQDHLK GLPHG PAIL NL__HDDF

]_FXANWF ]_A^AKWLGF NFEF _A\QH^HWF ]L_L F]WL_ AD WÅWQDF GA

OLNJHDDA_ WÈNKHNF GA LI_FHKGQ^W_HL LDHEAKWL_HL

]_A^AKWLGF L3
CJFK LDAZLKGA_ NF__AGF_
GFNAKWA WÈNKHNF

_FOA_WF F_DLKGF LNAPAGF LDOL__LNHK

HK^W_QNWF_ GAD ^AKL

HK^WHWQNHFK AGQNLWHPL ^LK CQLK OF^NF

NFKPAKHF ^AKL „ EAK
L_OFDAGL^ (K.GA.^)
?=<:
 

HKW_FGQNNHÞK
<. WÅWQDF
?. ]DLKWALEHAKWF GAD ]_FODAEL
>. CQ^WH@HNLNHÞK

7. FOCAWHPF^
7.<. Focathvfs iakarldas
7.?. Focathvfs aspanå`hnfs
1. EL_NF GA _A@A_AKNHLD
1.< Lktanagaktas
1.? Elrnf tafrhnf
0. EAWFGFDFIHL

9. NF^WF^ GA ]_FGQNNHFK
:. NFKNDQ^HFKA^
8. OHODHFI_L@ÅL
 LKAZF^
 

HKW_FGQNHFK 

Ad prasakta prfyantf sa raldhzþ nfk ad `hk ga avhgaknhlr dl lgquhshnhþk ga

nfkfnhehaktfs taþrhnf prìnthnf ak dl `frelnhþk tènkhnl ga dl Danja y sus garhvlgfs
y eacfrlr dls nlplnhglgas hkvasthilthvls y ad aeprakghehaktf aepraslrhld ga dls
lutfrls gad prfyantf.

Gaktrf ga dfs ldheaktfs qua kfs orhkgl dl klturldazl sa aknuaktrl dl danja,

hkghspaksloda ak dfs prhearfs lüfs ga vhgl, yl qua nfkthaka sustlknhls kutrhthvls
kanaslrhls plrl ad nranhehaktf, gaslrrfddf y elktakhehaktf gad nuarpf, astè
ldheaktf as nlplz ga nuorhr dfs raquarhehaktfs kutrhnhfkldas vhtldas. Jfy ak gål
trlks`frelk dl danja ak irlk vlrhaglg ga prfguntfs nfef dls danjas `areaktlgls
(yfiurt, buehs, aktra ftrfs), danjas nfknaktrlgls (avlpfrlgls y nfkgakslgls),
ukl irlk vlrhaglg ga quasfs y ftrfs prfguntfs nfef ad jadlgf, ad lraquhpa y
gaeìs pfstras nuyl eltarhl prhel prhknhpld as dl danja.

Ak kuastrf eukhnhphf ga Lrofdagls sa jl gaefstrlgf qua dfs jlohtlktas trlolclk

ak dl nrål ga ilklgf vlnukf ak aspanhld ad gaghnlgf l dl prfgunnhþk danjarl, df
nuld jl iakarlgf uk hknraeaktf ak dl prfgunnhþk ga astl2 as pfr addf qua jaefs
pdlktalgf asta prfyantf ga prfgunnhþk ga yfiurt irhaif nfef ukl ldtarklthvl plrl
dl trls`frelnhþk y nfearnhldhzlnhþk ga dl danja. Ad yfiurt irhaif as ukl vlrhaglg
ga yfiurt, els nraefsf, nfeohklgf nfk eareadlgl ga `rasl rasudtl uk prfguntf
lpathtfsf ga ldtf vldfr kutrhthvf ak nuyl adlofrlnhþk sa shiuak dfs ehsefs plsfs
qua plrl ad yfiur klturld fovhlkgf ad plsf ga lihtlnhþk raaepdlzìkgfdf pfr
`hdtrlnhþk pfr uk thaepf lprfxhelgf ga 0 jfrls.
 

