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gfbjs. @v`btulmmy tk` glocrfty sfgpmy  lbt`` fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb.
n`acg` wfmj, gfbjm`ss n`lsts, nut tc

tkcs`
wlrjslnm` tc r`sfst tk` acrruptfcb, tk` r`-
lr` mfgftm`ss. X`mm, wklt lr` ycu wlftfbh icr3
fs fs l pmla` ci j`ltk,
j `ltk, i`lr lbj
suffl`rfbh. Nut tc tkcs` nrlv`
nrlv`,, strcbh lbj
sglrt `bcuhk, tkfs fs l wcrmj iumm ci cp-
pcrtubftf`s? lbaf`bt rufbs 󿬌mm`j wftk icr-
hctt`b tr`lsur`s r`ljy tc n` rlbslae`j,

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Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb` lbj Qkljcw fs l rcm`-
pmlyfbh hlg` j`sfhb`j tc n` pmly`j scmc,
lmtkcuhk ft acumj lmsc n` pmly`j wftk
ctk`r pmly`rs lbj `v`b l Hlg` Glst`r, fi  smcwmy prchr`ssfbh fb pcw`r lbj tlefbh
<> sc j`sfr`j. ` hlg` tle`s pmla` fb l
jlre lbj jlbh`rcus pmla` almm`j tk`
Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb, l pmla` w`r` tk`
cbmy acbstlbts lr` acb󿬎fat, suffl`rfbh lbj
QZL^Z@J
tk` `t`rblm twfmfhkt. ` pmly`r(s) wfmm
gle` l hrcup ci aklrlat`rs lbj `xpmcr`
l jlre wcrmj iumm
ium m ci p`rfm lbj ljv`btur`,
ljv`btur`,
cb nfhh`r lbj nfhh`r tkr`lts lbj aklm-
m`bh`s. `r` fs v`ry mfttm` ycu b``j tc
pmly Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb` lbj Qkljcw? l
p`bafm, scg` jfa` lbj l hrlpk plp`r (cr
l prfbt`r tc prfbt cut tk` cb`s pr`s`bt fb
tkfs ncce). rcuhk tk` us` ci tk` glt`-
rflms fbtrcjua`j fb tkfs ncce, ycu wfmm n`
lnm` tc h`b`rlt` l wkcm` wcrmj tc `x-
pmcr`, iumm ci `b`gf`s, jubh`cbs,
icrtr`ss`s lbj tr`lsur`. Gcst mfe`my ycur
aklrlat`rs wfmm jf` (l mct), nut ycu alb
ar`lt` b`w cb`s lbj klv` tk`g r`ljy tc
ila` b`w jlbh`rs fb l gltt`r ci s`acbjs.
Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb` lbj Qkljcw 
fs bct l sfgumltfcb hlg`. ` rum`s pr`-
s`bt`j fb tk` icmmcwfbh plh`s lr` g`lbt
tc hfv` ycu tk` pcssfnfmfty ci ar`ltfbh lb
`xaftfbh lbj aklbhfbh wcrmj fb l gltt`
gltt`rr
ci gfbut`s, wftkcut lby scrt ci pr`plrl-
tfcb prfcr tc tk` hlgfbh s`ssfcb.
s `ssfcb. Qfgpmy 
hrln ycur acpy ci Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb`
N cb` lbj
Qkljcw, l i`w jfa`, l pf`a` ci plp`r lbj
l p`bafm lbj ycu lr` r`ljy tc ougp
strlfhkt fbtc tk` hlg`.
` jfa`
` hlg` us`s t`b-sfj`j jfa`, lbbctlt`j
ls J<4. rcuhkcut tk` ncce w` wfmm us`
tk` icmmcwfbh jfa` acj`s?
J<4? rcmm l jf`.
J<4+[? rcmm l jf` lbj ljj [ (tk` sp`af󿬌a
bugn`r wfmm n` j`t`rgfb`j ny tk` rum`s)
tc tk` r`sumt.
>j<4? rcmm twc jfa` lbj ljj tk`g.
>j<4 +<? rcmm twc jfa`, ljj tk`g tc-
h`tk`r, lbj ljj [ (tk` sp`af󿬌a bugn`r
 

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wfmm n` j`t`rgfb`j ny tk` rum`s) tc tk`
tctlm.
J<4 x j<4? rcmm twc jfa` lbj gumtfpmy tk`
r`sumt ci cb` jf` ny tk` ctk`r.
J<4-[? rcmm cb` jf` lbj suntrlat [ (tk`
sp`af󿬌a bugn`r wfmm n` j`t`rgfb`j ny  cmj p`lslbt alb h`t muaey lbj strfe`
tk` rum`s) ircg tk` r`sumt.
J<4 + M ? rcmm l jf` lbj ljj tk` aklrla-
t`r‖ss m`v`m.
t`r‖ m `v`m.
J0? ^cmm l J<4 lbj jfvfj` tk` r`sumt ny  Mlt`r fb tkfs ncce ycu wfmm 󿬌bj tk`
twc, rcubjfbh up.
J<44? rcmm twc jfa` ci jfffl`r`bt acmcr,
r`ljfbh tk` 󿬌rst ls ”t`bs‗ lbj tk` s`acbj
ls ”ubfts‗, h`b`rltfbh l bugn`r ircg < tc
<44.
Arftfalm ilfms lbj suaa`ss`s
L rcmm ci < fs lmwlys l ilfmur`. Cb tk`
ctk`r sfj`, l rcmm ci <4 fs lmwlys l suaa`ss.
suaa`s s.
Xftk l rcmm ci <4 tk` aklrlat`r n`acg`s
Fbspfr`j, wkfak lmmcws kfg tc rcmm lhlfb
lbj ljj tk` r`sumt. fs fs fb pmla` tc r`p-
r`s`bt kcw `v`b tk` gfhktf`st ci wlr-
rfcrs alb trfp lbj ilfm lt l acgnlt rcutfb`
k` kls prlatfa`j kfs wkcm`
wkcm ` mfi`, cr kcw lb
jcwb l t`rrfnm` lrgcr`j n`lst.
` plp`r hrfjs
t k` rum`s
tklt `xpmlfb kcw ycur plrty ci aklrlat`rs
gcv`s tkrcuhk tk` wcrmj ci tk` Irla-
tur`j Jcgfbfcb, 󿬌bjfbh aklmm`bh`s lbj
cppcrtubftf`s lmcbh tk`
t k` wly.
wly. Icr tkfs ycu
wfmm us` tk` K`x hrlpk wkfm` ycur plrty 
gcv`s tkrcuhk tk` wcrmjglp, lbj tk`
Ljv`btur` hrfj icr wk`b ycur hrcup ci 
aklrlat`rs j`mv` fbtc alv`s, kfj`cuts cr
tk` gfhkty icrtr`ss`s ci tk` Zyrlbts.
 

Z K@ TMLV@^
AKL^LAZ@^Q
Vcur ocurb`y `xpmcrfbh tk` Irlatur`j tlae ncbus wk`b `qufpp`j wftk l
Jcgfbfcb stlrts ny glefbh ycur aklrla- w`lpcb, ubm`ss ycu klv` tk` Pblrg`j
<: t`rs. Ls l scmc pmly`r, ycu wfmm acbtrcm twc acgnlt sefmm.
aklrlat`rs5 fi tk`r` lr` gcr` pmly`rs ycu - J`i`bs`? Lby pcfbt fb J`-
alb `lak acbtrcm twc aklrlat`rs, cr sfg-
s fg- i`bs` fs l ncbus tc ycur J`i`bs` rcmms. Cb
pmy cb` `lak. Ls l scmc pmly`r tkcuhk, fi  caalsfcbs, scg` sftultfcbs wfmm bct lmmcw 
ycu i``m tk` hlg` fs tcc aklmm`bhfbh
aklmm `bhfbh ycu ycu tc us` ycur J`i`bs` stlt (icr `xlg-
lr` ir`` tc gle` l plrty ci up tc icur pm`, n`fbh lttlae`j ny surprfs`).
aklrlat`rs, tk` akcfa` fs ycurs. - ^`sfstlba`s (Glhfa, Tcfscb,
Ifrst, ycu wfmm b``j l pf`a` ci  Qtr`bhtk, J`xt`rfty, Xfmm)? fs r`pr`-

plp`r
tfstfas tc
cb.wrft`
Vcujcwb
gly tk`
us`aklrlat`r‖s stl-
l pr`-prfbt`j s`bts tk` aklrlat`r‖s
fbh j`t`rgfb`j alplnfmfty
typ`s ci r`sfst-
ci jlglh` cr
aklrlat`r sk``t fi cb` fs lvlfmlnm`, cr ycu fb󿬎u`ba`. ` kfhk`r l aklrlat`r‖s ^`-
gly sfgpmy us` l pf`a` ci bct`ncce  sfstlba` tc l sp`af󿬌a scura` ci jlglh`,
plp`r. Vcu skcumj us` l p`bafm tc wrft` tk` kfhk`r tk` aklba`s ci bct n`fbh li-
jcwb lmm fbicrgltfcb, ls lby stltfstfa i`at`j ny ft.
gly aklbh` jurfbh pmly. Vcu gly sp`bj @bklba`g`bt
L aklrlat`r gly n`mcbh tc lby  Tcfbts (@T) tc rlfs` ycur Trfglry stlts
h`bj`r, nut icr nr`vfty‖s sle` w` wfmm n` (gcr` cb tkfs n`mcw).
usfbh glsaumfb`
glsaum fb` prcbcubs ircg k`r` cb.
` Q`acbjlry stlts lr`?
Tmly`r aklrlat`r stltfstfas (stlts) - Glx Acrruptfcb? Glx Acr-

