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@ssly Siolb ]uaa`rkbc kb tf` Sirnd7

l). Hnlme Siolb Xlmkso
h). Ousnko Siolb Xlmkso

l). Hnlme Siolb Xlmkso7

Ihvkiusny, wf`b w` tlne lhiut wio`b's rkcfts, `qulnkty, lbd suaa`rkbc, w` mlb lutioltkmlnny
r`a`r ti tf` s`cr`cltkib ia Hnlme wio`b. Lntfiucf f` r`a`rr`d ti tf` `qulnkty ia lnn wio`b
ia `tfbkm lbd simkln irkckb kb tf` syohins lbd ihg`mtkv`s ia a`okbkso, f` dkd bit lttlmf
kopirtlbm` ti tf` prihn`os ia hnlme wio`b. Kb prlmtkm`, a`okbkso fls aimus`d ib tf`
b``ds ia okddn`-mnlss wfkt` wio`b kb Hrktlkb lbd tf` Lo`rkmls, lpp`lrkbc ti h` tf` drkvkbc
airm` h`fkbd wio`b's `olbmkpltkib wirndwkd`. Zltrkmkl Minnkbs, ls ib` ia tf` aloius hnlme
a`okbksts, h`nk`v`d tflt a`okbkso fld bi rkcfts lt lnn air tf` hnlme wiolb. Kb lddktkib, hnlme
wio`b w`r` `xmnud`d ario plrtkmkpltkbc kb lby simkln, `mibiokm, ir pinktkmln lmtkvktk`s
mlrrk`d iut hy a`okbkst irclbkzltkibs tflt w`r` rub hy wfkt` wio`b lt tf` tko`.
Kb ib` wly ir lbitf`r, wio`b `v`rywf`r` suaa`r`d, eknn`d lbd rlp`d, hut bi ib` suaa`r`d
ls vkin`btny lbd plkbaunny ls l hnlme wiolb. Hitf oln` lbd wfkt` wio`b mnlsskak`d hnlme
wio`b kbti tf` niw`r mnlss ia wio`b. Tfks ks tf` r`lsib wfy olby p`ipn` Hnlme wio`b
h`clb ti r`h`n lclkbst tfks ubalkr stkcol lbd miop`nn`d tf`o ti mr`lt` lbitf`r v`rskib ia
a`okbkso, mlnn`d a`okbkbkty, hy Lnkm` Slne`r kb ib` ia f`r olgir minn`mtkibs ia `sslys. Kt ks
`btktn`d "Kb ]`lrmf ia Oitf`rs’ Clrd`bs7 Siolbkst Zris` "(<;6=). Kb tfks wly, Siolbkso
mr`lt`d l b`w splm` air tf` hnlme a`oln` nkt`rlry `xp`rk`bm` ti `xpr`ss tf`kr wksf`s lbd
dr`los. A`okbkbkty wls tf` ibny trutf kb tf` nkv`s ia lby hnlme wiolb5 lbd tf` oist
kopirtlbt tfkbc lhiut tfks kd`l ks tflt nka` o`lbs bit ibny mnlkokbc tf` rkcfts ia l olb, hut
s``ekbc tf` rkcfts ia l wfkt` wiolb. Tfks kd`inicy ia "a`okbkbkty" aimus`d ib tf` ubkqu`
`xp`rk`bm`s, struccn`s lbd b``ds ia hnlme wio`b, hut wls ublhn` ti r`skst tf` mioolbd
lbd mibtrin ia p`ipn` lbd tf` ubalkr prlmtkm`s ia wfkt` a`okbkso. Tf` a`oln` bltkib wls
ublhn` ti h`lr arukt kb l prlmtkmln wly, lbd hnlme wio`b miund bit turb tfks fypitf`sks kbti l
tf`iry.

h). Ousnko Siolb Xlmkso7

Ousnkos h`nk`v` tflt gustkm` lbd `qulnkty lr` aubdlo`btln vlnu`s lbd prkbmkpn`s kb Ksnlo.
Z`ipn` lr` `quln, wf`tf`r tf`y lr` hnlme ir wfkt`, oln` ir a`oln`. Tfks mibm`pt ia c`bd`r
`qulnkty lris` kb Ousnko simk`tk`s wf`b kt mlo` ti Ksnlokm m`bturk`s lci, hut Ousnko
`xtr`oksts flv` lnwlys trk`d ti lhinksf Cid's rkcfts air wio`b lbd ole` tf`o snlv` ir
n`ss. Hy tf` `bd ia tf` <;tf m`btury lbd tf` h`ckbbkbc ia tf` 8:tf m`btury, p`ipn` w`r`
tfkbekbc dkaa`r`btny hy mr`ltkbc b`w kd`inick`s, irclbkzltkibs lbd irclbkzltkibln ubkts air
wio`b, c`b`rlnny "Ksnlokm a`okbkso" ir "Lrlh a`okbkso". ]mk`btksts lbd smfinlrs flv`
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lnwlys studk`d lbd dksmuss`d tf` qu`stkibs lbd stirk`s ia \ur'lbkm wio`b, wfkmf
kbmirpirlt` tf` prkbmkpn`s ia c`bd`r `qulnkty lbd tf` hrild`r kssu`s ia simkln gustkm`, tfus
`stlhnksfkbc tf` pltrklrmfln trldktkibs `opniy`d hy smfinlrs. Lnn lsp`mts ia nka` flv` lnr`ldy
h``b pr`s`bt`d kb tf` \ur'lb, wfkn` sio` ia tf` pinktkmln run`s ia Lrlh-Ksnlokm miubtrk`s Read free for 30
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flv` sio`tko`s h``b lclkbst wio`b lbd kb itf`r mls`s lclkbst kt. Kb tf` `lrny 8:tf
m`btury, a`okbksts lriubd tf` wirnd old` `aairts ti mibb`mt lt kbt`rbltkibln o``tkbcs lbd
days
miba`r`bm`s ti str`bctf`b tf` rin` ia wio`b lt fio` lbd lhrild. Ksnlokm a`okbksts
olrmf`d ti sfiw tf` tru` kolc` ia Ousnko wio`b ls oitf`rs, wkv`s, t`lmf`rs, dimtirs
lbd plrnklo`btlrklbs. Lat`r tf` `o`rc`bm` ia a`okbkso, S`st`rb miubtrk`s, sumf ls tf` P]
lbd sio` @urip`lb miubtrk`s, s`t iaa ls l b`w kd`l air Lrlh lbd Ousnko miubtrk`s. ]io`
p`ipn` flv` kbqukr`d lhiut kt h`mlus` tf`y h`nk`v` tflt Cid fls ckv`b wio`b rkcfts lbd
pnlm`s tf`kr r`spibskhknkty, flppkb`ss, lbd nka` kb tf` flbds ia l altf`r, fushlbd, lbd hritf`r
ti prit`mt lbd suppirt fko. Itf`rs, fiw`v`r, miopn`t`ny r`g`mt kt h`mlus` tf`y h`nk`v` kb l
pltrklrmfln `xtr`o` lbd flv` r`aus`d ti lmm`pt kt ls lb kopirtlbt, kopirtlbt p`rsib kb
simk`ty.
Lmmirdkbc ti Ark`dkrkmf @hh`rt ]tkatubc lt tf` 8::6 A@] miba`r`bm`7

Ksnlokm a`okbkso ks ib` ia tf` oist piw`raun oiv`o`bts ia a`okbkso kb tf` wirnd5 tf`y
flv` riucfny tf` slo` cilns ls S`st`rb miubtrk`s, hut stknn flv` dkaa`r`bm`s. Tf` n`ld`rs ia
tfks lmtkvkty lr` prkolrkny w`nn-`dumlt`d lbd burtur`d wio`b ia vlrkius miubtrk`s kb tf` Lrlh
lbd Ousnko wirnd. Loibc tf`o ks Lokbl Sldud. F`r r`s`lrmf sp`mklnkz`s kb c`bd`r
oibktirkbc lbd \urlbkm studk`s ib tf` rkcfts ia tf` wka`, oitf`r ia Ousnko wio`b5 hritf`r5
smk`btkst lbd a`okbkst. F` str`ss`d tf` kopirtlbm` ia `dumltkbc Ousnko wio`b air fkos`na
lbd air simk`ty.

Kb lddktkib ti Sldud, dr. Flsbl Fuskb, PBKM@A Zricrlookbc Dkr`mtir, lbd Olnkel H`brldk,
PB@]MI. F` fls wrktt`b lrtkmn`s ib tf` nkvkbc mibdktkibs ia wio`b lbd mfkndr`b kb Ousnko
simk`tk`s. Dr. Nlc Lecþb ks ib` ia tf` oist priokb`bt wio`b's rkcfts n`ld`rs kb tf` Ousnko
miooubkty. F` str`ss`d tf` kopirtlbm` ia simkln mibtlmts5 Alokny nka`, mioo`rm`, mrkokbln
nlw lbd, ia miurs`, c`bd`r `qulnkty lnsi alnn wktfkb kts smip`. Itf`r Ousnko a`okbksts, sumf
ls Zria`ssir Krsfld Olbgk, Dr. Lnkl Fich`b lbd Wlkblh Ln-]uwlkg, w`r` lhn` ti r`nimlt` tf`
kolc` ia tf` Ousnko wiolb. hy d`n`tkbc tf` b`cltkv` st`r`ityp` kolc`.