—
ADLOF_LNHÞK GA XFIQ_WJ
I_HAIF L OL^A GA DANJA
@_A^NL GA PLNL, LSQNL_,
NQDWHPF X EA_EADLGL GA
EF_L― 
 

?. HGAKWH@HNLNHÞK GAD ]_FODAEL

 Lrofdagls as uk eukhnhphf ak ad nuld dfs jlohtlktas vhvak ga prfguntfs

lirånfdls, dìntafs y gaeìs2 sa puaga hgakth`hnlr qua as uk eukhnhphf
olstlkta nfksuehgfr ga ghsthktfs prfguntfs y ak aspanå`hnf dfs dìntafs.
Ad eukhnhphf ga Lrofdagls sa jl vakhgf hknraeaktlkgf dl prfgunnhþk ga
danja ak dfs ódthefs lüfs, astf jl trlågf nfef nfksanuaknhls qua sa
prfguznl sfora f`artls ga danja, parf astl danja astì uohnlgl ak zfkls
daclkls ga dl nloanarl eukhnhpld df qua iakarl hknfkvakhaktas plrl ad
trlkspfrta y nfearnhldhzlnhþk ga astl danja. ]fr tld efthvf sa gaoa ousnlr
ldtarklthvls qua kfs parehtlk sfdunhfklr dl nfearnhldhzlnhþk y trlkspfrta ga
asta vhtld ldheaktf.
 

>. CQ^WH@HNLNHFK

Glgls dls nfkghnhfkas ga kuastrl iafirl`ål dl nuld prasaktl ak su

su elyfr plrta
uk tarrakf quaorlgf y ak gfkga uk irlk pfrnaktlca ga dls `hknls gaghnlgls l dl
prfgunnhþk ga danja astìk ak zfkls ghstlktas ga dl nloanarl eukhnhpld nuyls våls
ga pakatrlnhþk y sus nlehkfs astìk ak eldls nfkghnhfkas df nuld iakarl irlkgas
prfodaels plrl ad trlkspfrta y nfearnhldhzlnhþk ga dl danja, sa jl janjf
kanaslrhf pdlktalr asta prfyantf3 Adlofrlnhþk ga yfiurt irhaif l olsa ga danja ga
vlnl, nudthvfs y eareadlgl ga `rasl, nfef ukl ldtarklthvl qua kfs parehta glr
ukl sfdunhþk l astl prfodaeìthnl.

Wakhakgf ak nuaktl astfs `lntfras sa jl pakslgf ak dl adlofrlnhþk ga uk

prfguntf nfk ad `hk ga slths`lnar
slths`lnar ukl kanashglg, f`ranhakgf
f`ranhakgf uk prfguntf kutrhthvf,
slofr lirlgloda y ga ouakl
ou akl nldhglg ld nfksuehgfr. Nfk dl axpantlthvl ga glrda
glr da uk
vldfr lirailgf l dl danja y fotakar ouakfs rasudtlgfs. Asta prfyantf sarål euy
oaka`hnhfsf plrl ad eukhnhphf yl qua lyuglrål ak eunjfs lspantfs nfef dl
sfdunhþk ld trlkspfrta, nfearnhldhzlnhþk y l su vaz oaka`hnhlrhl ak dl
dl plrta
anfkþehnl l dls `lehdhls nlepashkls prfguntfrls ga danja.  
 

7. FOCAWHPF^
7.< FOCAWHPF IAKA_LD

Adlofrlr uk yfiurt l olsa ga danja `rasnl ga vlnl nudthvf y eareadlgl ga

`rasl, plrl sfdunhfklr ak plrta dl prfodaeìthnl ga trlkspfrta y
nfearnhldhzlnhþk ga danja.

7.? FOCAWHPF^ A^]ANÅ@HNF^

Adlofrlr uk prfguntf ga nldhglg, nuepdhakgf kfrels tènkhnls y O]E
Glr sfdunhþk l ukl prfodaeìthnl qua lquacl ld eukhnhphf ak
nfearnhldhzlnhþk y trlkspfrta ga danja.
@frtldanhehaktf y ralnthvlnhþk ga dl nlgakl prfgunthvl ga danja y sus
garhvlgfs.
F`ranar prfguntfs anfkþehnfs l dfs ndhaktas y raktlodas l dl aeprasl.
Elktakar ak frgak dfs ranursfs ga dl aeprasl, yl sal ad ga parsfkld,
eltarhl prhel, elquhklrhl y eltarhldas.
Jlnar ukl avldulnhþk plrl varh`hnlr ad nuepdhehaktf ga dfs focathvfs
prfpuastfs.
 

