87 høas ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn

 

KAEYNELIA
Flsth in Lfustrhklaen
Lfustrhklaenss
Nxprnslaens in drhtltui
Rrûfada in Niiln Pniinr 
R]N@
R] N@HK
HKLALA Cl gl
glst
star
arlh
lh
RH]YN L
^EH LEY]AI^KKLÛE H FH CHDLH
8
±Rar quì hprneinr chdlh1
=
Xuì ns fh chdlh y quì ea ns fh chdlh
RH]Y
RH ]YN
N LL R]N
R]NFL
FLCL
CLEH
EH]N
]N[[
;
Rar quì fas flmras in gnkglzas ea `ueklaehe
99

Kaca hrrlmh, Ilrldlneia
R]ÈKYLKH hsã hmhja: nfsupainr in  fh htneklûe
htneklûe
>>
Netrneheia tu cnetn
R]ÈKYLKH Kleka cnilthklaens mèslkhs 
00
Fh chdlh in fh vlsuhflzhklûe
R]ÈKYLKH Plsuhflzhklûe 
44
Nfnvhr y ilrldlr fh nenrdãh
Rèdleh >

R]ÈKYLKH  Hucneta in nenrdãh: @hsn 8 

R]ÈKYLKH  Hucneta in nenrdãh: @hsn = 
7
Yrhmhjheia kae fh iuih
<
Rnrsaehflzheia su prèktlkh y kacnezheia
RH]YN LLL R]ÈKY
R]ÈKYLKH[
LKH[ @^EIHCNEYHFN[
@^EIHCNEY HFN[ IN FH
CHDLH
82
Rrhktlkheia vhrlhklaens in fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn
R]ÈKYLKH  Nf hflneta kuèirupfn: vnrslûe rèplih 
R]ÈKYLKH  Nf hflneta kuèirupfn kae vlsuhflzhklûe 
 

Hpflkhklûe safhr
R]ÈKYLKH  Fh hpflkhklûe kuèirupfn inf hflneta safhr: vnrslûe 8 
R]ÈKYLKH  Fh hpflkhklûe kuèirupfn inf hflneta safhr: vnrslûe = 
Hpflkhklûe fuehr
R]ÈKYLKH  Fh hpflkhklûe kuèirupfn inf hflneta fuehr: Pnrslûe 8 
R]ÈKYLKH  Fh hpflkhklûe kuèirupfn inf hflneta fuehr: Pnrslûe = 
Hpflkhklûe nsthklaehf
R]ÈKYLKH  
 Fh hpflkhklûe kuèirupfn inf hflneta nsthklaehf 
LEYN]F^IN
LEYN ]F^IN Hfdue
Hf duehh glstarlh
glstar lh in fh chdlh
88
Nf plfhr cnila
R]ÈKYLKH  ]nhflzhr nf rltuhf inf plfhr cnila 
R]HKYLKH Klrkufheia Nenrdãh kae nf Rlfhr Cnila 
8=
Fh kruz khmhfãstlkh
R]ÈKYLKH  Cnilthklûe kruzhih khmhfãstlkh: vnrslûe 8 (trhilklaehf) 
R]ÈKYLKH  Cnilthklûe kruzhih khmhfãstlkh: vnrslûe = 
8;
Nf rltuhf in instlnrra cnear inf pnethdrhch
R]ÈKYLKH  Nf rltuhf in instlnrra cnear inf pnethdrhch 
Rèdleh 0
RH]YN
RH]YN LP R]È
R]ÈKYL
KYLKH[
KH[ HILKLAEH
HILK LAEHFN[
FN[
89
Nf rltuhf in levakhklûe cnear inf pnethdrhch
R]ÈKYLKH Klrkulthr nf Yncpfa 
8>
Levakhklûe in gunsas inseuias
ilnklsìls
Krnheia `archs in pneshclneta
R]ÈKYLKH Krnhr ueh `arch in pneshclneta 
Yhflschens, hcufntas y thtuhjns
Hduh
R]ÈKYLKH Khrdheia tu hduh 
R]ÈKYLKH  Rradrhcheia su hduh 
Hilvlehklûe: ^sheia nf Yhrat
R]ÈKYLKH Khrdheia tu mhrhjh in thrat  
84
Mneilklaens in kaclih
R]HKYLKH ^eh Mneilklûe in Kaclih 
RH]YN
RH] YN P RNE
87 høas RNE[HC
[HCLNEY
LNEYA[
A[ @LEHFN[
@LEHF N[
 

Lcpfncnetas Cèdlkas
8<
Kghchelsca ^rmhea
=2
Kaeakntn h tl clsca
Rasihth
[amrn nf Hutar 
Yhcmlìe par Ihclne Nkgafs
[amrn fas saelias vnrihinras
Rèdleh 4
Inrnkgas in hutar 
Hfhmhezh
Hfhm hezh par fh hfth chdlh 
Rèdleh 7

LF^[Y]HKLAEN[
NF RLFH] CNILA
FH È]MAF
NF K]^Z XHMHFL[YLKH
XHMHFLKA IN FH PLIH
KÛCA ILM^JH] ^E RNEYHD]HCH IN IN[GHMLFLYHKLÛE
KÛCA ILM^JH] ^E RNEYHD]HCH LEPAKHEYN
Rèdleh <
 

Y
NWR]N[LAEN[ IN D]HYLY^I
Hquã ghy hfduehs kashs ne nstn cueia qun nxlstlrãhe sle nf trhmhja,
ns`unrza y kaetrlmuklûe in cukghs pnrsaehs, y nstn flmra ea ns ueh
nxknpklûe.
Hetn taia, cn dusthrãh hdrhinknr h cl nspash, Farrl. Ghmrãh ghmlia
ea ghy `arch in qun tnrclen nstn trhmhja sle qun snhs fh mhsn y nf hpaya
nsa cn sastlnen Yhcmlìe cn dusthrãh
 par hmrlrsn h
d usthrãh hdrhinknr h fh `hclflh [aueis Yrun

ya y ffnvhrcn inetra. ^stnins ghe kucpflia ue sunøa in taih fh vlih

 phrh cã yinetra
Nf `unda rnvlvlr in cã. Drhklhs, Yhcl [lcae, par tnenr `n ne cã. Drhklhs
rnvlvlr 
h
Orlstn Rnapfns par ghknr qun ue praknsa htnrrhiar snh sldel`lkhtlvhc
sldel`lkhtlvhcnetn
netn
cnear y par snrvlr 
kaca fh kachiraeh qun cn shkû nstn trhmhja h fh fuz inf iãh. Drhklhs
h ]amnrt Fnn, cl niltar, par tnenr phklneklh kae cl nskrlturh ilspnrsh
cìtaia y phrh ghknr cls inspatrlkhkl
i nspatrlkhklaens
aens cès kagnrnetns y ihr arine h
cl khas.
Drhklhs h Clkgnfn Hetgaey, cl gnrcheh y cl `hclflh. Ea nstay sndura
in qun húe nsthrãh
hfrniniar
ya. sle tu hcar y hpaya. [lncprn afnrès h Ehvlihi phrh
Drhklhs h Jageey Inpp par khclehr kaeclda kuheia inkliã qun
enknslthmh
vafvnr h Hroheshs phrh pnilrfns qun intnedhe fhs njnkuklaens in
 pnrsaehs patneklhfcnetn
patneklhfcnetn leaknetns
leaknetns
gacmrns par nf nsthia. Fas incaelas ea tn hcnehzhrae the
hcnehzhiarhcnetnn par cl
hcnehzhiarhcnet
fhia.
Drhklhs h Niiln Pniinr par nf kaetleua hcar qun cn ghs rainhia.
kae hcmas ne prlslûe y h`unrh. Nrns fh cnjar `hclflh qun pairãh ghmnr
nspnrhia
ne nstn cueia.
 

Rar úftlca, in eledueh chenrh levnetì fh chdlh. [lda fas phsas in

hfdueas in
Fas cnjarns chdas in fh glstarlh: Lsrhnf ]ndhriln, Hfnlstnr Krawfny,
Jage
Clkghnf Drnnr, Iaehfi Clkghnf Orhld, Iaratgy Carrlsae, [lfvnr
]hvnewaf`,
ycl[tnpgne Chkn. Ffnehstn cl cnetn in vlslûe, cl karhzûe in nspnrhezh y
hfch kae fh ncaklûe in shmnr fa qun ns paslmfn. Drhklhs.
Rèdleh 82

T
R]N@HKLA
n kaenkthia par flmras.
Cès hffè inf khsa in Tnst Cncpgls Ygrnn. Cès hffè in fh sltuhklûe.
Ihclne fn ihrãh h su nspash Farrl ueh snfnkklûe in flmras qun ghmãh fnãia
y hpramhia.
nffas h cã. Yneda cukgas vafúcnens nskrltas kae nf eacmrn "Ihclne
Nkgafs"
ne nf letnrlar in fh kafuceh vnrtnmrhf [lncprn cn chrhvlffì in fh hcpflh
dhch in tnchs
y kûca ueh pnrsaeh ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn puia praparklaehrcn
theths eavnfhs qun
 Euekh ghmãh nskukghia
nskukghia hetns. Ea safa kaeakãh
kaeakãh h Ihclne
Ihclne kaca ue
gacmrn leaknetn, slea qun
uea niukhia, thcmlìe.
Ne fh rhrh akhslûe ne qun pairãhcas kae`ldurhr ueh ffhchih tnfn`ûelkh,
kacnezhrãh kae kûca ìf
nsthmh ghklneia. Ilskutlrãhcas nf khsa ue paka, kae sunrtn kae hfdúe
 pradrnsa phrh
rnpartn. Ghmfhr in cúslkh, thf vnz. Rnra funda vafvlneia h fas flmras,
slncprn flmras. Nrh
slncprn le`lelthcnetn `rustrhetn
`rustrhetn kuheia ueh vaz ramûtlkh y pradrhchih
 

Letnrrucplr leil`nrnetncnetn
leil`nrnetncnetn eunstrh ffhchih phrh inklr: "Ylnens trnleth
sndueias". Ns vlrtuhfcnetn
lcpaslmfn kaekfulr ueh kaevnrshklûe a pneshclneta pra`ueia ne nsh
khetlihi flclthih in
garh. Atra lekaevnelnetn `arzhia qun phrnkãh ueh tarturh.
Kuheia Ihclne `un `lehfcnetn flmnrhia ne nf vnrhea in =288, atardû
samrn cã in
 pndhtleh su insdhsthih krnineklhf
Jhko kafakhih
Jhko lrûelk in linetl`lkhklûe in prlslûe. Yneãh ueh
lrûelkhcnetn
hcnetn
Fh khmnzh in [onffledtae paslklaehih samrn fh khrh in Ihclne. Nf
thcmlne cn prnsneta
kae ue pnqunøa flmra in mafslffa, nf Hstrafadlkhf Rakont Rfheenr in
 Ffnwnffye - ue
tlpa in ilhrla in `hsn fuehr. Fhs khjhs ueh vnz vhkãhs in `nkghs y iãhs
nrhe hgarh
ffneas ghsth fhs `raetnrhs kae jnradfã`lkas nskrltas h chea, ue rndlstra in
su ilhrla
vlih ne prlslûe ne `arch in sãcmafas y eaths kacpfnjhs.
Ihclne cn nxpflkû su slstnch. Fhs chrkhs nsthmhe hffã phrh iakucnethr 
fh khetlihi in vnkns qun ghmãh kacpfnthia sus rltuhfns huta-prnskrltas -
cnilthklaens
y nf trhmhja nenrdìtlka qun ushmh phrh pratndnrsn kaetrh fh nenrdãh
endhtlvh inf
 pnrsaehs y fudhr ne nf qun nsthmh.
nsthmh. Nrh lcpfhkhmfn.
lcpfhkhmfn. [hmlneia qun nsthia
the `rèdlf ìf
`un ne fh chyarãh in fhs vnkns, nstè kfhra qun nsths ilsklpflehs y prèktlkhs
Rèdleh 88
 judû ue phpnf kfhvn
kfhvn ne Ihclne puilneia shfvhr su praplh vlih. @un
supnrvlvneklh. \
fh `arch ne qun nstn gacmrn hsuclû nsh thrnh rnqulrlû ueh `arthfnzh
cnethf cès hffè in fa qun
fh chyarãh in easatras paincas netneinr.
Ìf fnyû. Nf nstuilû. Karrlû ne nf fudhr par clffhs ghsth qun sus plns
shedrhrae
khfkntlens. Funda cniltû. \ fnn ue paka cès. Yaia nf tlncpa
iakucnetheia.
Nf flmra qun tlnens hgarh ns praiukta in su vlhjn y fas rltuhfns qun ìf
safãh pnrsnvnrhr. Khehflzheia nf iafar, fh lejustlklh y fh mruthflihi
lekacprneslmfn
Ne ue trhmhja ffnea in painr y pasltlvlihi ns ue rndhfa qun gh gnkga
 phrh
Nstaytaias easatr
easatras.
clrheia as.ilhrla y vna khih netrhih ilhrlh inesh kae kûilda
nstn
 

n le`archklûe clstnrlash y cãstlkh. Nstay clrheia su úftlch netrhih in

hdasta
87º: nf úftlca iãh in cès in 87 høas ne ueh knfih in 7 'Ô 82'. \ clra nf
vhkãa
khcpas in rnktèedufas ea nskrltas qun rnprnsnethe sus `uturas iãhs in
flmnrthi. \
huequn nstèe
in`lelias. nensa
[afa mfheka, cn iay kuneth in qun ea intuva sus rltuhfns
su vnrihinrh nskrlturh yh gh kacnezhia.
Niiln Pniinr
[nhttfn, TH, =287
Rhdleh 8=

R]N@HKLA
Rèdleh 8;

@
Cl glstarlh
a hqunffas in ustnins qun ea cn kaeakne a qun euekh ghe nskukghia cl
glstarlh, qulnra kacnezhr kae ue paka in le`archklûe in `aeia samrn cã
yvlhjn.
cl Huequn nstn ns ue flmra in prèktlkhs instlehia h hyuihrtn in
kuhfqulnr chenrh
kaca cnjar fn phrnzkh, thcmlìe ns ueh nspnkln in ilhrla in vlhjn, fa qun
sldel`lkh qun nstè ffnea in inthffns y
insvãas qun tn phrnkne lcparthetns phrh a`rnknrtn ne tu prapla vlhjn kae
chdlh. [l tu
insnh ueh glstarlh pnrsaehf cès kacpfnth, fnh  Fl`n H`tnr
 Inhtg hei \aurs phrh  Fh Fh ntnrelihi  :
 : taia nstè hgã. In taias caias, par
hgarh, hquã ghy ue rnsucne phrh hyuihrfa h amtnenr 
 phrh kaeaknrcn ue ue paka cnjar het
hetns
ns in sucnrdlreas
sucnrdlreas ne hprneinr y
 prhktlkhr chdlh:
chdlh:
 

Krnkã nxtrnchihcnetn
nxtrnchihcnetn pamrn. In `arch rndufhr, cl `hclflh ea paiãh
 phdhr 
kaclih, raph eunvh, nfnktrlklihi, hduh karrlnetn, khfar, fa qun snh. Ne nf
levlnrea
eas kaednfhcas y ne vnrhea eas qunchcas. ]hrhcnetn nsthmh flcpla y
h cneuia tneãh ghcmrn. Ne
Rar ue fhia,
 prunmhs phrhsn pairãh inklr qun cl niukhklûe cn prnphrû phrh fhs
vne, pnra ea ns `arch in qun ue eløa krnzkh, yh qun cukgas eløas
hfrniniar 
Nf cueia fa shmn mlne. Cls phirns, safa eløas, ea phrnkãhe tnenr 
amjntlvas qun ea snhe phshr atra iãh. Ea cn ncpujhrae h cnjarhr 
h cã clsca a cn vh mlne ne fh nskunfh, y `lehfcnetn cn shfã kaca fa
ghmãhe gnkga. Lekfusa
hetns in nsa, shmãh qun tneãh qun ghmnr cès ne fh vlih: hfda cès hfta y
cès
sldel`lkhtlva, pnra ea nsthmh sndura in quì nrh.
Fa úelka phrh fnnr ne eunstrh khsh `unrae nsas thmfalins mhrhtas qun vns
ne
fãenh ne fh tlneih in kacnstlmfns: fhs qun tlnene tltufhrns kaca "Ghf`-
Daht, Ghf`-May"
Htarcneth fhs arlffhs inf Clsslsslppl. Cn snetã sukla y indrhihia safa
clrheia
nffas. [l hfdueh vnz rnkadlû uea, shmn qun tlnene taias nstas heueklas
fakas ne
htrès, y `un hffã iaein cn nekaetrì kae ue heuekla in ue flmra samrn
chdlh. Ea safa
kuhfqulnr flmra, pnra uea qun pracntlnrh taias fas snkrntas in fh chdlh
qun hfdueh vnz guma
drhmhia. Ea punia inskrlmlr nf lcphkta qun tuva ne cã kuheia nrh
eløa. Rhrh inskumrlr qun
fh chdlh ea nrh safa hfda in ueh ìpakh phshih, qun ea nrh ue hrtn hrkhea
 pnrilia
ne fhs hrnehs inf tlncpa, cn ffneû in ue snetlia leusuhf in nspnrhezh y
ncaklûe.
¡Fh chdlh nsthmh ne nf cueia y puin hprneinr y prhktlkhrfh! Nsn
ihrsn kuneth `un kaca ueh macmh nsthffheia inetra in cã. H phrtlr in
nsn cacneta, pnrsnduã
chdlh kaca sl cl vlih inpneilnrh in nffa (y, in gnkga, cès thrin fa
glza).
 

 Euekh rnklmã nsn

nsn flmra, ea lcparth
lcparth kuèeta supflkhrh.
supflkhrh. Kuheia nsths
fukgheia
Rèdleh 89
 phrh samrnvlvlr,
samrnvlvlr, ea tlnens ilenra
ilenra phrh dhsthr nnee kashs kaca flmras.
flmras. Rar
sunrtn,
Fhs mlmflatnkhs sae drhtulths y sae phrtn in
i n cl `arch in ghknr `rnetn h
fhs kaeilklaens indrhihetns in
cl le`heklh `un lr h mlmflatnkhs y nskhphr hf cueia in fas flmras. Garrar 
fhs eavnfhs ghmãhe slia cl dìenra `hvarlta, y cn nekhetû taia fa nskrlta
 par [tnpgne
]ny. Netaekns, ne fh mlmflatnkh, kacnekì cl nstuila in fh chdlh y
hprneiã samrn nf
Arine Gnrcìtlkh inf Hchenknr Iarhia, ueh ardhelzhklûe inilkhih hf
nstuila in
cnth`ãslkh y taia tlpa in tnchs akuftas. Cès samrn nffas cès thrin.
Hvhezh ue paka. Hfdueas cn ffhchrãhe ue hiafnsknetn "pramfncètlk
"pramfncètlka",
a",
fa ghmltuhf:
Hmheiaea in fh nskunfh snkueihrlh, khmnffa fhrda, ne`rnethclnetas
rnpntlias kae fh fny. [afa tuvn uea
hclda, Jhsae, y ìf nrh ue phrlh kaca ya. Clrh, vlvlcas ne ue pnqunøa,
 justa
hfh, kluihi `ueihcnethflsth iaein fas eløas qun vnstãhe khclsnths in
Cnthfflkh y
fh chdlh knrncaelhf prhktlkhih `un rnkghzhih, kaeinehih y hkushih in
taia
 

 mhja nf saf. Ne klnrta

klnrta caia, ea `un
`un ueh sarprnsh kuheia
kuheia fas paflkãhs
paflkãhs sn
 prnsnethrae ne nf
khsh cûvlf iaein vlvãh, eas nspashrae h Jhsae y h cã, y eas ffnvhrae h fh
nsthklûe
snr letnrradhia Cn hrrajhrae h ueh knfih inf thchøa in ueh khmleh
tnfn`ûelkh. ya
ea
vnzpaiãh snethrsn
ne kuheia ue apaflkãh
hkasthrsn? Yuvn qun nsthr in pln taih fh eakgn. In
vneirãh h prnduethrcn sl nsthmh flsta phrh ghknr cl kae`nslûe. Ea tneãh
linh in quì
ìf nsthmh ghmfheia.
Rnra hprneiã rèplihcnetn. Rar fh chøheh, ue junz cn hkusû in chthr h
trns
 Eløas in 7 høas kaca phrtn in hhfdúefdúe shkrl`lkla
shkrl`lkla shtèelka. Hfdulne cès,
ea Jhsae.
ghmãh hicltlia snr phrtn in fh knrncaelh y ghmãh h`lrchia qun ya nrh nf
khmnklffh. Fnã fh trheskrlpklûe in fh ffhchih kae`nslûe. @un nxtrhøa
cashlka, glstarlh in pnfãkufhs in tnrrar qun ea tneãh eledúe snetlia, y ea
tneãh
snetlia parqun fh paflkãh fa kahkklaeû krunfcnetn in ue eløa kae
 pramfnchs cnethfns,
cnethfns,
Jnssln, in cl mhrrla. Fa tarturhrae pslkafûdlkhc
pslkafûdlkhcnetn?
netn? fa glza lr 
sle kaclih, hduh a sunøa par cès in ueh iakneh in garhs? y fa hfnetû h
lcpflkhr h Jhsae y h cã, qun nrh taia fa qun enknslthmhe nskukghr. Ea
lcparth nf gnkga
qun fh inskrlpklûe in Jnssln in fh nskneh inf krlcne nsthmh tathfcnetn
inskhrthih.
Kuheia `ul h julkla, fh nvlineklh prnsnethih ne cl kaetrh sn knetrû ne fh
cúslkh.
Nskukgì cl letnrìs par fh chdlh y cl hcar par fhs eavnfhs in [tnpgne
Oled. In
Rar supunsta, nf jurhia tacû nsta kaca prunmh in qun hsnsleì
 mruthfcnetn h trns eløas.
Cn nekaetrhrae kufphmfn in trns khrdas in hsnslehta khplthf y cn
snetneklhrae h cunrtn.
 par leynkklûe fnthf.
fnthf. Rhsì fas sldulnetns
sldulnetns ilnklakga høas
høas y sntneth y snls
snls
iãhs ne fh cunrtn
`lfh, cès in fh clthi in nsn tlncpa ne kae`lehclneta saflthrla. Rar hgarh,
tn hgarrhrì nf
 puetas cès `leas
`leas in nsn tlncpa:
tlncpa: fhs hduhs rnsliuhfns
rnsliuhfns sle trhthr,
trhthr, nf khfar
hmrhshiar, fhs rhths y
casqultas, nf hlsfhclneta y fhs phflzhs ilhrlhs in fas duhrilhs. Fa chs
 

Fa lcparthetn hquã ns qun samrnvlvã. Ea safa samrnvlvã, slea qun shfã.

Rèdleh 8>
±Kûca1 Fh fhrdh glstarlh ns kacpflkhih y nstè mlne iakucnethih ne
atras fudhrns. Ne
 mrnvn, fn inma
inma cl vlih h fh nvlineklh in HIE,
HIE, fas iakucnethfns
in GMA Rhrhilsn Fast  , ,
y theths pnrsaehs in taia nf cueia qun pratnsthrae ne cl eacmrn. Rnra
nf
Fh vnrslûe karth, y nf amjntlva in nstn flmra, ns slcpfn: fh chdlh cn shfvû
fh vlih.
Fh chdlh `un fa úelka ne prlslûe qun cn ila ue prapûslta ne cl vlih y
cn chetuva kunria.
Fh chdlh nrh fa úelka kae fa qun tneãh qun pratndnrcn. \ nsa ns fa qun
nsta
nf flmra trhth samrn fhs prèktlkhs qun cn chetuvlnrae vlva iurhetn khsl
ias iìkhihs ne fh cunrtn
`lfh.
Rèdleh 80
 

Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf Ghchflnf

Rèdleh 84

RH]YN L
^EH LEY]AI^KKLÛE H FH
CHDLH
Rèdleh 87
 

@
8
±RA] X^Ì HR]NEIN] CHDLH1
Ne prlcnr fudhr, yh nstès ghklneia chdlh. Kae khih pneshclneta, kae
 phfhmrh, in gnkga
gnkga nstès le`fuyneia
le`fuyneia ne nf cueia qun tn rainh y nst
nsths
hs
intnrcleheia fa qun vlnen ne hinfhetn, nsths kaestruyneia ueh rnhflihi.

Lekfusa kuheia nsthmh ne kae`lehclneta saflthrla nspnrheia snr

njnkuthia, ya
Yaihvãh pairãh ihr `arch h cl rnhflihi ne drhe cnilih. In hkunria, fh
chyarãh in fh dnetn
lekaesklnetncnetn:
lekaesklnetnc ghkn nsta
netn: ghkne qun fhs kashs suknihe ne sus vlihs sle ihrfn
ueh
sndueia pneshclneta. Fh úelkh il`nrneklh netrn ue chda y tu pracnila
^eh pnrsaeh ne fh khffn ns qun ue chda ghkn chdlh
letneklaehfcnetn.
letneklaehfcnet n. Ne cl aplelûe,
sl kaesthetncnetn njnrkns le`funeklh samrn fh rnhflihi, ns ueh muneh linh
hprneinr kûca
ghzfa mlne.
Krna qun fas vlslaehrlas nsplrltuhfns
nsplrltuhfns slncprn ghe slia prhktlkhetns
 painrasas in
Chdlh:
Dhuthch fasMuiigh,
pra`nthssafa
inf par
Hetldua Ynsthcneta,
eacmrhr hfdueas. Jnsús, Chgach,inilkhrae
Nsths pnrsaehs Fha Ysì y
sus vlihs h
nvafuklûe nsplrltuhf ne mnen`lkla in taias. Kuheia hfdulne fn prnduetû hf
Muih, "±Xuì nrns1 ±Nrns ue ilas a nrns ue gacmrn1 Nf muihm uih
slcpfncnetn rnspaeilû: "[ay ue insplnrta". Xulsa inklr qun ghmãh
inspnrthia h kûca taia `ueklaeh - h fhs fnyns inf ohrch, inf Ihrgch y
hf gnkga in qun fh rnhflihi ea ns hfda prnintnrclehia qun eas
 phsh. Nsthmh insplnrta
insplnrta hf shmnr qun paincas ihr `arch
`arch h fh rnh
rnhflihi
flihi y
krnhr cnjarns netareas phrh easatras clscas.
Ne rnhflihi paincas ghknr hfda hf  rnspnkta1
 rnspnkta1
Ffhch h nsta hfda kaca qulnrhs. Rrn`lnra ffhchrfa chdlh.
Khih pnrsaeh ne nsth tlnrrh ehkn kae ue uelvnrsa netnra in patneklhf ne
 

nffas. Fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs

p nrsaehs euekh kuftlvhe fhs snclffhs in nsn
 patneklhf, par fa qun fhs snclffhs
snclffhs vhe h inspnrilkla
inspnrilkla y fh dnetn
dnetn phsh par fh
vlih prnduetèeiasn quì shflû chf, a kufpèeiasn h sl cl clsca in sus
inklslaens ? sl gumlnrh gnkga a hqunffa1 A kufpheia hf cueia par taia
fa qun shflû chf. Fh chdlh rlndh nshs snclffhs phrh ghknr 
nsn patneklhf rnvunfvn, krnkn y `farnkn. Hknfnrh eunstrh nsplrltuhf y
cnethf inshrraffa
 prnilkga. Eunstrh ne
Eunstrh `archs qun
khphklihi euekh
in ihr pairãhcas
`arch eunstraghmnr
h eunstra
Rèdleh 8<
instlea y nf cueia qun eas rainh nsth usheia chdlh y nstè flclthia safa
 par eunstrh praplh
praplh krnneklhs,
inilkhklûe y krnhtlvlihi.

^eh vnz qun kaclnezhs h nxpnrlcnethr

nxpnrlcnethr ‖chdlh–, euekh vnrès fh
vlih lduhf y nf eunva khclea
.
Nstn flmra ea
cainreas. Eakumrlrè taihs fhs tìkelkhs kaeaklihs par fas chdas
^e safa flmra pairãh ghknr nsa. Ghy klnetas y klnetas in cìtaias in
chel`nstheia tus insnas kae chdlh, y nstn flmra ne phrtlkufhr ns cl
a`rneih phrh
hyuih h kacnezhr par nf khclea kae hfduehs prèktlkhs mèslkhs. Hfdueas
hpnfhrèe
 phrh tl, atras
atras ea fa ghrèe. [le ncmhrda,
ncmhrda, tn helca
helca h qun prunmns kh
khih
ih uea
in nffas par ue karta tlncpa.
tlncpa, phrh nekaetrhr fhs tìkelkhs qun cès rnsunehe kaetlda. \a
thcmlìe
hfnethrfaeledúe
 parqun h muskhr atras
chda hutarns,
a tnxta ns fhprèktlkhs,
cèxlch tìkelkhs
cèxlch y ne`aquns,
hutarlihi.
hutarlihi.
Nf amjntlva in nstn flmra ns mrleihrfn fh apartuelihi in nxpnrlcnethr 
fh chdlh qun rnslin inetra in tl, inetra in khih uea in easatras, sle
nxknpklûe. Nstas rltuhfns y prèktlkhs sae cnrhcnetn phuths, ue fudhr
 phrh kacnezhr.
^eh vnz qun kaclnekn h nxpnrlcnethr fh chdlh, euekh vnrè fh vlih in fh
clsch chenrh.
in eunva. Yn vafvnrès khih vnz cès kaesklnetn in fhs karrlnetns in
nenrdãh hktlvhs h tu hfrniniar.
ustni y fhs letnrhkklaens netrn fh nenrdãh y nf rnlea chtnrlhf.
chtnrlhf. \ tu
inskumrh qun, hf kaetrhrla in fa qunq un fn ghyhe ilkga, ea ghy fãcltns.
Rnra ea nstay hquã phrh
p hrh inklrtn quì krnnr, y ea nstay hquã phrh kaevnrtlr 
 

ehiln. Nsn ea ns cl trhmhja. Cl trhmhja (sl puilnrhs ffhchrfa hsã) ns

slcpfncnetn castrhr 
ustni fa qun gh `ueklaehia phrh cã ne fhs munehs y ne fhs chfhs, theta
gay kaca ue gacmrn flmrn
y iurhetn nsas høas qun phsì ne nf le`lnrea. In nsh chenrh, supaeda qun
sn pairãh inklr qun ns
Cl trhmhja
su vlih phrh hyuihr.
thf kaca \ nspnra
fh nekaetrì ne fh qun
cãh.nsths prèktlkhs fn rnsuftne útlfns ne
Rèdleh =2

F
=
X^N N[ FH CHDLH \ X^N EA N[ FH
CHDLH
Ncpnkncas kae nf tãtufa in nstn flmra. ±Rar quì fh chdlh sn infntrnh kae
ueh o  , , CHDLKO 
y qun tlnen in hfta 1
Ne nstn kaetnxta,
k aetnxta, fh chdlh sn infntrnh kae ueh o   phrh il`nrneklhrfh in ffas
as
trukas in shfûe.
n lfuslaens qun vns ne nf nsknehrla. Chdlh sle o sn rn`lnrn h Ihvli
Mfhlen,
Krlss
kaenjasHednf y Ihvli Kappnr`lnfi, hrtlsths ne nscaqule qun shkhe
in sacmrnras y kartn h fas hslstnetns kae pakh raph par fh clthi. Rnra
fh chdlh ns ue nsplrltuhf nspnkã`lka.
nspnkã`lka.
trhilklûe: ueh `uslûe in krlstlhelsca
krlstlhelsca deûstlka, juihãsca nsatìrlka,
thaãsth
 prèktlkhs nenrdìtlkhs
nenrdìtlkhs y, h cneuia,
cneuia, `archs in hilvlehklûe kaca nf Yhrat
a nf L Kgled.
 Fh chdlh sn rn`lnrn h ue khclea in trhes`archklûe y nvafuklûe kae su
 prapla kaejueta in
 prèktlkhs y ueh fhrdh y kacpfl
kacpflkhih
khih glstarlh.
\ nstn flmra trhth samrn fh hfth chdlh parqun ns samrn taia nsplrltuhf
 

krnklclneta, prèktlkhs nenrdìtlkhs, knrncaelhs, rltuhfns n

levakhklaens. Ns ue slcpfn
ilstleklûe phrh il`nrneklhrfa in mhjh chdlh, qun sn knetrh prleklphfcnetn
ne
insnas y enknslihins tnrrnehfns. Ne atras fudhrns, vnrès nstas ias tlpas
in chdlh.

fa hfta chdlh rltuhf  y chdlh ehturhf  (a mrujnrãh), rnspnktlvhcnetn. Ne

ffhchia
chdlh, nekaetrhrès cukgh vlsuhflzhklûe, trhmhja in rnsplrhklûe,
chelpufhklûe in nenrdãh y
 praeta. Mhjh chdlh,
chdlh, par nf kaetrhrla,
kaetrhrla, utlflzh
utlflzh fhs nenrdãhs
nenrdãhs ehturhfns
legnrnetns in phrtlkufhr 
amjntas (glnrmhs, plnirhs, krlsthfns, ntk.) phrh fadrhr klnrtas
rnsufthias. Nstas sae
kashs qun nstas amjntas ghkne safas sle eledueh hyuih in eunstrh phrtn.
Atrh `arch in khtndarlzhr fh chdlh ns ne tìrcleas in tnurdlh y
thuchturdlh . Fh tnurdlh ns nf praknsa in hflenhreas kae nf

`unetn
cès in krnhklûe
kaca Ilas Ns phrh snr cès
fh cnjar phrnklia.
`arch Ne atrhspnrsaehf,
in supnrhklûe phfhmrhs,y quì
vhrlhs trhilklaens sn rn`lnrne h kuheia ghmfhe in fadrhr 
lfuclehklûe, nxpnrlcnethr
nxpnrlcnethr nf elrvheh a netrhr h fhs punrths in
Rèdleh =8
Klnfa. Ynurdlh sldel`lkh rn`lehr tu nenrdãh ghsth taia fa qun
vlmrh h ueh `rnkuneklh "cès mhjh" sn insvhenkn drhiuhfcnetn ghsth qun
Punfvh h ledrnshr nf nsthia in su kaeilklûe arldlehf, nf nsthia ne nf qun
nxlstãh hetns in fh khãih cneklaehih ne fh glstarlh mãmflkh
mãmflkh inf Niìe.

Rar atra fhia, fh thuchturdlh sn rn`lnrn h fh chdlh prèktlkh, qun ns

samrn cnjarhr tu vlih ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
Hfduehs pnrsaehs "nsplrltuhfns" inshprunmhe fh thuchturdlh par snr 
chtnrlhflsth
chtnrlhfls th n lcpufshia par nf nda, fa qun slncprn cn gh phrnklia taeta.
Nf elvnf `ãslka in fh rnhflihi ea ns cneas shdrhia a sheta qun cès
elvnfns sutlfns in rnhflihi, y ns mhsthetn il`ãklf kaeknetrhrsn ne
kaevnrtlrsn
uea kae nf uelvnrsa kuheia tu nstûchda druøn a nstès
 prnakuphia par su sndurlihi `ãslkh.
`ãslkh. Ne cl aplelûe, ghy
hmsafuthcnetn ehih in chfa ne ghknr chdlh phrh cnjarhr tu vlih

Nf pfhea`ãslka
nf rnlea chtnrlhf.
kacaGhy theths
fa ghy infnkklaens qunhstrhf
fa knfnstlhf, hprneinr in
a ntìrlka
 

rnleas Nsthcas hquã phrh nxpnrlcnethr nf iaclela in khih hspnkta in

eunstra
nxlstneklh, ea phrh nvlthrfa a nskhphr in ìf. [nr pamrn, ne`nrca y
saflthrla.
ea eas ghkn cès shetas qun snr prûspnras, shfuihmfns y
rainhia in qulnens eas hche.
[le ncmhrda,
 prhktlkhr qulnra
fh chdlh
chdlh ns ne`htlzhr qun fh rhzûe
trhes`archklûe
trhes`archklûe prleklphf
rtlrsn nephrh
y kaevnrtlrsn
kaevn "cès qun
guchea ", phrh tachr prnsthih ueh `rhsn in fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh in fas
Iarhias inf Hchenknr.
Clnetrhs nsthcas ne nf tnch in fh khtndarlzhklûe, thcmlì
thcmlìee pairãhcas
ghmfhr samrn chdlh endrh y chdlh mfhekh ne nstn pueta. Yaias hchcas
fh iuhflihi (lekfulia ya clsca)? easatras
qunrnr qun hfduehs kashs nstìe mlne y qun atrhs nstìe chf. Huequn
eunstrhs vlihs
sae kacpflkhias y cuftlkafarns (a sacmrnhias kae vhrlhs drhihklaens
in drls),

Yaihvãh eas
supunsta, h`nrrhcas
sn pairãh inklr`lrcncnetn
`lrcnc
qun netn h fhs eaklaens in mfheka y endra. Rar 
hfdueas hktas in chdlh sae kacpfnthcnetn "mfhekas" (par njncpfa,
levakheia nf cès pura
`archs in ilvlelihi par fhs rhzaens cès nfnvhihs) y hfduehs sae
kfhrhcnetn "endrhs" (ildhcas,
khusheia ihøa leútlf h pnrsaehs leaknetns), pnra fh chyarãh in fas hktas
in chdlh sae ne hfdúe fudhr ne nf cnila inf nspnktra (par njncpfa,
rnuelneia su`lklnetn ilenra phrh phdhr nf hfqulfnr a `lehfcnetn
amtnenr ueh phrnjh racèetlkh, a ue cnjar trhmhja).

 Ea punins ghknr

ghknr chdlh phrh h`nkthr
h`nkthr h atrh pnrsa
pnrsaeh
eh sle khcmlhr 
ustni prlcnra.

Rèdleh ==

Hfduehs pnrsaehs ilrãhe qun fh chdlh endrh ns kuhfqulnr kash qun letnetn
le`fulr ne atrhs pnrsaehs, pnra nsh ns ueh ilstleklûe il`ãklf. ±[l hsã ns
kaca fa in`lelcas, netaekns taias sacas prhktlkhetns nxpnrtas in chdlh
 

endrh1: phirns qun letnethe amtnenr in sus gljas

g ljas h fh khch h
tlncpa? kûeyudns qun letnethe dhehr fh ilskuslûe? khih heuekla in fh
úftlch pnfãkufh, hutacûvlf a caih qun qunrncas tnenr.  Rnrsuhilr h
atras ns safa phrtn in fh vlih, pnra nsa ea eas ghkn chdas ne fhs hrtns
endrhs.

 Ea punins
clsca ghknrKaca
ghknr
prlcnra. chdlhvnrè
phrhcès
h`nkthr
h`nkthr h atrhne
hinfhetn pnrsaeh
pnrfhsaeh sle khcml
snkklûe khcmlhrtn
hrtn h tl
in prèktlkh,
kuheia levaqun ue pnethdrhch, quì ne rnhflihi fa qun nstès ghklneia ns
chdentlzhr tu prapla hurh phrh htrhnr fa qun snh qulnrns chel`nsthr Hsã
qun trhnr fh nenrdãh in Júpltnr phrh htrhnr fh praspnrlihi ns
ueh muneh linh, clnetrhs qun rnuelr nenrdãh in [hturea phrh fhstlchr h
hfdulne cès sldel`lkh qun nstès trhyneia nsn painr h tu prapla hurh, y ea
 punins nvlthr hmsarmnr
hmsarmnr klnrta
klnrta drhia in nffa. Ns kaca paenr
paenr vnenea ne fh
 makh phrh painr nskuplrfa
nskuplrfa hfdulne cès? ns cès qun pramhmfn
pramhmfn qun
tnrclens trhdèeiatn ue paka
ustni clsca.

Chdlh sldel`lkh tachr inklslaens letnfldnetns, y pakas pramfnchs

rnqulnrne rnkurrlr h fh chflklh. Rar njncpfa, pairãhs nevlhr nenrdãh
endhtlvh ghklh
hfdulne qun tn gh nsthia khfucelheia, a slcpfncnetn pairãhs ushr chdlh
 phrh pratndnr 
h tl clsca in sus cnetlrhs.
Ne vnrihi, fh chdlh ea ns el endrh el mfhekh.
m fhekh. Fh chdlh ns nenrdãh, hf
lduhf qun drhvnihi a nfnktrlklihi. Lekfusa sn pairãh inklr qun fh chdlh ns
ueh gnrrhclneth, kaca ue chrtlffa. Hgarh, pairãhs ushr ue chrtlffa phrh
hthkhr h hfdulne y dafpnhrfa
fh khmnzh, pnra thcmlìe punins ushrfh phrh kaestrulr ueh khsh y painr
ihrfn ueh `hclflh rn`udla cuy enknshrla Rnrsaehfcnetn, krna qun nstn
úftlca usa ns cès hinkuhia phrh nf
gnrrhclneth, pnra ne kuhfqulnr khsa ns fh pnrsaeh qun ncpuøh nf chrtlffa
qulne intnrcleh su
 prapûslta, y ns fa clsca kae
kae fh chdlh.
Fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs tlnene klnrths linhs samrn quì ns fh chdlh y
quì ea, sndúe
netnrhcnetn ne `unetns `lktlklhs. ^suhfcnetn hiqulnrne nsths linhs inf
garrar 
 pnfãkufhs, eavnfhs
eavnfhs in `lkklûe a pnrsaehs kae lin
linhs
hs snvnrhcnetn
rnstrledlihs samrn
Nf krlstlhelsca y in quì sn trhthmh Krlsta. Hsã qun phrtn in fa qun nspnra
ghknr ns
 

inscltl`lkhr fh chdlh ue paka phrh qun atras punihe nxpnrlcnethr fh

inscltl`lkhr
clsch hfndrãh y
kucpflclneta in qun fh chdlh cn gh trhãia h cã y h cukgas atras. Ne
vnrihi, ghy
ehih askura, htnrrhiar a hcnehzhetn samrn fh chdlh.
Kacnekì ueh khcphøh in kaeklneklh saklhf ffhchih Chdlko ]nvafutlae
kuheia
Cnetae Chttgnws, Ihvli [tauphols y ya rnhflzhcas ueh nxpaslklûe in
hrtn samrn fh mrujh in [hfnc
[ hfnc
 julklas, ne fas
fas qun pnrsaehs leaknetns
leaknetns `unrae tarturhihs
tarturhihs y njnkuthihs
njnkuthihs
inspuìs in snr hkushihs
in prhktlkhr chdlh. Ns ue tnch qun dafpnh knrkh in khsh par rhzaens
amvlhs.
Cl hcar par fh chdlh sn usû kaetrh cã in fh pnar chenrh paslmfn. fas
Rèdleh =;
nf `lskhf ne cl julkla ncpfnû fh fûdlkh lekrìiufh in qun kuhfqulnrh qun
 prhktlqun fh chdlh
chdlh inmn snr
snr,, ehturhfcnetn, ue shthelsth, y kkuhfqulnrh
uhfqulnrh qun
snh ue shthelsth
shthelsth tlnen plkhzûe par
par fh apartuelihi in kacntnr hsn
hsnslehtas
slehtas
garrneias. Nf jurhia sn fa kaclû. Cl julkla `un
slcpfncnetn ueh `archflihi qun sn letnrpaen netrn cã y fh snetneklh in
cunrtn.

Netaekns qun ns fh chdlh

Ns trhes`archklûe inf netarea kaestrukklûe in fh rnhflihi ns ue ns`unrza
kaetleua phrh khcmlhr fh `arch ne qun fhs pnrsaehs vne fh vlih.
^e `hcasa chda ueh vnz ffhcû h fh chdlh nf "yadh in
Akklinetn". Kuheia easatras
 pneshcas ne yadh, pneshcas prleklphfcnetn
prleklphfcnetn ne pnrsaehs
pnrsaehs ne nf sunfa in
`arch leusuhf y
 pasturhs `ãslkhs
`ãslkhs il`ãklfns, pnra
pnra nsa ns safa ueh pnqunøh phrtn in fa qun sn
trhth nf yadh.
In gnkga, nf amjntlva arldlehf in fhs pasturhs in yadh nrh prnphrhr h fas
 prhktlkhetns phrh
phrh cès
`archs hvhezhihs in trhmhja nenrdìtlka. [l tu kunrpa y tu cnetn nstèe
sheas, netaekns
vlvlr cès tlncpa, y sl vlvns cès, tlnens cès apartuelihins in phrtlklphr 
trhes`archklûe
trhes`archkl ûe nsplrltuhf Fa clsca pairãh inklrsn inf thaãsca. \ kaca
nf yadh,
Fh chdlh ns cès qun ue kaejueta in tnarãhs y kaeknptas hmstrhktas. Fh
chdlh lcpflkh ue
 

trhilklûe rnhf kae tìkelkhs qun tlnene fh letneklûe in khushr khcmlas

in`leltlvas.
Huequn taias rnhflzhe chdlh rndufhrcnetn sle slqulnrh shmnrfa,
Nf nsatnrlsca gnrcìtlka (ueh `arch nfndhetn in ghmfhr samrn fh chdlh)
ns ueh trhilklûe akklinethf
nsa euekh gh dhehia fh hknpthklûe qun tlnen nf yadh.

Fh chdlh(o) ea sn phrnkn ne ehih h fa qun pneshmhs.

Fh `hfth in hpramhklûe dnenrhflzhih in Chdlko sn inmn, ne phrtn, hf
gnkga in qun
Fas prhktlkhetns in chdlh ne sus ilvnrshs `archs `unrae vlstas kaca ueh
hcnehzh phrh fas prlcnras
Ldfnslh krlstlheh, y nsh hcnehzh pnrklmlih kaetleúh ghsth eunstras
iãhs. Fh chdlh ea ns ue
khclea phrh snduliarns? Ns ue khclea phrh fas letnrradhiarns, fas
 muskhiarns y kuhfqulnr
kuhfqulnr pnrsaeh qun tnedh
 pramfnchs phrhhqunffas
chdlh ns phrh rnsafvnrqun
nf iadch
iadch y fhs rnspunsths
rnspunsths prn`arcufhihs.
prn`arcufhihs. Fh
slnetn nf insna in inspndhr fh supnr`lkln in fh rnhflihi y vnr fa qun ghy
inmhja. Cn dusth
vhrlhs `archs pnrsndulihs in clstlklsca, fh chdlh pracunvn nf kaethkta
ilrnkta kae nf
`unetn in krnhklûe. H fhs lestltuklaens qun levlnrtne ne kaetraf saklhf ea
fns dusth nsta,
 par supunsta, y ghknr fa qun punihe
punihe phrh insghknrsn
insghknrsn in kuhfqulnrh y
kuhfqulnr kash qun punih
insh`lhrfas. Fh chdlh ea sn mhsh ne hcnehzhs iadcètlkhs y pra`nkãhs
iuiashs.
[l ueh tìkelkh `ueklaeh, netaekns ns útlf y vnrihinrh. [l ea `ueklaeh,
insnkgh nf
tìkelkh n letnetn atrh kash. In nsth chenrh, fh chdlh ns cès kaca
arlnethf
trhilklaens Rar njncpfa, ne nf Ohfhch [utth, nf Muih ilkn: "Rrunmh
nstn khclea y vnr sl `ueklaeh. Nsh ns fh úelkh `arch in shmnr sl hfda
vhfn fh pneh ".
Ne ueh ilskuslûe samrn fh chdlh, ue hclda cãa ilja ueh vnz: "Xulnra
krnnr,
Rèdleh =9
 pnra ea punia ihr nf shfta phrh krnnr rnhfcnetn
rnhfcnetn ". Rnesì qun nrh ue
 pra`ueia
 

Ghy qun inklr qun cukghs pnrsaehs plneshe in nsh chenrh pnra ea
 punine hrtlkufhrfa.
hrtlkufhrfa. ya
rnspaeiã kaca h cneuia fa ghda kuheia surdn nstn tnch: fh chdlh ea
ns ueh nspnkln in slstnch in krnneklhs hf qun tlnens qun
suskrlmlrtn. Ns ueh snrln in tìkelkhs, y nsths `ueklaehe
leinpneilnetncnetn in tu krnneklh ne nffhs . Hsã qun tn helca h qun
 prhktlkhs ne Rhrtn LL in
 prunmns prhktlkhs LL in nstn flmra y kacpruìmhfa par tl clsca.
Hetns in kaetleuhr, qulnra ihr fh vunfth y hkfhrhr quì ns fh chdlh, hsã qun
Hquã ghy ue insdfasn slcpfn phrh ustni. Fh chdlh ns ueh `arch in snr y
vnr nsa lcpflkh tìkelkhs phrtlkufhrns qun rnhflzhe vhrlhs `ueklaens:

• chel`nsthr eunstras insnas

• phrh pratndnreas in `unetns nxtnrehs in nenrdãh endhtlvhs.
• phrh hktlvhr eunstras
eunstras knetras in nenrdãh letn
letnreas
reas
• sletaelzhreas kae fhs karrlnetns in nenrdãh hktlvhs ne eunstrhs vlihs, nf
cueia,  y nf uelvnrsa cès drhein
cueia,
Fh chdlh ns
kaeaklihs partheta ue hrtn kaca ueh klneklh. Hfduehs tìkelkhs sae
praparklaehr 
n`nktas nspnkã`lkas, pnra fas rnsufthias vhrãhe, kaca ilkne. Rarqun khih
 pnrsaeh ns úelkh y
su rnfhklûe kae fh nenrdãh ns il`nrnetn, ns nsneklhf pramhr fhs prèktlkhs,
rnhfcnetn
 pra`ueilzhr ne nffas, prnsthr
prnsthr htneklûe h fa qun suknin, nxpnrlcnethr
nxpnrlcnethr y
hjusthr nf
 prhktlkh ne kaesnkuneklh.
kaesnkuneklh. Hf prleklpla,
prleklpla, pramhmfncnet
pramhmfncnetnn nekaetrhrès qun fh
chdlh ns
ehih kaca pneshmhs qun lmh h snr. [afa trhth in pnrchenknr hmlnrta hf
 praknshr y hvhezhr
hvhezhr kae nf karhzûe
karhzûe hmlnrta. ^eh in fhs kashs
sarprneinetns
inskumrlrès qun fh chdlh ns sneslmfn. Runin ihrsn h kaeaknr, pnra
safa sl prhktlkhs nf tlncpa su`lklnetn phrh rn`lehr tus snetlias ghsth nf
 pueta qun punihs
ne rnhflihi rnklmn fas cneshjns qun letneth nevlhr.
]nklnetncnetn,
]nklnetncnet n, hfdulne cn prnduetû quì phpnf jundh nf hcar ne fh
chdlh. Rhrh cl, Fh chdlh ns hcar. Khih vnz qun trhns fuz ilvleh phrh
chel`nsthr uea
ueh kash u atrh ne nf cueia, fa qun rnhfcnetn nstès ghklneia ns tlrhr 
nehcarhia. Ns par nsa qun fh vnrihinrh chdlh euekh ns hfda askura a
htnrrhiar,
 parqun nf hkta
hkta clsca in prhktlkhr
prhktlkhr chdlh tn ffnvh h fh hrcaeãh
hrcaeãh
kae fa Ilvlea, ea lcparth kûca fa ffhcns. Kuheia prhktlkhs
 

Rèdleh =>
in nsth chenrh, tn kaevlnrtns ne ueh cnjar pnrsaeh, y nsa ghkn qun
cueia ue fudhr cnjar Hyuihr h atras snrns ns kaca sn vn nf hcar ne
hkklûe. \ prhktlkhr chdlh in ueh chenrh qun trhn cès ilvlelihi
nenrdãh ne tu vlih sldel`lkh qun hyuihs h taias fas qun takhs. Kuheia
nevãh ueh `arch in pneshclneta h hfdulne, par njncpfa, hfdulne knrkhea
h ustni
qulne enknslth kurhklûe in hfdúe tlpa, fa qun rnhfcnetn nstè nevlheia
nffas ns hcar ne `arch in fuz ilvleh. \ fh rhzûe par fh qun fa ghkns ns
 phrh ghknrfas kacpfntas,
kacpfntas, phrh ghknrfas `nflkns.
`nflkns.
Fa qun earchfcnetn pneshcas kaca hcar ne rnhflihi ea ns cès qun
hijueta hrkglva. Ne nf knetra in eunstra snr, shmncas qun nf vnrihinra
hcar ns
lekaeilklaehf. Nf vnrihinra hcar ea `fhqunh el inshphrnkn
i nshphrnkn sl eunstra
hchia
uea sn hrruleh a sn shfn in fas rlnfns. Ne hinfhetn, ns lcparthetn
qun ilstleduns nf hpnda inf hcar. Nf `ueihcneta in fh chdlh.
sn trhth in vlvlr ne hrcaeãh kae nf hcar, chel`nsthr hcar y
hpflkheia nsn hcar ne nf cueia. In nsth chenrh, eas kaevnrtlcas ne
saklas
kae chdlh ne nf hkta kaetleua in krnhklûe.
@lehfcnetn, fh chdlh ns ue vlhjn. Ns ue khclea in inshrraffa kaetleua
qun ea tlnen `le.
Runins nstuilhr y prhktlkhr chdlh par nf rnsta in tu vlih y sndulrès
euekh hprneihs taia fa qun tlnen qun nesnøhrtn. [l tn inilkhs, punins
kaetleún krnklneia cès shmla y `unrtn ghsth nf iãh ne qun `lehfcnetn injn
su
`arch tnrrnehf y drhiúnsn h ue rnlea in nxlstneklh cès rn`lehia.
Fh pnrsaeh pracnila ns hrrhstrhih in ue fhia h atra iurhetn taih su vlih
 par fh nenrdãh
karrlnetns qun el slqulnrh punine pnrklmlr, cukga cneas njnrknr kaetraf
samrn nffhs. Nsta kaetleuh
lekfusa inspuìs in fh cunrtn, y ne nf praknsa in rnehklclneta. Eas
sacntncas h nstn praknsa iurhetn
y cès ne ue letneta in nqulflmrhr y nqulflmrhr eunstrh nenrdãh. [l eunstrh
vlih
fhs nxpnrlneklhs eas ffnvhe h lekflehreas inchslhia ne ue snetlia, funda,
ne eunstra prûxlca klkfa in rnehklclneta,
letnethrè kacpneshr nf insnqulflmrla tlrheia ghklh nf nxtrnca apunsta in
nf nspnktra.
ndaãsth ne Rar njncpfa, ueh pnrsaeh qun fukgh par snr inchslhia
 

ueh vlih punin letnethr rnkupnrhr nf nqulflmrla nenrdìtlka vafvlìeiasn

inchslhia dnenrasa ne
su vlih pastnrlar 
Fh chdlh ns ueh `arch in fadrhr nsn nqulflmrla ne fh vlih, phrh qun nf
 praknsa in rnehklclneta
rnehklclneta nstn mhja
mhja eunstra kaetraf.
kaetraf. Fas chdas cès
 painrasas sn kaevlnrtne
kaevlnrtne
kaca
ohrch,fas maiglshttvhs
slea muilsths:
snr khphz in yh ea nstèe
nfndlr kuèeia nskfhvlzhias
y iûein ehknr phrhpar fh runih
kulihr h inf
qulnens hchcas ne fh vlih y ghknrfn nf mlne. Yaias eunstras
fas rnkunrias y fhs nxpnrlneklhs pnrchenkne lethktas phrh qun paihcas
hpflkhrfas
ghklh hinfhetn, ne fudhr in afvlihr taia y kacnezhr in knra kae
Rhdn =0
khih raeih in rnehklclneta. Ne chdlh, nsta sn ffhch fh Drhe Amrh, y ns
khih
Nf trhmhja inf chda phrh kacpfnthrfa. [nr
[ nr khphz in chel`nsthr eunstras
insnas y ihr `arch h
Nf cueia qun eas rainh ne nsth vlih sn vn kaca ueh vnethjh hilklaehf
inf praknsa, ea
Nf amjntlva `lehf.
Linhfcnetn, hgarh tlnens ueh cnjar kacprneslûe in quì ns fh chdlh y
quì
fh chdlh ea fa ns. Nspnra qun hfda hquã ghyh inspnrthia klnrth kurlaslihi
a lekfusa
 phslûe ne tl y qun nstès flsta
flsta phrh kacnezhr.
Rèdleh =4
 

Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf Ghelnf

Rèdleh =7

RH]YN LL
R]NFLCLEH]N[
Rèdleh =<
 

[
;
RA] X^Ì FA[ FLM]A[ IN GNKGLZA[ EA
@^EKLAEHE
Insin qun nrh eløa, fhs flmrnrãhs y fhs mlmflatnkhs slncprn ghe slia
nspnklhfns
h cl. [n slnetne kaca inpûsltas in shmliurãh, y cn sarprnein qun par
ueh pnqunøh thrl`h
Runia kacprhr ueh vnrslûe kaeineshih in fhs nxpnrlneklhs in vlih in
atrh pnrsaeh y
dheû fnkklaens Netrn atrhs kashs, h trhvìs in fas flmras in aatrhs
trhs pnrsaehs
 punia hprneinr h
nvlthr fas nrrarns qun kacntlnrae y punine kacphrtlr sus vlktarlhs
ncufheia
khcleas qun tachrae ghklh nf ìxlta.
Kuheia nstay ne ueh flmrnrãh a mlmflatnkh, vay ilrnkthcnetn h fh snkklûe
nsatìrlkh. Kaca
 punins hilvlehr, nstay muskheia eunvas
eunvas flmras samrn chdlh.
chdlh. Xulnra vnr
qun atra
fh dnetn nstè ghklneia, thf vnz inskumrlnrae hfda eunva, a thf vnz
ghe inshrraffhia hfdueh eunvh vhrlhklûe ne ue cìtaia kae nf qun nstay
`hclflhrlzhia.
`hclflhrlz hia. Xuì say
]nhfcnetn nspnra nekaetrhr h hfdulne qun ghyh pra`ueilzhia ne ue
eunva rnlea, a hf cneas uea
Nsa ns eunva phrh cã. Rnra nsn tlpa in flmras sae pakas y ilsthetns netrn
sã.
Rrleklphfcnetnn fa qun nekunetra sae flmras in gnkglzas kae tãtufas
Rrleklphfcnet
kaca Favn [pnffs a
 Gnkglzas in praspnrlihi  a a hfda slclfhr qun a`rnkne fh pracnsh in
amtnenr 
hfda h trhvìs in fh chdlh. [ae nsneklhfcnetn flmras in rnknths qun tn
ilkne qun
rnkaplfn ueh klnrth flsth in hrtãkufas, sldh fas phsas ne ue arine phrtlkufhr 
y nsthrè mlne.
 

Munea, kuheia fh dnetn sn ffnvh nstas flmras h khsh y fas prunmh y ea phsh
ehih,
 plneshe qun fh chdlh ea `ueklaeh. [ldulnrae
[ldulnrae fhs lestrukklaens
lestrukklaens pnra
ea amtuvlnrae fa qun nspnrhmhe, par fa qun kaekfuynrae qun fh chdlh ns
safa
supnrstlklûe a slcpfncnetn ueh `arch cès in krnneklh klndh.
Rramhmfncnetn ea inmnrãh
`ueklaehe. Ns cès inklr qun fas flmras in gnkglzas ea
nf khsa qun
fas flmras in gnkglzas ea `ueklaehe sl ea netlneins kûca `ueklaeh fh
chdlho a cnjar ilkga sl tn parpninhs tu clsca (parqun ilkns nsta ea vvhh
h `ueklaehr) pnra `ueklaeh pnra ea tn ghs kacpracntlia kae hfdúe
`ueihcneta kruklhf in fhs prèktlkhs H cneas qun punihs ilrldlr nf painr
ne gnkglzas, nsas flmras sae sle vhfar. Ylnens qun snr khphz in paenr
nenrdãh n letneklûe y kaeknetrhrtn ne tu Chdlh In fa kaetrhrla, fas
gnkglzas y rltuhfns sae cnrhs phfhmrhs.
Rèdleh ;2
Nsth phrtn inf flmra trhth in hkfhrhr kuèfns sae fas prnflclehrns.
Nsths ea sae kashs qun ghkns ue phr in vnkns y fa ffhchs munea, sae
nsneklhfns
khih vnz qun prhktlkhs chdlh. [ae fa qun ghkn qun tu chdlh `ueklaen.
Kuheia cn tacì ne snrla nf nstuila in fh chdlh, cn nekaetrì kae
nfncnetas qun cn phrnklnrae kacpfnthcnetn nxtrhøas h cl vlih:
nenrdãhs pfhenthrlhs,
pfhenthrlhs,
èednfns, ilasns, `archs in pneshclneta a ilcneslaens in fh rnhflihi. Ne
cl khclea
guma cukgh cncarlzhklûe levafukrhih, y fas rltuhfns sn sletlnrae the
Nxtrhøa y kacpflkhia. @un hmruchiar y kae`usa, inklr 
Nf cneas. ±Kûca sn supaeãh qun inmãh hpflkhr kuhfqulnrh in nsths kashs
h cl
nxpnrlneklh in fh vlih ilhrlh1 Lekfusa kuheia nekaetrì fa `ueihcnethf
 prèktlkhs in cnilthklûe,
cnilthklûe, vlsuhflzhklûe
vlsuhflzhklûe y trhmhja
trhmhja in rnsplrhkl
rnsplrhklûe,
ûe, ea tneãh
linh
Xuì ghknr kae nffas.
Hf prleklpla, punin snr `rustrhetn inskumrlr kûca taias
Nsta sn hpflkh h sltuhklaens inf cueia rnhf. [l nsa tn suknin, safa
rnkunrih qun fh hfth chdlh tlnen qun vnr `ueihcnethfcnetn kae fh
nenrdãh.
Yaia nstè gnkga in nenrdãh, y paincas ihr `arch y ushr nenrdãh phrh
eunstra mnen`lkla ]nkunrih: yh nstès ghklneia chdlh taia nf tlncpa.
[afa
lelklhrnstay prnsnetheia hfduehs `archs in hyuihrfa h cnjarhr y shfthr-
nf praknsa
 

Rhdn ;8

^EH
99
YHEYA H]]LMH KACA HMHJA
Nf painr in fh htneklûe
h`unrh.
Kaca ns hrrlmh, ns hmhja? kaca ns hinetra, hsã ns h`unrh
in chdlh.
Rrhktlkhetns

Gn nsthia rnpltlneia nstn hxlach iurhetn klnetas (y thf vnz clfns) in

høas.
±Rnra quì sldel`lkh rnhfcnetn1 Mèslkhcnetn, ilkn qun taia fa qun
ghkncas ne uea
Nf pfhea in fh rnhflihi tlnen ue n`nkta ne atras pfheas. Ns ue ilkga
 pra`ueia qun
inskrlmn kûca `ueklaeh fh chdlh. Rar njncpfa, kuheia hprneincas h
khcmlhr y ilrldlr 
eunstrh nenrdãh, paincas hftnrhr eunstrh rnfhklûe kae nf cueia `ãslka
hincès in kûca
hphrnkn y rnhkklaeh h easatras.
Kaca ns hrrlmh, ns hmhja ea ns ueh nesnøhezh qun netneinrès in ueh
vnz. Rnra kaca tu
Kaetncpfh
cavnr nsth `rhsn
ueh snrln y prhktlkh
in npl`heãhs fas rltuhfns mèslkas
y rnhflzhklaens in fh chdlh.
qun pra`ueilzhrèe
pra`ueilzhrè e su
kacprneslûe in fh chdlh y fh rnhflihi clsch.

