Kata Pengantar

Pujl dlh puj` syujur jkold`rlt Tuolh Plhf Elol Ksl jlrkhl ltls rloelt dlh
o`dlylo Hyl, sko`hffl eljlclo `h` dlplt tkrskcksl`jlh dkhflh bl`j. Pkebultlh eljlclo
`h` tkclo ekhdlplt blhtulh dlr` bkrblfl` p`olj, eljl pldl jkskepltlh `h` pkhuc`s
ekhfumlpjlh tkr`el jls`o ylhf skbkslr-bkslrhyl jkpldl @bu Lh`tl Dw` Lhffrl`h`, ].]T,
E.]` skclju

daskh eltl juc`lo B`aj`e`l ylhf tkclo ekebkr` b`eb`hflh, dlh jufl jkpldl p`olj-p`olj
ylhf tkclo ekeblhtu dlcle pkhuc`slh eljlclo `h` sko`hffl eljlclo `h` dlplt d`skcksl`jlh
dkhflh tkplt wljtu.

Eljlclo ylhf ekeblols ekhfkhl` khz`e `h` d`pkracko dlr` bkrblfl` suebkr, bl`j
ekd`l mktlj elupuh `htkrhkt. Eljlclo `h` d`susuh lflr plrl pkeblml dlplt ekepkracko
blhylj `hiarels` ekhfkhl` eltkr` khz`e.

Dlcle pkebultlh eljlclo `h` pkhuc`s ekhyldlr` els`o blhylj jkjurlhflh, acko
jlrkhl `tu eaoah elli lplb`cl tkrdlplt jkslclolh. Jr`t`j dlh slrlh ylhf ekeblhfuh
slhflt pkhuc`s olrlpjlh lflr ekhjld`jlh eljlclo `h` ckb`o bl`j clf`. Pkhuc`s bkrolrlp
skeafl eljlclo `h` dlplt bkrelhillt blf` plrl pkeblml.

]`dalrja, << Dkskebkr 2>2>

Pkhuc`s
 Daitar @s`

Kata Pengantar..................................................................................................................................... ``

Daitar @s`............................................................................................................................................. ```

Bab < 7 Pendaoucuan

<.<. Cltlr Bkcljlhf................................................................................................................................... 4

<.2. Rueuslh Elslclo............................................................................................................................. 4

<.3. Tujulh Pkhuc`slh............................................................................................................................ ;

Bab 2 7 Peebaoasan

2. <. Pkhfkrt`lh Khz`e........................................................................................................................... 9

2.2. ]trujtur Khz`e................................................................................................................................ 9

2.3. Mlrl Jkrjl Khz`e........................................................................................................................... 7

2.4. ]`ilt-]`ilt Khz`e............................................................................................................................ 9

2. ;. Jcls`i`jls` Khz`e.......................................................................................................................... <>

2.9. Iljtar ylhf Ekepkhflruo` Jkrjl Khz`e................................................................................<2

2.7. Elmle-Elmle Jkcl`hlh Khz`e...............................................................................................<4

Bab 3 7 Penutup

3. <. Jks`epuclh....................................................................................................................................... <9

3.2. ]lrlh................................................................................................................................................. <9

Daitar Pustaja....................................................................................................................................... <7

 BLB @

PKHDLO[C[LH

<.<. Catar Becajang

@ceu b`aj`e`l ekrupljlh slclo sltu dlr` skj`lh blhylj mlblhf `ceu
pkhfktloulh ylhf pkht`hf uhtuj d`pkcljlr`. Olc tkrskbut d`jlrkhljlh `ceu b`aj`e`l
ekepkcljlr` tkhtlhf pkrlhlh bkrblfl` eackjuc dlcle rkljs` j`e`l dlh prasks ylhf
bkrclhfsuhf dlcle tubuo eljocuj o`dup. @ceu `h` jufl ekhjld` dlslr uhtuj
ekepkcljlr` `ceu cl`h, skpkrt` `ceu jkdajtkrlh, `ceu f`z`, dlh cl`hhyl.

]kblfl`elhl ylhf d`pkcljlr` dlcle `ceu b`aj`e`l, jko`duplh d`euhfj`hjlh

jlrkhl jaard`hls` dlr` bkrblfl` rkljs` ektlbac`se d` dlcle skc. Pratk`h dlplt
d`o`drac`s`s dkhflh lsle jcar`dl ekclcu` pkhd`d`olh uhtuj wljtu ylhf slhflt clel.
Hleuh, dkhflh blhtulh khz`e ylhf ldl d` dlcle tubuo, pratkac`s`s dlplt bkrclhfsuhf
dlcle wljtu ylhf s`hfjlt pldl suou tubuo.

Khz`e ekhjld` slclo sltu zlt pkht`hf ylhf ekhlr`j d` lcle. Lclslhhyl ylhf
pkrtlel jlrkhl khz`e bujlhclo bkhdl o`dup, tktlp` bkhdl elt` ylhf d`bult acko
skc o`dup. Khz`e eke`c`j` iuhfs` skblfl` b`ajltlc`sltar yl`tu dlplt ekepkrmkplt
prasks sultu rkljs` j`e`l tlhpl `jut tkrc`blt dlcle rkljs` `tu. Dlcle sultu rkljs` j`e`l
ylhf tkrjld` khz`e ljlh bkrpkrlh dlcle rkljs` tkrskbut, tktlp` t`dlj ljlh `jut
bkrublo ekhjld` praduj jlrkhl khz`e ljlh jkeblc` jk bkhtuj lsc`hyl sktkclo rkljs`
skcksl`. Jltlc`s khz`e dlplt ekepkrmkplt prasks rkljs` dkhflh slhflt bl`j, b`lslhyl
eackjuc < khz`e dlplt bkjkrjl pldl skj`tlr <>>> eackjuc substrlt pkr ekh`t.