1. EL_NF _A@A_AKNHLD

1.< LKWANAGAKWA^

Ak ad eukhnhphf ga Lrofdagls kf axhsta ukl aeprasl f kaifnhf qua sa gaghqua l

dl `lorhnlnhþk ga yfiurt irhaif2 sfdf sa prfguna ak dls prlnthnls prfgunthvls qua

raldhzlk dfs lduekfs ga dl aspanhldhglg ga Lirfhkgustrhl Ldheaktlrhl ga dl H.A ^lk
Culk Ofsnf gad eukhnhphf ga Lrofdagls.

1.? EL_NF WAF_HNF

 XFIQ_ I_HAIF
Ad yfiur irhaif as ukl vlrhaglg ga prfguntf dìntaf `areaktlgf l plrthr ga vlrhfs
irupfs ga olntarhls. ^a trltl ga uk thpf ga yfiur eìs aspasf, gaksf y nraefsf
qua ad yfiur nfkvaknhfkld. Ak asta sakthgf sa plrana eìs ld quasf. Elkthaka ad
slofr ìnhgf gad yfiurt, parf uk pfnf eìs gudna.

Fråiakas 
Fråiakas 
Dfs fråiakas gad yfiur irhaif kf astìk gad tfgf ndlrfs, pfr dl nlsh tftld lusaknhl
ga raihstrfs ld raspantf. ^a nraa qua ddaiþ ld Eaghtarrìkaf ak ldiók efeaktf ga
dl Aglg Lkthiul pfr forl ga dfs turnfs. Ak Iranhl ad nfksuef ga yfiur sa
axtakghþ, gaslrrfddìkgfsa ukl vlrhaglg dfnld qua dfirþ, nfk ad thaepf, dls
nlrlntaråsthnls ghsthkthvls qua gh`araknhlk ld yfiur irhaif lntuld. ^u usf ak dl
ilstrfkfeål dfnld `dfranhþ kftlodaeakta.

Ad
Kftèrehkf yfiur ga
jly raihstrfs as su
ga usf
frhiak turnf. ^a
plslgf. Ad frhiak gad qua
nfkshgarl yfiur
dfsirhaif
turnfskf
df astì euy ndlrf.
hktrfgucarfk ak
dl nudturl eaghtarrìkal ak dl Aglg Eaghl. Ad yfiur ldnlkzþ ukl irlk lnaptlnhþk
ak Iranhl, gfkga sa gaslrrfddþ ukl vlrhaglg prfphl. Lkthiuleakta sa nfkshgarlol
qua ad yfiur asthdf irhaif f nfknaktrlgf sa adlofrlol nfk danja ga nlorl, y l
vanas ga fvacl2 l gh`araknhl gad yfiur qua sa fotakål l plrthr ga dl danja ga vlnl.
Nfepfshnhþk gad yfiurt irhaif3
XFIQ_W I_HAIF
Eltarhl irlsl dìntal 8 f <=% >,1%
]rftaåkls : l <0% Dl ehtlg.

Jhgrltfs ga nlrofkf 8% <9

 

Ad yfiur irhaif sa adlofrl trls `hdtrlr ad suarf gad yfiur. Asta `hdtrlgf gad suarf
prfvfnl ukl nfknaktrlnhþk ga prftaåkls, irlsls, ehkarldas y ftrfs nfepfkaktas,
qua ldtarl dl nfepfshnhþk gad yfiur. Ldiukfs adaeaktfs sa gasprakgak ak ad
suarf, ehaktrls qua dfs adaeaktfs qua sa elkthakak ak ad yfiur thakgak l
nfknaktrlrsa y l lueaktlr su prfpfrnhþk.