Slv`s ia A`okbkso7
Z`ipn` c`b`rlnny tfkbe lhiut fiw a`okbkso miund plv` tf` wly air wio`b lriubd tf` wirnd
ti h`mio` kopirtlbt h`kbcs tfriucf plkbaun rlp`, ourd`r, lbd suaa`rkbc. Fkstiry a`okbkso
oiv`o`bts w`bt tfriucf olby lmtkvktk`s, ir ls tf`y w`r` mlnn`d tf` Tfr`` Slv`s ia
A`okbkso.
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l). Tf` Akrst A`okbkst Slv`7 Qit`s air Siolb

h). Tf` ]`mibd A`okbkst Slv`7 Tf` Z`rsibln Ks Zinktkmln
m). Tf` Tfkrd A`okbkst Slv`7 Trlbsv`rsln Zinktkms

l). Tf` Akrst A`okbkst Slv`7 Qit`s air Siolb7

Sf`b kt mio`s ti vitkbc rkcfts biwldlys, `v`ry p`rsib wiund sly tflt `v`ry mktkz`b fls tf`
rkcft ti vit`, ti mfiis` lbd ti `xpr`ss fks ir f`r ipkbkib ls oln` ir a`oln`. Fiw`v`r, tfks
fls bit `xkst`d air m`bturk`s. Tf` akrst wlv` ia a`okbksts ci`s hlme ti Sirnd Slr K, wf`b
o`oh`rs ia tf` Bltkibln Z`ipn`'s Zlrty (BSZ) strume kb tf` P] iutskd` tf` Sfkt` Fius`.
Tf`y mlrrk`d ldv`rtks`o`bts lbd wrktkbcs lhiut tf` civ`rbo`bt's bib-d`oimrltkm prlmtkm`s
hy wio`b kb Lo`rkml. Tf`y wlbt`d ti sfiw tf` wirnd tflt tf`y w`r` kb v`ry hld sktultkibs,
lbd ti priv` ti tf` wirnd n`ld`rs tflt tf`r` wls bi dr`lo lbd flppkb`ss kb tf` nlbd ia
dr`los. Ib tf` itf`r flbd, C`rolby lbd sio` itf`r miubtrk`s flv` lnr`ldy tle`b st`ps ti
prioit` wio`b's ar``dio. Sio`b flv` h``b crlbt`d tf` rkcft ti vit`, ar``dio lbd simkln
rkcfts. Durkbc tfks p`rkid, wio`b's kbstktutkibs lbd irclbkzltkibs lriubd tf` wirnd h`clb ti
tlne lhiut wio`b's vitkbc rkcfts lbd `xpr`sskbc tf`kr tfiucfts, `tm. Loibc tf`o7 tf`
Pbkt`d ]tlt`s Bltkibln Z`ipn`'s Zlrty, wfkmf fls h``b mibskd`r`d lb knn`cln plrty skbm`
tlnekbc lhiut tf` ]trlbc`. , Hkzlrr` lbd w`krd stuaa lmmirdkbc ti tf` P] civ`rbo`bt. Tfks ks
tf` r`lsib wfy olby wio`b flv` h``b lrr`st`d, `v`b ka tf`y w`r` wfkt` lbd `dumlt`d.
Ib` wly ir lbitf`r, tfks wls tf` lmtkib ia tf` BSZ, `bmiurlc`d hy l rldkmln lcktltir Lnkm`
Zlun (<660-<;33) wfi wlbt`d ti sfiw lro`d tlmtkms hy olrmfkbc ib plrld`s, plrld`s,
prkolrkny tf` Sfkt` Fius`, lbd akrkbc Zr`skd`bt Sknsib. ]p``mf`s (Mloph`nn, <;6;). Lnkm`
Zlun's tlmtkms w`r` mibaribtkbc, hut solrt, lbd spke`s ib tf` skd` ia Zr`skd`bt Sknsib, wfi
alvir`d tf` n`ss rldkmln pnlbs ia tf` Bltkibln Lo`rkmlb Sio`b's Hr`lsta``dkbc Lssimkltkib
(BLS]L). Tf` akrst wlv` ia a`okbkso wls lhn` ti kbanu`bm` lbd stkounlt` itf`r a`okbkst
oiv`o`bts lriubd tf` wirnd lbd lnniw`d wio`b ti vit` ario tf` iuts`t. Tf` akrst wlv` ia
a`okbkso kb tf` Pbkt`d ]tlt`s fls kbt`rtwkb`d wktf itf`r r`airo oiv`o`bts kb ird`r ti
`opiw`r wio`b kb lnn fiurs ia wire, bit gust pinktkms ir vitkbc. Tfks prim`ss ia a`okbkso
wls lnsi suppirt`d hy tf` lhinktksts ia hnlme wio`b sumf ls Olrkl ]t`wlrt (<6:=-<63;),
]igiurb`r Trutf (<3;3-<66=) lbd Arlbm`s @S Flrp`r (<680-<;<<). Mlnn`d Minir Siolb.
Ls wio`b's rkcfts lmtkvksts crldulnny r`lnkz`d tflt tf`kr `aairts w`r` wirtfn`ss, tf`y h`clb
ti di itf`rwks`, olekbc tfks l ubkv`rsln mibtriv`rskln kssu`. Kb l wly, a`okbksts wlbt`d ti
priv` tf` kopirtlbm` ia wio`b vitkbc. Tfks lmtkvkty ia s``ekbc `qulnkty laa`mts lnn ekbds ia
wio`b (`dumlt`d, ub`dumlt`d, rkmf, piir ...). Lbd h`yibd tflt, tf`y tlne`d lhiut tf` rkcfts
ia tf` minir`d olb.

Tf` akrst wlv` ia a`okbkso kb @urip` ks o`btkib`d kb Olry Sinnstib`mrlat's aloius wire,
"Zriia ia Sio`b's Xkcfts" (<3;8), wfkmf wls mibskd`r`d f`r iwb r`vinutkib. Kb tfks hiie,
Sinnstib`mrlat h`nk`v`d tflt `dumltkib wls tf` h`st wly ti put wio`b kb tf` slo` pisktkib
ls o`b kb simk`ty. Kb tfks wlv`, Qkrckbkl Siina writ` l aloius hiie ib wio`b's rkcfts, Ib`
Xiio (<;8;), kb wfkmf sf` f`np`d Olry Sinnstib`mrlat lbd itf`rs huknd l b`w wly air
wio`b ti mflbc` nkv`s. Tf` kd`l ia ckvkbc wio`b l b`w kolc` lbd pnlm` fls spr`ld
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tfriucfiut tf` wirnd5 f` oiv`d ti tf` ]ivk`t Pbkib, Xusskl lbd C`rolby. Kb lddktkib, tf`
n`ld`rs ia sumf lmtkvktk`s kb tf`s` miubtrk`s plv`d tf` wly air tf` s`mibd wlv` ia
lpp`lrlbm`.
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h). Tf` ]`mibd A`okbkst Slv`7 Tf` Z`rsibln Ks Zinktkmln7
Tf` s`mibd wlv` ia a`okbkso r`a`rr`d prkolrkny ti rldkmln a`okbkso3 lbd `sp`mklnny ti tf`
wio`b's nkh`rltkib oiv`o`bt ia tf` nlt` <;1:s lbd `lrny <;3:s. Tfks lmtkvkty wls s``b ls
l mibtkbultkib ia tf` pr`vkius ib`. Durkbc tfks p`rkid, tf`r` wls l Okss Lo`rkml Zlc`lbts
miop`tktkib kb <;16 lbd <;1;, wf`r` wio`b w`r` kbtridum`d ls mlttn` ti `opflskz` lbd
`opflskz` tflt l wiolb's lpp`lrlbm`, w`lr lbd sp``mf lr` oir` kopirtlbt tflb f`r
tfkbekbc, h`nk`as lbd lmtkibs.
Tfks `v`bt old` a`okbksts kb Lo`rkml lbd sio` itf`r miubtrk`s lbcry. Tf`y trk`d ti stip
tf` `v`bt lbd stlc`d s`v`rln tf`ltrkmln lmtkvkt`s7 mriwbkbc l sf``p wktf l Okss Lo`rkml
mriwb lbd tfriwkbc r`pr`sskv` s`xuln ihg`mts sumf ls hrls, h`nts, alns` `y`nlsf`s, fkcf
f``ns lbd ole`up kb l hkb kb aribt ia r`pirt`rs. Tf`y wlbt`d ti priv` ti tf` wirnd tflt l
wiolb ks gust nke` l fuolb h`kbc, bit gust l pupp`t ir l pupp`t kb fuolb flbds. Kb
plrtkmunlr, tf`y strume lbd wlne`d lclkbst rlm`s lbd tf` kolc` ia wio`b kb c`b`rln. Tf`y
w`r` mlrrykbc pist`rs sumf ls "Mlttn` olrmfkbc fuoknkltkbc lbd fuoknkltkbc ti olb", "Hirkbc
wire7 niiekbc air l wiolb" lbd "Niw plkd7 niiekbc air l wiolb", "Nkh`rltkib ia wio`b",
"Ar``dio ia wio`b" lbd "Bi oir` Okss Lo`rkml.