Pkrlh khz`e ylhf bkriuhfs` skblfl` jltlc`sltar slhflt bkrpkhflruo

tkroldlp pkr`st`wl-pkr`st`wl dlcle tubuo. Olc `h` d`jlrkhljlh khz`e skblfl`
dktkre`hlh ylhf elepu ekhkhtujlh jkmkpltlh bkrclhfsuhfhyl sultu rkljs` j`e`l
ylhf tkrjld`. Jkjurlhflh khz`e ljlh ekhykblbjlh tkoleblthyl jlcur ektlbac`sek
ylhf ekhykblbjlh jkslclolh ektlbac`sek blwllh. Pkrcu d`jktlou` bkrblfl`
pkelolelh ekhfkhl` khz`e, bl`j bkrupl strujturhyl, s`ilt-s`ilthyl, jcls`i`jls`hyl,
dlh cl`hhyl
lflr dlplt ekhfktlou` blfl`elhl khz`e bkjkrjl skrtl dlplt ekhfo`hdlr` olc-olc ylhf
t`dlj d``hf`hjlh tkrjld` dlcle prasks ylhf bkrjl`tlh dkhflh khz`e. [htuj `tu,
pkelolelh ekhfkhl` olc-olc ylhf bkrjl`tlh dkhflh khz`e ljlh d`blols dlcle
eljlclo `h`.

<.2. Rueusan Easacao

Bkrdlslrjlh url`lh cltlr bkcljlhf, eljl dlplt d`rueusjlh elslclo skpkrt` bkr`jut 7

<.2.<. Lpl pkhfkrt`lh khz`e1

<.2.2. Blfl`elhl strujtur dlr` khz`e1
<.2.3. Blfl`elhl mlrl jkrjl khz`e1
<.2.4. Blfl`elhl s`ilt-s`ilt khz`e1
<.2.;. Blfl`elhl jcli`jls` dlr` khz`e1
<.2.9. Lpl sljl iljtar-iljtar ylhf ekepkhflruo` jkrjl khz`e1
<.2.7. Lpl sljl elmle-elmle jkcl`hlh khz`e1
1.3. Tujuan Penulisan

<.3.<. Ekhfktlou` pkhfkrt`lh khz`e.

<.3.2. Ekhfktlou` strujtur dlr` khz`e.
<.3.3. Ekelole` mlrl jkrjl khz`e.
<.3.4. Ekelole` s`ilt-s`ilt khz`e.
<.3.;. Ekhfktlou` jcls`i`jls` dlr` khz`e.

<.3.9. Ekhfktlou` iljtar-iljtar ylhf ekepkhflruo` jkrjl khz`e.

<.3.7. Ekhfktlou` elmle-elmle jkcl`hlh khz`e.
 BLB @@

PKEBLOL]LH

2.1. Pengertian Knzie

Jltl khz`e bkrlslc dlr` Puhlh` –khzyek― ylhf bkrlrt` d` dlcle skc. Ekhurut Juohk (<878), khz`e bkrlslc dlr`
jltl –`h– dlh –zyek– ylhf bkrlrt` sksultu d` dlcle rlf`. Khz`e ldlclo b`aeackjuc ylhf bkriuhfs` skblfl` jltlc`s
ltlu skhylwl ylhf elepu ekepkrmkplt prasks rkljs` tlhpl olb`s bkrkljs` dlcle sultu prasks rkljs` j`e`l. B`cl zlt
`h` t`dlj ldl, eljl prasks-prasks tkrskbut ljlh tkrjld` cleblt ltlu t`dlj bkrclhfsuhf slel skjlc`.
Khz`e ekrupljlh b`ajltlc`sltar arflh`j ylhf d`ols`cjlh arflh`sek o`dup d` dlcle pratapclsel, ylhf tkrd`r`
ltls pratk`h ltlu sultu skhylwl ylhf bkr`jltlh dkhflh pratk`h, bkriuhfs` skblfl` skhylwl ylhf ekepkrmkplt
prasks rkljs` tlhpl olb`s bkrkljs` dlcle sultu rkljs` j`e`l. Olep`r skeul khz`e ekrupljlh pratk`h.
Bkrdlslrjlh pkhkc`t`lh, khz`e ldlclo sultu pratk`h ylhf bkrupl eackjuc- eackjuc bkslr tlhpl ekhflcle`
pkrublolh strujtur j`e`l.
2.2.]trujtur dari Knzie

Khz`e ekrupljlh pratk`h ylhf d`c`plt ekhjld` 3D ylhf jaepckjs. T`lp khz`e
eke`c`j` bkhtuj dlh lcur tkrtkhtu dlcle strujtur 3D ylhf ekhf`jlt substrlt. Bkhtuj
khz`e ylhf strujturhyl skepurhl dlh ljt`i ekhfjltlc`s d`skbut olcakhz`e. Hleuh,
ldl jufl khz`e ylhf blf`lh lpakhz`e dlh fufus prastkt`jhyl t`dlj ekhyltu.
Olcakhz`e `h` tkrd`r` dlr` dul jaepahkh, yl`tu lpakhz`e dlh fufus prastkt`j.
Lpakhz`e ldlclo blf`lh khz`e ylhf bkrupl skhylwl pratk`h ylhf ekhflhduhf b`hd`hf s`tk. ]`s` ljt`i ldlclo s`s` ylh
]ubstlrt ldlclo zlt ylhf ljlh d`jld`jlh praduj. ]`s` lcastkr`j ldlclo s`s` ylhf bkrjl`tlh dkhflh jailjtar(ljt`vltar) khz`e. ]`s` lc
ekhfublo-ublo bkhtuj s`s` ljt`i(jlju). Blf`lh lpakhz`e bkrs`ilt t`dlj tlolh plhls.
 ]kdlhfjlh fufus prastkt`j ltlu d`skbut jufl jailjtar `h` ekrupljlh skhylwl
hah-pratk`h Jailjtar dlplt ekhfublo-ublo bkhtuj s`s` ljt`i sko`hffl dlplt
d`tkepkc` substrlt tkrtkhtu. Jailjtar dlplt bkrupl jakhz`e ylhf ekrpljlh eackjuc
arflh`j dlh dlplt jufl bkrupl eackjuc lharflh`j. Jakhz`e ekrupljlh jailjtar
bkrupl skhylwl arflh`j(v`tle`h) ylhf bkr`jltlh skmlrl hah-javlckh dkhflh
khz`e.