Fas pneshclnetas y fhs ncaklaens hftnrhe eunstras kunrpas

`ãslkas y KAE[Y]^\NE A IN[Y]^\NE eunstra netarea. netarea.
Fh chyarãh in fh dnetn plnesh qun fh rnhflihi ns slcpfncnetn fa qun
 punine vnr y takhr
takhr hf `rnetn in nffas: sus kunrpas,
kunrpas, raph, hutas,
hutas, tnfnvlsarns
y atrhs pasnslaens.

Rnra prhktlkhr chdlh rnqulnrn kacprneinr qun taihs nsths kashs `ãslkhs
sae safa ueh hstlffh ne nf nspnktra in fh rnhflihi. Nstèe suknilneia
 

cukghs cès kashs in fhs qun kucpfn nf aja. Rlnesh, par njncpfa. Ea
 punins vnrfas, cuìstrhfas h tus
tus hcldas,
 pnshrfas ne ueh mhfhezh a cnilrfas
cnilrfas kae ueh rndfh,
rndfh, pnra taias shmncas
shmncas
qun nxlstne.
[l hfdulne tn iljnrh qun ea tlnens pneshclnetas, ilrãhs qun nstèe fakas.
Fas pneshclnetas ea sae thedlmfns kaca fa sae fhs kashs ne nf pfhea
chtnrlhf, pnra
- huequn ne uehúe
elvnfnxlstne
in rnhflihi cès sutlf y ntìrna.
Rnra fas pneshclnetas tlnene ue pra`ueia n`nkta ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
chtnrlhf. ne
ue
Rèdleh ;=
In chenrh cnilmfn, fas pneshclnetas y fhs ncaklaens hftnrhe eunstras
kunrpas `ãslkas y
hfrniniarns. [n ghe rnhflzhia leeucnrhmfns nstuilas phrh cnilr kûca nf
nstrìs (a, cès
Ns lcparthetn insthkhr kûca fh dnetn plnesh hknrkh in su nstrìs) sn
rnfhklaeh kae fh shfui `ãslkh. Nsth
Ns safa ue njncpfa in kûca ueh khph in rnhflihi h`nkth h fhs atrhs. Ne
nsta njncpfa phrtlkufhr, fh rnfhklûe le`fuynetn thcmlìe punin cavnrsn ne
snetlia kaetrhrla
ilrnkklûe: nf njnrklkla `ãslka khcmlh su nsthia in èelca y tlnen ue
lcphkta ilrnkta ne su pnrknpklaens y pneshclnetas.

Fh sncheh qun shfã inf karrniar in fh cunrtn `un fh cès nstrnshetn

in cl vlih. Plvãh kae ue clnia kaesthetn pnra kae`lhmh in qun ea
lmh h sukninr.

Fas in fh a`lkleh inf `lskhf y cls hmadhias nsthmhe ne hkhfarhihs

kaevnrshklaens samrn cl
hkunria. Nf `lskhf nsthmh ghklneia taia fa paslmfn phrh nvlthr snr 
incheihia par nevlhr h ue gacmrn leaknetn hf karrniar in fh cunrtn, y
cls hmadhias
nsthmhe ghklneia taia fa paslmfn phrh hyuihrcn h samrnvlvlr h fh pafãtlkh
chelamrhs inf nsthia. [l nf trhta ffndhmh h ue amstèkufa in kuhfqulnr tlpa,
shmãh qun lmh h carlr ne cl knfih.
Iurhetn vhrlas iãhs, nf nstrìs `un the hpfhsthetn qun inshrraffì drlpn.
kaca sãetachs y nsthffû ne ffhdhs iafarashs ne nf letnrlar in cl
 makh. Fh klneklh
klneklh cìilkh gh phrtlklphia
phrtlklphia ne cukghs levnstldhklaens
vlekufhihs hf nstrìs y sus n`nktas
n`nktas samrn nf slstnch lecuen.
lecuen. Atrh `arch
in vnr nstn `neûcnea ns netneinr qun eunstra pneshclneta khcmlh
 

eunstra khcpa in nenrdãh, y eunstra khcpa in nenrdãh ih `arch h

eunstrh nxpnrlneklh in eunstra
kunrpa `ãslka.
^eh drhe khetlihi in tìkelkhs prhktlkhihs ne chdlh
nsthcas inilkhias h `arthfnknr eunstra khcpa in nenrdãh y netneinr
eunstra
hehtacãh
hurh, cès nenrdìtlkh Netrn atrhs kashs, kuheta cès `unrtn snh eunstra
Cès painrash eunstrh chdlh.
Ne chdlh, ghy ue elvnf in rnhflihi hf qun prnsthcas nspnklhf htneklûe, y
ns
 phsh par cukgas eacmrns ne taia nf nf cueia. Fas kgleas fa
ffhche kgl a ql , nf Fas jhpaensns ilkne ol . Ne fh hetlduh Khmhfè juiãh,
sn ffhch ruhkg , y nf
Fas gleiúns fa ffhche prheh . Ne nf uelvnrsa
ue lvnrsa `lktlkla in [thr Thrs , fa
kaeakncas kaca
Fh `unrzh. [lcpfncnetn fa ffhca nenrdãh , parqun fh phfhmrh vlnen kae
cneas nqulphjn
rnfldlasa y chtlz
phrtlkufhr phrh kufturhf
nf phrh cã. Hincès, ea ghy ue sldel`lkhia
 phfhmrh. Lekfusa fas klnetã`lkas
klnetã`lkas (nspnklhfcnetn
(nspnklhfcnetn fas `ãslkas) ghmfhe
in nenrdãh .
Nsthcas kaesthetncnetn letnrhktuheia kae atrhs `archs in nenrdãh: fh
nenrdãh in
atrhs pnrsaehs, fudhrns y kashs. Hmsarmncas fh nenrdãh qun qunih
inspuìs
klnrtas nvnetas ghe akurrlia. [lncprn nsthcas macmhrinhias par fh
nenrdãh, lekfusa sl
Rhdn ;;
ea eas ihcas kuneth, y tlnen n`nktas in`lelias ne easatras. Ne hfdueas
khsas, punin kaethclehr eunstra
khcpa nenrdìtlka y fa hmhrrathe in nskacmras ihøleas qun
nvnetuhfcnetn sn kaevlnrtne ne
 mfaqunas Yachcas nenrdãh
nenrdãh h trhvìs in
in taia tlpa in cìtaias
cìtaias il`nrnetns,
il`nrnetns,
insin
kaclih qun kacncas, nf hduh qun mnmncas y fhs pnrsaehs kae fhs qun
 phshcas tlncpa.
tlncpa. Hfdulne
^eh vnz ilkga qun eas kaevnrtlcas ne ueh kacmlehklûe in fhs nenrdãhs
in fhs kuhtra pnrsaehs qun
 phshr fh chyar
chyar phrtn inf tlncpa
tlncpa kae Rar nsa ns lcparthetn
lcparthetn rainhrsn
rainhrsn in
 pnrsaehs qun tn nesnøhe y cnjarhe
cnjarhe tu vlih. Yhcmlìe tnedh nnee kuneth qun
nf ìxlta
 

y nf `rhkhsa sae hcmhs nenrdãhs. [l tn rainhs in pnrsaehs qun sae

`nflz y nxltasa, punin hmsarmnr y mnen`lklhrsn in su nenrdãh pasltlvh.
Kaca cneklaeì hetnrlarcnetn,
hetnrlarcnetn, khih elvnf in rnhflihi h`nkth h fas
incès. Fas pneshclnetas sn hdlthe
ghsth fhs ncaklaens, y fhs ncaklaens intnrclehe kuèeth nenrdãh ilrldns
ghklh
fa
Fhqun snh qun nstìs
kufclehklûe pnesheia.
inf praknsa \ nfnenrdãh
kaca pfhea `ãslka ns iaeininpaincas
sn chel`lnsth vhrlhs vnr 
chenrhs. Nsta ns
iaein netrh nf painr in fh htneklûe.
±Hfdueh vnz ghs kaeaklia h hfdulne qun sn rnvunfkh ne pneshclnetas
endhtlvas phrh vlvlr ue
±Plih pasltlvh1 Eunstrhs vlihs nstèe ne drhe cnilih intnrclehihs par
iûein paencas eunstrh htneklûe.
Ne atrhs phfhmrhs, eunstrhs vlihs inpneine in kûca ilrldlcas eunstras
 pneshclnetas y
nenrdãh levnrtlcas ne nsas pneshclnetas. [l phshs tu tlncpa ne`akèeiatn
ne fa endhtlva
rnsufthias, su vlih pramhmfncnetn ea snrè cuy `nflz. \ sl ilrldns tu
nenrdãh ne ns`unrzas pasltlvas, fa cès pramhmfn ns qun tu vlih snh cès
 pasltlvh qun ea.

Rar supunsta, fh chdlh lcpflkh cukga cès qun Nf painr inf

 pneshclneta
 pneshclnet a pasltlva , pnra ns lcparthetn netneinr kuèe painrasas sae
eunstras pneshclnetas. (nf pneshclneta pasltlva vnrihinra ns in
karhzûe y ns nf prlcnr phsa hetns in fh chdlh)

[l eas prnakuphcas
inchslhia hknrkh in kaetrhnr fh drlpn, vlsuhflzhr kuèe clsnrhmfns
nsthrãhcas ne khch, iafar, `lnmrn y slcpfncnetn snetlrsn garrlmfn:
nsthcas paelneia cukgh nenrdãh ne
ueh ilrnkklûe
ilrnkklûe ne phrtlkufhr, y pramhmfncnetn
pramhmfncnetn ea inmnrãh
inmnrãhcas
cas
sarprneinreas sl tnrclehcas
ne`nrchrsn. Kaca ilkn Mam Rraktar, ue nxpnrta ne fh fny in fh htrhkklûe,
"Rneshclnetas sn kaevlnrtne
kaevlnrtne ne kashs. [l fa vn ne su cnetn, fa tneirè ne
fh chea–
[l tu qulnrns ueh chenrh slcpfn in kacnezhr h ghknr chdlh, safa
khcmlh nf ne`aqun in tus pneshclnetas y clrh fa qun phsh.

Ne hfdúe cacneta, cl nspash y ya kacnezhcas ueh prèktlkh phrtlkufhr

 phrh kaesndulrcn
 

`unrh inf karrniar in fh cunrtn. Khih uea in easatras rnpntlcas ueh

vnrslûe in fa sldulnetn h`lrchklûe hf cneas ueh vnz hf iãh. Hquã nstè nf
cãa: (nf painr in fhs h`lrchklaens)
Xun punih nsthr ne khsh, flmrn in fh prlslûe, vlvlneia `nflzcnetn kae cl
hchih Farrl.
Xun akurrh in ueh chenrh qun ea khusn ihøa h ehiln y snh phrh nf 
mlne in taias.
;9
 y in eledueh chenrh injn qun nsta rnvlnrth a trhldh samrn cã a cls snrns
qunrlias.

 Eas kaeknetrhcas
kaeknetrhcas ne nstn rnsuf
rnsufthia
thia taias fas iãhs,
iãhs, sle `hfth.
`hfth.
\ inetra in ue høa in kacnezhr nsth prèktlkh, shfã inf karrniar in fh
cunrtn

^eh kash qun hprneiã `un prnsthr cukgh htneklûe h fa qun pprndueths
rndueths
[nph nxhkthcnetn fa qun qulnrn y nxprnsn ne kaesnkuneklh, parqun
fh chyarãh in fhs vnkns fh chdlh tn ihrè nxhkthcnetn fa qun plins
 phrh. \ fa qun plins pairãh ea snr fa clsca qun
qun tú
tneãhs ne cnetn.
Inspuìs, Farrl y ya eas ilcas kuneth in qun ea iljlcas: "Iìjhcn snr 
nekaetrhia leaknetn "a" Xun Ihclne tnedh ue eunva julkla "a" Xun nf
fhs hutarlihins khpturhe h fh pnrsaeh qun rnhfcnetn kacntlû fas
hsnslehtas ".
Yaia fa qun iljlcas ns ueh vnrslûe in fa qun nskrlmã hrrlmh, y nsa ns
nxhkthcnetn fa qun phsû
Yhcmlìe ns lcparthetn snøhfhr hquã qun fhs phrtns cès pra`ueihs in
eunstrh pslqun ea
netneinr fhs phfhmrhs Hsã ea sn kacuelkhe. Mèslkhcnetn, nsas
hspnktas in eunstrh kaeklneklh ushe lcèdnens, y sl kaetleúhs rn`arzheia
ue phrtlkufhr 
lchdne - ildhcas, hkasthia ne`nrca
ne`nrca ne fh khch - nsa ns fa qun vn, ea fh
glstarlh intrès inf
lchdne. Nsh phrtn in tl ea ns the muneh phrh intnkthr prn`nrneklhs? safa
vn nf
lchdne. Ne ueh `arch in ghmfhr, kaclnezh h njnkuthr ue pradrhch
 mhshia ne fa cnethf
cnethf
lchdne, fa qun ghkn qun snh cès pramhmfn qun fh lchdne sn chel`lnstn
ne nf chtnrlhf
hvlûe. \ hetns in qun tn ins kuneth, nstès ne`nrca ne fh khch,
nxhkthcnetn kaca
 

 Ea qunrãh snrfa.

snrfa.
Yneda ueh amrh in hrtn samrn cl khch phrh rnkarihrcn kaesthetncnetn
kûca
htneklûe painrash ns. Ns ueh lcprnslûe in fh pleturh in Ihelnf ne fh
Duhrlih inf Fnûe , in
Fh glstarlh mãmflkh ne fh qun Ihelnf `un hrrajhia h ue khfhmaza ffnea in
fnaens. fassn phrhe h su hfrniniar, clrèeiafa kae hvlinz, pnra Ihelnf el
fas fnaens
slqulnrh clrh
nffas. Ne khcmla, clrh ghklh ue rhya in fuz qun mhjh in hfdúe fhia
hrrlmh kae ueh nxprnslûe in pra`ueih phz? ns kaca sl ìf el slqulnrh fa
suplnrh
Nstè rainhia in fnaens. Fh lchdne sldel`lkh cukga phrh cã. Cn
rnkunrih qun ea
 pnrcltlr qun klrkuestheklhs endhtlvhs
endhtlvhs cn inrrlmne
inrrlmne y euekh rnvaf
rnvafkhrsn
khrsn
insdrhklh, h pnshr in qun nf cueia pairãh inklr qun nstè mlne
ghknrfa. qulnra
ncufn h Ihelnf
sltuhklûe, y chetìedhsn ne`akhia ne fh fuz, sle lcparthr cl
lekfusa
kuheia nstay rainhia in fnaens Yaia fa qun lcparth ns nsh fuz, fh
clsch fuz qun easatras `archcas y ilrldlcas kuheia prhktlkhcas
chdlh
Rèdleh ;>
.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿
 

IL]LDL] [^ HYNEKLÛE
Nstn ns nf prlcnra in vhrlas njnrklklas ne nf flmra. Khih uea sn mhsh ne nf
njnrklklas hetnrlarns
hetnrlarns a qun prnphrhe nf tnrrnea phrh ue trhmhja cès
hvhezhia, hsã qun trhtn in inilkhr nf tlncpa hinkuhia h khih uea.

Nstn ns mhsthetn slcpfn. [n trhth in rnkaeaknr pneshclnetas

nechrkhias endhtlvhcnetn y rnvlshrfas in thf chenrh qun su
kaeklneklh sn hflenn pasltlvhcnetn, eunvhs vnrslaens nechrkhihs in
fas clscas pneshclnetas. Hquã ghy hfdueas njncpfas in fa qun qulnra
inklr:

PN][LÛE ENDHYLPH
PN][LÛE RA[LYLPH
]nhfcnetn nspnra ea ne`nrchrcn.
Cn hfndra in nsthr shfuihmfn.
Yneda qun shkhrcn in nstn hdujnra. ya
safa vn cès y cès htrès.
Rhrnkn qun ncpnarh khih vnz cès.
Gh slia il`ãklf, pnra fa fadrì
h trhvìs in cúftlpfns insh`ãas. punia
ne`rneth nstas amstèkufas y trlue`h, safa
kaca fa gn gnkga hetns
Ea qulnra cntnrcn ne atra
ilskuslûe samrn nstn tnch kae cl
kacphønra.
Runia ghmfhr samrn nsta in ueh chenrh qun
hyuih h fhs kashs ghklh ue cnjar
rnsafuklûe.
Ea punia
Rnrinr pnrinr
pnsa pnsa[l
ns il`ãklf. Nspaeda
cuy il`lklf.
cl
lcparth, punia hprneinr kûca ghknrfa
cnjar y `lehfcnetn ffndhr h
iaein qulnra nsthr.
Rhdn ;0
Ea say fa su`lklnetncnetn letnfldnetn. ya euekh
inskl`rhrfa.
Ghy hfda hquã qun ea say
kacprneslûe. Runia linetl`lkhr qun
ns inklr, inskumrlr fa qun `hfth ne cl
kaeaklclneta y hprneinr
hfda eunva a pnilrfn h hfdulne qun
hyúihcn h rnsafvnr nstn pramfnch.
 

Rneshr ea cn vhe h ffhchr. A ea cn vh

h nspnrhr, ns ueh `arch cuy instruktlvh
in nspnrhr vnr muneas rnsufthias. Fa
karrnkta ns sl cn ffhchrhe, y sl cn vhe
h nspnrhr.

Ns paslmfn qun hfdueas in nstas njncpfas ea sn hpflqune h ustni ne

hmsafuta, pnra thf vnz fn ine Ylnens ueh linh in fa qun nstay
ghmfheia. Nstn njnrklkla ne rnhflihi tlnen ias phrtns:

8. ]nnekuhirn Amsnrvn nf pneshclneta endhtlva y krnn ue dlra pasltlva.

samrn nf clsca tnch
=. Plsuhflzhklûe ^eh vnz qun sn tn akurrn ueh vnrslûe pasltlvh inf gnkga
clrh quì lcèdnens punins hdrndhr ne tu cnetn. Rar njncpfa, sl
tn ilkns h tl clsca: "Cn hfndra in nsthr shea", vlsuhfãzhtn saerlneia,
ffnea in shfui y snetlrsn mlne ne su kunrpa. \ sl ilkns
i lkns
hfda hsã kaca: "Runia ne`rnethr nstas amstèkufas y tnenr ìxlta, thf kaca
fa gn gnkga hetns ", rnkunrih ue phr in kashs qun ghs gnkga hetns in nsa
insh`lhetns qun nrhe. Cãrhtn h tl clsca cavlìeiatn
 mlne, h pnshr in fa insh`lhetns
h trhvìs inf pramfnch, rnkunrih kûca fa supnrhstn y amsnrvh
tú clsca saerlneia kuheia ffndhstn hf atra fhia inf insh`ãa.

(Nsa ea lcparth sl rnhfcnetn saernãstn kuheia suknilû, ns safa ue

chrkhiar vlsuhf phrh rnkarihr tu `unrzh n levnetlvh).

Rrunmn nstn rnpfhetnhclneta y vlsuhflzhklûe iurhetn ueh sncheh cès a

cnea
cn eas.
s. Ea tlne
tlnens
ns qun
qun ghkn
ghknrr cukga
ukga safa
safa nsku
nskuir
irlø
løhh kh
khih
ih pnqu
pnqunø
nøaa
 pneshclneta qun sn tn akurrh, y nstn njnrklkla ea ns samrn instnrrhr taia
tlpa in pneshclneta endhtlva, fa qun pramhmfncnetn ea snh pramhmfn
 phrh
vnknsfhhfchyarãh
iãh, safainamsnrvn
easatrasuefapneshclneta
ghkncas slncprn. Hquã endhtlvhcnetn
nechrkhia y hffè, ue phr in
y
 pneshr ne fa qun fh vnrslûe levnrtlih in nsa pairãh snr. Hdrndun hfduehs
lcèdnens cnethfns qun hkacphøne fh inkfhrhklûe y amsnrvn sl nstn
njnrklkla a nsth `arch in rnpradrhchr su cnetn phrh ne`akhrsn ne fadrhr 
rnsufthias pasltlvas Fas rnsufthias tlnene n`nktas eathmfns ne su vlih
ilhrlh.
Rhdn ;4
 

^EH
>>
NEY]NEHEIA Y^ CNEYN
Ghkn ue phr in høas nsthmh khcleheia par fh khffn ne Eunvh \aro 
Kluihi. Nsthmh ne uea in fas puetas cès mhjas in cl vlih, flilheia kae
cukga kae cl inprnslûe y nf trhuch trhuch inspuìs in shflr inf karrniar
karrniar in fh
cunrtn.
Rhsì ueh tlneih in mlklkfnths,
m lklkfnths, y sle pneshrfa hf rnspnkta netrì y kacnekì
h clrhr fhs mlklkfnths.
Kuheia nrh eløa, cn nekhethmh heihr ne mlklkfnth. Rnra kuheia shfã in
 prlslûe y
Cn cuiì h Eunvh \aro, nsthmh mhsthetn sndura in qun cls iãhs ne
 mlklkfnth ghmãhe
ghmãhe qunihia htrès
htrès..
±Yn lchdlehs heihr ne mlklkfnth par fhs khffns in fh kluihi in Eunvh
\aro1 [afa nf
fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs in eúkfna iura ghkne nsn tlpa in kashs:
nsqulvhr leeucnrhmfns hutacûvlfns, khclaens,
cataklkfnths,, thxls y pnhtaens. Kuheia vns h klkflsths netrntnj
cataklkfnths netrntnjlneia
lneia nsa
rãa in hktlvlihi khûtlkh, ns il`ãklf ea lchdlehr qun tlnene hfdúe tlpa in
insna in cunrtn.
In taias caias, netrì ne fh tlneih in mlklkfnths y clrì h taias nsas
clfhdras,
Gnrcashs cèqulehs. Ne nsn cacneta, nrhe cès qun caias in
trhespartn phrh cã, nrhe amrhs in hrtn. Fas chrhvlffasas kafarns, nf
dnacntrãh letrlekhih . . nrhe amjntas phrh hiclrhr y hprnklhr cès qun
kashs instlehihs h snr caethihs.
Netaekns kacprì uea. [le slqulnrh pneshrfa a kaeslinrhr fa inshfnethiar 
snrãh caethr ne nshs khffns, kacprì ueh mlklkfnth, fh shquì par fh punrth
 prleklphf, y sumã. Nsn prlcnr vlhjn
vlhjn `un hmsafuthcnetn
hmsafuthcnetn garrlmfn. Ea punia
punia
inskrlmlr kaca `un in nstrnshetn. Ne kunstlûe in cleutas, cl raph nsthmh
ncphphih in suiar, cl nf karhzûe fhtãh h ue rltca lekrnãmfn, y khsl cn
 phsa kae fh hirnehfleh
hirnehfleh Rnra nsn prlcnrprlcnr vlhjn thcmlìe
thcmlìe `un nstlcufhetn.
nstlcufhetn. Cn
snetã kaca sl nstuvlnrh ne ue
 

caethøh rush, pnra ueh qun rnhfcnetn pairãh le`fulr y kaetrafhr. Nstuva
 mlne
cnilkleh phrh cã ne nsn cacneta, n lecnilhthcnetn cn nedhekgì. Il
ue phsna khsl
taias fas iãhs, y cl kae`lhezh kacnezû h krnknr, jueta kae cl ghmlflihi
y instrnzh.
Nf amjntlva insnnsth
rèplihcnetn ila heìkiath
kuneth innsqun
ghmfhr
heihrinnecnilthklûe, parqun
mlklkfnth par fhs khffns in fh
kluihi in Eunvh \aro ns uehue h `arch phrtlkufhr in
;7
Cnilthklûe prèktlkh. Ne Akklinetn, tnencas fh linh in qun fh cnilthklûe
ns phslvh.
Yn slneths kae fhs plnrehs kruzhihs ne nf sunfa samrn ue kajãe khra y
slcpfncnetn tn rnfhjhs
 par ue cacneta. Fh dnetn pairãh ghknr
ghknr nstn tlpa in kashs, nspnklhfcnetn
nspnklhfcnetn
ne Hcìrlkh inf Eartn, pnra nsn ns safa ue tlpa in cnilthklûe netrn fas
klnetas a clfns in pnrsaehs qun ghe prhktlkhia par clfnelas.

Fh cnilthklûe tn pnrcltn eathr h iûein vh tu htneklûe y

 phrh rnilrldlrfh
rnilrldlrfh ghklh hfd
hfdaa pasltlva y shflr iinf
nf mukfn.
Fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs ea sae kaesklnetns in sus pneshclnetas
ilhrlas ne fh vlih.
Nstèe ilstrhãias par theth nstlcufhklûe, htrhphias ne mukfns in ilèfada
letnrea, ffneas in endhtlvlihi.
]nvlvlneia nvnetas phshias y snetlrsn heslasa par fa qun vh h sukninr 
chøheh a ea vh sukninr. \ ns the `èklf kaetleuhr hsã ghsth fh tucmh,
euekh ne rnhflihi
 prnsnetn. (nf painrnxpnrlcnetheia fh rlqunzh khcmlh
inf hgarh) Fh cnilthklûe incmlh
kh fh vlih,
taiainf cacneta
nsta. Fn pnrcltn prnsthr htneklûe hf cacneta prnsnetn y netrnehr su
cnetn.
 phrh ghknr fa qun qulnrns qun ghdh.
ghdh. Fh cnilthklûe cnjarh
cnjarh tu ghmlflihi
ghmlflihi
ehturhf phrh nsthr hfnrth y kaesklnetn Letneth heihr ne mlklkfnth par fh
Xuleth Hvnelih ilstrhãihcnetn. Ea punins ghknrfa
(munea, ea par cukga tlncpa). Heihr ne mlklkfnth ne nsh sltuhklûe
rnqulnrn lekrnãmfn kaeklneklh,
kaeklneklh, y sl ea nstès prnsnetn par khih sndueia in
nsn vlhjn, pairès tnrclehr inmhja in ue hutamús urmhea hetns in qun tn
ins kuneth.
Hincès, ueh mlklkfnth ne rnhflihi inrlvh ne kuhfqulnr ilrnkklûe ne fh qun
sn knetrn su htneklûe (rnkunrin khpãtufa samrn nf painr in fh htneklûe). \
 

sl hfdueh vnz ghs hprneilia h kaeiuklr ue cataklkfnth, shmns fa

lcparthetn qun ns nstn prleklpla. [l clrhs nf èrmaf nstès h pueta in
dafpnhr ne fudhr inf khclea qun inmns tachr phrh nvlthr nsn èrmaf,
 pairès dafpnhr nf
nf èrmaf khih vnz.
vnz. Ns fh clsch rhzûe par fh qun netrnehe
netrnehe
h fas kaeiuktarns in hutas in khrrnrh phrh euekh clrns h fh phrni. Fas
kaeiuktarns hprneine h knetrhr su htneklûe ne fh plsth y
taih fh hkklûe
Rar nsa h su hfrniniar.
ns lcparthetn fh cnilthklûe. [l ea nrns kaesklnetn in
nxhkthcnetn
iaein nstè su htneklûe, ns il`ãklf khcmlhr nsn ne`aqun. Klkflsca ne
eunva
\aro ns ueh incastrhklûe in fas prleklplas prlchrlas in fh chdlh ne
tlncpa rnhf.
Fh cnilthklûe tn pnrcltn eathr ghklh iûein vh tu htneklûe y ilrldlrfh
ne kaesnkuneklh. Ne chdlh, fa ilrldlcas ghklh fa qun insnhcas ne fudhr
in ghknrfa h fa qun
q un qun tncncas.

Fh chyarãh inEa
lekrniuflihi. fh dnetn
ns. Faplnesh qunin
kaetrhrla fa `n
apunsta h fh Nf
ns clnia. `n ns fh ns nf praknsa
clnia
in kafakhr nenrdãh ghklh nf rnsufthia qun fh chyarãh qulnrn nvlthrfa. Fh
`n, par atra fhia, sldel`lkh ilrldlr eunstra ne`aqun ghklh nsa qun
qunrncas chel`nsthr. Hflcnethcas fa qun tncncas. Nrrar nsthcas
iheta in kacnr hf fama nqulvakhia.
Rèdleh ;<
Fh cnilthklûe eas hyuih h vnr nxhkthcnetn iûein nsthcas paelneia
eunstrh nenrdãh y eas pnrcltn khcmlhr nf pfhea in
i n eunstrh htneklûe ne fa
hstrhf y pfheas cnethfns Kuheia ghkncas nsa, ghkncas cukga cès
 paslmfn chel`nsthr
chel`nsthr fa qun qunrncas
qunrncas ne nf pfhea
pfhea chtnrlhf.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿
 

KLEKA CNILYHKLAEN[ MÈ[LKH[

Hfdueas in ustnins punine tnenr høas in nxpnrlneklh cniltheia.
cniltheia. [l nsa
ns klnrta phrh tl, safa
gajnn fhs sudnrneklhs h kaetleuhklûe phrh vnr sl ghy hfda eunva phrh
 pramhr. Easatras rnklmlrncas
fh phrtn LLL inf
ne prèktlkhs in cnilthklûe cès hvhezhihs ne fh phrtn LLL inf flmra,
kacnezheia kae
Fhs il`nrnetns vnrslaens inf Hflneta Kuèirupfn.
\ phrh hqunffas in ustnins qun thf vnz ea ghyhe cnilthia cukga, a thf
vnz snh
gh phshia cukga tlncpa insin fh úftlch vnz qun fa glklstn? prunmh ueh a
cès in nsths apklaens:

8. Cnilthklûe in pln Ns cès `èklf ghknr nsth cnilthklûe sle tus zhphtas
a khfkntlens punstas. Nekunetrh ue fudhr trhequlfa phrh phrhrtn,
p hrhrtn, rnfhjh tus
gacmras y klnrrh tu
ajas [lnetn fhs sneshklaens qun kaeffnvh tnenr fas plns inskhfzas ne nf
sunfa.
±Xuì eaths hf rnspnkta1 ±Ghy klnrths èrnhs in tus plns qun sae cès
ne kaethkta kae nf sunfa1 Amsnrvn kuhfqulnr il`nrneklh ne prnslûe y
tncpnrhturh.
[l ea eath cukga, slìethsn flmrn in
i n mhfheknhrsn samrn fhs pueths in fas
 plns y
funda rntraknih ue paka ghklh fas thfaens phrh qun punih intnkthr fas
khcmlas ne nf
Il`nrnetns sneshklaens.
sneshklaens. Ynedh ne kuneth thetas inthffns kaca punih.

=. Cnilthklûe phrh khclehr Nsths lestrukklaens sae khsl liìetlkhs h fhs

Cnilthklûe in pln, kae fh lcparthetn nxknpklûe in chetnenr su
ajas hmlnrtas clnetrhs khclehs. Runins ghknrfa safa a ne ue fudhr kae
atras iaein ea tn cafnsthrèe. [l fa ghkns safa, muskh ue
ghmlthklûe trhequlfh ne fh qun punins khclehr in ue fhia h atra, hfda
fneta, pnra
ea nxhdnrhihcnetn hsã. [lnetn fhs ilvnrshs sneshklaens in tus plns h
cnilih qun
sumn y mhjh ne tu `arch earchf in khclehr. [l nsta ea ns cuy il`ãklf
 phrh tl, thcmlìe
thcmlìe ilrldn tu htneklûe h kûca sn slnetne tus plnrehs clnetrh
clnetrhss
cavnrsn par fh ghmlthklûe Rrnsth htneklûe h fhs sneshklaens ne tus
tamlffas,
tus phetarrlffhs,
ffhch tu htneklûetusy amsnrvh
railffhs yfatus
quncusfas.
surdn. Clrh fa inthffhia qun punins
 

Rhdn 92
;. Cnilthklûe huiltlvh Rhrh ghknr nsth cnilthklûe, nekunetrn ue fudhr
 phrh snethrsn qun
qun a`rnzkh vhrlas saelias: h`unrh ne
ne ue phrqun, ne ue
rnsthurhetn a ne ue
tlnens qun knrrhr fashnrapunrta clnetrhs
ajas phrh nsth nspnrh
prèktlkh, phrh hfduehs
huequn hmarihr pnrsaehs
hmarihr su vunfa. fa
Ea
nekunetrhe fns hyuih h kaeknetrhrsn. Nskukgn fas saelias qun suknine h
su hfrniniar.
Yûcnsn ueas cleutas phrh ilstledulrfas y prnsthr htneklûe h fh
kaetrhstns: hfdueas saelias nstèe knrkh y atras fnjas, atras
cès `unrtn qun atras, hfdueas sae hdrhihmfns clnetrhs
clnetrhs qun atras sae
lrrlthetns.
Yûcnsn ueas cleutas phrh hprnklhr fh vhrlnihi in saelias qun fa rainhe.
ustni, funda htnrrlzh ne ue saelia ne phrtlkufhr par ue tlncpa. Kìetrhtn
ne nsa
saehr par ue phr in cacnetas, nxpfarhr kûca ns (kaesthetn, hfta
ne taea, ±chqulehia1) y funda phshr h atra in fh clsch chenrh.

9. Clrhr fh cnilthklûe Yhcmlìe hyuih nsthr h`unrh phrh nstn,

huequn thcmlìe punins ghknrfa ne ueh ghmlthklûe drhein. Nfldn hfda
rnfhtlvhcnetnn knrkh in ustni: ueh thzh hf atra fhia in fh cnsh
rnfhtlvhcnet
ustni, a thf vnz ue èrmaf knrkhea ne nf phrqun. Clrh taia fa vlsuhf
inthffns qun punin nekaetrhr: kafar, `arch, phtrûe, sacmrnhia a
kuhfqulnr atrh kash
 punins vnr. Inilkh
Inilkh ue phr in cleutas
cleutas h nstn amjnta
amjnta y funda dlrh
su htneklûe h hfda cès hfnjhia, hfda h cntras in
tú. Rrnsth htneklûe h nstn amjnta in fh clsch chenrh, amsnrvheia taias
fas
il`nrnetns inthffns, y inspuìs in ue phr in cleutas ffhch tu htneklûe
vafvnr hf amjnta arldlehf qun nxhcleû. Pnh sl punin eathr hfdueh
eunvhs khrhktnrãstlkhs
khrhktnrãstlkhs qun ea eatû hetns.

>. Cnilthklûe hflcnetlklh Nsth prèktlkh phrtlkufhr ea tach cukga cès

qun rniuklr fh vnfaklihi y prnsthr htneklûe hf praknsa in kacnr 
 prûxlch kaclih
kaclih Ns paslmfn qun insnn ghknr nsta safa y kuheia ea nstè
ne ue
 

 prlsh phrtlkufhr
phrtlkufhr phrh ffndhr h atrh kash. Rhrh cukgas
cukgas in easatras, kacnr
kacnr
tlnen
vafvnrsn hfda cnkèelka y rèplia, y nsth cnilthklûe
hyuihrfa h hprnklhr nf kacpfnja y inflklasa praknsa in kaesuca
tu kaclih. [lcpfncnetn rniuzkh fh vnfaklihi, kaekìetrnsn rnhfcnetn ne
taihs fhs tnxturhs y
fas clsch
Fh dustas cnilthklûe
qun nekunetrhs y snetlr
`ueklaeh kaefamnmnr
qun nsjuda,
trhdhr tu kaclih.
rn`rnskas a ue vhsa in
vlea, pnra ea rnkaclneia pramhrfa kae cès in ue vhsa
in tu mnmlih hfkagûflkh `hvarlth: ns il`ãklf prnsthr htneklûe
rnfhtlvhcnetnn rèplia
rnfhtlvhcnet
Rhdn 98
Nsths sae taihs cnilthklaens útlfns phrh hdrndhr h tu vlih,
leinpneilnetncnetn
leinpneilnetncn etn in quì atra
 prèktlkhs nsplrltuhfns,
nsplrltuhfns, lekfulihs
lekfulihs fhs qun hphrnkne
hphrnkne cès hinfhetn
hinfhetn ne nf flmra,
fa ghkns ne ue
rndufhrcnetn.. Rramhmfncnetn intnkthrè qun taihs nsths sae prèktlkhs
rndufhrcnetn
 mhshihs ne fas snetlias,
y kaca thfns tlneine h snr cnilthklaens hktlvhs y thedlmfns, fa kuhf ns
ueh drhe chenrh
 phrh netrhr ne
ne khfar kae hfduehs
hfduehs in fhs prèktlkhs
prèktlkhs cès kacpflkhihs
kacpflkhihs qun
ghrès.
Hpfãqunsn uea a cès in nstas iurhetn ueh sncheh cès a cneas,
 pramèeiafa hf cneas
cneas ueh vnz
ilhrla. Rar supunsta, eathrè cès rnsufthias ne su kfhrlihi cnethf y
nsthia in hfnrth sl
fa ghkns cès sndulia qun nsa. Rar hgarh, ghdh fa qun punih y vnh quì
suknin.
Rhdn 9=

Y
000

FH CHDLH IN FH PL[^HFLZHKLÛE
PL[^HFLZHKLÛE
 

Fh gnrrhclneth cès lcparthetn qun paincas utlflzhr phrh fadrhr hfth

chdlh ns eunstrh lchdlehklûe. Kuheia fas chdas ghmfhe in
vlsuhflzhklûe, nsa ns nsneklhfcnetn fa qun
nstèe ghmfheia Fhs pnrsaehs h cneuia kacnethe qun ea sae munehs phrh
vlsuhflzhr:
Fa nskukga taia nf tlncpa kuheia iay kfhsns in chdlh. Kuhfqulnrh in
fhs pnrsaehs slnetn
fh vlsuhflzhklûe nstènsa
tathfcnetn `unrh inf hfkhekn a plneshe qun sae
garrlmfns, y thcpaka
ns nf khsa. Hf lduhf qun ghknr chdlh, nstès vlsuhflzheia taia nf tlncpa.
Khih vnz qun levakhs ue rnkunria in fh le`heklh, il hfda qun tú y tu
tu cnjar hclda fa glza ne fh nskunfh snkueihrlh a ne tu chøheh in
 Ehvlihi `hvarlth:
`hvarlth:

Plsuhflzhrtn. \ khih vnz qun plneshs ne fa qun vhs h ghknr ne nf

Plsuhflzhrtn.
`utura: fa qun qulnrns ghknr phrh fh kneh, tus pfhens in `le in sncheh a
nsn drhe vlhjn
qulnrns tachrtn ue iãh, thcmlìe nstès vlsuhflzheia. Khih vnz qun tn
lchdlehs
hfda qun ea nstè suknilneia ne nstn cacneta ne tu pnqunøh phrtn in fa
`ãslka
cueia, nstès vlsuhflzheia. \ nsh ns fh nsneklh clsch in fh chdlh.
Fh vlsuhflzhklûe ea ns enknshrlhcnetn vlsuhf  . . [afa parqun ea punins
vnr hfda
ne inthffn ea sldel`lkh qun ea fa nstìs vlsuhflzheia. Rhrh hfduehs
 pnrsaehs, vlsuhflzhklûe
vlsuhflzhklûe
lcpflkh fh vlsth, yh snh kae nf aja in fh cnetn a nf aja `ãslka, pnra
Fh vlsuhflzhklûe tach cukghs `archs, kae a sle lcèdnens vlsuhfns. Rhrh

cukgas fh vlsuhflzhklûe
 pnrsaehs, vlsuhflzhklûe lcpflkh
lcpflkh ue snetlia kacpfnthcnetn
kacpfnthcnetn il`nrnetn.
il`nrnetn.
[l punins rnkarihr nf hrach inf pnr`ucn in tu hmunfh a fh `arch
qun su khsh afãh kuheia garenhmh ue fatn in ddhffnths
hffnths `rnskhs, nstès
khutlvheia
^eh `arch in vlsuhflzhklûe hrrhldhih ne nf afar. \ sl punins rnkarihr fh
vaz in tu phirn
kuheia tn ffhcû, nstès vlsuhflzheia kae saelia (nsth ns fh mhsn phrh
kfhrlhuilneklh).
kfhrlhuilneklh). Atrhs pnrsaehs vlsuhflzhe par cnila in fh letulklûe a ue
vhda snetlia in slcpfncnetn shmlneia hfda. Ns in fa qun nsthcas
ghmfheia kuheia eas rn`nrlcas h tnenr ueh "karhzaehih" samrn hfda.
Rhdn 9;
 

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

PL[^HFLZHKLÛE
Nstn njnrklkla ea sn trhth theta in prhktlkhr fh vlsuhflzhklûe kaca in
kacprneinr 
fhs `archs ne qun sn chel`lnsth tu lchdlehklûe. Nsth prèktlkh ea tach
cukga
fhrda, y ns ueh nxknfnetn chenrh in khfnethrsn phrh fhs nxtneshs
vlsuhflzhklaenss qun snrè
vlsuhflzhklaen
ghklneia cès thrin Hyuihrè h ushr ue kuhinrea u atra cnila phrh
nskrlmlr 
fas inthffns phrh nsth prèktlkh, y nstè mlne sl hfduehs phrtns sae il`ãklfns
in inskrlmlr ne
 phfhmrhs: slìethsn
slìethsn flmrn in ilmujhr,
ilmujhr, plethr a ushr kuhfqulnr atra
atra cnila
 phrh trhescltlr
trhescltlr fhs `archs ne
qun `ueklaeh tu lchdlehklûe
8. Rlnesh ne ue rnkunria in fh le`heklh: ueh chøheh in Ehvlihi ne
 phrtlkufhr, ue
cacneta nspnklhf kae ue hmunfa, judheia kae ue hclda in fh le`heklh
qun ea ghs vlsta ne høas a iìkhihs, n lchdleh fas inthffns in
nsh nskneh ne phrtlkufhr fa cès kfhrhcnetn paslmfn. Inskrlmn taia fa qun
 punin rnkarihr: fas afarns, kûca
kûca nrh fh nskneh,
nskneh, kuhfqulnr kash
kash qun
nskukghia, qulìe nsthmh hffã y kûca tn snetlstn par inetra (`nflz,
hsusthia, kèflia,
ntk.) Yûchtn nf tlncpa qun enknsltns phrh nxprnshr fa qun rnkunrihs.
=. Hgarh lchdleh h ueh pnrsaeh hktuhfcnetn vlvh qun ns lcparthetn phrh
tl pnra
qulne ea nstè prnsnetn kaetlda ne nstn cacneta (ns inklr, nstèe ne atrh
 phrtn
in fh kluihi, nsthia a phãs). Letneth lchdlehr fa qun nstèe gghklneia
hklneia mlne
hgarh clnetrhs ghkns nstn njnrklkla, y amsnrvh taias fas inthffns qun
vlnene
 phrh tl. ±Iûein nstèe nxhkthcnetn1
nxhkthcnetn1 ±Kûca sn vn nf fudhr1 Kûca
±[n slnetne hknrkh in iûein nstèe y quì nstèe ghklneia1 Xuì
±Xuì ncaklaens nxpnrlcneths samrn nffhs kuheia fhs nstès lchdleheia1
±Xuì saelias y afarns nxpnrlcnethe ne nstn fudhr fnjhea1
 Eunvhcnetn, heath
heath taia fa qun sn
sn tn akurrh.
;. @lehfcnetn, plnesh ne tl clsca ne nf `utura. [l tn kaeslinrhs ue
 pnrsaeh javne
nstès ne tus a in cnilheh
sntneth u akgneth.nihi,
\ sllchdleh
yh nstès kûca
ne tu snrès
snrès kuheia
 

sntneth u akgneth, lchdleh tu vlih ilnz, vnletn a trnleth høas

insin hgarh. Yûcnsn ueas cleutas phrh vlsuhflzhr fh nskneh. Iûein
nstèe
±tú1 ±Xuì the il`nrnetn tn vns in kûca tn vns gay1 Kûca
±[n slnetn snr cukga chyar1 ±Kuèfns sae fhs sneshklaens qun vlnene h
±Yn lcparth kaca tn lchdlehs nstn ya `utura1 Pnh quì the inthffhia
 punin amtnenrtaia
ustni nskrlmn kacnsta
kacaa hmhja.

Rhdn 99
9. Clrh tus eaths. Kacphrh fa qun nskrlmlstn phrh fas trns njnrklklas.
±Drhmhstn prleklphfcnetn
prleklphfcnetn inthffns vlsuhfns a ncaklaehfns / pslkafûdlkas1
hspnktas in fhs nsknehs qun lchdlehstn1 Nxhclen fas inthffns phrh
kacúe
glfas y tnchs. Nsta tn ilrè cukga samrn tu `arch phrtlkufhr 
in vlsuhflzhklûe, a hf cneas kûca nstès vlsuhflzheia gay, y nf
in chenrh qun chenjns nsth gnrrhclneth lekrnãmfncnetn lcparthetn ne nf
trhmhja phrh
vne.
Rèdleh 9>

ya
44
H^CNEYHEIA \ IL]LDLNEIA
NEN]DÃH
insnh a`rnknr ue njnrklkla prnflclehr cès phrh prnphrhrsn phrh nf
 

 prèktlkhs `ueihcnethfns
`ueihcnethfns qun ghrès fh phrtn LLL
ghrès ne fh phrtn LLL . . Nsth ns ueh vnrslûe in
uea in fas
njnrklklas cès nesnøhias ne trhilklaens cèdlkhs, parqun pnrcltn
kacnezhr 
fas nstuilhetns nxpnrlcnethe nenrdãh sutlf par prlcnrh vnz, n lekfusa ns
kacúe qun
eunvas prhktlkhetns
letneta. Nsth lelklhf phrh intnkthr sneshklaens nenrdìtlkhs ne su prlcnr
Nf dafpn ns lcparthetn. Kuheta cès snphs kûca sn slnetn fh nenrdãh, cès
`èklf snrè
fa nekaetrhrès phrh trhmhjhr.
Hincès, phrh fhs pnrsaehs qun sae ue paka nskìptlkhs a plneshe qun fh
nenrdãh `ueklaeh kaca
hfda nxtrhøa, a lekfusa phrh hqunffas in ustnins qun pairãhe nsthr
apnrheia safa
Nspnra qun fh chdlh snh paslmfn, nstn njnrklkla praparklaehrè ueh
nxpnrlneklh qun
castrhrfn
rnhfcnetn qun trhmhjhr
ea ns kae nenrdãh
cès leusuhf qun fhnschyarãh
rnhfcnetn ilrnkta
in fhs kashsyqun
thedlmfn.
ghkns [us
ne nf
trheskursa inf iãh
- nspnklhfcnetn kuheia rnkunrihs qun yh nstès ghklneia chdlh taia nf
tlncpa.
^eh vnz qun nxpnrlcnetn nsta in prlcnrh chea (sl húe ea fa gh gnkga),
hfda kruklhf
suknin ne fh pslqun y yh ea nstès the amsthkuflzhia par fh
lekrniuflihi. Kaca tu
fh kae`lhezh ne nf trhmhja nenrdìtlka krnkn, thcmlìe fa ghkn su
n`nktlvlihi, fa qun ghkn qun

snh kuhf snh fh

Nf sldulnetn chdlh qun
njnrklkla phrhnfljhs rnhflzhr,
hucnethr cukgatlnen
fh nenrdãh cès ias
painrash.
`hsns. Ghknr fh
@hsn 8 phrh ue
hpraxlchihcnetn ueh sncheh hetns in phshr h fh @hsn =.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

H^CNEYHEIA NEN]DÃH: @H[N 8

8. @ratn fhs phfchs in sus cheas jueths. Ghz nsta vldarashcnetn - fh
`arch
fh dnetn sn `rath fhs cheas kuheia ghkn `rãa h`unrh.
 

=. Cuy praeta (vnletn sndueias cès a cneas), snetlrès qun tus cheas
krnkne
Rèdleh 90
khfnethr. Nsn khfar pravlnen in fh `rlkklûe qun ghs krnhia, par supunsta.
Kaca kuhfqulnrh qun ghyh tnelia qun nstuilhr klneklhs in fh nskunfh
 prlchrlh
shmn: nf khfar ns nenrdãh. In gnkga, taia ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
Kaetlnen nenrdãh tìrclkh.
;. [nphrn fhs cheas hpraxlchihcnetn h snls pufdhihs in ilstheklh, fhs
 phfchs ueh `rnetn
`rnetn h fh atrh.
Klnrrh fas ajas y slnetn nf khfar kaetnelia ne nsn nsphkla. Ynedh ne
kuneth kuhfqulnr 
`fuktuhklaens in tncpnrhturh a cavlclneta.
9. [l ne hfdúe cacneta iurhetn nsth prèktlkh enknslth dnenrhr cès khfar
kae
sus cheas, rndrnsn hf phsa 8 y rntacn iaein fa injû.
>. Nxpnrlcneth kae fh sneshklûe. Cunvn tus cheas ue paka cès fnjas
y ue paka cès juetas ±Kaca ns nsa1 Letneth cafinhr fh nenrdãh
ne il`nrnetns `archs. [astnefa ne tus cheas kaca sl `unrhs dnetlfcnetn
hprntheia ue dfama in hduh qun nstès trhtheia in ea nxpfathr.
±Xuì suknin kuheia hdrndh nsh vlsuhflzhklûe hf njnrklkla1
Letneth hucnethr fh nenrdãh: @hsn 8 vhrlhs vnkns hf iãh iurhetn ghsth
kleka cleutas cès a cneas
khih vnz. [lcpfncnetn nekunetrn pnqunøas nsphklas ne su iãh phrh
intnenrsn y snetlr nsth `arch in
trhmhja prnflclehr in nenrdãh. Runins ghknr nsta par cès in ueh sncheh
hetns in cuihrtn
h fh @hsn = sl fa insnh, pnra fn rnkaclneia qun sn iì hf cneas
slntn u akga iãhs in nsth prèktlkh. Ns ueh `arch in `hclflhrlzhrsn kae nf
`ueihcnetas inf `fuja in nenrdãh.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

H^CNEYHEIA NEN]DÃH: @H[N =

[l gh phshia nf tlncpa hinkuhia ne fh @hsn 8, hgarh ns cès kacpntnetn
ne
fnvhetheia nenrdãh y cafinèeiafh netrn tus phfchs. Hgarh vhs h
hprneinr nf
 

kaeknptas mèslkas phrh ilrldlr fh nenrdãh y utlflzhrfh phrh taia tlpa in

`lens cèdlkas:
insin khrdhr amjntas ghsth phshr nenrdãh kurhtlvh h atrhs pnrsaehs. Rhrh
eunstra
 prapûsltas hquã, vhs h kafakhr nenrdãh
nenrdãh ne ue nf
nfncneta
ncneta ihia kae ue
 phrtlkufhr 
letneklûe ne cnetn. Ghmfa cukga samrn thflschens (amjntas khrdhias in
chdlh
ne phrtn LP inf
nenrdãh) cès hinfhetn ne phrtn LP inf flmra, hsã qun slìetntn flmrn in
shfthr y fnnr cès
samrn nffas hffã sl qulnrns. Ea ns enknshrla qun fa ghdh h fas n`nktas in
nstn
Rhdn 94
njnrklkla, sle ncmhrda. Ne nstn cacneta safa nstès letnetheia prhktlkhr
fa mèslka
in khrdh.
8. Nfljh ue amjnta phrh ushr kaca hcufnta a thflscèe. Ea tlnen qun snr 
inchslhia nspnklhf, y ea tlnen qun snr ehih phrtlkufhrcnetn
clrhih cèdlkh Rairãh snr the slcpfn kaca ue mafãdrh`a, ueh `atadrh`ãh 
in tus phirns a in tu hmunfa.
Phs h khrdhr nsth `ata kaca pratnktar.
hsã qun nfldn hfda qun snh `èklf in ffnvhr kaetlda h cnilih qun hvhezhs
samrn tus hktlvlihins ilhrlhs.
=. Kafaqun nf amjnta samrn ueh cnsh u atrh supnr`lkln `rnetn h
ustni. Ncpnzhr 
`ratèeiasn fhs cheas jueths.
;. Kafaqun sus cheas hfrniniar inf amjnta y kaekìetrnsn ne fh sneshklûe
in
nenrdãh dnenrhih par tus phfchs.
9. Hgarh vhs h khrdhr nf amjnta kae ueh phfhmrh, `rhsn a lchdne.
Ne nstn pueta, slcpfncnetn nfldn fa qun snh cès ehturhf phrh tl. par 
njncpfa, fh phfhmrh in khrdh pairãh snr "pratnkklûe", a su nfnkklûe
Fh `rhsn pairãh snr hfda hsã kaca "pratìdncn". Ildhcas qun nfndlstn
Fh `ata in tu hmunfa phrh nstn njnrklkla. Rairãhs slcpfncnetn vnrtn
ghmfheia y kaevnrsheia kae tu hmunfa y kaetèeiafn tus pramfnchs y
kaca qulnrns qun tn hyuin.
Yaias nstas cìtaias sae lduhfcnetn
n`lkhkns? safa sn rniukn h fh prn`nrneklh pnrsaehf.
>. Pnrmhflkn y/a vlsuhflkn ne kaesnkuneklh clnetrhs slnetn nf khfar phshr 
 

y h trhvìs inf amjnta. Ghdh nsta ghsth qun sn slneth "gnkga". ]nhfcnetn
ea punia inklr fa qun sn slnetn, safa kae`ãh ne tu letulklûe y safa intnetn
kuheia krnhs qun ea sn slnetn mlne.
0. Duhrin nf amjnta (ne su mafslffa, khrtnrh, duhetnrh a iaein snh)
y afvãihfa. Ea enknslths sndulr pnesheia ne nsa? in gnkga,
ns kaetrhpraiuknetn ghknrfa (cès samrn nsta cès hinfhetn ne nf
flmra).
[afa snph qun nf amjnta `ueklaeh in hkunria kae su letneklûe, y
sldun tu iãh.
Rar supunsta, su khrda ea tlnen qun tnenr ehih qun vnr kae fh
 pratnkklûe.
97
Nsa pairãh snr kuhfqulnr kash, rnhfcnetn: kurhklûe, sunrtn, kacphslûe, fa
qun snh. Gn ushia nsth prèktlkh phrh pnqunøas hktas in chdlh ne
eucnrashs akhslaens. \a ueh vnz vlhjn h Fhs Pndhs y usn nsth tìkelkh
 phrh khrdhr ue helffa qun cn ila cl chirn. Cn sn snetì
etì ne cl ghmlthklûe
ghmlthklûe in
gatnf y fa khrduì kae nf pneshclneta:
"Yneda sunrtn ne nf junda". Cn pusn nf helffa y fa afvliì? ya safa
Netrì hf khslea kae cls hcldas, ils`rutì y juduì
ue paka. Ea slncprn dheì nsn `le in sncheh, ue Gammlt phrtlkufhr 
fh cèquleh trhdhcaenihs tncètlkh dhstû $ 72 kaca sl ea `unrh ehih,
 pnra ya
shflû ne fh klch cukga cès in fa qun plneshs. Cn nekheth fh rufnth y cn
dusthrãh
 judhr taihs fhs
fhs chøhehs nsthmh ne Fhs Pndhs, dh
dheheia
eheia fa su`lkl
su`lklnetn
netn phrh
 phdhr ue
Inshyuea in fuja. Kurlashcnetn, ea nsthmh pnesheia ne
Fh rufnth kaca ueh `arch in junda. Kuheia khcleì ghklh fh cnsh, ya
[hmãh qun lmh h dhehr, hsã qun `un khsl kaca phrhr ne nf khjnra
hutacètlka
khclea hf rnsthurhetn
Kuheia rnhflzhcas chdlh phrh khcmlhr kashs ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf, fh
 prlcnrh
Fas hspnktas in fh rnhflihi qun sn hftnrhe sae fas qun sae cès
chfnhmfns. H cneuia,
Nsta sldel`lkh eunstrh praplh pslqun. Fh kaeklneklh ns purh nenrdãh, par
fa qun paincas `èklfcnetn
ihrfn `arch in ueh chenrh qun rnsuftn ne khcmlas ne nf cueia
`ãslka. Cl nxlta ne
fh rufnth ea tlnen ehih qun vnr kae fh the kacnethih "hpunsth inf
 judhiar" - kuheia
kuheia
 

fh dnetn khn prnsh in nsh prlsh y ea shmn kuèeia intnenrsn. Kae chdlh,
gn
hprneiã h pneshr ne hktlvlihins kaca judhr h fh rufnth kaca hfda slcpfn,
rutlehrla, hfda
thrnhs letnrnshetns qun ea dnenrhe nsthfflias in ncaklûe u afnhihs in
clnia.
[ae slcpfncnetn ueh `arch in nsthr ne nf cueia, safa kae ue paka cès
in ìxlta qun
Fa qun sn kaeslinrh earchf.
Rèdleh 9<

ya
7
Y]HMHJHEIA KAE I^IH
Hkhma in ghmfhr samrn nf phpnf
p hpnf in fh krnneklh, a, hf cneas, fh
leil`nrneklh ne nf trhmhja nenrdìtlka, hsã qun nstn phrnkn snr nf cacneta
y nf fudhr pnr`nkta phrh inklr hfduehs kashs samrn fh iuih. Fh iuih ns
kacpfnthcnetn earchf,
earchf, nspnklhfcnetn kuheia sn trhth in chdlh, y ya
 

ea qulnra qun fa vnhs kaca ueh nspnkln in hmnrrhklûe u amstèkufa.

Fhs iuihs sae safa ueh phrtn inf praknsa in hprneilzhjn in fh

chdlh.
H fh chyarãh in easatras eas ghe ilkga qun fh chdlh ea ns
rnhf. Rairãhcas krnnr ne nffa, pnra nf cueia eas ilkn qun ea krnnr
sldel`lkh snr rnhflsth y qun fh chdlh ns safa ueh `hethsãh, hfda rnfndhia h
fas flmras in `lkklûe y pnflkufhs.
p nflkufhs. Nstn insh`artuehia cneshjn, hincès in
atrhs `archs in saklnihi.
Nf insncpainrhclneta punin il`lkufthr fh kae`lhezh ne nf praknsa
kuheia kacnezhcas h Rrhktlkhr fh chdlh.

Yaias nxpnrlcnethe iuihs kuheia kaclnezhe h trhmhjhr

trhmhjhr kae chdlh. [us
ea safa tú? [ae taias, lekfulia ya. Fh iuih tach cukghs `archs: pairãhs
 prnduethrsn sl fa nstè ghklneia mlne, a pairãh prnduethrsn
prnduethrsn sl tl
tlnen
nen fas
inthffns in
klnrth vlsuhflzhklûe karrnkth,
karrnkth, a punin rn`fnxlaehr cukga samrn ue phsa u
atra
(par njncpfa, "±[n supaen qun inma ushr cl chea inrnkgh sl say
zuria1"), a ustni pairãh tnenr ueh vhdh sneshklûe in insarine. Munea,
safa qulnra qun snphs qun ns in nspnrhr nstn tlpa in pneshclnetas ne nstn
vlhjn. Fhs iuihs sae safa ueh phrtn inf praknsa in hprneilzhjn in fh
chdlh.
Hfdueas in easatras nxpnrlcnethcas iuihs khih vnz qun letnethcas
hfda eunva, y nsta punin
snh nspnklhfcnetn klnrta kae hfda the `unrh in fa kacúe kaca fh
chdlh. ^stni punin
 pneshr: "Nsta ea ns fa qun pnesì qun
qun lmh h snr fh chdlh, hsã qun ea inma
snr ghklneia chdlh ", pnra ea khldhs ne nsh trhcph. Fa cès lcparthetn
 phrh
rnkunrin hquã ns sndulr letnetèeiafa y ea injhr qun fh iuih sn letnrpaedh
ne su khclea. [afa sldun
y nvnetuhfcnetn pradrnshrè y dhehrè kae`lhezh. \ rnkunrih
Nsh chdlh ns sneslmfn. [l tn hknrkhs y rnhfcnetn trhths in hthkhr fh chdlh,
snrè
Rèdleh >2
Yn vna h clthi in khclea. Fh Chdlko tn ghmfhrè sl supnrhs tus iuihs

y nekunetrhs fa qun nstè nspnrheia hf atra fhia.

 

Kuheia prhktlkhmh chdlh ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn, rndufhrcnetn cn

 prnduethmh sl Fa nsthmh ghklneia mlne,
mlne, prleklphfcnetn
prleklphfcnetn parqun tneãh qun
hvnrlduhr cukga h trhvìs in prunmh y nrrar. \ fhs iuihs cès askurhs cn
hkashrae thcmlìe. \a nsthmh usheia chdlh phrh flmnrhrcn in fh cunrtn,
taia clnetrhs prnsneklì cès in Pnletn pnrsaehs khclehe par nsn phslffa
 phrh lr h cl njnkuklûe.

Nrhe pnrsaehs qun kaeakãh. \ euekh vl h hfdulne khclehr ghklh hmhja

nsn phslffa h fh flmnrthi. Eleduea in nffas puia lr h cl khsh h prnduethr
qun enknslthmh pnra nf carma ns hsl. .
"±In vnrihi krnns qun vhs h snr nf prlcnra1 Ne flmnrhrcn inf karrniar in
fh cunrtn" \a cn prnduetì h cl clsca. "±In vnrihi krnns qun tn
injhrèe shflr in hquã1"
Nsths `unrae safa hfduehs in fhs iuihs kae fhs qun trhtì h ilhrla.
H vnkns cn ffnvû h fh insnspnrhklûe hmsafuth, el slqulnrh punia
kacnezhr h inskrlmn nsh nxpnrlneklh kae phfhmrhs.
Hf `lehf, ea cn rneiã h iuih ? [lcpfncnetn pusn ue pln infhetn inf atra
yclsnduã
karhzûe y cl \a
hinfhetn. pnesì
hfch qunchdlho
ne cl ea tneãh ehihnsa
\ par qun pnrinr, hsã qun pusn
`ueklaeû.

Rlnesn ne fh iuih kaca ue iafar krnklnetn a ueh `arch in

lelklhklûe. ]nkunrih nsa taias nxpnrlcnethe iuihs, ¡lekfusa ya! - pnra
khih vnz qun surjh, hyuihrè kaetleuhr sl letneths nf sldulnetn phsa a
tìkelkh ne nstn flmra.
>8

\
<
RN][AEHFLZH] Y^ R]ÈKYLKH \ AMYNEN] 
IN[NHIA.
Ylnens uehs pakhs pèdlehs cès hetns in kacnezhr rnhfcnetn .
Fa qun qulnra qun snph ns qun khih lestrukklûe qun a`rnzka ne nstn flmra,
khih
 

njnrklkla, vlsuhflzhklûe,
vlsuhflzhklûe, cnilthklûe y rltuhf: ns safa ueh letraiukklûe a
ue kaejueta in lelklhfns phuths Nstèe instlehias h snethr fhs mhsns in su
pnra fh chdlh ns úelkh phrh khih leilvliua . Nf pueta ns
 prèktlkh, pnra
nxpnrlcnethr y inskumrlr quì `ueklaeh phrh tl.

Rar njncpfa, ne fh phrtn

fh phrtn LLL
LLL , , phrtlklphrè ne ueh prèktlkh in rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn. par 
Rhrh hfduehs pnrsaehs, ns il`ãklf ghknr khih phsa kaetheia ghsth kuhtra
(ns inklr, leghfhr,
sastnenr, nxghfhr, sastnenr),
sastnenr), par fa qun cail`lkhe su prèktlkh ne
kaesnkuneklh. Yhf vnz
leghfhe y nxghfhe kaetheia ghsth kuhtra, pnra hduhethr theta tlncpa ns
inchslhia netaekns phshe par nsas hslclnetas letnrcnilas kaetheia
ghsth ias.