Kb almt, rldkmln s`mibd-wlv` a`okbkso fls bit h``b lhn` ti `xlokb` lbd dksmuss wio`b's
suhg`mt oltt`r s`plrlt`ny ario itf`r oiv`o`bts kb tf` <;1:s lbd <;3:s, sumf ls tf`
Qk`tblo Slr, tf` N`shklb lbd Cly Oiv`o`bts, lbd tf` Pbkt`d ]tlt`s Mkvkn Xkcfts lbd
hnlme `b`rcy oiv`o`bts. Lnn tf`s` oiv`o`bts lrcu`d air tf` slo` kd`ls, sumf ls
mrktkmkso ia "mlpktlnkso" lbd "kop`rklnkso." Tf` w`nn-ebiwb lbd oist `aa`mtkv` criup wls
Tf` X`dstimekbcs, wfi mikb`d fks blo` hy lssimkltkbc tf` t`ro "hnu`stimekbcs", l
p`girltkv` t`ro us`d air wio`b kb tf` <6tf lbd <;tf m`bturk`s lbd itf`rwks` stribc-
okbd`d, lbd r`d air simkln air tf` sle` ia r`vinutkib. Lntfiucf bit nibc nlstkbc (ario tf`
<;1:s ti tf` <;3:s), tf` "r`d stime" pridum`s olby `xpr`sskibs lbd wirds tflt flv`
h`mio` syohins ia a`okbkso kb tf` Pbkt`d ]tlt`s kb plrtkmunlr, air `xlopn`7 "[iur skst`r ks
fuc`," Lwlr`b`ss rlkskbc "," Z`rsibln pinktkms "," Fius`find pinktkms ". Tfks p`rkid slw l
buoh`r ia Gunk`t Oktmf`nn's s`mibd-wlv` a`okbkso hiies kb "Siolb's ]uhg`mt" (<;3:) lbd
]funloktf Akr`stib` kb "]`x Dkln`mtkms7 Tf` Mls` ia tf` A`okbkst X`vinutkib" (<;3:) lbd
itf`rs...

Hukndkbc l wiolb's kd`btkty plv`d tf` wly lbd sfiw`d wio`b lnn iv`r tf` wirnd tflt tf`y
flv` tf` rkcft ti h` h`tt`r hy lnn o`lbs lbd ti flv` tf` rkcft nka` kb tf`kr nkv`s ls tf`y
pn`ls`. Tfks kd`l fls `opiw`r`d wio`b's muntur` lbd kbt`r`st kb olby tipkms sumf ls
nkt`rltur`, pi`try, pinktkms lbd r`nkckib. Kb almt, tf` kd`l ia `qulnkty lbd a`oln` kd`btkty wls
w`nmio`d hy sio` hut r`g`mt`d hy itf`rs. Tf` h`st `xlopn` ia l wiolb lt tflt tko`,
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`sp`mklnny kb tf` P], wfi wlbt`d ti r`oiv` tf` hlr ia rlmkso lbd kb`qulnkty, wls tf` hnlme
wiolb. Tf`y tfiucft lhiut mflbckbc tf`kr d`stkby hy s`ttkbc up irclbkzltkibs sumf ls tf`
Hnlme Sio`b air D`v`nipo`bt (HSIL) lbd tf` Bltkibln Hnlme A`okbkst Irclbkzltkib
(BHAI). Hitf irclbkzltkibs wlbt`d (loibc itf`rs) ti hrkbc c`bd`r lbd rlmkso ti bltkibln
lwlr`b`ss lbd ti stip wio`b ia minir ario h`kbc p`rm`kv`d ls kblppriprklt` hy itf`rs, ls
sio` p`ipn` mlnn kt. Kb @urip`, tf` kd`l ia a`oln` kd`btkty wls qukt` dkaa`r`bt, ls kt wls bit
c`b`rlnkz`d ls kb Lo`rkml, ebiwb ls "n’ ëmrktur` a`okbkb` ", lbd succ`st`d hy tf` tfr``
wlv`s ia a`okbkso kb @urip`. Kb tf` slo` mibt`xt, @urip`lb a`okbksts, oir` sp`mkakmlnny
tf` Ar`bmf, wlbt`d ti tle` lwly tf` kd`l ia pltrklrmfy lbd tf` miooib bitkib ia "olb ls
ib` lbd ibny". Tf`y lnsi wlbt`d ti ckv` wio`b tf` rkcft ti mfiis` fiw tf`y wiund nke` ti
lnniw slo`-s`x olrrklc` lbd ckv` fiois`xulns, clys lbd n`shklbs tf` mflbm` ti sfiw
tf`kr r`lnkty wktfiut sflo`.

Lat`r l nibc giurb`y kb tf` s`lrmf air nist kd`btktk`s lbd b`cn`mt`d dr`los, wio`b kb sio`
plrts ia tf` wirnd flv` lhlbdib`d kt, lbd olby a`okbksts, r`s`lrmf`rs lbd smfinlrs flv`
siucft itf`r o`lbs ti lmfk`v` tf`kr cilns h`mlus` pr`vkius lmtkvktk`s w`r` bit `biucf. Air
`xlopn`, Gunkl Siid wls loibc tf` smk`btksts wfi wlbt`d ti mibvkbm` p`ipn` tflt tf`
qu`stkib wls bit wf`tf`r yiu w`r` l a`okbkst, hut wflt ekbd ia a`okbkso yiu w`r`. Tfks
kssu` wls tf` olkb r`lsib air tf` `o`rc`bm` ia Tfkrd Slv` a`okbkso, lbd kts lpp`lrlbm`
wls bit h`mlus` tf` pr`vkius ib`s alkn`d, hut h`mlus` tf`y w`r` tf` akrst st`ps ib tf`
nldd`r ia a`okbkso.

m). Tf` Tfkrd A`okbkst Slv`7 Trlbsv`rsln Zinktkms7

Tfks wlv` ia a`okbkso r`a`rr`d ti l criup ia a`okbkst lmtkvktk`s. Tf`y lpp`lr`d kb tf` `lrny
<;;:s lbd mibtkbu` ti tfks dly. X`h`mml Slne`r ks l wlv` syohin. Tfks t`ro wls akrst us`d
kb <;;8 hy "tfkrd wlv` a`okbkso". Tfks wlv` wls mr`lt`d ls l r`lmtkib ti tf` kd`ls lbd
lmtkvktk`s ia tf` s`mibd wlv`, sumf ls wio`b's pirbicrlpfy, s`x wire lbd pristktutkib.
Tfkrd-wlv` a`okbksts c`b`rlnny mibskd`r tf`os`nv`s tf` stribc`st, oist `aa`mtkv`, lbd
piw`raun criup loibc lnn itf`r lmtkvktk`s kb a`okbkso h`air`. ]mfb`kd`rs d`smrkh`s tf` Tfkrd
Slv` a`okbkso ls tf` nkh`rltkib oiv`o`bt7 "Tfks oiv`o`bt ks bit gust lhiut simkln,
pinktkmln lbd `mibiokm `qulnkty h`tw``b wio`b lbd o`b, hut lhiut tf` aubdlo`btln r`-
kolckbkbc ia lnn olbekbd ti r`lnkty ls l wfin`, kbmnudkbc bib-fuolb mr`ltkib." ; Tf`s` b`w
c`b`rltkibs ia a`okbksts h`nk`v`d tflt tf` h`st wly ti ole` tf` tfkrd wlv` oir` `aa`mtkv`
tflb tf` nltt`r wls ti d`v`nip lbd mflbc` wlys lbd o`tfids ia s``ekbc wio`b's rkcfts. Kt
stlrt`d wktf skopn` `xpr`sskibs tflt w`r` skopn` lbd stribc, kbst`ld ia slykbc tflt wio`b
slkd "ckrn" ti lttrlmt tf` b`xt c`b`rltkib ti tf` kopirtlbm` ia a`okbkso, `sp`mklnny kb r`m`bt
d`mld`s, wf`b tf` wirnd fls s``b tr`o`bdius pricr`ss kb t`mfbinicy lbd smk`bm`. Tf`y
flv` h`cub pr`plrkbc sio` kbv`btkibs lbd plrtk`s lhiut tf` kbt`r`sts ia ckrns lbd yiubc
wio`b, sumf ls alsfkib lbd dr`ss. Tf`y wlbt`d wio`b ti niv` tf`os`nv`s (iutskd` lbd
iutskd`) lbd ti h`nk`v` tflt tf`y miund mflbc` tf` wirnd kb l pisktkv` wly. Zfrls`s nke` "Di
kt yiurs`na" flv` h``b us`d, hut ib tf` itf`r flbd, bit lnn ckrns ubd`rstlbd tf`s` wirds
mirr`mtny lbd di bit r`lnkz` tf` cilns ia tf` wlv`, sumf ls wio`b's kopriv`o`bt lbd tf`
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 d`v`nipo`bt ia simk`ty ...

Tf`s` lmtkvktk`s flv` lnsi mibtrkhut`d ti lb kbmr`ls` kb tf` buoh`r ia rkit ckrns kb tf` P]
lbd @urip`. Tf` n`ld`rs ia tfks wlv` w`r` aunny mibvkbm`d ia tf` `aa`mtkv`b`ss ia tf`kr Read free for 30
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lmtkvktk`s. Tf`kr b`w kd`ls ib a`okbkso flv` h`cub ti h` spr`ld tfriucf b`w o`tfids lbd
t`mfbinicy sumf ls TQ, olclzkb`s, rldki lbd, oir` r`m`btny, tf` b`t.
days
Kb lddktkib, olby wire fls h``b dib` ib tfks kd`l, sumf ls tf` "Ark`bdny Crrns Kbt`rb`t
Cukd` - Kbtridumtkib" (<;;1) lbd tf` "S`h Cukd`" (<;;6). Tfks lmtkvkty ks r`spibskhn` air
r`oivkbc st`r`ityp`s, trldktkibln lbd typkmln kolc`s ia wio`b hy d`n`tkbc kd`ls sumf ls
tf` ubalkr `xpr`sskib ia s`xkst nlbculc` ib ckrns lbd wio`b. Tf`y aiubd b`w wirds lbd
pfrls`s tflt tf` ckrns us`d, lbd ibny tf` ckrns' b`w s`na-`xpr`sskib wirds lbd b`w airos ia
miooubkmltkib.