Jakhz`e ]khylwl ylhf D`p`hdlojlh

<. To`le`h p`raiasilt Lcdko`dl

2. Iclv`h ldkh`h d`hujckat`dl (ILD) Ltae o`drafkh
3. H`jat`hle`dl ldkh`h @ah o`dr`dl (O-)
d`hujckat`dl (HLD)
4. Jakhz`e L Fufus ls`c
;. P`r`dajslc iasilt Fufus le`ha
9. ;‟-dkajs`ldkhas`cjablcle`h Ltae O dlh fufus lcj`c
(jakhz`e B<2)
7. B`as`t`h MA2
8. Tktrlo`draiaclt Fufus sltu-jlrbah cl`hhyl
9. Ldkhas`l tr`iasilt Fufus iasilt
<>. Iasialdkh`c sucilt Fufus sucilt

]kcl`h jailjtar ylhf bkrupl eackjuc arflh`j, ldl jufl jailjtar ylhf bkrupl
eackjuc lharflh`j. Jailjtar skhylwl arflh`j (`ah cafle) eke`c`j` `jltlh skmlrl
javlckh dkhflh khz`e.

Cafle Hlel Khz`e

Ik+2 dlh Ik+3 Ajs`dlsk s`tajrae, Jltlclsk, Pkrajs`dlsk

Mu+2 Ajs`dlsk s`tajrae
Pacyekrlsk DHL, Lho`drlsk jlrbah`j, Dko`drafkhlsk
Wh+2
lcjaoac

Okjsaj`hlsk, 9-iasiltlsk fcujasl

+2
Ef
Lrf`hlsk
Eh+2 J`hlsk p`ruvlt (jufl ekekrcujlh Ef+2)

J+ [rklsk
Rkdujtlsk h`trlt
H`+2
Pkrajs`dlsk fcutls`ah
Ea
]k

2.3. Cara Kerja Enzim

]kpkrt` d`jkclsjlh skbkcuehyl, blowl khz`e olhyl dlplt bkjkrjl dkhflh
substrlt ylhf tkplt. Khz`e bkjkrjl dkhflh mlrl ekhkepkc pldl pkreujllh eackjuc
zlt-zlt ylhf bkrkljs` dlh dkhflh dke`j`lh elepu ekepkrmkplt rkljs`. Pkrmkpltlh
tkrjld` jlrkhl khz`e ekhuruhjlh khkrf` pkhfljt`ilh ylhf dkhflh skhd`r`hyl ljlh
ekepkreudlo tkrjld`hyl rkljs`. ]kblf`lh bkslr khz`e bkjkrjl skmlrl jols, ylhf
bkrlrt` skt`lp khz`e olhyl dlplt bkjkrjl pldl sltu elmle skhylwl ltlu rkljs` j`e`l.
Olc `h` d`skblbjlh jlrkhl ldlhyl pkrbkdllh strujtur j`e`l t`lp khz`e ylhf bkrs`ilt
tktlp. ]kblfl` mahtao, khz`e α-le`clsk olhyl dlplt d`fuhljlh uhtuj pkraebljlh plt`
ekhjld` fcujasl.
Ldl dul tkar` ylhf ekhjkclsjlh blfl`elhl sultu khz`e dlplt bkjkrjl sksul`
dkhflh iuhfs`hyl pldl sultu prasks dlcle tubuo.
L. Teari Kunmi dan Fembaj

Pldl tlouh <89>-lh, Ke`c I`smokr ekeadkcjlh blowl khz`e t`dlj dlplt
bkjkrjl lplb`cl t`dlj bkrjl`tlh dkhflh substrlt ylhf ekepuhyl` bkhtuj spks`i`j
ltlu slel dkhflh s`s` ylhf ljt`i dlr` khz`e. Dlplt jufl d`jltljlh j`jl olhyl
substrlt ylhf eke`c`j` bkhtuj mamaj skmlrl spks`i`j ylhf b`sl bkroubuhflh
tkroldlp khz`e tkrskbut.
Tkar` `h` d`hleljlh tkar` juhm` dlh fkebaj. Olc `h` d`jlrkhljlh substrlt
d`uepleljlh fkebaj dlh khz`e d`pkruepleljlh skblfl` juhm`hyl. D`elhl
juhm` dlh fkebaj olrus dlr` eadkc ylhf slel sko`hffl eke`c`j` jkmamajlh
dkhflh s`s` ylhf slel lflr dlplt ekebujl. Tkar` mlrl jkrjl khz`e `h` eke`c`j`
jkjurlhflh yljh` tlj elepu ekhjkclsjlh blfl`elhl jkstlb`clh dlr` khz`e.
Jkstlb`clh tkrskbut d`dlplt jkt`jl pkrlc`olh t`t`j pldl rkljs` khz`e
B. Teari Kemamajan @ndujsi

Tkar` `h` d`jkeujljlh acko Dlh`kc Jasoclhd pldl tlouh <9;8. Ekhuruthyl,
s`s` ljt`i khz`e bkrs`ilt ickjs`bkc. Lj`blthyl, s`s` ljt`i khz`e dlplt bkrublo
bkhtuj ekhykhyul`jlh bkhtuj substrlt. Tkar` `h` sksul` dkhflh ekjlh`sek jkrjl
khz`e ylhf sksuhfuohyl. Rkljs` lhtlrl substrlt dlh khz`e bkrclhfsuf jlrkhl
ldlhyl
`hdujs` eackjuc substrlt tkroldlp eackjuc khz`e.
Ekhurut tkar` `h`, s`s` ljt`i khz`e eke`c`j` s`ilt ickjs`bkc dkhflh
strujtur substrlt. Jkt`jl substrlt ekelsuj` s`s` ljt`i khz`e, eljl khz`e ljlh
tkr`hdujs` dlh jkeud`lh ekhfublo bkhtujhyl skd`j`t sko`hffl ekhflj`bltjlh
pkrublolh s`s` ljt`i ylhf skeucl t`dlj mamaj ekhjld` mamaj. Jkeud`lh
tkrjld` pkhf`jltlh

