RQMLU RQRGXNLI 8

KLDL ? JXLKUNUFL LKROAINKL ILDLIGQF

KND ? 01>8=3051

FGBA DLRL FQINL@ ? 2<32

DLRL FQINL@ ? SUNFGIGMN SAXFADHLKMLK LKLF

OL]LHLK
<. Sarfadhlkmlk dgrli blk lmldl plbl lklf usnl 2-: tl`uk.
Dgrli blk lmldl ylkm hlnf darupflk sultu `li paktnkm blild fa`nbuplk satnlp
nkbnvnbu, hlnf lklf-lklf dlupuk bawlsl.
 Sarfadhlkmlk dgrli.
Dakurut l`in, usnl 2-: tl`uk , lklf duiln dada`ldn lturlk, klduk
blild elrl ylkm sabar`lkl. Ragrn ylkm dakarlkmflk parfadhkmlk
dgrli plbl lklf usnl 2-: tl`uk bneatusflk gia` Ilwrakea Fg`iharm,
dakurutkyl, parfadhlkmlk
parfadhlkmlk dgrli tarbnrn ltls tl`lplk, lktlrl ilnk ?
l. Srgfgkvasngkli
Saklilrlk prlfgkvaksngkli lblil` haktuf paklirlk dgrli ylkm plinkm
lwli blk plinkm dubl, bn dlkl nkbnvnbu haiud dakmlbgpsn ltlu
dakmnktarklinslsn fasaplfltlk
fasaplfltlk dlsylrlflt dakmakln haklr blk
slil`.
h. Fgkvaksngkli
Sarnilfu ylkm hlnf lblil` parnilfu ylkm dakyaklkmflk ltlu
dakgigkm grlkm ilnk blk bntarndl gia` darafl. Rnkmfl` ilfu sarnkm
flin bnkniln harblslrflk knltkyl
e. Sgstfgkvaksngkli
Sarnilfu ylkm haklr eakbarukm bnbajnknsnflk sahlmln `lf udud blk
`ufud nkbnvnbu, ylkm subl` bnuon blk bnsatuoun gia` dlsylrlflt.
Sarnilfu ylkm haklr bnbajnknsnflk sahlmln sahul` `ltn kurlkn
harblslrflk prnksnp atnf bnrn ylkm bnpnin`
 Sarfadhlkmlk lmldl.
Slbl usnl bnkn parfadhlkmlk lmldl nbaktne bakmlk padl`ldlkkyl lflk
Ru`lk, ylntu hlmlndlkl darafl dadl`ldn faharlbllk Ru`lkkyl.
Uaelrl udud, hlylkmlk lklf tar`lblp Ru`lk haruhl` duiln blrn
harsnjlt jnsnf, dnslikyl sapartn hlblk haslr, dakolbn ylkm snjlt sadn-jnsnf
sldlpln lf`nrkyl lhstrlf.

J.Gsar dakmlouflk 1 tl`lplk sldpln lf`nrkyl lklf dadninfn

padl`ldlkl ylkm dltlkm tar`lblp Ru`lk.
Ru`lk bnlkmmlp fult saelrl jnsnf, Ru`lh lblil` padahrn fauktukmlk tlu
fahlnflk, sahlmln sl`lhlt prnhlbn, Ru`lk lblil` padhult lturlk-lturlk
`u fud, blk Ru`lk sahlmln ’sadlkmlt— ltlu ’pakmmarlf— lfsn-lfsn
dgrli.
8. Famnltlk ylkm dldpu daknkmfltflk parfadhlkmlk dgrli blk lmldl lklf usnl
2-: tl`uk.
 Dakarlpflk lturlk-lturlk
lturlk-lturlk ylkm saildl nkn bnlolrflk gia` grlkm bawlsl,
hlnf grlkm tul, pakmlsu` dlupak muru, sa`nkmml lklf blplt
dadhablflk lpl ylkm ’hlmus— blk ’huruf—, ylkm ’hlnf— bk ’klfli—.
 Lklf bnlolrflk uktuf hartnkmfl` sgplk bk tl`u dakm`lrmln grlkm ilnk.
 Dakmlolrflk lklf uktuf slinkm harhlmn blk daiakmflpn sltu sldl ilnk.
5. L. parfadhlkmlk fgmkntnj lklf usnl 2-: tl`uk dakurut Snlmat.
Dakurut pnlmat nkbnvnbu lblil` dlfiuf ylkm lftnj, bnl tnblf dakarndl hamntu
slol pakmatl`ulk ylkm lbl bn safntlrkyl, nkbnvnbu saelrl lftnjdamfgkstrufsn
lftnjdamfgkstrufsn
pakmatl`ulkkyl sakbnr blk `li tarsahut bnilfuflk dailiun prgsas grmlknslsn blk
lblptlsn ( dailiun lsndnilsn blk lfgdgblsn ). Blrn prgsas
p rgsas tarsahut lflk tarhaktuf
sfadl, ylntu safudpuilk padnfnrlk ltlu famnltlk ylkm sldl sapartn
targrmlknlsn. Dakurut pnlmat parfadhlkmlk fgmkntnj sagrlkm klf tarbnrn blrn 2
tl`lplkharnfut?
 Rl`lp saksgrndgtgr ( saksgrndgtgr parngb ) bnduiln saolf il`nr `nkmml
furlkm iahn` usnl 8 tl`uk.
 Rl`lp prlgparlsngkli ( pragparltngkli parngb ) bnduiln saolf usnl 8
tl`uk `nkmml furlkm iahn` usnl : ltlu = tl`uk.
 Rl`lplk gparlsn fgkfrat ( egkerata gparltngkl parngb ) bn duiln saolf
usnl : ltlu = tl`uk `nkmml furkm iahn` usnl << ltlu <8 tl`uk.
 Rl`lplk gparlsn jgrdli ( jgrdli gparltngks ) bnduiln saolf usnl <<
ltlu <8 tl`uk `nkmml bawlsl.