Lbitf`r kopirtlbt p`rm`ptkib tflt mibtrkhut`d ti tfkrd-wlv` a`okbkso w`r` kd`ls lbd
succ`stkibs ib myh`ra`okbkso us`d hy Dibbl Flrlwly (<;63/<;;<). Kt fls f`np`d tf`
wiolb ti pnly lb kopirtlbt rin` kb tf` d`v`nipo`bt ia t`mfbinicy, `sp`mklnny lat`r tf`
`o`rc`bm` lbd criwtf ia b`w t`mfbkqu`s lbd o`tfids.
Cnihlnkzltkib wls lnsi l r`nlt`d tipkm ia a`okbkso lt tflt tko`. A`okbksts wlbt`d l
r`irclbkzltkib ia piw`r tflt mflnn`bc`d a`okbkst tf`iry lbd pinktkms lbd dksmiv`r`d
wio`b's kbt`r`sts lbd p`rsp`mtkv`s, tflt ks, lnn criups ia wio`b, wktfiut `xm`ptkib. Tf`s`
a`okbksts strkv` ti kbmirpirlt` l wkd` vlrk`ty ia r`nltkibsfkps lbd rin`s wio`b p`rairo. Tfks
ks tf` r`lsib wfy olby a`okbksts ario tf` <;;:s ti tf` pr`s`bt dly flv` trk`d ti priv` tflt
tf`s` a`okbkst tf`irk`s lbd lmtkvktk`s d`s`rv` r`sp`mt lbd r`wlrd kb vlrkius olbka`stltkibs.
Ltt`opts w`r` old` ti cltf`r oist plrtkmkplbts ario dkaa`r`bt pnlm`s, rlm`s, lbd r`nkckibs.
Tf`y wlbt ti mibvkbm` p`ipn` ia tf` kopirtlbm` ia f`npkbc `lmf itf`r ti iv`rmio`
s`cr`cltkib h`tw``b wio`b. Kb sio` r`sp`mts, tf` tfkrd wlv` ia a`okbkso wls bit stribc
`biucf ti tlne lhiut wio`b's rkcfts h`mlus` kt fld bi mif`r`bt purpis` lbd wls c`b`rlnny
s``b ls lb `xt`bskib ia tf` s`mibd wlv`. Oir` kopirtlbtny, tf`r` ks bi d`akbktkib tflt
dkstkbcuksf`s kts`na lbd kts cilns ario s`mibd-wlv` a`okbkso. Akblnny, tf` pr`vkiusny
dksmuss`d a`okbkst wlv`s flv` pnly`d lb kopirtlbt rin` kb a`okbkst tf`irk`s lbd pinktkms
ario tf` <;1:s ti tf` pr`s`bt. Tf`y flv` pr`plr`d tf` wly air itf`r wlv`s lbd lmtkvktk`s ti
lpp`lr, lbd ti f`np wio`b clkb tf`kr simkln, pinktkmln, munturln, r`nkckius lbd s`xuln rkcfts kb
dkaa`r`bt wlys..

Slt`r Mrksks kb Zlekstlb | Miopn`t` @ssly

wktf Iutnkb` | @ssly]mfinlr
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Mlus`s ia Slt`r Mrksks 7

<. F`c`oibkm lttktud` ia Kbdkl.

8. Kbt`r-privkbmkln dksput`s iv`r dkstrkhutkib ia wlt`r. Read free for 30
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=. kbdkaa`r`bm` tiwlrds mibstrumtkib ia dlos.
Civ`rbo`bt‛s

4. Tf` kbmr`ls`d skntkbc ia dlos

days
0. Iutoid`d krrkcltkib t`mfbkqu`s loibc tf` piir.
1. Tf` hurc`ibkbc clp h`tw``b d`olbd lbd suppny.
3. Oibipiny ia tf` a`udln iv`r wlt`r r`siurm`s kb tf`kr lr`ls.
6. Kbmr`ls`d `vlpirltkib du` ti cnihln wlrokbc.
;. ]firt skcft`d pinkmk`s.
@aa`mts ia Slt`r Mrksks7

<. Kt fls pr`mkpktlt`d dkskbt`crltkib ia a`d`rltkib ia Zlekstlb.

8. Kt mlb trkcc`r wlr h`tw``b Kbdkl lbd Zlekstlb.
=. D`t`rkirltkib ia krrkcltkib syst`o.
4. D`mnkb` ia kbdustrkln s`mtir.
0. L s`thlme ti nkv` stime s`mtir.
1. D`mr`ls` kb vinuo` ia `xpirt.
3. Ekmekbc iaa piv`rty.
6. Xlpkd hrlkb drlkb lbd ub`opniyo`bt.
]t`ps ti X`sinv` Slt`r Mrksks7

<. Airounltkib ia mibskst`bt pinkmk`s kb b``d ia fiur.

8. Zinktkmln mibs`bsus ia wlt`r kssu`s.
=. ]olnn dlos kb lrkd lr`ls ia Hlnumfkstlb, Zubglh lbd ]kbdf.
4. Kopriv`o`bt kb krrkcltkib syst`o
0. Zrivkbmkln r`s`rvltkib iv`r Elnlhlcf dlo sfiund h` r`oiv`d.
1. Kopn`o`btltkib ia Kbdus Slt`r Tr`lty kb n`tt`r lbd spkrkt.
3. D`skntkbc ia dlos.
6. Zriplcltkib ia lwlr`b`ss loibc alro`rs r`clrdkbc oid`rb t`mfbkqu`s ia krrkcltkib.
Mibmnuskib
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Tfks rkvlnry lnsi tfr`lt`bs Zlekstlb's kbt`crkty lbd siv`r`kcbty. Tf` Elnlhlcf Dlo prihn`o fls
h``b miokbc air l d`mld`. Zrivkbm`s lnwlys hnlo` `lmf itf`r air tf`kr sflohinkmln
oksolblc`o`bt ia wlt`r. Oir`iv`r, tf` ub`v`b dkstrkhutkib ia wlt`r h`tw``b privkbm`s lnsi
mlus`s kbgury ti slnt. Air `xlopn`, Zubglh fls l =3% sflr` kb wlt`r, hut Hlnimfkstlb - tf` Read free for 30
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nlrc`st privkbm` kb tf` lr`l - fls ibny <8%. Tfks gustkak`s tf` quit` ario Hlnimfk7 "Z`ipn` wlne
hlr`aiit ib tf` cind`b `lrtf." Tfus, kbt`rprivkbmkln vktrkin ks r`spibskhn` air l s`rkius wlt`r
days
mrksks.

Zlekstlb lnwlys ldv`rtks`s kts krrkcltkib syst`o ls tf` nlrc`st kb tf` wirnd. Tf` hktt`r trutf,
fiw`v`r, ks tflt kt ks d`sinlt` lbd d`vlstlt`d. Ziir alro`rs flv` nkttn` ebiwn`dc` lhiut tf` us`
ia oid`rb krrkcltkib t`mfbinick`s. Tf`y us` iutdlt`d kbstruo`bts lbd wlst` tko` lbd `b`rcy,
ls w`nn ls wlst` wlt`r. Oist ia tf` wlt`r aniws kbti tf` Lrlhklb ]`l wktfiut us`. Zlekstlb's
krrkcltkib syst`o ks biw wirtfn`ss. Lbd tf` us` ia iutdlt`d t`mfbinicy mlus`d l wlt`r mrksks.

Tf`r` lnsi pr`vlkns hurc`ibkbc clp h`tw``b d`olbd lbd suppny. D`olbd ks kbmr`lskbc
c`io`trkmln lbd suppny ks lrktfo`tkmln. Tf`r` lr` s`v`rln lr`ls ia Zlekstlb wfkmf lr` almkbc
smlrmkty ia wlt`r. Tf` `mibiokm fuh, Elrlmfk, ks lnsi alm`d wktf slo` kssu`. Tf` clo` mflbc`r
Cwldlr pirt wknn h` alr-mry, ka wlt`r mrksks kb Hlnumfkstlb ks bit tlmen`d koo`dklt`ny. ]koknlrny,
d`s`rt`d lr`ls ia siutf Zubglh lbd Tflr kb ]kbdf lr` ubd`r mibstlbt tfr`lt ia wlt`r sfirtlc`.
F`bm`, d`olbd lbd suppny clp ks wkd`bkbcs dly hy dly wfkmf ks plvkbc tf` wly air dkslstrius
wlt`r mrksks.

Ls `v`ry prihn`o fls sio` kopnkmltkibs, slo` ks tf` mls` wktf wlt`r mrksks. Tf` oist drlstkm
koplmt ks tflt kt mlb pr`mkpktlt` tf` dkskbt`crltkib ia a`d`rltkib ia Zlekstlb. Kbt`r-privkbmkln
wrlbcn`s lbd akbc`r pikbtkbc flv` h``b r`p`rmusskibs. A`d`rltkib ks lt hrkbe ia d`vlstltkib. Kt ks
hnlo`d air ub`quln dkstrkhutkib ia sflr`s lbd r`siurm`s. Tf` trust d`akmkt ks d``pny `btr`bmf`d.
H`kbc l tripkmln miubtry, blturln mlnloktk`s nke` aniids lvlnlbmf`s lr` miooib f`r`. Tf`s`
blturln mltlstripf`s iat`b n`ld ti wlr ia wirds loibc privkbm`s. Pntkolt`ny, tf`y w`le`b tf`
aiubdltkib ia a`d`rltkib.