substrlt acko
d`ckplsjlh. khz`eljlh
Khz`e ylhfjkeblc`
skclhjuthyl
pldl substrlt
jkldllh d`ublo
skeucl ekhjld`
dlh s`lppraduj
uhtujdlh skfkrl
ekhf`jlt
substrlt bkr`juthyl.
2.4. ]iiat – ]iiat Enzim
a. Biajatalisatar
Bkrs`ilt jltlc`sltar yl`tu khz`e ldlclo skhylwl jltlc`s ylhf ekepkrmkplt
skbulo rkljs` j`e`l tlhpl `jut bkrkljs`. ]kdlhfjlh khz`e bkrlslc dlr`
arflh`sek, eljl d`skbut jufl skblfl` b`ajltlc`sltar. Tlhpl jkold`rlh khz`e,
sultu rkljs` `tu slhflt sujlr tkrjld`. ]kekhtlrl dkhflh jkold`rlh khz`e
jkmkpltlh rkljs`hyl dlplt ekh`hfjlt slepl` <>7 jlc`. ]kblfl` mahtao, khz`e
jltlclsk ylhf ekhflhduhf `ah bks`(Ik) elepu ekhfurl`jlh ;.>>>.>>> eackjuc
o`drafkh pkrajs`dl(O2A2) pkr ekh`t pldl >M. O`drafkh pkrajs`dl olhyl
dlplt d`url`jlh acko ltae bks`, tktlp` sltu ltae bks` ljlh ekekrcujlh wljtu 3>>
tlouh uhtuj ekhfurl`jlh skjueclo eackjuc O2A2 ylhf acko sltu eackjuc jltlcsk
ekhflhduhf sltu ltae bks` d`url`jlh dlcle sltu dkt`j.
b. Termalabil
]trujtur dlr` sultu khz`e t`dlj cl`h ldlclo pratk`h, jlrkhl ljt`v`tls
jltlc`t`jhyl bkrflhtuhf pldl `htkfr`tls strujturhyl skblfl` pratk`h, wlclupuh ldl
bkbkrlpl skhylwl ylhf dlplt bkrt`hdlj skblfl` jltlc`s, e`slchyl RHL. D`elhl
s`ilt pratk`h ldlclo dlplt ruslj pldl suou ylhf tkrcleplu plhls ltlu d`skbut
jufl bkrs`ilt tkreaclb`c. Khz`e eke`c`j` suou apt`eue uhtuj dlplt
ekhjlclhjlh

tuflshyl. [euehyl pldl suou 37M. Khz`e ljlh `hljt`i pldl suou d`blwlo
<>M dlh ljlh ekhflcle` dkhlturls` pldl suou ckb`o dlr` 9>M. Tkrdlplt
pkhfkmulc`lh,
skpkrt` pldl jkcaepaj bljtkr` purbl, skpkrt` jkcaepaj ektolhafkh, ekrkjl
eke`c`j` khz`e ylhf bkjkrjl pldl suou d` 8>M.
m. ]pesiiij
Khz`e ljlh ekhf`jlt substrlt ylhf elepu uhtuj bkr`jltlh dkhflh s`s`
ljt`i khz`e. Olc tkrskbut d`jlrkhljlh s`s` ljt`ihyl ltlu pkreujllh tkeplt
ekckjlthyl substrlt olhyl mamaj dkhflh pkreujllh substrlt tkrtkhtu sljl. ]`ilt
spks`i`j khz`e
`h` d`jld`jlh skblfl` dlslr pkhlellh khz`e. Hlel khz`e jufl b`lslhyl d`leb`c
dlr` jkh`s substrlt ylhf d``jlt ltlu jkh`s rkljs` ylhf bkrclhfsuhf.
d. Bejerja Balaj Balij
Bkbkrlpl khz`e jkrjlhyl dlplt baclj blc`j. Khz`e ylhf ekekmlo skhylwl
L ekhjld` skhylwl B, jufl khz`e ekeblhtu rkljs` ekebkhtuj skhylwl B dlr`
skhylwl L. Mahtaohyl ldlclo khz`e c`plsk dlplt bkjkrjl uhtuj ekhfjltlc`s`s
eackjuc ckelj ekhjld` jaepahkh pkhyusuhhyl, yl`tu lsle ckelj dlh fc`skrac
skrtl dlplt jufl ekebkhtuj ckelj dlr` jaepahkh pkhyusuhhyl.
Ckelj ↔ fc`skrac + lsle ckelj
e. Tidaj Eenentujan Lrao Reajsi
Khz`e bujlhclo ylhf ekhkhtujlh jkelhl lrlo rkljs` tkrskbut ljlh bkrjlclh.
]khylwl ylhf ckb`o d`butuojlh `lclo pa`h dlr` lrlo skbulo rkljs` j`e`l. E`slchyl
tubuo jkjurlhflh fcujasl, eljl ljlh dlplt ekekmlo mldlhflh bkrupl fc`jafkh
dlh jufl skblc`jhyl.
i. Oanya Diperlujan dalam Gumlao ]edijit
Dlcle ekepkrmkplt rkljs` plst` ljlh ekekrcujlh khz`e. Gueclo khz`e
ylhf d`pljl` skblfl` jltlc`s t`dlj pkrcu blhylj. Olc `tu d`jlrkhljlh sltu eackjuc
khz`e dlplt bkjkrjl bkrjlc`-jlc`, lslcjlh eackjuc tkrskbut t`dlj ruslj.
 g. Eerupajan Kalaid
Khz`e tkrsusuh ltls jaepahkh pratk`h. Eljl dlr` `tu s`ilt-s`ilt khz`e
dlplt d`facahfjlh skblfl` jaca`d. Khz`e eke`c`j` pkreujllh lhtlr plrt`jkc ylhf
slhflt bkslr sko`hffl b`dlhf ljt`v`tlshyl jufl bkslr.
o. Eampu Eenurunjan Energi Ljtivasi
Khkrf` ljt`vls` sultu rkljs` ldlclo jueclo khkrf` dlcle jlcar` ylhf
d`pkrcujlh uhtuj ekeblwl skeul eackjuc pldl < eac skhylwl pldl suou
tkrtkhtu ekhuju t`hfjlt trlhs`s` pldl puhmlj bltls khkrf`. Lplb`cl sultu
rkljs` j`e`l d`tleblojlh jltlc`s yl`tu khz`e, eljl khkrf` ljt`vls` dlplt
d`turuhjlh dlh rkljs` ljlh bkrjlclh dkhflh mkplt.