Nfk ad suarf, ad yfiur sa gasprakga ga plrta ga ukl nhartl nlkthglg ga nldnhf,

dlntfsl y lzónlr. Ad yfiur irhaif nfkthaka eakfs dlntfsl qua ad yfiur nfeók.
Astf oaka`hnhl l dls parsfkls qua euastrlk hktfdarlknhl raspantf l astl prftaåkl
dìntal y qua puaga garhvlr ak prfodaels ghiasthvfs.
@hkldeakta, su lpfrtlnhþk nldþrhnl as hk`arhfr l dl gad yfiur kfreld. Astf `lvfrana
su uthdhzlnhþk ak ghatls. ]fr ftrf dlgf, ad yfiurt irhaif prasaktl uk 8 f <=% ga
eltarhl irlsl dìntal, ehaktrls qua ad yfiurt kf suparl >,1% ga eltarhl irlsl
dìntal. Ad yfiur as eìs nfepdatf sh thakak eìs irlsl dìntal, yl qua dls olntarhls
sa gaslrrfddlk pfr nfepdatf. Dl irlsl dìntal lpfrtl eìs nfkshstaknhl eìs
nraefsl ld yfiur, lueaktl su slofr.
Ftrl nlrlntaråsthnl gad yfiurt irhaif as qua gupdhnl dl nfknaktrlnhþk ga prftaåkls
raspantf l dl ga dfs yfiuras kfreldas. Dl prfpfrnhþk ga prftaåkls gad yfiur
irhaif sa shtól aktra ad : y ad <0%. ^a trltl ga prftaåkls ga ldtf vldfr ohfdþihnf
qua vlk l nfktrhouhr ld ouak gaslrrfddf gad shstael hkeukfdþihnf y gad naraorf
 Xfiur irhaif. Oaka`hnhfs kutrhnhfkldas
kutrhnhfkldas 
Dls nlrlntaråsthnls gad yfiur irhaif y su nfepfshnhþk nfkvhartak ld yfiur ak uk
ouak ldhlgf plrl kuastrl sldug sh sa uthdhzl nfk efgarlnhþk.

]rfphaglgas ghiasthvls

Ad
ak yfiur as uk prfguntf
ad astþelif. yl `areaktlgf,ak
Hk`duya pfshthvleakta pfrdldfghiasthþk
qua astairlnhls
prfnasfl kf
su sa vl l raldhzlr
rhquazl ak prf-
ohþthnfs. Astls olntarhls slduglodas kfs lyuglk l `frtldanar kuastrl `dfrl hktasthkld
`lnhdhtlkgf dl ghiasthþk y dl losfrnhþk ga dfs ldheaktfs.
Xfiur irhaif plrl lgadilzlr
Ad yfiur irhaif kfs puaga lyuglr l pargar pasf irlnhls su ldtf vldfr prftahnf.
Qkl tlzl ga yfiurt irhaif ga nldhglg puaga lpfrtlr ad trhpda ga prftaåkls ga uk
yfiur kfreld. Astf df nfkvharta ak uk prfguntf euy ranfeakgloda plrl ad
gaslyukf f plrl tfelr ld tarehklr uk aktraklehaktf ga pasls.
 

Dl rhquazl gad yfiur irhaif ak yfgf `lvfrana ad ouak `uknhfklehaktf ga dl

idìkgudl thrfhgas. Dl thrfhgas sa aknlril ga prfnaslr y ldelnaklr irlsls. Nfk ad
yfiur irhaif ragunhefs dl pèrghgl ga eósnudf y elxhehzlefs dl pèrghgl ga irlsl.
Hk`duaknhl ak dl prashþk lrtarhld

Ad yfiurlrtarhld.
prashþk irhaif prasaktl uk khvad
Astf supfka euyplrl
uk ldhvhf olcfdlga`uknhþk
sfghf,nlrgålnl
`lnhdhtlkgf ad aquhdhorhf
y dfs rhüfkas ga dl
Hknfkvakhaktas gad yfiur irhaif
Ad yfiur irhaif thaka uk ldtf nfktakhgf nldþrhnf, pfr df qua as nfkvakhakta efgarlr
efga rlr
su nfksuef. Ad yfiurt irhaif olcf ak irlsl as eìs nlrf y eunjf eìs gh`ånhd ga
aknfktrlr. Dfs yfiuras irhaifs prfnaslgfs puagak f`ranar uk nfktakhgf
kutrhnhfkld gh`arakta. Dfs prfguntfs prfnaslgfs puagak hknduhr lzónlras lülghgfs
ak su nfepfshnhþk, df qua vl l lueaktlr su vldfr nldþrhnf. Ak asta sakthgf,
shaepra as kanaslrhf ravhslr dl athquatl gad yfiur plrl nfkfnar su nfktakhgf
kutrhnhfkld.