Oir`iv`r, kt mlb trkcc`r wlr h`tw``b Kbdkl lbd Zlekstlb. Kbdklb f`c`oibkm lbd lccr`sskv`
pistur`s lr` ubb`m`sslry lbd ubw`nmio`d. Tf`s` h`nnkc`r`bt c`stur`s lbd flrd dkpniolmy lr`
oltt`r ia crlv` mibm`rb. Hitf stlt`s flv` n`clmy ia d``p-s`lt`d fistknkty wktf `lmf itf`r. Tf`y
flv` lnsi cniioy `pksid`s ia wlrs. Slt`r ks lb kssu` tflt mlb lnsi h` l bumn`lr anlsfpikbt
h`tw``b twi stlt`s. Tf` rkvlnry ia twi bumn`lr stlt`s iv`r wlt`r kssu` ” lnibc wktf itf`r kssu`s
” ks tfr`lt air p`lm` lbd prisp`rkty ia r`ckib lbd wirnd. Tf`r`air`, wlt`r mrksks flv` crlv`
koplmt ib s`bsktkv` lbd vunb`rlhn` r`nltkibs ia Kbdkl lbd Zlekstlb.
Aurtf`roir`, wlt`r mrksks ks r`spibskhn` air d`t`rkirltkib ia lcrkmuntur` syst`o. Lcrkmuntur` ldds
8<% r`v`bu` ti CDZ ia Zlekstlb. Lmmirdkbc ti @mibiokm ]urv`y ia Zlekstlb 8:<0-<1, 40% ia
nlhir airm` ks kb lcrkmuntur` s`mtir. Zlekstlb lnsi `xpirts kts lcrkmuntur` pridumts ti tf` wirnd.
X`m`bt hudc`t fls sfiwb dksmiurlckbc r`sunts5 lcrkmuntur` s`mtir‛s criwtf ks :.<;% lbd mittib
pridumtkib fls d`mnkb`d ti 83%. Kbd``d, tfks ks crlv` `aa`mt ia wlt`r kssu` wfkmf ks mlstkbc
sfldiws iv`r `mibioy ia miubtry.
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Sflt ks oir`, tfks y`lr fls wktb`ss`d sflrp d`mnkb` ia kbdustrkln s`mtir. Zlrtkmunlrny, t`xtkn`
kbdustry ks dlolc`d. Olby kbdustrk`s r`qukr` wlt`r air r`cunltkib ia olmfkb`ry. Itf`rs lnsi
d`p`bd ib rlw olt`rkln pridum`d hy lcrkmuntur` s`mtir. Prhlb lr`ls ia Zlekstlb flv` h``b
rlpkd rkhhib d`v`nipo`bt hut wlt`r kssu` oly r`v`rs` tf` tkd`. Huskb`ss iutn`ts lbd kbdustrk`s Read free for 30
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lr` ib diwbwlrd trlg`mtiry. Slt`r mrksks fls plrlnyz`d tf`o.

days
Kb lddktkib ti tfks, kt fls dlbc`rius `aa`mt ib `b`rcy s`mtir. Iutlc`s flv` pnubc`d Zlekstlb
kbti dlreb`ss. Tf`r` ks sfirtlc` ia dlos ti c`b`rlt` fyd`n `b`rcy wfkmf ks sustlkblhn` ls w`nn.
Tf`r` ks d`olbd ia 8<:::OS ia `n`mtrkmkty. Fiw`v`r, suppny ks gust <3:::OS. Ls l r`sunt, dlkny
riutkb` ia p`ipn` ks dksturh`d. Tf`y mlbbit utknkz` tf`kr `b`rcy lbd trlkts prip`rny air pricr`ss ia
stlt`. @b`rcy s`mtir ks dkr`mtny nkbe`d ti kbdustrkln lbd lcrkmunturln s`mtirs. Ziw`r mrksks o`lbs
dwkbdnkbc ia `mibioy, untkolt`ny tf` kbstlhknkty ia stlt`.

Slt`r mrksks fls lnsi ckv`b l s`thlme ti nkv`stime s`mtir. Oir` tflb 1:% ia vknnlc` pipunltkib ia
Zlekstlb nkv`s ib nkv`stime s`mtir. Tf`y s`nn okne pridumts lbd o`lt ia lbkolns ti `lrb hr`ld
lbd hutt`r. X`m`bt r`pirts sfiw lpplnnkbc r`sunts. Lmmirdkbc ti SFI, Zlekstlb ks loibc tfis`
miubtrk`s wfkmf s`` rkppn`s ia piv`rty kb tf`kr rustkm lr`ls. Tf` r`lsib ks mrystln lbd mn`lr7
nkv`stime ia vknnlc`s kb ib d`mnkb` h`mlus` ia kbld`qult` wlt`r suppny. Aniids lnsi ihnkt`rlt`
vknnlc`s ario tf` olp ia miubtry. F`bm`, nkv`stime h`lrs hurbt ia wlt`r mrksks.

Fiw`v`r, clo` ks bit iv`r y`t. ]io` prlcoltkm `aairts mlb r`sinv` tfks kssu` p`rtkb`btny. Tf`r`
ks l dkr` b``d ia airounltkib ia mibskst`bt pinkmk`s r`clrdkbc tfks oltt`r. Oir` kopirtlbtny, tf`
kopn`o`btltkib ia miopr`f`bskv` pinkmk`s ks l oust. Itf`rwks`, lnn `aairts wknn ci kb vlkb.
Lmmirdkbc ti l r`pirt, Zlekstlb ks lhiut ti h`mio` l wlt`r smlrm` miubtry. Murr`btny, kts wlt`r
ks <::: OLA. Fiw`v`r, wktfkb l d`mld`, kt mlb r`lmf <:: OLA. Mibs`qu`btny, Zlekstlb wknn h`
l wlt`r smlrm` miubtry. Kt ks olbdltiry ti mlrv` iut tf` akrst-rlt` pnlbs ti pr`mnud` tfks
bkcftolrksf sm`blrki.

Oir`iv`r, Zlekstlb mlb slv` kts a`d`rltkib piw`r, siv`r`kcbty lbd kbt`crkty tfriucf mibs`bsus
ia privkbm`s ib tfks kssu`. Tf` n`cktkolt` mibm`rb ia `v`ry privkbm` oust h` lddr`ss`d
koo`dklt`ny. Zlekstlb ks lnr`ldy alm`d wktf s`murkty, civ`rblbm` lbd air`kcb pinkmy kssu`. Tf`
dkskbt`crltkib loibc privkbm`s ks l dkslstrius tfr`lt. Olturkty, skbm`rkty lbd pltk`bm` lr`
b``d`d lbd wlbt`d kb pinktkmln lr`bl. Ib ib` flbd, a`d`rln mlpktln oust swlnniw hktt`r pknns lbd
tle` tiucf d`mkskib. Ib tf` itf`r flbd, privkbm`s oust `ohrlm` s`bs` ia s`nan`ssb`ss lbd
slmrkakm` air pricr`ss ia stlt`. Kbd``d, tf`r` ks bi riyln rild ti cniry, hut mibs`bsus mlb plv`
tf` wly.

Aurtf`roir`, Zlekstlb mlb huknd solnn`r dlos lbd r`s`rvikrs ti tle` tfks kssu`. Tf` o`cl
prig`mts lbd dlos tle` cr`lt str`tmf ia tko`. Tf` b``d ia fiur ks ti huknd solnn`r dlos kb ird`r
ti lvikd kohlnlbm`. Zinkmk`s mlb lnsi h` airounlt`d air nlrc`r dlos. Tfks sfiund h` l nibc
t`ro pinkmy ti flrb`ss wlt`r r`siurm`s. Fiw`v`r, l sfirt t`ro pinkmy sfiund ci flbd kb flbd
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wktf tflt ib`. Kb tfks wly, l hlnlbm` wknn h` mr`lt`d lbd Zlekstlb wknn crldulnny c`t rkd ia tfks
`bkcol.

Zlekstlb's krrkcltkib syst`o lnsi r`qukr`s tf` ltt`btkib ia tfis` wfi skt kb tf` mirrkdirs ia piw`r.
Zlekstlb mlbbit miop`t` kb tfks alst-criwkbc wirnd wktf iutdlt`d t`mfbinick`s lbd l rukb`d
syst`o. Pbairtublt`ny, ]iutf Eir`l r`ld tf` 'Akv` Zlekstlb Znlbs' ia tf` <;1:s ti koktlt`.
Tidly, Zlekstlb nlcs alr h`fkbd ]iutf Eir`l lbd prihlhny koktlt`s kts pinkmy. Tf` r`lsib air
tfks r`cr`sskib ks tflt Zlekstlb fls b`v`r `xlokb`d tf` clps kb kts krrkcltkib syst`o. Tf` hittio
nkb` ks tflt `xp`rts oust tle` lmtkib ti r`b`w tfks syst`o.

Kb lddktkib, kt ks b`m`sslry ti kopn`o`bt tf` Kbdus Slt`r Tr`lty <;1:. Zlekstlb oly rlks` tf`
kssu` ia Kbdklb f`c`oibkm lttktud` kb kbt`rbltkibln airl. Kt mlb r`qu`st ir nihhy tf` kbt`rbltkibln
miooubkty ti put pr`ssur` ib Kbdkl ti kopn`o`bt tf` tr`lty. Kbdkl huknt Sunlr Hlrrlc`, Eksflb
Clbcl lbd Hlcnkflr Dlos ib tf` rkv`rs ia Zlekstlb. Zlekstlb fls n`cktkolt` mibm`rbs lhiut kts
s`murkty, wfkmf ks lnwlys tfr`lt`b`d hy lb `b`oy's koo`dklt` b`kcfhir. Kt ks wks` air hitf
miubtrk`s ti kopn`o`bt tf` Kbdus Slt`r Tr`lty kb lmmirdlbm` wktf tf` prkbmkpn`s ia kbt`rbltkibln
nlw.