Nsths lestrukklaens ea nstèe thffhihs ne plnirh.

Fh chdlh ea sn trhth in hignrlrsn klndhcnetn h ueh
krnneklh a slstnch.

Fa qun qulnra inklr kae nsta ns qun slncprn inmns pnrsaehflzhr tu

 prèktlkh sndúe tus enknslihins y chqulffhjn. Nf slstn
slstnch
ch nenrdìtlka in
khih pnrsaeh ns il`nrnetn y fa qun `ueklaeh phrh ueh pnrsaeh sn khnrè a
tneirè n`nktas endhtlvas phrh hfdulne cès.
Ghz fa qun snh qun ghdh qun fh prèktlkh snh cès painrash phrh tl y ea
injns qun Hfdulne tn ilkn hfda il`nrnetn. Kaca gn ilkga hetns, fh chdlh
ea sn trhth h klndhs hignrlrsn h ueh krnneklh a slstnch. [l `ueklaeh, ns
chdlh. [l ea ns hsã, letnetn hfda cès. Yaia tu vlhjn kae chdlh rnqunrlrè
inskumrlr quì trhmhjh phrh tl.
Fh chdlh ns ue praknsa letnrclehmfn. Ea ghy `le phrh nf khclea el `le
 phrh tu nxpfarhklûe
nxpfarhklûe Nf hspnkta cès lcparthetn hquã ns tu letneklû
letneklûe.
e.
Rhdn >=
]NK^N]IH : iaein vh tu htneklûe, `fuyn tu nenrdãh. Hqunffa qun tn
kaeknetrhs K]NKN. [l qulnrns qun fh chdlh trhmhjn phrh
ustni, phrtlklpn in taia karhzûe, nxpnrlcnetn y cail`lqun fhs prèktlkhs
in hkunria kae h su nxpnrlneklh.
 

Inspuìs in ue tlncpa, tn ihrès kuneth in qun rnhflzhr ueh drhe chdlh ns

nedhøashcnetn sneklffa. Hf prleklpla, punin phrnknr kacpfnja, pnra
nvnetuhfcnetn nekaetrhrès
nekaetrhrès qun ea rnqulnrn cukga ns`unrza ne
hmsafuta. Kae`ãh ne cã: ffndhrès hffã. Kae kagnrnetn
 prèktlkh, fh chdlh sn kaevlnrtn
kaevlnrtn ne ueh sndueih ehturhfnzh. Yaia fa qun
rnhfcnetn nstès ghklneia ns ue cès vnrslûe rn`lehih in fa qun ghs gnkga
taias fas iãhs in tu vlih. Ns safa qun hgarh fa ghrès cès inflmnrhihcnet
inflmnrhihcnetnn
y kae cukga cès painr. Yaia fa qun enknslths ns
tnenr fh phklneklh y fh intnrclehklûe
intnrclehklûe in kaetleuhr h trhvìs in fas
amstèkufas, nspnklhfcnetn
nspnklhfcnetn ne fhs prlcnrhs nthphs kuheia punin
p unin phrnknr
qun nstès iheia vunfths.

Hquã ghy hfdueas kaesnjas `lehfns phrh kacnezhr:

• Rhrh hfduehs pnrsaehs, hyuih h knrrhr fas ajas hf vlsuhflzhr. Letìethfa

`unrh par tl clsca. [l knrrhr fas ajas tn pnrcltn mfaqunhr 
nstãcufas nxtnreas cès y sn knetrhe ne su nsthia letnrea, dnelhf. Rnra
Ynedh ne kuneth
ilstrhãias qunfas
sl klnrrhe eaajas,
ns uehsã
rnqulslta. Hfduehs
qun hvnrlduh quìpnrsaehs
`ueklaehamtlnene
phrh tl. cès
• Ajas knrrhias a ea, ns lcparthetn ea ghknr nsths prèktlkhs clnetrhs
nstès kaeiuklneia a ne hfdueh atrh sltuhklûe qun nxldn tu pfneh
htneklûe. Nf painr in fh htneklûe thcmlìe sn rn`lnrn h shmnr kuèeia tachr 
Kuãihtn. Ea ghdh nsths prèktlkhs ne eledúe nsknehrla ne nf qun
enknslth nsthr hfnrth h su netarea nxtnrea.
• Kuheia qulnrhs ghknr ueh in nsths prèktlkhs cèdlkhs, nekunetrh ue
cacneta
y fudhr iaein ea tn letnrrucplrèe el cafnsthrès. Paftnh tu
tnfì`aea hphdhia. Ea ghy ehih the lrrlthetn kaca nsthr ne nf cnila
inf
takh]ltuhf in instlnrra
fh punrth phrh vnr cnear, parghklneia.
quì nstès njncpfa,[ly tnenr h hfdulne
ghy hfdulne knrkh,
gèdhfns shmnr qun nsthrè akuphia par ue tlncpa. ^eh vnz qun ghyhs
kacnezhia
 praknsa in ueh in nsths prèktlkhs,
prèktlkhs, ns lcparthetn
lcparthetn kacpfnthr fa qun
nstès ghklneia.
• Yacn eaths samrn sus nxpnrlneklhs, hmrh su karhzûe y su cnetn,
ils`rutn
ustni clsca, y vnh fa qun phsh!
Rhdn >;
 

Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf Ohchnf

Rèdleh >9

RH]YN LLL
R]ÈKYLKH[ @^EIHCNEYHFN[
IN
CHDLH
Rèdleh >>
 

^EH
82
R]ÈKYLKH[ IN PH]LHKLAEN[ INF
K^H]YA
]N[RL]HKLÛE
Kaca cneklaeì hetnrlarcnetn, ns lcparthetn netneinr qun nsthcas
letnrkhcmlheia nenrdãh taia nf tlncpa. Nsta suknin in vhrlhs chenrhs
il`nrnetns, pnra
Fh `arch cès lcparthetn ne qun tachcas nenrdãh ns h trhvìs in fh
rnsplrhklûe. [n punin lr 
snchehs sle kaclih, safa ueas iãhs sle hduh, pnra safa ue phr in
cleutas
sle hlrn Khih vnz qun su kunrpa leghfh a nxghfh ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf, su
nf slstnch in nenrdãh nstè ghklneia fa clsca ne nf elvnf ntìrlka, safa qun
nstè trhyneia
nenrdãh ne fudhr in axãdnea. Eunstrh rnsplrhklûe punin hyuihreas h
hflenhreas kae
il`nrnetns karrlnetns
karrlnetns in nenrdãh nxtnreh, y thcmlìe hyuih h trhnr eunstrhs
nenrdãhs letnrehs
ne ue nsthia in nqulflmrla
Fas chdas y cãstlkas h fa fhrda in fh glstarlh
 phrh g lstarlh ghe rnhflzhia cìtaias
hpravnkgheia nf painr h trhvìs inf praknsa in rnsplrhklûe. Yu prlcnrh
 prèktlkh prlchrlh
prlchrlh
y ueh qun vafvnrè ueh y atrh vnz, ns ueh tìkelkh hetlduh
instlehia h utlflzhr fh rnsplrhklûe h su cèxlca patneklhf: fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn.
^shrès cukga nf Hflneta Kuèirupfn ne tu prèktlkh in chdlh. @lehfcnetn,
fh vnrslûe qun inskrlma hquã tachrè ueh `arch úelkh inpneilneia in fh
tuyh
Nxpnrlneklhs y inskumrlclnetas. Kae nf tlncpa, prhktlkhr fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn
 

fn pnrcltn kacprneinr cnjar kûca `ueklaeh fh nenrdãh, y phrnkn qun ea

ghy
@le in fa qun punins hprneinr. Inspuìs in phrtlklphr ne nsth prèktlkh
iurhetn cès in vnletn
høas, inskumra hfda eunva taia nf tlncpa.
R]ÈKYLKH ¿ FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE:
]ÈRLIH
PN][LÛE
Rhdn >0
Hetns in prnsnethr hfduehs in fhs hpflkhklaens in rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn
cès hvhezhihs, hquã ghy
^e slcpfn insdfasn in kûca `ueklaeh fh prèktlkh. Runins vnr in
lecnilhta par quì ns
ffhchia "kuèirupfn": 8. Leghfn clnetrhs kuneth ghsth kuhtra.
=. Hduhetn fh rnsplrhklûe par ue kaetna in kuhtra.
;. Nxghfn
9. par(hetns
 [astnedh ue kaetna in kuhtra.
in leghfhr eunvhcnetn) clnetrhs kuneth ghsth kuhtra.
>. ]nplth.
[afa phrh kacnezhr, prunmn nsth vnrslûe vhrlhs vnkns y prnstn htneklûe h
fa qun
suknin h su htneklûe y elvnf in nenrdãh clnetrhs fa ghkn.
H cnilih qun tn vunfvns cès gèmlf ghklneia chdlh, punins nekaetrhr
qun atras
Fh vhrlhetn in fh prèktlkh in fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn `ueklaeh cnjar
 phrh ustni. Rrunmh nsth vnrslûe phrh
ue rhta y vnr kûca sn inshrraffh. Kaca sudnrã ne atrh phrtn, ne fudhr in
kaethr 
kuhtra phrh khih phsa, ns paslmfn qun snh cnjar kaethr ghsth ias. Kaca
nf tlncpa phsh, fa inskumrlrès par tl clsca, pnra ghsth qun tn vunfvhs
cès
`hclflhrlzhia
`hclflhrlzhia kae fh chdlh, usn nf cìtaia kuèirupfn.
Mlne, sl ghs pramhia nsth `arch mèslkh inf Hflneta Kuèirupfn, tach
Nf sldulnetn phsa: fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn kae vlsuhflzhklûe.
R]ÈKYLKH ¿ FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE
KAE
PL[^HFLZHKLÛE
[ldh nf clsca ]nkunrih:
vlsuhflzhklûe. phtrûe qun hetns, pnra hgarh hdrndun
 

fh vlsuhflzhklûe punin tachr cukghs `archs il`nrnetns, y kae sunrtn

hgarh
inskumrlû kuèf `ueklaeh cnjar phrh ustni. Rhrh cukghs pnrsaehs, hyuih
slcpfncnetn
lchdleh nenrdãh ne `arch in fuz mrlffhetn.
8. Leghfn clnetrhs kuneth ghsth kuhtra, tlrheia in nenrdãh.
>4
=. Hduhetn fh rnsplrhklûe par ue kaetna in kuhtra.
;. Nxghfn par ue kaetna in kuhtra, flmnrheia fh nenrdãh.
9. [astnedh (hetns in leghfhr eunvhcnetn) clnetrhs kuneth ghsth kuhtra.
>. ]nplth.
Nsth ns fh tìkelkh trhilklaehf qun prlcnra sn nesnøh h fas nstuilhetns. In
eunva, pruìmhfa par 
clnetrhs vncas kûca sn inshrraffh phrh tl. Kae nf tlncpa, hftnrì fh
 prèktlkh in thf
thf chenrh qun
nxtrhnr nenrdãh clnetrhs leghfh, flmnrhr fh nenrdãh clnetrhs hduheta fh
rnsplrhklûe, y
netaekns vlsuhflza fh nenrdãh khih vnz cès mrlffhetn clnetrhs
nxghfa. Inskumrlrès
fa qun `ueklaeh phrh ustni kae tlncpa, prèktlkh y phklneklh, pnra ns
cnjar kacnezhr kae
Nsth vnrslûe.
Hf trhmhjhr kae fh rnsplrhklûe in nsth chenrh, ne rnhflihi nstès
hprneilneia
Yìkelkhs `ueihcnethfns phrh ihr `arch h fh nenrdãh. Ghs nsthia
rnsplrheia par kacpfnta
vlih, pnra hgarh hprneinrè h ghknrfa in ueh chenrh qun fadrn ue
 prapûslta nspnkã`lka:
nspnkã`lka:
chelpufh y hpflkh nenrdãh, fh tuyh y fh qun nxtrhns in atras
`unetns. ^eh hpflkhklûe nspnkã`lkh qun hprneinrè cès hinfhetn ns khrdhr
ue
amjnta (par njncpfa, ue thflscèe) phrh htrhnr fh nenrdãh inf hcar, fh
 praspnrlihi,
a phz [le ncmhrda, hetns in qun punihs prhktlkhr chdlh ne nsn elvnf,
inmns
nsthr kacpfnthcnetn `hclflhrlzhia kae nstas njnrklklas `ueihcnethfns.
Hgarh qun gh pramhia fas phsas letraiuktarlas in fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn, ns garh
 phrh hprneinr samrn
samrn fhs hpflkhklaens
hpflkhklaens fuehrns y safhrns.
safhrns. Lestrukklaens
inthffhihs phrh khih
 

 prhktlkh h kaetleuhklûe,
kaetleuhklûe, pnra hquã
hquã ghy ueh mrnvn nxpflkhklûe hetns in
kacnezhr h prhktlkhr 
 phrh hprneinr cès
cès samrn in quì sn trhthe nsths
nsths hpflkhklaens.
Fh rnsplrhklûe fuehr kuèirupfn tn hyuihrè h hflenhrtn kae fhs nenrdãhs
`ncnelehs in
nf uelvnrsa, par njncpfa, inspnrthrè su slstnch in duãh nsplrltuhf y
Hucneth tu letulklûe psãqulkh. Nf Yhrat ns ue tnch inchslhia vhsta phrh
hmhrkhr cukga
inthffn ne nstn flmra (huequn ghmfhrì cès samrn nsa cès hinfhetn), pnra sl
nstè `hclflhrlzhia
kae nf Yhrat, netaekns snøhfhrì qun fh hpflkhklûe fuehr tn trhnrè
kaethkta cès knrkhea kae fhs nenrdãhs rnprnsnethihs par fh khrth in
[uch [hknriatlsh. fas
Fh ]nsplrhklûe [afhr Kuèirupfn, par atra fhia, tn hflenhrè kae fa
chskuflea
nenrdãhs inf uelvnrsa (rnprnsnethihs par fh khrth inf [af ne nf
Yhrat). Nsth `arch in
fh prèktlkhykuèirupfn nstè instlehih h hucnethr su vlthflihi, kae`lhezh ne
sã clsca
`acnethr fh hutah`lrchklûe
hutah`lrchklûe
>7
Ns cnjar prhktlkhr fhs hpflkhklaens safhrns y fuehrns ne ue cacneta
nspnkã`lka.
khih iãh. Linhfcnetn, sn kaevlnrtne
kaevlnrtne ne phrtn in su rutleh ilhrlh. ya
sudlnra
kacnezheia ghklneia khih ueh in nsths prèktlkhs ueh vnz hf iãh iurhetn
ueh sncheh
iurhetn hf cneas kleka cleutas par snslûe. [l tlnens cès tlncpa, nsa ns
 munea. [lìethsn flmrn
flmrn in kaetleuhr clnetrhs ils`rutn
ils`rutn inf
 praknsa. \ hf lduhf
lduhf qun kae su kunrpa
kunrpa `ãslka, fas
fas rnsufthias inpneine
inpneine in
kûca
inilkh cukga tlncpa y htneklûe h nsths hpflkhklaens, pnra
hsndúrnsn in ihrfns fh clsch khetlihi in tlncpa. Nsta hsndurhrè
qun sus nenrdãhs safhrns y fuehrns nstèe ne nqulflmrla.
Nsth ns ueh prèktlkh qun punins ghknr `èklfcnetn ne púmflka, hsã qun tn
helca h qun prhktlquns
kuheia punihs H cneuia ghda fhs kuhtra rnsplrhklaens safhrns y fuehrns
kuheia nstay ne
nf cntra. Eunvh \aro ns ueh kluihi in ghmlthetns in túenfns, h vnkns
 phrnkn qun nstay
nstay
 phshr fh clthi
clthi in cl tlncpa
tlncpa vlhjheia in ue fudhr
fudhr h atra mhja
mhja tlnrrh.
 

Nf fhia pasltlva in nsa ns qun tneda cukga tlncpa phrh

 prhktlkhr. Huequn
Huequn ns linhf phrh
phrh
 painr rnsnrvhr ue cacneta y ue ffudhr
udhr nspnklhfns phrh
phrh prhktlkhr chdlh,
chdlh,
qulnra
ne`htlkn qun ea inmn nspnrhr phrh prhktlkhr ghsth qun fhs klrkuestheklhs
snhe fhs karrnkths.
Fh sltuhklûe thf vnz euekh snh fh karrnkth, y phrtn in snr chda ns
hprneinr 
kûca hihpthrsn h su netarea y inspfndhr chdlh ne fa qun snh
klrkuestheklh tn nekunetrhs h tl clsca. [l nstè htrhphia ne nf trè`lka,
nspnrh ne nf kaesuftarla in ue cìilka.
a`lkleh, a tacheia tu iukgh chtutleh, phsh ueas cleutas prhktlkheia
Hflneta kuèirupfn safhr y fuehr. \ sl nf úelka fudhr ne tu khsh iaein
 punin hfnjhrsn
hfnjhrsn in taia nf cueia nnss ue hrchrla, funda ghknr qun su
su
hrchrla snh kûcaia,
y nskaeinrsn hffã clnetrhs prhktlkhs nsth `arch in rnsplrhklûe. Kuheta
cès ghkns
nsta, cèscès,
^eh vnz qun prhktlkhr fh chdlh
slncprn qun rnhflknsnkhih
kaevlnrtn
ueh innefhsuekuhtra
rn`fnja.
rnsplrhklaens
safhrns y fuehrns ne ue
in `arch nqulflmrhih iurhetn ueas cleutas khih iãh, ea lcparth kuèeta
tlncpa
kacpracntnrsn kae khih uea. Pay h prnsnethr ias vnrslaens in khih
njnrklkla, y fh prlcnrh.
ns ueh nxtneslûe in fh úftlch prèktlkh qun a`rnkã, safa qun nsth vnz
ffnehrès tu
kunrpa kae fh nenrdãh rnhf inf saf y fh fueh.
Hpflkhklûe safhr Nsthmh ne nf karrniar in fh
cunrtn fh prlcnrh vnz
kacnezû h ghknr fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn
safhr. Yrhmhjì cl
ghsth hpraxlchihcnetn ueh garh hf iãh in fh
prèktlkh, y ya
rèplihcnetn cn il kuneth in kuèeth nenrdãh
cn ila. par
Rhdn ><
 

njncpfa, pairãh karrnr iurhetn ueh garh cès a

cneas, karrlneia ne
fudhr ne cl knfih, ns inklr, y ea snetlrsn
hdathia ne hmsafuta. ya
nsthrãh kumlnrta in suiar, rnsplrheia kae
il`lkufthi, pnra taihvãh
Cn snetã rneavhia y ffnea.
Nf saf rnprnsneth fh `unetn in taih fh vlih ne eunstra pfhenth. Kuheia tn
ne`akhs ne
nf saf y fn inilkhs tu htneklûe, tn nstès hflenheia kae fh `unetn
in taih fh nenrdãh ne nstn cueia. Hf vlekufhr su kunrpa nenrdìtlka kae nf
inf saf
kunrpa in nenrdãh, tn vunfvns uea kae ìf, y nsta nvnetuhfcnetn tn
 pnrcltlrè paenr 
paenr 
trncneih nenrdãh ne tu chdlh. Fa clsca ns klnrta phrh fh fueh,
thcmlìe. Easatras
kacnezhr hflenèeiaeas kae nsths patnetns `unetns in nenrdãh nxtnreh,
easatras
`hclflhrlzhrsn
`hclflhrlzhrsn kae chdentlzhr su painr, y funda paincas phshr h
trhmhjheia kae nenrdãhs cès sutlfns. Rar njncpfa, ne ue cacneta ihrì
lestrukklaens phrh
kaenktheia kae fhs nsthklaens phrh hyuihrtn h hflhrtn kae fh nenrdãh
ehturhf
karrlnetns qun `fuyne h trhvìs in fh htcûs`nrh in fh Ylnrrh.
Clnetrhs cès prhktlquns, cès tn snetlrès rnvlthflzhia
rnvlthflzhia y ffnea.
in tu painr pnrsaehf.
Nf cnjar cacneta phrh prhktlkhr fh hpflkhklûe safhr in fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn ns kuheia
tn fnvheths par fh chøheh, kuheia nf saf nstè shflneia y nstè
Ratnetn y pura. [l punin, shfdh h nsth garh y slneth fas rhyas inf saf
tu plnf. [lnetn su khfar ne tu kunrpa y su fuz ne tu khrh clnetrhs sn
nxtlnein
su nenrdãh par taih fh tlnrrh. Linhfcnetn, tn kaevnrtlrès ne ue nxpnrta ne
nenrdãh safhr.
hpflkhklûe ne fh qun punins phrhrtn ne kacpfnth askurlihi, vlsuhflz
vlsuhflzhr
hr nf
saf
rhyas
inthffn.inPafvnrsn
fh chøheh ne su kunrpa, y slneth taihs nsths sneshklaens ne
 

`hclflhrãknsn kae nffas phrh qun snhe cès `èklfns in levakhr h cnilih
`hclflhrãknsn
qun hvhezh su chdlh.
Mlne, hgarh nstès flsta phrh pramhr fh hpflkhklûe safhr inf @aur`afi
]nsplrhklûe. Pay h prnsnethr ias `archs in ghknr nsta kae cès inthffn
qun fa qun glkn
hetns, pnra vnrès in lecnilhta qun fhs prèktlkhs qun glklstn hetns sae
nsneklhfcnetn
Nf eúkfna in nsths vnrslaens cès nxtneshs.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE [AFH] 

HRFLKHKLÛE: PN][LÛE 8
02

Hquã nstè fh8.prlcnrh

Kuèirupfn:  Cnetlr vnrslûe in fh hpflkhklûe safhr inf Hflneta
ne ue fudhr kûcaia iaein ea tn cafnstne. Yach ue phr in
cleutas phrh rnfhjhrsn. Injh qun tus cúskufas sn rnfhjne, flmnrheia taih
fh tneslûe qun
fhth. ^eh `arch útlf in ghknr nsta ns kacnezhr insin fas plns y hvhezhr
ghklh hrrlmh
kunrpa: rnfhjn fas inias in fas plns, funda fh phrtn supnrlar in fas plns,
funda fas tamlffas, fhs nsplelffhs, fhs phetarrlffhs,
railffhs, y hsã suknslvhcnetn. Yûcnsn su tlncpa y rnhfcnetn slneth fh
tneslûe qun hmheiaeh su kunrpa.
=.  Kuheiatnghyhs
clnetrhs rnfhjhia
vlsuhflzhs h tl taia
clscatu ffnea
kunrpa,
in leghfh kaetheia
fh nenrdãh iarhihghsth
in fhkuhtra
Iac. Yûcnsn su tlncpa y slneth fh fuz iarhih qun lcprndeh y
nxpheilìeiasn ne su kunrpa insin fh pfheth in fas plns ghsth fh phrtn
supnrlar in
tu khmnzh.
;. Kaetnedh fh rnsplrhklûe ghsth fh kuneth in kuhtra. [ldun lchdleheia
qun tu kunrpa
Nstè ffnea in fh mrlffhetn fuz inf saf.
9. Clnetrhs kuneth ghsth kuhtra y nxghfh, ncpujn fh fuz iarhih in su
kunrpa. [lnetn qun shfn in fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh, injh tu khrh y
 pnkga, y
cuìvntn in khih para in tu plnf. Plsuhflzh fh nenrdãh safhr 
injheia hfda neìrdlka, kaca sl tu kunrpa `unrh ueh vnjldh in hlrn dldhetn
 

a ue phr in `unffns.
>. Chetnedh fh kuneth in kuhtra. Lchdleh qun fh nenrdãh qun ghs
ncpujhia
insin tu kunrpa hgarh lrrhilh h trhvìs inf hurh qun tn rainh.
Rrnsth htneklûe h fh sneshklûe in nsthr rainhia in nsth nenrdãh safhr.
0. ]ndrnsn hf phsa = hetnrlar y kaetleún prhktlkheia fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn
kae nsth vlsuhflzhklûe phrtlkufhr iurhetn nf chyar tlncpa paslmfn. Ihtn
kuneth kûca
fh prèktlkh sn inshrraffh kuheta cès tlncpa tn kacpracnths kae nffh.
4. Kuheia tn slneths gnkga, hpfhuin ueh vnz, slìethtn fnethcnetn y
sldun tu iãh.
 Eathrèe qun tnrclea
tnrclea cukghs in nsths prèktlkh
prèktlkhss ilklìeiafns qun hpfhuihe
hpfhuihe
tus cheas. Fh sneshklûe `ãslkh in hpfhuilr ne kacmlehklûe kae
Rèdleh 08
nf saelia qun krnh tn invafvnrè h ue nsthia earchf in
kaeklneklh. Ns ueh snøhf
hyuihrfa h rndrnshr útlf phrh
in hfduehs su pslqun, letnrehs
nxpnrlneklhs y ueh snøhf qun
letneshs.
Yrhilklaehfcnetn,
Yrhilklaehfcnet n, inspuìs in hkucufhr fh khetlihi enknshrlh in
nenrdãh, fas chdas knrncaelhfns fa hrrajhe hf uelvnrsa phrh qun nf
fh nenrdãh fadrhrè fa qun `un pradrhchia phrh ghknr. Inspuìs
nsn phsa, ue chda plsh `unrtn su pln clnetrhs takh su inia ãeilkn
h sus fhmlas, fa qun sn kaeakn kaca fh "snøhf in slfnekla". Nf pueta in
nstn dnsta ns ffnvhr fh kaeklneklh in rndrnsa hf kunrpa y hfnjhrfh
in fh nenrdãh qun gh slia ilrldlih hf uelvnrsa. Kuheia ustni
vna h hfdulne ghklneia nstas dnstas, punin phrnknr ue paka nxtrhøa, hsã
qun
qunrãh pneshr ne hfda cneas eathmfn.
Nf dnsta ea ns the lcparthetn kaca fh snøhf ne sã. Kuheia hpfhuins
sus cheas, snphe qun nstèe nevlheia ue cneshjn h su pslqun phrh
khcmlhr caias in kaeklneklh.
Kuheta cès ghdhs nsth prèktlkh, cès tn snetlrès rnvlthflzhia y ffnea in tu
 painr pnrsaehf Hincès,
Hincès, fh rnsplrhklûe
rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn safhr
safhr ns ue patnetn
patnetn
flcplhiar. Rar 
Nxpufsheia kaesklnetncnetn
kaesklnetncnetn fh nenrdãh in su kunrpa in nsth chenrh,
thcmlìe nxpufsh
lcpurnzhs y racpnr kuhfqulnr mfaquna fnvn qun punih nsthr h`nktheia su
kunrpa nenrdìtlka
Fh prlcnrh vnrslûe inf Hflneta [afhr Kuèirupfn levafukrh fh lchdlehklûe
ne ue
`arch vlsuhf y tèktlf: hcmas nstèe vlneia y sletlneia `ãslkhcnetn nf saf
 

nenrdãh ne `arch in fuz iarhih. Nsta `ueklaeh cuy mlne phrh hfduehs
 pnrsaehs, pnra
atras sae ne su chyarãh vlsuhflzhiarns arlnethias
arlnethias h fh vlslûe. [l nrns nsn
tlpa in pnrsaeh,
Fh vnrslûe = pairãh `ueklaehr cnjar phrh ustni. Rrunmn ne hcmas
snetlias y vnh quì `ueklaeh cnjar.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿
FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE [AFH] 
HRFLKHKLÛE: PN][LÛE =
Hquã nstè fh sndueih vnrslûe in fh hpflkhklûe safhr inf Hflneta
Kuèirupfn:
8. Kaclnekn kaca fa glza hetns rnkastèeiasn y rnfhjheia su
kunrpa. Rhrh nsta
vnrslûe, sle ncmhrda, ea enknslth snr the cleuklasa. [afa nekunetrh ue
 mune
klnrrhfudhr,
fas ajas y injh lr fh tneslûe.
Rhdn 0=
=. Leghfn h fh kuneth in kuhtra. Clnetrhs leghfhs, vlsuhflzh fh shflih inf
saf.
insin nf garlzaetn Lchdleh qun hsklnein fnethcnetn ghklh nf klnfa ne
`rnetn
in tl.
;. Kunetn ghsth kuhtra clnetrhs hduheth fh rnsplrhklûe. Lchdleh nf saf hf
cnilaiãh. Nsa
sn nqulflmrh pnr`nkth y uel`arcncnetn,
uel`arcncnetn, mrlffheia samrn tl insin hrrlmh.
9. Hgarh nxghfn h fh kuneth in kuhtra, y vnh nf saf kacnezhr h
 paenrsn. Nsa
insklnein drhiuhfcnetn ne nf klnfa eakturea ghsth ffndhr hf garlzaetn y
fnethcnetn sn guein inmhja in ìf.
>. Chetnedh su nxghfhklûe. Clnetrhs kuneths ghsth kuhtra, lchdleh qun
nf klnfa nstè
kacpfnthcnetn askura Ns in eakgn y safa fhs nstrnffhs mrlffhe samrn tl
iìmlfcnetn
0. ]ndrnsn hf phsa = y rnplth fh prèktlkh taia nf tlncpa qun punih. In
eunva,
 prnstn htneklûe
htneklûe h fa qun suknin
suknin khih vnz y amsnrvn
amsnrvn kûca su
Fh vlsuhflzhklûe sn inshrraffh a khcmlh.
4. Kuheia tn slneths tnrclehia, hpfhuin y slìethtn fnethcnetn,
 

trheslklûe in rndrnsa h ue nsthia earchf in kaeklneklh.

Hpflkhklûe fuehr Kaca cneklaeì
hetnrlarcnetn, fuehr
fh nenrdãh nstè hsaklhih kae fhs phrtns
pra`ueihs y `ncnelehs
easatras clscas in
qun trhthcas kae fh letulklûe
y eas hknrkhcas
h fh ilvlelihi Fh prèktlkh in fh rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn fuehr tach
ghklh hinetra ne su praplh pslqun y slstnch in
nenrdãh.
Kae nf tlncpa, eathrè mnen`lklas phrtlkufhrns
in ghknr
Nsth prèktlkh rndufhrcnetn. Yhf vnz tus sunøas
fa ghrèe
vafvnrsn cès letnesa a pra`ìtlka, a thf vnz
slcpfncnetn tach cès kaeklneklh in fhs
ilvnrshs nenrdãhs
Rhdn 0;

prnsnetn kuheia
ghmlthklûe. Nstasnetrhs
n`nktasnesnkueihrlas
ueh
punin snr vhda hf prleklpla, pnra sl tn inilkhs
ustni clsca h fh hpflkhklûe fuehr, sn cavnrèe
cès hffè in fhs cnrhs lcprnslaens ne hfda cès
Ratnetn y útlf.
Hsã kaca ns cnjar prhktlkhr fh hpflkhklûe safhr par fh chøheh, fa ûptlca
Fh garh in ghknr fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn fuehr ns par fh eakgn, justa
hetns in hkasthrsn,
clnetrhs
chdlh fh fueh nstè krnklneia (krnklneia ne fueh ffneh). Yãplkhcnetn,
phrh
 

hucnethr  hfda
 hfda ne eunstrhs vlihs (praspnrlihi, rachekn, sndurlihi) nstè
gnkga
iurhetn fh `hsn fuehr kuheia fh nenrdãh in fh fueh nstè krnklneia. Rar atrh
 phrtn,
chdlh phrh ilscleulr  fh
 fh prnsneklh in hfda: pamrnzh, safnihi a
ne`nrcnihi
- [n rnhflzh kuheia fh fueh nstè cneduheia. Ynedh ne kuneth qun ne
rnhflihi ea
Ghy qun vnr fh fueh phrh phrtlklphr ne nsth prèktlkh. Húe punins ghknr
nsth cnilthklûe
y amtnenr cukgas mnen`lklas.
 Eathrès qun fhs
fhs ias vnrslaens fuehrns
fuehrns rn`fnjhe
rn`fnjhe fa qun prnsnetì
hetnrlarcnetn
kae rnspnkta h fh hpflkhklûe safhr inf Hflneta Kuèirupfn. Fh úelkh
il`nrneklh rnhf
Nsta ns fa qun vlsuhflzhrès clnetrhs prhktlk
prhktlkhs.
hs.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿
FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE F^EH] 
HRFLKHKLÛE: PN][LÛE 8
Hquã nstè fh prlcnrh vnrslûe in fh hpflkhklûe fuehr inf Hflneta
Kuèirupfn: 8. [afa
kaca fa glza ne fh hpflkhklûe safhr, hkuìstnsn ne ue fudhr prlvhia y
rnfhjn su
kunrpa. [unfth taih fh tneslûe ne taia tu kunrpa, kacnezheia par fas
inias in fas plns y
fnethcnetn sumlneia ghsth fh phrtn supnrlar in fh khmnzh.
=. Leghfn kaetheia ghsth kuhtra y vlsuhflkn qun su kunrpa sn nstè
ffneheia
kae fh gnrcash fuz pfhtnhih in fh fueh. ]nhfcnetn slnetn nsh nenrdãh
netrheia ne tu kunrpa y krnklneia inetra.
;. Kaetnedh fh rnsplrhklûe ghsth fh kuneth in kuhtra. [ldun lchdleheia
qun tu kunrpa
nstè ffnea in fuz pfhtnhih in fh fueh, y paetn ne kaethkta kae fa qun nsa
sn slnetn kaca.
Rèdleh 09
9. Clnetrhs nxghfhs h fh kuneth in kuhtra, ncpujh neìrdlkhcnetn fh fuz
in
 

tu kunrpa. [lnetn qun injh fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh, tu khrh y tu

 pnkga, y
`unrh in khih para in tu kunrpa. [astnedh h fh kuneth in kuhtra. Hgarh nf
Fh fuz pfhtnhih lcprndeh tu hurh y mrlffh. ±Kaca ns nsa1 Eath fh
sneshklaens ne inthffn.
>. Kaetleún y rnplth nstn klkfa ghsth ffndhr h ue pueta in
 phrhih. Hpfhuilr 
sus cheas, slìetnsn y kaetleún kae su iãh.
Hf lduhf qun kae nf hflneta safhr, fhs ias `archs in fh hpflkhklûe fuehr
ghmfhe kae
il`nrnetns pnrsaehs y rnsufthe ne il`nrnetns n`nktas. Fh sldulnetn vnrslûe
sn mhsh cès
ne sus ghmlflihins in vlsuhflzhklûe ilrldlih h fh vlsth y, phrh nsn `le, fa
rnkaclneia h
kuhfqulnrh qun insnn `arthfnknr nsn tlpa in ghmlflihi
lchdlehtlvh. Hilklaehfcnetn,
Hilklaehfcnetn,
Fh sldulnetn vnrslûe nstè instlehih h hktlvhr su kunrpa nenrdìtlka.
R]ÈKYLKH ¿ FH K^H]YH ]N[RL]HKLÛE
F^EH] 
HRFLKHKLÛE: PN][LÛE =
Hquã nstè fh sndueih vnrslûe in fh hpflkhklûe fuehr inf Hflneta
Kuèirupfn:
8. Klnrrh fas ajas y slìethtn a rnkuìsthtn ne slfnekla. Injh qun tu cnetn sn
hkfhrn. Ea
`arzhrfa hfnjheia fas pneshclnetas, safa injh qun suknih. Kuheta cès
cnilths, cès
ns cès `èklf ea injhrsn htrhphr par fas pneshclnetas y slcpfncnetn injhr 
qun vnedhe y
Phcas.
=. Ne nf aja in tu cnetn, clrh fh fueh ffneh h cnilih qun sn nfnvh insin
nf garlzaetn.
Ghdh nsta clnetrhs leghfh kaetheia ghsth kuhtra.
;. Clnetrhs hduheths fh rnsplrhklûe iurhetn nf kaetna in kuhtra, vlsuhflzh
fh fueh
kafdheia ne nf pueta cès hfta inf klnfa eakturea. Hrrajh su rnspfheiar,
fuz pfhtnhih samrn taia ne fh Ylnrrh insin hrrlmh in tl.
9. Nxghfn h fh kuneth in kuhtra. Clrh kaca fh fueh insklnein fnethcnetn
ghsth nf garlzaetn
Rèdleh 0>
 

>. Hduhetn fh rnsplrhklûe par ue kaetna in kuhtra. Fh fueh gh

inshphrnklia y nf
Nf klnfa nstè askura y ne mfheka.
0. Punfvh hf phsa = y rnplth nf phtrûe in vlsuhflzhklûe
vlsuhflzhklûe y rnsplrhklûe.
4. Kuheia qulnrhs kaekfulr tu snslûe, rnkunrih hpfhuilr 
cheas y slìetnsn suhvncnetn hetns in phshr h atrhs hktlvlihins.
Nsths prèktlkhs sn mhshe netrn sã y nstèe instlehihs h `hclflhrlzhrsn h
`aeia
ustni kae fhs ghmlflihins `ueihcnethfns enknshrlhs phrh phrtlklphr ne fa
cès kacpfnja
rltuhfns in hfth chdlh. Ns cnjar trhmhjhr kae fas njnrklklas in rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn
rndufhrcnetn,, ilhrlhcnetn, sl ns paslmfn, y phsn snchehs a cnsns
rndufhrcnetn
ghklìeiafa hetns
ghklh hinfhetn.
Yhcmlìe qulnra a`rnknr ueh hpflkhklûe cès in fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn,
ueh qun
sn mhshrè
tèktlf nevlsuhf
kaca fhs prèktlkhs hetnrlarns qun gh rnhflzhia qun lekfuyne theta
vlsuhflzhklaenss arlnethihs [le ncmhrda, nstn ns ue paka cès hvhezhia,
vlsuhflzhklaen
hsã qun hsndúrnsn
tnenr ueh mhsn sûflih ne nf trhmhja hetnrlar hetns in kaetleuhr.

Hpflkhklûe nsthklaehf Nsth `arch in ghknr nf

kuèirupfn
Fh rnsplrhklûe nstè ilsnøhih phrh paenrfa ne
kaethkta y
kacuelkhklûe kae fh nenrdãh in fh tlnrrh. Yaia
ne eunstrhs vlihs sn cunvn h trhvìs in klkfas y
nsthklaens, cukga
kaca fa ghkn fh Ylnrrh. Rar njncpfa, fh
chyarãh in fas fudhrns ne fh Ylnrrh
nxpnrlcnethr fhs `fuktuhklaens in prlchvnrh,
vnrhea, levlnrea,
 

y khn. Nxpnrlcnethcas nsths nsthklaens

letnrehcnetn, lekfusa
sl ea hphrnkne the praeueklhias kaca fa ghkne
ne nf
cueia nxtnrlar. Hue hsã, eunstras rltcas
letnreas kalekline
fas inf pfhenth, y taia samrn easatras
kanvafuklaehia
kae nf cueia ehturhf [acas phrtn letndrhetn
in fh
tlnrrh. Ea sacas snrns snphrhias qun vlvne
neklch in ue
dfama lehelchia Easatras clscas sacas
hspnktas in fh Ylnrrh
slstnch nenrdìtlka, leinpneilnetncnetn in
kuèe kaesklnetns snhcas in
Rèdleh 00

slstnch nenrdìtlka, leinpneilnetncnetn in

kuèe kaesklnetns snhcas in
nsa a ne quì
[l rnhfcnetn cnilih
qulnrns vlvlcas
prhktlkhr neinhrcaeãh
chdlh hfth ueh chenrhkae
qun ìf.
khcmln
tu rnhflihi y chel`nsthr tus insnas, prlcnra tlnens qun iaclehr
nf
fa nsneklhf.
Rhshrè par fh hpflkhklûe nsthklaehf in fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn kaca
fa glklstn hetns, pnra nsth vnz tn sucnrdlrès pra`ueihcnetn ne fhs
lcèdnens y sneshklaens
qun khih tncparhih nvakh. \ kaca iljn hetnrlarcnetn, vhcas h ushr
takhr y
vlsuhflzhklaenss rnfhklaehihs kae fh vlsth, hsã qun rnhfcnetn vhs h trhthr
vlsuhflzhklaen
in vnr y snetlr  nf
 nf
 

nsthklaens ne tu kunrpa. Yhcmlìe nsthrès rnkupnrheia rnkunrias, qun

 punine lekarparhr 
y cnzkfhr vhrlhs `archs in vlsuhflzhklûe h fh vnz.
H cnilih qun hvhezh ne fh prèktlkh in fh rnsplrhklûe kuèirupfn in nsth
chenrh nsthklaehf, rnfèjnsn
tu kunrpa theta kaca snh paslmfn. Kuheta cès fa ghdhs, cès pairès
 phshr in su kaeklneklh
kaeklneklh in vldlflh
vldlflh katlilheh h uuee nsthia hfda hftnrhia.
hftnrhia.
\ kuheta cès sn `hclflhrlkn kae nsn nsthia, cès painrash snrè su
Fh chdlh sn chel`nsthrè. Netaekns, hincès in nesnøhrtn kûca hflenhrtn
kae fh Ylnrrh
nenrdãh, nsths tìkelkhs slcpfns tn letraiuklrèe ne nf praknsa in hftnrhklûe
su kaeklneklh, in khnr ne ue nsthia qun ns il`nrnetn in su iãh h iãh
caia in vldlflh phrh kacuelkhrsn kae fh ilvlelihi ne kuhfqulnr `arch
qun
 pnrklmlrfa a netneinrfa.
netneinrfa. Ilas, Cnetn Ilvleh, fh @unetn, Phkãa, Htche,
 Nle
[a`, drhe nspãrltu . . . Ea lcparth kûca kaeklmhs fh ilvlelihi a hfda hsã.
"Chyar": nsths
Kaca hetns, eaprèktlkhs
ghy fãcltncnjarhrèe
ne kuhetasuhfkaenxlûe kaeinmns
tlncpa qun ìf. ghknr nf
@aur`afi [nhsaehf
]nsplrh, pnra hpueth hf cneas kleka cleutas hf iãh. Nsh ns ueh muneh
khetlihi in tlncpa phrh
 phrh ncpnzhr,
ncpnzhr, pnra prnslaeh ue paka kuheia snh paslmfn.
paslmfn. Hincès tn
rnkaclneia
 prhktlkheia par fa
fa cneas ue cns hetns in phshr h atras rltuhfn
rltuhfns.
s. Ynedh
ne kuneth
qun kuheta cès sn `hclflhrlkn kae nstas njnrklklas lelklhfns, nf
 prnflclehrns y fhs il`nrnetns
il`nrnetns vnrslaens pradrnslvhs
pradrnslvhs in fh rnsplrhklûe
rnsplrhklûe
kuèirupfn:
kuheta cès `èklfns y kagnrnetns snrèe fas rltuhfns kacpflkhias
 pastnrlarns. hgarh clsca nstay
trhtheia in hfnethrtn h kaestrulr ue eúkfna `unrtn. Khih tìkelkh ne nstn
flmra
sn mhsh ne nf úftlca, par fa qun ns cnjar tachrsn su tlncpa y rnsafvnr fas
 pramfnchs hetns
hetns
ghklh hinfhetn. [l rnhfcnetn qulnrns prhktlkhr chdlh hfth in ueh chenrh
qun khcmln
tu rnhflihi y chel`nsthr tus insnas, prlcnra inmns iaclehr fa mèslka.
Netaekns, ilkga nsta, ghdhcas fh prèktlkh rnhf in fh hpflkhklûe

nsthklaehf.
Rhdn 04
 

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

NF K^H]YA N[YHKLAEHF
HRFLKHKLÛE IN ]N[RL]HKLÛE
8. Kaca hetns,
hkasthrsn. Klnrrhnekunetrn
fas ajas, ue fudhr trhequlfa phrh snethrsn a
rnfèjhtn,
y tachr vhrlhs rnsplrhklaens fhrdhs, fneths n lekfusa fhrdhs.
=. Leghfn kaetheia ghsth kuhtra y vlsuhflkn fh prlchvnrh ne su cnetn y
kunrpa. Lchdãensn kuhfqulnr kash qun fn ghmfn praclenetncnetn in nsta
nsthklûe y kaekìetrhtn ne nsa clnetrhs leghfhs. ±Kûca sn slnetn nf hlrn
kuheia
shfns ne ue kèflia iãh in prlchvnrh1 ±Kûca sn slnetn fh glnrmh `rnskh1
inmhja in tus plns inskhfzas1 Gunfn fhs ilvnrshs pfheths y `farns ne
klnrens.
Fh prlchvnrh sldel`lkh kashs il`nrnetns phrh taias, hsã qun kaekìetrhtn
ne fa qun sldel`lkh
nspnkã`lkhcnetn
nspnkã`lkhcn etn phrh tl. ±Xuì tn vlnen h fh cnetn1 Khfch, ffuvlhs
hdrhihmfns1 fas
saelia in pèjhras khetheia ne fh chøheh1 Kuhfqulnr kash qun surjh,
lchdleh
the vãvlihcnetn kaca punihs.
;. Kaetnedh fh rnsplrhklûe ghsth fh kuneth in kuhtra, y vlsuhflkn
nf vnrhea . Lchdleh
nf saf ne fa hfta, hrilneia mrlffhetncnetn.
mrlffhetncnetn. [lnetn su khfar ne tu plnf y
amsnrvn kuèe painrash ns fh fuz iurhetn nsth tncparhih. Fas afarns sae
il`nrnetn iurhetn nf vnrhea, y tu kunrpa thcmlìe sn slnetn il`nrnetn. Yhf

vnz
rnkunrihs kuèeta suihs iurhetn nf vnrhea, nf `rnskar rn`rnskhetn
in hduh in chehetlhf a plsklehs, y thf vnz lekfusa ue pnentrhetn
snetlia in flmnrthi y aptlclsca. [nh fa qun snh, vlsuhfãzhfa the mlne
kaca
 punins iurhetn nf kaetna in kuhtra.
9. Hgarh, nxghfn y vnh nf klnfa in vnrhea khcmlhr in kafar h cnilih qun
sn inspfhzh ghklh nf
taeas lekae`ueilmfns in ataøa . Nf khfar sn insvhenkn y nf hlrn dlrh
krujlnetn. Fas èrmafns kaclnezhe h hinfdhzhrsn h cnilih qun sus gajhs
khcmlhe in vnrin h
hchrlffa, ehrhejh y raja. Rhrh cukgas in easatras, ataøa ns sleûelca in
Pãspnrh in Yaias fas [hetas. Xulzès rnkunrins fh ncaklûe in nfndlr ue
eunva
 

ils`rhz, a nf hrach in phslffas

p hslffas ffneas in cèskhrhs y ils`rhkns ne
supnrcnrkhias y drheins hfchknens, a nf shmar in fhs phstlffhs in
khrhcnfa y
kgakafhtn mhrhta Yhcmlìe punin rnkarihr kûca sn slnetn shkhr su
raph in ataøa: kûca gunfne inspuìs in nsthr theta tlncpa ne nf hrchrla,
y kuèe il`nrnetns sn slnetne ne tu plnf. Rnrcltn qun taia nsta suknih
Rèdleh 07
iurhetn fh kuneth in kuhtra.
>. Hgarh kaetnedh fh rnsplrhklûe. Kuneth ghsth kuhtra clnetrhs lchdlehs
nf levlnrea . fas
fas èrmafns hgarh sae rãdlias, sle gajhs kaca inias nsqunfìtlkas qun sn
nxtlneine ghklh
Nf klnfa drls. Ghy ue nskhfa`rãa ne nf hlrn qun sn cntn ne tus gunsas, y
nf hlrn sn slnetn hduia y kfhra ne tu pnkga. ]nkunrih kaca suneh
khclehr samrn fh glnrmh clnetrhs krujn kae nskhrkgh a glnfa,
g lnfa, y snetlr fa
qun
`un kaca sastnenr fh elnvn ne tu chea par cukga tlncpa. Rhrh hfduehs
 pnrsaehs,
levlnrea sldel`lkh snethrsn hfrniniar in ueh kglcnenh ne nf letnrlar,
 jueta kae taias fas
fas
afarns y atrhs sneshklaens qun insplnrthe. [l `unrhs ue eløa qun
knfnmrhih fh Ehvlihi, ±quì rnkunrias surdne iurhetn nsn tlncpa1
[nh fa qun snh qun surjh, ghz qun tu lchdlehklûe snh vãvlih y kfhrh.
0. Kuheia snh garh in leghfhr, rndrnsn hf phsa = y amsnrvn kaca nf
levlnrea
sn trhes`arch ne prlchvnrh. Nf khfar rndrnsh, nf cueia khcmlh y
Yaia nf klkfa kaclnezh in eunva. ^eh tncparhih `fuyn h fh sldulnetn
kaca
ehturhfcnetn kaca tu rnsplrhklûe
4. ]nhflzh fh rnsplrhklûe nsthklaehf kuèirupfn vhrlhs vnkns, theths vnkns
vnkns kaca punihs. Kuheia qulnrhs tnrclehr nf njnrklkla, hpfhuin
cheas y sndulr kae tu iãh kaca hetns.
H cnilih qun rnplth nsth prèktlkh nsthklaehf, ghdh taia fa paslmfn phrh
ea fukghr a ns`arzhrsn.
[lcpfncnetn rnfèjnsn
rnfèjnsn y pnrclth qun fas rnkunrias y fhs sneshklaens
surjhe ne su cnetn.
Yhf vnz surjhe fhs clschs lcèdnens y snetlclnetas khih vnz, a thf vnz
eunvhs
surdne rnkunrias y sn rnvnfhe. Pnh fa qun suknin ne nf trheskursa in
khih
 

klkfa y tacn eath in kûca sn inshrraffh su prèktlkh in ueh sncheh h fh

sldulnetn.
\ hsndúrnsn in snetlrsn kacpfnthcnetn hrrhldhia ne taihs nsths `archs
inf Kuèirupfn
]nsplrh hetns in sndulr hinfhetn.
H kaetleuhklûe, hprneinrè fas trns rltuhfns cès lcparthetns in fh Arine
Gnrcìtlkh.
inf hchenknr iarhia. [ae su prûxlca phsa ne nf khclea in fh hfth
chdlh, y
Fh sldulnetn prèktlkh, nf Rlfhr Cnila, nstè nspnklhfcnetn instlehih h
hyuihr 
iaclehs fas kaeknptas mèslkas in fh chelpufhklûe in fh
nenrdãh. Nspnkã`lkhcnetn, hprneinrès h
nenrdlzh tu hurh, kaetrafh fh klrkufhklûe in nenrdãh y nflcleh kuhfqulnr
 mfaquna
sn ghe hkucufhia ne tu kunrpa nenrdìtlka.

Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf [heihfpgae Rèdleh 0<

Rhdn 42

Y
LEYN]F^ILA
HFD^EH GL[YA]LH IN FH CHDLH
hquã ea ghy ueh safh plnzh in kaeaklclneta a le`archklûe ne nf uelvnrsa
qun ue chda ea punin ushr in ueh `arch u atrh. Kuheia nsthmh ne nf
karrniar in fh cunrtn, ya
nstuilû cukga samrn glstarlh, nspnklhfcnetn fh glstarlh in fh chdlh.
Fas gucheas kacnezhrae h prhktlkhr chdlh the praeta kaca
inshrraffhrae fh `hkufthi in
lchdlehklûe, qun fns pnrcltlû rnkarihr nxpnrlneklhs phshihs y praynkthr
sus
Cnetns ghklh nf `utura. Runins vnr nsth ghmlflihi kfhrhcnetn ne nf
trhmhja ne fh prnglstarlh
 

 pleturhs rupnstrns
rupnstrns qun rnprnsnethe
rnprnsnethe fh rnfhklûe
rnfhklûe letnrinpneilnetn in fhs
 pnrsaehs tncprhehs
tncprhehs y nf
helchfns qun khzhmhe phrh sustneta. Nstn ns ue njncpfa in chdlh
slcpètlkh
- Krnhr ue nefhkn netrn ue amjnta y ue rnsufthia insnhia. Ns slclfhr h fh
`arch ne qun `ueklaeh ueh cuønkh vuiú (munea, hf cneas fh vnrslûe in
Gaffywaai in ueh): ustni
`archr ueh kaenxlûe nenrdìtlkh netrn fh cuønkh y ueh pnrsaeh rnhf y
vlvh, y funda
ilrldns nenrdãh h fh cuønkh phrh h`nkthr h nsh pnrsaeh. Netaekns fhs
 prlcnrhs `archs
`archs
in chdlh qun kaeakncas `ueklaeû hfda kaca nsta. Dnetn prnglstûrlkh
 plethih
nsknehs ne fhs phrnins in fhs kunvhs phrh ghknr nsas nefhkns y kae sunrtn
in`neinrsn
lehelklûe iurhetn fas levlnreas fhrdas y `rãas.
H cnilih qun sn inshrraffhrae fhs saklnihins prlcltlvhs, fhs pnrsaehs
kacnezhrae h nspnklhflzhrsn ne rafns, y
Nf phpnf cès rnfnvhetn phrh nstn tnch, par supunsta, ns nf in chda,
kghcèe a
cnilkleh gacmrn y cujnr. Nsths pnrsaehs h cneuia vlvãhe snphrhihs inf
rnsta in fas
trlmu, safa vlslthih par atras ne tlncpas in enknslihi. @unrae
`ueihcnethfcnetn
"Atra", sle ncmhrda, ueh phrtn enknshrlh inf drupa, par fa qun vlvãhe hf
chrdne, vlstas
kae ueh cnzkfh in rnvnrneklh y saspnkgh. Fas chdas slncprn ghe vlvlia
hf fãcltn
-trhilklaehfns.
Ne hfdúe fudhr `unrh inf hfkhekn in fas vhfarns y krnneklhs
H cnilih qun fhs rnfldlaens iaclehetns sumlnrae hf painr, ne drhe
cnilih phrh sumyudhr y kaetrafhr 
kluihiheas: kacnezhrae h vnr h fas chdas kaca lecarhfns y
 pnfldrasas. fas
fas chdas cès h`artuehias `unrae kaeinehias hf astrhklsca a sn
nskaeilnrae? fas cneas h`artuehias `unrae
Rhdn 48
qunchia ne fh gadunrh a tarturhia ghsth fh cunrtn in hfdueh atrh
chenrh garrlmfn phrh nevlhr ue kfhra
cneshjn h kuhfqulnrh qun taihvãh punih nsthr prhktlkheia
chdlh. Nstrukturhs jnrèrqulkhs
 

ea punine tafnrhr fa qun ea punine damnrehr. Fh chdlh ns pnfldrash

p nfldrash
 parqun sn trhth
trhth in
hutancpainrhclneta,
hutancpainrhcl neta, ne apaslklûe h fh hignslûe h ueh krnneklh rãdlih y
 prnintnrclehih
 prnintnrcleh ih
nstrukturhs Netaekns, hf cneas ne Akklinetn, fas prhktlkhetns in chdlh
`unrae pnrsndulias par 
klnetas in høas.
@lehfcnetn, fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh inf Hchenknr Iarhia sn `arcû h `lens
inf sldfa WLW.
ne Faeirns. [n ne`akhrae ne vhrlhs prèktlkhs akufths, chdlh tnúrdlkh y
cnilas hftnrehtlvas in inshrraffa nsplrltuhf.
nsplrltuhf. Fh
F h Arine atardû nf clsca
nsthtus h fas gacmrns.
y cujnrns, n lekfuynrae hfduehs in fhs cnetns cès mrlffhetns in fh ìpakh,
lekfulih T.
M. \nhts, Rhcnfh Kafche [cltg y Hfnlstnr Krawfny: ueh `ldurh
kaetravnrtlih
ueh vnz eacmrhia "nf gacmrn cès chfvhia inf cueia" par fas
 pnrlûilkas ledfnsns.
ledfnsns. Nsths
fhs pnrsaehs pra`ueilzhrae ne nf gleiulsca, nf thaãsca, fhs prlcnrhs
rnfldlaens ndlpklhs y vhrlas
Yrhilklaens in clstnrla akklinethfns, y rnuelnrae fhs prèktlkhs knetrhfns
ne ue trhmhja
slstnch in chdlh.
Fh arine gnrcìtlkh inf hchenknr iarhia nrh ne rnhflihi trns ûrinens
ilstleths
inmhja in ueh phekhrth, ardhelzhih kaca kãrkufas kaekìetrlkas. Nf
 prlcnr kãrkufa
kãrkufa
fh Arine Nxtnrlar - nrh phrh nstuilhetns prleklplhetns
prleklplhetns qun sn supaeãh qun
inmãhe iaclehr 
njnrklklas y rltuhfns mèslkas (par njncpfa, fh prûxlch prèktlkh ne nstn
flmra: nf
Rlfhr cnila). Nf sndueia kãrkufa, nf arine letnrea, `un safa par
levlthklûe.
Fh Arine Letnreh slrvlû kaca duãh phrh hqunffas ne fh Arine Nxtnreh, y
sl sae prleklplhetns
ne nf úftlca drupa castrhrae inilkhklûe y pracnsh, `unrae ffnvhias hf
Arine letnrea, iaein hprneilnrae `archs hvhezhihs in chdlh
 prèktlkh. ilrì
Cès samrn nf tnrknr kãrkufa h kaetleuhklûe. Kuheia fas clncmras
arldlehfns in
Hchenknr fh Dafine
ilsunfta, fh chyarãh in fhs prèktlkhs in fh Arine Letnrlar sn
ghmrãhe pnrilia
 

sl ea `unrh par Lsrhnf ]ndhriln, nf snkrnthrla pnrsaehf in Hfnlstnr

Krawfny.
]ndhriln `un ne kaetrh in fhs rndfhs in fh Arine y pumflkû fhs prèktlkhs y
rltuhfns Ghsth nf iãh in gay, nstas flmras euekh sn ghe hdathia. ]ndhriln
nrh ue
in`nesar hkìrrlca inf Rlfhr Cnila y nf ]ltuhf in Instnrra Cnear
(thcmlìe
sumlneia), y ilja qun safa ghklneia
g hklneia nsths ias prèktlkhs taias fas iãhs
iurhetn ue høa
snrãh the munea kaca snr lelklhia ne nf Arine Letnrlar. Inspuìs in nsn
 pnrãaia in
tlncpa, fas knetras in nenrdãh in uea sn inspnrthrãhe fa su`lklnetn kaca
 phrh qun fh chdlh
chdlh clsch
snrvlr kaca chnstra in uea. Rar nxpnrlneklh pnrsaehf, punia inklr qun
nsta ns klnrta. H
ne hfdúe cacneta, kacnekì h pnrklmlr ueh letnfldneklh supnrlar
dnetlfcnetn ncpujèeiacn ghklh
eunvas inskumrlclnetas, cail`lkhklaens y tìkelkhs.
Nf tnrknr kãrkufa cès ãetlca in fh Arine kaeslstãh ne "jn`ns snkrntas" qun
ghmãh kacpfnthia nf drhe trhmhja in fh chdlh: fh lecarthflihi
nsplrltuhf. Nstas snrns
Rhdn 4=
ghe trhskneilia fh enknslihi in nekhrehklûe ne nf ècmlta `ãslka y
inilkhr 
su hktlvlihi phrh fh flmnrhklûe in atras prhktlkhetns (hfda hsã kaca
 maiglshttvhs
in hfduehs trhilklaens muilsths). Rhrh fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs, nsta
suneh kaca `hethsãh a
nedhøa. [le ncmhrda, sl ffndhs fa su`lklnetncnetn
su`lklnetncnetn fnjas ne nf khclea in
fh chdlh,
kaclnezhe h snetlrsn dulhias in fh chenrh qun inskrlmã hetnrlarcnetn,
hetnrlarcnetn, y
fh eaklûe in nstas nvafuklaeû
fas snrns ea phrnkne the inskhmnffhias. Netrn atrhs kashs, hktúhe kaca
fukns ne nf
ilstheklh qun kaesthetncnetn ffhch y eas duãh ghklh hinfhetn.
Rhdn 4;
 

Y
88
NF RLFH] CNILA
su khpãtufa nstè inilkhia h uea in fas rltuhfns cès lcparthetns
 prhktlkhias
 par fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh
hetnrlar 
Gnrcìtlkh inf Hchenknr Iarhia.
Iarhia. Kaca cneklaeì ne nf

letnrfuila, sn nspnrhmh qun fas prleklplhetns in fh Arine Nxtnrlar sn

inilkhrhe h
nf Rlfhr Cnila hetns in phshr h `archs cès hvhezhihs in chdlh prèktlkh.
Fas hprneilkns `unrae lestrulias phrh prhktlkhr nf Rlfhr Cnila (hsã kaca
nf Cnear 
]ltuhf in instlnrra) hf cneas ueh vnz hf iãh phrh iaclehr fas kaeknptas
 mèslkas in nenrdãh
nenrdãh
chelpufhklûe: nf vnrihinra karhzûe y hfch in fh chdlh prèktlkh.
Hf prleklpla, nstas njnrklklas punine phrnknr inchslhia kacpflkhias y
inshfnethiarns. Nsa ns
earchf. Kae ue paka in prèktlkh, sle ncmhrda, nf Rlfhr Cnila sn
kaevnrtlrè ne sndueia
ehturhfnzh phrh tl, y netneinrès kuèe slcpfn ns rnhfcnetn fh chdlh. ^ea
in fas
Fas prleklphfns rnsufthias in prhktlkhr nf Rlfhr Cnila ns qun tn ihs
kuneth h trhvìs in
nxpnrlneklh in prlcnrh chea in qun fh nenrdãh eas rainh n letnrpnentrh h
taias. Rrlcnra tú
hprnein h intnkthr nsth nenrdãh, funda hprnein kûca le`fulr ne nffh phrh
trhnr 
samrn nf khcmla
Kuheth cès nenrdãh paihcas khehflzhr, cès painrash snrè
eunstrh chdlh.
Nf Rlfhr Cnila tn nesnøhrè kûca `arthfnknr y rnphrhr tu hurh.
Kuheia fh chyarãh in fh dnetn plnesh ne fh phfhmrh hurh , lchdlehe ueh
`arch in gunva nstètlkh
 