Tmly`r
jurlba`aklrlat`rs‖
lr` j`󿬌b`j alplnfmftf`s lbj `
ny tk`fr stlts. `b-
Trfglry stlts lr`?
- K`lmtk? K`lmtk j`t`rgfb`s
kcw glby wcubjs l aklrlat`r alb tle`
n`icr` n`fbh gcrtlmmy wcubj`j. `
gcr` K`lmtk pcfbts l aklrlat`r kls, tk`
gcr` pubfskg`bt k` alb tle` fb acgnlt.
Xk`b aklrlat`rs‖ k`lmtk r`lak`s 4, tk`y  alt`j tc glhfa lbj sp`mms.
jf`.
- Lttlae? ` kfhk`r ycur lt-
tlae ncbus, tk` gcr` aklba`s ycu klv`
ruptfcb j`t`rgfb`s
tfcb Tcfbts (AT) ycukcwalbglby
klv`Acrrup-
n`icr`
ycur aklrlat`r fs mcst tc tk` Trfgcrjflm
Cb`s. fs stlt albbct n` rlfs`j tkrcuhk
bcrglm g`lbs, tkcuhk. L aklrlat`r fs
mcst fi ft r`lak`s fts glx acrruptfcb
pcfbts. X` wfmm tlme fb j`tlfm lncut acr-
ruptfcb fb tk` s`atfcb ci tkfs ncce j`jf-
- Alrryfbh Alplafty (AA)?
Aklrlat`rs klv` l glx alrryfbh alplafty 
(AA) ci :4, lbj lmm ft`gs klv` l 󿬌x`j

ci kfttfbh tr`lt`j
fs lmwlys ycur cppcb`bt. ` Lttlae
ls l gcjf󿬌`r stlt
tc Lttlae  lgcubt ci PX
alb s`` tk` ubftscici`lak
w`fhkt
ft`g(PX).
cb tk` Vcu
s `a-
s`a-
rcmms. Vcu alb cbmy n`b`󿬌t ircg tk` Lt- tfcb ci tkfs ncce
nc ce j`jfalt`j tc `qufpg`bt
 

lbj h`lr. Fi l aklrlat`r fs cv`rnurj`b k` J`i`bs` lbj +< tc Tcfscb ^`sfstlba`. Icr 
󿬌hkts wftk l -> tc Lttlae lbj J`i`bs` kfs s`acbj aklrlat`r k` wlbts l gcr`
rcmms. acgnlt-icaus`j typ`, sc k` hc`s icr l
<0
Q`acbjlry stlts gly bct n` K`lmtk ci : (nls` ci >, +> @T 7 :), +< tc
rlfs`j wftk @bklba`g`bt Tcfbts.
Tcfbts.  Lttlae, lbj sp`b
 Lttlae, sp`bjsjs k
kfs
fs mmlst
lst twc pcfb
pcfbts
ts ppur-
ur-
aklsfbh tk` Julm wf`mjfbh sefmm (s`` tk`
Bc amlss`s acgpm`t` sefmm mfst cb plh` >4).
>4) .
`r` lr` bc amlss`s fb Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb` Lmm ir``-icrg aklrlat`rs stlrt
lbj Qkljcw5 ycu lr` ir`` tc ar`lt` ycur wftk <4 + :j<4 sk`mms (tk` aurr`bay ci tk`
aklrlat`rs ls ycu s`` 󿬌t. Lby aklrlat`r Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb) tc sp`bj fb h`lr

kls
h`lr,laa`ss
tcc (lstcmcbh
lmm tk` lvlfmlnm`
ls tk`y stlrtfbh
alb lfflcrj ft). lbj prcvfsfcbs.
@v`ry pmly`r aklrlat`r stlrts lt m`v`m <
wftk l nls` k`lmtk ci ; lbj l Glx Acr- L^AK@ZVT@Q
ruptfcb ci <4, pmus 0 @bklba`g`bt Lrak`typ`s lr` pmly`r aklrlat`r t`g-
Tcfbts (@T) tklt tk`y gly us` tc pur- pmlt`s wftk l pr`j`t`rgfb`j s`t ci stlts
akls` stlt pcfbts lbj/cr sefmms lbj sp`mms. lbj sefmms tklt ycu alb akccs` tc pmly 
^lfsfbh lby ci tk` nls` stlts (K`lmtk, Lt- wftk. `s` lrak`typ`s r`pr`s`bt tk`
tlae, J`i`bs` lbj ^`sfstlba`s) acsts < gcst acggcb rcm`s lbj pmly stym`s, lbj
@T,, wkfm` gcst sefmms lbj sp`mms
@T sp `mms acst < @T tk`y alb s`rv` ls l hufj` icr wk`b ycu
tcc, lmtkcuhk tk`r` lr` s`v`rlm tklt acst lr` ubsur` ci wklt tc jc wftk ycur aklr-
gcr`. Bctfa` tklt `lak ^`sfstlba` pcfbt lat`rs. `r` fs lmsc ljj`j n`b`󿬌ts tc

gust
sp`bj n`cb`purakls`j
@T cb Glhfas`plrlt`my5 fi tklt
^`sfstlba`, ycu usfbh
icrg cilrak`typ`s? tk`y lmm
`xamusfv` ncbus, klv` scg`
wk`tk`r ft‖s l
pcfbt rlfs`s cbmy Glhfa ^`sfstlba`, bct stlt ncbus, lb `xamusfv` sefmm cr sp`mm, cr
lmm r`sfstlba`s lt cba`. `v`b laa`ss tc ubusulm `qufpg`bt. Fj`-
@xlgpm`? Gfe` stlrts ar`ltfbh kfs b`w lmmy, ycu wfmm sp`bj ycur @T ls ycu m`v`m
 plrty icr l b`w s`ssfcb ci Jfsa Jfsafpm`s
fpm`s ci  up sc tklt ycu g``t tk` acbjftfcbs j`-
Ncb` lbj Qkljcw, l󰀄`r kfs pr`vfcus cb` sarfn`j cb `lak ci tk` lrak`typ`s, tkus
g`t lb ubtfg`my j`gfs` lt tk` klbjs ci lb ”acmm`atfbh‗ lby lrak`typ` ycu lr` fbt`r-
lncgfbltfcb. Icr kfs 󿬌rst aklrlat`r, k` j`- `st`j fb lbj hlfbfbh b`w lbj `xamusfv`
afj`s k` fs hcfbh tc hc icr l sturjf`r typ`, sefmms.
kcpfbh k` wfmm survfv` mcbh`r5 k` sp`bjs
kfs 󿬌rst tkr`` @bklba`g`bt Tcfbts fbtc Qtlrtfbh Lrak`typ`s

 hfvfbh kfglbj
@T 7 <<), l K`lmtk
K`lm tk ci <<tc(nls`
k` akccs`s sp`bjcitk` +1 Lmtkcuhk
;,mlst  ycu lr` lbj
t`r ircg sarltak ir`` tc ar`lt` l aklrla-
jfstrfnut` tk` @T
twc @bklba`g`bt Tcfbts hfvfbh kfg +< kcw`v`r ycu wlbt, akccsfbh cb` ci tk`
 

stlrtfbh lrak`typ`s fs l hr`lt fj`l icr

wk`b ycu wlbt l qufae stlrt, cr ycu jcb‖t
wlbt tc nctk`r tkfbefbh lncut nlmlbafbh
ycur stlts. Qtlrtfbh lrak`typ`s lr` lmsc
smfhktmy gcr` pcw`rium tklb wklt l n`-
hfbbfbh ir``-icrg aklrlat`r alb n`, sfba`
tk`fr stlrtfbh sefmms lr` v`ry acst-`fiaf`bt,
@T-wfs`. Qtlrtfbh lrak`typ`s lmsc n`hfb
tk` hlg` wftk scg` h`lr suftlnm` tc tk`fr
<9
sefmms lbj `bcuhk prcvfsfcbs tc mlst l
w``e.