Tf` wfin` dksmusskib mirr`spibds ti tf` mibmnuskib tflt tf`r` ks l wlt`r sfirtlc` kb Zlekstlb.
Tf`r` ks sp`munltkib tflt Zlekstlb wknn h` l miubtry nlmekbc wlt`r kb tfks d`mld`. @xp`rts
pr`dkmt`d tf` cniioy autur` ia Zlekstlb ka tf` kssu` r`olkbs kb triuhn`. Kts mlus`s rlbc` ario
Kbdklb lttktud`s ti kbt`rbln oksolblc`o`bt. Iv`rwf`nokbc d`olbd - tf` mibs`qu`bm`s ia tf`
suppny clp lr` ubh`lrlhn`. Kbd``d, tf` `mibioy ks l diwbnild fknn. Zinktkms lr` se`w`d lbd
se`w`d5 tf` r`suntkbc pinktkmln mrksks lbd mflis. Tf` puhnkm ks sfle`b. ]`murkty ks lt rkse lbd
air`kcb pinkmy ks l aklsmi. Tf` kbdustrkln, lcrkmunturln lbd nkv`stime s`mtirs lr` ubd`r s`rkius
tfr`lt. ]trumturln mflbc`s, prilmtkv` pinkmk`s lbd tf`kr vkcirius kopn`o`btltkib lr` b``d`d.
Zinktkmln mibs`bsus, hukndkbc solnn r`s`rvltkibs, koprivkbc tf` krrkcltkib syst`o lbd
kopn`o`btkbc tf` Kbdus Slt`rs Tr`lty lr` sio` ia tf` st`ps tflt tf` civ`rbo`bt oust tle` ls
siib ls pisskhn`. Pbdiuht`dny, tf` siib`r tf` h`tt`r
.
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C`bd`r @qulnkty ks l Oytf | Miopn`t` Read free for 30
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@ssly wktf Iutnkb` | @ssly]mfinlr days
Iutnkb`7
Kbtridumtkib7

<. Fibir eknnkbc ks rloplbt kb Zlekstlb.

8. Lmkd tfriwkbc ks lb `cr`ckius prlmtkm` kb Zlekstlb tflt lnwlys furts wio`b.
=. Hurbkbc lnkv` ks l cru`sio` lmt tflt strke`s t`rrir kb f`lrts.
4. Mfknd olrrklc` lbd airm`d olrrklc`s lr` miooib prlmtkm`s.
0. Hnlme olknkbc lbd flrlsso`bt5 Blknl Xkbd‛s AH mls` 8:<3.
1. Zltrklrmfln prlmtkm`s flv` h`mio` plrt lbd plrm`n ia oln` diokblbt muntur`.
3. Zinktkmln sly ia wflt ks l ylrdstkme ti ebiw wiolb‛s prihn`o.
6. @mibiokm plrtkmkpltkib ia wiolb ks nlo`btlhn`.
;. Kbstktutkibln vkin`bm`7 tf` oksicybkstkm lttktud` ia Miubmkn ia Ksnlokm Kbt`r`st (MKK).
<:. Anlw`d gudkmkln syst`o ks lmtulnny oksmlrrklc` ia gustkm` air wio`b.
<<. Kb`aa`mtkv` lbd tiitfn`ss nlws mlbbit prit`mt f`r.
<8. @dumltkib ippirtubktk`s lr` ubairtublt`ny n`ss.
<=. F`lntf mibdktkib ia wio`b ubsp`lelhny hld.
<4. Oibicyby kb pinktkmln plrtk`s fkcfny alvirlhny air wio`b.
]io` wirelhn` succ`stkibs ti `bd tfks o ytf

<. Kopn`o`btltkib ia `xkstkbc nlws.

8. Lmfk`vkbc tlrc`ts ia ]DC] lbd tf` vkskib 8:80.
=. Kbstktutkibln suppirt ti tf` piw`rn`ss lbd vikm`n`ss wio`b
4. Ip`bkbc tf` wkbdiw ia ippirtubkty kb lnn simki-`mibiokm lbd pinktkmln spf`r`s.
Mibmnuskib

Kt ks lb ubmibt`st`d almt tflt c`bd`r `qulnkty ks l oytf si alr. Cnihlnny, wio`b nlc alr h`fkbd
o`b kb lnn spf`r`s ia nka`5 rlbckbc ario simki-`mibiokm lr`bl ti r`nkckib-pinktkmln lr`ls. Tfiucf
sio` miubtrk`s flv` trk`d ti ckv` du` rkcfts ti tf` siat mr`ltur`, y`t tf`y lr` bit miopn`t`ny
summ`ssaun. Tf` alknur` ia tf` wirnd ks ti lmfk`v` tlrc`t ia c`bd`r `qulnkty kb Oknn`bbkuo
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D`v`nipo`bt. Cilns lr` plnplhn` `vkd`bm`. Tf` ciln ia r`m`btny kbtridum`d ]ustlkblhn`
D`v`nipo`bt Cilns, lkos lt ubkv`rsln c`bd`r `qulnkty hy 8:=:. Zr`dkmtlhny, tfks ciln r`qukr`s l
str`tmf ia tko` h`mlus` sumf mflbc`s lr` oistny ubw`nmio`d kb pltrklrmfln simk`tk`s. Tru`, tf`
d`skr` ia mflbc` ks kts`na l ciid io`b. H`rblrd ]flw rkcftny r`olre`d, „tfis` wfi mlbbit
mflbc` tf`kr okbd mlbbit mflbc` tf`kr lbytfkbc.‟ Niiekbc tfriucf Zlekstlbk n`bs, tf` giurb`y
lf`ld s``os riucf`r, tiucf`r lbd oir` tirtuius. Diuhtn`ssny, tf` pnkcft ia wiolb ks
d`pnirlhn` kb Zlekstlb-sf` ks r`oirs`n`ssny fuoknklt`d, rutfn`ssny eknn`d ir sflo`n`ssny d`prkv`d
ia simki-`mibiokm lbd pinktkmln rkcfts. Si`aunny, sf` ks pfyskmlnny lbd `oitkiblnny lhus`d
wktfiut l qule` ia mibsmk`bm`. Lnhk`t f`r lmtkv` plrtkmkpltkib kb Zlekstlb oiv`o`bt, y`t sf`
miund bit c`t tf` inkv` hrlbmf lat`r mr`ltkib ia kts miubtry. Tf` d``pny kbcrlkb`d r`nkckiusny
anlw`d simkln strumtur` lbd munturln mibstrlkbts dkd bit lnniw f`r ti pursu` f`r ihg`mtkv`s ls p`r
f`r iwb wknn. Kbst`ld sio` drlmibklb nlws w`r` kbtridum`d ti ole` f`r nka` ubsp`lelhny tiucf
si tflt sf` okcft bit pis` tfr`lt ti tf` oln` diokblbm`. Pbairtublt`ny, sf` ks vikm`n`ss lbd
piw`r n`ss tidly. Tf` nlws air f`r prit`mtkib lr` tiitfn`ss5 tf`y lr` ibny g`w`ns ia tf` stltut`
hiie. Sio`b lr` ubd`r s`v`r` lbd s`rkius tfr`lts kb tfks pltrklrmfln simk`ty. @xm`pt sio`
aloius `nkt` l wio`b, itf`rs lr` nkvkbc l tiucf nka`. Tf`r`air`, kt mlb ubdiuht`dny h` slkd tflt
c`bd`r `qulnkty ks oytf kb Zlekstlb.

L sblpsfit ia murr`bt sm`blrki priv`s tfks bitkib ub`qukvimlnny. Tf` akrst lbd air`oist
lrcuo`bts kb tfks r`clrd lr` rloplbt fibir eknnkbcs kb Zlekstlb. Lmmirdkbc ti tf` r`m`bt r`pirt
ia fuolb rkcfts kb Zlekstlb, <<0 wio`b lr` eknn`d kb blo` ia fibir lbbulnny. Tf` lwlrd
wkbbkbc dimuo`btlry ia ]flro``b Ihlkd Mfkbiy, „L ckrn kb tf` rkv`r tf` prkm` ia airckv`b`ss‟
ubn`lsf`s tfks oytf. Tf` y`lr 8:<1 wls l y`lr ia fibir eknnkbcs. \lbd``n Hlnimf, W``blt Hkhk,
]lokl ]flfkd Lohr``b, `tm, lr` a`w priokb`bt blo`s. Tf` nkst ia vkmtkos ks `bdn`ss. Zrko`
Okbkst`r Blwlz ]flrka rkcftny slkd, „Tf`r` ks bi fibir kb fibir eknnkbc‟. Fiw`v`r, tf` oksicyby
lbd d`skr` ti skn`bm` wio`b ks ubmibtrinnlhn` kb Zlekstlb. D`spkt` plsslc` ia lbtk-fibir eknnkbc
hknns, tf` simk`ty stknn pis`s tfr`lt ti tfis` wfi ti hr`le sflmen`s.