Ns`nrh in nenrdãh kafarnhih qun rainh nf kunrpa. Kaetrhrlhcnetn h nsth

lchdne, nf hurh ns
kaesthetncnetn khcmlheia,
khcmlheia, cavlìeiasn y `fuyneia. Nstn praknsa
ileèclka nstè intnrclehia.
ne drhe phrtn par fas knetras in nenrdãh ne eunstras kunrpas. Ns paslmfn
qun nstì `hclflhrlzhia kae nf
slstnch in kghorh in hfduehs trhilklaens arlnethfns, y fh vnrslûe qun
 prnsneta hquã ns
ns
slclfhr h nsa, pnra ue paka il`nrnetn. Rar njncpfa, safa ghy kleka
nenrdãhs
knetras ne nstn slstnch (h il`nrneklh in fas slntn trhilklaehfns
trhilklaehfns),
), y
kaeffnvhe
il`nrnetns umlkhklaens, kafarns y chetrhs.
Rhdn 49
 Ea sn amsnslaen inchslhia kae fh
fh prnsnethklûe in fas slstnchs iinn
nenrdãh.
il`nrnetncnetn.
il`nrnetncnet
 parqun n.netns
Eledúe
fhs il`nrnetns
il`nr slstnchs ns
trhilklaens
trhilklaen "karrnkta"
tlnene ne ue `lens
sus praplas
praplas snetlia
y prlcarilhf,
 prapûsltas. ^ea
il`nrneklh prleklphf netrn fh chdlh akklinethf y fhs trhilklaens arlnethfns
lcpflkh nf amjntlva `lehf inf khclea. Fh chyarãh in fhs trhilklaens
arlnethfns sn ns`unrzhe
 par hfdueh `arch in flmnrhklûe in fh ]unih in fh Plih y fh CunCunrtn,
rtn,
clnetrhs qun fas chdas ne Akklinetn ea nstèe the letnrnshias ne nskhphr 
inf
iaclela `ãslka kaca fa sae phrh iaclehrfa,
i aclehrfa, phrh painr cavnrsn
y `unrh in khih hspnkta in fh rnhflihi h vafuethi. Hfdueas slstnchs vne

nsta
ghmlflihi kaca amjntlva prleklphf, y hfdueas fa vne kaca ue n`nkta
snkueihrla in
lfuclehklûe `lehf. [afa nstay ghklneia fh ilstleklûe hquã phrh tnenr ne
kuneth
 par quì fh sldulnetn
sldulnetn prnsnethklûe
prnsnethklûe inf kunrpa nenr
nenrdìtlka
dìtlka punin il`n
il`nrlr 
rlr 
in fa qun ghs hprneilia hetns.
Fas chdas ghe nsthia utlflzheia tìkelkhs slclfhrns hf Rlfhr Cnila
iurhetn clfns.
in høas. Nsth prèktlkh phrtlkufhr atardh taias fas mnen`lklas nspnrhias in
cnilthklûe hincès in hucnethr eunstrh nenrdãh ilvleh y cnjarhr fh
shfui
y vlthflihi in eunstra kunrpa `ãslka. Hincès, inshrraffh eunstras painrns
in
 

kaeknetrhklûe ne fh cnilih ne qun paihcas nxtneinr eunstrh kaeklneklh

cès hffè
Nf pfhea `ãslka. Fas chdas vne fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe kaca
 pnr`nkth, lcpnkhmfn.
lcpnkhmfn.
nenrdãh. Nsth nenrdãh ilvleh vlmrh h ueh vnfaklihi lekrnãmfnc
lekrnãmfncnetn
netn hfth, y
kuheta cès eas hfnjncas
fnjas in nffh, cès fneth vlmrh fh nenrdãh. Netaekns nf amjntlva hquã ns
hprneinr kûca
vlmrhr y ghknr klrkufhr eunstrh nenrdãh hf rltca cès hfta phrh ghknreas
cès mlne kaca fh `unetn in fh krnhklûe clsch. Kuheta chyar ns fh thsh
in vlmrhklûe, cès
nenrdãh ilvleh qun sacas khphkns in khehflzhr. \ kuheth cès nenrdãh
 paihcas
khehf, kuheta cès painrash snh eunstrh chdlh.
 Eunstras kunrpas
kunrpas tlnene cnrlilheas
cnrlilheas qun nevãhe y rnklmne nenrdãh. Fh
clthi
Rlffhr eas hyuih h hktlvhr, flcplhr y aptlclzhr nstas cnrlilheas phrh
ghknr eunstrh chdlh
cès painrasa y phrh nfnvhr eunstrh kaeklneklh. Rhrtn inf inkflvn in fhs
`hkufthins.
qun vlnen kae nf praknsa in nevnjnklclneta sn inmn h mfaqunas ne
eunstra slstnch nenrdìtlka, y
Hf prhktlkhr nf Rlfhr Cnila eas chetnencas cès vlthfns. Hincès,
easatras
nvnetuhfcnetn hfkhezh ue pueta ne nf kuhf fhs klrkuestheklhs nxtnrehs
(phrtlkufhrcnetn
(phrtlkufhrc netn fhs pnrsaehs)
ea intnrcleh eunstra nsthia in èelca, parqun hf `arthfnknr eunstra hurh,
ilscleulcas fh
lcphkta in fh nenrdãh in kuhfqulnr netarea ne nf qun eas nekaetrncas.
In nsth chenrh,
`arthfnknr eunstra khcpa in nenrdãh ns slclfhr h nstlcufhr eunstra
slstnch lecueafûdlka. Ih
atra elvnf hilklaehf in pratnkklûe h cnilih qun hvhezhcas par nf
cueia.
Kuheia ffndhs hf `lehf, rnhflzhr nf Rlfhr Cnila safa rnqulnrn
Rèdleh 4>
trns kashs: vlsuhflzhklûe, rnsplrhklûe
rnsplrhklûe y vlmrhklûe. \h ghs nsthia
hprneilneia y prhktlkheia fas ias prlcnras, hsã qun qulnra inklr ue paka
samrn fa qun
netneincas par "vlmrhklûe". Nsneklhfcnetn, ghy ue quì y kûca h nsth
 phrtn in fh
 

 prèktlkh. Ne kuheta
kuheta h fa qun vh, nsthrès vnrmhflzheia chetrhs qun
 pravlnene in
Gnmrna, thf kaca fa ghrès h kaetleuhklûe ne nf khpãtufa 8=8= kae
 kae fh
 prèktlkh in fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh.
Xhmhfãstlkh.
Yaihs nsths phfhmrhs a `rhsns sn rnfhklaehe kae il`nrnetns hspnktas in fh
ilvlelihi, pnra thcmlìe
[lrvn phrh rnkarihrtn ne nsth prèktlkh tu prapla arldne knfnstlhf, qun
ffnvhs
inetra in tl ueh kglsph in fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe. Rar
R ar njncpfa,
khih ueh in fhs khplthfns
Fhs fntrhs ne \GPG rnprnsnethe ueh in fhs fntrhs inf eacmrn \ngawhg,
a Jngavè.
Hquã ghy ueh trhiukklûe rèplih in fa qun sldel`lkhe fas chetrhs. (Fhs
 praeueklhklaens in fh
Fhs phfhmrhs gnmrnhs sn lekfuyne ne fhs lestrukklaens in prèktlkh inf
Rlfhr Cnila.) Ngnlng: L 
[ay \GPG (\ngawhg) Nfaglc: Nf [nøar Ilas \GPG (\ngawhg) Nfahg
Ph
Ihhtg: inf kaeaklclneta y fh shmliurãh [ghiihl Nf Kghl: Nf
Yaiapainrasa Hiaehl Gh
Hrntz: [nøar in fh Ylnrrh Hf ghknr vlmrhr nsths phfhmrhs, rnkunrihs fhs
 phrtns cès pra`ueihs
pra`ueihs
in tu pslqun qun ffnvhs nf HIE nsplrltuhf inf krnhiar inf uelvnrsa.
Nrns fltnrhfcnetn Ilas, huequn nevhlehia ne khren. Netaekns, ne nsth
 prèktlkh, kuheia
kuheia nstès
leueièeiatn kae nenrdãh ilvleh, thcmlìe nstès prakfhcheia h taihs fhs
ilcneslaens
inf uelvnrsa: \a say nf [nøar Ilas inf kaeaklclneta y fh shmliurãh, nf
Yaiapainrasa
[nøar in fh tlnrrh!
Nf kûca phrtn in fh vlmrhklûe ns mhsthetn sneklffa. Pnrmhflkn nstas
chetrhs ne
ueh `arch ne qun fas slnetns vlmrhr ne tu pnkga. Xulnrns snetlr nf painr
in fh
fhs phfhmrhs rnhfcnetn shkuine tu kunrpa, ne fudhr in safa inklrfhs ne tu
`arch earchf
Paz qun ghmfh. Yhcmlìe inmn praeueklhr khih sãfhmh in ue chetrh ne ue
caeûtaea, sle nf ìe`hsls a le`fnxlûe ghmltuhf qun sn ush h cneuia ne fh
kaevnrshklûe.
\ `lehfcnetn,
kaclneza, pnrasafa
ea ilrì qun nsthhsã
sn chetlnen prèktlkh punintlncpa.
par cukga phrnknrNs
kacpflkhih ne nf
ue paka cès
fhrda y cès
 

inthffhia in fa qun ghs gnkga hetnrlarcnetn ne nstn flmra, pnra inspuìs

in ue paka in prèktlkh,
Nf Rlfhr Cnila sn snetlrè `hclflhr, ilrnkta y `èklf.
Rhdn 40

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

]NHFLZHEIA NF CNILA
]LY^HF RLFH] 
8. Rèrhtn kae fas ajas knrrhias y fhs cheas h fas fhias. ]nfèjhtn theta
kaca
 paslmfn, safa amsnrvheia
amsnrvheia tu rnsplrhklûe
rnsplrhklûe par ueas cacnetas.
cacnetas.
=. Hfnjh tu htneklûe in tu rnsplrhklûe y vlsuhflzh qun
vnr ueh fuz mrlffhetn kndhiarh ne fh phrtn supnrlar inf uelvnrsa. Nstn
 mfheka
fh fuz ns fh `unetn in taia: taias shflcas in nffh, y ns
iaein taias vafvnrncas, hfdúe iãh.
;. Clnetrhs leghfh, vlsuhflkn ue ghz in fuz qun insklnein in nsh `unetn.
Plnen insin fh klch inf uelvnrsa ghsth qunqu n
ffndh h fh karaelffh in tu khmnzh.
9. Hgarh, ne fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh, nf ghz in fuz `arch ueh
ns`nrh in
nenrdãh. Fh ns`nrh ns pnr`nkthcnetn rniaeih, in hpraxlchihcnetn ue pln
in ilècntra, y
 mrlffh ue mfheka
mfheka mrlffhetn. Nsth ns
ns fh phrtn in tl qun slncprn gh slia,
y ns
>. fh phrtn
 Leghfn qunvnkns.
kuhtra slncprn nsthrè
Clrh kaenkthih
kaca fh ns`nrhh in
fa Ilvlea.
fuz sn vunfvn cès
 mrlffhetn y
cès mrlffhetn Hf leghfhr, sn ffneh in `unrzh vlthf.
0. Funda, rnplth fh sldulnetn phfhmrh in painr: Ngnlng (praeueklhia ng-
gnn-yhy) ]nkunrin inklrfa in thf chenrh qun vlmrn ne su
kunrpa. ]nplth "ng-gnn-yhy" trns a kleka vnkns, khih vnz lchdleheia
fh ns`nrh sn vunfvn cès vãvlih y mrlffhetn.
4. Clnetrhs nxghfhs, vlsuhflzh ue rhya in fuz qun insklnein inf mfheka
Ns`nrh hfrniniar in fh khmnzh ghklh fh dhrdheth. Ne nstn fudhr, nf
Nf rhya in fuz `arch atrh ns`nrh, safa nsth ns drls pnrfh. Nsth
ns`nrh rnprnsneth nf vãekufa netrn su cnetn kaesklnetn y su
\a supnrlar.
7. Leghfn kuhtra vnkns y amsnrvn kûca krnkn nsth ns`nrh drls in nenrdãh.
 

Cès y cès mrlffhetn.

<. Hgarh vlmrh fh sldulnetn phfhmrh in painr: \GPG Nfaglc (yhy-ga-whg
nf-
ag gnnc) Nstn ns atra eacmrn hetldua phrh fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe.
Rhdn 44

Hsndúrhtn
rnsaeheia in vlmrhrfa vhrlhs
pra`ueihcnetn nevnkns kaca hetns, sletlneia nf eacmrn
tu pnkga.
82. Nxghfn y vnh ue rhya in fuz qun insklnein in nsth ns`nrh ne su
dhrdheth h tu pnkga. [amrn iûein nstè tu karhzûe, fh fuz ghkn
atrh ns`nrh qun ns in kafar iarhia. Nsth ns`nrh sn hsncnjh h fh
saf inf cnilaiãh justa ne nf knetra in tu pnkga? rnprnsneth tu
cnetn kaesklnetn.
88. Leghfh kuhtra vnkns y amsnrvh kûca nsth ns`nrh sn ghkn cès `unrtn y
cès letnesh.
kae khih leghfhklûe
8=. Hgarh rnpltn fh sldulnetn phfhmrh in painr: \GPG Nfahg Ph
 Ihhtg (yhy-ga-
whg nf-ag-hg vh ih-htg). Clrh kaca fh ns`nrh iarhih ne tu pnkga
sn vunfvn cès mrlffhetn kae khih rnpntlklûe.
8;. Clnetrhs nxghfhs, ue rhya in fuz insklnein in nsth ns`nrh ghklh hmhja
nf knetra in tu kuneka pìfvlka. Fh fuz `arch ueh eunvh ns`nrh qun ns
 púrpurh, y rnprnsneth
rnprnsneth tu cnetn
cnetn sumkaesklnetn.
89. Leghfn kuhtra vnkns kaca hetns. Plsuhflzh qun fh ns`nrh púrpurh sn
letnesl`lkh
y sn lfucleh
8>. Fh kuhrth phfhmrh in painr ns [ghiihl Nf Kghl (sghi-nyn nf ohl).
Plmrh nstn eacmrn y amsnrvh kûca fh ns`nrh púrpurh sn `arthfnkn kae
Khih rnpntlklûe.
80. Nxghfn y vnh nf rhya in fuz kaetleuhr mhjheia inf púrpurh
ns`nrh. [n cunvn ghklh hmhja h trhvìs in fhs plnrehs ghsth qun rainh fas
 plns.
Fh fuz `arch atrh ns`nrh, endrh nsth vnz, fh clthi supnrlar 
kumrlneia tus plns y fh clthi le`nrlar netrheia ne fh tlnrrh. Nstn ns nf
ns`nrh qun rnprnsneth tu kunrpa `ãslka.
84. Leghfh kuhtra vnkns y amsnrvh kûca fh ns`nrh endrh sn vunfvn cès
 mrlffhetn.
47 in 887<.
87. Plmrh fh quleth phfhmrh in painr - Hiaehl Gh Hrntz  (hg-iae-nyn
 (hg-iae-nyn gh
hg-rntz) - y amsnrvh kûca fh ns`nrh sn vunfvn cès vãvlih y mrlffhetn
kae khih rnpntlklûe
 

8<. Nxghfh. Clrh nf rhya in fuz kaetleuhr ghklh hmhja insin nf endra

ns`nrh. [n hinetrh ne nf knetra in fh tlnrrh. Ghy ne nf cnila
in eunstra pfhenth, nf njn in fh fuz sn kaenkth h ueh nearcn ns`nrh vnrin
in nenrdãh qun ns khsl the drhein kaca fh Ylnrrh clsch. Nsth ns fh
nenrdãh in
fh tlnrrh, h fa qun fh dnetn sn rn`lnrn kaca Chirn Ehturhfnzh.
=2. Hgarh nstès kaenkthia kae nf Klnfa y fh Ylnrrh. Nf njn in fh fuz vlhjh
h trhvìs inf knetra in tu kunrpa kaca ueh phjlth, qun tn pnrcltn ilmujhr 
samrn fh nenrdãh in fas cès hftas elvnfns in ilvlelihi, hsã kaca fh
nenrdãh
inf pfhea chtnrlhf. Plsuhflkn nsta fa cès kfhrhcnetn paslmfn iurhetn nf
chyar tlncpa paslmfn.
kaca insìns.
=8. Kuheia tn slneths gnkga, hpfhuin, hmrn fas ajas y sldun
tu iãh. ]nkunrih qun nsths ns`nrhs slncprn nstèe hgã, mrlffheia
 mrlffhetncnetn,
 mrlffhetncnet n, lekfusa kuheia tn afvlihs in nffas.
nffas.
Rrhktlqun nstn njnrklkla taias fas iãhs iurhetn ias snchehs hetns in
kaetleuhr. Yrhmhjhr ne
cncarlzhr theta nf kafar in khih ns`nrh kaca fh phfhmrh in painr 
hsaklhia kae khih uea. ^eh vnz qun tn `hclflhrlkns kae fh vnrslûe in
Rlfhr cnila prnsnethia hetnrlarcnetn,
hetnrlarcnetn, nstès flsta phrh phshr h fh sldulnetn
 prèktlkh, qun
nsthmlflzh tu nenrdãh y knetrh tu cnetn.
Rèdleh 4<

Nf plfhr cnila
R]ÈKYLKH ¿

NEN]DÃH KL]K^FHEYN KAE

 

NF RLFH] CNILA
Nstn ns nf sldulnetn phsa ne fh prèktlkh inf Rlfhr Cnila. Ns
nxtrnchihcnetn painrasa y
thrih safa ueas kleka cleutas cès ne kacpfnthrsn qun fh vnrslûe lelklhf
inskrlta hetnrlarcnetn.
hetnrlarcnetn.
72
8. [ldh fas phsas in fh ]nhflzheia nf Rlfhr Cnila prèktlkh.
Cnila  prèktlkh.
=. Kuheia ghyh hfkhezhia nf phsa `lehf, kaetleún vlsuhflzheia nf njn.
in fuz y fhs kleka ns`nrhs uelihs netrn sã.
;. Kaekìetrnsn hgarh ne fh ns`nrh endrh h sus plns. Leghfh y vlsuhflzh nsa
fh nenrdãh sn ilsphrh ghklh hrrlmh insin nsth ns`nrh ne `arch in fuz
 mfhekh.
H cnilih qun sn nfnvh h trhvìs in fhs atrhs ns`nrhs, taih fh nenrdãh
hfchknehih ne nstas
fas knetras in nenrdãh thcmlìe ilsphrhe ghklh hrrlmh ghsth qun hfkhezh fh
 phrtn supnrlar in su
khmnzh.
9. Nxghfh. ^eh `unetn in fuz vlhjh par nf fhia lzqulnria in tu khmnzh,
ghklh hmhja samrn tu gacmra, y taia nf khclea ghsth tu kunrpa
 pln lzqulnria.
>. Leghfn y amsnrvn fh fuz qun sumn insin su plnreh inrnkgh ghsth hrrlmh
su kunrpa y khrh ghsth qun vunfvh h fh ns`nrh mfhekh in nenrdãh
ne fh karaelffh in tu khmnzh.
0. Kaetleún nstn phtrûe, nxghfheia n leghfheia clnetrhs vlsuhflzh nf
nenrdãh klrkufheia in nsth chenrh. Ghdh ueas ilnz klkfas in nsta: nxghfn
kaca
fh fuz mhjh par tu fhia lzqulnria? leghfh clnetrhs vlhjh par tu inrnkgh
fhia.
4. Hgarh vhs h sndulr nf clsca phtrûe, pnra cavnrès nf
nenrdãh h fh phrtn infhetnrh y trhsnrh in tu kunrpa. Clnetrhs nxghfhs,
hgarh
vlsuhflzh qun fh fuz sn cunvn ghklh hmhja par fh phrtn iinfhetnrh
nfhetnrh in tu
kunrpa, ghklh hmhja
inmhja in tus plns, y hrrlmh in fh phrtn pastnrlar in tu kunrpa ghsth qun sn
ueh
ns`nrh mfhekh ne fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh.
7. Rrhktlqun in nsth chenrh iurhetn ueas ilnz klkfas. [l tlnens cès
tlncpa, slnetn
flmrn phrh ghknr cès
 

<. ^eh vnz qun ghyh kacpfnthia nstas klkfas, kaekìetrnsn eunvhcnetn

ne nf endra
ns`nrh h tus plns. Hgarh vhs h vlsuhflzhr qun fh nenrdãh
Rèdleh 78
nsplrhfns ghklh hrrlmh. Leghfh y clrh kaca fh nenrdãh vlhjh insin nf endra
ns`nrh, dlrheia hfrniniar in fhs plnrehs ne ueh nsplrhf hprnthih. Fh
nenrdãh nevunfvn
in nsth chenrh hfrniniar in taia tu kunrpa, kaca sl tn nstuvlnrhs
kaevlrtlneia ne ueh caclh
Gnkga in fuz mrlffhetn.
82. Kuheia fh fuz hfkhezh fh ns`nrh ne fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh,
nxpfath.
Hgarh fh fuz khn h tu hfrniniar y h trhvìs in tu kunrpa.
88. ]nhflkn nstn klkfa in nsplrhf / nxpfaslûe uehs ilnz vnkns.
8=. Kuheia tnrclens, hpfhuin y injh qun fh vlsuhflzhklûe
drhiuhfcnetn sn insvhenkne
insvhenkne in tu cnetn. [nph qun fh nenrdãh húe nstè
klrkufheia
8;.  Hmrn fasinajas
nsthychenrh,
kaclnezhlekfusa
tu iãh.kuheia ea nrns kaesklnetn in nffa.
 Eunvhcnetn, hsndúrnsn
hsndúrnsn in nsthr
nsthr `hclflhrlzhia
`hclflhrlzhia kae nsth prèktlkh
prèktlkh hetns in
kaetleuhr. ya
tn rnkaclneia qun ghdhs nf njnrklkla inf Rlfhr in Fuz ilhrlhcnetn par
ias h kuhtra snchehs -
su`lklnetn phrh nsthr kacpfnthcnetn kaenkthia
kaenkthia h fh rnsplrhklûe y hf
trhmhja vlsuhf. Rar 
vlsuhflzheia, ilrldlcas
ilrldlcas fh nenrdãh qun hmsarmncas h trhvìs in fh
rnsplrhklûe. ]nsplrhklûe
trhn nf kacmustlmfn qun hflcneth eunstrh chdlh, pnra sle ueh ilrnkklûe
i lrnkklûe
hinkuhih
nstè fh nenrdãh
ilspnrsa y ea paincas ilrldlrfa h iaein qunrncas qun
vhyh. Inspuìs in slekraelzhr 
tu rnsplrhklûe y vlsuhflzhklûe kae nf Rlfhr Cnila, nstès prnphrhia
p rnphrhia phrh
ilrldlr 
su nenrdãh in chenrhs cès painrashs, `archs qun fa hyuihrèe h fadrhr 
klnrths chel`nsthklaens ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
Rhdn 7=
 

Y
8=
FH K]^Z XHMHFL[YLKH
Nf sldulnetn njnrklkla qun inmn iaclehr hetns in phshr h ue praknsa cès
kacpflkhia.
 prèktlkhs, kaca
nf prlcnra.
kaca fh praynkklûe hstrhf,

 phsa in fh prûxlch
prûxlch prèktlkh lc
hstrhf, ns fh kruz

lcparthetn:
kruz khmhfãstlkh.

parthetn: nf ]ltuhf
khmhfãstlkh. In gnkga, ns

]ltuhf in instnr
instnrrara cnear inf
Rnethdrhch
- qun thcmlìe sn kaeakn kaca fh "Rlnirh @lfasa`hf" in fh chdlh
knrncaelhf.
[le ncmhrda, fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ns cès qun fh prlcnrh nthph in ue
hvhekn
tìkelkh. Kaca prèktlkh leinpneilnetn, a`rnkn ueh snrln in mnen`lklas par
sã safh:
• Knetrh eunstrh kaeklneklh y eas hyuih h kaeknetrhreas.
• Eas flmnrh in fas phtraens ghmltuhfns
ghmltuhfns in heslnihi
heslnihi y nstrìs.
• Nsthmlflzh y nqulflmrh eunstra hurh.
• Inspnjh fas insnkgas in eunstras knetras in nenrdãh y nvlth nf
nsthekhclneta.
• Eas prnphrh phrh
phrh rnklmlr ue le`fuja
le`fuja in nenrdãh ilvleh.
• Eas pratndn in kuhfqulnr nenrdãh endhtlvh qun nekaetrncas
nekaetrncas ne nf
hcmlnetn.
Ne atrhs phfhmrhs, fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ns cuy rnkacneihmfn.
Fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs nstèe `hclflhrlzhihs
`hclflhrlzhihs kae fh snøhf in
 mneilklûe gnkgh par
par fas khtûflkas
khtûflkas hfrniniar 
nf cueia: fh chea inrnkgh takh fh `rnetn, sn cunvn ghklh nf ka`rn y
 mrnvncnetn
htnrrlzh ne khih gacmra phrh ghknr ueh kruz. Hetns in kacnezhr, qulnra
rnkaeaknr 
qun hfdueas in ustnins sn snetlrèe ue paka rhras a rnslstnetns h ghknr
nsth snøhf.
Nsa ns pnr`nkthcnetn kacprneslmfn. [l hfdulne punin rnfhklaehrsn kae
nsn phrtlkufhr 
 

Rhdn 7;
lekacailihi, say ya. [le ncmhrda, nsh fukgh letnreh sn hflvlû cukga
 phrh cã kuheia
kuheia
hprneiã qun nf sãcmafa in fh kruz ns hetnrlar hf krlstlhelsca par clfns in
høas,
hphrnklneia ne fhs kufturhs enafãtlkhs cukga hetns in qun fh kruz netrhrh
ne usa rndufhr ne
Ndlpta y Mhmlfaelh Ne su usa hetnrlar hf krlstlhelsca, nf sãcmafa in fh
kruz nrh
hsaklhia kae nf nqulflmrla - in fas nfncnetas, fhs nsthklaens, fhs
ilrnkklaens khrilehfns,
y hsã suknslvhcnetn, y hsã ns kaca taihvãh fa ushcas ne chdlh. Rhrh
easatras, fh kruz rnprnsneth
Nf nqulflmrla hmsafuta in taias fas hspnktas in fh pslqun. Kuheia
fadrhcas pnr`nkta
 mhfhekn, ns mhsthetn
mhsthetn il`ãklf qun kuhfqulnr kash
kash `unrh in easat
easatras
ras khusn
ilsturmlas a
le`fulreas endhtlvhcnetn.
endhtlvhcnetn . Netaekns prhktlkhr fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ns ueh
chenrh in pnrchenknr 
kaesthetn, trhequlfa y phkã`lka, ea lcparth fa qun nstì suknilneia h tu
hfrniniar.
Fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ns ueh chenrh in pnrchenknr nsthmfn,
trhequlfh y phkã`lkh.
ea lcparth fa qun phsn h tu hfrniniar.
Fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ns ueh prèktlkh nedhøashcnetn slcpfn qun ns `èklf
in rnhflzhr.
y ea thrih cukga ne cncarlzhr. Kuheta cès rnhflkns nsth tìkelkh, cès
cès painrasa sn vafvnrè. Ne nsth nthph in su inshrraffa,
i nshrraffa, prakurn ghknr 
Xhmhflstlk Krass ias vnkns hf iãh (y cès sl tlnens tlncpa). ]nkunrih:
kaca
taia fa incès ne fh vlih, kuheta cès paens chdlh, cès shfirès
in nsa. [l vhs hf dlcehsla safa ueh a ias vnkns hf cns, ea inmnrãhs
sarprneinrtn
kuheia ea phsh ehih Ghdh in fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh ueh rutleh ilhrlh phrh
ue
clnetrhs tn sarprneinrè tu pradrnsa.
Yhcmlìe tnedh ne kuneth qun nstè kacnezheia h njnrklthr phrtns in su
 pslqun y
slstnch in nenrdãh qun euekh hetns ghs ushia kaesklnetncnetn. Yaias
 pradrnshcas
 

il`nrnetn, y khih uea in easatras ne`rneth eunstrhs praplhs mhthffhs

letnrehs phrtlkufhrns. [n phklnetn
kaetlda clsca iurhetn nsth prèktlkh y kae taias fas incès. Inspnrthr fa
chs pra`ueia
 phrtns in tu snr
snr sldel`lkh fukghr
fukghr h vnkns, y ea hyuih nspnrhr 
kaevnrtlrsn ne ue chda taiapainrasa hf `lehf in ueh sncheh in
 prèktlkh.
Nstuvn ne kae`lehclneta saflthrla iurhetn khsl ueh iìkhih. Rhrh taias
fas letnetas y
 prapûsltas, nxlstãh
nxlstãh ne ue vhkãa - karthia y hls
hlsfhia
fhia inf rnsta in
nf cueia. Ne fhs rhrhs akhslaens ne qun nekaetrì nenrdãh h`unrh
 par cl phrtn,
phrtn, h cneuia sn prnsnethmh
prnsnethmh ne `archs
`archs eaklvhs a
vneneashs. Insin qun ya
rhrh vnz tneãh hkknsa h nenrdãh shfuihmfn a eutrltlvh, tuvn qun hprneinr 
iaclehr fhs tìkelkhs in nenrdãh safa phrh chetnenrsn kae vlih.
^eh in fhs `archs ne qun glkn nsta `un par praynkklûe hstrhf. Hetns in
letnethr 
ya clsca, tuvn fh linh in qun nf vlhjn hstrhf nrh hfda hsã kaca
79
ya clsca, tuvn fh linh in qun nf vlhjn hstrhf nrh hfda hsã kaca
injheia nf kunrpa y vafheia kaca ueh nspnkln in `hethsch. Fa qun yaya
sle ncmhrda, rèplihcnetn cn il kuneth in qun taih cl vlih cn ghmãhe
gnkga krnnr 
qun cl kunrpa nrh nf pueta `akhf in cl kaeklneklh, qun cl
fh `arch carthf nrh hfdúe tlpa in kaetneniar qun snphrhmh ue "ya" in
Yaia fa incès `unrh in cã. Cn tacû knrkh in ias høas in
letnetas `hfflias hetns in hprneinr qun fh praynkklûe hstrhf ea
tnenr hfda nfqun
Hquã nstè vnr kae
truka: injhr cl kunrpa.
fh kaeklneklh ea nstè fldhih nsphklhfcnetn. Nsa
sldel`lkh
qun ns acelprnsnetn ne taia nf tlncpa y nf nsphkla, le`lelta. Yaihs
fh praynkklûe hstrhf lcpflkh ns khcmlhr nf pueta `akhf in iaein su
Fh kaeklneklh rnslin. Rhrh hfduehs pnrsaehs, nsta sldel`lkh vlsuhflzhr ue
snetlia in vlhjn, pnra nsh ns safa ueh `arch in nxpnrlcnethrfa.
Ne fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, ushrncas chetrhs qun thf vnz ea snhs the
`hclflhrlzhia,
`hclflhrlz hia, thf kaca fa glklcas kae nf Rlfhr Cnila. Fh chyarãh in fas
chetrhs akklinethfns
qun ushcas nstèe ne gnmrna, ue lilach hetldua le`ueilia kae
clstlklsca
h sus sãfhmhs. Hqunffas in ustnins qun ea sn slnetne kûcaias ghklneia nf
sldea in fh
 

Krass vh h nsthr iamfncnetn lesndura samrn nsth prûxlch phrtn, hsã qun
 prnpèrhtn: nstès
nstès
vh h nsthr rnkltheia ueh vnrslûe gnmrnh in fa qun kacúecnetn sn ffhch
nf Rhtnr 
 Eastnr  ,
 , a fh arhklûe inf [nøar, ns inklr, fh phrtn qun ilkn: "Rarqun tuyh
ns fh
rnlea, nf painr y fh dfarlh phrh slncprn, hcìe ". Huequn nf Eunva
Ynsthcneta
in fh Mlmflh prnsneth nsta kaca Jnsús nesnøû h sus ilskãpufas h arhr, nf
leilvliua
 phrtns in fh arhklûe hphrnkne
hphrnkne par taihs phrtns ne fh Mlmflh juiãh
juiãh y
Flmras inutnrakheûelkas. \ pramhmfncnetn ea ghkn `hfth inklr qun
kuheia ushcas
Nsths phfhmrhs ne chdlh tlnene kaeeathklaens kacpfnthcnetn
il`nrnetns. Kaca gn cneklaehia
Ne fh prèktlkh inf Rlfhr Cnila, inklcas nsths hetlduhs phfhmrhs in painr
 phrh rnkarihr 
easatras clscas qun sacas Ilas ne clelhturh.
Kaca snøhfa ne fh mhrrh fhtnrhf samrn fh praynkklûe hstrhf ,
hstrhf , eunstrh
kaeklneklh ns
acelprnsnetn y uelvnrshf. Plmrhr nstas chetrhs, netaekns, ns ueh `arch
in hyuihr h
Fas hspnktas sumkaesklnetns n lekaesklnetns in eunstrh cnetn sn ihe
kuneth in qun sacas nearcns.
ea sacas safa nsths pnqunøhs kashs kae`lehihs h kunrpas lesldel`lkhetns
ne hfdueas cunrtas
rakh h taih vnfaklihi par nf nsphkla. Ne nstn rltuhf, vlmrhr fh arhklûe inf
[nøar ea ns ue
inkfhrhklûe rnfldlash,
nsthcas ghklneia ns ns ueh ffhchih in htneklûe. Nsneklhfcnetn, fa qun
inspnrthr fhs phrtns cès pra`ueihs in eunstrh pslqun n le`archrfns
le`archrfns qun fa
Ilvlea ns
\h hquã inetra in easatras. Nstè ilklneia qun Ilas ea ns ueh `unrzh
nxtnreh. Ea sacas
snphrhias in fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe, euekh `unrae y euekh snrèe.
Rhdn 7>
Hf rnhflzhr nstn chetrh, inspnrthcas fh nsneklh in Ilas qun yhkn fhtnetn
ne
khih uea in easatras. Inklr fh arhklûe inf [nøar ns ueh chenrh in
rnkarihrfn h su kaeklneklh qun
nrns ue hspnkta in fh ilvlelihi: nf tuya ns nf rnlea, nf tuya ns nf painr y
 

fa tuya ns fh dfarlh. Nrns Ilas, huequn snh fh plnzh cès pnqunøh. Rnra
lekfusa nf cès pnqunøa.
Nf pnihza in Ilas kaetlnen khih phrtn inf taia, hsã kaca ueh mnffath
lcpflkh taia
[ldel`lkh snr ue èrmaf. Hf prhktlkhr fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, eutrns nstn
hspnkta
in fa Ilvlea (a, in eunva, kuhfqulnr eacmrn qun `ueklaen cnjar phrh
ustni) y cnjarhrfa,
cuìvntn ghklh nf taia y rndrnsh h khsh h tu vnrihinrh ehturhfnzh.
Ne ueh eath prèktlkh, qulnra inklr ue paka cès samrn kûca inklr fas
chetrhs,
 parqun hgarh vhs h ihr ue phsa cès
cès hffè in fhs vlmrhklaens qun glklstn
glklstn ne
nf
 prèktlkhs hetnrlarns
hetnrlarns Ne nstn pueta, ns garh in hprneinr
hprneinr h ushr tu cchdlh
hdlh
vaz. Kuheia ushs tu vaz cèdlkh, ea safa praeueklhs phfhmrhs
kae tu makh, ne rnhflihi ushs taia tu kunrpa. [lnetns fhs vlmrhklaens
ne taihs phrtns, pnra nspnklhfcnetn iaein snh qun kafaquns tu chea
iurhetn nsth prèktlkh.
Iaein snh qun tus inias inskhesne, injh qun nf chetrh vlmrn cès `unrtn
hffã. Kaca
hetns, hyuih ushr ueh vaz cukga cès mhjh in fa qun earchfcnetn ghkn.
Chshru Ncata `un ue levnstldhiar y `atûdrh`a jhpaeìs qun
nstuilû fas n`nktas in fh kaeklneklh gucheh ne fa cafnkufhr 
nstrukturh inf hduh. Yakû il`nrnetns tlpas in cúslkh ne nf
 prnsneklh in hduh
hduh kuheia sn kaednf
kaednfûû y funda usû ue cclkraskapla
lkraskapla phrh
tachr 
Lcèdnens in fas rnsufthias. Ncata inskumrlû qun il`nrnetns tlpas in
cúslkh
ihr fudhr
cnthf h il`nrnetns
pnshia, nf glnfaphtraens cafnkufhrns.
phrnkãh khûtlka Rar njncpfa,
y insardhelzhia kuheia
mhja nf judhmh
clkraskapla, clnetrhs
clnetrhs qun fh cúslkh kfèslkh glza qun sn `archrh glnfa
 phtraens hrcaelasas
hrcaelasas y rndufhrns.
rndufhrns. Rlnesh ne fhs lcpflkhklaens
lcpflkhklaens safa nnee
nf pfhea `ãslka: eunstras kunrpas sae prleklphfcnetn hduh (ghsth 4>
 par klneta ne eunstras
eunstras cúskufas).
cúskufas). Fas tlpas in vlmrhklûe
vlmrhklûe qun rainhcas
easatras clscas sae lekrnãmfncnetn lcparthetns, y fh letneklûe y
Fh khflihi in eunstrhs vakns h cnilih qun fhs vlmrhcas tlnene ue
 pra`ueia lcphkta
lcphkta ne
eunstrh `lslafadãh, hsã kaca eunstrh kaeklneklh.
Hquã nstèe fas chetrhs gnmrnas qun ushrès ne fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, hsã
kaca ue rèplih in fa qun sldel`lkhe fhs phfhmrhs:
nxpflkhklûe
Htng: nrns Chfoutg: nf 
 

 ]nlea Pndnmurhg: Nf Rainr  Pndngiufh:
 Pndngiufh: Fh Dfarlh Fn Afhc:
Rar [lncprn
Hcìe: Xun hsã snh in eunva, kuheia vlmrhcas nsths phfhmrhs in painr,
nsthcas
heueklhreas h easatras clscas y hf uelvnrsa qun sacas ue hspnkta inf
taia
70
in Ilas, nf krnhiar, fh kaeklneklh uelvnrshf, ntk. Ne chdlh, nstn ns
eunstra
`arch in rnkarihr atrhs `archs in letnfldneklh ilvleh (par njncpfa,
èednfns) qun
sacas Ilvleas y qun tlnene fh thrnh in hyuihreas kuheia fa saflklthcas,
safa
kaca sl fh `unetn in fh ilvlelihi gumlnrh gnkga pnrsaehfcnetn fh
saflkltui. Yhcmlìe ns eunstrh `arch in
rnkarièeiaeas qun sacas gljas in fh krnhklûe, ea lcparth kûca
letnrprntncas
nsn. Kaca thf, tnencas ueh rnspaeshmlflihi y hutarlihi phrtlkufhr kae
rnspnkta hf
 pfhea `lslka
`lslka in fh nxlstneklh.
nxlstneklh.
Hfdueh le`archklûe samrn nf usa in sus cheas ne fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh: ne
dnenrhf,
tus cheas sae lekrnãmfncn
lekrnãmfncnetn
etn lcparthetns: nstèe levafukrhihs ne khsl
taia
qun ghkns ne fh vlih Ne fh chyarãh in fhs rnprnsnethklaens
rnprnsnethklaens inf slstnch
nenrdìtlka qun kaeazka,
Ghy ue knetra in nenrdãh ne fh phfch in khih chea. Yachias in fh
chea kaesldel`lkh
 pnrsaeh atra kh vlekufhr su slstnch
sldel`l slstnch in nenr
nenrdãh
dãh kae nf in nffas,
nffas, par nsa
 punin snetlrsn
snetlrsn the
ns munea tachrsn in fh chea in hfdulne qun hchs y the lekûcaia in
tachr in fh chea
kae hfdulne qun ea tn dusth, lekfusa sl nsh hvnrslûe ns tncparhf.
Ne fhs lestrukklaens h kaetleuhklûe, fn ilda qun usn su chea inrnkgh
 phrh ghknr nf sldea in fh
kruzhr. Yrhilklaehfcnetn,
Yrhilklaehfcnetn, sn nesnøh qun fh chea inrnkgh ns fh chea
 praynktlvh, clnetrhs
clnetrhs qun
fh lzqulnrih ns rnknptlvh: clrh fhs nsthtuhs qun rnprnsnethe fh nesnøhezh
in Muih, tnelneia
tnstlda, nxprnsheia letrnplinz, y hsã suknslvhcnetn, y vnrl`lqun kuèf ns
su inrnkgh n lzqulnrih
 

Fhs cheas nstèe ghklneia. Rar supunsta, ghy rhzaens hehtûclkhs phrh
nsta: fh chyarãh in fhs pnrsaehs
sae ilnstras y, par fa theta, ushe nsh chea phrh praynkthr
p raynkthr nenrdãh,
rnkadnr kashs,
y ghknr kashs ne nf cueia Hincès, fh chea lzqulnrih nstè cès knrkh inf
karhzûe,
qun nstè knetrhia fldnrhcnetn hf fhia lzqulnria in fh clthi inf ka`rn, y
su
nf karhzûe ns iaein rnklmns nenrdãh in atrhs pnrsaehs. (Ynedh ne kuneth
qun hmrhzhr 
lcpflkh hknrkhr su karhzûe hf in atrh pnrsaeh.) Netaekns, ne nsths
knrncaelhs,
^shrncas fh chea inrnkgh phrh praynkthr nenrdãh y fh chea lzqulnrih
 phrh rnklmlr nenrdãh.
nenrdãh.
Yhcmlìe punin pramhr nsta ne su vlih ilhrlh, par njncpfa, hmrlneia su
chea lzqulnrih phrh fnnr ueh sltuhklûe, kaca sl khpthrh nenrdãh in fh
htcûs`nrh
 phrh tnenr ueh linh in fa qun nstè phsheia. Rnra ea tn ams
amsnslaens
nslaens kae
nsta,
nspnklhfcnetnn sl nrns zuria. \ ea ns kaca sl ueh pnrsaeh plnrin su mrhza
nspnklhfcnet
inrnkga
ne ue hkklinetn hutacavlfãstlka qun in rnpnetn plnrine fh khphklihi in
 praynkthr nenrdãh.
nenrdãh. Nsa ns
tacheia fhs kashs inchslhia
i nchslhia fltnrhfcnetn:
fltnrhfcnetn: tìkelkhcnetn, el slqulnrh
enknslth ueh phrtn inf kunrpa phrh nevlhr 
a tachr nenrdãh. Netaekns, kuhfqulnrh punin ushr kuhfqulnrh in fhs
cheas phrh rnhflzhr kuhfqulnr hktlvlihi, pnra
hyuih hf prleklpla h sndulr phuths phrtlkufhrns (ne nstn khsa, praynkthr
kae
su inrnkgh, rnklmh kae su lzqulnrih) phrh `hclflhrlzhrsn kae fhs
 prèktlkhs. Inspuìs
Inspuìs
nsa suknin, inpnein in ustni cail`lkhr y pramhr atrhs kashs, hf lduhf qun
kae nf
Atras njnrklklas y tìkelkhs.
Rhdn 74
Mlne, netaekns, ilkga taia nsta, hquã ghy ias `archs il`nrnetns in
rnhflzhr nf
Kruz khmhfãstlkh. Fh prlcnrh ns fh `arch trhilklaehf, fh sndueih ns cãh.
ghklneia. Rrunmn hcmas phrh vnr kuèf `ueklaeh cnjar phrh ustni.
 

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

K]^Z XHMHFÃ[YLKH
CNILYHKLÛE: PN][LÛE 8
(Y]HILKLAEHF)
8. Rèrhtn, klnrrh fas ajas y slnetn nf sunfa
inmhja in tus plns Chetnedh su kafuceh
vnrtnmrhf hflenhih y rnfèjnsn.
=. Leghfn y vlsuhflkn su kunrpa krnklneia. Ea safa vnhs qun suknih
vlsuhfcnetn - slnetn tu kunrpa nxpheilìeiasn `ãslkhcnetn. Lchdleh tu
kunrpa
krnklneia in nsth chenrh ghsth qun nf punmfa a kluihi iaein vlvns snh
 pnqunøa
inmhja in tus plns
;. Hf rnsplrhr, krnkns cès y cès. Ne paka tlncpa, tu kunrpa
sn nekunetrh par neklch in su nsthia, y praeta sn hcpflhrè ghsth qun
taia nf phãs
ns pnqunøa inmhja in tl. Yn nxpheins cès y cès, cès drhein qun nf
 pfhenth. Leghfheia,
Leghfheia, tn nxpheins ne nf kascas, ghsth
ghsth qun fh Ylnrrh
Ylnrrh yh ea
nstì
qun ueh chekgh inmhja in tus plns, sle ncmhrda, pnrchenkns kaenkthia
h nffh, kaca sl
sastnelia par fh drhvnihi.
9. Hgarh tlnens ue thchøa chslva, cès drhein
d rhein qun lekfusa fh cès
drhein in fhs nstrnffhs.
Pns fhs nstrnffhs in eunstrh dhfhxlh y atrhs h tu hfrniniar, ne khih
ilrnkklûe par fa qun punins vnr. Leghfh y rnfèjhtn.
>. Ilrldn tu htneklûe h fh klch inf uelvnrsa. Ghy nsn kndhclneta
fuz mfhekh qun nekaetrhstn ne nf Rlfhr Cnila. Ns fh `unetn in taia
krnhklûe, mrlffheia mrlffhetncnetn.
mrlffhetncnetn. Clnetrhs leghfh, vnh fh fuz inskneinr
ne ue
njn ghsth fh phrtn supnrlar in su khmnzh, vlhjheia clfns in clffaens in
høas fuz h trhvìs in
nf uelvnrsa.
0. Kuheia
ias fh fuz
inias in `lehfcnetn
tu chea tn hfkhekn,
inrnkgh. takh tune
Fh fuz pnentrh `rnetn
tu kae nf prlcnr 
 

Rhdn 77
`rnetn, pnra nf ghz in fuz taihvãh nstè kaenkthia ne ueh kafuceh
 mrlffhetn
taia nf khclea ghsth fh klch inf uelvnrsa.
4. Leghfn y amsnrvn kaca fh fuz mrlffh cès y cès.
7. Hgarh vlmrh nf prlcnr chetrh, qun ns Htng (hg-thy). Nf rhya in fuz
vlmrh kae tu vaz y funda sn vunfvn cès sûflia.
<. Leghfn eunvhcnetn y vnh nf rhya in fuz inskneinr h su kunrpa, taia
nf khclea ghklh hmhja, ghsth qun shfdh par fh phrtn le`nrlar in fas
 plns. Insin hffã,
hffã,
vlhjh ghsth nf `aeia inf uelvnrsa, hekfheia
tú hffã.
82. Hgarh mhjh fas clscas inias in tu chea inrnkgh ne fãenh rnkth
h fh clthi in tu pnkga, knrkh in iaein nstè tu karhzûe. Kaca tu
leghfh, fh fuz qun tn kaenkth kae nf `aeia inf uelvnrsa krnkn
Lekrnãmfncnetnn vlmrhetn.
Lekrnãmfncnet
88. Plmrh nf sndueia chetrh: Chfoutg (chgf-oaatg). Fh fuz vlmrh
\ sn ghkn cès `unrtn.
8=. Hgarh ilmujh fas ias prlcnras inias in tu chea inrnkgh samrn tu
 pnkga,
takheia tu gacmra inrnkga. Clnetrhs fa ghkns, ue rhya in fuz sn cunvn
insin su knetra ne nsh ilrnkklûe, injheia qun su kunrpa vlhjn h fh
fnjheas kae`lens inf uelvnrsa, hekfheia hffã.
8;. Leghfn y amsnrvn kûca fh fuz sn vunfvn cès vlmrhetn.
89. Plmrhr Pndnmurhg (vny-dnm-maa-rhg). Fh fuz sn vunfvn cès kfhrh
cès `unrtn.
8>. Hgarh phsn fas inias par nf pnkga ghsth nf gacmra lzqulnria.
^e rhya in fuz sldun insin su knetra, lrrhilheia h su lzqulnrih.
gacmra y htèeiatn
njn mrlffheia h nsn fhiamrlffhetn,
lekrnãmfncnetn inf uelvnrsa. Leghfn ykaca
the mrlffhetn vnh nfpunihs ghknrfa.

Rhdn 7<
80. Plmrh nf chetrh Pndngiufh (vny-dni-iaaf-fhg) clnetrhs fh fuz mrlffh
Mrlffhetn y vãvlia.
84. Hgarh iamfh tus cheas samrn tu karhzûe. Ne nstn khsa, ea lcparth
quì chea vh hrrlmh.
87. Hgarh tlnens ueh kruz in fuz karrlneia par tu kunrpa, y tu
Nf kunrpa ns nf pueta knetrhf in nsth kruz knfnstlhf. Rrnsth htneklûe h
fuz: kûca pravlnen in fh `unetn in
i n fh krnhklûe y fhs hekfhs
ustni hf `aeia inf uelvnrsa, kûca sn trhescltn h trhvìs in su
gacmras h khih fhia y tn hth h fas pafas apunstas inf
uelvnrsa.
 

8<. Leghfh. Fh kruz krnkn lekrnãmfncnetn mrlffhetn.

mrlffhetn.
=2. Plmrh Fn Afhc, Hcìe (fnn ag-fac hg-cne). Fh kruz krnkn hue
cès mrlffhetn: the mrlffhetn kaca punihs ghknrfa.
=8. Nxghfh. Injn qun fh lchdne sn insvhenzkh clnetrhs hmrn fnethcnetn
fas ajas. Hpfhuin
cheas phrh chrkhr fh trheslklûe ne caias in kaeklneklh.
==. Rrnsth htneklûe h tu `arch `ãslkh hktuhf y clrh h tu hfrniniar 
netarea hktuhf Hgarh nrns cès `unrtn, cès hekfhia, cès
ne`akhia
=;. Cuìvntn ue paka y paetn fa cès kûcaia paslmfn ne tu
kunrpa `ãslka. Inspuìs in rnhflzhr fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, hfduehs pnrsaehs
fns dusth ns`arzhrsn `ãslkhcnetn phrh rnkupnrhr nf kaethkta kae nf
cueia `ãslka.
 Eunvhcnetn, prnsneta
prnsneta ias vnrslaens
vnrslaens in fh prèktlkh
prèktlkh phrh hyuihrfa
hyuihrfa h
nekaetrhr hfda.
nsa `ueklaeh cnjar phrh ustni, pnra fn rnkaclneia phshr ue paka in
tlncpa kae khih uea phrh qun
tn `hclflhrlzhs kae fa qun khih uea tlnen phrh a`rnknr. Ilkga nsta, hquã
nstè fh vnrslûe ias:
R]ÈKYLKH ¿ CNILYHKLÛE K]^ZHIH XHMHFÃ[YLKH: PN][LÛE
=
[l kacnezû utlflzheia fh vnrslûe trhilklaehf in fh prèktlkh, hfdueas in
nstas phsas
tn snrè `hclflhr. Nsth vnrslûe ns ueh qun inshrraffì, mhshih ne nf
Rhdn <2
tn snrè `hclflhr. Nsth vnrslûe ns ueh qun inshrraffì, mhshih ne nf
uea trhilklaehf
8. Clrh ghklh nf nstn y pèrhtn ne slfnekla. Klnrrh fas ajas, leghfh y
vlsuhflzh
tu kunrpa khih vnz cès drhein.
=. ]nfèjnsn y tûcnsn su tlncpa kae fh vlsuhflzhklûe. Khih rnsplra qun
tachs
tn ghkn húe cès lecnesa qun hetns. Ne paka tlncpa, nf pfhenth ns
safa ue pnqunøa pueta inmhja in tus plns. [ldun rnsplrheia y krnklneia,
ghsth
taia nf uelvnrsa ns cleúskufa inmhja in tl.
;. Kaekìetrnsn ne nf knetra in su pnkga. Pns ueh ns`nrh iarhih hffã,
 mrlffheia kèflihcnetn
kèflihcnetn Nstn ns nf knetra
knetra in nenrdãh
nenrdãh qun karrnspaein kae
kae
Ylpghrntg samrn fh vnrslûe in fh Èrmaf Xhmhflka in fh Plih
Plih.. (Ylpghrntg ns
nf
 

knetrhr fh ns`nrh ne nf Èrmaf in fh Plih? Yhcmlìe ns nf knetra in nenrdãh

qun
karrnspaein kae tu karhzûe ne fh chdlh knrncaelhf.) Nsth ns`nrh
rnprnsneth tu kaeklneklh.
Rhdn <8

Fh kruz khmhfãstlkh
9. Yacn rnsplrhklaens fneths y pra`ueihs, y vnh fh ns`nrh iarhih mrlffhr
khih vnz cès
 mrlffhetn kae khih
khih hflneta.
>. Fh nenrdãh ne fh ns`nrh hucneth y hucneth ghsth qun nxpfath. Insin nf
knetra in nsth nxpfaslûe, ue rhya in fuz mfhekh sn ilsphrh insin fh phrtn
supnrlar in
su khmnzh, vlhjheia h trhvìs inf le`lelta, uelìeiasn hf `lehf in
fa qun snh qun nstì cès hffè in fas rnleas kaeaklias y inskaeaklias.
Rèdleh <=
0. Hgarh, kae fas ias prlcnras inias in su chea inrnkgh, taqun su
`rnetn y vlmrh nf prlcnr chetrh: Htng (hg-thy).
4. Punfvh h kaeknetrhrsn ne nf knetra in su pnkga. ]nsplrh in eunva
y vnrfa krnknr cès y cès mrlffhetn.
7. Nxghfh. Atra rhya in fuz mfhekh mrlffhetn nxpfath insin nf
 phrtn le`nrlar
le`nrlar inf knetra iarhia,
iarhia, pnra nsth vnz ghklh hmhja. Ilsphrh
h trhvìs in fh pnfvls, fhs plnrehs y fas plns, kaetleuheia ghklh hmhja
nsphkla. Ne hfdúe fudhr hffè hmhja, ne fas kae`lens inf nsphkla le`lelta, nf
fh fuz tn hekfh h ue pueta.
<. Hgarh nstès kaenkthia hrrlmh y hmhja kae ueh `unrzh the lekrnãmfn qun
ehih nxtnrea tn punin cavnr.
82. Mhjn fas ias inias ne fh `rnetn ghsth fh clthi inf pnkga.
Plmrh nf sldulnetn chetrh, qun ns  Chfoutg (chgf-oaatg).
88. ]ndrnsn su htneklûe h fh ns`nrh knetrhf. Yach fneta, pra`ueia y
lekfusa rnsplrhklaens Fh ns`nrh iarhih sn vunfvn húe cès mrlffhetn qun
hetns.
8=. @lehfcnetn, fh ns`nrh nxpfath, kaca fa glza hetns. Nsth vnz nf mfheka
fh fuz shfn ilsphrhih in tu gacmra inrnkga y vlhjh ghsth nf `lehf in
le`lelta. Hgarh nstès hpndhia y hekfhia par hffã.
8;. Yakh tus inias kae tu gacmra inrnkga y vlmrh Pndnmurhg
(Pny-Dnm-Maa-]hg).
89. Ilrldn tu htneklûe h fh ns`nrh iarhih eunvhcnetn. ^eh vnz cès,
leghfh y a kae nenrdãh. Inspuìs in trns leghfhklaens, clrn fh fuz.
letnesl`ãkhfa
letnesl`ãkhf
 

nxpfathr in eunva, pnra nsth vnz `unrh inf gacmra lzqulnria y ghklh nf
nxtrnca
hfkhekns inf le`lelta ne nsh ilrnkklûe.
8>. Ffnvh fas ias inias in tu chea inrnkgh hgarh h tu gacmra lzqulnria
y
vlmrh nf chetrh Pndngiufh (vny-dni-iaaf-fhg).
Rhdn <;
80. Plsuhflzh fh kruz in fh fuz. Leghfn, rnfèjnsn y vnh fh fuz vlhjhr ne
fhs kuhtra ilrnkklaens, `ljèeiatn h fa fhrda inf tlncpa y
nsphkla.
84. Hgarh trhn tu htneklûe ueh vnz cès h fh ns`nrh iarhih ne
nf knetra in tu pnkga Iamfh tus cheas samrn nsn pueta (ea
lcparth quì chea vh neklch), y vlmrh nf chetrh `lehf: Fn
Afhc, Hcìe (fnn ag-fac hg-cne).
87. Ynrcleh kaca fa glklstn ne fh prlcnrh vnrslûe in fh prèktlkh. Hmrn
tus ajas,
hpfhuin
Nf fudhr ynetûchtn tu `ãslka
nf pfhea tlncpaiaein
phrh rnarlnethr tu kaeklneklh
rnslin su kunrpa. Nstlrhr, khclehr 
hfrniniar, a ghknr hfda cès `ãslka phrh vafvnr h su earchflihi
[netlias.
Rhdn <9

Nf èrmaf in fh vlih in Xhmhflk

Inspuìs in qun tn ghyhs `hclflhrlz
`hclflhrlzhia
hia kae fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, nstès
flsta phrh cavnrtn
h fh prûxlch prèktlkh. Eunvhcnetn, rnkaclneia ghknr kuhfqulnr vnrslûe
in nstn
fh prèktlkh sn hihpth cnjar h tl y ghzfa hf cneas ias vnkns hf iãh iurhetn
snchehs a cnsns hetns
ghklh hinfhetn. Kuheta cnjar ffnduns h fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh, cès
 painrasa snrè tutu
Fh prèktlkh inf ]ltuhf in Instnrra Cnear inf Rnethdrhch snrè. Kaca
iljn, nf
Xhmhflstlk Krass ns nf prlcnr phsa in nsh prèktlkh, pnra punins ushr
Xhmhflstlk
Krukn kaca ueh prèktlkh leinpneilnetn phrh knetrhrsn, flcplhr sus
knetras in nenrdãh,
y aptlclzh tu pslqun phrh rnhflzhr atrhs `archs in chdlh nxtrnchihcnetn
nxtrnchihcnetn
 painrash.
Rhdn <>
 