Lacmyt`
K`lmtk? <4 / Glx Acrruptfcb? <<
Qp`mm? Qkljcw 󿬎lg`s (< jlfmy us`)
Qtlrtfbh h`lr? Qtlffl, < nlbjlh`, 1j<4
sk`mms.
 Lb lacmyt`
lacmy t` fs scg`cb` wkc kls s``b tk`
 pcw`r ci tk` Zyrlbts, lbj wlbts ft icr 
kfgs`mi. K` kls stugnm`j upcb scg` s`ar`t 
ebcwm`jh` lbj stlrt`j kfs pltk tcwlrjs
lsa`bsfcb... cr gljb`s
gljb`ss.
s.

Nrlwm`r
K`lmtk? <4 / +< J`i`bs`
J `i`bs` / +< Qtr`bhtk ^`-
sfstlba`
Qefmm? Acgnlt trlfbfbh
Qtlrtfbh h`lr? Lby cb`-klbj`j w`lpcb
lbj l skf`mj, cr l twc-klbj`j w`lpcb klbj`j w`lpcb, 1j<4 sk`mms.
fbst`lj, 1j<4 sk`mms. Xk`r`v`r lby s`gnmlba` ci afvfmfzltfcb
 L nrlwm`r
nrlwm`r fs l aklrlat
aklrlat`r
`r us`j tc tk`
tk` rrcuhk
cuhk rfs`s, tk` lrrfvlm
lrr fvlm ci tkf`v`s lbj nurhmlrs fs
mfi` ci tk` B`v`r ^`lmg5 k` ebcws kcw tc  hulrlbt``j. L nurhmlr fs us`j tc lvcfj 
 hfv` l n`ltfbh, lbj kcw tc tle` cb` ls klrg lbj h`t fbtc pmla`s tk`y skcumjb‖t n`,
w`mm. K` lmsc ebcws kfs mfi` wfmm prcnlnmy  wkfak gle`s tk`g p`ri`at ljv`btur`rs.
n` skcrt, nmccjy lbj gfs`rlnm`, nut k`
 pmlbs cb hcfbh
hcfbh cu
cutt swfbhfbh. Kubt`r
K`lmtk? <4 / +> Lttlae 
Nurhmlr Qefmm? Icrlhfbh
K`lmtk? <4 Qefmm? Glresgl
Glresglb b
Qefmm? X`mm accrjfblt`j Qtlrtfbh h`lr? Qkcrt ncw, qufv`r, lby cb`-
Qefmm? I`fbt klbj`j w`lpcb, < nlbjlh`, >j<4 sk`mms.
Qefmm? Mcaepfaefbh Kubt`rs lr` cb` ci tk` nlaencb`s ci tk`
Qefmm? Jfslrg trlps glby p`cpm`s ci tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb.
Qtlrtfbh h`lr? Mcaepfaes, lby cb`- Tmlyfbh tk` rcm` ci prcvfj`rs lbj j`i`bj-
 

`rs, tk`y lr` w`mm-mfe`j lbj r`sp`at`j lby- Lpctk`alry 

wk`r` tk`y hc. ^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? <6 / +< J`i`bs` /
+: Tcfscb ^`sfstlba` / +: Glhfa J`i`bs`
Yftlmfst @lak tfg` lb lpctk`alry efmms lb `mft`
K`lmtk? <4 `b`gy, k` gly acmm`at fts `ss`ba`. K`
Qp`mm? Alut`rfz` (> jlfmy us`s) gly us` tk`g l󰀄`rwlrjs tc arl󰀄 ubfqu`
Qp`mm? Am`lbs` pcfscb (< jlfmy us`) acbacatfcbs?
Qtlrtfbh h`lr? Lby cb`-klbj`j w`lpcb - 1 @mft` `ss`ba`s? K`lmfbh slmv`. Cba`
lbj l skf`mj, 1j<4 sk`mms. p`r jly/ljv`btur` ycu gly lppmy tkfs
<8
 L vftlmfst kls akcs`b tc r`stcr` wklt tk` slmv` tc k`lm >j<4 K`lmtk Tcfbts.
lh`bts ci tk` Trfgcrjflm Cb`s klv` tle`b - 1 @mft` `ss`ba`s. Tcfscb slmv`. Lppmy 
lwly, k`lmfbh lfmg`bts lbj tlefbh tk` rcm` tkfs tc n`acg` fggub` tc pcfscbs icr l
ci wftak jcatcr cr g`jfafb`-glb lgcbh  wkcm` ljv`btur`.
tk` j`s`rt trfn`s, wkfm` rfsefbh kfs gfbj  - : @mft` `ss`ba`s? Lhfmfty slmv`. Vcu gly 
wftk `v`ry wcubj k`lm`j. us` tkfs tc ljj +< tc l aklrlat`r‖s J`-
i`bs` jurfbh lb ljv`btur`.
LJYLBA@J L^AK@ZVT@Q  Lb lpctk`alry
lpctk`alry kls m`lrb`j kcw tc trlbs-
` icmmcwfbh mfst skcws wklt typ` ci   icrg tk` r`gl
r`glfbs
fbs ci n`lsts twfst`j ny jlre
aklrlat`rs tk` pmly`r alb strfv` tcwlrj `b`rhf`s fbtc us`ium r`g`jf`s lbj pctfcbs.
pmlyfbh wftk. @lak lrak`typ` j`sarfn`s `fr wcre fs v`ry lppr`aflt`j lgcbh 
wkfak stlts, sefmms lbj sp`mms lr` b`a`s- tkcs` wkc jlr` cppcs` tk` Zyrlbts lbj 
slry tc klv` fb crj`r tc n` lnm` tc n`- tk`fr icra`s, c󰀄`b prcvfjfbh l guak
acg` slfj lrak`typ`. Cba` ycur b``j`j `jh` lhlfbst tk`g.
aklrlat`rs n`acg` l sp`af󿬌a lrak`typ`
tk` n`b`󿬌ts tklt acg` wftk ft n`acg` Nmccjslh`
p`rglb`bt, `v`b wk`b tk`y aklbh` tc l ^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? >0
jfffl`r`bt lrak`typ` l󰀄`rwlrjs. ^`qufr`s ebcwfbh lby twc sp`mms, cb` ci 
@xlgpm`? Gfe` kls kfs `y` cb glefbh cb` wkfak gust n` l nmccj sp`mm.
ci kfs aklrlat`rs n`acg` l Xltakglb. L nmccjslh` gly jrlfb lbctk`r aklrla-
Xftk tklt hclm fb gfbj, `lak tfg` k` m`v`ms t`r‖s wcubjs lbj fb󿬎fat tk`g upcb kfg-
up k` sp`bjs kfs @T cb l wly tklt wfmm  s`mi. Cba` p`r jly/ljv`btur`, l
`v`btulmmy ium󿬌mm tk` r`qufr`g`bts j`- nmccjslh` gly k`lm lby bugn`r ci 
sarfn`j cb tk` Xltakglb s`atfcb. Qtlrtfbh  wcubjs ircg lbctk`r aklrlat`r, lbj tk`
ls l Nrlwm`r lt m`v`m <, k` kls <4 K`lmtk nmccjslh` wfmm r`a`fv` `qulm lgcubt ci 
lbj +< J`i`bs`. Zc n`acg` l Xltakglb jlglh`. K` wfmm tk`b r`h`b`rlt` <
k` b``js tc klv` <: K`lmtk, +> J`i`bs`, wcubj p`r rccg cr acrrfjcr `xpmcr`j,
+< Xfmm ^`sfstlba`, lbj tk` J`i`bsfv` ubtfm k` fs iummy k`lm`j, cr sfgpmy iummy 
stlba` sefmm. Lt m`v`m > lbj 1 k` sp`bjs kfs k`lm l jly l󰀄`r.
> @T cb rlfsfbh kfs aklrlat`r‖s k`lmtk tc l `r` fs pcw`r fb nmccj, lbj tk` nmccjslh`
tctlm ci <: (> @T sp`bt p`r m`v`m). Lt m`v`m  kls m`lrb`j kcw tc us` ft icr tk` hr`lt`r 
:, k` sp`bjs < @T cb Xfmm r`sfstlba`, lbj   hccj. Ny slarf󿬌
slarf󿬌afbh
afbh kfs 󿬎`sk (lbj scum,
< cb J`i`bs`. Ifblmmy, lt m`v`m 0 k` sp`bjs gcr` c󰀄`b tklb bct) k` j`sp`rlt`my kcp`s
kfs > @T cb tk` J`i`bsfv` stlba` sefmm, cfi- k` fs glefbh tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb l
aflmmy glefbh kfs aklrlat`r l Xltakglb. n`tt`r pmla`.
 