2.5. Klasiiijasi Enzim

Tkrdlplt ckb`o dlr` 2>>> jkh`s khz`e bkrbkdl ylhf tkclo d`jktlou`. Jcls`i`jls`
khz`e dlplt d`facahfjlh ekhjld` bkbkrlpl. Pkhffacahflh khz`e dlplt d`bkdljlh
bkrdlslrjlh tkeplt bkjkrjlhyl, mlrl tkrbkhtujhyl, dlh jufl bkrdlslrjlh s`stke
pkhlellh khz`e `htkrhls`ahlc dlr` @[B.
L. Berdasarjan Tempat Bejerjanya
1) Endaenzim d`skbut jufl khz`e `htrlskcuckr, yl`tu khz`e ylhf bkjkrjlhyl d`
dlcle skc. [euehyl ekrupljlh khz`e ylhf d`fuhljlh uhtuj prasks s`htks`s
d` dlcle skc dlh uhtuj pkebkhtujlh khkrf`(LTP) ylhf bkrfuhl uhtuj prasks
jko`duplh skc, e`slchyl dlcle prasks rksp`rls`.
2) Ejsaenzim d`skbut jufl khz`e kjstrlskcuckr, yl`tu khz`e ylhf bkjkrjlhyl d`
culr skc. [euehyl bkriuhfs` uhtuj –ekhmkrhljlh― substrlt skmlrl o`drac`s`s,
uhtuj d`jld`jlh eackjuc ylhf ckb`o skdkrolhl dkhflh bkrlt eackjuc ckb`o
rkhdlo sko`hffl dlplt elsuj ekckwlt` ekebrlh skc. Khkrf` ylhf d`bkblsjlh
pldl rkljs` pkekmlolh substrlt d` culr skc t`dlj d`fuhljlh dlcle prasks
jko`duplh skc.
B. Berdasarjan Cara Terbentujnya
1) Enzim janstitutii, yl`tu khz`e ylhf jueclohyl d`pkhflruo` jldlr
substrlthyl. D` dlcle skc tkrdlplt khz`e ylhf ekrupljlh blf`lh dlr` susuhlh

s k c ha r e l c , s k o `h ff l kh z `e
p l dl s k c o ` d u p . V l clu p u h
tk r sk b u t sk c l cu l d l ue u e h y l d cl e ju e c l o t
d k e ` j `l h l d l k h z `e yl h f j u e cllo h yl d `p k h fl
k t l p jldlr substrlthyl, mahtaohyl skpkrt` khz`e le`clsk. ]kdlhfjlh
ru o `
khz`e-khz`e ylhf bkrpkrlh dlcle prasks rksp`rls`, jueclohyl t`dlj
d`pkhflruo` acko jldlr substrlthyl.
2) Enzim adaptii, ldlclo khz`e ylhf pkebkhtujlhhyl d`rlhfslhf acko ldlhyl
substrlt. Pkrublolh c`hfjuhflh e`jrabl dlplt ekhf`hdujs` tkrbkhtujhyl
khz`e tkrtkhtu. @hdujs` ekhykblbjlh jkmkpltlh s`htks`s sultu khz`e dlplt
d`rlhfslhf slepl` bkbkrlpl r`bu jlc`. ]kblfl` mahtao khz`e ldlpt`i ldlclo
khz`e β-flcljtas`dlsk ylhf dols`cjlh acko bljtkr` K.mac` ylhf d`tuebuojlh
d` dlcle ekd`ue ylhf ekhflhduhf cljtasl. Eucl-eucl K.mac` t`dlj dlplt
ekhffuhljlh cljtasl sko`hffl lwlchyl t`dlj hleplj ldlhyl pkrtuebuolh
dlh sktkclo bkbkrlpl wljtu blru ekhlepljjlh pkrtuebuolh. ]kclel ilsk
tkrskbut K.mac` ekebkhtuj khz`e β-flcljtas`dlsk ylhf d`fuhljlh uhtuj
ekraeblj cljtasl.
C. Berdasarjan ]istem Penamaan Enzim @nternasianal dari @[B
]`stke pkhlellh khz`e d`ltur acko @htkrhlt`ahlc [h`ah ai B`amoke`stry(@[B)
eucl` tlouh <99<. Jkeud`lh khz`e d`blf` ekhjld` 9 jkcaepaj bkrdlslrjlh rkljs`
ylhf d`jltlc`shyl.
1) Ajsiduredujtase, ekhfjltlc`s rkljs` rkdujs`-ajs`dls`(trlhsikr kckjtrah)
tkroldlp tkroldlp bkrblfl` fufus. Mahtaohyl skpkrt` fcujasl ajs`dlsk,
lcjaoac dko`drafkhlsk, dlh p`ruvlt o`drafkhlsk.
2) Transierase, ekhfjltlc`s bkrblfl` rkljs` trlhsikr fufus iuhfs`ahlc dlr`
eackjuc dahar jk eackjuc ljskptarhyl. ]lclo sltu subjkcaepaj khz`e
trlhsikrlsk ldlclo khz`e-khz`e j`hlsk ylhf ekhfkhdlc`jlh ektlbac`sek
dkhflh jlclh ekhtrlhsikr fufus iasilt dlr` LTP jk eackjuc cl`h.
Mahtaohyl skpkrt` trlhsekt`clsk, trlhslcdaclsk, dlh trlhsjktaclsk.
3) Oidralase, ekhfjltlc`s rkljs` pkhleblolh eackjuc l`r pldl sultu `jltlh,
ylhf jkeud`lh d`clhjutjlh dkhflh rkljs` pkhfurl`lh ltlu o`drac`s`s.
Mahtaohyl skpkrt` pratklsk, le`clsk, skcuclsk, pkjt`hlsk, dlh elctlsk.
4) Ciase, ekhfjltlc`s rkljs` pkhleblolh eackjuc l`r, leah`l, ltlu
jlrbahd`ajs`dl pldl sultu `jltlh rlhfjlp, ltlu jufl ekckplsjlh l`r, leah`l,
ltlu jlrbahd`ajs`dl dlh ekebkhtuj `jltlh rlhfjlp. Mahtaohyl p`ruvlt