^EH
8;
NF ]LY^HF CNEA] IN IN[GHMLFLYHKLÛE
INF
RNEYHD]HCH
Fas chdas hprneilkns ne fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh inf Hchenknr Iarhia
`unrae lestrulias phrh rnhflzhr nf ]ltuhf in Instnrra Cnear inf
Rnethdrhch (FM]R)
 prhktlqun ias vnkns
vnkns hf iãh, ueh vnz hf kaclneza
kaclneza inf iãh y ueh vnz hf
 prleklpla
`lehf. Ghknr nsth prèktlkh in nsth chenrh gh khcmlhia cl vlih
 pra`ueihcnetn, y kuheia
ghs ffndhia h nstn pueta ne tu rnfhklûe kae fh chdlh, ya `unrtncnetn
sudlnrh prhktlkhr nf FM]R hf cneas ueh vnz hf iãh. [l fhs kashs ea nstèe
 mlne, nsa ns
 mlne, safa sldun
sldun hinfhetn y prhktlkh
prhktlkh fa cnjar qun punihs. Nsa ns cukga
chs
lcparthetn qun pnrinr ue iãh hquã y hffè.
Ghy cukgh le`archklûe eunvh phrh prnsnethr hquã, hsã qun vay h tachr
cl
tlncpa y nxpaenr hfduehs kashs fa cès kfhrhcnetn paslmfn hetns in
kacnezhr. fas
FM]R ns mhsthetn cès kacpflkhia qun fhs prèktlkhs qun ghs gnkga hetns,
 pnra
Phfn cès qun fh pneh. Netrn atras leeucnrhmfns mnen`lklas, gn hquã par
quì nf FM]R ns
^eh phrtn the lcparthetn in fh hfth chdlh: • Gldlnen inf hurh h cnilih
qun hvhezh
nf iãh, hkucufhs taia tlpa in insnkgas nenrdìtlkas, y nsth mhsurh sn
h`nrrh h
tu hurh in fh clsch chenrh qun fh suklnihi y fh cudrn fa ghkne ne nf
cueia `ãslka. Yú rnkadns
 

hfdueh `arch in nenrdãh in khih pnrsaeh kae fh qun netrhs ne kaethkta, y

tú thcmlìe
nesuklh tu prapla khcpa nenrdìtlka kae vhrlas rnkunrias y
 pneshclnetas. par 
njncpfa, ildhcas qun rnkunrihs ueh hkhfarhih ilskuslûe qun tuvlstn kae
hfdulne
ghkn høas qun. Huequn `un ghkn cukga tlncpa, slnetns ueh eunvh aafnhihfnhih
in lrh,
y nsn nsthfflia in nenrdãh endhtlvh sn flmnrh ilrnkthcnetn
ilrnkthcnetn ne tu hurh. A
thf vnz
rnkunrihs ue nrrar taeta qun kacntlstn ueh vnz qun pravakû cukgh
vnrdönezh
 phrh tl. Fn gh suknilia nsta h ustni1
ustni1 ]nkunrihs hfda kaca
kaca nsta y
±[lnetns ueh afh in vnrdönezh in eunva1 Munea, kashs hsã sn hthskhe
ne tu hurh thcmlìe, y nf FM]R ns ueh `arch lekrnãmfncnetn
lekrnãmfncnetn painrash in
flcplhrtn
in taias fas tlpas in hkucufhklûe endhtlvh. Kaca uea in cls chnstras
cn ilja ueh vnz, nf
Rhdn <0
FM]R ns nf nqulvhfnetn nenrdìtlka in iukghrsn a knplffhrsn fas
ilnetns. [l easatras
ea ghdhs nsths hktlvlihins rndufhrcnetn, kaestrulcas taia tlpa in chf
afar ea insnhia
cudrn
• Rratnkklûe nenrdìtlkh , supaeda qun ueh cnjar cntè`arh hquã snrãh
hfda phrnklia h neknrhr tu huta. Fhvheia tu kakgn
rndufhrcnetn fa chetlnen flcpla, pnra thcmlìe ghy ueh chenrh in
hsndurhrsn in qunea hkucufh theta pafva y cudrn. Ne ue slclfhr 
ne prlcnr fudhr,
chenrh, nf FM]R `arthfnkn y neiurnkn drhiuhfcnetn nf pnrãcntra in
su khcpa in nenrdãh phrh qun amtnedh cès pratnkklûe kaetrh nf `utura
kaethclehklûe. Netaekns, nf FM]R thcmlìe ns hfda phrnklia h fh
khflstnelh
 phrh su hurh: gèdhfa
gèdhfa rndufhrcnetn
rndufhrcnetn y su khcpa nnenrdìtlka
enrdìtlka krnknrè
krnknrè
cès vlmrhetn y painrasa
• Kfhrlihi cnethf y ne`aqun Atra mnen`lkla inf FM]R ns qun
nflcleh fas pneshclnetas hfnhtarlas
hfnhtarlas qun rnvafatnhe ne tu cnetn phrh
ffnvhrfa h ue nsthia in kaeknetrhklûe in ue safa pueta. Kaca gn ilkga
h atrh phrtn, nevãhs nenrdãh ne fh ilrnkklûe in tus pneshclnetas, netaekns
ns
 

ueh muneh linh phrh insghknrsn in fh hktlvlihi cnethf leenknshrlh y

tnenr ueh linh kfhrh
linh in fa qun nstè phsheia ne tu cnetn. Kuheia nstès ne cnila in
^e rltuhf phrh chdentlzhr theth nenrdãh kaca snh paslmfn phrh chel`nsthr 
ue insna phrtlkufhr ne nf ècmlta `ãslka, fa úftlca qun enknslths sae
 pneshclnetas nxtrhvlhias
nxtrhvlhias rnmatheia
rnmatheia y kae`ueilneia fh lchdne. fas
FM]R hyuih h chetnenr fh cnetn fa cès kaeknetrhih paslmfn.
• Rurl`lkhklûe hcmlnethf Hincès in su hurh, nf FM]R
thcmlìe flcplh y purl`lkh nf hcmlnetn ne nf qun tn nekunetrhs. Nenrdãh
injhia par atrhs pnrsaehs punin hkucufhrsn y tnenr ue leinsnhmfn
n`nkta samrn fh chdlh qun insnh rnhflzhr. Lekfusa sl nsth nenrdãh ea ns
enknshrlhcnetn
enknshrlhcn etn endhtlva, húe pairãh ea snr kacphtlmfn kae su
rnsufthias insnhias, par fa qun nf FM]R ns ueh muneh chenrh in
nstnrlflzhr y nejuhdhr 
netarea lecnilhta in nenrdãhs ea insnhihs.
• Inspnrthr sumkaesklnetn Yaias gncas nskukghia nf vlnja caeatnãsth
`rhsn "Nf gacmrn ns krnhia h lchdne in Ilas". Munea, nsta ea
sldel`lkh qun Ilas tlnen ue kunrpa slclfhr hf eunstra?
eu nstra? cès mlne, sldel`lkh
qun
Rhdn <4
eunstrh kaeklneklh sn phrnkn h fh in Ilas. Nstn ns ue sldel`lkhia in
[hfca 7=: 0 in fh Mlmflh kuheia ilkn: "Pasatras sals ilasns". Yaias
tnencas
fh clsch khphklihi in krnhr cueias, y sacas ilrnkthcnetn rnspaeshmfns
rnspaeshmfns
in
Nf uelvnrsa qun ffhchcas eunstrh vlih. Kuheia rnhflzhcas nf FM]R,
instnrrhcas
taih
iaeinfhnsthcas
nenrdãh in ue èrnh
phrhias Nsykaca
krnhrhfda
ue vhkãa hmueihetn
inf Dìensls, a faneprlcarilhf.
nf cnila
ehih qun sn ilkn qun nxlstlû hetns inf Mld Mhed. Ne nf
knetra in nstn vhkãa, sacas nf krnhiar, y paincas ffhchr fa qun snh
nenrdãhs qun rnqunrlcas phrh snr. Nf FM]R eas insplnrth h fas eunstras
eu nstras
knetrhflihi y painr. \ parqun fhs phrtns cès pra`ueihs in eunstrh pslqun
ea sn kacuelkhe kae phfhmrhs, ushcas sãcmafas painrasas ne nf
FM]R nevlhrè nf cneshjn in qun ns garh in inspnrthreas
 patneklhf y kaevnrtlrsn
kaevnrtlrsn ne ue ssakla
akla ne nf hkta in inshrraffa kaesthetn
kaesthetn in
krnhklûe.
• Nvakhtlae Rrlcnr Nf FM]R thcmlìe eas letraiukn h fh nvakhklûe.
Ghy ueh snkklûe inf rltuhf iaein ffhchcas h fas hrkèednfns u atras
`unrzhs painrashs phrh vldlfhr nf nsphkla ne nf qun
q un rnhflzhcas
 Eunstrh chdlh.
chdlh. Hf prleklpla, pairãhcas lchdl
lchdlehr
ehr h nstas snrns
snrns kaca
 

hfdueh `arch in lcèdnens vlsuhfcnetn letnrnshetns,

letnrnshetns, hfda mrlffhetns, pnra
krlhturhs mlilcneslaehfns
mlilcneslaehfns in hfdúe tlpa. Inspuìs in ue tlncpa, sle
ncmhrda,
nsths `unrzhs rnhfcnetn sn rnúene y rnspaeine kaca fa saflklthcas,
saflklthcas, y ea
fa ghkn
tachr inchslhihs vnkns in rnhflzhr nf FM]R phrh snetlr hfda
Ne rnhflihi nstè suknilneia. Kuheia kacnekì, cn ffnvû uehs trns
snchehs in
ghklneia nf FM]R taias fas iãhs ghsth qun snetã qun hfda ghmãh
rnspaeilia
h cl ffhchih \ puin snetlr  nsths
 nsths `unrzhs cukga hetns in qun puilnrh vnr 
nffas.
Ne nsh eath, qulnra inklr ue paka samrn fas èednfns. Hf lduhf qun kae fas
khmhflsths
Krass y fas chetrhs gnmrnas, ea qulnra hktlvhr nf slstnch in hfhrch in
ehiln
sle a`rnknr ueh muneh nxpflkhklûe in par quì fa nstay ghklneia.
Rramhmfncnetn, prhktlkhr hspnktas in fh chdlh qun ghdhe qun tu
Rramhmfncnetn,
 plnf sn hrrhstrn
hrrhstrn
 Ea tn trhlda rnsufthias
rnsufthias `hvarh
`hvarhmfns.
mfns.
Ghmãh theths chenrhs ne qun nf krlstlhelsca injû ue chf shmar in makh
<7
clnetrhs krnkãh, netrn nffas `ueihcnethflsths
`ueihcnethflsths
Krlstlheas trhtheia in hsnslehrcn nevlèeiacn hf karrniar in fh cunrtn
 par trns hsnslehtas.
hsnslehtas.
ea sn kacpracntlû Kaca punins lchdlehr, nsn tlpa in hshfta h cl
cnetn, kunrpa y
Nf nspãrltu `un il`ãklf phrh cã injhrfa lr. Netaekns, kuheia cn
 prnsnethrae nf FM]R, nsthmh
 mhsthetn sndura
sndura in qun ea qunrãh tnenr ehih qun vnr vnr kae fas èednfns
èednfns el
ehih cès rncathcnetn
hsaklhia kae nf krlstlhelsca. Rnra in hfdueh chenrh, kuheta cès hprneiã
samrn fas èednfns y
su glstarlh, kuheta cès kurlash y hmlnrth cn vafvã.
v afvã. Fas cnjarns chdas
inf
Fh glstarlh inf hrtn trhmhjû kae èednfns in hfdueh chenrh. Rnrsaehs qun
kaeslinrhmh
dnelas, kaca Jage Inn y Niwhri Onffy, fas chdas in fh kartn in Xunne
Nflzhmntg - sn ghmãh
èednf. Hincès, khihknetrhia khsl par kacpfnta ne fh chdlh inf
 

clncmra in fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh in fh Dafine Ihwe in qulne nskukgì

qun tneãh
nxpnrlneklh kae fas èednfns in hfdueh chenrh. N lekfusa fas nskrltarns
 phdheas cainreas kaca [lfvnr 
]hvnewaf` jurû par fh n`nktlvlihi in fas èednfns. Raka h paka, kacnekì
h ihrcn kuneth in qun
tneãh qun ghmnr hfda phrh nsa.
Kuheia `lehfcnetn cn kaevnekã in qun vhfãh fh pneh letnethrfa, inskumrã
rèplihcnetn
qun fas èednfns sae fh `arch cès `èklf in netlihins phrh trhmhjhr. Nstèe
heslasas par hyuihr 
y safa nsthcas nspnrheia fh levlthklûe phrh ghknrfa. Yhcmlìe praiukne
sarprneinetns
rnsufth ne kartas pnrãaias in tlncpa. @lehfcnetn, trhmhjhr
trhmhjhr kae èednfns sn
vafvlû cuy
qunrlia phrh cã, y hgarh trhmhja kae nffas rndufhrcnetn, kaca sl euekh
gumlnrh tnelia nf cès cãelca
vhklfhklûe ne prlcnr fudhr. Rar njncpfa, kuheia shfda in cl khsh phrh
khclehr 
fhs khffns in fh kluihi in Eunvh \aro, fa prlcnra qun ghda ns nvakhr h
fas snrh`lens - hednfns
in `unda - y pnilrfns qun cn pratnjhe. \ tneda `n hmsafuth ne qun fa
ghrèe
netaekns.
Ilkga nsta, thcmlìe pairãh snr útlf snøhfhr qun hf lduhf qun cukgas
atrhs kashs hiapthihs y cail`lkhihs in atrhs kufturhs par nf krlstlhelsca,
fas èednfns
sae hetnrlarns hf krlstlhelsca (a kuhfqulnr rnfldlûe kaeaklih, phrh nf
khsa) par clfnelas.
Fas èednfns hphrnkne par taihs phrtns ne fh prnglstarlh, lekfulihs `ldurhs
hfhihs ne
 pleturhs rupnstrns
rupnstrns ne taia nf cueia, y kae vhrlas
vhrlas eacmrns ne trhilklaens
trhilklaens
nsplrltuhfns
nsa vlea cukga hetns inf krlstlhelsca,
krlstlhelsca, par njncpfa, fas maiglshttvhs in
vhrlas
Flehjns muilsths.
\ sl nstas puetas ea tn kaevnekne, ea slneths qun tlnens qun ghknrfa
Yrhmhjh kae fas èednfns. Runin ushr nsth tìkelkh phrh nvakhr kuhfqulnr
tlpa in chyar 
letnfldneklh.
nfncnethfns, Hfduehs
par  pnrsaehs sn slnetne cukga cès kûcaihs usheia
 

njncpfa, qun nekhrehe fhs nenrdãhs in fh tlnrrh, nf hlrn, nf `unda y nf

hduh. Nsth mlne. \
fhs pnrsaehs qun sldune fhs rnfldlaens enaphdhehs cainrehs punine nsthr 
cès lekflehihs h
trhmhjh kae fas ilasns y ilashs kae fas qun nstèe `hclflhrlzhias. Nsa
thcmlìe nstè mlne. [neshklûe
[ neshklûe
flmrn in cail`lkhr nsth tìkelkh y ushr kuhfqulnr `arch in ilvlelihi qun
cès tn dustn
Rhdn <<
kûcaia kae, parqun prhktlkhr hspnktas in fh chdlh qun ghkne qun tu plnf
nf rhstrna pramhmfncnetn ea fn trhnrè rnsufthias `hvarhmfns. Ilkga nsta,
helca
taias h ncpujhr sus fãcltns sl punine. H vnkns, fa qun cès tn khcmlh fh
vlih
fhs prèktlkhs nstèe nspnrheia hffã, cès hffè in fas marins in su zaeh in
kae`art.
Mlne, kae nf
 prnsnethr nsh fhrdh letraiukklûe `unrh inf khclea, `lehfcnetn punia
èednfns qun vhs h ushr ne nf FM]R - hrkèednfns, ne
rnhflihi. Yrhilklaehfcnet
Y rhilklaehfcnetn,
n,
Nsth prèktlkh tn ilkn qun levaquns h kuhtra in nffas: ]h`hnf, Dhmrlnf,
Clkghnf y
^rlnf Yn ihrì cès inthffns samrn sus hphrlneklhs cès thrin, kuheia
rnhfcnetn
kaclnezh fh prèktlkh in vlsuhflzhrfas ne nf FM]R, pnra par hgarh hquã
ghy ue paka
samrn fa qun fas hsaklhcas ne fh chdlh: 8. ]h`hnf rnprnsneth nf

•letnfnkta,
Ilrnkklûenspnkã`lkh
nspnkã`lkhcnetn
cnetn fûdlkh
 Nstn • Nfncneta  Hlrny •rhzûe.
Yncparhih Rrlchvnrh
• Yhrat [ult [waris =. Dhmrlnf rnprnsneth fh pslqun,
 phrtlkufhrcnetn
 phrtlkufhrcn etn fh letulklûe y nf lekaesklnetn.
lekaesklnetn. [unøas, ncaklaens y
Nf hcar nstè hsaklhia kae nf hrkèednf Dhmrlnf.
• Ilrnkklûe Anstn • Nfncneta Hduh • Yncparhih Ataøa
• Yhrat [ult Kups ;. Clkghnf ns pramhmfncnetn cnjar kaeaklia par su
 phpnf `ueihcnethf
`ueihcnethf ne nf khtaflklsca.
khtaflklsca. Ìf rnprnsneth karhjn,
karhjn, `unrzh y
`unrzh in vafuethi, hsã kaca hcmlklûe y insna snxuhf. Cukgh dnetn
ffhch
samrn Clkghnf phrh pratnkklûe ne tlncpas in enknslihi.

• Ilrnkklûe trhjn• Nfncneta

Phrlths in [ur in thrat 9. @unda • Yncparhih
^rlnf rnprnsneth  Pnrhea
nf rnlea `ãslka
y par fa theta nstè hsaklhia kae hsuetas kaca fh shfui y
 

`lehezhs. Hincès, ^rlnf ns nf hrkèednf phtrûe in fh chdlh.

y chdas.
• Ilrnkklûe Eartn • Nfncneta Ylnrrh • Yncparhih Levlnrea
• Rnetèkufas in trhjn in thrat Kaca vnrès h kaetleuhklûe, lekfuya ias
cès èednfns ne cl vnrslûe inf FM]R. Kaca kae taia chdlkohf
tìkelkhs, su prlcnrh thrnh ns hprneinr fas kaeknptas mèslkas y funda
rnhflzhr 
nshs lestrukklaens lcpfhkhmfncnetn
lcpfhkhmfncnetn ghsth qun sn kaevlnrthe ne ueh
sndueih ehturhfnzh.
Inspuìs in ghmnr letnrehflzhia kacpfnthcnetn
kacpfnthcnetn fhs prèktlkhs, slìethsn
flmrn in
nxpnrlcnethr y nekaetrhr `archs in pnrsaehflzhrfas (kaca fa gn gnkga)
 phrh
 phrh ghknrfas cès
cès n`nktlvas. Nvnetuhfcnetn
Nvnetuhfcnetn pramhmfncnetn
pramhmfncnetn tnrclehrès
tnrclehrès
kae hfda kaestrulia ne nf chrka trhilklaehf pnra nxkfuslva in
ustni hf clsca tlncpa \ hsã ns kaca, par prunmh y nrrar, ya
Cn phrnklû útlf hdrndhr ias hrkèednfns cès h cl vnrslûe inf
Rèdleh 822
FM]R. Ne klnrta snetlia, tneãh qun ghknrfa, parqun slncprn cn snetã the
nxpunsta kuheia
rnhflzheia nf FM]R, kaca sl hfda vlthf `hfthrh ne nf
rltuhf. Yhcmlìe enknslthmh pratnkklûe neklch y inmhja in cã, hsã qun
hdrnduì
Cnthtrae y [heihfpgae. Kuheia kacnekì h trhnrfas kaca phrtn
inf FM]R, fh prèktlkh sn vafvlû cukga cès painrash qun ya
 paiãh snetlr h fas èednfns knrkh
knrkh in cã iurhetn garhs inspuìs in rnhflzhr
rnhflzhr
nf
rltuhf.
[l hprnein cès samrn fh chdlh knrncaelhf, eathrè qun khsl taias
èednf a hrkèednf tlnen ue eacmrn qun tnrcleh kae fhs fntrhs hn y F -
]h`hnf,
Dhmrlnf, Clkghnf, ^rlnf, [hkglnf, Zhiolnf, Ghelnf, ntk. Nsa -nf  `lehf
 `lehf
sldel`lkh "in Ilas", y sn supaen qun ue èednf rnprnsneth ue hspnkta
 phrtlkufhr in
Ilas, inf kafnktlva Ilvlea. Nf eacmrn in ]h`hnf, par njncpfa, sldel`lkh
"kurhklûe
in Ilas." Kuheia nvakhs h ]hpghnf, fa qun rnhfcnetn nstès nvakheia ns
nf

letnfldneklh prlcarilhf qun damlnreh

kurhklûe. Leinpneilnetncnetn
Leinpneilnetncnet nf praknsa in
n in fa qun
 

eacmrn qun ush, hf nvakhr in nsth chenrh, fn plin h nsth `unrzh qun
 prnstn su painr y
 mneilklûe h sus hktlvlihins phrh hucnethr su n`lkhklh.
n`lkhklh.
 El Cnthtrae elel [heihfpgae tln
tlnene
ene -nf  hf
 hf `lehf in sus eacmrns parqun
- hf cneas, ne hfdueas kãrkufas cèdlkas - sae fas úelkas ias hrkèednfns
qun `unrae
ueh vnz guchea Ne fhs `archs prnkrlstlhehs in fh Mlmflh, Cnthtrûe nstè
hsaklhia kae nf
 pra`nth Neak inf flmra ea kheûelka
kheûelka in su eacmrn (" ("\
\ Neak khcleû
kae Ilas, y yh ea nxlstãh "). Kaca rnkacpnesh par su `n, Neak sn glza
ue
èednf. Leinpneilnetncnetn in fh htrlmuklûe, sn ilkn qun Cnthtrûe ns nf
èednf qun sn phrh
cès knrkhea h fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe. Hfdueas krnne qun nf
hrkèednf [heihfpgae
ns nf pra`nth Nfãhs, qulne hskneilû hf klnfa ne ue khrra tlrhia par khmhffas
gnkga in `unda, pnra nsh euekh `un fh htrlmuklûe karrnkth phrh cã,
 pnrsaehfcnetn.
[heihfpgae tlnen ue snetlclneta kfhrhcnetn `ncnelea hetn su prnsneklh,
ne cl nxpnrlneklh, y
ne kaetrhstn kae Cnthtrae, nffh sn nekunetrh cès knrkh inf pfhea chtnrlhf
in fh rnhflihi.
Rairãh rn`nrlrcn h fas hrkèednfns kaca "ìf" a "nffh", pnra ne rnhflihi ea
sae
gacmrn a cujnr: ea pasnne kunrpas `ãslkas el ûrdheas snxuhfns.
Ne khcmla, nstas èednfns nekhrehe y prnsline nenrdãhs qun sae
yh snh hktlva a rnknptlva. Hfth chdlh tãplkhcnetn inskrlmn hktlva
nenrdãhs kaca nf `unda y nf hlrn kaca chskuflea, clnetrhs qun fh tlnrrh y
nf hduh -
Fhs nenrdãhs qun sn kaeslinrhe cès rnknptlvhs sae `ncnelehs. Neklch
tlncpa, kacnekì h pneshr ne hfdueas in fas èednfns kaca "ìf" y hfdueas
kaca "nffh", huequn tìkelkhcnetn nsth ilvlslûe ea rntlnen cukgh hduh
- Yaias fas èednfns pasnne nenrdãhs hktlvhs y rnknptlvhs.
Rhdn 828
Kuheia kacnekì h ghknr nf ]ltuhf in instnrra cnear inf Rnethdrhch, h
cneuia
cn prnduethmh sl hfda nsthmh phsheia a sl safa cn nsthmh netrntnelneia
kae

 jundas cnethf
cnethfns
tnelneia ns ±nsthmh
n`nkta, nfhmarhias.
ya1 Ea nst
nsthmh
hmh sndura in sl fh
fh chdlh nsthmh
 

±rnhfcnetn nstè khusheia hfdúe drhia in khcmla1 Kurlashcnetn, nshs

iuihs
inshphrnklû kuheia hdrnduì Cnthtrae y [heihfpgae hf rltuhf. Fh
 prnsneklh in
Fh chdlh h cl hfrniniar sn glza thedlmfn n lekae`ueilmfn, y `lehfcnetn
vl ue èednf
 par prlcnrh vnz.
vnz.
Fa vl the kfhrhcnetn kaca ghmrãh vlsta h atrh pnrsaeh phrhih ne fh
ghmlthklûe.
kaeclda, pnra ea fa vnãh kae cls ajas `ãslkas. Ne khcmla, vl hf èednf
kae hfdúe tlpa in hphrhta letnrea qun rndlstrh chel`nsthklaens ntìrlk
ntìrlkhs:
hs:
ue
`arch in vnr qun ea nsthmh hkastucmrhia h ncpfnhr. Krnkã lchdleheia
qun
fas èednfns, sl rnhfcnetn nxlstlnrae, sn phrnkãhe cukga h fhs
rnprnsnethklaens
rnprnsnethkl aens qun nekunetrhs ne
flmras y pnfãkufhs: gnrcasas snrns in hspnkta guchea, safa kae hfhs y
]ainhia in fuz mrlffhetn. Munea, nsa ea ns fa qun vl. Fa qun cn vlea
iurhetn
nsh prlcnrh vlslth `un hfda cukga cès nxtrhøa, khsl leinskrlptlmfn.
leinskrlptlmfn. Fas
Hednfns
Nf kunrpa kaeslstãh ne hfda phrnklia h ue drhe trlèedufa endra,
hpuetheia ghklh hrrlmh,
y su khmnzh nrh kaca ue trlèedufa cès pnqunøa, inskhesheia samrn nf
le`nrlar. In Pnrihi,
Nsth netlihi nrh cès kaca ueh chetls rnfldlash qun kuhfqulnr tlpa in
guchealin. Rnra,
in eunva, ea nsthmh vlneia ueh `arch `ãslkh rnhf, slea hfda il`nrnetn
 pfhea in nxlstneklh
nxlstneklh
Fa qun ea shmãh nrh qun taihs nshs vnkns ghmãh prhktlkhia nf FM]R hetns
ghmãh inspnrthia y hktlvhia drhiuhfcnetn cl slstnch in nenrdãh,
 pnrcltlìeiacn sletaelzhr 
h ueh pnqunøh mheih inf nspnktra cèdlka. Nsta `lehfcnetn rnsuftû ne qun
ya puilnrh
 phrh intnkthr hf hrkèednf infhetn
infhetn in cã. Yaihs cls iuihs samrn fh chdlh
chdlh
inshphrnklnrae
nsn cacneta in kfhrlihi y patneklh mruth, y fh nxpnrlneklh `un
slcuftèenhcnetn
nxhfthetn y htnrrhiar. Fh prnsneklh inf hrkèednf nrh khsl hmruchiarh, y
nrh kaesklnetn
ilklneia: "Ghsin cã, ilrldlìeiasn h cã ne slfnekla, pnra nsneklhfcnetn
ffhchia
 

ya. ±Hgarh qun qulnrns1" Glza qun taias fas pnfas in cl kunrpa sn
 puslnrhe in pueth.
pueth. Ynelia
 Ea nstuvn neknrrhia
neknrrhia ne nsh knfih
knfih in fh prlslûe,
prlslûe, ghmrãh shfthia
shfthia y nskhphia
ne
 pèelka. Rnra, hf lduhf qun kuhfqulnr
kuhfqulnr atrh kash ne
ne fh vlih, cn hkastucmrì
hf painr in nsa
 prnsneklh. \ h phrtlr in nsn cacneta,
cacneta, euekh cè cèss cn prnduetì sl nsthmh
nevlheia
arhklaens vhkãhs h ue uelvnrsa leil`nrnetn.
±]nkunrihs fh h`lrchklûe in qun Farrl y ya rnpntlcas phrh shkhrcn inf
karrniar in fh cunrtn1
Xun punih nsthr ne khsh, flmrn in prlslûe, vlvlneia `nflzcnetn kae cl
 Farrl.
Xun akurrh in ueh chenrh qun ea khusn ihøa h ehiln y snh phrh nf 
munea in taia, y in eledueh chenrh nsta rnvlnrth a trhldh samrn cã a cl

Rhdn 82=

 snrns qunrlias hfdueh chfilklûe.

Fa qun ea cneklaeì ne nsh phrtn inf flmra ns qun inklr nsths fãenhs nrh
 prnknilia par khsl
khsl ueh garh in rnhflzhr
rnhflzhr chdlh, prhktlkhr nf FM]R, y
trhyneia theth nenrdãh kaca snh paslmfn. Farrl
F arrl y ya eas nstèmhcas
vafvlneia cès
hkastucmrhia h trhmhjhr kae èednfns y cès gèmlf kae fh `archklûe in
nenrdãh, netaekns
Kacnekì h nvakhr cès y cès èednfns. Hf prleklpla, `un ueh tneslûe phrh
cã.
 phrh trhnr lekfusa
lekfusa ue èednf, pnra
pnra nvnetuhfcnetn fadrì
fadrì ffhchr cè
cèss
in iasklnetas iurhetn ue rltuhf. [le ncmhrda, kuheia kacnekì,
kacnezhrãh
ilmujhr ue èednf a ias y funda pnrinr in rnpnetn fh vlsuhflzhklûe. Ea
 puin
fas vna cès, ea puin rndlstrhr su prnsneklh. H vnkns lekfusa `un il`ãklf
 phrh vnr nf Rlfhr
Rlfhr Cnila karrlneia
karrlneia par cl kunrpa,
kunrpa, fh fuz slcpfncnetn
slcpfncnetn
insvhenknrsn, y taia sn vafvnrãh endra par ue phr in iãhs. @lehfcnetn, nf
fh nxpnrlneklh phsû y puin trhnr ue èednf cès qun ne cl hetnrlar 
ns`unrza. Yrhmhjhrãh phrh ilmujhr ue phr in èednfns cès, y funda taia
sn vafvnrãh endra atrh vnz.
Yneda ue hclda qun gay ns uea in fas cnjarns chdas vlvas inf cueia.
Kuheia fn kaetì cl nxpnrlneklh, nffh ilja: "Kuheia fhs kashs sn paene
endrhs
yh y tú vnr fh nenrdãh, fa qun gh suknilia ns qun ghs htrhãia cès
ea punia
 

nenrdãh in fh qun nstès flsta y ghs qunchia fas cnrlilheas in tu kunrpa

".
Hf lduhf qun fhs vnehs y fhs hrtnrlhs, fas cnrlilheas trhesparthe hflcneta
y nenrdãh, pnra
Ne fudhr in shedrn y axãdnea, fas cnrlilheas sae kaeiuktas in
nenrdãh. ^stni punin
Inshrraffhr fh khphklihi in cavnr cès nenrdãh h trhvìs in fas
cnrlilheas, pnra sn enknslth
tlncpa, thf kaca fa ghkn phrh inshrraffhr cúskufa, dhehr `unrzh y
rnslstneklh y cnjarhr 
Nf rneilclneta in su kunrpa `ãslka. Rnra hetns in qun nsa suknih, punins
`rnãr tncparhfcnetn su slstnch. [afa iurh ueas iãhs, pnra punin snr
inshfnethiar,
 par inklr fa cneas.
cneas. Fh muneh eatlklh
eatlklh ns qun kuheia tus
tus cnrlilheas sn
rnphrhe h sã clscas,
vunfvne cukga cès `unrtns qun hetns.
Nsh ns atrh rhzûe par fh kuhf ns kruklhf phshr cukga tlncpa kae nf
 prèktlkhs lelklhfns
lelklhfns Kaclnekn kkae
ae paka, `hclflhrãknsn
`hclflhrãknsn kae fhs tìkelkhs
tìkelkhs
`ueihcnethfns in
chdlh, y paka h paka vh sumlneia. Khih fnkklûe ns ue phsa cès qun q un
tn ffnvh cès hffè in tu fnkklûe hetnrlar. Nvnetuhfcnetn, nekaetrhrès qun
 punins
khehflzhr cès y cès nenrdãh. Nstay ghklneia ue pueta phrh ghmfhr in
nsta hquã
 parqun rnhflzhr
rnhflzhr nf FM]R lcpfl
lcpflkh
kh cès nenrdãh qun kuhfqulnrh in fhs
hetnrlarns
 prèktlkhs Ne kuhfqulnr
kuhfqulnr cacneta, sl nxpnrlcneth hdathclneta
hdathclneta cn cnethf
ethf a
yh ea punin
 pnrklmlr fh nenrdãh
nenrdãh kaca inskrlmã
inskrlmã hetnrlarcnetn,
hetnrlarcnetn, safa tûchtn
tûchtn ue phr in
iãhs phrh inskheshr 
y rnkupnrhrsn. In eunva, ns kaca ghknr njnrklkla. Ea punins
slcpfncnetn lr hf dlcehsla
y hpravnkghr hf cèxlca nf clsca njnrklkla taias fas iãhs:i ãhs: inmn vhrlhr su
Rhdn 82;
rutleh, inskhesn cukga y kuãinsn. Nvnetuhfcnetn krnknrès
cès `unrtn, sle cneklaehr snr cneas clsnrhmfn ne nf praknsa.
Mlne, nsthcas khsl flstas phrh rnhflzhr nf ]ltuhf in Instnrra Cnear, pnra
ya
qulnra
ustninsinklr ueh kash cès samrn nf usa in pnethdrhchs phrh hqunffas in
qulìe pairãh qunihr htrhphia ne fhs lcèdnens.
 

Fh phfhmrh pnethdrhch sn rn`lnrn h ueh nstrnffh in kleka pueths qun

thcmlìe sn kaeakn kaca
 pnethfpgh, pnethedfn a pnetèdaea nstrnffh . Ne drlnda, pnetn sldel`lkh
"kleka", qun inskrlmn
Nf eúcnra in puetas ne nsth `arch phrtlkufhr. Cneklaea taia nsta phrh
lfustrhr 
qun ea ghy ehih
e hih letrãesnkhcnetn askura, htnrrhiar
htnrrhiar a incaeãhka ne fas
 pnethdrhchs. ^e caetûe
caetûe in
fhs pnrsaehs tlnene hsaklhklaens endhtlvhs kae fh `arch inmlia h fhs
 pnfãkufhs in tnrrar
tnrrar y
Rraphdheih `ueihcnethflsth,
`ueihcnethflsth, y tn sarprneinrãhs in fh khetlihi in
 pnrsaehs qun
Rlnesn qun fas shthelsths ghe hrrlekaehia nf cnrkhia in nstrnffhs in
kleka pueths. Ne fh hktuhflihi,
fas pnethdrhchs sn ghe utlflzhia kaca sãcmafas shdrhias h fa fhrda in fh
glstarlh gucheh, y ne
hfdúe pueta, sarprnsh, sarprnsh, lekfusa fas krlstlheas ushmhe
 pnethdrhchs phrh
phrh rnprnsnethr 
Fhs kleka gnrlihs in Jnsús.
Khih vnz qun rnhflzhs nstn rltuhf, nstès krnheia ue nsphkla
shdrhia.
Rhrh snr kfhras, ne eunstra usa, nf pnethdrhch rnprnsneth fas painrns
`ueihcnethfns
in fh ehturhfnzh: fas kuhtra nfncnetas (tlnrrh, hlrn, `unda, hduh) y fa
Ilvlea. Khih pueta
in fh nstrnffh nstè hsaklhih kae nstas painrns. [lncprn ilmujhcas nf
 pnethdrhch kae
Nf pueta ghklh hrrlmh phrh rnprnsnethr nf gnkga in qun nf cueia
nsplrltuhf: Ilas, nenrdãh,
nf rnlea ntìrlka, fa Ilvlea, nf Drhe Clstnrla, kaca nfljhs ffhchrfa
- ns nf fudhr in iaein sn arldleh taia fa incès. Netaekns phrh nsth `arch
in
Chdlh, nf pnethdrhch qun hpueth ghklh hrrlmh ns phrtlkufhrcnetn
lcparthetn y shdrhia.
Ne fhs lestrukklaens h kaetleuhklûe, trhzhrès pnethdrhchs ne nf hlrn kae
tu
chea inrnkgh. Kaca ilskutã ne fhs lestrukklaens phrh fh Kruz
Xhmhfãstlkh, nsta
Fh ilrnktlvh tlnen qun vnr kae fhs hsaklhklaens trhilklaehfns
trhilklaehfns kae fhs
cheas inrnkgh n lzqulnrih, y
 

sl rnsufth qun sn slnetn cès ehturhf ilmujhr pnethdrhchs kae fh chea

lzqulnrih,
nsth mlne. Fh lestrukklûe prleklphf hquã ns sastnenr su chea ne ue
chenrh, ne fa qun sn ffhch fh nsphih cuirh : 8. Nxtlnein tus prlcnras
ias inias (ns inklr,
tus inias ãeilkn y cnila).
=. Iamfh tus atras ias inias ghklh tu phfch.
;. Klnrrn nf pufdhr samrn fas inias iamfhias.
Rèdleh 829
Fas cuirhs sae dnstas kae fhs cheas qun slcmaflzhe a hktlvhe klnrtas
nsthias in
kaeklneklh, y fh nsphih cuirh ns nspnklhfcnetn
nspnklhfcnetn n`nktlvh phrh praynkthr
nenrdãh
- phrh levakhr mneilklaens a ncpainrhr pnethdrhchs, par njncpfa. [n
ffhch
ueh nsphih cuirh parqun nstè instlehih h karthr eunstrh ldearheklh kae
rnspnkta h fh vnrihi
ehturhfnzh in fh rnhflihi y rnncpfhzhr nsh `hfth in kaeaklclneta kae
shmliurãh.
Kuheia ilmujns fas pnethdrhchs in instlnrra phrh nstn rltuhf, kaclnezh
ne
nsquleh le`nrlar lzqulnrih y trhzhr ueh fãenh ghsth nf pueta
p ueta supnrlar in fh
sãcmafa. Funda cuìvhsn h fh nsquleh le`nrlar inrnkgh, vhyh h fh
fhia lzqulnria, in vunfth hf fhia inrnkga, funda in vunfth h
nf pueta insin nf qun kacnezû ne fh nsquleh le`nrlar lzqulnrih. Rhrh
ghknr 
hsndúrnsn in qun sus pnethdrhchs tnedhe hpraxlchihcnetn nf clsca
thchøa y `arch?
ush nf thchøa in tu kunrpa kaca cainfa. Ns inklr, kuheia ilmujhs ue
 pnethdrhch `rnetn
`rnetn h ustni, kkaclnekn
aclnekn h fh hhfturh
fturh in su khinrh
khinrh lzqulnrih,
trhkn
ghklh hrrlmh ghsth ffndhr ilrnkthcnetn h fh `rnetn, cavnr 
su chea ghklh hmhja ghsth fh hfturh in su khinrh inrnkgh, ghklh iaein
gacmra lzqulnria snrãh, samrn su gacmra inrnkga, y `lehfcnetn in vunfth
ghsth fh hfturh in su khinrh lzqulnrih.
Hsã qun hgarh nstès flsta phrh rnhflzhr nf FM]R. Ynedh ne kuneth qun
slncprn qun
]nhflzh nstn rltuhf, nstès krnheia ue nsphkla shdrhia. Fa qun rnhfcnetn
nstès
nrldlrghklneia
ue tncpfansne nf qun phrtlklphr y prhktlkhr chdlh. Chdas in fh
 

nf phshia ffhcû h nsth paslklûe netrn fas cueias , qun inskrlmn kae

 prnklslûe kûca
kûca
nsthrès phrhia ne cnila in ue kãrkufa qun ghs krnhia ne nf pfhea `ãslka,
 pnra uea qun thcmlìe
thcmlìe akurrn ne nf nf rnlea nsplrltuhf.
nsplrltuhf. Nsthrès ne hfdúe
 pueta letnrcnila
letnrcnila
nstas ias cueias, uelìeiafas kae ue pln ne khih fudhr. Rarqun nstn
nsphkla ns
shdrhia, trhtn in hmarihrfa kae ueh hktltui in rnvnrneklh
rnvnrneklh a drhtltui. Nf
FM]R ns
ea safa atra njnrklkla. Nstn ns nf nsphkla ne nf qun rnhfcnetn sn rnhflzh fh
chdlh.
[l rnkunrihs nsn gnkga, tn hyuihrè h chetnenr ueh sneshklûe in infnltn,
hsacmra,
y hsacmra.
Rhdn 82>
Kûca ilmujhr ue Rnethdrhch in instlnrra
in instlnrra R]ÈKYLKH ¿ NF
¿ NF ]LY^HF IN IN[GHMLFLYHKLÛE
CNEA] INF
RNEYHD]HCH
Rarqun nf FM]R ns cukga cès kacpfnja y inthffhia qun fhs prèktlkhs
qun ghs
gnkga hetns, safa vay h a`rnknr ueh vnrslûe, y thcmlìe fh vay h racpnr 
hmhja ue paka cès in fa qun glkn kae fhs atrhs tìkelkhs. ^sn fa sldulnetn
kaca ue
duãn ghsth qun nf FM]R
F M]R sn `hclflhrlkn kae ustni? netaekns punins ghknr
cail`lkhklaens
kaca vnhs kaevnelnetn. [le ncmhrda, nf arine dnenrhf in nsths nthphs
 pramhmfncnetn inmnrãh
 pnrchenkn lduhf.
lduhf.
NYHRH 8 R]NRH]HEIA NF N[RHKLA \ ]NHFLZHEIA
FH K]^Z XHMHFL[YLKH
8. Ledrnsn nf nsphkla ne nf qun gh nfndlia rnhflzhr nstn rltuhf. Knrkh
sus ajas phrh `hklflthr fh vlsuhflzhklûe, pnra safa sl nstè ne ue
nsphkla kae nf qun nstès `hclflhrlzhia.
`hclflhrlzhia. Rarqun tn nsthrès cavlneia
iurhetn nf FM]R, ns lcparthetn qun ea traplnkns
Rhdn 820
hfda ne fh askurlihi y racpn tu kaeknetrhklûe. Yu slncprn punins
chetìe tus ajas hmlnrtas thcmlìe? hfduehs pnrsaehs lekfusa punine
vlsuhflzhr cnjar 
in [lncprn
=. nsh chenrh.
kaclnekn nf FM]R ghklneia fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh (vnh nf phsa
;
 

fh prèktlkh kacpfnth
h kaetleuhklûe, a vhyh h fh prèktlkh kacpfnth ).
 ). Fh prèktlkh sn mhshrè y
knetrhrè
ustni, hsã kaca prnphrhrsn phrh fa qun vlnen inspuìs. Nspnkã`lkhcnetn,
nf
Fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh flcplhrè sus knetras in nenrdãh n le`archrè h fas
cès pra`ueias
 phrtns in tu pslqun
pslqun qun nstès h pueta in prhkt
prhktlkhr
lkhr painrash chdlh.
chdlh.
H`artuehihcnetn,, ne nstn pueta, nstès mlne vnrshia ne ueh in fhs
H`artuehihcnetn
vnrslaens in
fh kruz khmhfãstlkh qun prnsnetì hetns. Nstay lekfuyneia ue karta
`arch trhilklaehf in fh Pnrslûe 8 hquã, ne khsa in qun enknsltn ue paka
 prndueth: ;. Kruz khmhfãstlkh rnsuclih (Pnrslûe 8) • Knrrhr 
tus ajas y cãrhtn phrhia ne nf knetra inf uelvnrsa. Yaihs
h tu hfrniniar, ne taihs fhs ilrnkklaens ghsth iaein punins vnr, ghy
nstrnffhs. Ilrnkta
su htneklûe ghsth fh klch inf uelvnrsa,
u elvnrsa, iaein vn ue
 mrlffhetn, kndhiarh
kndhiarh fuz mfhekh.
mfhekh. Nsth fuz ns fh `un
`unetn
etn in taih fh krnhklûe.
Leghfn y vnh ue rhya in fuz inskneinr in nsh `unetn, ghsth nf `lehf
h trhvìs inf uelvnrsa, ghsth qun ffndh h fh klch in tu khmnzh. Kae
fas prlcnras ias inias in su chea inrnkgh, hfkhekn y taqun su
`rnetn. Plmrhr Htng (hg-thy).
• Mhjn fh chea inrnkgh y taqun fas ias inias ghklh nf knetra.
in su pnkga clnetrhs nf rhya in fuz kaetleúh mhjheia h trhvìs in su
kunrpa, taia nf khclea ghklh hmhja ghsth ffndhr hf `aeia in
le`lelta, hekfèeiatn hffã, nerhlzèeiatn ne su fudhr y sastnelìeiatn
Yu kaeklneklh nsthmfn. Plmrhr Chfoutg (chgf-oaatg).
• Cunvh su chea ghklh su gacmra inrnkga y vnh nf rhya in fuz.
nxtlìeihsn ne nsh ilrnkklûe y shfdh in su kunrpa. Fh fuz tn hth
h nsn fhia inf uelvnrsa clnetrhs vlmrhs Pndnmurhg (vny-dnm-
 maa-rhg)
• Hgarh kafaqun sus ias inias samrn su gacmra lzqulnria kaca fh fuz
sn cunvn h trhvìs in su kunrpa y ffndh h fas kae`lens inf kascas
ne nsh ilrnkklae. In eunva, fh fuz tn hekfh hffã, in caia qun hgarh
tlnens ueh kruz in fuz qun tn chetlnen ne su fudhr. Yu
fh kaeklneklh hgarh ns sûflih kaca ueh rakh, ea lcparth fa qun
nekunetrns.
Hgarh vlmrh Pndngiufh (vny-dni-iaaf-fhg).
Rhdn 824

• Krukn
Kruz in fhs
fuzcheas samrn
mrlffhetn qunnfvlhjh
pnkga y kaetleún
h trhvìs vlsuhflzheia
in tu kunrpa. Yú nrnnfnf
knetra in taih fh krnhklûe. Hf leghfhr, fh kruz sn vunfvn cès mrlffhetn y
 

chs painrasa. Chetnedh y vlmrn  Fn Afhc, Hcìe (fnn ag-fac hg-

gacmrns).
NYHRH =

K]NHEIA FA[ RNEYHD]HCH[

8. Hgarh ns nf cacneta in dnenrhr fas pnethdrhchs (kuhtra ne tathf) ne
khih uea in fas
ilrnkklaens khrilehfns.
khrilehfns. Kaclnekn injheia qun sus mrhzas inskhesne h fas
kasthias y
khcleheia ghklh nf fhia nstn inf nsphkla qun ghs nfndlia phrh nsta
rltuhf.
=. Clrheia ghklh nf nstn, leghfh y vlsuhflzh qun taih fh nenrdãh ne nf
uelvnrsa
 phsh h trhvìs in
in tu kunrpa y insklnein
insklnein h fh Ylnrrh
Ylnrrh clsch. fas
Yaia nf pfhenth sn ffneh in fuz mfhekh. [astnedh h fh kuneth in kuhtra.
;.  Nxtlnein tu inskrlta
chea inrnkgh
lestrukklaens inskrlta
lestrukklaens ghklh nf trhzh
hetnrlarcnetn, nstn ne
uefhpnethdrhch
nsphih cuirh.
hzufRar nf
ffhcnhetn
ne nf hlrn
hetns in tl. Nsta sn kaeakn kaca ue pnethdrhch in instlnrra. Ea nrns
ilmujèeiafa kae tu praplh nenrdãh, pnra kae fh nenrdãh qun trhjlstn
inf uelvnrsa [n prnklplth ghklh htrès insin fh Ylnrrh, h trhvìs in su
kunrpa, `unrh in su chea, y inetra inf pnethdrhch.
9. ^eh vnz qun ghyh tnrclehia nf sãcmafa, leghfn eunvhcnetn. Hf lduhf
qun hetns, ilmujh
taia nf kgl inf uelvnrsa y cuìvnfa h fh Ylnrrh inmhja in tl. [n ffneh
Ylnrrh y funda rndrnsh h tu kunrpa y shfn in tu chea.
Ncpujn sus inias nxtneilias h trhvìs inf knetra inf pnethdrhch.
>. Nf pnethdrhch sn neklnein y hrin ne ueh ffhch lekrnãmfncnetn hzuf,
slclfhr 
hf kafar in ueh fuz plfata, pnra le`lelthcnetn cès mrlffhetn.
0. Hgarh ghrès vlmrhr nf prlcnr chetrh. Ne fudhr in vlmrhr inetra in tu
kunrpa kaca fa glklstn kae fh prèktlkh inf Rlfhr Cnila, clnetrhs
vakhflzhs
chetrh, vlsuhflzh nf pnethdrhch vlmrheia y mrlffheia the `unrtn kaca
827
 punins ghknrfa ghknrfa.
ghknrfa. Fas chetrhs hsaklhias
hsaklhias kae khih pnethdrhch
sae il`nrnetns eacmrns gnmrnas phrh fa Ilvlea. Nf chetrh phrh nf
 prlcnra
 pnethdrhch ns \GPG  , , a \ngawhg (yhy-ga-whg).
 

4. [nph qun nf painr inf chetrh le`uein nf pnethdrhch. Ne `rnetn in

hgarh ns ueh `arch in pneshclneta ne `arch in nstrnffh khrdhih in
nenrdãh ilvleh Ehih, eledueh nenrdãh nxtnreh in eledúe tlpa, punin
 phshr 
h trhvìs in fh mhrrnrh. Hgarh nstès pratndlia y pratndlia ne nf nstn.
7. Rlsatnh nf pln fldnrhcnetn. Nsta ns phrh snffhr fh nenrdãh ne nf
 pnethdrhch
y hsndúrnsn in qun ghdh su trhmhja.
<. Leghfh in eunva y amsnrvh kûca ffndh fh nenrdãh in taihs fhs phrtns
inf uelvnrsa.
karrlneia ghklh tu kunrpa, h trhvìs in tus plns y ghklh hmhja
knetra in fh tlnrrh Yaia nf pfhenth sn ffneh in fuz.
82. Hgarh taih nsh nenrdãh sn ilsphrh ghklh tu kunrpa y ghklh tu kunrpa.
chea. Yaihvãh usheia fh nsphih cuirh, ilmujh ueh fãenh in fuz mfhekh
qun
kaclnezh ne nf knetra inf pnethdrhch arlnethf y sn cunvn ne kãrkufa
 phrh
su inrnkgh ghsth qun ffndun hf fhia sur in su nsphkla shdrhia.
88. Hgarh nstès clrheia ghklh nf sur. Leghfn kaca fa glza hetns, tlrheia
in nenrdãh
y ffneheia fh tlnrrh in fuz. [astnedh h fh kuneth in kuhtra.
8=. Hgarh trhzh atra pnethdrhch instnrrhiar gnkga in ffhch hzuf ne nf
sur.
8;. Yacn atrh leghfhklûe, trhyneia kgl insin
i nsin taias fas rlekaens inf
uelvnrsa, cavlìeiafa ghklh hmhja h trhvìs in tu kunrpa y ffneheia fh
tlnrrh
kae nsh fuz Netaekns fh nenrdãh vunfvn h tu kunrpa y netrh
tu chea, y kafakhs tus inias ne nf knetra in nstn eunva
 pnethdrhch
89. Clrh kaca nf pnethdrhch inf sur krnkn lekrnãmfncnetn mrlffhetn kae
hzuf
`unda.
Rhdn 82<
8>. Hgarh vhs h khrdhr nstn sãcmafa nxhkthcnetn kaca fa glklstn hetns,
safa qun nsth vnz ushrès nf chetrh HIEL (Hiaehl) , praeueklhia (hg-
iae-nyn) Nsth ns atrh phfhmrh gnmrnh qun sldel`lkh "[nøar". Clrh kaca
nf pnethdrhch vlmrh y shmn qun fa gh le`ueilia kae
Lekrnãmfn nenrdãh.
80. Leghfh
84. Rlsatnhytuvlsuhflzh
pln eunvhcnetn
fh fuz qunphrh snffhr
netrh ne tlfhynenrdãh.
ffneh fh tlnrrh.
Hduheth kaca hetns.
 

87. Hgarh, clnetrhs fh nenrdãh vunfvn h tu kunrpa, ush nf

inias in fh nsphih cuirh phrh ilmujhr ueh fãenh in fuz mfhekh insin nf
knetra inf pnethdrhch sur hfrniniar inf fhia akklinethf in su
nsphkla shdrhia.
8<. Clrheia ghklh nf anstn, leghfh y ffneh fh tlnrrh kae fh nenrdãh inf
uelvnrsa qun phsh par tu kunrpa. [astnedh h fh kuneth in kuhtra.
=2. Hgarh trhzh atra pnethdrhch instnrrhiar gnkga in ffhch hzuf ne nf
Anstn. Hgarh tlnen trns pnethdrhchs kaenkthias kae ueh fãenh in
kndhiarh in fuz mfhekh.
=8. Clnetrhs leghfhs in eunva, trhn nenrdãh in vunfth h fh tlnrrh y amsnrvh
nf
Yaia nf pfhenth sn ffneh in fuz mfhekh. ^eh vnz cès, fh nenrdãh leueih
in eunva ne tu kunrpa y ne tu chea clnetrhs kafakhs tus inias ne
nf knetra inf pnethdrhch hzuf ne ffhchs. In eunva, nf pnethdrhch
 mrlffh lekrnãmfncnetn
lekrnãmfncnetn mrlffhetn.
mrlffhetn.
==. Nf chetrh phrh nf pnethdrhch akklinethf ns HGLG  a  a Ngnlng
(praeueklhia ng-gnn-yhy). ]nkaeaknrès nsta kaca uea in fas ilvleas
eacmrns qun vlmrhstn iurhetn fh prèktlkh inf Rlfhr Cnila. Nstn chetrh
fn rnkunrih qun ueh phrtn ini n ustni slncprn nstè kaenkthih h fh `unetn in
fh ilvlelihi, fh `unetn in fh krnhklûe, y nsh khineh euekh sn punin
racpnr.
Ynedh nsta ne kuneth clnetrhs ilkn nstn chetrh y vnh nf pnethdrhch
Rhdn 882
vlmrhr.
=;. Kaca hetns, plsh `unrtn phrh snffhr fh nenrdãh ne nf anstn
 pnethdrhch
=9. Leghfh eunvhcnetn, nxtrhn nenrdãh inf uelvnrsa y ffneh fh tlnrrh kae
nsn kgl
=>. Nxghfh, y clrh fh fuz mfhekh karrnr in rndrnsa h trhvìs in tus plns,
h trhvìs in tu kunrpa, `unrh in tu mrhza y inetra in fh nsphih
cuirh. Ilmujhr 
atrh fãenh gnkgh in fuz mfhekh mrlffhetn qun kaenkth nf knetra in fh
 pnethdrhch akklinethf
akklinethf hf fhia eartn
eartn in su nsphkla.
nsphkla.
=0. Clrheia ghklh nf eartn, vhs h ghknr nxhkthcnetn fa qun ghs gnkga
hetns:
leghfhr, nxtrhnr nenrdãh, sastnenr y ilmujhr atra insvhenklclneta hzuf
ffhcnhetn
 pnethdrhch
=4. ]nsplrh
 painr vafvnrinh eunva, ffneh
netrhr ne
netrhr fh tlnrrh
pa y in
su kunrpa
kunr nenrdãhghk
cavnrsn y vlsuhflzh
ghklh taianxtneilias
lh fas inias nxtnsa
neilias
in
 

tu nsphih cuirh. Kafakh nsas inias ne nf knetra in nsth `lehf

 pnethdrhch, y clrh
clrh kaca mrlffh
mrlffh ue hzuf lekrnãmfncnetn
lekrnãmfncnetn mrlffhetn.
mrlffhetn.
=7. Hgarh vlmrh nf pnethdrhch inf eartn kae nf chetrh HDFH (hg-dhy-
fh). Eunvhcnetn, nstn ns ue hkrûelca gnmrna qun rnprnsneth fh `unetn in
taia
krnhklûe. Kaca hetns, nstès le`ueilneia hf pnethdrhch nf painr in
Nstn sheta eacmrn. Nstès pradrhcheia nf sãcmafa in ffhchs in chenrh
qun
fa pratndnrè in kuhfqulnr nenrdãh nxtnreh qun letnetn letnr`nrlr a
Èmrntn khclea ghklh tu nsphkla shdrhia.
=<. Hprlnth nf pln, snffh fh nenrdãh n leghfh phrh rnkupnrhr fh nenrdãh
h fh tlnrrh insin taias fas rlekaens inf kascas. H`nrrhrsn h fh kuneth in
kuhtra.
;2. Nxghfh. Fh nenrdãh rndrnsh h tu kunrpa insin fh tlnrrh y
sn cunvn `unrh in fas inias nxtneilias in su chea h cnilih qun
kacpfnth nf

Rèdleh 888
kãrkufa in fuz mfhekh insin nstn úftlca pnethdrhch ghsth nf arldlehf
instnrrheia pnethdrhch ne nf nstn.
;8. Rèrhtn ne nf knetra in tu nsphkla shdrhia. Ne nf aja in tu cnetn, clrh
taia
hfrniniar tuya. Infhetn in tl ghy ue pnethdrhch hzuf ne ffhchs, y
Yhcmlìe ghy uea intrès in ustni y h khih fhia in su kunrpa. [ae
taia kaenkthia par nf kãrkufa in fuz mfhekh h trhvìs in sus cnilas qun
rnkarrn taia nf shfûe. Letneth vlsuhflzhr taia nsta qun
qun ghs krnhia hf clsca tlncpa: kuhtra nstrnffhs hzufns y ue mfheka
 mrlffhetn
klrkufa.
;=. Leghfn y vnh taia mrlffheia húe cès letneshcnetn qun hetns.
[astnefa y clrh kûca taia hrin mrlffhetncnetn.
mrlffhetncnetn.
;;. Rar úftlca, nxghfh. Yaia nf hlrn shfn in tu kunrpa, pnra taih fh
nenrdãh
sn qunih ne
NYHRH ; NPAKHEIA H FA[ H]KÈEDNFN[
8. Hgarh ns nf cacneta in nvakhr h fas hrkèednfns phrh qun ghdhe
duhrilh y prnstne sus
 painr. Levakhr h nstas èednfns ns uea in fas cès slcpfns, pnra fh
fh
chyarãh
rltuhfns
ffhcheian`nktlvas y pratnktarns qun punins rnhflzhr. Yhcmlìe nstès
nffas phrh mneinklr fh chdlh qun ghs pracufdhia ne nstn kãrkufa shdrhia.
 

Kuheia lchdlens h fas èednfns, tne ne kuneth fa qun rnprnsnethe: nf

ilrnkklaens, nfncnetas, nsthias cnethfns, trhjns in fas Hrkheas Cnearns
ne nf
Yhrat, y sus nsthklaens phrtlkufhrns. ]nhfcnetn trhtn in snetlr khih uea h
su vnz.
Khih hrkèednf hdrndh hfda hilklaehf h tu kãrkufa shdrhia. thcmlìe
snphe qun juetas fas èednfns sn uene phrh `archr hfda trhskneinetn
- hfda húe cès hfta y cès painrasa qun fh such in sus
nenrdãhs leilvliuhfns Yaihs sus `arthfnzhs chdel`lkhihs netrhe ne tu
kãrkufa
y prnsthe sus mneilklaens h fh chdlh qun nstès rnhflzheia. \
rnkunrin: nstn ea ns ue njnrklkla hmstrhkta: trhldh thetas snetlias
ne junda kaca punihs y rnhfcnetn kacpracntn
kacpracntn tu lchdlehklûe. Chs
rnhf y vãvlia sn slnetn phrh ustni, kuheta cès painr fn mrlein h su
Chdlh Nxpnrlcneth nstn rltuhf kae thetas elvnfns y hspnktas in
tu snr fa cès paslmfn

88=
=. Rrlcnra, ffhchrès hf hrkèednf ]h`hnf . Rèrhtn ne nf knetra in
su nsphkla shdrhia, clrn ghklh nf nstn ueh vnz cès y nxtlneih fas mrhzas
ghklh
tus kasthias, ghklneia ueh kruz in tu kunrpa.
;. Hgarh knetrh tu htneklûe ne nf pnethdrhch hzuf ne ffhchs qun tlnens
infhetn.
Leghfh y vn h ]hpghnf infhetn in tl the mrlffhetn kaca punihs.
rnspfheiar? vnrfa nxpheilìeiasn `unrh inf knetra inf pnethdrhch,
lekrnãmfncnetnn drhein y nfnvhia samrn nf nsphkla qun ghs krnhia, kaca
lekrnãmfncnet
sl
`archeia
nstè gnkgaueh phrni
in ueh fuzyhchrlffh
ghklneiamrlffhetn
duhrilhasamrn tu slne.
qun ush Lchdleh
túelkhs qun ìf
hchrlffhs
rhilhetns,
y ìf sastlnen ue khiukna. Ns paslmfn qun ghyh vlsta nstn sãcmafa hetns ne
ue kaesuftarla cìilka a ne ueh flmrnrãh cnth`ãslkh
cnth`ãslkh a in fh Eunvh Nrh:
 phrnkn
kaca ueh vhrlth a ue mhstûe netrnfhzhias par ias snrplnetns. Lchdleh
qun slnetns ue
 mrlsh `rnskh in prlchvnrh: fffneh
fneh inf hlrn kèflia
kèflia y gúcnia in fh
tncparhih. Ffhchih
ncltn nsn rlka afar h eunvh vlih y `farns ne klnrens, y nskukgh nf
vhrlas
9. pèjhras
 Hgarh n lesnktas
il: "Hetns ykhetheia
a, ]h`hnf"h (rh`-nn-nf).
qun ya, tu hfrniniar.Kuheia ilkns: "Hetns
ya ", ush tu vaz earchf, pnra kuheia ilkns nf eacmrn inf èednf,
 

vlmrn kaca fa glza hetns kae fas chetrhs. Pnr nf hednf

vlmrh y krnkn húe cès mrlffhetn y painrasa h cnilih qun vakhflzhs su
eacmrn.
>. Hgarh ns nf cacneta in nvakhr h Dhmrlnf ne nf anstn. Rnrchenknr in
 pln iaein
ustni nstè, taihvãh clrheia ghklh nf nstn, pnra ilrldn su htneklûe hf
instnrra
 pnethdrhch qun krnhstn
krnhstn ne nf anstn
anstn qun hgarh nstè
nstè intrès in tl.
tl. Pìhfa
kaca
kfhrhcnetn kaca punihs.
0. Leghfn Yhf kaca fa lchdlehmhs hetns kae ]hpghnf, Dhmrlnf krnkn
Chdeã`lkhcnetnn drhein `unrh inf knetra inf pnethdrhch akklinethf. Nffh
Chdeã`lkhcnet
sn vunfvn nearcn, pratndlneia tu nsphkla shdrhia kaetrh kuhfqulnr
hcnehzh in
nf anstn. Dhmrlnf ush túelkhs hzufns: nf kafar inf klnfa rn`fnjhia ne
hduh inf akìhea, y nffh sastlnen ue kèflz hiarehia. Runins snetlr nf ataøa
ne nf hlrn? tlnen nsh lekae`ueilmfn `rnskurh krujlnetn.
krujlnetn. Kuheia nrhs ue
eløa, ±kûca saehmh kruzhr ue phtla kumlnrta in
gajhs qunmrhilzhs y krujlnetns1 Injh qun fh nenrdãh in fh khãih leuein tu
tncpfa
88;
kae taihs fhs hsaklhklaens snesarlhfns qun tn ffndhe. ]nkunrih nf
khcmlheia fas afarns in fas èrmafns y fh glnrmh, y rnkunrin fh sneshklûe
in
hetlklphklûe qun nxpnrlcnethstn
nxpnrlcnethstn kuheia nrhs eløa kuheia sn hknrkhmh
Ghffawnne.
Yrhn taia nsa.
4.  Leghfn (dhy-
Dhmrlnf" in eunva, kaetnedh fh rnsplrhklûe y ildh: "Intrès in cã,
Mrnn-nf), ghklneia vlmrhr su eacmrn kaca hetns. NffhN ffh mrlffh
lekrnãmfncnetnn mrlffhetn -
lekrnãmfncnet
^e hzuf mrlffhetn. Yaia samrn Dhmrlnf qun ghs kaevakhia
- su hphrlneklh y taia fa qun h`lflhs hf ataøa - kacmleh
kae fh nenrdãh in fh prlchvnrh qun ffhchstn hetns.
7. Rnrchenkn ne nf knetra inf tncpfa qun ghs krnhia. Funda, tu
nvakh h Clkghnf ne nf sur. Kaekìetrhtn hgarh ne nf hzuf ffhcnhetn
 pnethdrhch ne fh phrni sur in susu nsphkla.
<. Leghfn y vnh h Clkghnf nxpheilrsn insin nf knetra inf instlnrra
 pnethdrhch h su
 pratndlìeiatn sin
u inrnkgh.
kuhfqulnrKaca hetns,
hetn
pnfldra
pnfldra s, nf hrkèednf
patneklhf ihøasninf
a ihøa vunfvn
sur. nearcn,
nearcn,
 

Clkghnf ush túelkhs in kafar raja `unda y sastlnen ueh nsphih. [lnetn
ueh nxpfaslûe in khfar 
nf hlrn snka vlnen inf fhia inrnkga, kaca sl in rnpnetn
lecnrsa ne cnila in ue letnesa iãh in vnrhea. [l hfdueh vnz ghs
nsthia ne nf inslnrta y snetã fh mrlsh èrlih ne tu plnf, nsa ns fa qun

sn slnetn
`rnetn kaca hgarh
a nsphfih, Yhf vnz
y gunfns nsh ncplnzhs h snetlrqun
kèflih inseuinz nf suiar
ns theraihr par tu
 phrtlkufhr h fas
fas iãhs in vnrhea.
vnrhea. Nskukghs fas lesnk
lesnktas
tas qunjucmrasas in fh
tncparhih, hsã kaca nf iìmlf vlneta ne fhs rhchs in fas èrmafns knrkheas.
Yhf vnz rnkunrins rnkunrias jueta h fh plskleh y nskukgns h atras eløas
drltheia y kghpatnheia ne nf hduh. Ne kacphrhklûe kae nf hlrn, nf hduh
ns
sarprneinetncnetnn `rãa par nf kaetrhrla, pnra sn slnetn mlnevnelia,
sarprneinetncnet
a`rnklneia lecnilhthcnetn
lecnilhthcnetn
hflvla inf khfar Lchdleh taia nsta y cès. Yrhn fa vãvlia
nenrdãh inf vnrhea ne su tncpfa, y snphe qun pravlnen in
Cldunf? snph qun ìf nstè prnstheia taia nstn painr nfncnethf h su
Chdlh
82. Kaca hetns, leghfh fnethcnetn y vlmrh tu vlsuhflzhklûe in
hrkèednf. Il: "Ne cl chea inrnkgh, Clkghnf" (cnn-ohl-nf), y clrh
889
ìf mrlffh letneshcnetn y cès painrasa.
88. Hgarh ffhchrès h ^rlnf . Ilrldn tu htneklûe hf cura eartn
in su nsphkla shdrhia y vnh nf pnethdrhch in instlnrra qun krnû
hgã.
8=. H cnilih qun leghfhs, ^rlnf krnkn cès y cès, nxpheilìeiasn insin
nf
 pnethdrhch
tn pratndnrè hy su
spratndnrè
u lzqulnrih. Kaekuhfqulnr
kaetrh su krnklnetn
krnklnetn
ihøaprnsneklh,
prnsn
inf eklh,
eartn.snph qun ìf
^rlnf
sastlnen ue pnetèkufa, ueh nstrnffh in kleka pueths ne ue ilska rniaeia,
y ush
Yúelkhs tnrrashs inf kafar inf vnrin masqun. [u prnsneklh kaetrhsth
`unrtncnetn.
h fh in Clkghnf, yh qun ^rlnf trhn fh sneshklûe hduih in ue levlnrea
gnfhia
eakgn, inf tlpa iaein punins vnr fhs nstrnffhs mrlffheia ne fh ilstheklh
Kaca ilhchetns `rãas. Nf hlrn ns snka y neìrdlka, y sn higlnrn h su
kunrpa.
kaca atrhnfkhph
levlnrea: in plnf
saelia dìflih.
hphdhia in[lnetn taia
fh elnvn fa qun hsaklhs
khyneia, fh `arch ne qun fh fuz
 mrlffh
 

glnfa, kûca sn slnetn ne sus `ashs ehshfns leghfhr hlrn gnfhia, nsn
 pnkuflhr 
netucnklclneta
netucnklcln eta ne fas inias in cheas y plns, fh `nflklihi (a trlstnzh)
qun
nxpnrlcnethia ne fh chøheh in Ehvlihi kaca ue eløa. Kuhfqulnrh qun

snh tu
hsaklhklaens sae, injh qun leueine tu tncpfa. Nsth ns fh nxpnrlneklh in
^rlnf iheia su mneilklûe h tu chdlh.
8;. Hgarh il: "Ne cl chea lzqulnrih, ^rlnf" (yur-nn-nf), y cãrhfa vlmrhr 
 painrashcnetn kuheia
kuheia ilkns su eac
eacmrn.
mrn.
89. Yaihs fhs sneshklaens qun ghs trhãia in taias fas ilvnrsas
nfncnetas y nsthklaens hgarh sn cnzkfhe y sn cnzkfhe, y nffas
hucneta nxpaeneklhf ne nf painr. [lnetn qun taih nsth nenrdãh sn
letnesl`lkh y
 mrlffh clnetrhs
clnetrhs tn phrhs ne
ne cnila in tu tncpfa,
tncpfa, rainhia par nf
kuhtra hrkèednfns
8>. Hquã ns iaein trhlda h ias èednfns cès: Cnthtrae y [heihfpgae.
Rrlcnra, nvakhrès h Cnthtrûe : nf èednf ilja qun nsthmh cès knrkh inf
`unetn in taih fh krnhklûe. Kaca hetns, quìinsn iaein nstè, safa
ilrnkthcnetn
tu htneklûe hf nsphkla hmlnrta samrn tu slne, samrn tu khmnzh.
88> in 887<.
80. Cnthtrae nstè vnstlia kae túelkhs mfhekhs kndhiarhs, kaca sl
nstuvlnrhe gnkghs h chea.
In pura krlsthf. Hfduehs pnrsaehs fa vlsuhflzhe in pln? hfdueas fa vne
snethia ne ue traea mrlffhetn. In kuhfqulnr chenrh, Cnthtrae ea nstè
rnprnsnethia
sastnelneia kuhfqulnr kash, parqun ìf ns fh nekhrehklûe in fa nsplrltuhf
 pura
nenrdãh, qun nstè cès hffè in taias fas slstnchs in slcmaflsca. Kaca tu
vnhs
ìf, Cnthtrae pratndn tu tncpfa insin hrrlmh, pratndlìeiafa
kacpfnthcnetn
y pratndlìeiatn in kuhfqulnr kash ne nsh ilrnkklûe.
84. Leghfn y amsnrvn kaca Cnthtrae sn nxphein húe cès. Hduheth fh
rnsplrhklûe
ildh su eacmrn (cnt-hg-trae), y vnh su lchdne vlmrhr kae painr.
87. Hsã kaca Cnthtrûe nstè cès knrkh in fh ilvlelihi, [heihfpgae nstè
cès knrkhchtnrlhf
Nf pfhea in in fh rnhflihi. Rhrh nvakhrfh, ilrldn tu htneklûe
hmhja, inmhja in tus plns y ne fh tlnrrh clsch.
 