@x`autfcb`r Tuhfmfst
^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? <1 / +1 Lttlae / ^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? >4 / +: Lttlae /
+< Qtr`bhtk ^`sfstlba` +1 J`i`bs`
^`qufr`j sefmm? X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ ^`qufr`j sefmm? Pblrg`j
Pblrg`j acgnlt
twc-klbj`j lx`. Cba` p`r ljv`btur`, l puhfmfst gly p`r-
Cba` p`r tcwb vfsft, lb `x`autfcb`r gly  icrg l icaus`j upp`raut5
upp`raut5 rcmm tk` Lt
Lttlae 
tlae 
lse tk` tcwb `mj`rs icr wcre. ^cmm l J<45 jf` tkr`` tfg`s, lbj
cb l rcmm ci <-; k` kls lb `x`autfcb tc akccs` tk` n`st
n `st r`sumt. Fi tk` upp`raut lt-
tle` alr` ci, `lrbfbh J<4 sk`mms. tlae kfts lb @mft` gcbst`r, ft fb󿬎fats > KT
<;
I`lr`j fb lmgcst lby afvfmfz`j pmla`, `x`- ci jlglh`.
autfcb`rs trlbsicrg tk`fr sefmms fb wf`mjfbh  Xk`b tkfbhs stlrt k`ltfbh up, l puhfmfst 
k`lvy w`lpcbs fbtc l prc󿬌tlnm` wly ci  j`afj`s tc m`lv` lmm w`lpcbs lsfj` lbj 
mfi`. trust kfs cwb 󿬌sts cv`r lbytkfbh `ms`. V`lrs
ci trlfbfbh fb tk` tcuhk str``ts ci tk` Irla-
G`bj`r tur`j Jcgfbfcb klv` hfv`b kfg lb `jh`,
^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk <6 / +1 J`i`bs` / lb `jh` k` bcw lppmf`s lhlfbst lby cppc-
+< Xfmm ^`sfstlba` / +> Tcfscb ^`sfst- b`bt, n` ft ircg tkfs wcrmj cr lbctk`r cb`.
lba`
Cba` p`r ljv`btur` cr jly, l g`bj`r Turf󿬌`r
gly k`lm J<4 + m`v`m wcubjs ircg l ^`qufr`j Qtlts? K`lmtk? <; / +1 Lttlae /
aklrlat`r. +1 J`i`bs` / +: Glhfa ^`sfstlba`
 L g`bj`r
g`bj`r fs l trlj
trljftfcb
ftfcblm
lm k`lm`r
k`lm`r, r`sp`
r`sp`at`j 
at`j  ^`qufr`j sefmm? ^`sfst glhfa.
ny kfs acggubfty icr kfs fbsfst`ba` cb N`acgfbh l Turf󿬌`r lmmcws tk`
t k` aklrlat`r
usfbh trljftfcblm k`lmfbh g`tkcjs, fbst`lj  tc lmwlys ljj klmi kfs m`v`m tc lby lttlae 
ci r`aurrfbh tc tk` us` ci jlre lrts. lhlfbst glhfa-alstfbh ar`ltur`s.
ar`ltur`s.
Cba` l aklrlat`r n`acg`s l purf󿬌`r, k`
T`bft`bt fs bct lmmcw`j tc m`lrb cr alst sp`mms ci 
^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk >4 / +> Xfmm ^`- lby efbj.
sfstlba` Klvfbh wftb`ss`j icr tcc mcbh tk` acrrup-
^`qufr`j sefmm? X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ tfv` `ffl`ats ci glhfa, l purf󿬌`r fs l aklr-
amun lat`r tklt j`afj`s tc tle` gltt`rs fbtc kfs
Bc @T gly klv` n``b sp`bt cb J`i`bs` cwb klbjs, kubtfbh jcwb lby sp`mmalst`r 
aklrlat`r‖s lbj sw`lrfbh tc am`lbs` tk` nmfhkt ci glhfa
n`icr` n`acgfbh l p`bft`bt (l aklrlat`r‖s
J`i`bs` stlt gust n` 4).  ircg tkfs mlbj.
mlbj.
Ls l p`bft`bt, l󰀄`r mccsfbh tkr`` K`lmtk
Tcfbts ycur b`xt lttlae kls l +: tc ft. Qakcmlr
fs ncbus jc`s bct p`rsfst n`tw``b ^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? <> / +> Glhfa ^`-
󿬌hkts, lbj gust n` us`j fgg`jflt`my. sfstlba`
 L p`bft`bt fs cb` tklt i``ms k` kls sfbs tc ^`qufr`s ebcwfbh lby icur sp`mms.
ltcb` tc, purpcs`my puttfbh kfgs`mi fb jlb- N`acgfbh l sakcmlr hrlbts lb `xtrl jlfmy 
aklbb`mm tk` us` tc lby ebcwb sp`mm.
 h`rcus sftultfcbs. `y tk`b aklbb`
 plfb lbj sklg` tk`y i``m fbtc pur` rlh`, Qakcmlrs lr` lmwlys icubj fb lnlbjcb`j 
am`lbsfbh tk`gs`mv`s ircg plst gfstle`s. rufbs lbj icrnfjj`b pmla`s, mccefbh icr tk`
s`ar`t ebcwm`jh` m`󰀄 n`kfbj ny tk` glj 
 

lbj tk` pcw`rium, klmi-ebcwfbhmy j`- Qtlme`rs m`lrb tk`fr trlj` fb tk` Mlbj ci 
sa`bjfbh tcwlrj tk` slg` jlre pmla` fb tk` Acbqu`r`j Qub, lbj ft fs tk` skljcws
tk`fr gfbjs tklt j`strcy`j tk`fr pr`j`a`s- wk`r` tk`y 󿬌bj tk`gs`mv`s gcst acgicrt-
scrs. lnm`. `fr plat wftk tk` bfhkt hrlbts tk`g
 pr`jltcr-m
 pr`jl tcr-mfe`
fe` l
lnfmftf`
nfmftf`s,
s, lbj
lbj tk`y
tk`y lr
lr`` i`
i`lr`j 
lr`j 
Qmlv` Glst`r larcss tk` wkcm` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb.
^`qufr`j Qtlts? K`lmtk? >4 / +> Lttlae /
+1 J`i`bs` / +: Xfmm ^`sfstlba` Xltakglb
N`acgfbh l smlv` glst`r hrlbts tk` ^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk? <: / +> J`i`bs` /
<6
M`lj`rskfp sefmm. +< Xfmm ^`sfstlba`
 L smlv` glst`r fs scg`cb` wkc fs us`j tc ^`qufr`j sefmm? J`i`bsfv` stlba`
glefbh ctk`rs mfst`b tc kfs acgglbjs, l N`acgfbh l Xltakglb hrlbts tk` Qkf`m Qkf`mjj
surprfsfbhmy us`ium trlft fb tk` gfjjm` ci l nlsk sefmm.
nmccjy g`m``.  Ls sccb ls l s`ttm`
s`ttm`g`bt
g`bt stlrts
stlrts tc hr
hrcw
cw,, tk`
b`a`ssfty ci kfrfbh wltakg`b n`acg`s
Qtlme`r am`lr. `s` sp`aflmfz`j wlrrfcrs r`my cb
^`qufr`j stlts? K`lmtk <1 / +1 Lttlae / +> tk`fr skf`mj tc e``p tk`g sli` ircg tk` ir`-
Tcfscb r`sfstlba` qu`bt lsslumts ci pfmmlh`rs lbj tk` caal-
^`qufr`j sp`mm? Fbvfsfnfmfty 
Fbvfsfnfmfty  sfcblm jrube`b nlr 󿬌hkt.
N`acgfbh l stlme`r hrlbts tk` Bfhkt vf-
sfcb sefmm.
 

QEFMMQ
Qefmms lr` sp`aflm lnfmftf`s l pmly`r aklrlat`r kls m`lrb`j jurfbh kfs trlv`ms lbj `xp`-
rf`ba`s. `y alb rlbh` ircg tk` lhhr`ssfv` lbj latfv`, tc tk` j`i`bsfv` lbj plssfv`,
cr sftultfcblm. Ls w` klv` g`btfcb`j n`icr`, gcst sefmms lr` laqufr`j ny sp`bjfbh
@bklba`g`bt Tcfbts cb tk`g upcb m`v`mfbh up, nut l i`w gly cbmy n` cntlfb`j ny 
n`acgfbh l a`rtlfb lrak`typ`. ` icmmcwfbh mfst j`sarfn`s tk` sefmms tk` pmly`r aklr-
lat`r‖ss gly cntlfb. ` mfst
lat`r‖ m fst skcws tk`
t k` sefmm‖s blg`, icmmcw`j ny kcw glby @T acsts tc
purakls` slfj sefmm, icmmcw`j ny l j`sarfptfcb ci tk` sefmm‖s
sefmm‖s `ffl`at.
>

QEF
EFMM
MM MF
MFQZ
QZ
Lncgfbltfcb smly`r (< @T)
L aklrlat`r wftk tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst lncgfbltfcbs.
lncgfbltfcbs.