dkjlrbajs`clsk.
@samerase, 5) hfjltlc`s bkrlfl` rkljs` `saekr`sls`, lhtlrl cl`h `saekr`sls` C
ekhjld` D, rkljs` eutls` (pkrp`h dlolh pas`s` sultu fufus), dlh cl`hhyl.
E`slchyl skpkrt` lclh`h rlskelsk.
9) Cigase, ekhfjltlc`s rkljs` d`elhl dul fufus j`e`l d`sltujlh ltlu d``jltjlh
(c`fls`) dkhflh ekhffuhljlh khkrf` ylhf bkrlslc dlr` LTP, tkrelsuj
d`lhtlrlhyl khz`e-khz`e ylhf ekhfjltlc`s pkebkhtujlh `jltlh M-A, M-],
M- H, M-M. Mahtaohl ldlclo t`aj`hlsk.
Ha Hlel Khz`e Gkh`s Rkljs` ]ubjkcls
Dko`drafkhlsk
Ajs`dlsk
Rkdujtlsk
< Ajs`durkdutlsk Pkrajs`dlsk
Jltlclsk
O`drajs`clsk
Trlhslcdaclsk
Trlhsjktaclsk
Iasiar`ctrlhsikrlsk
2
Trlhsikrlsk
J`hlsk
Iasiaeutlsk
Kstkrlsk
Fc`jas`dlsk
Pkpt`dlsk
Iasiltlsk
T`aclsk
3
O`draclsk
Iasiac`plsk
Le`dlsk
Dkle`hlsk
Rkbahujcklsk
 Dkjlrbajs`clsk
Lcdaclsk
O`drltlsk
4 C`lsk
Dko`drltlsk
]`htlsk

Kp`ekrlsk
Rlskelsk @saekrlsk
; @saekrlsk Eutlsk (t`dlj skeul)

]`htktlsk
Jlrbajs`clsk
9 C`flsk

2.9.Iajtar yang Eempengaruoi Kerja Enzim

Ljt`v`tls khz`e dlplt d`pkhflruo` acko bkbkrlpl iljtar. Ldl skt`dljhyl ; iljtar ylhf dlplt ekepkhflruo` jkrjl khz`e, yl`tu 7
a. ]uou

Jkrjl sultu khz`e slhflt

sl d`pkhflruo` acko suou c`hfjuhflhhyl. ]kt`lp
jkhl`jlh suou <>M, jkmkpltlh khz`e ljlh ekhjld` dul jlc` c`plt, slepl` bltls suou
tkrtkhtu. Khz`e dlh pratk`h pldl ueuehyl d`hahljt`ijlh acko suou t`hff`.
Khz`e bkrdlrlo

plhls dlh elhus`l bkjkrjl plc`hf ki`s`kh pldl suou 37M, skdlhfjlh khz`e okwlh
bkrdlrlo d`hf`h pldl suou 2;M. Pldl suou >M, khz`e ekhjld` t`dlj ljt`i dlh ljlh
jkeblc` ljt`i pldl suou harelc. Jkhl`jlh suou ckb`o clhjut ljlh ekhflj`bltjlh
ekhuruhhyl ljt`v`tls khz`e dlh pldl ljo`rhyl ekruslj khz`e.
b. Derajat Keasaman (pO)

Pkrublolh pO ljlh ekepkhflruo` jkmkpltlh rkljs` khz`e jlrkhl bkrublohyl

dkrljlt `ah`sls` fufus lsle dlh blsl dlr` khz`e. Khz`e ljlh bkjkrjl pldl pO
tkrtkhtu, ueuehyl pldl hktrlc, jkmulc` bkbkrlpl jkh`s khz`e ylhf dlplt bkjkrjl
 pldl sulslhl lsle ltlu sulslhl blsl. G`jl khz`e ylhf bkjkrjl apt`eue pldl pO
hktrlc d`tkepltjlh pldl sulslhl lsle ltlu blsl, khz`e tkrskbut t`dlj ljlh bkjkrjl ltlu blojlh ruslj dlh bkf`tu jufl skblc`jhyl.
m. Kansentrasi Enzim

]kelj`h t`hff` jahsktrls` khz`e, eljl jkmkpltlh rkljs` ljlh ekh`hfjlt o`hffl
bltls jahskhtrls` tkrtkhtu. Hleuh, ols`c o`drac`s`s substrlt ljlh jahstlh dkhflh
hl`jhyl jahskhtrls` khz`e. Dlplt d`jltljlh blowl jkmkpltlh rkljs` khz`elt`j
bkrblhd`hf curus dkhflh jahskhtrls` khz`e. Olc `h` d`skblbjlh pkhleblolh
khz`e sudlo t`dlj kikjt`i clf`.
d. Kansentrasi ]ubstrat

Jkmkpltlh rkljs` ylhf d`jltlc`s acko khz`e slhflt d`pkhflruo` acko

jahskhtrls` substrlt. Pldl jahskhtrls` substrlt ylhf slhflt rkhdlo, jkmkpltlh
rkljs` ylhf d`jltlc`s khz`e jufl slhflt rkhdlo. ]kblc`jhyl, jkmkpltlh rkljs` ljlh
ekh`hfjlt dkhflh ekh`hfjlthyl jahskhtrls` substrlt slepl` tkrmlpl` t`t`j tkrtkhtu,
yl`tu t`t`j bltls jkmkpltlh rkljs` eljs`eue. ]ktkclo t`t`j bltls, khz`e ekhjld`
jkhuo acko substrlthyl, sko`hffl t`dlj dlplt bkriuhfs` ckb`o mkplt.
Pkebltls jkmkpltlh
khz`elt`s `h` ldlclo jkmkpltlh pkhfurl`lh jaepckjs khz`e-substrlt ekhjld` praduj
dlh khz`e bkbls.
e. Ljtivatar dan @noibitar

Bkbkrlpl khz`e ekekrcujlh ljt`vltar dlcle rkljs` jltlc`shyl. Ljt`vltar

ldlclo skhylwl ltlu `ah ylhf dlplt ekh`hfjltjlh jkmkpltlh rkljs` khz`elt`s.
Mahtao dlr` ljt`vltar skpkrt` `ah cafle(Ml, Ef, H`, Eh, Mc) dlh flrle dlr` cafle
lcjlc` dlcle jkldllh khmkr yl`tu pldl jldlr 2%-;%.
 ]kdlhfjlh `ho`b`tar ekrupljlh sultu zlt j`e`l tkrtkhtu ylhf dlplt
ekhfoleblt ljt`v`tls khz`e. Pldl ueuehyl mlrl jkrjl `ho`b`tar ldlclo dkhflh
ekhykrlhf s`s` ljt`i khz`e sko`hffl khz`e t`dlj dlplt bkr`jltlh dkhflh
substrlt sko`hfl iuhfs` jltlc`t`jhyl tkrflhffu. @ho`bltar ldl 2 elmle, yl`tu
`ho`b`tar rkvkrs`bck dlh `ho`b`tar `rrkvkrs`bck.