8<. [heihfpgae ush túelkhs in kafar chrrûe pèflia. Nstn kafar rnprnsneth

cnjar nf
 pfhea chtnrlhf
chtnrlhf ne su tathflihi.
tathflihi. Hue hsã, [heihfpgae mrlffh
mrlffh letneshcnetn,
letneshcnetn,
sastnelneia ueh kareukaplh, nf kunrea in fh hmueiheklh. [l ea nsths
`hclflhrlzhia

kae
ueh fh `arch ne qun sn rnprnsneth nsth lchdne, dnenrhfcnetn sn vn kaca
makleh
knsth in clcmrn qun rnmash in `ruths y vnriurhs. Nsth
Nf sãcmafa rnprnsneth eunstrh khphklihi in chel`nsthr eunstras insnas,
qun lekfuyne
 praspnrlihi tnrrnehf
tnrrnehf [heihfpgae klnrrh
klnrrh tu tncpfa insin hmhja y
tn pratndn insin hmhja phrh qun ea netrne nenrdãhs ea insnhihs
tu nsphkla shdrhia insin nsh ilrnkklûe.
=2. ]nsplrh y clrh kaca [heihfpgae (shge-iaff-pgae) vlmrh kuheia
ilkns su eacmrn
=8. Hgarh nstès neknrrhia par snls èednfns, hsndurheia tu tncpfa in
taias
ilrnkklaens. ]nkunrin thcmlìe qun ghe prnsthia su
 painrns hucnethias
hucnethias h tu chdlh. Pls
Plsuhflzh
uhflzh h fas èedn
èednfns
fns ne taihs sus
Dfarlh kacmlehih par ueas cacnetas.

NYHRH 9
]ND]N[HEIA
DNEN]HEIA FHH FA[ RNEYHD]HCH[,
N[Y]NFFH IN [NL[
]H\A[ \ PL[^HFLZHEIA
880
FH N[@N]H R]AYNKYA]H
8. Punfvh su htneklûe h fas pnethdrhchs, leghfn y vnh kûca sn qunche
kae ueh ffhch hzuf húe cès mrlffhetn. Plsuhflzh thcmlìe nf kãrkufa in
 mfheka.
fuz qun rainh fh tathflihi in tu tncpfa.
=. Leghfn
;.  Hgarh ildh:
y vnh "Rarqun h cl hfrniniar
ue gnxhdrhch `fhcnhe
ne nf knetra in sufas pnethdrhchs".
pnkga - ue snls pueths
 

nstrnffh qun kaesth in ias trlèedufas netrnfhzhias, uea hpuetheia ghklh

hrrlmh y
uea hpuetheia ghklh hmhja. Nf trlèedufa qun hpueth ghklh hrrlmh nstè
gnkga in fuz rajh y
nf qun hpueth ghklh hmhja ns hzuf. Nstn sãcmafa rnprnsneth nf kacpfnta

nqulflmrla
Pnh in taias fas
nstn gnxhdrhch ilvnrsas
kae nfncnetas
fh chyar kfhrlihi qun ghs ffhchia
paslmfn h tu tncpfa.
y kaekìetrnsn ne ìf
iurhetn hfdueas
cacnetas
9. Leghfn y amsnrvn kaca fh nstrnffh in snls pueths mrlffh cès y cès.
[astnedh, nxghfn y ildh: "Inetra in cã mrlffh fh nstrnffh in snls
rhyas". Kuheia
nxghfhs, nf hlrn hmheiaeh tu kunrpa, pnra taih fh nenrdãh pnrchenkn.
>. Punfvh su htneklûe hf kãrkufa in fuz mfhekh qun krnû, nf
uea qun rainh tu nsphkla shdrhia h trhvìs in fas kuhtra pnethdrhchs.
Chetnedh fas mrhzas nxtneilias ghklh fas kasthias y dlrn fhs phfchs phrh
qun
qun clrhe ghklh hrrlmh
0. Hgarh leghfh y fnvheth fas mrhzas ghsth qun fhs phfchs sn juetne hrrlmh
su khmnzh (khsl kaca sl nstuvlnrh ghklneia ueh nspnkln in shfta ne
kèchrh fneth
Jhko kae fas mrhzas). Clnetrhs ghkns nsta, lchdleh qun tus mrhzas nstèe
tlrheia inf kãrkufa in fuz mfhekh ghsth qun sn klnrrn par neklch in tu
khmnzh kaca
ue iaca.
4. Hgarh lchdleh qun taia tu tncpfa nstè snffhia par nsth fuz mfhekh
insin hrrlmh. Leghfn y vnh kûca nsth mrlffhetn kúpufh sn vunfvn húe cès
 mrlffhetn.
7. Nxghfn y nxtlneih fas mrhzas ghklh fas kasthias, kaca sl hfkhezhrh
Rèdleh 884
Nf kãrkufa in fuz. Clnetrhs leghfh, mhjn fnethcnetn fas mrhzas phrh
taqun juetas hf elvnf in su kleturh. Hf ghknrfa, lchdleh qun nf
nf kãrkufa in fuz kaclnezh h cavnrsn drhiuhfcnetn ghklh hmhja ghsth qun
sn klnrrh
inmhja in tl. Hgarh tn nekunetrhs ne cnila in tu nsphkla shdrhia, qun
nstè nevunfta ne ueh ns`nrh in fuz ilvleh.
<. Leghfn y vnh nsth ns`nrh in fuz mrlffhr theta kaca punih
lchdãenfa. Hgarh nstès vnrihinrhcnetn netrn cueias ne ue tncpfa in tu
krnhklûe
ns`nrh. praplh, y eledueh nenrdãh endhtlvh punin pnentrhr nstn shdrhia
 

82. Nxghfh. Kaca hetns, nf hlrn sn hphdh, pnra taih fh nenrdãh pnrchenkn

hinetra.
NYHRH > R]ÈKYLKH CÈDLKH HILKLAEHF \
KN]]HEIA NF ]LY^HF
8. Ne nstn pueta, ghs krnhia ue tncpfa cèdlka justa iaein
nsthr. Ghs
Hgarh nstèmneinklia nf nsphkla
kacpfnthcnetn flsta yphrh
fa ghs flcplhia
prèktlkhs in taih endhtlvlihi.
hilklaehfns a kuhfqulnr
`arch in chdlh.
insnh pracufdhr.
=. ^eh vnz qun ghyhs tnrclehia, kaekfuyn rnhflzheia fh Kruz Xhmhfãstlkh
ueh vnz cès.
;. Yûchtn tu tlncpa, injh qun fhs vlsuhflzhklaens sn ilsunfvhe, hpfhuin y
Punfvh fnethcnetn h ue nsthia earchf in kaeklneklh. Hsndúrhtn in ghknr 
nsta
suhvncnetn y pnrclth taia nf tlncpa qun enknsltn. Nsth trheslklûe
inmnrãh
 Ea sn hprnsurn.
hprnsurn.in nsth chenrh, lekfusa inspuìs in kaekfulr tu chdlh y
9. Rrhktlkheia
injh nstn nsphkla shdrhia: fh nenrdãh ilvleh qun ghs ffhchia vafuethi
quìihtn y mneiãkntn h cnilih qun hvhezhs ne tu iãh.
Ghklh hinfhetn Kaca pramhmfncne
pramhmfncnetn tn punihs
vnr, nf FM]R
tach mhsthetn trhmhja prnflclehr fadrhrfa,
887

tach mhsthetn trhmhja prnflclehr fadrhrfa,

Ns par nsa qun ghs trhmhjhia ghsth nstn elvnf
in chdlh Nf FM]R thcmlìe tach ue
lcparthetn
kacpraclsa in tlncpa y nenrdãh, taia vhfn fh
pneh
fhs kashs ghkne Rnra ea injns qun nsn
kacpraclsa tn intnedh
in rnhflzhr nf FM]R rndufhrcnetn, y ea plnesns
 

qun tlnens qun phrtlklphr ne fh prèktlkh

kacpfnth phrh
rnklmh hfdueas in fas mnen`lklas thedlmfns. Rar
njncpfa,
punins ffhchr h fas hrkèednfns ne kuhfqulnr
cacneta iurhetn
su iãh phrh pratnkklûe u
arlnethklûe. [lcpfncnetn leghfhr
y vnr uea in nffas infhetn in tl ne taias sus
mrlffhetnz y dfarlh. Ildhcas qun nstès
amtnelneia
Flsta phrhHetns
chøheh. kaeiuklr
in tl hf trhmhja par fh
neklnein tu huta y kaclnezh tu vlhjn, safa tach
ue
hfduehs rnsplrhklaens y vlsuhflzh hf hrkèednf
Cldunf
in pln jueta h tu huta y prndueth par su
mneilklûe. \a usa hfdueh vnrslûe in fa
sldulnetn: Nrns
hgarh ne nf khclea in ihr `arch h tu prapla
instlea.
 Cldunf, hrkèednf inf sur, in `unda, in karhjn, in vhfnetãh , plia
qun cn pratnjhs y cn chetnedhs h shfva ne cl vlhjn hf trhmhja.
A thf vnz yh ghs ffndhia h trhmhjhr in chenrh sndurh. [lìethtn ne tu
nskrltarla, tach ue
^eas cacnetas phrh rnkacpaenrsn hetns in qun kaclnekn nf iãh,
leghfhr y vlsuhflzhr 
qun ]h`hnf nstè h tu fhia, mrlffheia y nxpheilìeiasn.
 ]h`hnf, hrkèednf inf nstn, inf letnfnkta tn plia qun cn mneildhs
 y `hvarnknrcn h cnilih qun hvhekn phrh qun punih rneilr hf cèxlca
in cl
 

ghmlflihi nstn iãh.

Hsã ns kaca kaevnrtlr fh chdlh ne ue glfa qun htrhvlnsh tu vlih, ne fudhr
in
h hfda rnfndhia h su ghmlthklûe ne fh chøheh a ne fh eakgn kuheia ehiln
cès nstè hfrniniar. Fh chdlh punin kaevnrtlrsn ne ueh phrtn letndrhf in
khih hspnkta in tu vlih
Rhdn 88<
- ea safa ue phshtlncpa akhslaehf a ueh hktlvlihi tnrklhrlh. Kuheta cès
 prhktlquns y
Kuheth cès htneklûe y nenrdãh ilrljhs ghklh fh chdlh, cès tn ihrè
nsphfih. Chdlko sn kaevnrtlrè ne tu chnstra, tu duãh. Yn gghmfhrè,
hmfhrè, mhlfh
Kaetlda, tn pratnja. Rnra safa fa ghrè sl hphrnkns, prnsths htneklûe y
hflcnethfa. \ sl qulnrns vnr quì chdlh tlnen phrh castrhrtn, prlcnra
inmns hmrlr 
tus ajas.
Kaca eath `lehf hetns in hvhezhr, safa qulnra
qu lnra inklr qun ne nstn pueta
- sl gh nsthia sldulneia, trhmhjheia kae fhs prèktlkhs ilfldnetncnetn, y
 prnstheia htneklûe
htneklûe h kûca fh ch
chdlh
dlh gh kacnezhia h judhr ue phpnf khihkhih
vnz cès lcparthetn ne tu vlih,
ne rnhflihi punins ffhchrtn chda. Injh qun fh ncaklûe y fh ncaklûe in
nsa
sucìrdntn. Xunih cukga par hprneinr y nxpfarhr, pnra hgarh nstès ne nf
khclea in
`archeia tu prapla instlea, y tlnens fhs gnrrhclneth
g nrrhclnethss enknshrlhs phrh
ilrldlr tu vlih
kuhfqulnr ilrnkklûe qun insnns.

Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf Yzhpgolnf 8=2

Rhdn 8=8

RH]YN LP
R]ÈKYLKH[ HILKLAEHFN[
Rhdn 8==
 

^EH
89
NF ]LY^HF CNEA] IN LEPAKHKLÛE INF
RNEYHD]HCH
Kaca inskrlmã ne fh phrtn
fh phrtn LLL ,
LLL , punin ushr nf ]ltuhf in instnrra cnear in
nf Rnethdrhch phrh flcplhr su netarea lecnilhta in nenrdãhs ea insnhihs
qun pairãhe letnrpaenrsn ne nf khclea in fh chdlh qun insnhs
i nsnhihs

rnhflzhr. Ne klnrta snetlia, nf

FM]R nxpufsh taih fh nenrdãh in tu nsphkla shdrhia. Rar nf kaetrhrla, nf
rltuhf qun nstay h pueta
inskrlmlr, nf ]ltuhf in Levakhklûe Cnear inf Rnethdrhch,
R nethdrhch, ns
nspnkã`lkhcnetn
instlehia h htrhnr cès nenrdãh h ue èrnh. Fh nenrdãh qun htrhns h trhvìs
in nsta
Nf rltuhf sn punin utlflzhr phrh patneklhr tu chdlh y hcpfl`lkhrfh. [le
ncmhrda, hetns
rnhflzhr nf rltuhf in levakhklûe cnear y trhnr taia nsn kgl, sldun slneia
ue
 muneh linh kacpfnthr
kacpfnthr ue FM]R kacpfnta
kacpfnta in hetnchea
hetnchea phrh flcplhr
flcplhr y
kaeshdrhr 
tu tncpfa
Inmlia h qun yh tlnen ue nsqunch kacpfnta inf FM]R, ea netrhrì ne
cukgas inthffns hquã, parqun nf rltuhf in levakhklûe cnear sn rnhflzh
nxhkthcnetn in fh clsch chenrh
chenrh, kae ueh nxknpklûe: trhzhs tus pnethdrhchs ne ue phtrûe
il`nrnetn (kaca
sn cunstrh ne fh sldulnetn lfustrhklûe). Fas pnethdrhchs in levakhklûe sn
trhzhe in hrrlmh h hmhja
hmhja, ns inklr, kacnezheia ne nf pueta supnrlar, mhjheia h fh phrtn
le`nrlar lzqulnrih,
y kaetleuheia ghklh fh nsquleh supnrlar inrnkgh, y hsã suknslvhcnetn, ne
fh
fasilrnkklûe apunsth
pnethdrhchs in
in instlnrra kae fas qun yh ghs trhmhjhia.
Hf krnhr fas pnethdrhchs in hrrlmh h hmhja, dnenrh fas sãcmafas ne
 

in fh clsch chenrh qun fa glza fh cnetn ilvleh kuheia ila h fuz h taih
fh nxlstneklh. fas
Nf pueta supnrlar inf pnethdrhch rnprnsneth nf rnlea supnrlar in fa
Ilvlea.
hfdueas ffhche nspãrltu - y fh nsquleh le`nrlar lzqulnrih rnprnsneth fh
tlnrrh iaein
rnlea - nf taihs fhs kashs chtnrlhfns sn chel`lnsthe y
nxlstne. Ilmujheia tus pnethdrhchs
in hrrlmh ghklh hmhja, fn rnkunrihs h tu cnetn sumkaesklnetn qun taih fh
krnhklûe
sn arldleû ne fas pfheas vlmrhklaehfns supnrlarns
supnrlarns hetns in inskneinr
i nskneinr y
tachr 
`arch rnkaeaklmfn ne fh Ylnrrh. Netaekns nstès lcltheia hf krnhiar inf
uelvnrsa, ne
8=;
fnjas. Kaclnezhs paelneia nenrdãh ne nf hspnkta hstrhf in fh lchdne? sn
enknslth
`arch, sn `arthfnkn y funda sn chel`lnsth ne nf pfhea `ãslka.
Kuheia ghkncas nf ]ltuhf in instlnrra cnear inf Rnethdrhch,
nflclehcas taia
nenrdãhs ea insnhihs in ue èrnh y purl`lkhrfh phrh fh sldulnetn nthph in
eunstra praknsa.
Fh sldulnetn nthph ns levakhr fhs nenrdãhs kae fhs qun qunrncas trhmhjhr
ne ue èrnh. Easatras
ghknr nsa nxhkthcnetn kaca glklcas nf FM]R, pnra kae uea pnqunøa
 pnra lcparthetn
lcparthetn
il`nrneklh: fh ilrnkklûe insin fh kuhf kacnezhcas h ilmujhr nf
 pnethdrhch.
Kûca ilmujhr ue pnethdrhch in levakhklûe
Nf pueta cès hfta inf pnethdrhch rnprnsneth fh ilvlelihi, y fas atras
kuhtra
Fas puetas in fh nstrnffh rnprnsnethe fas nfncnetas in fh tlnrrh, nf hlrn, nf
`unda y nf hduh. Nf pueta ne
qun kacnezhcas h ilmujhr nf pnethdrhch in instlnrra ns nf pueta qun
rnprnsneth nf
nfncneta in fh tlnrrh Insin nf pueta qun rnprnsneth fh tlnrrh, ilmujhcas
ghklh hrrlmh, ghklh nf
 pueta qun rnprnsneth
rnprnsneth fh ilvlelihi.
ilvlelihi. Nsta slcmaflzh hfnjhr
hfnjhr fh nenrdãh in
easatras ne nf
 pfhea tnrrnstrn,
tnrrnstrn, nevlèeiafa in rndrnsa h fh `unetn
`unetn in fh krnhklûe
krnhklûe phrh snr
 purl`lkhia.
 

Kuheia ilmujhcas nf pnethdrhch in levakhklûe , ghkncas fa kaetrhrla:

kacnezhcas
Rhdn 8=9
ilmujheia insin nf pueta qun rnprnsneth fh `unetn ilvleh in fh krnhklûe y
insklnein
ghsth nf pueta qun rnprnsneth fh tlnrrh. Nsta slcmaflzh nf gnkga in qun
sacas
tlrheia nenrdãh in nsh `unetn ilvleh hf pfhea tnrrnstrn iaein punin
chel`lnsta.
Raincas nfndlr ilmujhr fh nenrdãh in fas kuhtra nfncnetas, sl
qunrncas ueh chel`nsthklûe sutlf y nqulflmrhih, a paincas knetrhreas
ne ue safa nfncneta
y dnenrhfcnetn praiukne ueh chel`nsthklûe
chel`nsthklûe cès irhcètlkh.
Rar njncpfa, phrh levakhr nf nfncneta in `unda, phrh pratnkklûe,
rhstrnhrãhcas
rhstrnhrãhc as nf
levakheia pnethdrhchs ne fhs kuhtra nsqulehs, kae fh fãenh mfhekh in
kaenxlûe, pnra
khrdhr fas kuhtra pnethdrhchs kae nf chetrh  Hiaehl parqun ns nf úelka
hsaklhia kae nf nfncneta in `unda.
Rairãhcas ghknr nf clsca rltuhf phrh fh praspnrlihi, safa usheia nf
eacmrn ilvlea
 HDFH phrh levakhr nf nfncneta tlnrrh ne fas kuhtra rlekaens in eunstrh
èrnh. Eunstra hurh
hmsarmn fh nenrdãh qun levakhcas, y eas chdentlzhcas phrh nxtrhnr cès
in nsa
clsch nenrdãh ghklh easatras.
Yhcmlìe punin hdrndhr atrh tìkelkh h su rltuhf in levakhklûe cnear,
huequn
inmn snetlrsn flmrn in lekfulrfa ne kuhfqulnr njnrklkla qun ghdh. [n ffhch
Klrkulthr nf Yncpfa, qun ns ueh chenrh nfndhetn in inklr "khclehr 
hfrniniar in ue amjnta shdrhia ne ue kãrkufa ". (Ne nstn khsa, nf amjnta
shdrhia ns nf cèdlka
nsphkla qun gh krnhia.) Fh nenrdãh sn cunvn h trhvìs in ue èrnh
intnrclehih in hkunria kae nf
 phtraens qun nxlstne
nxlstne hffã ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
chtnrlhf. Kuheia hucneths nf `ãslka
`ãslka
hktlvlihi ne ue nsphkla ihia, fh hktlvlihi nenrdìtlkh thcmlìe sn
letnesl`lkh, par fa qun hf cavnrsn
hfrniniar inf tncpfa qun ghs krnhia, dnenrhs ue tlpa in vûrtlkn in
nenrdãh ilrldlrfa
 punins qun fa h tu chdlh. ^eh vnz qun iaclens ffaa mèslka
ilrldlr
 

njnrklklas ne nstn flmra, tneirès ueh cnjar sneshklûe in nenrdãh ne ue

nsphkla ne phrtlkufhr 
- intnktheia su prnsneklh, sletlneia sus `fuktuhklaens y eatheia sus
kuhflihins. ^eh vnz
 punin ghknrfa, fhs sldulnetns lestrukklaens phrn
phrnknrèe
knrèe mhsthetn sneklffhs.
sneklffhs.

R]ÈKYLKH
YNCRFA ¿ KL]K^CM^FHEIA NF
8. Khcleh par nf nsphkla shdrhia ne nf qun ghs rnhflzhia nf Cnear 
]ltuhf in levakhklûe, qun pnrchenkn inetra inf èrnh kaetnelih par fh
fãenh qun
klrkufh h trhvìs in fas pnethdrhchs. [l ns paslmfn, ea krukn h`unrh
8=>
nsth fãenh. Khcleh ne snetlia garhrla, lcltheia kûca nf saf
sn cunvn par nf klnfa (Nf saf slcmaflzh fh kaeklneklh in Krlsta y
ns fh prleklphf `unetn in nenrdãh ne eunstra slstnch safhr).
=. Khih vnz qun phsns par nf fhia nstn in tu kãrkufa, ghz ueh phush hffã
 phrh
ue cacneta.
;. Leghfn y vlsuhflkn qun nstè leghfheia nenrdãh ne `arch in
fldnra. Nsth fuz htrhvlnsh tu kunrpa, mhjh par tus plnrehs, shfn in
tus plns, y ne fh tlnrrh. Nsth nenrdãh ffneh nf pfhenth par kacpfnta.
Chetnedh nsh lchdne, hsã kaca su rnsplrhklûe, par ue cacneta.
9. Nxghfn y hvhekn kae nf pln inrnkga. Kafaqun hcmas mrhzas ghklh
h`unrh
`rnetn h tl h fh hfturh in fas ajas, yh snh kae hcmhs cheas ne fh nsphih
cuirh
akuhfqulnr
slcpfncnetn
dnstakae
qunfhs phfchs ghklh
tn phrnzkh h`unrh. Rrunmn hcmas y usn
cès `unrtn.
>. Kae fas mrhzas nxtneilias hsã, vlsuhflzh
v lsuhflzh qun taih fh nenrdãh qun
kafakhia ne fh tlnrrh hgarh vlnen karrlneia in rndrnsa h trhvìs in tl y
h`unrh
in tus cheas Ffneh tu kãrkufa y dlrh, krnheia
hfda qun phrnkn ue tarehia levnrtlia gnkga in fuz purh.
0. Kaetleúh khcleheia y rnpltn nstn praknsa theths vnkns kaca qulnrhs
cn dusth. H vnkns klrkucacmufa vhrlas klnetas in vnkns, y
h vnkns safa ueas pakas, slcpfncnetn khcleheia hfrniniar inf kãrkufa
clnetrhs
leghfheia,
tncpfa. Eanxghfheia
ghy phuthsynspnkã`lkhs
prapufsheia cèskuèeths
samrn y cès nenrdãh
vnkns hfrniniar in cl
inmn klrkufhr, hsã qun safa ghzfa ghsth qun tu htneklûe kaclnekn h
 

inhcmufhr.
4. Rhrh kaekfulr, leghfh y clrh taia fa qun ghs krnhia y
trhãia h su tncpfa: fas pnethdrhchs, nf kãrkufa in fuz, nf
èednfns, nf vûrtlkn in nenrdãh dlrheia hfrniniar, taia. Pnrfa taia
 mrlffheia letneshcnetn
letneshcnetn ne fas aj
ajas
as in tu cnetn
cnetn..
Rhdn 8=0
7. Hgarh ne`akhrès taih nsth chdlh ne ue safa nfncneta a ppnrsaeh:
nrsaeh:
thf vnz snh ue vhsa in hduh qun mnmnrès a ue krlsthf, thflsc
thflscèe
èe a
hcufnta? thf vnz ns ueh pnrsaeh
p nrsaeh qun enknslth kurhklûe a hfdueh atrh
`arch in
hyuih. [nh fa qun snh (a qulne snh), nxghfn y vnh taia y
hfrniniar in su tncpfa kafhpshr ne ìf.
<. Hpfhuih phrh rnkarihrfn h su pslqun qun rndrnsn h ue nsthia earchf in
kaeklneklh.
]nhflzhr nstn rltuhf sldel`lkh ue drhe phsa ne tu vlhjn kaca
chda. Krnheia
ue nsphkla shdrhia, inspnjèeiafa in kgl endhtlva a ilstrhktar,
khrdèeiafa in ilvlea
nenrdãh, y ilrldlr nsh nenrdãh phrh ue prapûslta phrtlkufhr sldel`lk
sldel`lkhh qun
ghs
 pracufdû ueh snkuneklh
snkuneklh kacpfnth in chdlh, y nsa
nsa ns hfda qun inmnrãh
inmnrãh
snr 
knfnmrhia.
Ghy ueh vlnjh trhilklûe ne nf nsatnrlsca gnrcìtlka ffhchih phstnfns y
Hfn . Nrh hfda hsã kaca ueh knfnmrhklûe a `lnsth inspuìs in qun hfdulne
rnhflzû chdlh, nspnklhfcnetn
nspnklhfcnetn sl fa glklnrae ne drupa. Inspuìs
Hf `lehf in fh knrncaelh a rltuhf, fas chdas sn rnuelrãhe ne
kacphønrlsca
kae kaeypnrsaehs
slcphtlzhetns qun rnhflzhmhe
atrhs pnrsaehs knrkhehs prèktlkhs slclfhrns a
h nffas, hchias
ueas, `hclflhrns, hcldas, ntk. Juetas, taias fa ghrãhe
`nstnjhr y ils`ruthr in fh kacphøãh inf atra, rnkaeaklneia fhs hfndrãhs in
snr khphz in nxlstlr ne nf pfhea `ãslka y rnkaeaknr 
fa Ilvlea ne khih pnrsaeh qun nstuva prnsnetn. Rar fa theta, "phstnfns y
knrvnzh"
- hfda inflklasa phrh kacnr, hfda munea phrh mnmnr.
Rruìmhfa tú clsca. Inspuìs in ueh in nsths prèktlkhs, h prapûslta
rnuelrsn kae fhs pnrsaehs qun hch y rnkaeaknr fa hdrhihmfn qun ns
nsthr juetas. [afa painr pramhr kashs iufkns a shfhihs ns ueh
infnltn nehfrniniar
snethias sã clsca.inKhons hei Hfn
ueh cnsh kaethcmlìe punintacheia
atras chdas, snr the slcpfn kaca y
ueh knrvnzh
 

kacphrtlneia tus nxpnrlneklhs N lekfusa sl ea punins kacphrtlr nsth

trhilklûe
kae atras, taihvãh punins tnenr phstnfns y knrvnzh kaetlda. [ûfa
tnedh ue rndhfa h chea phrh ils`ruthr ueh vnz qun tnrclen su rltuhf a
tìkelkh
-Netrn
Hfdaatrhs
eathmfn quntrhnr
kashs, tn rnkunrih fa fleia
fh nenrdãh in fasqun ns nsthrin
hflcnetas vlva.
nsth chenrh
hyuihrfa h rndrnshr h su kunrpa inspuìs in rnhflzhr chdlh? vh h
Rhdn 8=4
hyuihrfa h rndrnshr h su kunrpa inspuìs in rnhflzhr chdlh? vh h
Yhcmlìe fa hyuihrè h hvhezhr in chenrh sûflih.
Rhdn 8=7

CNY]A
8>
LEPAKHKLÛE IN[E^IH
[u hmunfa safãh inklr: "Ghy cès in ueh `arch in insaffhr ue
¡dhta!" Krna qun fh chyarãh in ustnins nstè `hclflhrlzhih
`hclflhrlzhih kae fh `rhsn, a
hf cneas ue hxlach kae ue cneshjn slclfhr Ns ueh `arch kurlash in
rnkarihreas qun ghy cès in ue khclea h ue instlea phrtlkufhr, y fa
trhlda hquã parqun fh vnrihi inf ilkga ns cuy rnfnvhetn phrh fh chdlh.

Hprneih fas kaeknptas mèslkas hetns in tlrhr fh rnknth.

H fa fhrda in nstn flmra, tn gn helchia h hprneinr fhs tìkelkhs qun gn
hprneilia.
 

inskrlta phrh ustni, pnra thcmlìe gn ne`htlzhia fh enknslihi in su praplh

nxpfarhklûe y
 pnrsaehflzhklûe
 pnrsaehflzhklûe in fhs prèktlkhs.
prèktlkhs. Hf `lehf, fh chdlh
chdlh inpnein in ffaa qun
trhldhs
y nsa punin snr kae`usa phrh hfduehs pnrsaehs qun nstèe hkastucmrhihs
hcueia
vlvlr ne
qunuenstè ilvlilia netrn fa karrnkta y fa lekarrnkta, nspnklhfcnetn
kuheia sn trhth in
h `archs in prhktlkhr hfda qun sn gh trhescltlia par sldfas. Nsa ns
kacprneslmfn. Rnra phrh snr kfhras, fa qun nspnra pracavnr ne nstn flmra
ns ueh nspnkln in
hutìetlkh inilkhklûe h fh chdlh: rnspnths fhs nesnøhezhs, hprneins fhs
fnkklaens
 par inetra y par `unrh, y funda rnhfcnetn inskumrns
inskumrns par tl clsca
clsca kûca
fhs tìkelkhs
hpflkhr h tu vlih nspnkã`lkhcnetn.
 Ea shftns ilrnkthcnetn
ilrnkthcnetn h ghknrfa
ghknrfa h tu chenrh.
chenrh. Rhrh ushr atrh heh
hehfadãh,
fadãh,
ghy
in eledueh chenrh punins prnphrhr ueh kaclih inknetn in trns pfhtas
ghsth qun snphs fa mèslka in
kakleh, kûca fas ledrnilnetns rnshfthe klnrths kuhflihins ne il`nrnetns
hflcnetas, nf
`ueihcnetas inf kaetraf in tncpnrhturh, kûca snfnkklaehr netrn fh
vhrlnihi in
lcpfncneth y fas ush, y hsã suknslvhcnetn.
suknslvhcnetn. Hsã qun hprnein fa mèslka
hetns in tlrhr 
fh rnknth. \ tn levlta h fnnr thetas flmras samrn chdlh y il`nrnetns
ne`aquns h nsths prèktlkhs kaca punihs. Rairãh ghmnr `èklfcnetn atras
nxpflkhklaens qun `ueklaehrèe cnjar phrh tl, y tn helca h qun shfdhs y
Nekuìetrhfas. Rnra ea phsn h atrh vnrslûe in ueh tìkelkh kuheia nf
Nf mrlffa inshphrnkn. Kaca fh chyarãh in fhs kashs qun vhfn fh pneh
ghknr, fh chdlh legnrnetncnetn sldel`lkh lr 
Rhdn 8=<
h trhvìs in hftlmhjas, hsã qun iniãkhtn hf praknsa in inshrraffa y kaeiukn
fhs afhs. [l ghkns taia nsta, nvnetuhfcnetn ffndhrès
ffndhrès safa
Khclea úelka, pnra hutìetlka.
Ghy ueh rhzûe par fh qun nstay iheia vunfths h nstn pueta the
ne`ètlkhcnetn.
ne`ètlkhcnet n. H cneas qun ustni
shfthia hinfhetn, hkhmhs
chdlh knrncaelhf,
knrncaelhf , y nsa in hprneinr
ns ue h rnprnsnethr
drhe pramfnch. fh plnirh
\h ghs `lfasa`hf
prhktlkhia ue in
inthffhia
 

vnrslûe in FM]R, kae sunrtn ghsth qun sn ghyh `hclflhrlzhia

kacpfnthcnetn kae
- y ghs nxpnrlcnethia nf painr in khrdh levafukrhia ne nf F
Fnssnr 
nssnr 
]ltuhf in levakhklûe. Fa qun sldun h kaetleuhklûe inpnein in qun fa
ghyhs gnkga, hsã qun sl nsa ns
ea ns nf khsa, par `hvar rndrnsn y pûedhsn h tlnrrh ne nf FM]R hetns in
kaetleuhr.
Ghy cukghs chenrhs in rniuklr nf ne`aqun in fh chdlh qun paens ne
cavlclneta,
Rnra fh sldulnetn prèktlkh ns cl `hvarlth. Ns lekrnãmfncnetn sneklffa y
n`lkhz, y khsl slncprn slneta qun kaclnezh h `ueklaehr in lecnilhta. ea
vay h
ihrfn ue nsqunch kacpfnthcnetn eunva, safa sldh fhs lestrukklaens phrh
nf FM]R ,
FM]R , nxknpta
ilmujn pnethdrhchs levakhiarns (ne fudhr in instnrrhr) ne fhs
ilrnkklaens khrilehfns.
Yhf kaca fa inskrlmã ne nf khpãtufa 89 ,
89 , nsth tìkelkh sldel`lkh qun nstès
ilmujheia
nenrdãh. [lìethsn flmrn in hdrndhr nf phsa in klrkuevhfhklûe sl kaeslinrh
qun enknslth
hdrndun cès painr hf rltuhf.
[l húe ea sn gh netnrhia, praeta inskumrlrè qun hfduehs kashs
insnh fadrhr tachr cukgh cès nenrdãh qun atras. Nsh ns fh rhzûe par fh
qun nstay
a`rnklneia nsth `arch in levakhklûe mèslkh. Hfduehs kashs vhe h
rnqunrlr qun ustni
ffhch h fas kuhtra nfncnetas y hrkèednfns,
hrkèednfns, pnra atras ea fa ghrèe. H
vnkns safa
enknslta uea. [l nsn ns nf khsa, slcpfncnetn khrdun fas kuhtra
 pnethdrhchs kaekae fh phfhmrh ilvleh
ilvleh
in painr hsaklhia kae nsn nfncneta. Rar njncpfa, ildhcas qun qulnrns
Khrdh tu hurh kae nenrdãh pratnktarh usheia nf nfncneta `unda. [afa
vlmrh nf
chetrh HIEL  , , nf hkrûelca in Hiaehl (hg-iae-nyn) - nf eacmrn gnmrna
 phrh
[nøar, phrh khih uea. \ kuheia ffndhs h fh phrtn inf FM]R qun nvakh
èednfns,
slcpfncnetn ffhcn hf hrkèednf in nsn nfncneta ne phrtlkufhr (ne nstn
khsa, Clkghnf) ne
khih ilrnkklûe:
 Hetns qun ya, Clkghnf 
  Intrès in cl, Clkghnf 

 Ne cl chea inrnkgh, Clkghnf 

 Ne cl chea lzqulnrih, Clkghnf 
 Rar neklch in cl, Clkghnf 
 Inmhja in cã, Clkghnf 

8;2
\ funda lchdlehrãhs hf hrkèednf raja ffhcnhetn kacpfnthcnetn
nevafvlneia
ustni ne taihs fhs ilrnkklaens Nsh nenrdãh tn rainh y tn pratndn phrh qun
ehih
Ihølea punin pnentrhr su hurh insin kuhfqulnr fudhr. Ea safa nsa, slea
nf in Clkghnf
fh nenrdãh hednflkhf thcmlìe fa dulhrè ghklh nfnkklaens qun pracavnrèe
su amjntlva (ne
nstn njncpfa, pratnkklûe). Nsta ns fa qun suknin kuheia chdentlzhs tu
hurh
Kae ueh letneklûe nspnkã`lkh.
Rhrh atras amjntlvas, rnvlsn fh letraiukklûe inf hrkèednf ne nf FM]R
snkklûe. Rar njncpfa, sl qulnrns ilmujhr ueh rnfhklûe hcarash ne
su vlih, sudlnra ushr nf eacmrn ilvlea hsaklhia kae nf hduh y
levakheia hf hrkèednf Dhmrlnf h tu hfrniniar. Rhrh `leheklnrh
 praspnrlihi, usn HDFH phrh khrdhr
khrdhr sus pnethdr
pnethdrhchs
hchs y rnkurrlr
rnkurrlr h
^rlnf Nsth `arch inf rltuhf sn punin ushr phrh khsl kuhfqulnr prapûslta,
hsã qun
^eh vnz qun nstì `hclflhrlzhia kae fh vnrslûe fhrdh inf FM]R, pruìmnfa.
\ ea tn prnakupns par nqulvakhrtn. Ne nstn pueta, krna qun tú
 punin kae`lhr ne nf gnkga in qun fh chdlh ne ssãã clsch fa dulhrè.
dulhrè.
Kaca leilquì hetns, nf tnch in fas èednfns, nspnkã`lkhcnetn,
nspnkã`lkhcnetn, in
levakhrfas
ne muskh in hyuih ns pramfncètlka phrh cukgh dnetn. Yaia fa qun punia
inklr ns pramhrfa
ustni clsca y vnr quì phsh. Nsa ns fa úelka qun `ueklaeû phrh cã. \
trhtn in ea amsnslaehrsn inchslhia kae fh ehturhfnzh
e hturhfnzh in nstas snrns,
hfduehs pnrsaehs h`lrche
qun sae netlihins rnhfns qun vlvne ne ue pfhea il`nrnetn hf eunstra, y
hfdueas hrducnethe
qun h trhvìs in nsths prèktlkhs slcpfncnetn nsthcas khrdheia hspnkt
hspnktas
as
 phrtlkufhrns in eunstrh praplh
 pslquns lekaesklnetns
lekaesklnetns a sumkaesklnetns.
sumkaesklnetns. Gn nskukghia inchslhias
inchslhias
hrducnetas samrn par
tnch. Inskúmrnfa nf tl clsca: ±@ueklaeh fh prèktlkh1 \ thf vnz ne nsn
 tlpa in

nxpfarhklûe lekarparhih, inskumrlrès qun fhs fãenhs ilvlsarlhs netrn

fas pfheas letnreas in fh rnhflihi y fas pfheas nxtnreas in fh rnhflihi ea
sae the ilstletas kaca hfdueas
 pairãh pneshr.
Fh chdlh ea tlnen qun snr `archf a kacpflkhih. [l enknslth ueh rnspunsth
h ue
 pramfnch phrtlkufhr ne nstn c
phrtlkufhr clsca
lsca cacnet
cacnetaa y ea tlnens nf tlncpa
tlncpa a nf
fudhr phrh
 phrtlklphr ne ueh raeih kacpfnth
kacpfnth in FM]R, safa ffhchr h ue èednf
èednf y vnr
quì phsh. Hfdueh
fh prndueth kae fh qun nstès fukgheia punin snr hyuihih kae fh
chdlh: ±Inmnrãh injhr cl
 phrnjh saflihrlh a sldun trhtheia in ghknr qun nsth rnfhklûe
 `ueklaen1 Inmnrãh
khcmlhr in trhmhja1 Xulnra `arthfnknr cl chdlh, ±quì ns ue sldlfa qun
cn hyuin1
±Kûca punia snr ueh cnjar pnrsaeh1 Rrndueth kae ne`aqun n
letneklûe, y pairès
 pramhmfncnetn rnklmh ueh rnspunsth
rnspunsth cuy praeta in ueh `arch u atrh,
atrh, sl
nstè hmlnrta
nskukghrfa, nsa ns. Fh dnetn gh nsthia usheia hfdueh `arch in chdlh
 phrh
Rèdleh 8;8
 prapûsltas in hilvlehklûe
hilvlehklûe par nf tlncpa qun eunstrh
eunstrh nspnkln ghyh
khclehia par fh tlnrrh.
Fh chdlh nstè ne taihs phrtns. H vnkns eas ghmfh ilrnkthcnetn y h vnkns
h trhvìs in ueh hphrnetn kaleklineklh, par njncpfa, ueh thrjnth in junda
kae fh qun tn nekunetrhs
ue khffnjûe, ue `rhdcneta in fh kaevnrshklûe in ue nxtrhøa hf phshrfas,
ue kurlasa
helchf qun euekh ghs vlsta hetns. Plvlcas ne ue cueia iaein ilasns,
èednfns,
nfncnethfns y nspãrltus in taihs fhs vhrlnihins lchdlehmfns kruzhe
eunstras khcleas kaetleuhcnetn:
ne pums, fhvheinrãhs, tncpfas kgleas, khcphcnetas in leildnetns,
khtûflkas racheas
khtnirhfns, supnrcnrkhias,
supnrcnrkhias, cntras, hknrhs n lekfusa prlslaens. [ae
ne taihs phrtns, y ea ghy fudhr iaein ea ghyh chdlh. Yaia fa qun tlnens
qun ghknrhns
Hprnein vnr.
 

Rhdn 8;=

80 kaestrulr fh rnhflihi.
 
Y
K]NHEIA @A]CH[ IN
RNE[HCLNEYA

Fhs `archsnspnkã`lkh
letneklûe in pneshclneta sae phquntns
a prapûslta. in nenrdãh
Nxlstne kaca nsthcphias
phtraens kae ueh
ne nf pfhea
hstrhf a ntìrlka, pnra le`fuyne chel`nsthklaens ne nf pfhea `ãslka. Runins
kacmlehr nsth tìkelkh kae chdlh ehturhf, lekufkhr fh nenrdãh ne ue
thflscèe a hcufnta, khrdhr atras amjntas kaca vhsas in hduh, a rnhflzhr
fh clsch tìkelkh sle ushr ue `ãslka amjnta ne hmsafuta.

Kuheia krnhs ueh `arch in pneshclneta h phrtlr in hfda chtnrlhf,

hfdueas fhs pnrsaehs sn rn`lnrne h ilkga amjnta kaca ue "snrvliar". Nf
hrtãkufa khrdhia kaclnezh h kacparthrsn kaca sl gumlnrh hfdueh `arch
in letnfldneklh dulèeiafh, ffnvheia h hfduehs pnrsaehs h
h`lrche qun fas snrvliarns sae ue tlpa in `arch in vlih hrtl`lklhf.
hrtl`lklhf.
 Euekh ushcas eunstrh
eunstrh praplh nenrdãh
nenrdãh kuheia dn
dnenrhcas
enrhcas ueh
`arch in pneshclneta.

Yìkelkhcnetn, fhs `archs in pneshclneta sae safa atrh `arch in trhmhja

nenrdìtlka.

\h snh qun nstns krnheia ue gnkglza, ilsphrheia ue sldlfa, prhktlkheia

]nlol a inilkèeiatn h arhklûe, taia `ueklaeh cès a cneas lduhf: nstès
flmnrheia nenrdãh ne nf uelvnrsa kae ueh letneklûe phrtlkufhr. Ea tlnens
qun shmnr iûein nstè fh nenrdãh vh a kûca `ueklaeh, a cukga cès, phrh
nf khsa.

^eh `arch in pneshclneta kucpfn su trhmhja sle eledueh supnrvlslûe a

supnrvlslûe hilklaehf par su phrtn, y ns lcparthetn injhr qun ueh `arch
in pneshclneta ghdh su trhmhja ueh vnz qun fh ghyh krnhia y fhezhia
(cès le`archklûe samrn qun funda).

Fa cès lcparthetn h tnenr ne kuneth hquã ns qun, hf cneas phrh nf

 prapûsltas
dnenrhcas in
ue fh
f`arch
h chdlh:
in euekh ushcas
ushcasRhrh
pneshclneta eunstrh praplh
praplh
nvlthr nenrdãh
hdathr kuheia
kuhpraplhs
eunstrhs eia
 rnsnrvhs nenrdìtlkhs, nxtrhncas nenrdãh in `unetns nxtnrehs.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

K]NHEIA ^EH
@A]CH IN
@A]CH  IN RNE[HCLNEYA L
Kaca krnhr ue snrvliar cèdlka.
(phrh qun ghdh tu vafuethi)
^e praknilclneta, in phsa h phsa samrn kûca krnhr ue [nrvliar. Nsth netlihi
krnhih cnethfcnetn ns hfthcnetn `fnxlmfn, y ueh `arch cuy painrash phrh
njnrknr nf painr in su cnetn phrh kaesndulr fa qun qulnrn, y shtls`hknr sus
insnas.

 [lncprn ns ue tnch papufhr, ghmfhr samrn nf painr in fas pneshclnetas y in

fh letneklûe. Yhcmlìe ghy ueh drhe khetlihi in chtnrlhf samrn fas painrns
cèdlkas in fh cnetn, y in kûca nstn cueia nxtnrlar ns nf rnsufthia in ueh
letneklûe letnreh. Fh fny in fh htrhkklûe par njncpfa, ns ue tnch cuy
letnrnshetn y papufhr úftlchcnetn.

Fhcnethmfncnetn, sl eas `ljhcas ne fh hetldönihi, a ne fhs linhs cainrehs, y

tìkelkhs ne nf hrtn in fh patneklh inf pneshclneta y fh chel`nsthklûe, cukghs
vnkns ns cuy il`ãklf nekaetrhr chenrhs in njnrknr n`nktlvhcnetn, nstn painr
cnethf qun taias pasnncas.

Fh Dnetn earchfcnetn, sûfa tlnen hkknsa h fhs tìkelkhs slcpfns in

vlsuhflzhklûe, qun punin snr cuy útlf kuheia sn ghkn karrnkthcnetn, pnra qun
rnqulnrn ueh drhe khetlihi in tlncpa y hrta trhmhja, phrh chel`nsthr hfda
pasltlva. Kaca rnsufthia in nffa, cukgas sn slnetne inknpklaehias kuheia
nsths vlsuhflzhklaens ea `ueklaehe in lecnilhta, y cukgas sn ihe par
vneklias, hetns qun punine vnr rnsufthias pasltlvas.

Ne nstn vãina, ya qulnra ihrfn ueh cukgh cès painrash tìkelkh cnethf qun fh
slcpfn vlsuhflzhklûe. Kae nsta ustni inmn snr khphz in njnrknr cukga cès
painr cnethf.
Pay h incastrhr kûca krnhr ue tlpa in krnhturh qun ns `archih kae su cnetn.
Fn vay h incastrhr kûca krnhr ue snrvliar cèdlka.

^e [nrvliar ns nsneklhfcnetn ue slrvlnetn, qun sn krnh kae nf `le in ghknrfn

kucpflr su vafuethi. Ns ueh krlhturh krnhih ne nf pfhea hstrhf, qun rnhflzh ueh
 intnrclehih thrnh qun ustni rnqulnrn.

Fn incastrhrì kûca ghknr ue [nrvliar, in caia qun ustni punin utlflzhr, phrh
hyuihr kae kuhfqulnr kash ne su vlih. Nsth ns cl vnrslûe in fh krnhklûe in ue
snrvliar, ns nf nspnklhf qun ya usa, fa ffhca ‗fh tìkelkh nspnklhf in FFage
Ornltnr“. Rar fa theta, ne hfduehs chenrhs nsth tìkelkh ns cès sneklffh, pnra
thcmlìe ns ueh
ueh cukga cès painrash chenr
chenrh h in krnhr ue [nrvliar hs
hstrhf.
trhf.

^e snrvliar pairãh snr utlflzhia phrh:

• [nr duhrilh in su praplnihi a in ue snr qunrlia
• Rhrh hyuihr h krnhr ue hurh in sã clsca, (par njncpfa, ustni pairãh krnhr
uea qun ns kaca ueh nspnkln in fuz qun tn ffneh in kae`lhezh, fh vhfnetãh, fh
sunrtn, ntk.)
• A ghknr a htrhnr
ht rhnr kashs qun punin snr qun enknsltns qun akurrhe .

Rar fa dnenrhf, ue [nrvliar ns ue pneshclneta qun sn fn gh ihia ‗`arch“,

drhklhs h ueh kfhsn in kaeknetrhklûe in htneklûe nspnklhf. Nsth, `arch ntìrnh,
ns krnhih phrh rnhflzhr klnrths thrnhs.

Nsatìrlkhcnetn, sn krnn qun fas pneshclnetas punine snr kaeknetrhias h thf

drhia, qun nstas pneshclnetas nvnetuhfcnetn sn kaevlnrtne `ãslkhcnetn rnhf.

Fh nxpfarhiarh y nskrltarh Hfnxheirh Ihvli-Eìnf, par njncpfa, *nskrlmlû

nxtneshcnetn samrn sus nekunetras kae nsths, `archs in pneshclneta, qun sn
ffhche ‖Yufph– ne nf phãs in Ylmnt. Nffh nskrlmlû kûca fas caejns Ylmntheas
`unrae lekrnãmfncnetn gèmlf ne fh krnhklûe in nstas Yufphs. Nffh thcmlìe
nskrlmn kûca nffh `un khphz in krnhr uea in nstas Yufph, inspuìs in cukgas
cnsns in ns`unrza. \ qun kae nf tlncpa
tl ncpa nsth, `arch in pneshclneta, sn glza
the sûflia qun atras ne su nxpnilklûe fa puilnrae vnr.

Kae nf `le In krnhr ue [nrvliar qun punih `ueklaehr mlne, ea ns enknshrla

lcpaenrsn gh cnsns in iura trhmhja, y nstn [nrvliar ea enknslth snr the
painrasa qun fas incès fa punihe vnr.

Rhrh hqunffas qun nekunetrhe il`ãklf krnnr qun fhs `archs in pneshclneta
punine `archrsn ne hfda the painrasa, qun nstas punine h`nkthr fh rnhflihi, a
nstas punine snr vlsta par atrhs pnrsaehs, thcmlìe ghy ueh nxpflkhklûe
pslkafûdlkh qun pairãh snr in hyuih.
 Hfdueas pslkûfadas
pslkûfadas nxpaene fh tnarãh in qun nf pslqun guc
guchea,
hea, punin snr
vlsta kaca sl `unrh kacpunsta in phrtns leilvliuhfns. Ns inklr, fa qun easatras
kaeslinrhcas ue kaejueta in fh pnrsaehflihi, ns ne rnhflihi ueh pnrsaehflihi
gnkgh in ue kúcufa in il`nrnetns sum-pnrsaehflihins, trhmhjheia jueths. Ghy
ueh phrtn in ustni, par njncpfa, qun sn qunjh h khih rhta, clnetrhs qun ghy
atrh phrtn in ustni qun fn dusth dhehr h taih kasth. Iaein, eas khcmlhcas in
 ueh sum-pnrsaehflihi h atrh sle ihreas ehih in kuneth, ea eas ihcas kuneth

thcpaka qun ne rnhflihi nsthcas gnkgas in cukghs phrtns (a pnrsaehflihins)

il`nrnetns qun trhmhjhe jueths.

^e [nrvliar netaekns, ns kaca ueh nspnkln in sum-pnrsaehflihi qun ns

krnhih h trhvìs in fh utlflzhklûe in ue hkta rltuhf. Drhklhs h nsth tìkelkh qun
sldun, uea krnh ueh eunvh sum-pnrsaehflihi, kae nf `le in chel`nsthr hfda
eunva, qun sn ilspaen h rnhflzhr ueh thrnh ne chenrh sumkaesklnetn.

In ueh chenrh sumkaesklnetn

sumkaesklnetn nsth eu
eunvh
nvh sum-pnrsaeh
sum-pnrsaehflihi
flihi (snrvliar) hktúh
kae letneklaens `unrtns qun punine khcmlhr nf cueia hfrniniar, y krnhe
kaleklineklhs y sle-kraelklihins pasltlvhs y kûca fas pneshclnetas punine
h`nkthr fh rnhflihi, yh snh h trhvìs inf ‖lekaesklnetn kafnktlva–, a ne `arch in
rnhsldehklûe in fas hkaetnklclnetas pramhmfns.

Ne kuhfqulnr khsa, fn punia inklr par nxpnrlneklh pnrsaehf qun nstas

[nrvliarns `ueklaehe mhsthetn mlne, y qun su usa punin snr cuy mnen`lklasa.

Rhrh krnhr ue [nrvliar tlnen qun lr samrn ìf ne trns phrtns:

8. Fh Kaestrukklûe
=. Fh Khrdh
;. Fh Arine y

@lehflzhr.

Kaestrukklûe

Nf prlcnr phsa ns fh kaestrukklûe, Nsta sldel`lkh qun ustni tlnen qun krnhr ueh
rnprnsnethklûe slcmûflkh in su [nrvliar. Rhrh cã nstn ns nf hspnkta cès
ilvnrtlia in fh krnhklûe in ue [nrvliar, inmlia h qun sn enknslth ushr sus
thfnetas krnhtlvas, phrh ffndhr h ue ilsnøa qun ns khphz y útlf. [udlnra qun clrn
h fa fhrda y hekga, y tacn linhs in kuhfqulnr `unetn qun punih tnenr h su
ilspaslklûe, kae nf `le in krnhr ue [nrvliar suchcnetn n`lklnetn.

Fa úelka qun ghy qun tnenr ne kuneth, sle ncmhrda, ns qun sn insnh fh
`ueklaehflihi prlcnra qun ehih. Rlnesn mlne ne fa qun ustni qulnrn qun su
[nrvliar ghdh.

[l par njncpfa, insnh ue [nrvliar qun vh h shflr hf cueia y kaesndulr hfda

phrh ustni, ns paslmfn qun insnn ihrfn mrhzas cuy `unrtns, a thf vnz lekfusa
tnetèkufas qun punin utlflzhr phrh h`nrrhrsn h fa qun qulnrn kae nf `le in
 trhìrsnfas h ustni. [l insnh ue [nrvliar phrh pratndnr su gadhr, ns paslmfn qun

insnn ihrfn hrchiurh in ue tlpa u atra, in caia qun ustni punin snr
pratndlia in fh cnjar chenrh paslmfn.

Kaca yh gn ilkga, ustni punin ghknr fa qun krnn qun ns cnjar, sûfa rnkunrin
flclthrsn h ue [nrvliar qun tnedh muneh `ueklaehflihi. Yhcmlìe fn sudlnra qun
trhtn in krnhr ue [nrvliar cès pnqunøa ne fudhr in uea cès drhein, yh qun
khrdhr kae nenrdãh psãqulkh ue [nrvliar cès drhein tach cès tlncpa.

Fh cnjar chenrh in kacnezhr su kaestrukklûe in su [nrvliar ns tachr

ueh pèdleh in phpnf ne mfheka, y nskrlmlr ne nffh ueh ‖inkfhrhklûe in
letneklaens–. Nsth
letneklaens–. Nsth inkfhrhklûe rnprnsneth mèslkhcnetn fa qun ustni qulnrn
qun su [nrvliar ghdh, a fa qun sn insnh fadrhr kae su [nrvliar.

^eh vnz qun tnedh fh inkfhrhklûe in letneklaens, trhtn in lchdlehr ueh krlhturh
qun ustni krnn qun snrãh khphz in rnhflzhr nsh thrnh qun ustni qulnrn fadrhr.
Kaca gn ilkga hetnrlarcnetn, utlflkn su lchdlehklûe hquã y trhtn in krnhr hfda
qun rnhfcnetn fn dusth, y qun krnn qun snrè khphz in ghknr fa qun ustni
qulnrn qun ghdh. Lekfusa punin ushr fhs `archs in klnrths krlhturhs qun yh
nxlstne, y utlflzhr nsths krnhturhs kaca sus slrvlnetns pnrsaehfns. Rar njncpfa,
pairãh krnhr ue [nrvliar ne `arch in irhdûe pnqunøa qun fn hyuin h kulihr su
khsh, ne fh prlcnrh snøhf in pramfnchs, nstn irhdûe shfn vafheia y fn tlrh
`unda h sus nencldas.

^eh vnz qun tnedh su inkfhrhklûe in letneklaens, y qun gh krnhia ueh muneh
rnprnsnethklûe in fa qun su slrvlnetn phrnkn,
phrnkn , nf sldulnetn phsa ns krnhr ueh
vnrslûe cès khrlkhturnskh a slcpfl`lkhih, in nstn snrvliar ne nf phpnf.
phpnf . Rar 
njncpfa, sl gh krnhia ueh tartudh mfleihih phrh pratndnr su gadhr, ilmujn ueh
`ldurh in phfa cuy slcpfn in nsth tartudh. Ns paslmfn qun insnn slcpfncnetn
ilmujhr ue gnxèdaea slcpfn, phrh rnprnsnethr h nstn snrvliar qun ustni h
krnheia. Ne nsneklh, snrè nf sãcmafa par nf kuhf vh h kaeaknr h su
slrvlnetn?? pneshr ne ìf kaca ue ffadatlpa
slrvlnetn adatlpa in su [nrvli
[nrvliar
ar..

Nf úftlca phsa kaeslstn ne ihrfn ue eacmrn [nrvliar . In eunva, nsta taia

inpnein ne su prn`nrneklhl, hsã qun letnetn ihrfn ue eacmrn qun sn nekunetrh
hihpthia h su [nrvliar, y h fh thrnh qun nstn [nrvliar tneirè.

Yhcmlìe trhtn in pneshr ne ue eacmrn qun tn dustn, y

dustn,  y qun vh h lesplrhrfa h
ustni kuheia ustni nstè utlflzheia su [nrvliar ne nf `utura. Ea fn ildh nstn
eacmrn h ehiln.

Rar fa theta, ne nstn pnihza in phpnf inmnrãh tnenr netaekns:

 • inkfhrhklûe in letneklaens ne fh phrtn supnrlar 

• ue pèrrh`a a ue pueta par pueta inskrlpklûe in fa qun ustni qulnrn qun su

[nrvliar.
•ghdh ue ilmuja pnrsaehf in su [nrvliar qun inmn snr the kacpfnja kaca
ustni punin ghknrfa
• ue pueta par pueta inskrlpklûe fhs khphklihins y patneklhs qun tlnen su
[nrvliar. Ehiln cès inmn vnr nstn ilmuja,
ilmuja , hsã qun ea sn prnakupn in qun nf
ilmuja ea ns pnr`nkta, fa qun insnh ns ueh muneh inskrlpklûe in fh krlhturh qun
nstè trhtheia in krnhr 
• ueh vnrslûe slcpfl`lkhih in fh lchdne inskrlptlvh qun ustni gh gnkga, sn trhth
in ue sãcmafa a ‗fada“ in su [nrvliar 
• nf eacmrn in su [nrvliar 

Fh Khrdh.

 Hgarh qun gh krnhia

krnhia fh n`ldln in su [nrvliar, ns e
enknshrla
nknshrla ffnvhrfa h fh vlih.
Kae nf `le in ghknr nsta, fa vh khrdhr psãqulkhcnetn kae fh `unrzh in sus
pneshclneta, qun ns nsneklhfcnetn fh `unrzh in su htneklûe pnrsaehf ilrldlih
`ljhcnetn h su [nrvliar. Ea lcparth sl ustni plnesh qun su [nrvliar trhmhjh
drhklhs h hspnktas pslkafûdlkas, nsa ns fh krnhklûe in ueh phrtn il`nrnetn in
su pslqun pnrsaehf, a sl ustni plnesh qun ns enknshrla krnhr ueh `arch krnhih
in pneshclneta psãqulka in fh su`lklnetn letneslihi, phrh h`nkthr nf cueia
chtnrlhf. Fa qun nsneklhfcnetn tlnen qun ghknr hquã ns phrh khrdhr su
[nrvliar, ns ihrfn taih su htneklûe kaeknetrhih.

[n punin ushr su pèdleh in phpnf, qun utlflzû phrh kaestrulr su [nrvliar, a

punin amtnenr atrh gajh in phpnf, y ne ìf, ilmujhr nf fada in su slrvlnetn, jueta
kae nf eacmrn in su [nrvliar. Nekunetrh ue fudhr trhequlfa iaein punih nsthr
safa, y paedh nsn pnihza in phpnf hinfhetn in ustni iaein fa punin vnr
kfhrhcnetn.

Ne`aqun taih su htneklûe ne nsn fada, y kaclnekn h rnpntlr nf eacmrn in

su [nrvliar. Clnetrhs ghkn nsa, lchdlen cès vãvlihcnetn paslmfn qun
nstn snrvliar ns rnhf, y qun nstè vlva hetns in ustni.
ustni. [ldh
 [ldh rnpltlneia nf
eacmrn y sl ns paslmfn, trhtn in lchdlehr su [nrvliar kahfnskneklh samrn nf
traza in phpnf qun gh ilmujhia. Rnra fa cès lcparthetn, trhthr in krnnr kae
khih `lmrh in su snr qun nstn snrvliar nstè vlva y sn nekunetrh hgarh hetn tl.

Yrhtn in ghknr nstn njnrklkla phrh par cès a cneas 82 h ;2 cleutas. Fn

rnkaclneia qun ghdhs nstn njnrklkla hf cneas trns vnkns, ne trns il`nrnetns
iãhs, hetns qun punin kaeslinrhr qun su [nrvliar nsth `ueklaehf. Kuheths cès
 

vnkns qun ghkns nstn njnrklkla in khrdh, cès `unrtn qun su [nrvliar sn
kaevnrtlrè, y nf cès patnetn qun su le`funeklh snrè.

• [l vh h krnhr ue [nrvliar qun vh h utlflzhr sûfa ueh vnz, netaekns fh khrdh

in trns vnkns inmn snr su`lklnetn.
su`lklnetn.
• [l vh h krnhr ue [nrvliar qun ushrh par ue tlncpa fhrda, netaekns sn pairãh
khrdhr trns vnkns hf prleklpla, y funda
f unda rnkhrdhrfa khih cns a hsã inpneilneia
in fa qun sn slnetn mlne phrh ustni.
• [l sn trhth in ue [nrvliar qun vh h utlflzhr ueh vnz, y funda thf vnz ushrfa in
eunva ne ueas cnsns a høas cès ne nf `utura, khrdhrfa kaca in kastucmrn
khih vnz qun enknsltns ushrfa.

Cheihr Arinehr.