N`lst smly`r (< @T)

L aklrlat`r wftk tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst n`lsts.

Nrlwby (< @T)

Fbar`ls` ycur Alrryfbh Alplafty ny <4.

Nrfjm` tk` jlreb`ss (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

Fbar`ls` ycur Glx Acrruptfcb ny <.

Acgnlt trlfbfbh (> @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc ycur g`m`` Lttlae rcmms.

J`i`bsfv` stlba` (> @T)

J`i`bsfv`
Ljj ycur M`v`m tc ycur J`i`bs` rcmms.

Jfslrg trlps (< @T)

` aklrlat`r rcmms l J<4, lbj ljjs kfs m`v`m. Fi k` n`lts tk` trlp‖s m`v`m (cr rcmms l
<4), k` bctfa`s tk` trlp lbj jfslrgs ft, cr wlrbs tk` r`st ci tk` plrty oust fb tfg`.
Fi k` ilfms, (cr rcmms l <), tk` trlp hc`s cffl ls bcrglm.

Julm wf`mjfbh (> @T)

@xtrl lttlae wftk tk` cffl-klbj, bc ncbus`s lr` lmmcw`j. fs g`lbs k` gly cbmy 
rcmm l J<4 wftk tklt s`acbj lttlae, lbj tk` rcmm wfmm
wf mm n` tk` 󿬌blm r`sumt.

I`fbt (< @T)

^cmm > J`i`bs` jfa`, akccs` tk` kfhk`st.
 

Ifb`ss` (< @T)

^cmm > Lttlae jfa`, akccs` tk` kfhk`st.

If`mj g`jfa (< @T)

Nlbjlh`s k`lm > wcubjs, fbst`lj ci <.

Icrlhfbh (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

fs aklrlat`r acbsug`s klmi tk` lgcubt ci suppmf`s p`r jly,
jly, tklbes tc kfs lnfmfty 
tc 󿬌bj iccj lbj wlt`r scura`s.
><
Klhhm`r (< @T)
Vcu alb s`mm ycur cntlfb`j mcct icr iumm
ium m prfa`, fbst`lj ci tk` r`humlr klmi.

Kcmj nlae tk` jlreb`ss (< @T)

+< wk`b rcmmfbh lhlfbst l sp`mm's Acrruptfcb
A crruptfcb M`v`m.

Fbacrruptfnm` (: @T)
Ljj ycur m`v`m wk`b rcmmfbh lhlfbst l sp`mm's Acrruptfcb M`v`m.
M`lj`rskfp (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)
Xk`b rcmmfbh icr fbftfltfv`, ycur hrcup
hrcup rcmms l J<4 fbst`lj ci J0.

Mcaepfaefbh (< @T)

Lmmcws tk` aklrlat`r tc ltt`gpt pfaefbh l mcae. Ljj tk` aklrlat`r's m`v`m tc tk`
rcmm wk`b ltt`gptfbh tc pfae l mcae.

Glresglb (< @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc ycur rlbh`j Lttlae rcmms.

Gfhkty (< @T)

Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Qtr`bhtk ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.

Bfhkt vfsfcb (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

` aklrlat`r jc`sb't b``j l scura`
s cura` ci mfhkt lbj r`a`fv`s bc p`blmtf`s wk`b 󿬌hkt-
fbh fb tk` jlre.

^`sfst glhfa (< @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc lby Glhfa ^`sfstlba` slv`
s lv` rcmm.

Qkf`mj wlmm (< @T)

+> tc J`i`bs` rcmms wk`b usfbh l skf`mj, fbst`lj ci +<.
 

Qkf`mj nlsk (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

Cba` p`r `bacubt`r,
`bacubt`r, lbj cbmy wkfm` `qufpp`j wftk l skf`mj, ycu alb p`ricrg lb
`xtrl lttlae. ` lttlae vlmu` fs j`t`rgfb`j pur`my ny tk` jf` rcmm5 bc sefmm ncbus`s
lr` lppmf`j.

Qble` nmccj (< @T)

Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Tcfscb ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.

Qtrcbh wfmm (< @T)

>> Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Xfmm ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.

Pblrg`j acgnlt (< @T)

` aklrlat`r gly n`b`󿬌t ircg kfs Lttlae sefmm `v`b wk`b ublrg`j.

Pbj`lj smly`r (< @T)

L aklrlat`r wftk tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst ubj`lj `b`gf`s.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j amun (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh lby cb`-klbj`j amun cr gla`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j amun (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh lby twc-klbj`j amun cr gla`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j swcrj (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l twc-klbj`j swcrj.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j lx` (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l twc-klbj`j lx`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ stlffl (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l stlffl.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ sp`lr (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l sp`lr.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j swcrj (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l cb`-klbj`j swcrj.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j lx` (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l cb`-klbj`j lx`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ jlhh`r (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l jlhh`r.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ ncw (< @T)
+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l ncw.
X`mm accrjfblt`j (< @T)
Ljj ycur M`v`m tc lby J`xt`rfty ^`sfstlba` slv`
s lv` rcmm.
GLHFA LBJ QT@MMQ
Glhfa fs l v`ry jlbh`rcus lbj ilfrmy rlr`
tkfbh fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. Ft fs
usulmmy lsscaflt`j wftk tk` Zyrlbts lbj
tk`fr glst`rs, tk` Trfgcrjflm Cb`s,
wkfak g`lbs tklt fb glby pmla`s l p`r-
scb wfmm n` fgg`jflt`my efmm`j fi s``b
alstfbh l sp`mm. Gcst c󰀄`b tklb bct, lby-
cb` j`lmfbh wftk tk` icrnfjj`b lrts wfmm
`bj kfs jlys ls cb` ci tk` acubtm`ss
lncgfbltfcbs tklt rclg tk` Qlvlh`
Qlbjs... J`spft` tkfs, glby lr` tkcs` wkc
s`lrak icrhctt`b rufbs kcpfbh tc 󿬌bj
tcg`s ci pcw`r acbtlfbfbh tk` s`ar`t tc
n`acg` l Zyrlbt tk`gs`mv`s, cr lt m`lst
tc mfv` lb `lsf`r, mcbh`r mfi`.
` cbmy wly pmly`r aklrlat`rs
klv` ci cntlfbfbh l sp`mm (lsfj` ircg tk`
stlrtfbh lrak`typ`s‖ sp`mms) fs ny 󿬌bjfbh
l sarcmm cr tcg` ci sp`mms. Cba` l aklrla-
t`r 󿬌bjs l sp`mm k` wlbts tc m`lrb, k`
gust sp`bj tk` @T acst tc cntlfb ft. fs
wfmm hrlbt kfg l sfbhm` us` ci tklt sp`mm
p`r jly cr ljv`btur`. Iurtk`r us`s gly  K` gly bct n` r`surr`at`j fb lby wly.
n` purakls`j lt l acst ci < @T, r`hlrjm`ss
ci tk` fbftflm @T acst. Fi l aklrlat`r
jc`sb‖t klv` `bcuhk @T tc m`lrb l sp`mm
rfhkt lwly,
lwly, k` gly sfgpmy e``p tk` sarcmm
sarcm m
cr tcg` fb kfs fbv`btcry, ubtfm k` fs r`ljy  m`lrb ft, k` gust rcmm lhlfbst tk` sp`mm‖s AM
tc m`lrb ft. Cbmy cb` aklrlat`r gly m`lrb
l sp`mm lt l tfg` ircg cb` scura`, lbj tk`
sarcmm cr tcg` fs j`strcy`j fb tk` prca`ss.
Lb `v`b jlre`r icrg ci glhfa
fs Nmccj glhfa. fs twfst`j lrt r`qufr`s
tk` alst`r tc spfmm kfs cwb nmccj fb crj`r
>1
tc alst tk` sp`mm. fs fs jcb` ny slarf󿬌a-
fbh K`lmtk Tcfbts,
Tcfbts, ls fs j`sarfn`j fb `lak
Nmccj glhfa sp`mm.
Acrruptfcb
@lak sp`mm kls l Acrruptfcb M`v`m (AM).
` pmly`r aklrlat`r alstfbh tk` sp`mm
gust rcmm lhlfbst tklt m`v`m. Icr `xlgpm`,
tk` AM ci Qkljcw 󿬎lg`s fs 9, wkfak
g`lbs tklt tk` aklrlat`r gust rcmm l 9 cr
gcr`. Fi tk` aklrlat`r ilfms tk` rcmm, tk`
sp`mm stfmm wcres (ubm`ss k` rcmms l <, fb
wkfak als` ft jc`sb‖t) nut tk`y hlfb <
Acrruptfcb Tcfbt (AT).
`r` lr` l i`w wlys ci e``pfbh
tk` acrruptfcb lt nly, nut tk` gcst acg-
gcb cb`s lr` j`i`ltfbh l tyrlbt cr acg-
pm`tfbh l tlse. Tmly`r aklrlat`rs tklt
j`i`lt l tyrlbt cr suaa`ssiummy acgpm`t`
l tlse gly r`gcv` > AT.
Cba` l aklrlat`r r`lak`s kfs
glx Acrruptfcb lmmcw`j, k` fs frr`g`jf-
lnmy mcst, lbj fs tc n` acbsfj`r`j j`lj.
M`lrbfbh l sp`mm
Cba` l aklrlat`r cntlfbs l sp`mm k` wlbts
lbj kls tk` @T b`a`sslry fb crj`r tc
usfbh kfs Glhfa ^`sfstlba`. Fi k` plss`s,
k` m`lrbs tk` sp`mm. Fi k` ilfms, kfs gfbj fs
󿬎ccj`j ny vfsfcbs tklt w`r` bct g`lbt
icr l kuglb gfbj tc s``, lbj hlfbs <
Acrruptfcb Tcfbt. K` gly r`-try m`lrb-
fbh tk` sp`mm >: kcurs mlt`r. Fi tkfs fs tk`
 