@ho`b`tar rkvkrs`bck ldlclo `ho`b`tar ylhf dlplt bkjkrjl skmlrl blc`j. @ho`b`tar

`h` tkrblf` ekhjld` 2, yl`tu `ho`b`tar jaepkt`t`i dlh `ho`b`tar hah-jaepkt`t`i.

@ho`b`tar jaepkt`t`i ldlclo zlt pkhfoleblt ylhf eke`c`j` strujtur e`r`p dkhflh
substrlt dlh bkrjaepkt`s` uhtuj bkr`jltlh dkhflh s`s` ljt`i khz`e. @ho`b`tar `h` dlplt
d`o`clhfjlh dkhflh ekhleblo substrlt. ]kdlhfjlh `ho`bltar hah-jaepkt`t`i ldlclo
zlt pkhfoleblt ylhf tkr`jlt pldl s`s` lcaskhtr`j khz`e sko`hffl s`s` ljt`i khz`e
bkrublo. @ho`b`tar `h` t`dlj dlplt d`oclhfjlh dkhflh ekhleblo substrlt.

@ho`b`tar `rrkvkrs`bck ldlclo zlt pkhfoleblt ylhf bkjkrjl skmlrl t`dlj dlplt
blc`j. Wlt pkhfoleblt `h` bkr`jltlh jult dkhflh s`s` ljt`i khz`e sko`hffl bkhtuj
khz`e bkrublo. Ljt`v`tls jltlc`j khz`e ljlh ekhjld` bkrjurlhf. Olebltlh `h`
d`skblbjlh dkstrujs` ltlu ead`i`jls` fufus khz`e.

2.7. Eamam-Eamam Kelainan Enzim

Khz`e slhflt d`pkrcujlh uhtuj prasks ektlbac`sek. Pkhfkrt`lh ektlbac`sek

ldlclo rkljs`-rkljs` j`e`l ylhf tkrjld` dlcle tubuo uhtuj ekhfols`cjlh khkrf`,
tkrelsuj d`lhtlrlhyl pkekmlolh ckelj, jlrbao`drlt, dlh pratk`h. Jkt`jl pradujs`
khz`e tkrflhffu, eljl prasks ektlbac`sek d` dlcle tubuo puh ljlh `jut tkrflhffu.
Bkr`jut ldlclo bkbkrlpl jkh`s pkhylj`t ylhf d`skblbjlh jlrkhl jkcl`hlh khz`e.
a. Penyajit Iabry
Jko`clhflh khz`e d` c`sasae dlplt ekhflj`bltjlh pkhuepujlh zlt bkrlmuh
sko`hffl tkrjld` flhffulh ektlbac`j skpkrt` pkhylj`t Ilbry. Pkhylj`t `h` ldlclo
pkhylj`t fkhkt`jl ylhf jlrlhf bkrclju tktlp` ekrupljlh pkhylj`t skr`us ylhf
d`ols`cjlh dlr` pkh`ebuhlh ckelj ylhf d`skbut fcabatr`lasycmkrle`dk(FC-3)
dlcle pkebucuo dlrlo, f`hjlc, jlhtuhf, slrli, dlh arflh cl`hhyl. Pkhylj`t `h`
d`skblbjlh
acko jkjurlhflh khz`e α-flcljtas`dlsk. Fkjlclh pkhylj`t Ilbry ekc`put` dkele,
tubuo suc`t bkrjkr`hflt, d`lrk ltlu elclo skebkc`t, hykr`, jlj`, ltlu jkskeutlh d`
tuhfjl`.
b. Ieniljetanuria
Ikh`cjktahur`l ldlclo jkcl`hlh fkhkt`jl clhfjl ylhf ekhykblbjlh lsle
le`ha ylhf d`skbut ikh`clclh`h ekhuepuj d` dlcle tubuo. Jahd`s` `h`
d`skbkbjlh acko tkrjld`hyl jkmlmltlh pldl fkh ylhf ekeblhtu ekhm`ptljlh
khz`e ylhf d`butuojlh uhtuj ekekmlo ikh`clclh`h. Tlhpl khz`e pokhyclclh`hk
oydraxyclsk, tubuo t`dlj b`sl ekeprasks ikh`clclh`h dlh lj`blthyl ikh`clclh`h
ljlh ekhuepuj dlcle dlrlo dlh atlj. Iljtar pkhykblb pkhylj`t `h` ldlclo iljtar
jkturuhlh dlr` arlhf tul. Fkjlclhyl bkrupl jktkrbkcljlhflh ekhtlc, flhffulh
t`hfjlo clju, pkrtuebuolh ylhf cleblh, kp`ckps`, trkear, dlh blu lplj pldl
hlils, ur`hk, juc`t, ltlu rlebut.
c. Penyakit Tay-Sachs
Pkhylj`t `h` d`skblbjlh acko jurlhfhyl khz`e okxasle`h`dlsk L(Okx-L).
Khz`e `h` ekekmlo zlt ckelj ylhf d`skbut FE2 flhfc`as`dk dlcle skc-skc atlj.
Tlhpl khz`e tkrskbut, ckelj ekhuepuj d` skc-skc slrli dlh ekrusljhyl. Fkjlcl
pkhylj`t `h` dlplt bkrupl ldlhyl b`ht`j ekrlo d` eltl, tkrjld` jkjlhf, dlh jufl
o`clhfhyl iuhfs` pkhfc`oltlh skrtl pkhdkhflrlh.
d. Penyakit Maple Syrup Urine
Pkhylj`t Elpck ]yrup [r`hk ldlclo flhffulh ektlbac`sek ylhf d`skblbjlh
acko pkhuruhlh iuhfs` jaepckjs khz`e α-jktalm`d dkoydrafkhlsk. Fkjlcl
jcls`j Elpck ]yrup [r`hk D`sklsk(E][D) pldl bly` d`tlhdl` dkhflh blu s`rup
elpck pldl skruekh dlh l`r skh` pldl e`hffu-e`hffu pkrtlel. G`jl t`dlj d`ablt`,
bly` dlplt ekhflcle` cksu, jurlhf eljlh, flflc hlils, d``jut` acko jael dlh
jkelt`lh d`h` lj`blt pkebkhfjljlh atlj.
e. Penyakit Hurler
Pkhylj`t Ourckr d`skblbjlh acko khz`e dki`s`khs` α-<-`durah`dlsk.
Jkjurlhflh khz`e `h` dlplt ekhykblbjlh pkhuepujlh eackjuc eujapac`sljlr`dl.
Bly` dkhflh pkhylj`t `h` tleplj harelc sllt clo`r, tktlp` sktkclo khle buclh
wljlo bly` ljlh tkrc`olt jlslr. Pkebkslrlh olt` dlplt tkrlbl skrtl okrh`l
ueb`c`jlc`s dlh