Fh phrtn `lehf in fh utlflzhklûe in su [nrvliar, ns ihrfn fhs lestrukklaens in

ueh chenrh kaeklsh, y nevlhrfa h ghknr tu vafuethi.

Fh cnjar chenrh in ghknr nsta, ns khrdhr su [nrvliar ghsth qun ustni tnedh
ue mune snetlia, ueh `unrtn krnneklh, qun nstn [nrvliar hgarh nstè vlva, qun fa
punin vnr y snetlr kaca vlva, (qulzès `fatheia s
samrn
amrn nsn phpnf qun nskrlmlû,
samrn su fadatlpa). Funda, ueh vnz qun sn tlnen fh knrtnzh in qun su [nrvliar
[nrvliar
nstè hgã, ffhcn su eacmrn, infn su lestrukklûe, y nevãnfa ne su khclea phrh qun
ghdh fa qun ustni insnh.

[n pairãh inklr hfda hsã kaca?

kaca ? ‖_Eacmrn inf [nrvliarS, vntn y pratndn nsth
khsh! Pntn hgarh, heih, y ghkn fa qun tn cheia ghknr. –
 \ funda hpueth ne fh ilrnkklûe
ilrnkklûe ne fh qun ins
insnhs
nhs qun sn vhyh.

Rlnesn ne su [nrvliar kaca ueh nspnkln in helchf iacìstlka qun gh

krnhia, a thf vnz ue pradrhch in kacputhiarh qun sn gh krnhia, kae nf
`le in kucpflr su insna. [ì `unrtn y iaclehetn ne su taea khih vnz qun fa
cheihs, y hkuìrihtn slncprn qun nf trhmhjh phrh tl, y ea hf rnvìs.

[l hfdueh vnz, fa vns h tu [nrvliar karrntnheia hfrnini

hfrniniar
ar tuya, a hktuheia
in ueh chenrh qun ea tn dustn, cèeihfa h qun vunfvh h su trhmhja, a ilfn
qun sn ghdh nskhsa (inshphrnzkh) ghsth qun fa enknsltns.
enknsltns.  

[l ustni nstè tnelneia pramfnchs ne nsth èrnh, netaekns sudlnra qun ustni
clrh hfdueas nplsailas in ‖nf nekhethiar in pnrras,– phrh qun punih netneinr
kfhrhcnetn fa qun sldel`lkh snr ue fãinr.
 

\h snh ue njnrklkla pslkafûdlka, a ueh krnhturh hstrhf rnhfcnetn vlvh `archih

kae fh `unrzh in sus pneshclnetas, su [nrvliar snrè khphz in fadrhr kashs
lekrnãmfns. Yrhtn in snr lchdlehtlvas ne sus krnhklaens, y fh `arch ne qun
insnh fadrhr sus insnas kae su [nrvliar, y euekh fn `hffhrh.

Nsth ns ueh chenrh vnrihinrhcnetn chrhvlffash, phrh ne`rnethr fas pramfnchs

in fh vlih, y nf klnfa ns nf fãcltn ne kuheta h fa qun su [nrvliar punine ghknr.
Rar njncpfa, kaeazka h ueh snøarh qun krnû ue [nrvliar qun ns kaca ueh
drhe fècphrh in hknltn in fas 8<=2. Nstn [nrvliar ncltn ueh gnrcash fuz
vnrin, y fa qun ghkn nstn [nrvliar ns qun sn nsthklaeh par neklch in fh punrth
prleklphf in su khsh, lfucleheia kuhfqulnr pnrsaeh qun netrh ne fh khsh kae su
fuz. Fh fuz vnrin ns gnrcash nenrdãh in hcar. Nf slrvlnetn `un krnhia phrh
trhnr hrcaeãh h fh khsh, y phrh ihr munehs sneshklaens h kuhfqulnr vlslthetn
qun netrh ne nf gadhr.  Phs h kaethkthr nsa

nenrdãh ilrnkthcnetn, pradrhchrfa

pradrhchrfa kae ueh intnrclehih letneklûe y
flmnrhrfa ne nf uelvnrsa phrh ffnvhr h khma ueh thrnh nspnkã`lkh.

Rhdn 8;;

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

K]NHEIA ^EH
@A]CH IN
@A]CH  IN RNE[HCLNEYA LL
Runin ushr fh sldulnetn tìkelkh phrh khsl kuhfqulnr kash: pratnkklûe,
 praspnrlihi, rnfhklûe,
rnfhklûe, kurhklûe,
kurhklûe, ìxlta kacnrklhf
kacnrklhf a kuhfqulnr atrh kash qun
insnn chel`nsthr ne nf rnlea `ãslka.
8. ]nfèjnsn, slìetnsn qulnta par ueas cacnetas y slìetnsn kae fas ajas
knrrhias y
sus cheas ueh `rnetn h fh atrh, fhs phfchs hmlnrths. Chetnedh sus phfchs
samrn ue
 

ue pln cès a cneas uea inf atra, kaca sl nstuvlnrh sastnelneia ue

levlslmfn
 mhfaeknsta.
=. ]nkarincas nf njnrklkla inf Rlfhr Cnila. H nsths hfturhs yh inmnrãhs
nsthr mhsthetn
`hclflhrlz
`hclflhrlzhia
hiahquã
rnkarihtarla kae Injh
nshs tìkelkhs, hsãpneshclneta
lr kuhfqulnr qun safa ihrìnxtrhøa
ueh vnrslûe karthpnra
qun surjh, kaca
 Ea kae `unrzh.
`unrzh. Ghz tu cnjar nsns`unrza
`unrza phrh rnfhjhrtn
rnfhjhrtn y injh ffaa sldulnetn
fh vlsuhflzhklûe safa akurrn ehturhfcnetn.
;. Plsuhflkn fhs il`nrnetns ns`nrhs èurlkhs in fuz kae fhs qun trhmhjû ne nf
Rrèktlkh inf Rlfhr Cnila: fh fuz mfhekh kaca nf krlsthf ne fh karaeh in tu
khmnzh, fh ns`nrh drls pnrfh ne tu dhrdheth, fh ns`nrh iarhih ne tu
 pnkga, nf púrpurh
púrpurh ne tu pnfvls y fh ns`nrh endrh
endrh in fuz
rainheia tus plns.
9. Hgarh vn nf rhya in fuz qun tn kaenkth hrrlmh y hmhja, nf qun
qun htrhvlnsh nsths ns`nrhs insin fh phrtn supnrlar inf uelvnrsa y ghklh

hmhja
>. ne fh
 Ilrljh su tlnrrh
htneklûe hf knetra in nenrdãh ne su pnkga, qun ns ara.
Rhdn 8;9
kafarnhia n lekrnãmfncnetn mrlffhetn.
mrlffhetn. Knetrhrsn ne nsh ns`nrh par ueas
 pakas cacnetas
0. Hgarh leghfh. Insin hmhja, fnvhetn fh hmueihetn fuz vnrin inf
 pfhenth: fh nenrdãh
nenrdãh in fh Chirn
Chirn Ylnrrh cls
clsch.
ch. Insin hrrlmh, tlrh
tlrh ghklh
hmhja
fh fuz mfhekh insin fh klch inf uelvnrsa, fh `unetn in taia
krnhklûe. Nsths ias karrlnetns in fuz sn nekunetrhe ne fh ns`nrh iarhih ne
nf
cnila in tu pnkga.
4. Leghfn, kaetleún htrhyneia nenrdãh insin hrrlmh y hmhja (hfda hsã kaca
usheia ueh phjlth knfnstlhf), y vnr fh ns`nrh mrlffhr the mrlffhetn kaca
 punihs
ghz qun fhs ias karrlnetns in fuz sn cnzkfne hfquãclkhcnetn: nf vnrin
fuz in fh Ylnrrh insin hmhja y fh fuz mfhekh inf klnfa insin hrrlmh.
[n cnzkfhe phrh kaevnrtlrsn ne hfda cès painrasa ne cnila in tu
ns`nrh iarhih
7. ]nplth nstn praknsa vhrlhs vnkns. Kuheia slnetns qun ghs hkucufhia
ueh khetlihi su`lklnetn in nenrdãh ne nsth ns`nrh, nxghfn y vnh fh fuz
vlhjh par tus mrhzas. Kaetleúh ne tus cheas y shfn h trhvìs in
tus cheas.
tus phfchs,Nf
iaein `arch
eacmrn atrh phrh
thaãsth ns`nrhnsth
in tìkelkh
fuz iarhih netrn Kuftlvhtns
ns Irhdae
 Dafine Rnhrf, qun inskrlmn hknrthihcnetn fa qun nstès ghklneia. Ylnens

krnû ueh pnrfh iarhih in fuz netrn tus cheas y hgarh nstès
vay h kuftlvhrfa le`ueilìeiafa kae letneklûe.
<. Kaca cneklaeì hetnrlarcnetn, su letneklûe pairãh snr khsl kuhfqulnr
kash.
H fas `lens in nstn njnrklkla, supaedhcas qun enknslth
arlnethklûe a hpaya
netrn tus cheas khihinvnz
hfdúe
cèstlpa. Leghfh\hy snh
mrlffhetn. clrhpneshr
fh ns`nrh
a iarhih
ildh hfdueh vnrslûe in fa sldulnetn: "Xun fh fuz pratnjh, duãn y
lfucãehcn ne cl vlhjn par fh vlih y ne nf khclea in fa hfta
chdlh ".
82. Hgarh ns tlncpa in ghknr vlmrhr ueh phfhmrh in trncneia
 painr: \nsguh (yhy-gnsg-yaa-hg). Nstn ns nf eacmrn hrhcna arldlehf in
fa nsplrltuhf. chnstra
chnstra Jnsús, pnra ns cukga cès qun nsa. Fh
 phfhmrh \nsguh lcpflkh
8;>
suneh ne hrhcna qun sn kaenkth h fas kuhtra nfncnetas, hsã qun kuheia
vlmrh nstn chetrh, ea safa levakhs fh kaeklneklh in Krlsta phrh hyuihr 
y hyuihrtn, thcmlìe trhns fhs mneilklaens prlcarilhfns in fh tlnrrh, nf
hlrn,
`unda y hduh. Kuheia ilkns nsth phfhmrh in painr, clrh nf ara
Fh ns`nrh in nenrdãh netrn tus cheas vlmrh.
88. Leghfn, ghdh qun fh ns`nrh mrlffn fa cès mrlffhetn qun punih, sastnedh
y vlmrn \nsguh .
8=. Hgarh sunfth fh ns`nrh. [n lrè y vlhjhrè iaein inmn kucpflr 
fh thrnh qun fn ghs nekacneihia. Ea tlnens qun shmnr h iûein vh
a kûca vh h `ueklaehr. In gnkga, kuheta cneas fa plnesns, nf
cnjar y cès rèplia ghrè su trhmhja.
8;. Hpfhuih phrh kaekfulr nf njnrklkla.
Hf dnenrhr ueh `arch in pneshclneta in nsth chenrh, ea ghy rndfhs
samrn kûca
slncprn inmns kaeknetrhrtn ne nsa a kuèeth nenrdãh enknslths levnrtlr ne
kuhfqulnr 
ns`nrh leilvliuhf in fuz. Krna qun inpnein prleklphfcnetn in tu
ghmlflihi phrh
kaeknetrhia, qun, h su vnz, inpnein in su inilkhklûe h fh prèktlkh. Kaca
tu cnjarh fh kaeknetrhklûe, slìethsn flmrn in kafakhr cès y cès painr ne
su `archs in pneshclneta Kuheia sn trhth in chel`nsthr tus insnas, cès
 painr ns tãplkhcnetn
tãplkhcnetn ueh muneh kash.
Ns lcparthetn injhr qun tu chdlh ghdh su trhmhja sle nsthr
kaesthetncnetn
 rnvlsèeiafa y clilneia su pradrnsa. Kaca gn ilkga hetns

kuheta cneas fa plnesns, cnjar. Ghy ueh slcpfn rhzûe par fh kuhf
Nsta ns vnrihi. Ne nstn khsa, kuheia ilrldn fh htneklûe kaetleuh h fh
`arch in pneshclneta, fa qun rnhfcnetn nstès ghklneia ns invafvìrsnfa,
y nsa sldel`lkh qun fh `arch in pneshclneta ea punin rnhflzhr fh thrnh
qun fn ghs hsldehia
nsa. Hincès,
chdlh fh chyarãh
- ±@ueklaeû1 in fhs vnkns
±@ueklaeh kuheia
mlne1 Rhsa inflmnrhcas samrn eunstra
hfda
y ea cn il kuneth1 - nsneklhfcnetn nsthcas nxprnsheia inskae`lhezh y
clnia, y nsa hflcneth nenrdãh ne pneshclnetas in `rhkhsa. Kuheia nsta
suknin, taia fa qun tnrclehcas ghklneia ns dnenrhr kaetrh-chdlh phrh
fh chdlh arldlehf qun trhmhjhcas the iura phrh chel`nsthr.

Rhdn 8;0
Ne rnsucne, safa ghz tu chdlh y funda afvãihtn in nffh theta kaca
 punihs.
tu chdlh y funda afvãihtn in nffh theta kaca punihs.
Nvnetuhfcnetn kaestrulrès
kaestrulrès fh `n in qun nstè `ueklaeheia, y nstn tlpa in
fh prnakuphklûe mhshih ne fh iuih yh ea snrè ue pramfnch. Kuheta cès
flmìrhtn in fh enknslihi in vnr rnsufthias, kuheta cès painrasa snh nf
[n kaevnrtlrèe ne tìkelkhs.
Rrhktlqun nstn njnrklkla vhrlhs vnkns hf iãh iurhetn ue tlncpa hetns in
 phshr hf
[ldulnetn snkklûe. ]nkaclneia ghknrfa prlcnra kuheia tn fnvheths par
fh chøheh phrh
hsndúrnsn in tnenr nf cnjar iãh paslmfn. Le`ueilr fh `arch in
 pneshclneta kae
fa qun snh hpraplhia phrh sus enknslihins ne nsn iãh ne phrtlkufhr,
cneas `rlkklûe kae
nf jn`n, ghklneia fa cnjar paslmfn ne su nxhcne, sheheia in su
ne`nrcnihi, a
lekfusa hfda phrh hfdulne cès. Chdlh phrh nf mnen`lkla y nf mmlnensthr
lnensthr in
atras slncprn ns ueh apklûe painrash. Inspuìs in ue tlncpa, nsth
 prèktlkh sn kaevnrtlrè
kaevnrtlrè
sndueih ehturhfnzh phrh tl, y pairès krnhr `archs in pneshclneta sle
 pneshr 
cukga samrn nsa ne hmsafuta. \ hf lduhf qun kuhfqulnr atrh ghmlflihi ne
fh vlih, kuheta cès fa ghdhs, cnjar ne nsa tn kaevnrtlrès.

Yhflschens, hcufntas y thtuhjns ghklneia ue

 

Fh `arch in pneshclneta ns ueh in fhs tìkelkhs

cès vnrsètlfns ne
Chdlh Runins ushr fh prèktlkh hetnrlar y

hpflkhr  h fha krnhklûe
ue krlsthf in uea snrvliar,
vhsa in hduh, ghklneiakhrdheia
ue
thflscèe a ue hcufnta. hetns in
sndulcas hinfhetn, qulnra vnr nspnkã`lkhcnetn
fas thflschens
y hcufntas parqun phrnkn qun ghy cukgas
kae`uslûe samrn nstas tìrcleas y fa qun
cnilh.
Rrlcnra, fas thflschens y fas hcufntas sae slclfhrns ne qun hcmas sae
kaca mhtnrãhs
 punin ffnehrsn
ffnehrsn in nenrdãh Hktúhe kac
kacaa inpûsltas in nenrdãh
nenrdãh qun in
hfdueh chenrh sae hekfhias ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf, y punine nsthr gnkgas
in kuhfqulnr kash: pløhs, gunsa, rakh in rãa, nfhmarhias snffas in
tleth. Rnrsaehfcnetn, fas sldlfas ne nf hrtn sae hfdueas in cls
`archs `hvarlths in thflschens y hcufntas. Rhrh nf ajaa ja nxtnrlar, safa sn
vne kaca
fãenhs aeiufhihs qun sn kruzhe ne èedufas hduias, y in hfdueh chenrh
nsa ns taia fa qun sae. Kuheia
qulths fas hspnktas nsatìrlkas in fas sldlfas, safa sae dhrhmhtas qun
rnprnsnethe
8;4
kaeknptas phrtlkufhrns,
phrtlkufhrns, pnrsaehs, fudhrns, insnas, ntk. Fhs rhzaens par fhs
qun thfns kashs
nf trhmhja ns qun nvlthe fas hspnktas kaesklnetns in fh cnetn y hmarihe
fas hspnktas cès pra`ueias
hspnktas in tu pslqun.
Fas tìrcleas thflscèe y hcufnta h cneuia sn ushe leilstlethcnetn,
leilstlethcnetn, pnra
tìkelkhcnetn kucpfne `ueklaens apunsths. Fas thflschens nstèe
hkushias in trhnr 
hfda ghklh easatras, y fas hcufntas sn nekhrdhe in ncpujhr a chetnenr
fhs
Hquãkashs
ghy hfnjhihs.
ueh rndfh `èklf phrh nvlthr kae`ueilr h fas ias: fhs
  phfhmrhs thflscèe y

ghklh hcmhs lelkla kae ueh t  ,

 , clnetrhs qun nf hcufnta y
fh ilstheklh kacnezhrè hcmas kae ueh . Yú
 pairãh ghknr ue thflscèe
thflscèe phrh kashs
kashs kaca praspnrl
praspnrlihi,
ihi, hcar, kurhklûe,
kurhklûe,
arlnethklûe y
 praeta. ^e hcufnta,
hcufnta, par atra ffhia,
hia, sn ushrãh phrh
phrh rnpnfnr kashs
kashs qun
amsthkuflzhe
eunstra krnklclneta y inshrraffa a qun yh ea tlnene ue prapûslta ne
eunstrhs vlihs:
 pamrnzh, hilkklûe,
hilkklûe, kae`flkta a irhch
irhch cheu`hkturhia.
cheu`hkturhia. Nf úftlca njncpfa
ns ue
insh`artuehih rnhflihi phrh cukgas in easatras qun phrtlklphcas ne fhs
rnins saklhfns, sle snetlia
ilskuslaens y pnqunøhs mhthffhs ne @hknmaao, par njncpfa. Hfduehs
 pnrsaehs phrtlklphe
phrtlklphe
nstn tlpa in kashs phrh ghknrfas snetlr cès vlvas, y atras slcpfncnetn fa
ghkne kaca ueh `arch in
ilstrhkklûe
slrvn ghmltuhf.
`ueklûe Kuhfqulnrh
iurhinrh? su tlncpasnh fh rhzûe,pairãhe
y nenrdãh nf irhch cheu`hkturhia
ghmnrsn punsta, neea
khcmla, ne khih vnz cès `unrtn, cès hchmfn a cès shmla. Ea enknslths
ue hcufnta phrh nvlthr thf kashs pnr sn, pnra kaeslinrh ueh sl tn
nekunetrhs htrhphia ne nstn tlpa in sltuhklûe.
^eh vnz nskukgì h ue clelstra ne tnfnvlslûe ihr ue snrcûe samrn fh
glstarlh in
Ihvli y Daflhtg. Nf clelstra ilja qun kuheia Ihvli sn hknrkû h
@rnetn h Daflht, fh úelkh prndueth qun cn vlea h fh cnetn `un "±Xuì
ghda1
±phrh inrrathrfa1 Ne atrhs phfhmrhs, Ihvli ea nsthmh fukgheia par 
ehih. Ea lmh h dhsthr su prnklasa tlncpa y nenrdãh.
 phrtlklphr ne ueh pnfnh ne fh qun ea ghmãh ehih qun dhehr, sle cneklaehr
qun nsthmh hrrlnsdheia su vlih. Ne fh vlih, ea punins pnfnhr khih mhthffh
Nsa vlnen ne tu khclea. Ghzfa kae fh `rnkuneklh su`lklnetn y nsthrès
inchslhia kheshia
 phrh ne`rnethr
ne`rnethr fas insh`ãas qun lcparthe.
^eh phrtn lcparthetn in snr prhktlkhetn in chdlh ns hprneinr 
Kûca nfndlr tus mhthffhs. Ea injns qun fhs gnrlihs sn le`nktne, pnra
thcpaka enknslth dnenrhr ueh `arch in pneshclneta phrh khih pnqunøh
cafnstlh qun vlnen h tu chenrh. Hprnein kuèeia ue hsueta rnhfcnetn
cnrnkn snr instnrrhia a vlekufhetn, parqun ghy klnrths `unrzhs ne nf
cueia qun ustni klnrthcnetn enknslth chetnenrsn hfnjhia. \ h vnkns ns
cnjar dhsthr safa ue ueas cacnetas ghklneia ue paka in chdlh phrh
hsndurhrsn in qun hfda pnqunøa ea sn kaevlnrtn ne ue drhe pramfnch ne
 nf `utura.

Rhdn 8;7
 pnqunøa ea sn kaevlnrtn
kaevlnrtn ne ue drhe pramfnch ne nf `utura.
Nvnetuhfcnetn, kacprneinrès
kacprneinrès cnjar iûein inmns ilrldlr tu chdlh
tìrcleas in quì ilmujhr y quì chetnenr hfnjhia. H cnilih qun hvhezh su
khclea, ustni
hiqulrlr cès nxpnrlneklh ea safa ne levakhr y chel`nsthr, slea thcmlìe
ne instnrrhr 
y vlekufhetn: fas ias vhe in fh chea. Rar njncpfa, fas chdas hvhezhias
trhmhjhe kae Gafy Duhrilhe Hednfs (GDH) phrh arlnethklûe n
lestrukklûe ne chdlh tìkelkhs qun ea sn nekunetrhe ne eledúe flmra. In
nsth chenrh, hparthe ue elvnf in shmliurãh
h fh qun ehiln cès tlnen hkknsa. [le ncmhrda, ueh vnz qun su rnfhklûe
kae fh GDH nsthmfnklia, nstas chdas thcmlìe levakhrèe sus praplas
rhsdas endhtlvas ne `arch in "incaelas" y, kae fh hyuih in fh GDH,
uelr khih uea y khih uea in nffas. In nsth chenrh, fas chdas sn flmnrhe
in sus praplas Le`funeklhs pnrjuilklhf
pnrjuilklhfns.
ns.

Runins ghknr ue thflscèe a ue hcufnta kae kuhfqulnr kash.

Kuheia ghda chdlh prèktlkh, ghda hcmhs kashs: rnhflza chdlh phrh
chel`nsthr 
cls insnas, pnra thcmlìe ghda chdlh phrh instnrrhr le`funeklhs ea
insnhihs a cafnsths.
Iamfhr hsã ghkn qun snh cukga cès pramhmfn qun amtnedhs fas rnsufthias
qun
qunrnr. Ildhcas qun nstès phsheia par ue cacneta il`ãklf
`leheklnrhcnetn.
`leheklnrhcn etn. Yú pairãhs
krnh ue thflscèe phrh htrhnr fh praspnrlihi y ue hcufnta phrh insghknrtn
in fh pamrnzh.
A, sl ustni a hfdulne qun hch phinkn ueh ne`nrcnihi drhvn, ghdh ue
Yhflscèe phrh chel`nsthr muneh shfui y ue hcufnta phrh instnrrhr fh
ne`nrcnihi. Ghklneia
hcmas, hucnethe rhilkhfcnetn sus paslmlflihins in ìxlta. Kuheia nsthmh
ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn, ya
glza cukga in nstn tlpa in kashs. ]nhflkì chdlh phrh htrhnr fh flmnrthi
ghklh cã.
y chdlh phrh instnrrhr fh prlslûe in cl vlih. Glkn chdlh phrh htrhnr
hyuih
le`funeklhs y chdlh phrh ilscleulr nf painr in fas pafãtlkas qun `unrae
levnrtlias
ne ffnvhr h khma cl hsnslehta. \ prhktlquì chdlh phrh trhnr sndurlihi y
 

 pratnkklûe, pnra
pnra thcmlìe chdlh phrh instnrrhr h fas duhrilhs in prlslûe
hmuslvas.
Runins ghknr ue thflscèe a ue hcufnta kae kuhfqulnr kash, y ea tlnens
qun
krnhr yh snh par tl clsca insin knra. Fa qun ghkn qun ue amjnta snh
cèdlka
nenrdãh ns
kaenffh qun fa khrdh, ea kûca sn vn, in quì nstè gnkga a kûca ns
kaestrulia. El slqulnrh tlnen qun vnrsn cèdlka, pairãh snr ue iãh h iãh
rakh, ueh caenih ilskrnth, a su tnfì`aea knfufhr. Yaia nstè gnkga in
nenrdãh
in taias caias, y ushs fh clsch tìkelkh leinpneilnetncnetn inf amjnta
qun nrns
khrdheia. ^e thflscèe a hcufnta punin tachr fh `arch in fh cès
nstìtlkh.
ueh amrh in hrtn hdrhihmfn qun nrns khphz in ghknr, a slcpfncnetn punin
snr ue cnkgûe in khmnffa
Rhdn 8;<
qun ushs kaca ue vãekufa kacprneslva netrn tú y fh pnrsaeh h qulne
vlea
in. Kae rnspnkta h nsta úftlca, fh levnstldhklûe ne `ãslkh kuèetlkh leilkh
qun fhs phrtãkufhs
^eh vnz ne kaethkta, slncprn chetneirncas hfdueh `arch in kaenxlûe,
 Ea lcparth fhfh ilstheklh netrn
netrn fhs phrtãkufhs.
phrtãkufhs. Nsn ns nf prleklpla
prleklpla ne junda
kuheia
]nhflzhcas chdlh usheia nf khmnffa, fhs uøhs a fh prneih in vnstlr in
ueh pnrsaeh.
^eh vnz ne kaethkta kae ueh pnrsaeh, sus pnrtneneklhs pnrchenknrèe
kaenkthihs h
nffas ne hfdúe elvnf. Hf ne`akhr fh chdlh ne nsn nfncneta, punin nevlhr
ue phrtlkufhr 
`arch in nenrdãh (hcar y hpaya, par njncpfa) h trhvìs inf nefhkn
ilrnkthcnetn h nsn
 pnrsaeh. Rar in`lelklûe,
in`lelklûe, nsa ghkn qun nf amjnta snsnhh ue thflscèe.
Fas usas in fas thflschens y hcufntas sae le`leltas. Rairãhs khrdhr tu
helffa in maihs phrh qun slncprn ghyh hcar y hchmlflihi netrn ustni y
su
nspash. Runin khrdhr nf kaffhr in su chskath phrh chetnenrfh sheh y
sndurh. Yú
 pairãh khrdhr su
clnetrhs su ffhvnra in ueh chenrh qun fa hyuin h nvlthr hk
hkklinetns
klinetns
 

kaeiuklr su hutacûvlf, a phrh qun ea rnklmh cufths in trèeslta, a phrh

qun slncprn punih
nekunetrn ue fudhr in nsthklaehclneta ne fh tlneih in
kacnstlmfns. Lekfusa gn khrdhia pnshs phrh chetnenr 
\a `unrtn y shfuihmfn. Fhs paslmlflihins in thflschens y hcufntas sae
flclthihs.
safa par tu lchdlehklûe. (Rhrh khrdhr thflschens y hcufntas, kaesuftn fhs
lestrukklaens
 phrh hucnethr fh nenrdãh: `hsn =.)
=.) ^ea in fas mnen`lklas in ghknr ue
thflscèe a ue hcufnta
ns qun fh chdlh qun fn paens slncprn nstè `ueklaeheia. Ghy akhslaens
ne qun
Ns paslmfn qun ea tnedh tlncpa phrh intnenrsn y rnhflzhr fh chdlh qun
enknslth ne nf cacneta.
Rar njncpfa, ildhcas qun nstès khcleheia h khsh ueh
u eh eakgn y in
rnpnetn saspnkghs qun
Hfdulne
in fh tn nstè sldulneia. Ea ns ueh muneh linh intnenrsn hffã ne cnila
khffn askurh y rnhflzhr ue nfhmarhia rltuhf in pratnkklûe. Ne khcmla,
tnedh su
shfhs in pratnkklûe ne su fudhr in hetnchea. Ns prn`nrlmfn tachrsn nf
tlncpa qun enknslth
kuheia ns sndura ghknr thfns kashs phrh qun nf thflscèe a nf hcufnta yh
nstì fnvhethia
y trhmhjheia kuheia fa enknslths. Rhrh nstn tlpa in sltuhklûe, rnkaclneia
khrdhr 
ue helffa, kaffhr, mrhzhfntn a hfdueh atrh jayh qun
q un ushs rndufhrcnetn.
In nsh chenrh, ns pramhmfn qun tn taqun kuheia ffndun nf
cacneta. Kaca iljn hetnrlarcnetn, nf
Nf amjnta hktúh kaca ue tlpa in mhtnrãh ne fh qun sn hfajh ueh
intnrclehih chrkh in nenrdãh.
(ne nstn khsa, nenrdãh pratnktarh), y chdentlzh tu hurh kae nsn phrtlkufhr 
letneklûe.
[l ghs vlsta `atadrh`ãhs rnklnetns in cã, shmrès qun nstay kumlnrta
kae thtuhjns Fas thtuhjns ghe slia cl cìtaia prleklphf phrh khrdhr
thflschens y
hcufntas cl plnf nstè hrrndfhih kae nffas insin cl kunffa ghsth cls plns,
 prleklphfcnetnn ne nf
 prleklphfcnet
`arch in sldlfas, kl`rhias y sãcmafas. Hfdueas nstèe hkushias in htrhnr
`unrzh,
hclsthi y praspnrlihi? atras nstèe instlehias h insvlhr `archs in
 endhtlva

Nenrdãh n letneklûe. Gn trhiuklia fas eacmrns in

i n vhrlas hrkèednfns h
892
`ldurhs hmstrhkths qun sn netrnfhzhe kae sãcmafas hetlduas in ndlpklas,
kgleas,
y trhilklaens gnmrnhs. Hfdueas in cls thtuhjns nstèe khrdhias in thf
chenrh qun sn kaenkthe
hyúihcn h fh tlnrrh iaein vlva (Eunvh \aro) y hyúihcn h pnrchenknr
kaenkthia h tlnrrh
snetlia inf gadhr, lekfusa kuheia vlhja h clfns in olfûcntras in
ilstheklh. tneda uea
thtuhjn qun tlnen fh letneklûe in hyuihrcn h ghmfhr y nskrlmlr kae
nfakuneklh hf ihr 
lestrukklaens ne chdlh phrh qun fhs pnrsaehs letnrnshihs punihe
kacprneinr cès `èklfcnetn
fhs tìkelkhs y amtnenr nf chyar mnen`lkla in nffhs.
 Ea sn cn akurrlû
akurrlû ushr thtuhjns
thtuhjns kaca amjntas cèdlkas ghsth c cls ls
nxpnrlneklhs
ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn y fh kaecaklûe in kûca nrh cl vlih kuheia
shfã. Kuheia tneda
 punsta inetra, rèplihcnetn hprneiã
hprneiã qun fh prlslûe
prlslûe tn qulthrè ttaia
aia fa qun
hprnklhs
- tu raph, tu khmnffa, tus flmras, lekfusa tu eacmrn. H`artuehihcnetn,
nffas
ea paiãh qulthrcn fh plnf, par nsa say nf drlcarla qun khcleh y rnsplrh
vnr gay Iurhetn clfns in høas, fas chdas ghe ushia drlcarlas (flmras
samrn
chdlh) phrh kail`lkhr tìkelkhs mèslkhs: kûca krnhr thflschens y
hcufntas, nf
`ueihcnetas in fh hilvlehklûe, kûca kaevakhr h fas èednfns,
ntk. Netaekns cl kunrpa tlnen
kaevnrtlia ne ue tlpa in cheuhf, y say enknshrlhcnetn lesnphrhmfn in fh
chdlh qun gn
kafakhia ne nstas ilvnrsas sãcmafas y sldlfas.
Ne prlslûe, el slqulnrh tn injhe chetnenr tu eacmrn. Yn ncltne ue
eúcnra. Ne fa qun rnspnkth hf nsthia in Hroheshs, Ihclne
Nkgafs ea nxlstãh: nsthmh prnsa [O-<;8 (nsa sldel`lkh qun nrh nf
<;8h pnrsaeh qun Hroheshs kaeineû h cunrtn). Nsn elvnf in
fh insguchelzhklûe rn`fnjh y pnrcltn taia tlpa in hmusas, y cukgas in
nffas
ns the tnrrlmfn qun suneh `lktlkla hf kaethrfa. Yaia nf slstnch
 sn mhsh ne fh guclffhklûe y fh instrukklûe parqun enknslth h fh dnetn

hinetra phrh afvlihr qun sae gucheas y phrh qun slnethe qun
 Ea tneda eledúe rnkursa
rnkursa cès qun hknpthr
hknpthr fa qun fns
fns vnedh,
leinpneilnetncnetn
leinpneilnetncn etn inf iafar levafukrhia.
Rairãhe ihøhr cl hurh, pnra ea paiãhe qulthrfh.
Rairãhe amsthkuflzhr snrlhcnetn
snrlhcnetn cl khphklihi in rnhflzhr chdlh, pnra ea
netnrhcnetn.
 Ea Rairãhe
cn cl `arzhrcn
paiãh ramhrcn
ramhr khphklihitaih
khphklihi kfhsn
in ihr in amstèkufas,
`arch pnra
h fh rnhflihi. nffasfas
Yaias
ilhs in cl
tlncpa hinetra, vlvãh ne ue khcpa in mhthffh in vafuethins: nf Nsthia
qunrãh
instrulrcn, pnra tneãh cukghs dhehs in samrnvlvlr, vlvlr y praspnrhr.
H`artuehihcnetn,, ghy cacnetas ne qun fh mhthffh ea vh hf
H`artuehihcnetn
cès `unrtn a cès rèplia, pnra hf fhia qun tlnen fh vafuethi kruih in
hduhethr ghsth nf `lehf. Hsã qun hquã nstay, y nstay hquã par nstas
tìkelkhs, par fh chdlh y par fhs pnrsaehs qun hchmhe
898
tìkelkhs, par fh chdlh y par fhs pnrsaehs qun hchmhe
y cn hpayû iurhetn cl tlncpa ne nf le`lnrea.
Kuheia `lehfcnetn shfã inf karrniar in fh cunrtn, cl letnrìs ne khrdhr
thtuhjns kae chdlh (kaca
hsã kaca cl khphklihi phrh ghknrfa) safa hucnetû. Ea tn hkastucmrhs h
nsthr ne prlslûe
ne ue safa iãh, y klnrthcnetn tach cukga cès tlncpa qun nsa
hkastucmrhrsnn h nsthr 
hkastucmrhrs
`unrh. Iurhetn fas prlcnras høas, vlvã ne ue nsthia in clnia khsl
kaesthetn. ya
 Ea paiãh krnnr
krnnr qun nsthmh `unr
`unrh?
h? sn snetãh inchslhia
inchslhia munea phrh snr
vnrihi, y snduã nspnrheia
cl flmnrthi in snr hrrnmhthih in cã ne kuhfqulnr cacneta. [hmãh qun
enknslthmh
cès pratnkklûe, hsã qun inkliã krnhr ueh hrchiurh, gnkgh in chdlh
 plnf khrdhih, nsa ns.
Yhcmlìe tnedh ne kuneth qun vlhjhmh cukga y kaeakãh dnetn eunvh taia
nf tlncpa.
garh. Nsthmh in dlrh phrh pracaklaehr cls flmras hetnrlarns, hsã kaca ue
iakucnethf qun
 praiuklia, y ea nrh
nrh leusuhf phrh cã tnrclehr ne nvnetas iaein cn
cn
nekaetrhrãh
klnetas (y hkaeclda
letnrhktúh vnkns clfns) in pnrsaehs,
pnrsaehfcnet
pnrsaehfcnetn. cukghs
n. Nsthmh in fhs kae
fukgheia kuhfns qunrãhein
trhstarea
 nstrìs pastrhucètlka
pastrhucètlka drhvn y h cneuia snetãh

lekhphklthia par fh heslnihi y fh kae`uslûe. [n snetãh kaca sl nstuvlnrh

shedrheia nenrdãh
ne taihs phrtns, kaca shedrn ne nf hduh, y ea nrh rhra qun cn ne`nrchrh
y
qunihr ne khch par ueh sncheh. Fhrdh glstarlh karth, cn il kuneth in
qun
nxtrhenknslthmh
parqun nrhhfda
paka pramhmfn qun `unrh h intnenr ueh netrnvlsth h
clthi in khclea
 phrh khrdhr cl hurh kae nenrdãh y pratndnrcn in
tneslûe hilklaehf Hgarh tneda thtuhjns qun ghkne nf trhmhja par
cã. Hfdueas nstèe instlehias h nvlthr fh hmsarklûe in inchslhih nenrdãh
in atras, y hfdueas nstèe khrdhias phrh Ilscleulr nf lcphkta in fhs
 pnrsaehs qun nxtrhne
nxtrhne nenrdãh in cã y cn injhe hdathia.
Hsã qun cn paeda nsth hrchiurh, pnra prn`lnra pneshrfa cès kaca ueh
sndurlihi cheth, ueh gnkgh in thflschens cèdlkas, hcufntas, sãcmafas,
sldlfas, kl`rhias.

Kuheth cès nenrdãh ilrljhs ghklh ueh kash ne phrtlkufhr,

cès khrdhia sn ghkn.
Cukgas in cls thtuhjns nstèe pnrsaehflzhias par ueh `arch in i n nskrlturh
in cl praplh krnhklûe. ]nkaclneia ghknr nsta par tl clsca kuheia
khrduns amjntas: krnh tu prapla hf`hmnta. Ghknrfa hsndurhrè qun safa tú
netlneih fh ehturhfnzh in su chdlh, y fn hdrndhrè cès painr. Ghklneia
su prapla hf`hmnta (sle cneklaehr su prapla lilach) rnqulnrn cukgh
htneklûe y ne`aqun sastnelia, fa qun sldel`lkh qun fn nstès paelneia
nenrdãh kaesthetn.
Rhdn 89=
\ kaca pramhmfncnetn snh nvlinetn, kuheth cès nenrdãh ilrljhs ghklh
hfda ne phrtlkufhr, kuheta cès khrdhia sn vunfvn. In nsth chenrh, ns
cukga cès n`nktlva ushr su prapla slstnch in nskrlturh qun ue hf`hmnta a
nstlfa in nskrlturh qun ghs nsthia ghklneia hutacètlkhcnetn insin qun
nrhs ue eløa.
Yhcmlìe tn helca h qun ghdhs tus hrtn`hktas cèdlkas the gnrcasas y
úelkas
kaca snh paslmfn. Hincès in fas thtuhjns, ueh in cls `archs `hvarlths
in krnhr thflschens ns
h trhvìs in pleturh y flneza, y gn tnelia fh sunrtn in qun phrtn in cl hrtn
gh slia nxglmlia ne dhfnrãhs in taia nf cueia. Letneta ghknr khih
 thflscèe kaca

nstìtlkhcnetn fa cès hdrhihmfn paslmfn, y nstay `nflz in qun theth dnetn

nstìtlkhcnetn
ils`rutn in cl
amrh in hrtn y nekaetrhr hfda in vhfar ne nffh. ]nhfcnetn, cn slneta
gaerhia. Rnra ea qulnra
 phrh sastnenr nsta
nsta kaca ueh cn
cnilih
ilih in ìxlta ne
ne tìrcleas in tu chdlh,
 parqun
su trhmhja ea tlnen qun htrhnr h ehiln cès qun h ustni. El slqulnrh
enknslths snr 
Hrtãstlkhcnetn
Hrtãstlkhcnetn lekflehia. Ea ghy hmsafuthcnetn eledueh rndfh samrn
kûca sae fas amjntas cèdlkas.
sn supaen qun inmn clrhr a quì chtnrlhfns inmn ushr ne su kaestrukklûe.
Ilkga nsta, hfdueas chtnrlhfns tlnene ueh khrdh cèdlkh cès `èklfcnetn
`èklfcnetn,,
in chenrh cès kae`lhmfn y par ue pnrãaia in tlncpa cès fhrda. Gn
nekaetrhia fas ias cnjarns chtnrlhfns. snr krlsthfns in kuhrza y hduh,
qun apnrhe in chenrh nxtrhøhcnetn slclfhr.
Kuhfqulnr kash qun khrduns kae fhs tìkelkhs qun gn inskrlta
nvnetuhfcnetn
 phrh pnrinrèslnsa
slncprn, lekfusa
slncprn, ikhrdhr:
fh injh ueh
njh ne nf mhtnrãh
hrchrla yea
hrchrla pnrchenkn
euekh fa usns.khrdhih
Fh nenrdãh
slncprn nstè ne cavlclneta y, kaca thf, nvnetuhfcnetn
ilslphrsn in ue amjnta ihia. Rar nsa ns lcparthetn rnkhrdhr su
thflschens, hcufntas, sldlfas, ntk. Leinpneilnetncnetn, nf kuhrza y nf
hduh chetneirèe su kamrhr par ue tlncpa sarprneinetncnetn
sarprneinetncnetn fhrda, par
fa qun rnkaclneia trhmhjhr theta kae nffas kaca snh paslmfn.

Fas krlsthfns ghe slia lekrnãmfncnetn papufhrns ne fhs úftlchs iìkhihs,

lekfusa netrn pnrsaehs qun ea sn h`lflhe kae fhs krnneklhs a prèktlkhs in
fh Eunvh Nrh.
Fas vns ne taihs phrtns: flmrnrãhs, ldfnslhs, jaynrã
jaynrãhs
hs y
 praeta. Hca fas
fas krlsthfns? Fas rnkaja
rnkaja iaein qulnrh qun vhyh y ffnea cl
khsh kae nffas Yhcmlìe cn dusth ihrfas h pnrsaehs qun qulzès ea
tûchtn nf tlncpa phrh hprneinr h prhktlkhr chdlh, parqun ea tlnens qun
Kacprneinr fh chdlh phrh amtnenr mnen`lklas in fas krlsthfns. Nffas sae
^eh `arch in chdlh ehturhf qun h`nkth legnrnetncnetn fh nenrdãh
gucheh. khcpa in chenrh pasltlvh hf nxpheilr y `arthfnknr eunstra hurh.
Nsta `un iakucnethia par [ncyae Olrflhe, qulne levnetû ueh `arch in
`atadrh`lhr hurhs. Netrn atrhs rnvnfhklaens, Olrflhe inskumrlû qun
ueh pnrsaeh qun sastlnen ue krlsthf tlnen ue hurh nf iamfn inf thchøa in
hfdulne

Rhdn 89;
qulne ea ns Fas krlsthfns hktúhe kaca mhtnrãhs a hcpfl`lkhiarns phrh nf
 snr guchea.

khcpa in nenrdãh, y punins khrdhrfas phrh rnhflzhr patnetns

Chdlh ehturhf.

Hduh Rhrh eunstras prapûsltas, cn dusthrãh

knetrhrcn ne nf ilspaelmfn
Nstè `èklfcnetn hduh. ne fh chyarãh in fas
fudhrns ne nf anstn, easatras
mìmhfa taias fas iãhs, y rnprnsneth hfrniniar
inf 02 par klneta
in eunstras kunrpas (ias tnrklas in nsa nstè
inetra in eunstrhs kìfufhs).
Inklr qun nf hduh ns nsneklhf phrh eunstrh
supnrvlvneklh
htneuhklûe. ns ue

Rrèktlkhcnetn taias kaeakne nf painr legnrnetn hf hduh: punin krnhr 

Rrèktlkhcnetn
nenrdãh gliranfìktrlkh
gliranfìktrlkh y thffhr khøaens, par eacmrhr safa ue phr in
njncpfas. Rnra
Cneas pnrsaehs sae kaesklnetns in kuèe mlne nf hduh rntlnen fh
nenrdãh. Nsta ns chrhvlffasa ne
in hfdueh chenrh, pnra thcmlìe mhsthetn insh`artuehia kuheia akurrne
kashs trhucètlkhs. Rar njncpfa,
kuheia hfdulne sn hgadh ne ue kunrpa in hduh qun ea sn cunvn (ue
nsthequn a fhda, par 
njncpfa), kuhfqulnr clnia qun nxpnrlcnethrae hf carlr khrdhrè nsh hduh
y
ghkne qun fhs `uturhs trhdnilhs snhe cès pramhmfns. Nf garrar gh
le`ueilia nf hduh y
htrhnrè nenrdãh slclfhr ghsth qun fh khrdh snh heufhih, hftnrhih a
ilslphih. Ne
Rar atra fhia, fh tneineklh inf hduh h chetnenr ueh khrdh fa ghkn
nxknfnetn phrh fh kurhklûe
y trhes`archklûe `ueihcnethf, rhzûe par fh kuhf `fulias kaca hduh, juda
 y

nf vlea jundh ue phpnf the lcparthetn ne fas hktas rnfldlasas in

kacuelûe. Linhfcnetn, fh kacuelûe sn trhth in lednrlr fuz ilvleh y ghknr
qun trhmhjn ne tl ne nf elvnf knfufhr, y nsa punin akurrlr parqun nf `fulia
sn gh khrdhia ne ue chenrh phrtlkufhr. Runins ghknr fa clsca in ueh
chenrh cneas a`lklhf khrdheia hduh, mnmlìeiafh phrh qun sn kaevlnrth
ne
hurhueh
kaephrtn
nsh rnhf in su kunrpa
mneilklûe `ãslka, y ghknr qun fh nenrdãh le`ueih tu
phrtlkufhr.

Runin khrdhr hduh par khsl kuhfqulnr kash. Hetns in ihr ueh kfhsn samrn
chdlh, khrda ue vhsa in hduh phrh ghknrcn cès nfakunetn, y cn hyuih
Nxprnshr cls pneshclnetas y snetlclnetas in ueh chenrh qun rnsunen
kae fhs pnrsaehs. Kacnekì nxpnrlcnetheia kae fh khrdh in hduh kuheia
nsthmh ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn y nsthmh nxpnrlcnetheia ueh tnrrlmfn
khetlihi in iafar `ãslka, nspnklhfcnetn ne fas ilnetns. ya tneãh
gh slia dafpnhia ne fh khrh iurhetn høas, fa qun khusû cukga ihøa, y
kaca nf Rhshias fas høas ne prlslûe, cl iafar ncpnarû khih vnz
cès. Ea tuvn
cnilkleh hkknsaphrh
hinkuhih h uehflvlhr 
inetlsth rnhf, y klnrthcnetn ea cn ihrãhe fh
Rhdn 899
nf iafar. Hsã qun rnkurrã hf hduh ne muskh in hyuih.
Kaca snøhfì hetnrlarcnetn, iupflquì cl chdlh y khrduì hduh theta
kaca
thflscèe y kaca hcufnta. Kaca thflscèe, lcmuã vhsas in hduh kae nf
insna qun cls ilnetns vunfvhe h fh shfui, qun nstìe sheas y sheas
eunvhcnetn, y
 phrh htrhnr kacailihi
kacailihi y trhequlflihi.
trhequlflihi. Kaca hcufnta,
hcufnta, cn kaeknetrì nnee
instnrrhr fa `ãslka
ihøa hsã kaca nf iafar garrlmfn. Glkn nsta ueh y atrh vnz, khrdheia y
 mnmlneia, y `lehfcnetn
`lehfcnetn `ueklaeû. In gnkga,
gnkga, fh prèktlkh
prèktlkh `ueklaeû the mlne
mlne
qun
`un uea in fas prleklphfns kaetrlmuynetns h cl `n ne fh chdlh. Netrn atrhs
kashs,
cn nesnøû qun fh chdlh ns khphz in fa clfhdrasa.
Kuheia nsthmh ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn, Farrl y ya tuvlcas qun
 prnskleilr in fhfh chyarãh in ffas
as
kashs qun fhs phrnjhs ihe par snethia. Ea puilcas iarclr juetas ne nf
clsch khch. Ea paiãhcas shflr h knehr, el vnr ueh pnfãkufh, el slqulnrh
snethrsn juetas tachias in fh chea. Fh chyarãh in fhs `archs ne qun fhs
 pnrsaehs kacphrtne
kacphrtne sus
nf h`nkta y nf hcar cutua nrhe safa ue sunøa a ueh `hethsãh phrh
 

easatras, hsã qun tuvlcas qun kae`lhr ne atras cìtaias. Kuheia ueh
 pnrsaeh su`rn in khmnzh
trhuch ghsth nf pueta in qun su knrnmra nstè rnhfcnetn ihøhia, quì
suknin qun nf knrnmra `arch eunvhs kaenxlaens, y fh pnrsaeh
inskumrn `archs eavniashs in rnhflzhr hkklaens `ueihcnethfns. Nsa ns
fa qun Farrl y ya glklcas. @archcas eunvas khcleas ghklh fh letlclihi,
kae`lheia
ne chdlh phrh praparklaehr fa qun in atra caia
`hfthmh. Nspnkã`lkhcnetn, easatras
ushcas hduh phrh chetnenreas kaenkthias.
Nf hduh hktúh kaca ueh mhtnrãh khsl pnr`nkth. Ylnen khsl kuhfqulnr 
khrdh, y nsh khrdh ea enknslth pravnelr in ue guchea. Hduh
hmsarmn nenrdãh in taia fa qun fa rainh. Rar ue tlncpa hffã, tuvn ue
 pnqunøh vnetheh ne cl knfih, y ne fh eakgn in fueh
fueh ffneh
kafaqun ue pnqunøa rnklplnetn kae hduh ne nf hf`ìlzhr in fh vnetheh
v netheh phrh
qun punih
khrdhia par in
Ne fh eakgn fh fuz
fuehinffneh,
fh fueh.
nffh\glza
iaein qulnrh qun
fa clsca. F arrl phshrh
Farrl
Ffhchcas
nsth prèktlkh Caae Thtnr. Hcmas nstèmhcas trhtheia in htrhphr hfdueas
in fas
nsneklh in fh fueh Funda, paeirãhcas nf hduh ne ue fudhr iaein
nf saf ea mrlffhrãh samrn ìf (phrh qun ea letnrrucplnrh fh nenrdãh fuehr 
sastnelia ne nf hduh) y taihs fhs eakgns, hf clsca tlncpa, ãmhcas
shkh eunstrh hduh in fh fueh in tu nskaeiltn y tûchtn ue trhda. Fuehr 
fh nenrdãh sn ush phrh cnjarhr fhs ghmlflihins psãqulkhs y hucnethr fas
 painrns in
 pnrknpklûe, y pairãhcas
pairãhcas ushr taia taia fa qun puilìrhcas
puilìrhcas amtnenr. Rnra
 prleklphfcnetnn
 prleklphfcnet
Nsth prèktlkh eas chetuva kaenkthias parqun hcmas nstèmhcas
kacpracntlias kae
Rhdn 89>
ghklneia fh clsch prèktlkh in fh clsch chenrh. N lekfusa sl Farrl
nsthmh nekneilia
Hf atra fhia inf cueia, kuheia mnmlcas eunstrh Hduh in fh Fueh,
easatras
Nstuvlcas juetas, huequn safa `unrh par ue cacneta.
Huequn nstay ghmfheia in mnmnr hduh khrdhih ne nsth snkklûe, ea slneth
kaca sl enknslthrhs nsthr flclthia hf ushrfa in nsh chenrh. Runins khrdhr 
nf hduh
qun utlflzh ne amrhs in hrtn phrh hucnethr su mnffnzh y htrhktlva, a pairãh
 le`ueilr su

rlndun kae nenrdãh pratnktarh y trhpnn khih ghmlthklûe in su khsh kae

nffh. Nsn
Ilkga nsta, fhs sldulnetns prèktlkhs sae samrn nf hduh pathmfn qun ghs
kaevnrtlia ne ue
thflscèe. Rrlcnra vhs h khrdhr ue vhsa in hduh, y funda vhs h
ihfn ue prapûslta
Cneklaeì phrtlkufhr.
nf hkta in kacuelûe hrrlmh. Ne nshs rhrhs akhslaens kuheia cl
fh `hclflh lmh h fh ldfnslh, hquã y hffè eas ihmhe amfnhs, rnzhmh ueh
 pnqunøh arhklûe
kae taias fas incès, y kacnr fhs amfnhs. Fh pnrsaeh qun ilrldn nf
snrvlkla ilrãh
hfda hknrkh in lednrlr nf kunrpa in Krlsta, pnra ghmfhrãhe in nffa ne
tìrcleas purhcnetn slcmûflkas.
slcmûflkas. Kaca sl ne rnhflihi ea fa nstuvlìrhcas
ghklneia, pnra inmnrãhcas `ledlr 
rnhfcnetn mlne y pneshr ne taia nf hsueta. Rnra rnsufth qun ne rnhflihi
sacas
fa qun kacncas,
kaclih taia
y nf hduh sn fa qun kaesuclcas
kaevlnrtne ne nf sn kaevlnrtn ne easatras ? fh
 mfaquns in kaestrukklûe
kaestrukklûe `ueihcnethfns
`ueihcnethfns in eunstras kunrpas.
kunrpas. Ea
kacncas el mnmncas ehih
slcmûflkhcnetn,
slcmûflkhcn etn, ne rnhflihi nstè suknilneia. [l khrdh ueh amfnh a ueh
thzh in juda
kae fh kaeklneklh in Krlsta, nsa ns fa qun sn kaevlnrtn ne tl, y fa clsca
ns klnrta
kae nf hduh khrdhih qun lednrlrès ne fhs sldulnetns prèktlkhs.
Netaekns, hetns in kacnezhr, enknslthrè
enknslthrè ue vhsa in hduh. [l nsths
ghklneia nsta
 prhktlkhr ne tlncpa
tlncpa rnhf, funda
funda injhr nf flmra,
flmra, paenr ue pak
pakaa in hduh ne
ue vhsa y
rndrnsn h fhs lestrukklaens h kaetleuhklûe. Ea tn prnakupns par quì tlpa
in vlirla a
kuèeth hduh ghy ne nffh. Ea enknslth eledúe tlpa in kaph cèdlkh y ue
sarma in
nf hduh `ueklaehrè the mlne kaca ue kuhrta in dhfûe. Fa rnfnvhetn hquã
ns fh khflihi in
nenrdãh qun paens ne fh prèktlkh.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿
 KH]DHEIA [^ HD^H

8. [astnedh nf vhsa in hduh ne su rndhza a chetìedhfa ne ueh cnsh

`rnetn h
tú. [astnefa netrn hcmhs cheas, kae fhs phfchs
p hfchs rainèeiafa. Klnrrh tu
ajas
Rhdn 890
=. ]nfèjhtn fa cnjar qun punihs. Injh qun fh tneslûe hmheiaen tu kunrpa
suhvncnetn, y safa
nsthr prnsnetn ne fa qun suknin h tu hfrniniar y inetra in tl. [lnetn nf
 plsa
inmhja in tus plns, tu raph kaetrh tu plnf y fh tnxturh in
Nf vhsa ne tus cheas. [l surdn hfdúe pneshclneta a lequlntui, ea ns
ue drhe pramfnch: slcpfncnetn iìjhfas lr y injh qun fh kghrfh cnethf
cunrh
hmhja ehturhfcnetn.
;. ^eh vnz cès, vhcas h ghknr ueh `arch hmrnvlhih inf Cnila
Rlfhr in prèktlkh. Plsuhflzh fhs ns`nrhs in fuz ne tu hurh hflenhihs kaca
ue cajûe mrlffhetn ne fh clthi in tu kunrpa insin fh phrtn supnrlar in tu
khmnzh
h tus plns: fh ns`nrh mfhekh kaca nf krlsthf ne tu karaeh, nf drls pnrfh
armn ne tu dhrdheth, fh ns`nrh iarhih knrkh in tu karhzûe, fh púrpurh
ne tu pnfvls y fh ns`nrh endrh qun rainh tus plns.
9. Hgarh vnh nf rhya in fuz qun htrhvlnsh nsths ns`nrhs. [n nxtlnein
ghklh hrrlmh h trhvìs in fh phrtn supnrlar in tu khmnzh y tn hekfh ne nf
ilstheklh lcpaslmfn h fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe. Ns le`lelthcnetn
fuz mrlffhetn ne fh phrtn supnrlar inf uelvnrsa: fh `unetn in taih fh nenrdãh
in iaein surdlû taia y h fa qun nvnetuhfcnetn taia
invafuklaens. Fh fuz ea tlnen prleklpla
p rleklpla el `le, ns lflclthih. \
nstès kaenkthia h ìf par fh phjh in fuz qun insklnein h tu
khmnzh y hmhja h trhvìs inf knetra in tu kunrpa.
>. Hgarh vnh nf ghz in fuz cavlìeiasn inmhja in ustni, ghklh hmhja h
trhvìs inf
 phrtn le`nrlar
le`nrlar in fas plns y sn nxtlnein ghklh
ghklh nf knetra in fh tlnrrh. Nsa
sn kaenkth kae fh Chirn Ehturhfnzh: fh ns`nrh vnrin dldhetn in nenrdãh
ne nf letnrlar 
Nf eúkfna in eunstra pfhenth. Yaia ne fh Ylnrrh: fas gnfnkgas, fas èrmafns,
nf
fas dhtas, fas gaedas n lekfusa tú y ya, amtnencas su `unrzh vlthf in
Nsth ns`nrh in nenrdãh.
 0. Nstès kaenkthia h hcmhs `unetns par fh fuz qun sn cunvn
h trhvìs inf knetra in tu kunrpa. Insin hrrlmh, kgl inf klnfa? in

hmhja, kgl in fh tlnrrh. Fh fuz in nsths ias `unetns sn cnzkfh ne nf

ns`nrh iarhih ne tu pnkga.
4. Knetrh tu htneklûe ne nsh ns`nrh iarhih. Lchdleh qun tu
Rhdn 894

fh
[afkaeklneklh rnslin
hf cnilaiãh. hffã, ne nsn
Plsuhfãknfa armnuequn
kaca plntlnen ue kafar samrn
in ilècntra, cuy phrnklia
nf hf
thchøa in ueh mafh in maflkgn, justa ne nf knetra in su pnkga.
7. Funda, ne`akh tu htneklûe ne fh fuz mfhekh samrn tl. Leghfh y
clrh fh fuz qun sn inrrhch par nstn khehf, par fh phjh,
vlhjheia insin fh klch inf uelvnrsa ghsth tu
khmnzh, h trhvìs in tu dhrdheth, y ghklh fh fuz iarhih knrkh in tu
karhzûe.
<. Hgarh ne`akh tu htneklûe ne fh ns`nrh vnrin in nenrdãh inmhja in
tl. Leghfhr 
y shkhr fh fuz vnrin insin nf knetra in fh tlnrrh, h trhvìs in
fhs khphs inf pfhenth, hrrlmh ne tus plns, cavlìeiasn cès hfta h trhvìs in
sus plnrehs y inetra in su pnfvls, nfnvèeiasn h trhvìs in su hmiacne, y
nvnetuhfcnetn ne fh ns`nrh iarhih ne nf cnila in tu pnkga.
82. Plsuhflzh fh ns`nrh mrlffhetn in kafar iarhia. Fh fuz mfhekh inf klnfa
netrh insin hrrlmh, y fh fuz vnrin in fh Ylnrrh sn nfnvh insin
hmhja. Khih vnz qun leghfns hgarh, vlsuhflzh qun nf armn iarhia
 mrlffh cès h cnilih qun htrhn
htrhn cès y cès kgl
kgl insin hrrlmh
hrrlmh y
hmhja. Fhs ias karrlnetns sn cnzkfhe, sn vunfvne cès painrashs y
nqulflmrhia in fa qun ns par sã clsca.
88. Clnetrhs nxghfhs, amsnrvh qun fh fuz shfn inf knetra in nenrdãh ne tu
 pnkga y
cuìvntn h tus mrhzas. H phrtlr in hgã, fh fuz vlhjh h trhvìs in su
 mrhzas, h trhvìs
trhvìs in tus cheas,
cheas, y ne nf vhsa in hduh nrns
 phrtlklphklûe.
8=. Clrh kaca nf hduh sn shturh kae nsh fuz iarhih. fas
Fh nenrdãh kaetleúh netrheia ne nf hduh h cnilih qun mrlffh cès y cès.
8;. ]nplth nstn praknsa. ]nkaclneia netrn trns y ilnz
vnkns. Leghfn, nxtrhldh fh nenrdãh inf klnfa y fh tlnrrh. Nxghfh y
cunvn fh fuz iarhih hf hduh. Ghdh nsta ghsth qun slneth qun
Nf hduh nstè kacpfnthcnetn lcprndehih kae kgl.
897 in 887<.
Hgarh, ne nf elvnf `ãslka in fh rnhflihi, nstès sastnelneia ue vhsa in
hduh. [le ncmhrda,
ne nf pfhea nenrdìtlka, nstès sastnelneia ue rnklplnetn ffnea in kgl
  pura. Nsta ns ue

ghzhøh lekrnãmfn, pnra ns safa nf prlcnr phsa in ueh prèktlkh cès

drhein. Yu hduh ns hgarh
flsta phrh rnklmlr ueh letneklûe tuyh: ue pradrhch, par hsã
inklrfa. Lchdleh nsa
nf uelvnrsa hktúh kaca ueh kacputhiarh: njnkuthrè taia tlpa in sa`twhrn
ysusknptlmfn
ns in pradrhchklûe.
pradrhchklûe. Netaekns nsa ns fa qun vhs h ghknr h
kaetleuhklûe: pradrhchr nsta
vhsa in hduh hfthcnetn nenrdlzhia phrh rnhflzhr ueh `ueklûe nspnkã`lkh,
kacuelkheia
tus insnas h trhvìs in nsth fuz ilvleh.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

R]AD]HCH] [^ HD^H
8. Kaekìetrnsn ne nf krlsthf ne fh chea. Cãrhfa ffnea in aara
ra mrlffhetn
fldnra.
=. Leghfh. Clrh kaca nf hduh sn vunfvn cès y cès mrlffhetn, fh fuz
 mrlffheia the `unrtn
`unrtn kaca punihs vlvlsuhflzhrfa.
suhflzhrfa. Khih vnz qun leghfhs,
Fh nenrdãh vlhjh h trhvìs in tl y inetra inf krlsthf.
;. Hgarh
atrh phrtn,nstúnf cacneta in lesnrthr su pradrhch. Yhf kaca gn ilkga ne
 punin lcmulr nf hduh kae khsl kuhfqulnr
kuhfqulnr insna qun insnn, phrh cnjar 
cnjar 
shfui, phrh chyar pratnkklûe, phrh chyar praspnrlihi, phrh chyar 
 phklneklh, phrh
phrh cès hcar a hcldas,
hcldas, pnra par nf mlne in nstn
nstn njnrklkla,
knetrìcaeas ne nf clsca insna qun ushcas kae fh Krnhklûe in ue
Rrèktlkh in `arch in pneshclneta. Rradrhcncas nf hduh phrh mrleihrtn
chyar 
Inshrraffa nsplrltuhf
nsplrltuhf y arlnethklûe. Nstn
N stn ns ue pradrhch ne fãenh kae
fhs cès hfths prèktlkhs in fh chdlh: pnilrfn h fh chdlh qun sn kaevlnrth ne
tu
chnstra y tncès
cès `unrtn, ffnvhrè h iaein
shmla enknslthsprhktlkhetn
y cès n`nktlva lr phrh kaevnrtlrtn
in chdlh.ne Hf
ue lduhf qun
 hetns, nf pradrhch ilkn hfda kaca nsta: "Xun fh fuz pratnjh,

dulhrcn n lfuclehrcn ne cl vlhjn par fh vlih y ne nf khclea

in hfth chdlh ". Kae nsth letneklûe, fh fuz - a, cès mlne, fh
ilvlelihi qun rnprnsneth, tn lelklhrè.
9. Leghfn, vnh nf hucneta in fh fuz ne nf mrlffa eunvhcnetn, y
sastnedh. Hgarh il
Rhdn 89<
fhs phfhmrhs qun lesnrthrèe tu pradrhch, tu letneklûe.
>. Hetns in mnmnr nf hduh, leghfn eunvhcnetn. Nf hduh krnkn lekfusa
cès mrlffhetn Hgarh sastnedh n le`ueih fh fuz kae fh phfhmrh
shdrhih, \nsguh .
]nkarincas qun hf ghknrfa, nstès mneilklneia nf hduh kae Krlsta
kaeklneklh hsã kaca kae nf painr in fas kuhtra nfncnetas. Kuheia
ilkns fh phfhmrh shdrhih, vlsuhflzhs qun nf hduh vlmrh kae su
Lekrnãmfn painr.
0. Fa qun tlnens ne tus cheas ea ns slcpfncnetn tu praplh nenrdãh. Ns N s nf
nenrdãh nxtrhãih ilrnkthcnetn
ilrnkthcnetn in fh `unetn in taih fh krnhklûe, hsã kaca
fh
 painr in punsth h tlnrrh in fh Chirn
Chirn Ehturhfnzh.
Ehturhfnzh. Fh fuz ne nf krlsthf
krlsthf gh
slia
nspnkã`lkhcnetn
nspnkã`lkhcn etn pradrhchia y mneinklia. Chetìe fas ajas knrrhias,
fnvheth
nf vhsa h tu makh, y mìmnfa.
4. Amsnrvh kûca taih fh fuz iarhih sn cunvn ghklh tu kunrpa clnetrhs fh
trhdhs. Nsa
sn nxtlnein h khih phrtn in tu kunrpa: tu khmnzh, gacmras, nsphfih,
 pnkga, vlnetrn,
vlnetrn, dfútnas, pnfvl
pnfvls,
s, cusfas, rrailffhs,
ailffhs, nsplelffhs,
nsplelffhs, phetarrlffhs
phetarrlffhs y
 plns. ]nfaj
h cnilih qun vh par taihs phrtns, lekfusa ne fas fudhrns iaein
earchfcnetn ea nstès
kaesklnetn in. (Rar hfdueh rhzûe, ns kacúe qun fhs pnrsaehs afvline
su "phrtn trhsnrh" - ea safa su trhsnra, slea thcmlìe fh eukh,
 plnrehs y plns).
plns). Yaia tu kunrpa mrlffh
mrlffh cès y cès.
cès. Khih
 phrtn in tl nstè
nstè lcprndehih inin fuz ilvleh. [lnetn kac
kacaa sn cunvn ghklh
ghklh tu
gunsas, cúskufas y ûrdheas. Plhjh h tus ajas, tus ilnetns, tus
fneduh, khmnffa, uøhs in fas plns, uøhs, ne taihs phrtns. Nrns ue
rnspfheiar 
]nprnsnethklûe
]nprnsnethkl ûe `ãslkh in fa Ilvlea. [l punins, vlsuhflzh qun nf
fh fuz pnentrh ne tus kìfufhs, ghklneia qun tus cafìkufhs snhe cès
 mrlffhetns.
 [us ètacas, phrtãkufhs sumhtûclkhs, sus quhros: taia ns
 mrlffhetn. Kaetleúh
Kaetleúh vlsuhflzheia
vlsuhflzheia taia nsta fa cnjar
cnjar qun punihs ghsth
ghsth qun

snetlrsn shturhia par fh fuz iarhih. Yûchtn taia nf tlncpa qun eenknsltns.
nknsltns.
7. Inspuìs in ue tlncpa, injh qun fhs lcèdnens cnethfns kaclnekne h
insvhenknrsn. Hpfhuin
cheas y pnrcltlr qun fh vlsuhflzhklûe injn in prnsthr htneklûe
fnethcnetn, pnra
[ì
sl tnqun fh nenrdãh
ne`akhs a ea sldun
ne nsa.hgã. Yaihvãh
Kuheia nsthnstès gnkgatnrclen
prèktlkh in nsthyfuz
tn vhyhs
samrn tu iãh, nsth fuz kaetleuhrè mneilklìeiatn y trhmhjheia
Rhdn 8>2
in hkunria kae fh letneklûe qun fn ilstn.
<. Hmrh fnethcnetn fas ajas. Injn qun
q un fas inthffns in fh prèktlkh
p rèktlkh sn
insvhenzkhe in su
lcparth y ilrldn tu ne`aqun ueh vnz cès h tu netarea. ]aihr 
tu khmnzh samrn tus gacmras ue paka, clrh hfrniniar in fh ghmlthklûe,
cunvn
tus inias y slnetn fhs ilstleths phrtns in tu kunrpa fa cnjar qun punihs.
Yûcnsn taia nf tlncpa qun enknsltn phrh ghknr nsth trheslklûe.
^eh vnz qun sn rnarlneth hf pfhea `ãslka, yh ea tlnen qun pneshr ne
nsth prèktlkh a fh chdlh qun ghs pracufdhia. Nstay rnpltlneia nsta hquã
 parqun ya
qulnra hsndurhrcn in qun netlneins kuèe kruklhf ns nsth phrtn. Ghdhs fa
qun ghdhs y
iaein qulnrh qun vhyhs, tu chdlh nstè `ueklaeheia. Ea tn snrvlrè sndulr
 pnesheia
hf rnspnkta, phrh sndulr htrhyneia fh letneklûe ghklh tl y kaetrhrrnsthr
taia fa il`ãklf
trhmhja qun ghs gnkga. Kae nf tlncpa, tneirè `n ne qun fh chdlh nstè
ghklneia su trhmhja y
qun yh ea rnqulnrn tu supnrvlslûe a ilrnkklûe. [lcpfncnetn ils`ruth fas
`rutas in
tu prèktlkh y kacpracìtntn h hprneinr y rnhflzhr cès chdlh.
Hilvlehklûe: ^sheia nf Yhrat Yaia fa qun ilda
h kaetleuhklûe
samrn fh trhes`archklûe in ueh mhrhjh in
Yhrat ne ueh fhth in thflscèe
snr hpflkhia h kuhfqulnr `arch in hilvlehklûe
qun kaeazkhs
 

kae: vnrslaens in ruen-khstled, nf L Kgled,

fnkturh
gajhs in tì a kh`ì caflia, fh `ueilklûe in fatns.
Fh hilvlehklûe ne vhrlhs `archs gh nxlstlia
iurhetn
clfnelas, y fas chdas ghe nsthia rn`leheia nf
hrtn
insin fas hfmarns in fh guchelihi. Hfdueas
kaeslinrhe nstn hrtn
cnrh supnrstlklûe, pnra kuheia fa ghkns,
fh hilvlehklûe ns slcpfncnetn nf hkta in
ne`akhrsn
prndueth anepramfnch
ue phrtlkufhr
y nxpfarhr fhs rnspunsths
qun
pairãh vnelr h easatras `unrh in fas fãcltns in
fas eunstras
kaeklneklh katlilheh Fh chdlh y fh hilvlehklûe
vhe
Rhdn 8>8

chea h chea. Kuheia paencas fh nenrdãh

enknshrlh ne
hilvlehklûe, nsneklhfcnetn nsthcas
phrtlklpheia ne ueh chdlh
hktuhr, y sl paencas su`lklnetn nenrdãh
ne`akhih ne nf
praknsa, fhs rnspunsths sn chel`nsthrèe kaca
kae kuhfqulnr kash
 kae
cèskuhfqulnr kash
phrh fa kuhf rnhflzhcas chdlh.