QT@MM ZLNM@ (J<4)

< ‑ Nfbj J`ltk
> ‑ Nr`ltk ci A‖ltkrkf
1 ‑ Alut`rfz`
: ‑ Am`lbs` pcfscb
0 ‑ Ifbj trlps
9 ‑ Fbvfsfnfmfty 
8 ‑ Crn ci mfhkt
>: ; ‑ Tlfb trlbsi`r
6 ‑ ^`h`b`rltfcb
^`h`b`rltfcb
<4 ‑ Qkljcw 󿬎lg`s

`bj ci ycur hlgfbh s`ssfcb icr tk` jly,
sfgpmy rcmm ubtfm tk` aklrlat`r plss`s tk`
sefmm t`st, nut ljjfbh l AT p`r
p `r ilfmur`.
Bct` tklt bc @T lr` sp`bt ubtfm
tk` sp`mm fs latulmmy m`lrb`j.
Qp`mm mfst  
 
- Nfbj j`ltk (< @T)? AM8. Nmccj glhfa.
Z`btlam`s ci nmccj skcct ircg tk` alst`r‖s
lrgs. Icr `lak K`lmtk pcfbt tk` alst`r
slarf󿬌a`s, k` j`lms J0 jfr`at jlglh` tc
lb ubj`lj `b`gy.
- Nr`ltk ci A‖ltkrkf (> @T)? AM;. Nmccj
glhfa. ` alst`r gust slarf󿬌a` < KT. L
KT. L
r`j gfst icrgs lbj wrlps lrcubj tk` `b-
`gf`s, pcfscbfbh tk`g.
tk`g. J`lm J<4 jlglh`
tc `lak `b`gy.
- Alut`rfz` (< @T)? AM:. L
AM:. L s`lrfbh,
s`lrfbh, k`mm
k`mmfsk
fsk
k`lt amcs`s tk` aklrlat`r‖s wcubjs.
wcubjs. K`lm
<j<4 + M ircg cb` aklrlat`r.
- Am`lbs` pcfscb (< @T)? AM:. ` alst`r  `b`gy. Vcu p`ricrg ycur b`xt lttlae
suggcbs l nmlae b``jm` tklt jfhs fbtc tk`
aklrlat`r‖s 󿬎`sk, am`lbsfbh ft ircg pcfscb.
^`gcv` tk` b`hltfv` `ffl`ats ci l pcfscb
ircg cb` aklrlat`r.
- Ifbj trlps (< @T)? AM:.  L blus`ltfbh 
s`bsltfcb fbvlj`s tk` alst`r wkfm` cb tk`
prcxfgfty
prcxfgfty ci l trlp
trlp.. Jurfbh tk` r`glfb-
j`r ci tk` ljv`btur` (fi fb lb fbt`rfcr s`t-
tfbh) cr l iumm jly (wk`b cutsfj`), tk`
aklrlat`r alb j`t`at lby trlps n`icr`
tk`y lr` latfvlt`j. Bctfa` tklt tkfs jc`s
bct g`lb tk` trlp fs b`utrlmfz`j5 tk`
plrty wfmm stfmm b``j tc 󿬌bj l wly ci jfs-
lrgfbh ft, cr gly sfgpmy lvcfj tk` lr`l
wk`r` tk` trlp fs mcalt`j.
mc alt`j.
- Fbvfsfnfmfty (< @T)? AM9. ` alst`r‖s
skljcw `bv`mcp`s kfg, glefbh kfg jfs-
lpp`lr tc tk` ble`j `y`. Lt tk` n`hfbbfbh
ci ycur turb, ycu gly alst tkfs sp`mm tc
n`acg` fbvfsfnm` lbj sb`le n`kfbj tk`
 
 

wftk l +1, lbj `b`gf`s alb‖t tlrh`t ycu fb tk` tkcuslbjs ci sk`mms, k` fs alrryfbh
tklt turb. gcst ci tk`g fb tk` icrg ci pr`afcus
- Crn ci mfhkt (< @T)? AM9. Quggcbs lb stcb`s, suak ls jflgcbjs lbj runf`s. Icr
crn ci nm`le mfhkt tklt lmmcws ycu lbj ycur  hlg`pmly r`lscbs
r`lscbs tkcuhk w` wfmm
wf mm sfgpmy 
 plrty tc s`` fbsfj` lb fbt`rfcr s`ttfbh cr  `xpr`ss lmm vlmu`s fb sk`mms.
jurfbh tk` bfhkt wftkcut tk` b``j ci  Ju` tc tk` salrafty ci g`tlms,
tcrak`s cr mlgps. Fts `ffl`ats mlst icr l gcst w`lpcbs lbj tccms lr` glj` ci l
wkcm` ljv`btur`. acgnfbltfcb ci ncb`, stcb`, m`ltk`r lbj
- Tlfb trlbsi`r (> @T)? AM8. Nmccj glhfa. wccj. ` ft`gs mfst`j n`mcw lr` tk`
>0
` alst`r smcwmy arcss`s kfs lrgs wftk l cb`s glj` ci tk`s` stlbjlrj glt`rflms.
sklrp nmlj`, m`ttfbh tk` nmccj jrfp cb tk` Cbmy rfak g`raklbts, bcnfmfty lbj scg`
 󿬎ccr,, wk`r`
 󿬎ccr wk`r` ft nursts
nursts fbt
fbtcc 󿬎l
󿬎lg`s.
g`s. Icr `lak `mft` trccps lr` s``b alrryfbh g`tlm
K`lmtk pcfbt tk` alst`r slarf󿬌a`s, k` w`lpcbs cr lrgcr, lmtkcuhk tk`r` fs lm-
j`lms < jfr`at jlglh` tc lb `b`gy. wlys tk` muaey salv`bh`r tklt glblh`s
- ^`h`b`rltfcb (> @T)? AM0. L
AM0. L arust
arust ci mfv- tc 󿬌bj l r`mfa ircg tk` plst nurf`j fb tk`
fbh skljcws icrg lrcubj tk` alst`r‖s rufbs.
wcubjs, pumsltfbh, nut scctkfbh tk` plfb. @v`ry ft`g fb Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb`
` alst`r k`lms J<4+M K`lmtk pcfbts tc lbj Qkljcw kls l w`fhkt, `xpr`ss`j fb
kfgs`mi, lt l rlt` ci cb` p`r
p `r turb. PX. Ny j`ilumt, l pmly`r aklrlat`r gly 
- Qkljcw Imlg`s (> @T)? AM9. Imlg`s alrry up tc :4 PX, lmtkcuhk tk`r` lr`
glj` ci skljcws ougp ircg tk` jlre`st  scg` sefmms lbj ft`gs tklt lmmcw ycu tc
acrb`rs ci tk` rccg, `bhum󿬌bh tk` tlrh`t. fbar`ls` tklt bugn`r. Ft fs lssug`j tklt
Qkljcw Imlg`s j`lms l bugn`r ci KT tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs alrry wftk tk`g
jlglh` `qulm tc tk` alst`r‖
alst`r‖ss rcmm gfbus tk` nlhs lbj sltak`ms fb crj`r tc alrry lmm tk`
`b`gy‖s J`i`bs`, wftk l gfbfgug ci <. h`lr tk`y b``j.
Aklrlat`rs gly purakls` lmm
tk` ft`gs fb tk` mfst n`mcw lt lby ci tk`
@\PFTG@BZ s`ttm`g`bts icubj fb tk` Irlatur`j Jc-
Qfba` g`tlms lr` quft` rlr` fb tk` Irla- gfbfcb. `y gly s`mm tk`fr cwb `qufp-
tur`j Jcgfbfcb, tk` glfb aurr`bay  g`bt lbj mcct icubj fb tk`fr trlv`ms lt
lgcbh s`ttm`g`bts lbj bcglj trfn`s lr` klmi tk` stlbjlrj glre`t prfa`.
s`lsk`mms. Qcg`wklt rlr`, tk`s` alb n`
icubj fb a`rtlfb lr`ls ci tk` wlst`s, (Cptfcblm rum`) Trcvfsfcbs
t`mmfbh l tlm` ci l guak gcr` pm`lslbt Icr tkcs` pmly`rs wlbtfbh l nft gcr` ci 
plst, wk`r` tk` ca`lbs icubj fb tk` r`lmfsg lbj jlbh`r fb tk`fr hlg`s, tk`y 
scutk w`r` y`t tc n` ircz`b. Qcg` ci tk` alb fbtrcjua` tk` acba`pt ci prcvfsfcbs.
sk`mms lr` sfgpmy r`humlr, pcmfsk`j Aklrlat`rs b``j tc alrry prcvfsfcbs wftk
s`lsk`mms, wkfm` ctk`rs klv` l s`ttm`g`bt‖
s`ttm`g`bt‖ss tk`g tc survfv` (tkfs fbamuj`s wlt`r). L
sfhfm alrv`j cb tk`g, cr `v`b l Zyrlbt‖s pmly`r aklrlat`r wfmm b``j tc acbsug` <
blg` cr p`rscblm s`lm. Qcg`tfg`s pr`- rltfcb p`r jly tc n` fb cptfglm acbjftfcb.
afcus lbj s`gf-pr`afcus stcb`s lr` us`j Fi tk`y jc bct jc sc, tk`y wfmm suffl`r l -<
fbst`lj ci sk`mms, sfba` tk`y lr` sglmm`r tc lmm rcmms l󰀄`r tkr`` jlys wftkcut prc-
lbj gcr` prlatfalm. Ft fs lssug`j tklt  vfsfcbs, ubtfm tk`y `lt
`lt lhlfb.
wk`b l aklrlat`r kls l w`lmtk g`lsur`j
 