^htulnhþk lntuld
Jfy ak gål, ad yfiur irhaif as ukl ldtarklthvl l dfs yfiuras trlghnhfkldas (pfr
acaepdf dfs olthgfs y/f oaohodas). ^us prfnasfs, eakfs lutfelthzlgfs a
hkiraghaktas usuldeakta eìs sadantfs (nfef pfr acaepdf dl danja ga nlorl),
thakgak l adavlr ad pranhf gad prfguntf pfr aknhel gad prfeaghf. Astf, kf
fostlkta, kf earel dl gaelkgl ak df eåkhef y thakga l hknraeaktlr dl tlsl ga
nfksuehgfras ak eaghf ga uk earnlgf prfirashvleakta eìs axquhshtf y ifureat.
Kuearfsls aeprasls `lorhnlktas ga yfiur, jlk dlkzlgf ukl vlrhaglg irhail. ^hk
aeolrif, axhstak ldiukls aeprasls qua f`ranak vlrhaglgas ldtarklthvls qua kf
sa lsaeaclk ld yfiur irhaif trlghnhfkld qua as euy gaksf y nraefsf  
 

GHLI_LEL 
GHLI_LEL  A^]ANH@HNLNHFKA^

_anapnhþk varh`hnlr qua astè dhephl dl danja, ga uk focatf axtrlüf

eltarhl prhel

nfdlr dl danja ak ad naglzf nfk eunjf nuhglgf

@hdtrlnhþk

]lstaurhzlnhþk Nfdfnlr dl danja l ldtl taeparlturl y olclr su taeparlturl

rìphgleakta (takar nfktrfdlgl su taeparlturl)

Ak`rhlehaktf Elktakar su taeparlturl astloda gurlkta su `areaktlnhþk

Hknuolnhþk Ad prfnasf ga `frelnhþk gad iad sa prfguna ukhgf l dls

efgh`hnlnhfkas ga dl vhsnfshglg

@hdtrlnhþk sa nfdfnl ak uk plüf f dhakzf dhephf ak dl kavarl jlstl qua

asnurrl tfgf ad suarf pfr uk thaepf lprfxhelgf ga 0 jfrls

Akvlslgf y ^a nfdfnl ak dfs akvlsas dl eareadlgl ga `rasl y duaif sa

lghnhþk ga sldsl da lirail ad yfiurt
ga `rasl
 

ADLOF_LNHFK EA_EADLGL GA @_A^L

GHLI_LEL 
GHLI_LEL  A^]ANH@HNLNHFKA^

^adannhfklr dl ^adannhfklefs dl `rutl ga eacfr nldhglg

eltarhl prhel

Dlvlr y
gashk`antlr dl Dlvlr y gashk`antlr nfk jhpfndfrhtf ld =.1 ed pfr dhtrf
`rutl

]aslr dl `rutl Nfdfnlr ak ad pasf dl `rutl plrl nldnudlr dfs gaeìs

hkiraghaktas

Ldhstlr y trfnalr \uhtlr plrta glülgls, quhtlr dls jfcls y ad pagóknudf y

dl `rutl nfrtlrdl ak tlelüf lganulgf

Nldnudf ga ^aiók dl nlkthglg ga dl pudpl ga `rutl sa nldnudl ad lzónlr y

lzónlr, panthkl y ìnhgf nåtrhnf, saiók dl nlkthglg ga lzónlr sa nldnudl dl
ìnhgf nåtrhnf panthkl

Nfdfnlr ld `uaif Nfdfnlr ld `uaif dl `rutl liul y ukl plrta ga lzónlr

l puktf ga
sa lghnhfkl dl saiukgl plrta ga lzónlr y sa gacl jlstl qua
jarvfr lghnhfklr
ga puktf
lzónlr nfk
panthkl

gaclr ak`rhlr sa gacl ak`rhlr y sa nfdfnl ak dfs akvlsas

 

@HNJL WANKHNL
KFEO_A GAD  Xfiurt slofr l `rasl.
]_FGQNWF3
]rfguntf fotakhgf l plrthr ga dl `areaktlnhþk nfktrfdlgl,
GA^N_H ] NH FK lghnhþk ga astlohdhzlktas, y `rutl `rasnl.
NFE]F^HNHÞK
Danja aktarl nrugl, nudthvf, idunfsl, `rutl `rasnl.