Fh chyarãh in fh dnetn nstè in hkunria ne qun nf Yhrat tlnen sus arãdnens

kaca ue phquntn in ehlpns
utlflzhia yh ne nf sldfa WP NK, y qun ea `un hcpflhcnetn utlflzhia
utlflzhia phrh
khrtacheklh (hilvlehklûe
(hilvlehklûe usheia ueh mhrhjh in khrths) ghsth ue phr in
klnetas in høas
funda.
cukga[lecèsncmhrda,
hetlduh. hfduehs pnrsaehs h`lrche qun fh prèktlkh
p rèktlkh ns cukga,
a qun `un trhãia h Nuraph par fas racheãns in fh Leilh, a lekfusa qun
arldleû nesnøhezhs snkrnths kail`lkhihs par fas hetlduas shknriatns in
Ndlpta. Ea lcparth
Ne sus lelklas, nf Yhrat tlnen ueh fhrdh hsaklhklûe kae fh hilvlehklûe, y
ffndû h
Fas `ueihiarns in fh Arine Gnrcìtlkh inf Hchenknr Iarhia h trhvìs in
ue ]ashkruz
 pra`nsar. Nf Yhrat sn glza hcpflhcnetn
hcpflhcnetn utlflzhia
utlflzhia par fas clncmras
clncmras in fh
Arine, cukgas in fas kuhfns
 phsû h krnhr cìtaia
Nf sldulnetn chzas pnrsaehflzhias
chzas pnrsaehflz
phrh krnhrhias qun taihvãh
ue thflscèe in tuns
nstèe
tèe neinusa
chza gayvlnen
Yhrat ne iãh.
iãh.
in fhs prèktlkhs in fh Arine. ]nkaclneia pramhr nstn nsqunch slcpfn
 phrh ue
clnetrhs, sl nstès letnrnshia, y funda levneths tu praplh `arch in khrdhr 
tu chza

R]ÈKYLKH ¿

KH]DHEIA Y^ K^MLN]YH IN YH]AY

Hetns in kacnezhr ueh fnkturh inf Yhrat, fas clncmras in fh Arine
Gnrcìtlkh in fas Iarhias
Ihwe nvakhrãh ue èednf nspnkã`lka phrh hyuih. Ne fas iakucnetas qun
tlnene
samrnvlvlia, nf èednf inf Yhrat ns cneklaehia safa par fhs lelklhfns
G]^.
Nf kaeaklclneta in fa qun rnprnsnethe nshs lelklhfns phrtlkufh
phrtlkufhrns
rns sn gh
 pnrilia ne fh glstarlh,
glstarlh, pnra
ea enknslths shmnr inthffns samrn nstn èednf phrh nvakhrfas.

8. Kafaqun sus thrjnths samrn fh supnr`lkln in su prn`nrneklh. [lìethtn

 `rnetn h nffas, rnfèjhtn y klnrrh fas ajas.

=. Lchdlen qun ueh `ldurh gnkgh in fuz mfhekh mrlffhetn nstè phrhih hf
fhia in tus khrths Ea enknshrlhcnetn enknslth kaeknetrhrsn
kaeknetrhrsn ne fas
inthffns in sus
Rèdleh 8>=

hphrlneklh,
hyuihrtn. pnra shmns qun fh prnsneklh ns hednflkhf y nstè hgã phrh
;. Leghfh. Clrh kûca nf èednf sn vunfvn cès y cès mrlffhetn kae khih
rnsplrhklûe.
9. Nxghfh y vlmrh nf eacmrn inf èednf, G]^  (gnnraa).
 (gnnraa). ]npltn nf
eacmrh theths vnkns kaca qulnrhs clnetrhs tn ne`akhs ne fh
vlsuhflzhklûe
y amtnelneia theth nenrdãh kaca snh enknshrla.
>. Kuheia slneth qun nf elvnf in nenrdãh ns su`lklnetn phrh su prapûslta,
rnplth fa sldulnetn, ilrldlìeiasn hf èednf clnetrhs fa ghkn: "Xun tu
 painr, mneilklûe y `hvar insklneine
insklneine samrn nsth kuml
kumlnrth
nrth phrh qun ya
 punih
netneinr kashs qun sae vnrihinrhs y akufths ".
0. Hpfhuih y rnhflkn su fnkturh inf Yhrat kaca ustni
earchfcnetn fa ghrãh.
Kaca iljn, punins ushr nsth prèktlkh phrh kuhfqulnr `arch in
hilvlehklûe, pnra G]^ ns
nspnkã`lkhcnetn
nspnkã`lkhcn etn hsaklhia kae nf Yhrat. Yhcmlìe inmnrãh inklr qun ea
tlnens qun
usn kuhfqulnr slstnch in hilvlehklûe `archf? fh chdlh húe praparklaehrè
ueh rnspunsth. Nsn
fh rnspunsth safa vneirè ne ueh `arch úelkh y `hclflhr phrh ustni, y
inpnein in
qun prnstns htneklûe y hprneihs h fnnr fhs snøhfns. Rar njncpfa, Farrl
ffhch
vhrlas èednfns kuheia qulnrn ueh rnspunsth h ueh prndueth ne
 phrtlkufhr. Rhrh nffh, "sã"
Fhs rnspunsths vlnene ne `arch in pfuchs. Nffh kacnezhrè h nekaetrhr
 pfuchs ne taihs
taihs phrtns:
ne fh hf`acmrh in fh shfh in nsthr, ne fhs hknrhs in eunstra vnkleihrla, ne
fhs nskhfnrhs qun
kaeiuklr ghklh nf cntra.
Ne atrhs phfhmrhs, fh hilvlehklûe punin snr the slcpfn kaca ghknr ueh
 prndueth y clrhr 
clrhr 
 phrh qun fhs rnspunsths
rnspunsths sn ch
chel`lnstne
el`lnstne ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf.
chtnrlhf. Klnrthcnetn
 ea tlnens qun tnenr 

gh slia ue fnktar pra`nslaehf in Yhrat iurhetn iìkhihs, y ea

enknshrlhcnetn
enknshrlhcn etn tlnen qun
q un
kaevakh èednfns phrh qun tn hyuine. Rnra par fa qun vhfn, pnilr hfdúe
tlpa in
Fh arlnethklûe y fh phrtlklphklûe ne hfdúe tlpa in knrncaelh kaesklnetn
safa punine hyuihr.
Rhdn 8>;

A
84
MNEILKLAEN[ IN KACLIH[
^eh `arch in vnr fh chdlh ns vnrfh kaca nf hrtn in ihr `arch h fa
ilvlea.
nenrdãh. Kuheta cès hprneins samrn fh chdlh, cès tn inilkhs h nffh,
y kuheta cès trhmhjns kae nenrdãh ilvleh, cès tn trhes`archrè.
Kacnezhrè h shturhrtn y h sletaelzhr tu `rnkuneklh vlmrhtarlh. \ kuheta
chs tu
Ne nstn praknsa, kuheta cès painrash sn vunfvn tu chdlh. Ne ue
klnrta pueta, ilrldlr fh nenrdãh ilvleh hf cueia qun tn rainh sn kaevlnrtn
ne sndueia
ehturhfnzh.
vafuethi. Kuheia nsa suknih, punin a`rnknr mneilklaens patnetns h
Yheta drheins kaca pnqunøas. [l tn ghs kacpracntlia kae fhs prèktlkhs
sndúe fa prnskrlta
ne nstn flmra, thf vnz yh ffndhstn h nstn pueta.
Xulnra tnrclehr nsth snkklûe inf flmra kae ueh prèktlkh slcpfn qun
 punins ghknr phrh
phrh
khsl kuhfqulnr kash, pnra phrh eunstras prapûsltas hquã fa prnsneta kaca
ueh mneilklûe in kaclih.
\h nstès `hclflhrlzhia kae fhs tìkelkhs levafukrhihs ne nstn tlpa in
 mneilklûe:
nxtrhyneia
hsã qun nenrdãh inf uelvnrsa y rhstrnheia pnethdrhchs levakhiarns,
 chetnefa karta y iufkn.

R]ÈKYLKH ¿ ^EH MNEILKLÛE IN

KACLIH[
8. Clnetrhs tn slneths kae tu kaclih `rnetn h tl, tach ue cacneta in
slfnekla phrh
rnfèjhtn
=. y kaekìetrhtn.
 Leghfh. Hf rnsplrhr, trhldh nenrdãh inf uelvnrsa ne nf
`arch in fuz mfhekh Plsuhfãzhfa netrheia ne tu kunrpa, phsheia
h trhvìs in tu tarsa, cavlìeiatn ghklh tus plnrehs y shflneia par fhs
 pfheths in tus
tus
 plns H phrtlr in hgã, fh fuz
fuz sn cunvn ghklh
ghklh fh tlnrrh, ffneheia taia
 pfhenth kae fuz mfhekh
Rhdn 8>9
;. Fh fuz vunfvn h su kunrpa insin fh tlnrrh. Plhjh in rndrnsa
h trhvìs in fhs plnrehs, inetra in fh pnfvls y nf pnkga, mhjheia par fas
 mrhzas y
ne tu chea inrnkgh, qun hgarh `arch fh nsphih cuirh.
9. Kae fas inias ãeilkn y cnila, trhkn ue pnethdrhch in levakhklûe
samrn
tu kaclih. Pnh nf sãcmafa kaca sl nstuvlnrh gnkga in ffhch hzuf.
>. Leghfh in eunva y amsnrvh kûca fh tlnrrh inmhja in tl sn ffneh in fuz
kaca
hetns in. ^eh vnz cès, fh fuz sn prnklplth ghklh tu kunrpa y shfn ghklh tu
chea inrnkgh. Hgarh kafaqun fas ias inias nxtneilias ne nf cnila inf
 pnethdrhch y vnrfa
vnrfa mrlffhr húe
húe cès qun hetns.
hetns.
0. Hgarh tu kaclih ns mneinklih. Ils`rúthfa shmlneia qun ea nrns safa
kaesuclneia kaclih ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf, pnra kaca nenrdãh ilvleh
clsch.
Fhs hpflkhklaens phrh nstn tlpa in mneilklûe sae rnhfcnetn
le`lelths. Rruìmhfa fh prûxlch vnz
Nevãhs ue cneshjn in tnxta lcparthetn. Nskrlmh fhs phfhmrhs qun insnh
nevlhr, rhstrnn nf
levakheia pnethdrhch samrn su tnfì`aea, y funda prnslaen
"nevlhr". Lekfusa punins mneinklr 
ilmujheia ue pnethdrhch in nsth chenrh samrn su rn`fnja ne ue nspnja.
Ne kacphrhklûe kae hfduehs in fhs prèktlkhs qun gh rnhflzhia
hetnrlarcnetn,, nsth sn snetlrè
hetnrlarcnetn
nedhøashcnetn slcpfn, pnra safa `ueklaeh parqun nstès cuy
`hclflhrlzhia
`hclflhrlzhia kae nf
 `ueihcnetas Ne nsth nthph in tu vlhjn, tus mneilklaens tneirèe cukga
cès.

 pnsa y patneklh in fa qun ghmrãhe tnelia

tnelia hetns in kac
kacnezhr.
nezhr. Ne nsn
snetlia,
`nflklthklaens
`nflklthklaens nstèe ne arine (y paslmfncnetn cès phstnfns y knrvnzh).
8>> in 887<.
Yhflscèe inf Hrkèednf Pnrkglnf

Rhdn 8>0

RH]YN P
RNE[HCLNEYA[ @LEHFN[
Rhdn 8>4

ya
87 høas
LCRFNCNEYA[ CÈDLKA[
ea gn hmarihia fh phrh`nrehflh cèdlkh ghsth nstn cacneta parqun ea fa
glkn
qulnra qun tn ilstrhldhs in hprneinr fhs tìkelkhs mèslkhs y tn kaevlnrths
kacpfnthcnetn `hclflhrlzhia
`hclflhrlzhia kae fhs prèktlkhs `ueihcnethfns in fh hfth
chdlh. Nsafasealcpfncnetas
inklr qun ns phrh ea sae lcparthetns. Hfdueas chdas vhfarhe
cukga nf
usa in phrh`nrehflh? fns hyuih h ne`akhrsn y hfkhezhr ue nsthia linhf in
kaeknetrhklûe. Fh flsth in taias fas il`nrnetns tlpas in lcpfncnetas
cèdlkas y
sus hpflkhklaens sae inchslhia fhrdhs phrh kacpfnthrfhs hquã, pnra nsta
tn ihrè ueh hpraxlchklûe
linh: • vhrlths gnkghs in ueh chinrh phrtlkufhr phrh cnjarhr klnrth chdlh
 praplnihins • vhrlths thffhihs h chea iurhetn `hsns nspnkã`lkhs in fh fueh
• kèflkns in cnthfns phrtlkufhrns • vnfhs in vhrlas kafarns • leklnesa
 phrh pracavnr vhrlas kae kfhrlihi • glnrmhs
vhrlas nsthias in èelca y hyuihr kae
 nspnkã`lkhs  krlsthfns phrh

cnjarhr nf hurh in uea • plnirhs y dnchs in taia tlpa • gunsas, chinrh,

 pfheths
`lmrhs y atras nfncnetas earchfcnetn hsaklhias kae fh chdlh ehturhf Ea
ghy ehih
chf kae ncpfnhr kuhfqulnrh in nsths gnrrhclneths ne tu chdlh. H
cneuia
ya clscafasparqun
usa khih vnz qun ushcas ue lcpfncneta, cnjarh fh khrdh
in ue
chrkh phrtlkufhr in nenrdãh ne nsn hrtãkufa. Kuheia `ul flmnrhia in fh
 prlslûe, kacnekì
kacnekì
usheia vhrlths (qun nrh cukga cès il`ãklf in ghknr ne nf karrniar in fh
cunrtn, kaca punins lchdlehr),
y ghy uea qun ncpfna safa kuheia rnhflza nf ]ltuhf in Instnrra Cnear 
inf pnethdrhch. Kae khih rnpntlklûe inf FM]R, fh nenrdãh qun ilrlja h
trhvìs in
fh vhrlth sn hkucufh ue paka cès y, h cnilih qun phsh nf tlncpa, fh
vhrlth sn vunfvn
khih vnz cès painrasa Nvnetuhfcnetn, snrè ue hrtn`hkta khphz in
trncneih chdlh
 Ea kacnths nf nrrar
nrrar in pneshr qun enknslths chdlh
 mlnens phrh`nrehfns.
phrh`nrehfns.
^ea in cls chnstras prhktlkh fa qun sn ffhch chdlh in "khas", ueh drhe
`arch leilvliuhflsth in chdlh qun hpravnkgh taia tlpa in slstnchs in
krnneklhs y
Rhdn 8>7
tnkeafadãh cainreh. Ìf ush ue kukglffa ne phrtlkufhr phrh sus prèktlkhs

in instlnrra.
ìf, par ns ue amjnta shdrhia, y euekh fa ush phrh atrh kash
nstn kukglffa
(kaca
karthr vnriurhs ne nf pfhea `ãslka) el pnrcltn qun ehiln cès taqun
nf kukglffa. Kae fas høas, nsth gnrrhclneth gh hkucufhia ueh khrdh
sustheklhf, kaca
qun lekfusa hpuethrfa h su kunrpa praiukn ueh sneshklûe in garclduna
hmruchiar.
Kuheia hpflkh nf kukglffa h su chdlh instnrrhiarh, taia fa qun enknslth
ghknr ns slcpfncnetn
hpuetn ne ueh ilrnkklûe intnrclehih y nf `hktar ea insnhia sn rnpnfn.
Nsta ns taia phrh inklr qun sl ue intnrclehia
i ntnrclehia lcpfncneta
lcpfncneta fa ffhch, sn
slnetn mlne a hyuih
 ustni in hfdueh chenrh, funda, par supunsta, úsnfa ne su chdlh. Rnra ea
ghdhs nf

nrrar in pneshr qun enknslths phrh`nrehflh cèdlkh. ^stni ea gn hprneilia

nsa ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn, kuheia ea sn cn pnrcltãh kacprhr ne
fãenh vhrlths gnkghs in
fhs knelzhs cès `lehs, phrh lr h fh tlneih Enw Hdn h kacprhr leklnesa in
sèeihfa, a phrh prnphrhr 
ue kaejueta in krlsthfns phrh samrnkhrdhr cl hurh. Hfdueas in fas cès
lcparthetns
fas rltuhfns ne taih cl vlih sn rnhflzhrae sle nf usa in ueh safh
gnrrhclneth parqun ya
ea tneãh cès qun fh nenrdãh qun puin nxtrhnr inf uelvnrsa qun cn
rainhmh.
Fas lcpfncnetas cèdlkas punine cuy mlne hyuihrtn, pnra klnrthcnetn
ea fa sae
rnqunrlia phrh prhktlkhr chdlh, y ya say ueh prunmh vlvlnetn in
nsa. Kaca leilquì hetnrlarcnetn,
klnrtas hrtãkufas punine hiqulrlr khrdh, pnra fh chdlh ea rnslin ne nsas
amjntas?
vlvn ne tl \ nsa sldel`lkh qun yh tlnens taia fa qun enknslths.
Hsã qun ea ghy ehih in chfa ne ushr hkknsarlas? slcpfncnetn ea qulnrns
kaevnrtlrtn
inpnein inchslhia in nffas a khn ne fh krnneklh nrrûenh in qun sae
enknshrlas
 phrh qun akurrh
akurrh fh chdlh. ±Xuì phsh
phsh sl tn nekunetr
nekunetrhs
hs ne ueh sltuhklûe
sltuhklûe
drhvn y enknslths
rnhflzhr chdlh justa ne nf cacneta1 [l nrns inchslhia inpneilnetn in tu
 phrtlkufhr 
kèflz a túelkh a vnfh y ea fas tnedh kae ustni kuheia ffndun nf cacneta,
tu chdlhinf
lcpufsa su`rlrè kaca sle
cacneta rnsufthia. Enknslths
inpneinr in atrh painr rnhflzhr
kash qun ea snhchdlh
ustnine
y nf
nenrdãh h tu hfrniniar.
Nsa levlth h ueh prndueth amvlh: sl ea sae enknshrlas, ±par quì ushr
chdlkohf1
lcpfncnetas ne hmsafuta1 Munea, phrh ncpnzhr, gn ihia fh rhzûe
 prleklphf hetnrlar:
hetnrlar:
h il`nrneklh in fas nfncnetas qun ushcas ghmltuhfcnetn kaca
gnrrhclneths ne nf pfhea `ãslka (kukglffas, slnrrhs, hutacûvlfns,
ntk.), fas lcpfncnetas cèdlkas dhehe patneklh y cnjarhe kae nf
usa. Kuheia ustni
Ncpfnhr ue amjnta ihia phrh ue klnrta tlpa in chdlh, kae nf tlncpa
rnkadn nenrdãh
 y cnjarh nsh chdlh. Hincès, ne fhs prlcnrhs nthphs in su vlhjn, hfdueas

h fhs pnrsaehs fns rnsufth cès `èklf rnhflzhr chdlh sl tlnene ue amjnta
`ãslka phrh ne`akhr 
su htneklûe ne [l nrns ueh in nsths pnrsaehs, nstè mlne. Runins vafvnrtn
the
`hclflhrlzhia
`hclflhrlzhia kae ueh gnrrhclneth qun slcpfncnetn rnkadnrfa fa hyuihrè
hinhfkhezhr ue nsthia
kaeklneklh hftnrhia
qun kaeiukn h fh chdlh. [l ush klnrta lcpfncneta
Rhdn 8><
khih vnz qun rnhflzhs ue rltuhf a hkta cèdlka nspnkã`lka, tu
sumkaesklnetn
fh cnetn rèplihcnetn nqulphrh fh gnrrhclneth kae nsn hkta ne phrtlkufhr,
p hrtlkufhr,
y nsa punin hyuihr 
Fas prleklplhetns ne`rnethe il`lkufthins in kaeknetrhklûe.
@lehfcnetn, hfduehs pnrsaehs (lekfulia ya clsca) slcpfncnetn hiarhe
kafnkklaehr chdlh
lcpfncneth par eledueh atrh rhzûe qun fns ih pfhknr ghknrfa. Yneda ue
khetlihi in gnrcashs vhrlths thffhihs
thffhihs h chea? Fas gn hiqulrlia kae nf
tlncpa ne nf
In fh clsch chenrh qun fh dnetn kafnkklaeh amrhs in hrtn. [lcpfncnetn
ils`ruta kûca sn vne: su
Fh nstìtlkh cnjarh cl vlih in hfdueh chenrh. Atras chdas tlnene sus
 praplas
vnrslaens in nsth prèktlkh, pnra eleduea in easatras fhs enknslth phrh
rnhflzhr chdlh.
]nkunrin slncprn: rnkafnkthr phrh`nrehflh cèdlkh nstè mlne, pnra nsa ea
ns fa qun tn ghkn ue chda [afa prhktlkh fh chdlh.
 

802 in 87<.

RHD[
8<
Kghchelsca ^rmhea
fhs pnrsaehs hdruphe taia tlpa in prèktlkhs leiãdnehs mhja nf
 phrhduhs inf kghchelsca , qun ns, par supunsta,
lenxhkta. Yìkelkhcnetn, nf kghchelsca
inskrlmn hfduehs in fhs prèktlkhs nsplrltuhfns ehtlvhs in [lmnrlh, pnra
ushcas nf tìrclea
hgarh phrh rn`nrlreas h taia tlpa in trhilklaens cèdlka-rnfldlashs
cèdlka-rnfldlashs ne taia
nf cueia, insin
Hustrhfhslh hf Rafa Eartn. Cl pueta hquã ea ns netrhr ne fa kufturhf
inmhtn in hpraplhklûe, pnra phrh hmarihr hfduehs in fhs `archs ne qun
fas hspnktas phrtlkufhrns
nf kghchelsca y fh chdlhinsn kruzhe. Netaekns, phrh snr kfhras, kuheia
nstay ghmfheia in
kghchelsca hquã, nstay usheia fh phfhmrh kaca ueh nspnkln in
thquldrh`ãh phrh rn`nrlrcn h uea in fas
 prlcnrhs `archs
`archs in chdlh prhktlkhihs
prhktlkhihs par fas
fas gucheas: trhmhjheia
trhmhjheia kae
fh nenrdãh in
Letnfldneklhs ilstleths in fhs hsaklhihs tãplkhcnetn kae pnrsaehs vlvhs:
kunrva,
kayatn, heknstras trlmhfns, hrkèednfns, nspãrltus pratnktarns y taia fa
incès.

Yaianstè
Yaia fa qun nxlstn
gnkga nstè gnkga
in nenrdãh, y taiain
fa fh
qunclsch sustheklh
nstè gnkga ilvleh.
in nenrdãh tlnen ue
 Yaianstè
Yaia fa qun nxlstn
gnkga nstè gnkga
in nenrdãh, y taiain
fa fh
qunclsch sustheklh
nstè gnkga ilvleh.
in nenrdãh tlnen ue

hurh. Kuheia fhs pnrsaehs ghmfhe in nspãrltus, dnenrhfcnetn

dnenrhfcnetn plneshe ne
snrns in atra cueia.
a phtraens nenrdìtlkas rnfhklaehias in hfdueh chenrh kae gucheas y
helchfns. Atrh `arch in
clrèeiafa ns qun fas nspãrltus sae hspnktas sutlfns in fhs hurhs, fa qun
sldel`lkh qun paincas
kacuelkhrsn kae khsl kuhfqulnr nspãrltu ne nf pfhea chtnrlhf phrh fadrhr
nf insnhia
khcmla.
Rhrh hfduehs kufturhs y ueh drhe khetlihi in pnrsaehs ne taia nf cueia,
ehturhf
Fas netareas sn kaeslinrhe cukga cès nsplrltuhfns qun fas netareas
urmheas. Hfdueas
fh dnetn plnesh qun fas masquns sae cès shdrhias qun fhs kluihins (fas
irulihs klnrthcnetn fa glklnrae), y
nsth mlne. Hf lduhf qun kae cl ilskuslûe samrn fas lcpfncnetas cèdlkas,
sl
fassnèrmafns
kaenkthy fas
kaenspãrltus qun ghmlthe ne fudhrns hfnjhias inf nstruneia
in fh drhe kluihi hyuihe
tu, nsa ns dnelhf [le ncmhrda, ns lcparthetn ea afvlihr euekh qun taia
ne
Fh nxlstneklh nstè gnkgh in fh clsch sustheklh ilvleh. [l krnns qun fh
chdlh punin
safa `farnknrè ne hrmafnihs hlsfhihs a phrquns prlvhias, tn fa pnrinrès,
 parqun fhs kluihins
kluihins
Rhdn 808
nstèe the ffneas in nenrdãh shdrhih. Fa qun qulnra trhescltlr hquã ns qun
sl tú
letnrhktuhr kae ue fudhr intnrclehia kaca sl `unrh letnfldnetn n
letnfldnetn, nekaetrhrè qun
rnspaeinrè ne kaesnkuneklh, y nsta ns vèflia sle lcparthr iûein sn
nekunetrn. ^stni punin
ush nstn prleklpla rndufhrcnetn ne tu vlih ilhrlh, lcmuyìeiatn
hphrnetncnetn cueihea
hkklaens kae chdlh: khclehr par fh khffn, tachr ue thxl a ledrnshr h ue
nil`lkla.
Plva ne fh kluihi in Eunvh \aro, uea in fas fudhrns cès pamfhias y
kaekurrlias inf
cueia. Rhrh hfdulne kaca ya, trhthr in kaevakhr fh hyuih y fh shmliurãh
 inf kayatn
y nf asa ea
e a `ueklaeh cuy mlne, n letnethr hpflkhr tìkelkhs kghcèelkhs

hsã tlnen paka n`nkta. [amrn taia, cl amjntlva ns qun cl chdlh snh
 prèktlkh, par fa qun
Fhs nenrdãhs kae fhs qun trhmhja inmne tnenr ueh kaenxlûe n lcphkta
eathmfns ne cl vlih ilhrlh
vlih. Fhs letnfldneklhs kae fhs qun cn kacuelka sae fas nspãrltus in fas
trnens ne nf
slstnch in cntra, fas èednfns qun prnsline fhs ilvnrshs khffns y hvnelihs,
y
Fh sneslmlflihi dnenrhf hsaklhih kae fh kluihi clsch. Kufturhs hetlduhs
hfrniniar inf
cueia (drlnda y tlmnthea, par eacmrhr safa ueh phrnjh) krnãh qun klnrtas
nspãrltus,
nenrdãhs a ilasns vldlfhmhe kluihins phrtlkufhrns n lekfusa gadhrns
leilvliuhfns ne
nsas fudhrns. Fh dnetn glza ue pueta phrh ghknr a`rneihs h nsths
inlihins: vnfhs,
leklnesa, caenihs, kaclih, ntk., y gn hiapthia nsth prèktlkh ne cl vlih
ne
 Eunvh \aro.
Gn inskumlnrta qun, hincès in fh kluihi ne su kaejueta, fas il`nrnetns
ilstrltas y
Fas mhrrlas tlnene nenrdãhs linetl`lkhmfns phrtlkufhrns
phrtlkufhrns phrh khih uea. Rar
njncpfa, hetns

[hfda in cl khsh phrh lr h hfdúe fhia, ghda ueh mrnvn nvakhklûe phrh fh
letnfldneklh (èednf, nspãrltu, a kaca qulnrhs ffhchrfa) qun prnslin
intnrclehia mhrrla a snktar. Fn prndueta fa qun enknslta in nf, phrh qun
cn kulin,letndrhetn
snr phrtn letnrkhcmln nenrdãh
in nstn n le`archklûe
mhrrla kaeclda,
shdrhia, y phrh phrh hyuihrcn
pnrcãtncn sndulr h
krnklneia y pradrnshr kaca pnrsaeh y chda.
\ nsa ns Justa fa qun ghkn.

Lekfusa hpflka nsth prèktlkh h fas il`nrnetns

il`nrnetns trnens in cntra qun usa. ya h
vnkns qunca ueh vnfh phrh nf trne H a K, a in vnz ne kuheia inja
caenihs h fa fhrda inf pfhth`arch kaca a`rneih a dnsta in
hdrhinklclneta.
hdrhinklclnet a. Nvaka fas nspãrltus y prndueta
 phrh qun nf vlhjn
vlhjn ne trne snh
snh fa cès rèplia y `èklf paslmfn
paslmfn,, rnzheia phrh
qun ea ghyh ihøa ffndh h kuhfqulnrh y qun nf vlhjn mnen`lklh h
taias. Kuheia cn ilrlja h ue fudhr phrtlkufhr kaca nstn y ghknrfn shmnr
qun kaeslinra qun nstè lduhf in vlva, kaesklnetn n letnfldnetn kaca ya,
 cn rnspaein in fh clsch chenrh.
Nsth prèktlkh euekh cn `hffh, y rnkaclneia hiapthrfh ustni clsca.

Ghy ueh snrln in rhzaens par fhs kuhfns klnrtas fudhrns sn slnetne cès
nenrdlzhias a
nsplrltuhf qun atras, pnra euekh afvlins qun taia ns ilvlea. Lchdleh nf
Rhdn 80=

lcphkta ne nfhcueia
ilrnkthcnetn fh sl cès pnrsaehs pneshrhe qun sã. Kuheia ffndhs
Ne nsneklh, eledúe fudhr ns cès a cneas shdrhia qun kuhfqulnr
atra. Linhfcnetn, hprneinrès
fa clsca hknrkh in iûein vlvns y vlslths, hiaptheia kuhfqulnr prèktlkh
qun phrnzkh
hpraplhia phrh fh letnfldneklh qun slncprn nstè h fh chea.
Rhdn 80;

Y
=2
=2
KAEAKNYN H YL CL[CA
fh sneslmlflihi h fh qun cn rn`nrã ne nf khpãtufa 8< slncprn
lcparth
8< slncprn nstè hgã, ea

Iûein nstès. [afa tlnens qun nsthr hmlnrta h vnrfa y nskukghr fa qun tlnen
qun ghknr 
inklr. Fh chdlh ea sunfn ghmfhreas kae rhyas a eumns
a hrmustas hrilneia a ueh vaz in hmunfa ne hudn a kuhfqulnr atra cìtaia
 papufhr 
ne flmras hetlduas a pnfãkufhs cainrehs. Munea, punin, pnra
dnenrhfcnetn ea ns hsã
vh h `ueklaehr Ne cl nxpnrlneklh, fh chdlh suneh cès h cneuia kaca fh
tuyh.
Paz qun sn kacuelkh slfneklashcnetn ne fhs pra`ueilihins in tu
karhzûe, ne fas rlekaens in tu
kaeklneklh, y ne fas hspnktas akuftas in tu nspãrltu y hfch. Yn injh shmnr 
kuheia nstès ne nf khclea karrnkta, y klnrthcnetn
klnrthcnetn tn ilkn kuèeia vhs
 par chf khclea.
khclea. Rnra punin tachr
tachr ue tlncpa amtnenr
amtnenr fh plsth, ffnnr
nnr fhs
 snøhfns.

Cl kaesnja prleklphf ns prnsthr htneklûe h taia, par inetra y par

`unrh. ]nkunrih
qun ne fa qun rnspnkth h fh chdlh, fh fãenh ilvlsarlh netrn letnreh y
nxtnrea ns cnrhcnetn kaevneklaehf. Eunvhcnetn, ea ns útlf hpndhrsn
inchslhia hf
rnsufthias in su chdlh, pnra slncprn punin pnilr sldeas, nspnklhfcnetn
kuheia
ffndh h fh arlnethklûe phrh ue hsueta ne phrtlkufhr. [l fa ghkn, nstì hmlnrta
h fhs rnspunsths in taias
tlpas. Runine vnelr h tl ne fh `arch in nsh vaz letnrlar in fh qun ghmfì, a
thf vnz safa kaca ueh sneshklûe lestletlvh y sle phfhmrhs. Runins
kacnezhr h vnr ue kafar ne phrtlkufhr 
qun tlnen ue sldel`lkhia nspnklhf phrh tl iaeinqulnrh qun clrns, a
 pairãhs rnklmlr 
rnklmlr 
ueh vlslth arilehrlh in ue snr ne phrtlkufhr, ue tlpa in pèjhra qun vunfh
 par neklch y qun
qun
sldel`lkh
leusuhf nehfda
nf phrh ustni pnrsaehfcnetn, par njncpfa, a ue nxtrhøa
hutamús. [l plins ue cneshjn, injh qun taia netrn y inskumrn quì ns fh
chdlh
trhtheia in kacuelkhrcn samrn fh sltuhklûe.
Ne nstn pueta, nspnra qun tnedhs nxpnrlneklh usheia fh chdlh phrh taia
tlpa in
rhzaens: mneilklaens, pratnkklûe, hilvlehklûe, arlnethklûe, ntk. Rar `hvar 
chetìedhsn ne
Ynedh ne kuneth qun ueh in fhs prleklphfns rhzaens phrh prhktlkhr chdlh
ns par fh shfui in su
slstnch in nenrdãh,
 prèktlkhcnet
 prèktlkhcnetnn y knetrhrsn ne nsn prapûslta trhnrè mnen`lklas h
taia fa incès ne tu vlih. Fh chdlh `arthfnkn tu hurh, tu cnetn
cès kfhra, y flcplh y hktlvh tus knetras in nenrdãh. Kae nf tlncpa a par
`hfth
Rhdn 809
in usa, eunstras knetras in nenrdãh sn nsthekhe a mfaqunhe, y
enknslthcas flcplhr 
nffas phrh painr khehflzhr cès sustheklh ilvleh. Ne hfduehs `archs,
Nsth ns fh nsneklh in fa qun sn trhth fh chdlh: khehflzhr cès nenrdãh, kgl,
 prheh, `unda sle
sle `arch, a kuhfqulnr
kuhfqulnr atrh kash qun fas gucheas fafa ghyhe
 kaeaklia. Linhfcnetn, nsthcas
khphz in hpravnkghr cès y cès nenrdãh h cnilih qun nevnjnkncas, pnra
inshrraffhr nsth khphklihi

Ns lcparthetn chetnenr ueh gldlnen nenrdìtlkh y rnspnthr nf vhfar in

Rrèktlkhs `ueihcnethfns
`ueihcnethfns in fh chdlh. [l qulnrns hvhezhr kaca chda, ns
kruklhf qun kaetleúns nsths tìkelkhs
tìkelkhs h fa fhrda in tu vlih. Ea injns qun
fh slcpflklihi in fas prnflclehrns y fhs prèktlkhs `ueihcnethfns tn
nedhøhe? sle
nffas, fhs prèktlkhs hvhezhihs sae cnrhs phfhmrhs y dnstas.
 Ea pnrclth fh slcpflklihi
slcpflklihi in fas prnf
prnflclehrns
lclehrns y fhs prè
prèktlkhs
ktlkhs
`ueihcnethfns.
tn nedhøa
Fas htfnths afãcplkas ea safa netrnehe in vnz ne kuheia, a sn khflnethe
safa
cleutas hetns in qun kaclnekn fh kacpntneklh. Netrnehe kaca sl sus
vlihs inpneilnrhe in nffa:
taias fas iãhs, lcpfhkhmfncnetn, sle lcparthr su nsthia in èelca a
sltuhklûe. Kuhfqulnrh qun qulnrh
krnknr kaca chda y rnhflzhr khcmlas ne nf pfhea `ãslka inmnrãh ghknr fa
clsca.
Ghknr chdlh sn kaevlnrtn ne hfda hsã kaca ue rn`fnja phrh nf chda mlne
netrnehia. [us
 mlne fnnr flmras
flmras samrn chdlh y tnenr kaevnrshklaens
kaevnrshklaens hf rnspn
rnspnkta,
kta, pnra safa
ghmfheia
samrn fh kaclih ea ffnehrè tu mhrrldh y shtls`hrè tu ghcmrn. Khcmla rnhf
y
Nf pradrnsa safa punin sukninr h trhvìs in fh prèktlkh y fhs prunmhs in su
 praplh nxpnrlneklh.
nxpnrlneklh.
Ne nstn flmra, gn prnsnethia fas kaeknptas mèslkas phrh kacnezhr, y kae
sunrtn
yh nstès ne khclea. ]nkunrih qun nf vlhjn tn pnrtnenkn.
Ffndhs h nstn trhmhja kae tus praplhs letneklaens, iaens, ohrch y nenrdãh.
slstnch, y tus inskumrlclnetas snrèe tuyas y safa tuyas. Kuheia
ghmfhcas in
nf drhe trhmhja ne chdlh, taia kaclnezh kae nf iaclela in fa mèslka y fh
 músqunih
quì tìkelkhs (y vhrlhklaens in nshs tìkelkhs) `ueklaehe cnjar phrh
ustni. Nsn
ea suknin in fh eakgn h fh chøheh, y rnqulnrn cukga cès tlncpa y
ns`unrza qun fh chyarãh
fh dnetn hfdueh vnz sn inilkhrè. Rnra hqunffas qun fa ghdhe nekaetrhrèe
 tnsaras
Fh chdlhcès hffè inrnspaeshmlflihi
rnqulnrn fa lchdlehmfn. pnrsaehf y tu praplh phrtlklphklûe
hutìetlkh.

ne nf khclea. Fh chdlh ns phrh pnrsaehs qun ea nstèe kaetneths kae fa

qun ns nf cueia
vneilìeiafas, a trhth in ghknrfa, taias fas iãhs. Cukgh dnetn prn`lnrn ihr 
su
hutarlihi nsplrltuhf phrh atras: phrh fãinrns rnfldlasas, flmras shdrhias
hetlduas a lekfusa
h damlnreas y klneklh. Nsths pnrsaehs amtlnene kaesunfa hf krnnr qun
atras
 punin ghknr su trhmhja
trhmhja par nffas?
nffas? Hflvlh su heslnihi in pneshr qun ttaia
aia
tlnen
\h gh slia trhzhia. Fh chdlh ea a`rnkn nsta. Ea ghy fudhr phrh nf iadch
Rhdn 80>
a inspflnduns suminshrraffhias
suminshrraffhias in invaklûe hquã. Fh
F h chdlh ea ns ueh
rnfldlûe, y
fas chdas ea sae invatas theta kaca sae hrtlsths, klnetã`lkas y

nxpfarhiarns.
in fh rni cuftlilcneslaehf in fh nenrdãh ilvleh.
Leskrlta ne nf Yncpfa in Hpafa ne Inf`as ghkn ueas clfns in høas.
`unrae fhs phfhmrhs "Kaeûkntn h tl clsca". Hfduehs pnrsaehs ilkne qun
vlnen nstn h`arlsca
in ueh leskrlpklûe húe cès hetlduh ne nf Yncpfa in Fuxar ne Ndlpta qun
inkãh hfda
kaca: "Kaeûkntn h tl clsca phrh qun punihs ffndhr h kaeaknr h fas
ilasns". Yaia hfrniniar inf
cueia, fas hetlduas chdas shmãhe qun fas snkrntas inf uelvnrsa nxtnrea
sae
nekaetrhia inetra, qun sacas ue rn`fnja in nsn uelvnrsa, y hf clsca
tlncpa
insncpnøhr ue phpnf ka-krnhtlva ne nf inshrraffa sle `le. Hf nxpfarhr nf
ffhchia
letnrlar, ffndhcas h kacprneinr kûca `ueklaeh nf ffhchia nxtnrlar, y nf
Kuheta cès netneincas nf praknsa dnenrhf n letnrinpneilnetn, cès `èklf
ns ihr `arch
y ilrnkta Yheta hrrlmh kaca hmhja? kaca hinetra, hsã h`unrh.
Rhdn 800
 

ya
RA[IHYH
kacnezû h trhmhjhr ne nstn flmra ne Maufinr, Kafarhia, cuy fnjas in
Cl khsh ne fh kluihi in Eunvh \aro. Cn snetì ne ueh ghmlthklûe in
gatnf y vl kûca fh elnvn sn hrrncaflehmh
y khyû kaesthetncnetn `unrh in fh vnetheh kaetrh nf tnfûe in `aeia in
@raet ]hedn
caethøhs, y cn snetãh kaca sl nstuvlnrh ne ueh nspnkln in nearcn dfama
in elnvn. Nrh
ne rnhflihi h `lehfns in chya, pnra phrnkãh Ehvlihi.
Fh nskneh envhih sn sletlû kaca ue rndhfa in fh chdlh clsch. Hf vnrfa,
cl karhzûe
sn leueiû in drhtltui, theta qun snetã qun paiãh ffarhr. Insin qun nrh ue
Gljh, fa qun cès cn dustû `unrae fhs vhkhklaens, nspnklhfcnetn fhs
 Ehvlihins. Ea
 Ea lcparth iûein
iûein nstì, nsh ìpakh
ìpakh inf høa cn ghkn
ghkn snetlr qun gn vunfta h
khsh. Yhcmlìe
sn slnetn kaca nf cacneta ne qun fh chdlh ns cès painrash. Cn tacû
cnsns phrh
tnrcleh in nskrlmlr fa qun `lehfcnetn sn kaevlrtlû ne nf flmra qun hgarh
tlnens ne tus cheas,
y nsa `un h `lehfns in eavlncmrn ne Ghrfnc, y huequn fh nskneh nrh
cès chrkhia y cès drls, ueh vnz cès sn sletlû kaca Ehvlihi.
Xulnra hdrhinknrtn par vnelr ne nstn vlhjn kaeclda. Drhklhs par su
letnrìs ne fh chdlh y par
p ar qunrnr hprneinr nsths tìkelkhs y
 prèktlkhs. nspnra
nspnra
nstn ns safa nf kaclneza in tu vlhjn, y tn insna fa cnjar ne ue khclea
qun, sl
sl nfldns, vlhjhrès phrh slncprn. Ea tneda iuihs in qun fh chdlh
kacnezhrè h
hyuihrfa, kaesafhrfa y mrleihrfn fa qun enknslth, lekfusa hetns in
  prnduethr
arinen qunafa ghdh.
[l cn iljnrhs kuheia nrh ue eløa qun krnknrãh phrh nskrlmlr y

kacphrtlr ue flmra samrn chdlh kae fh dnetn, gumlnrh slia inchslhia

lcpaslmfn
krnnr. Ghmrãh slia nf pleèkufa in taia fa qun pairãh ghmnr nspnrhia
 phrh, y hgarh gh
gh ffndhia h mune tìrclea. Yaih cl vlih gh ffnvhia h ns
nstn
tn
flmra:
Lekfusa fhs phrtns cès il`ãklfns y il`ãklfns in cl hriua vlhjn phrh ffndhr
hquã.
Chdlko gh nsthia kaeclda ne khih phsa inf khclea, y thcmlìe nsthrè
hffã phrh tl.
Rhrh tnrclehr, qulnra nxtneinr ueh vnz cès cl hdrhinklclneta
hdrhinklclneta h fh
`hclflh [aueis Yrun
 par levlthrcn h ghknr nstn pr
praynkta
aynkta y par kulihrcn
kulihrcn the nxkn
nxknfnetncnetn
fnetncnetn
Rhdn 804
fh chenrh. Nstay ntnrehcnetn hdrhinklia, y snrè ueh nxpnrlneklh qun
rnkunria y
tnsara par nf rnsta in cl vlih.
Rhdn 807

rn
[AM]N NF H^YA] 
hclne Nkgafs ehklû ne 8<49 y krnklû ne Clsslsslppl,
Yneenssnn, Chryfhei, Arndûe, Ynxhs, Fulslheh y Hroheshs. Kuheia ìf
nrh
ilnklakga høas, Ihclne y atras ias jûvnens `unrae lejusthcnetn
kaeinehias par 
hsnslehta, ffndheia h snr kaeaklia kaca Tnst Cncpgls Ygrnn. Ynelneia
rnklmlû ueh snetneklh in cunrtn, Ihclne phsû khsl ias iìkhihs
i ìkhihs ne nf
karrniar in fh cunrtn, ghsth
`un flmnrhia ne =288. Clnetrhs nsthmh ne prlslûe, Ihclne `un arinehia
ne nf ]lezhl
Yrhilklûe muilsth zne. Ìf ns nf tnch in Rhrhilsn Fast  , , ue trlphrtlta
Tnst a` Cncpgls
 snrln iakucnethf praiuklih par GMA y Tnst a` Cncpgls , ue
iakucnethf

 praiuklia par Rntnr

Rntnr Jhkosae y @rhe Thfsg. Ihclne ns thcmlìe
thcmlìe nf hutar
in
 Nf  ìxlta
 ìxlta in vneths inf Enw \aro Ylcns Fl`n H`tnr Inhtg y \aurs `ar
 Ntnrelty .
Ihclne nesnøh kfhsns in chdlh ne taia nf phãs y trhmhjh kaca vlsuhf
hrtlsth. [u amrh in hrtn lekfuyn dfl`as, sldlfas y sãcmafas ilsnøhias phrh
nvlthr nf
cnetn kaesklnetn y ghmfh ilrnkthcnetn hf sumkaesklnetn, kacmleheia
chdlh
tìkelkhs kae su prapla hf`hmnta y slstnch in nskrlturh phrh insdfashr
kaeknptas
y nsknehrlas ne ilsnøas hmstrhktas. Ìf y su nspash, Farrl Ihvls, vlvne ne
 Eunvh
Kluihi in \aro kae sus trns dhtas.
ihclnenkgafs.kac,, ne
Rhrh cès le`archklûe, vlsltn Ihclne ne ihclnenkgafs.kac
@hknmaao, ne
Lesthdrhc Bihclnenkgafs
Bihclnenkgafs , , a ne Ywlttnr BIhclnenkgafs.
BIhclnenkgafs.
Rhdn 80<

Yhcmlìe par Ihclne Nkgafs

Plih inspuìs in fh cunrtn
Yuya par fh ntnrelihi  (kae
 (kae Farrl Ihvls)
Rhdn 842

[
[AM]N [AELIA[ PN]IHIN]A
[AM]N
Aueis Yrun ns ue niltar cuftlcnilh kuyh clslûe ns lesplrhr y
Hpayhr fh trhes`archklûe pnrsaehf y nf inspnrthr nsplrltuhf. @ueihia ne
8<7> y
umlkhia ne Maufinr, Kafarhia, trhmhjhcas kae cukgas in fas fãinrns
nsplrltuhfns
 chnstras,
tlncpa. pneshiarns,
Eas ns`arzhcasshehiarns
kae khihy hrtlsths vlslaehrlas in eunstra

tãtufa phrh prnsnrvhr fh "shmliurãh vlvh" nsneklhf inf hutar a hrtlsth. Ns

eunstra
amjntlva in krnhr praiuktas qun ea safa mrleine le`archklûe h ue fnktar
u aynetn,
 pnra nsa thcmlìe
thcmlìe nekhreh fh khflihi
khflihi in ueh trhesclslûe
trhesclslûe in shml
shmliurãh.
iurãh.
Rhrh hqunffas qun muskhe ueh trhes`archklûe dneuleh, [aueis Yrun ns su
kae`lhezh
kacphønra. Ne [aueisYrun.kac nekaetrhrè
[aueisYrun.kac nekaetrhrè ueh drhe khetlihi in
rnkursas drhtultas phrh hpayhr 
su vlhjn, lekfulihs netrnvlsths in huila snchehfns nxkfuslvhs, inskhrdhs
drhtulths,
gnrrhclneths in hprneilzhjn letnrhktlvhs y atras hgarras nspnklhfns ne
taias eunstras tãtufas.
Rhrh amtnenr cès le`archklûe, vlsltn [aueisYrun.kac/`rnndl`ts a
[aueisYrun.kac/`rnndl`ts a
ffècneas sle khrda hf
722.;;;.<87>.
Rèdleh 848
[uneh Yrun Maufinr, KA 72;20
© =287 Ihclne Nkgafs
Rrûfada © =287 Niiln Pniinr [aueis Yrun ns ueh chrkh rndlstrhih in [aueis Yrun, Lek.
Yaias fas inrnkgas rnsnrvhias. Eledueh phrtn in nstn flmra punin snr utlflzhih a rnpraiuklih in
eledueh chenrh sle ue nskrlta
 pnrclsa inf hutar (ns) y niltar.
Rumflkhia =287

Rhdn 84=

Ilsnøa in flmra par Mntg [onffny

Lfustrhklaens © =287 Farrl Ihvls Yhflsches © =287 Ihclne Nkgafs Lcprnsa ne Khehiè
 Eacmrns in ihtas
ihtas in khthfadhk
khthfadhklûe
lûe ne pumflkhklûe in fh Mlmflatnkh inf KKaedrnsa:
aedrnsa: Nkgafs, Ihc
Ihclne,
lne,
hutar.
Yãtufa: Hfth chdlh: ueh duãh in fhs prèktlkhs nsplrltuhfns qun shfvhrae cl vlih ne nf karrniar in fh
cunrtn / Ihclne Nkgafs.
Inskrlpklûe: Maufinr, KA: [aueis Yrun, Lek., =287.
Linetl`lkhiarns:
Linetl`lkhiarns: FKKE =287282;=> (lcprnslûe) | FKKE =2872;=9<< (flmra nfnktrûelka) | L[ME
<47807;098;>; (flmra nfnktrûelka) |
L[ME <47807;098;90 (thph iurh) Ynchs: FK[G: Chdlh. Nf | Plih nsplrltuhf.
Kfhsl`lkhklûe: FKK M@8088
M@8088 (nmaao) | FKK M@8088 .N=7 =287 (lcprnslûe) | IIK 8;;.9 / ; ’ ik=;
]ndlstra FK ilspaelmfn ne gttps://fkke.fak.dav/=287282;=>

Rhdn 84;

Hfhmhezh par fh hfth chdlh

"[nrãh il`ãklf nekaetrhr ue chnstra in chdlh kaetncparèena kaca
 gèmlf, kaesuchia
nsplrltuhf kaca y kacpracntlia kae nstn hetldua y shdrhia hrtn
Ihclne Nkgafs. [u iaclela pravlnen in høas in ilsklpfleh y inilkhklûe.

 prhktlkhr clnetrhs
clnetrhs nstè nekhrknfhia
nekhrknfhia lejusthcnetn.
lejusthcnetn. Ihclne hpravnkgû
theta su
hlsfhclneta y tlncpa, y hprneilû taia fa qun puia samrn nf rnlea
cèdlka. Ìf
 prhktlkhmh lekheshmfncnetn
lekheshmfncnetn ghs
ghsth
th qun sn kaevlrtlû
kaevlrtlû ne ueh phrtn the
the
lcparthetn in ìf kaca su prapla hflneta y
shedrn. Rhrh cã, ea ghy chnstra in chdlh cès khfl`lkhia y thfnetasa qun
Ihclne [l tn prndueths sl fh chdlh `ueklaeh a ea, safa nkgh ue vlsthza h
Nf khclea in Ihclne ghklh fh flmnrthi. Nsa ns chdlh ne hkklûe.
CHÃZ IN [NHEN
krnhiar in fh snrln in IPI Ygn \adh a` Hwhoneled  y
 y ka`ueihiar in A`` 
tgn Cht,
Leta tgn Tarfi®
"^e flmra lekrnãmfncnetn painrasa samrn nf painr in fh kaeklneklh y fa
guchea
nspãrltu
khsl phrhhøas.
vnletn trhskneinr kuhfqulnr sltuhklûe a hivnrslihi. Ihclne phsû
ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn par ue krlcne qun ea kacntlû, y sl nstn tlpa
 punin khclehr fh fh kghrfh,
Kuhfqulnrh punin."
YAE\ ]AMMLE[
netrnehiar in vlih, `lfèetrapa y hutar in ìxlta in ^eflcltni Rawnr  y
 y
 Rhsas in dldhetn
"H trhvìs in fh prèktlkh in fh hfth chdlh, Ihclne Nkgafs hpravnkgû su
hfch phrh
nekunetrn fh `unrzh letnrlar phrh supnrhr fh tnrrlmfn lejustlklh qun sn fn
atardû
Rhdn 849
samrn nf. Ns ue tnstlcaela hsacmrasa inf painr in fh cnetn y nf kunrpa,
y
nsthcas arduffasas in ffhchr h Ihclne eunstra hclda ".
[GH]AE \ AZZ\ A[MA^]EN
in Ygn Asmaurens , Ygn W @hktar  , , Ygn Yhfo  y
 y Mfhko [hmmhtg
"Ihclne Nkgafs ih ueh drhe linh in fas mnen`lklas in prhktlkhr chdlh y
kûca fn shfvû fh vlih ne nf karrniar in fh cunrtn. Húe cès `hsklehetn ns
kûca utlflzû nf
 clschs tìkelkhs phrh chetnenr su kariurh ueh vnz qun `un flmrn y sn
injû praknshr 

ilnklakga høas in trhuch. Nsth ns rnhfcnetn ueh duãh ehklih in fh

nxpnrlneklh kaca ea
atra."
YAE\ GHTO 
hktar, klenhsth
‖Fh glstarlh in yIhclne
plaenransinf
uehsohtn
qunhcnrlkhea
cuy pakhs pnrsaehs rnhfcnetn
 punine lchdlehr a kacprneinr. ya
ya, qun fa kaeazka insin ghkn hfdúe tlncpa, taihvãh ea punia. Runia
inklr gaensthcnetn
[l gumlnrh slia ya ne su fudhr, ea nsthrãh vlva gay, a ne nf cnjar in fas
khsas nsa snrãh
qunihrãh snrãh ue khskhrûe vhkãa, rata y gunka in cl hetldua ya. Yaihvãh
in hfdueh chenrh, Ihclne ea safa samrnvlvlû kae ueh pnrspnktlvh
rhilhetn y rhilhetn
sus nxpnrlneklhs in vlih, gh ffndhia h vnrfa kaca ueh mneilklûe qun fa
ffnvû h su in karrlnetn. Ns vnrihinrhcnetn ue gacmrn nxtrharilehrla,
trhynktarlh
eathmfn. Gaensthcnetn punia inklr qun
 Euekh ne cl vlih
vlih gn slia cès guclfin
guclfin hetn fh prnsneklh in atra
atra guchea
slneia. Cn slneta rnhfcnetn h`artuehia in kaeaknrfa y ffhchrfa ue
qunrlia hclda ".
[Y^]DLFF [LCR[AE
Cúslka dhehiar inf prncla Drhccy®, H [hlfar's Dulin ta Nhrtg
‖ Gldg Chdlko  ns
 ns ue vlhjn in fh askurlihi h fh fuz. Ihclne Nkgafs nstè
vlvlneia

84> in 887<.
 prunmh in qun tnencas
tnencas inetra in easatras fh khphklihi
khphklihi in injhr in fhia
h qulnens `ulcas
y hvhezhr ghklh nf clstnrla in ne qulìe húe paincas ffndhr h snr. Fnn
nstn flmra
-¡Khcmlhrè tu vlih!"
@]HE THF[G \ RNYN] JHKO[AE
dulaelsths y praiuktarns in fh trlfadãh in Nf snøar in fas helffas
‖Ihclne Oasae gh vlvlia nvnetas y klrkuestheklhs gucheas nxtrncas.
Hgarh ne nf cueia, kacphrtn su vlslûe,
v lslûe, su prèktlkh in vlthflihi
kacpracntlih. Chya
 sus fnktarns nxpnrlcnethe su vnrihinrh dnenraslihi y drhe kacphslûe
kuheia ìf úelkhcnetn

gaerh nf pra`ueia vata qun glza phrh flmnrhr h taias fas snrns inf
su`rlclneta ".
[GAIA GH]HIH ]A[GL
hmhi inf caehstnrla in [adnejl (Jhpûe) y hutar in Careled Inw Iraps
a` tgn
 Cnetn: Nesnøhezhs in ue caejn Ylmnthea