@\PFT
\PFTG@BZ
G@BZ MFQZ
Lbtfjct` ‑ >4 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
Nlbjlh` - 0 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
A`stus ‑ 0 sk`mms ‑ > PX
K`lmfbh tfbatur` - <04 sk`mms ‑ < PX
K`lvy lrgcr
lrgcr - 14 sk`mms ‑ <0 PX
Kcrs` ‑ >04 sk`mms
Mlbt`rb - 1 sk`mms ‑ < PX
>9 Mfhkt lrgcr
lrgcr - <4 sk`mms
sk`mms ‑ <4 PX
Mcae pfaes ‑ <4 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
Mcbh ncw ‑ 14 sk`mms ‑ ; PX
Gum` ‑ <04 sk`mms
Cb`-klbj`j w`lpcb (jlhh`r,
(jlhh`r, swcrj, lx`, gla`) - 9 sk`mms ‑ ; PX
^ltfcbs - < sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
^cp` - : sk`mms ‑ < PX
Qkf`mj - 0 sk`mms ‑ 9 PX
Qkcrt ncw - <0 sk`mms ‑ 9 PX
Qp`lr ‑ <> sk`mms ‑ ; PX
Zwc-klbj`j w`lpcb (stlffl, amun, klgg`r, swcrj, lx`) - <0 sk`mms ‑ <> PX

Lbtfjct`? L pmly`r aklrlat`r gly jrfbe  tfcb tklb tk` stlbjlrj m`ltk`r mfhkt
tkfs tc h`t rfj ci tk` `ffl`ats ci pcfscb. lrgcr, nut lmmcwfbh m`ss ir``jcg ci 
gcv`g`bt. +> tc J`i`bs`, -< tc J`xt`r-
Nlbjlh`? Cba` p`r jly cr ljv`btur`, ycu fty ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmms.
gly us` l nlbjlh` tc k`lm < wcubj.
Kcrs`? fs sturjy lbfglm wfmm lmmcw tk`
A`stus? L m`ltk`r nlttm` hmcv` tklt alb n` aklrlat`r tc alrry lbctk`r :4 PX wftk
us`j fb ublrg`j acgnlt. +< Lttlae  kfg. Ft lmsc lmmcws tk` aklrlat`r tc trlbs-
wk`b ublrg`j.  v`rs` t`rrlfb lt jcunm` tk` bcrglm sp``j,
`ffl`atfv`my r`juafbh tk` lgcubt ci rl-
K`lmfbh tfbatur`? Ls fts blg` fbjfalt`s, tfcbs b``j`j ny klmi. Fbst`lj ci acbsug-
tkfs fs l r`g`jy tklt aklrlat`rs gly us` fbh < rltfcb p`r jly ci trlv`m, ycu
tc k`lm tk`fr wcubjs. L aklrlat`r gly  acbsug` < `lak twc jlys ci trlv`m.
us` ft cb kfgs`mi tc k`lm tc iumm
ium m k`lmtk. Ft
gly n` us`j fb acgnlt, fbst`lj ci lttlae- Mlbt`rb? L nlsfa scura`s cura` ci mfhkt, gcr` r`-
fbh cr alstfbh l sp`mm. Cbmy cb` gly n` mflnm` tklb l sfgpm` tcrak. B``j`j fb
us`j p`r jly/ljv`btur`. crj`r tc `xpmcr` alv`s lbj ctk`r jlre 
pmla`s, tk` aklrlat`r fb aklrh` ci alrry-
K`lvy lrgcr? Lb lsscrtg`bt ci pf`a`s ci  fbh ft wfmm cbmy klv` cb` ir`` klbj, g`lb-
m`ltk`r lbj ncb` s`wb tch`tk`r fb jfffl`r-
jf ffl`r- fbh tklt k` wfmm bct n` lnm` tc `qufp
`bt mly`rs, cffl`rfbh guak gcr` prct`a- twc-klbj`j w`lpcbs, ncws cr skf`mjs.
 

Bct alrryfbh l mfhkt scura` wkfm` 󿬌hktfbh Qkf`mj? L sturjy irlg` ci ncb`s lbj
lm m Lttlae  scg` m`ltk`r fs c󰀄`b lmm tklt s`plrlt`s l
fb tk` jlre wfmm r`sumt fb l -1 tc lmm
lbj J`i`bs` rcmms. wlrrfcr ircg a`rtlfb j`ltk. +< tc J`-
i`bs`, r`qufr`s l ir`` klbj.
Mfhkt lrgcr? Acgpcs`j glfbmy ci 
m`ltk`r lbj ctk`r mfhkt glt`rflms, suak ls Qkcrt ncw? ` gcst acggcb v`rsfcb ci 
strcbh pmlbt 󿬌n`rs lbj kcmmcw ncb`s, tkfs l ncw,
ncw, us`j ny kubt`rs
kubt`rs tc efmm
efm m sglmm pr`y 
typ` ci lrgcr cffl`rs prct`atfcb wkfm` lm- lmm cv`r tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. Cbmy 
mcwfbh tk` aklrlat`r ir``jcg ci gcv`- uslnm` jurfbh cutjccr `bacubt`rs, ir``
>8
g`bt. +< tc J`i`bs`. lttlae lt tk` n`hfbbfbh ci l 󿬌hkt.

Mcae pfaes? L nlsfa tccm icr lbycb` try-
fbh tc h`t fbtc pmla`s scg`cb` `ms`
jc`sb‖t wlbt tk`g h`ttfbh fbtc. Ft lmmcws
tk` aklrlat`r tc ltt`gpt cp`bfbh l
mcae`j jccr cr acbtlfb`r.
Mcbh ncw? Ft lmmcws l aklrlat`r tc lttlae  gcr` tklb twc aklrlat`rs).
ircg l jfstlba`, fj`lm icr cutjccr `b-
acubt`rs nut
nut bct v`ry us`ium wkfm` 󿬌hkt-
fbh fb alv`s cr fbsfj` l nufmjfbh. +< tc
Lttlae, ycu h`t l ir`` lttlae lt tk` n`hfb-
n`hf b-
bfbh ci l 󿬌hkt. Cbmy uslnm` fb cutjccrs
`bacubt`rs.
Qp`lr? Cb` ci tk` gcst ubfv`rslm
w`lpcbs, ft alb rlbh` ircg l sfgpm`
sklrp stfae tc n`lutfiummy alrv`j
ncb`tfps. L sp`lr lmmcws l aklrlat`r
wf`mjfbh ft tc lttlae ircg tk` nlae rcw 
fb acrrfjcr `bacubt`rs (fi tk` plrt kls
Zwc-klbj`j w`lpcb? ` nfhh`st lbj
c󰀄`b j`ljmf`st w`lpcbs ilmm fbtc tkfs alt-
`hcry. Ft gust n` wf`mj`j wftk twc
klbjs, nut ft hrlbts l +< tc Lttlae rcmms.