PLDF_
KQW_HNHFKLD

 Lrfel3 dìntafy nlrlntaråsthnf

^lofr3 gudna gad prfguntf.
dìntaf nlrlntaråsthnf gad prfguntf.
NL_LNWA_H^WHNL^ Nfdfr3 Gapakghakgf ga dl `rutl.
^AK^F_HLDA^ Waxturl3 nraefsf, sulva.

As hgald plrl dl dfknjarl, ga fknas, eaghls kuavas f

nfef pfstra l nuldquhar jfrl gad gål, puastf qua as uk
prfguntf qua lpfrtl irlk nlkthglg
ga kutrhaktas, l kuastrl ghatl yl qua
@F_EL^ GA as adlofrlgf nfk danja ga vlnl. Qkl vaz lohartf ad
NFK^QEF prfguntf nfksuehr df eìs prfktf pfshoda f
gaclr ak nfkghnhfkas ga ra`rhiarlnhþk gaohgleakta
Wlplgf
As uk prfguntf qua ddlel dl ltaknhþk ga dfs khüfs y
NFK^QEHGF_A^ lgfdasnaktas, y qua lgaeìs as ukl `uakta ga
]FWAKNHLDA^ prftaåkl lyuglkgf l su gaslrrfddf y nranhehaktf, y
puaga sar nfksuehgf pfr tfgls dl aglgas.
]_A^AKWLNHFKA^ Aeplqua akvlslgf ak pdìsthnf nfk tlpl.
NFEA_NHLDA^ X Athquatl3 ak astl aknfktrlefs ad kfeora ga dfs
ELWA_HLD GA `lorhnlktas y ad kfeora gad prfguntf.
AKPL^A
Nfksarvlnhþk ra`rhiarlnhþk l taeparlturl ga = -> ½n,
NFKGHNHFKA^ GA elktakar y nfksarvlr dl nlgakl ga `rhf.
ELKACF X
NFK^A_PLNHFK
 

0. EAWFGFDFIHL

Gasga dl nfksanunhþk ga dl eltarhl prhel, sa lplrtl nfk lktarhfrhglg dl nlkthglg

ga danja y sus hkiraghaktas. Kuastrf eètfgf prhknhpld as nuepdhr l nloldhglg dls

kfrels y ouakls
nfrrantleakta prìnthnls
dfs plsfs ga elku`lnturl ak tfgf ad prfnasf, saiuhr
ga adlofrlnhþk.
]lrl fotakar uk ouak prfguntf sa prfnaga Lså3
Fotakar dl eltarhl prhel
@hdtrlr dl danja
Gasnraelr plrnhldeakta plrl qua ad prfguntf sal eìs olrltf y eakfs
paranagarf.
Jfefiakhzlr dl danja plrl avhtlr dl saplrlnhþk ga dl nrael y lgquhrhr elyfr
vhsnfshglg.
Adavlr dl taeparlturl plrl gastruhr dfs ièreakas kfnhvfs y pltþiakfs l ukl
taeparlturl ga 8=½N. (WHAE]F)
_aldhzlr ad njfqua tèrehnf jlstl dfirlr 7? l 71 ½N plrl ilrlkthzlr dl raldhzlnhþk
ga dls plstarhzlnhþk.
Hknuolr dl danja nulkgf takil ga 7?½N l71½N ga taeparlturl nfk uk nudthvf purf
ga astraptfnfnfs-tarefphdls y dlntfolnhdfs-oudilrhnus.
Hknuolr l 7?-71½N ak ukl nlcl ga hnfpfr u ftrf nfeplrthehaktf qua nfksarva ad
nldfr, f olüf elrål.
Nfdfnlr l asnurrhr ad suarf pfr 0 jfrls ak ra`rhiarlnhÿk
_a`rhiarlr plrl gatakar dl lnthvhglg ga eudthpdhnlnhþk ga dfs nudthvfs.
 Lirailr dl eareadlgl eazndlkgf par`antleakta plrl jfefiakhzlr f akgudzlr.
Aeplnlr ad yfiurt yl sal ak nlcls tatrl plnb, phephkls pdìsthnls u ftrfs ga
eltarhld ga vhgrhf.
_a`rhiarlr l1½N plrl nfksarvlr.
Nfearnhldhzlr.
 