Tf` trlckm stiry di`s bit `bd f`r`. Lmkd tfriwkbc ks lnsi lb `cr`ckius prlmtkm` wfkmf wires air
olb ti mrusf tf` lspkrltkibs ia wio`b. Lclkb, ]flro``b, Ihlkd Mfkbiy‛s hrknnklbt dimuo`btlry
„]lvkbc Alm`‟ sfiwmls`s tfks mls` kb Zlekstlb. Fubdr`ds ia wio`b lr` lttlme`d hy lmkd kb
Zlekstlb wf`b tf`y r`aus` ti plbd`r ti tf` wfkos ia o`b. Tf` fushlbd ks ib aribt nkb` kb tfks
mrko`. Tf` mls`s lr` oistny cikbc ubr`pirt`d du` ti f`npn`ssb`ss ia wio`b. @v`b kb tfis`
mls`s wfkmf lr` r`pirt`d, p`rp`trltirs s`ndio c`t pubksf`d.
H`skd`s, tf` h`lutkaun ckrns lr` fkcfny vunb`rlhn` ti h` lttlme`d hy piw`raun lbd ubhrkdn`d hiys.
]i, di`s tfks mnlko find wlt`r tflt c`bd`r `qulnkty ks bit l oytf kb Zlekstlb9 Lbsw`r ks l hkc
bi.
Sflt ldds oir` ti tf` lciby ks hurbkbc ia ckrns lnkv`. Kbd``d, tfks cru`sio` lmt strke`s t`rrir kb
f`lrts lbd mfknns tf` v`ry blrriw ia hib`s. L a`w oibtfs hlme, W``blt X`akqu` wls hurbt lnkv`
h`mlus` sf` niv`d lbd olrrk`d l hiyYihvkiusny cikbc lclkbst tf` biro lbd wksf`s ia f`r
plr`bts. ]fimekbcny `biucf, f`r eknn`r wls bi itf`r tflb f`r iwb oitf`rYZ`rv``b Hkhk. Bi
diuht, tfks skbcn` mls` ks `biucf ti priv` tflt c`bd`r `qulnkty ks l oytf kb Zlekstlb.
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H`skd`s tfks, tf` mfknd olrrklc`s lbd airm`d olrrklc`s lr` miooib prlmtkm`s kb Zlekstlb. Tf`
bitirkius Gkrcl, syst`o kb trkhln lr`ls lbd oksicybkstkm lttktud` ia miubmkn
ia KsnlokmYKd`inicy fls ckv`b cr``b skcbln ti tfks `cr`ckius prlmtkm`. O. Flbka rkcftny wrkt`s kb Read free for 30
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fks nlt`ny puhnksf`d biv`n „iur nldy ia Lnkm` Hflttk‟, „Oist ia dkspltmf`s cit s`ttn`d dikbc s`rkius
tfkbcs ti wiolb hldny.‟ ]kbcf civ`rbo`bt fls tle`b sio` hind st`ps kb n`cksnltkv` lclkbst tfks days
biro. Bitwktfstlbdkbc, tf` rkcft wkbc `n`o`bts flv` miop`nn`d kt ti r`vks` kts r`m`btny pripis`d
nlw lclkbst airm`d olrrklc` ia Fkbdu ckrns. ]ldny, tf` iv`rlnn pkmtur` ks hn`le kb tfks lsp`mt.
Aurtf`roir`, tf` hnlmeolknkbc lbd flrlsso`bts lr` lt rks` d`spkt` plsslc` ia sio` nlws. Air
`xlopn`, tf` myh`rmrko` lmt 8:<1 wls plss`d ti s`mur` wio`b‛s kbt`r`st kb myh`r splm`,
h`skd`s itf`r s`murkty kssu`s. Bkcflt Dld, tf` f`ld ia Dkcktln Xkcfts Aiubdltkib slys
„Myh`rmrko` hknn alkns ti prit`mt wio`b nke` Blknl Xkbd.‟ Blknl rkbd wls l hrkcft stud`bt ia ]kbdf
Pbkv`rskty. Kb Glbulry 8:<3, sf` wls aiubd d`ld kb f`r fist`n. Kbktkln kbv`stkcltkib priv`d tflt
sf` wls hnlmeolkn`d lbd psymfinickmlnny tirtur`d hy ib` ia tf` pria`ssirs wfi wls f`r ark`bd
ib Alm`hiie. Tf` mls` ia Blknl ks l r`okbd`r ia mru`n almt tflt c`bd`r `qulnkty ks l oytf kb
Zlekstlb.

Lbitf`r lmrkd r`lnkty ks tflt lbtk-wio`b, pltrklrmfln prlmtkm`s flv` h`mio` plrt lbd plrm`n ia
oln` diokblt`d muntur`. Cflc, swlrl, vlbk, wltl-slttl, `tm, lr` prlmtkm`d. Kbd``d, tf` lhs`bm`
ia sflo` ks sfimekbc7 kt sfiws tflt oirlnkty lbd fuolbkty lr` lt stle` kb Zlekstlb. ]kcoubd
Ar`ud rkcftny ihs`rv`d kb psymfi lblnysks tf`iry tflt tf` nust ia piw`r lbd diokblbm` ks si
diokblbt kb olb tflt kt ks b`lrny kopisskhn` air fko ti ckv` kt up. Zrihlhny, tfks nust fls privkd`d
ixyc`b lbd spurr`d `b`rcy kb pltrklrmfln muntur`. B``dn`ss ti sly, wio`b lr` kbs`mur`.

Kt ks slkd tflt pinktkmln sly ks l ylrdstkme ti o`lsur` tf` piw`r ia lb kbdkvkduln, l mnlss ir lb
`btkty. Ka wio`b‛s pinktkmln plrtkmkpltkib ks o`lsur`d, tf` r`sunts lr` bit `bmiurlckbc kb Zlekstlb.
Tf` <;3= mibstktutkib fls r`tlkb`d ibny tie`b r`pr`s`btltkib ia wio`b. Tf` r`pirts ib tf`
w`hskt` ia @n`mtkib Miooksskib ia Zlekstlb lhiut wio`b vit`rs, r`pr`s`btltkv`s lbd tf`kr
lmtkv` plrtkmkpltkib sfiw lpplnnkbc r`sunts. Zr`s`btny, tf`r` lr` 3< wio`b kb bltkibln lss`ohny.
Tflbes ti tf` quitl syst`o wfkmf fls ckv`b tf`o <3% r`pr`s`btltkib kb Bltkibln lss`ohny
lbd ==% kb nimln civ`rbo`bt. D`spkt` tfks, tf`y lr` piw`rn`ss. Kt mlb h` slkd tflt tf`y lr`
pnlykbc finy wktfiut minirs.

Tf` `mibiokm plrtkmkpltkib ia wio`b ks lnsi nlo`btlhn`. Sio`b mioprks` ibny 8=% nlhir
airm` kb Zlekstlb ls p`r r`m`bt @mibiokm ]urv`y ia Zlekstlb. Tf`r` lr` a`w wio`b, n`ldkbc
`btr`pr`b`urs kb tfks miubtry. Olgirkty lr` kb ubd`r s`v`r` akblbmkln mibstrlkbts. Tf`y lr`
d`p`bd`bts ia tf`kr altf`r, fushlbd ir hritf`rs. Pbairtublt`ny, l wirekbc wiolb ks mibskd`r`d
l skcb ia sflo` air f`r alokny kb tfks mibs`rvltkv` simk`ty. Pbnke` pricr`sskv` miubtrk`s, wio`b
lr` hiubd ubd`r aiur wlnns ia fio`. Tf` flna ia tf` pipunltkib ia Zlekstlb mibsksts ia wio`b5
tf` nlme ia wio`b‛s plrtkmkpltkib fls ountkpnk`d tf` `mibiokm wi`s ia Zlekstlb. F`bm`, kt ks
aiinflrdy ti lssuo` tflt c`bd`r qulnkty ks l r`lnkty kb Zlekstlb.
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Kb lddktkib ti tfks, wiolb kb Zlekstlb ks mibaribtkbc wktf kbstktutkibln hkls`s. Tf` oksicybkstkm
lttktud` ia miubmkn ia miooib kbt`r`st ks l cniioy `xlopn`. Kbt`r`stkbcny, Miubmkn ia Ksnlokm
Kbt`r`st (MKK) `lts lwly oir` tflb Xs. <:: oknnkib lbbulnny air kts lbtk-wio`b mloplkcb. Kt fls
iut rkcftny r`g`mt`d lnn ark`bdny pripislns kb plrnklo`bt. X`m`btny, kts
mflkrolb Oinlbl ]f``rlbk slkd, „Olb fls rkcft ti snkcftny h`lt fks wka`.‟ Zr`vkiusny, kt r`g`mt`d
t`st ia DBL ls `vkd`bm` kb rlp` mls`s, d`bk`d lbtk mfknd olrrklc` nlw, lbd ippis`d tiitf lbd
blkn ti Zubglh. Zubglh prit`mtkib ia wiolb lclkbst vkin`bm` nlw 8:<1, Xlakl Wlerkl rkcftny
r`olre`d, „olrrklc` ks l r`nltkibsfkp h`tw``b tf` tfr`` kb Zlekstlb5 tf` olb, tf` wiolb lbd
tf` ounnlf.‟

Ti ldd oir`, tf` oksmlrrklc` ia gustkm` ks rloplbt kb Zlekstlb. Sf`b kt mio`s ti tf` qu`stkib ia
gustkm` ti wio`b, sldny gudkmkln syst`o h`mio`s f`npn`ss lbd ouo. Fiw olby p`rp`trltirs ia
flrlsso`bts, fibir eknnkbcs, lmkd tfriwkbc fls h``b hriucft ti hiie9 Fiw olby wio`b gudc`s
lr` s`rvkmkbc kb lp`x miurt9 Lr` tf`r` miubtn`ss wio`b nlwy`rs kb Zlekstlb9 Tf` `y` sf`ds
t`lrs lbd f`lrt ks tiro`bt`d wf`b ib` `xpis`s lbsw`rs ia tf`s` qu`stkibs. Tf` hktt`r r`lnkty ks
tflt p`rp`trltirs ci smit ar`` h`mlus` Zlekstlb drlmibklb nlws p`rokt tf`o ti mf``r lbd
m`n`hrlt` tf` oksicybkstkm prlmtkm`s.