H. Fatarhltlsl-fatarhltlslk
Fatarhltlsl-fatarhltlslk parfadhlkmlk fgmkntnj lklf usnl 2-: tl`uk.


Amgsaktrnsda ( amgeaktrnsd ), fatnblfdldpulk lklf uktuf dain`lt
sasultu blru subut plkblkm grlkm ilnk.
 Xlsl hnkmukm lktlrl faolbnlk-faolbnlk jnsnf blk psnfgigmns ltlu
sadnigmneli ralsgknkm.
 Fatnblfdldpullk
Fatnblfdldpullk dailiuflk fakvarslsn ( ilef gj egksarvltngk ) .
 Fatnblfdldpulk dadhlinflk
dadhlinflk faolbnlk ( nrravarsnhninty ), lklf tnblf
dlpu dadhlinfflk saelrl dakti sarlkmflnlk faolbnlk, trlksjgrdlsn,
ltlu ilkmfl`-ilkmfl` paklilrlk.
 Iahn` dadparelyln parsapsn bnhlkbnkmflk igmnfl, lklf iahn` dain`lt
plbl lpl ylkm Kldplf ltlu tarmldhlr sllt dakmldhni sultu
fasndpuilk.
 Eaktrltngk, onfl lbl bul ltlu iahn` enrn blrn bndaksn jnsnf sultu hakbl
dukeui dlfl lklf `lkyl dldpu dadusltflk plbl sltuenrn bndaksn
slol.
 Filsnjnfsn tukmmli ( snkmia eilssnjneltngk ).lklf `lkyl blplt
dakmmgigkmflk ( dailiuflk filsnjnflsn ) ghoaf harblslrflk sltu subut
plkbllkm ykm lbl sllt nkn slol.
 Harpnfnr trlksbuftnj ( trlksbutnva ralsgknkm ), ylntu paklilrlk ylkm
dainhltflk fgdhnksn jlftl-jlftl ylkm tnblf har`uhukmlk.

2. Sardlslil`lk hl`lsl ylkm sarnkm tarolbn plbl lklf usnl 2-: tl`uk.
 Fasuintlk dakmukmflpflk fankmnklk saelrl varhli.
Ulil` sltu pakyahlh fasuintlk hl`lsl nkn lblil` fgkbnbn daktli lklf.
Uailnk jletgr daktli, jletgr jnsnf ouml dakolbn pakm`ldhlt, blk slil` sltu
jletgr ylkm tnblf hgia` bniuplflk lblil` dlslil` adgsngkli, hnil lklf
 darlsl ldlk blk kyldlk blild dakmukmflpflk fankmklkkyl saelrl
varhli dlfl fadldpulk
fadldpulk nkn lflk tarus bnfadhlkmflk
bnfadhlkmflk bakmlk iahn` hlnf.
 Fasuintlk uktuf harfgduknflsn bakmlk dakmmuklflk flindlt iakmflp.
Uasukmmu`kyl lklf-lklf usnl prlsafgil` plbl ududky subl`
dakmulsln tltl hl`lsl bakmlk hlnf , klduk tarflblkm darafl
eakbarukm sarnkm dakynkmflt flindlt. Sakmukllk flindlt ylkm iakmflp
blild sultu parelflplk taktu slol har`uhukmlk bakmlk inkmfukmlk
tadplt tnkmmi lklf. Hnil inkmfukmlk
inkmfukmlk dakuktukky
dakuktukkyl
l uktuf harhl`lsl
bakmlk hlnf blk haklr dlfl lklf flk tarpleu uktuf haruelp iakmflp.