Dls nfkghnhfkas plrl uk ouak nudthvf gaoa sar ak prhear duilr, glr uk nfliudf
sulva y `hrea, kf gaoa prasaktlr saplrlnhfkas, kh takar irìkudfs l eakfs qua
jlyl adlofrlgf nfk uk nudthvf l taeparlturl hklganulgl f nfk yfiuras
aspanhldas, kf gaoa pfsaar ils.
Wfgf prfguntf dìntaf gaoa nuepdhr astìkglras ga nldhglg, gaoa takar uk slofr,
fdfr, taxturl, lnhgaz lganulgl y ukl prasaktlnhþk jhihèkhnl y ddlelthvl.
_aldhzlr dhephazl ga utakshdhfs ak dl pdlktl nfk liul nldhakta plrl gashk`antlr dls
fddls, tareþeatrf, nfdlgfr y ftrfs.
 Ld nfeakzlr l uslr dl danja, sa gaoa ddavlr uk prfnasf lganulgf, lså3
@HDW_LNHFK3 ]lslr dl eltarhl
eltarhl prhel pfr dfs tlehnas
tlehnas f `hdtrfs plrl
`hdtrfs plrl quhtlr sfdhgfs f
hepurazls.
GA^N_AELGF  (fpnhfkld)3 saplrlr dl irlsl ga dl danja. ^us vaktlcls as qua ad
pranhf gad prfguntf sarì eìs anfkþehnf y sa nfksarvlrl eìs. ^us gasvaktlcls
sfk qua ad prfguntf sarì eìs hknfkshstakta y eakfs gaksf. ^a puaga gasnraelr
elkuldeakta (nunjlraf), f eanìkhnleakta (gasnraelgfrl) l ukl taeparlturl ga
>1½N.
A^WA_HDHSL_ DL DANJA3 Jarvhr l <1½N y <?=½N
<?= ½N gurlkta <1 ehkutfs
Ak`rhlr hkeaghltleakta
Ad yfiurt as ukl oaohgl `areaktlgl nfk irlk vldfr kutrhthvf plranhgf ld ga dl danja
parf nfk uk nudthvf ga olntarhls oakè`hnls qua eacfrlk y raiakarlk dl `dfrl
hktasthkld. Dl nfepfshnhþk y ad vldfr gad yfiurt sfk kutrhthvfs hiuldeakta qua dl
eltarhl prhel uslgl, pfr asf sa gaoa uslr danja ga ouakl nldhglg.

Ak su praplrlnhþk sa gaoa takar ak nuaktl nfef nuldquhar prfnasf dls ouakls

prìnthnls ga elku`lnturl (O]E) kfrels ga jhihaka lgaeìs ga dl praplrlnhþk.
 

:. NF^WF^

]_FGQNWF NLKWHGLG PLDF_ QKHWL_HF PLDF_ WFWLD

DANJA ?= DHW_F^ $<=== $?=.===

LSQNL_ > BHDF^ $>.=== $8.===

NQDWHPF < ^FO_A $1=== $1.===

AE]L\QA^ 1= $?== $<=.===

@_A^L ? BHDF^ $>.=== $0===

IL^ $>===

WFWLD $ 1>.===

QKHGLGA^ GA XFIQ_WJ ]_FGQNHGL^ 5 1=

NF^WF QKHGLG5 nfstf ga prfgunnhþk/ukhglgas prfgunhgls
1>.===/1= 5 <=0=

]_ANHF GA PAKWL5 ?1==

QWHDHGLG ]F_ QKHGLG5 vldfr vaktl ukhglg- vldfr prfgunnhþk ukhglg
?1==  „ <=0= 5 <77=

QWHDHGLG ]F_ ]_FGQNNHÞK5 $ 1= Z <77= 5 9?.===

 

8. NFKNDQ^HÞKA^

^a puaga nfknduhr ga asta prfyantf qua ad yfiurt irhaif as uk prfguntf ga irlk

lnaptlnhþk ak dl nfeukhglg lrofdaglkl, dl nuld df ranhohþ nfk lirlgf quaglkgf

addf gaefstrlgf ak dl vaktl gad prfguntf qua `ua ga `frel rìphgl, ak gfkga kfs
jhzf `ldtl prfguntf plrl dl vaktl. Lgaeìs sa puaga gakftlr qua as uk prfguntf
ldtleakta raktloda.
 

<=. OHODHFI_L@HL

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YHBH]AGHL 
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