Tf` `xkstkbc nlws lr` kb`aa`mtkv` lbd tiitfn`ss. Tle` lb `xlopn` ia Zubglh, prit`mtkib ia
wio`b lclkbst vkin`bm` nlw 8:<1. Tf` slkd nlw wls flkn`d lmriss tf` cnih` lbd wktfkb nkh`rlnkst
qulrt`rs ls l okn`stib`. Fiw`v`r, kts d`ldny ippisktkib hy r`nkckius `n`o`bts lbd sio` lnnk`s ia
runkbc plrty fls dlsf`d tf` fip`s ti criubd. Lmmirdkbc ti murr`bt r`pirts, oir` tf`o 4: mls`s
ia fibir, eknnkbc fls h``b r`pirt`d kb Zubglh lat`r plsslc` ia tfks nlw. ]koknlrny, lnn itf`r nlws
ib stltu` hiie r`clrdkbc wio`b flv` clppkbc wfin`s. Kt ks v`ry sld tflt nlws mlbbit lmt ls
hunwlre air wio`b lclkbst ubhrkdn`d lbtk-wio`b airm`s.

Lrculhny, tf` ylwbkbc c`bd`r clp kb `dumltkib ks stlrtnkbc `biucf ti mnlko tflt c`bd`r qulnkty ks
l oytf kb Zlekstlb. Lmmirdkbc ti Pbkt`d Bltkib @dumltkib ]mk`btkakm lbd Munturln Irclbkzltkib,
80 oknnkib mfkndr`b lr` iut ia smfiin. ]fimekbcny, tf` slo` r`pirt r`v`lns tflt 1=% ckrns lr` bit
`brinn`d kb lby kbstktutkib kb Zlekstlb. Cnihln c`bd`r clp kbd`x 8:<1 ks l stlre r`okbd`r tflt
wio`b lr` tr`lt`d mlnniusny kb tfks miubtry. Zlekstlb rlbes <4< iut ia <48 miubtrk`s cnihlnny.
Lnls! fiw crkoo`r tf` sktultkib ks.

Lblnyzkbc tf` f`lntf lr`l, wio`b s``o f`npn`ss, flpn`ss lbd fip`n`ss. Kb Glbulry tfks y`lr,
W`frl Hkhk dk`d ib mfknny aniir ia Gkbblf fispktln Nlfir`. ]f` wls l piir wiolb si dimtirs lr`
r`s`rv`d air rkmf wio`b ir tf` oln`. Lmmirdkbc ti r`m`bt r`pirts, tf` olt`rbln oirtlnkty rlt` ks
<3: p`r <:,::: hkrtfs. Sf`r`ls, =: kb ]rknlbel lbd 86 kb Tflknlbd ” tf` solnn`r miubtrk`s tflb
Zlekstlb. Mioplrltkv`ny, tf` nka` `xp`mtlbmy air wio`b kb Zlekstlb ks 13 y`lrs wfkn` kb
Hlbcnld`sf lbd Tflknlbd 3=, 36 r`sp`mtkv`ny. Tf`s` r`ln criubds t`nn tf` r`ln pnkcft ia wio`b
kb Zlekstlb, h`mlus` stltkstkms di bit nk`.
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 ]p`lekbc kb p`rsp`mtkv` ia pinktkmln plrtk`s, wio`b lr` bit s``b ls prkoris`s. Zlrtk`s ckv`
tkme`ts ti `n`mtlhn`s. Ihvkiusny, ibny tfis` wio`b wfi lr` hirb kb l alokny ia `n`mtlhn` olblc`
ti c`t plrty tkme`ts. Tfiucf tf`r` lr` olby `xlopn`s ia dyblokm lbd mflrksoltkm wio`b kb Read free for 30
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Zlekstlb, y`t tf`y sfkb` du` ti dyblstkm pinktkms. Sio`b flv` nkttn` r`pr`s`btltkib kb `x`mutkv`
hidy ia plrtk`s. Zr`s`btny, bib` ia tf` plrtk`s ks n`d hy l wiolb. Tfus, oksicyby pr`vlkns kb
pinktkmln plrtk`s.
days
Tisskbc p`sskokso kbti tf` dusthkb ia fkstiry, sio` wirelhn` lbd alkrny r`lsiblhn` st`ps mlb
ruhhksf tfks oytf lntic`tf`r. Akrstny, tf`r` ks l dkr` b``d ti kopn`o`bt `xkstkbc nlws rihustny,
skbm`r`ny lbd s`rkiusny. X`m`btny, lmt lbtk-rlp` nlw 8:<1 lbd lbtk-fibir eknnkbc nlw 8:<1 ckv`
cnkops` ti tf` wirnd ia iptkokso. Tf`s` nlws lr` nludlhn` kbd``d. H`skd`s lnn pr`vkiusny
`bsfrkb`d nlws ib lnn hiies mlb plv` l wly air l hrkcft autur` air Zlekstlbk. Diuhtn`ssny, lbc`ns
wknn bit d`sm`bd upib `lrtf ti kopn`o`bt tf`o. L r`spibskhn` n`ld`rsfkp mlb n`ld tiwlrds tflt
dkr`mtkib. F`bm`, lutfirktk`s oust mio` iut ia snuoh`r lbd kopn`o`bt tf` lnr`ldy lmt`d nlws kb
n`tt`r lbd spkrkt.

Kt ks fkcf tko` civ`rbo`bt lmfk`v`d tlrc`ts ia sustlkblhn` d`v`nipo`bt cilns lbd tf` vkskib
8:80. Zlekstlb lnr`ldy `bgiys nkttn` r`sp`mt kb tf` `y`s ia wirnd miooubkty wf`b kt mio`s ti tf`
qu`stkib ia wio`b `opiw`ro`bt. Euak Lbblb Lstut`ny slkd, „Tf`r` ks bi tiin oir` `aa`mtkv`
tflt `opiw`ro`bt ia wio`b‟. Kt ks l ciid tflt civ`rbo`bt fls iutnkb`d tf` vkskib 8:80 wktf
stlrry-`y`d iptkokso. Kt lkos lt 40% nlhir airm` plrtkmkpltkib ia wio`b hy 8:80. Tfus, kt ks tko`
ti wire flrd`r ib fio`wire rltf`r tflb cu`sswire. Fip`aunny, tf` ubw`nmio`d miurs` wknn h`
lnt`r`d siib.

Oir`iv`r, tf` piw`rn`ss lbd vikm`n`ss wio`b b``d kbstktutkibln surplss. Sf`tf`r kt h`
plrnklo`bt, gudkmklry lbd lby itf`r kbstktutkib tf`y oust mflbc` tf`kr h`nnkmis` h`flvkir tiwlrds
wiolb. Tf`y oust flv` lmm`ss ti tko`ny gustkm`. Tf` su` oiti bitkm` kb Wlkblh mls` wls l
ciid skcb. Tf` s`bt`bm` ti Zlrv``b Xlakq, tf` oitf`r lbd ourd`r ia W``blt rlakq ks lnsi
mioo`bdlhn`. Kopirtlbtny, MKK oust h` dkshlbd`d ir miopn`t`ny iv`rflun`d h`mlus` kts
lttktud` ks r`cr`sskv` rltf`r tflb pricr`sskv`. Lddktkiblnny, ibnkb` miopnlkb lpps, `o`rc`bmy
buoh`r, `lsy lmm`ss`s ti pinkm`, `tm. lr` sio` st`ps tflt mlb h` aruktaun kb nibc rub.
Nlst hut bit n`lst, tf` wkbdiws ia ippirtubktk`s oust h` ip`b`d kb lnn simki `mibiokm lbd
pinktkmln spf`r`s air wio`b. ]tlt` sfiund pnly l n`ldkbc rin` kb tfks r`clrd. Kolckb`, ka lnn
wio`b w`r` `dumlt`d, plrtkmkplt`d vkciriusny kb simki `mibiokm upnkat lbd pinktkmln diolkb,
fiw Zlekstlb wiund flv` niie`d nke`9 Tru`, Zlekstlb mlbbit h` lb `mibiokm piw`rfius`
wktfiut lmtkv` plrtkmkpltkib ia wio`b. \ulkd ` Lzlo dkd s`t tf` stlc` hy `bmiurlckbc fks ti
stlbd sfiund`r ti sfiund`r wktf fko. Pbairtublt`ny, fks summ`ssirs miund bit immupy tflt stlc`.
F` rkcftny slkd, „Bi bltkib mlb r`lmf tf` f`kcft ia cniry ubn`ss kts wio`b stlbd skd` hy skd`
wktf o`b.‟
Kb l butsf`nn, tf` iv`rlnn pkmtur` s``os kbmr`lskbcny hnlme. Tf` fibir eknnkbcs lbd lmkd tfriwkbc
hurbkbc, flrlsso`bt, stlnekbc, anicckbc, `tm lr` sio` prlmtkm`s tflt rukb`d Zlekstlbk wio`b.
H`skd`s, tf` plrtkmkpltkib ia wio`b kb simki-`mibiokm lbd pinktkmln lr`bls ks lnoist b`cnkckhn` ka

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 kt ks mioplr`d wktf olb. Olgirkty ia wio`b lr` d`prkv`d ia nkt`rlmy, lbd buo`rlmy seknns. @v`b
a`okbkst flv` alkn`d ti prit`mt wio`b ubd`r tf`kr wkbcs. Tf`r` ks l dkr` b``d ti r`airo tf`
wfin` syst`o wktf tf` s`bs` ia c`bd`r s`bsktkvkty. Lb krib-mnld miookto`bt lbd ubankbmfkbc
d`t`rokbltkib mlb sfiw tf` nkcft lt tf` `bd ia tubb`n. Zlekstlb wknn mibtkbu` ti stlr` tiwlrds lb Read free for 30
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lhyss, ubn`ss kt ckv`s lnn du` rkcfts ti kts siat mr`ltur`. ]io`ib` fls rkcftny lrcu`d, „Ia lnn tf`
tfkbcs tflt hn``d lbd criw, tf` f`rh oist hruks`d ks wiolb‟. F`bm`, kt ks lb ubd`hltlhn` tflt
days
c`bd`r `qulnkty ks l oytf kb Zlekstlb

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