`hfu`hlc`s euhfj`h euhmuc. Fkjlcl flhffulh jafh`t`i jufl dlplt tkrjld`, skpkrt`
jksuc`tlh bkrp`j`r dlh bkcljlr, jksuc`tlh bkrb`mlrl, dlh o`pkrljt`v`tls jkt`jl lhlj
ekelsuj` us`l blc`tl.
 BAB III
PENUTUP

3.1. Kesimpulan

Khz`e ldlclo skhylwl arflh`j ylhf eke`c`j` pkrlh skblfl` jltlc`s, yl`tu
uht ekepkrmkplt prasks dlh rkljs` j`e`l ylhf skdlhf bkrclhfsuhf. Khz`e
bkjkrjl skmlrl spks`i`j olhyl pldl sltu jkh`s substrlt. Hleuh, bkbkrlpl khz`e
dlplt bkjkrjl pldl bkbkrlpl jkh`s substrlt. Khz`e ekrupljlh pratk`h jaepckjs
ylhf slhflt bkrpkrlh pkht`hf blf` eljocuj o`dup. Blhylj jkh`s khz`e ylhf
d`tkeujlh, ylhf dlplt d`jcls`i`jls`jlh bkrdlslrjlh mlrl tkrbkhtujhyl, tkeplt
tkrbkhtujhyl, dlh jufl dlr` pkhlellhhyl ylhf ekhjld` 9 facahflh bkrdlslrjlh
@[B.

Ekjlh`sek jkrjl khz`e dlplt d`eadkcjlh ekclcu` tkar` juhm` fkebaj dlh
tkar` jkmamajlh `hdujs`. ]`ilt-s`ilt khz`e ljlh ekepkhflruo` blfl`elhl khz`e
dlplt bkjkrjl. Bkbkrlpl iljtar skpkrt` suou, pO, jahskhtrls` khz`e, jahskhtrls`
substrlt, dlh ldlhyl jt`vltar skrtl `ho`b`tar dlplt ekepkhflruo` jkrjl khz`e.
Jkcl`hlh dlr` bkbkrlpl jkh`s khz`e dlplt ekhykblbjlh tkrjld`hyl pkhylj`t-
pkhylj`t tkrtkhtu ylhf bkrblolyl dlh jufl dlplt ekhuruh jkpldl jkturuhlh
hlht`hyl.

3.2. Saran

Eljlclo ylhf skdkrolhl `h` okhdljhyl d`jld`jlh eat`vls` bkcljlr blf`

pkeblml uhtuj ekhfktlou` olc-olc ylhf bkrjl`tlh dkhflh khz`e, bl`j eucl` dlr`
pkhfkrt`lh, strujturhyl, blfl`elhl khz`e dlplt bkjkrjl, jcls`i`jls` khz`e, iljtar-
iljtar ylhf dlplt ekepkhflruo` jkrjl khz`e, dlh jufl pkhylj`t-pkhylj`t ylhf
d`skblbjlh acko jkcl`hlh khz`e. D`olrlpjlh pkeblml dlplt ekhfktlou` dlh
ekelole` dkhflh bl`j olc-olc ylhf bkrjl`tlh dkhflh khz`e, tkrckb`o clf` khz`e
ldlclo skhylwl ylhf slhflt pkht`hf blf` eljocuj o`dup.
 DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Vloyuh`, ]r`. (2><7). B`aj`e`l Khz`e dlh Jlrbao`drlt. Coajskuelwk 7 [h`elc Prkss.

]uolrl. (2>>8). Dlslr-Dlslr B`aj`e`l. Blhduhf7 Pr`sel Prkss.

]ue`ls`o, H. H., & Bud`lh`, H. H. (2><9). B`acaf` Dlslr dlh B`acaf` ^krjkeblhflh. Gljlrtl
]kcltlh7 Pusd`j ]DE Jkskoltlh.

Ylsudkvlh, D. E., & Yl`dylhltolh, J. (2><3). Tkxtbaaj ai B`amoke`stry iar Ekd`mlc

]tudkhts (]kvkht Kd`t`ah). Hkw Dkco`7 Glypkk Bratokrs Ekd`mlc Pubc`sokrs.

Dw`wlt`, ]. (2><3, Havkebkr 28). ]trujtur Khz`e. Rktr`kvkd Dkskebkr <<, 2>2>,
irae ottps:7//www.sc`dksolrk/hkt/eab`ck/sr`dw`wlt`/strujtur-khz`e.mae

Kdrl, R. (2><7, Havkebkr 9). ^khfkrt`lh dlh ]`ilt-]`ilt Khz`e. Rktr`kvkd Dkskebkr <2,
2>2>, irae bcaf.rulhffuru.mae

Iltr`l, G. (2>2>). C`el ^khylj`t Clhfjl @h` Lj`blt Jkcl`hlh Khz`e. Rktr`kvkd Dkskebkr <3,
2>2>, irae ottps7//www.jlcblrahc`hk.mae/2>2>/>8/<3/c`el-pkhylj`t-clhfjl-`h`-lj`blt-
jkcl`hlh-khz`e/lep/

Ckstlr`, D. (2><9, ]kptkebkr 7). ^khfkrt`lh dlh Mlrl Jkrjl Khz`e. Rktr`kvkd Dkskebkr <2,
2>2>, irae ottps7//www.s`swlpkd`l.mae/pkhfkrt`lh-dlh-mlrl-jkrjl-khz`e/1lep