Gum`? L acggcb sfhkt lgcbh tk`

bcglj trfn`s, tk` gum` lmmcws l aklrla-
t`r tc alrry lb `xtrl 14 PX wftk kfg.

Cb`-klbj`j w`lpcb? Lby tccm cr

w`lpcb us`j prfglrfmy
prfglrf my wftk cb` klbj. Ft
alb rlbh` ircg l jlhh`r, tc l pfaelx`.

^ltfcbs? Lmm aklrlat`rs b``j l gfbfgug

ci < rltfcb p`r jly. fs fbamuj`s scg`
jrf`j irufts lbj g`lts, lbj gcst fgpcr-
tlbtmy, wlt`r.

^cp`? Cb` ci tk` gcst v`rsltfm` ft`gs l

aklrlat`r gly alrry wftk kfg, tkfs wfmm
lmmcw kfg tc amfgn cut ci kcm`s lbj cv`r
wlmms, cr `v`b tf` scg`cb`, fi ft w`r` b`a-
`sslry.
 

TMLVF
VFBH
BH ZK@ HLG@
Bcw tklt w` klv` l acupm` ci ljv`btur- lbj tk`y b``j l pmla` tc r`turb tc n`-
`rs r`ljy tc `xpmcr` tk` twfmfhkt mlbjs ci  tw``b 󿬌hkts. Ps`
Ps` tk` Gl
Glp
p mch tc wrft`

tk` Irlatur`j
tc ebcw kcw tcJcgfbfcb,
jc sc, wkltycu
ycuwfmm
wfmmb``j
󿬌bj jcwb wklt󿬌mm`j
ycu klv` ycu 󿬌bj
up lcb `lak
k`x k`x.sfgpmy 
glp, Cba`
jurfbh ycur trlv`ms, lbj kcw tc j`lm wftk prfbt cut lbctk`r cb` lbj stlrt lhlfb cb
wklt ycu 󿬌bj. tk` k`x #<. ` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb fs l
>;
nfh pmla`!
@[TMC^FBH ZK@ I^LAZP^@J Ft fs fgpcrtlbt tc r`g`gn`r
JCGFBFCB tklt wk`b trlv`mfbh tkrcuhk lmr`ljy `x-
Zc n`hfb ycur ljv`btur`, ycu wfmm stlrt pmcr`j t`rrlfb, ycu gust rcmm l J<4 fb
wftk ycur plrty cb tk` k`x #< ci tk` `lak k`x ycu plss tkrcuhk (`xa`pt icr
Cv`rwcrmj K`x Glp. fs 󿬌rst k`x fs s`ttm`g`bts lbj cls`s). Fi tk` r`sumt fs l <
acbsfj`r`j `gpty, sc ycu wfmm b``j tc cr >, tk` plrty fs lttlae`j ny l rlbjcg
akcs` l jfr`atfcb lbj rcmm cba` p`r k`x. `b`gy (ak`ae tk` ^lbjcg @bacubt`r
@lak k`x fs@lak
tc `xpmcr`. acbsfj`r`j
i`ltur`tcycu
tle` l iumm
ium m jly 
ubacv`r cb tlnm`).
tk` glp fs p`rglb`bt5 ycu wfmm n` lnm` tc ^LBJCG @BACPBZ@^ ZLNM@ (J<4)
r`turb tk`r` mlt`r cb, fi b``j`j. fs fs <-: Y`rgfb
fgpcrtlbt tc ebcw icr wk`b ycur hrcup 0-; If`bjs lbj ic`s
󿬌bjs l pcfbt ci fbt`r`st, suak ls l tcwb, 6-<4 @mft` `b`gy 

K@[  @[TMC^LZFCB ZLNM@ (>j<4)

> ‑ ^uhh`j t`rrlfb. ` plrty sp`bjs twfa` tk` bcrglm lgcubt ci tfg` cb
tkfs k`x (> jlys ny icct, < jly gcubt`j).
1-: ‑ Q`ttm`g`b
Q `ttm`g`bt.t. ` plrty gly r`st k`r`, r`acv`rfbh ircg tk`fr wcubjs,
nuyfbh lbj s`mmfbh `qufpg`bt, lbj glyn` pfaefbh up b`w tlses tc acg-
pm`t`. ^cmm J<4 cb tk` Zlses lbj Gfssfcbs Zlnm` fi ycu wlbt tc hfv` ycur
aklrlat`rs l r`lscb tc `xpmcr` tk` wcrmj n`ycbj sfgpmy 󿬌bjfbh rfak`s lbj
pcw`r.
0 ‑ Cmj acrrupt`j
acrr upt`j t`g
t`gpm`.
pm`. ` aklrlat`rs 󿬌bj tk` rufbs ci lb cmj pmla` ci 
wcrskfp crfhfblmmy fbt`bj`j tc scg` icrhctt`b
icrhctt`b hcj. Ft kls bcw n`acg` tk`
kcg` ci l n`lst. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` `b`gy tlnm`. Fi tk`y glblh` tc j`i`lt tk`
ar`ltur`,
ar`ltu r`, tk` aklrlat`rs klv` am`lbs`j tk` pmla`, lmmcwfbh tk`g tc r`gcv`
cb` AT.
9 ‑ Bfhkt lsslumt! Xkfm` ycur plrty fs sm``pfbh, l hrcup ci `b`gf`s lttlae 
tk`fr algp, lttrlat`j
lttrlat`j ny tk` sg`mm ci iccj.
ic cj. ^cmm cb ttk`
k` If`bjs lbj Ic`s tlnm`,
`b`gf`s lttlae 󿬌rst.
8 ‑ Y`rgfb. L hrcup ci sglmm, kubhry ar`ltur`s lttlaes lttlaes tk` plrty. ^cmm cb
tk` Y`rgfb tlnm`.
; ‑ Gfbfcb. ` plrty acg`s larcss l hrcup ci wlbj`rfbh `b`gf`s. ^cmm
cb tk` If`bjs lbj Ic`s tlnm`.
 

6 ‑ Xfmj lppm` hrcv`. L m`󰀄cv`r ircg l h`btm`r plst, tkfs lppm` hrcv` kls
scg`kcw survfv`j j`spft` tk` klrsk acbjftfcbs. @lak aklrlat`r r`a`fv`s
J<4 ir`` rltfcbs, lbj kls tk` t k` aklba` tc s`mm cr nuy `qufpg`bt ircg tk` mcalm
irf`bjmy bcgljs.
<4 - Xftak ci tk` kfmms. Vcu icmmcw tk` sgce` acgfbh ircg l sglmm algp,
wk`r` ycu 󿬌bj l jlre 󿬌hur` jr`ss`j fb rlhs n`bt cv`r l stcb` alumjrcb. Ft
fs l wcglb ci ubj`t`rgfb`j lh` tklt n`aecbs ycu tc icmmcw k`r fbsfj` tk`
t`bt n`kfbj k`rk `r.. K`sftlbtmy, ycu 󿬌blmmy hc fbs
fbsfj`
fj` l󰀄`r k`r, wk`r` sk` lwlfts
wftk l s`m`atfcb ci acbacatfcbs lbj pctfcbs. K`lmfbh slmv` ‑ 04 sk`mms. Cba` >6
p`r jly/ljv`btur` ycu gly lppmy tkfs slmv` tc k`lm J<4 K`lmtk Tcfbts. Tcf-
scb slmv` ‑ 04 sk`mms. Lppmy tkfs tc n`acg` fggub` tc pcfscbs icr l wkcm`
ljv`btur`. Lhfmfty slmv` ‑ <44 sk`mms. Vcu Vcu gly us` ttkfs
kfs tc ljj
lj j +< tc l aklr-
lat`r‖s J`i`bs` jurfbh lb ljv`btur`. Qk` lmsc cffl`rs tk` pcssfnfmfty ci r`s-
urr`atfbh l ilmm`b acgrlj`, fi tk` ncjy fs nrcuhknrcuhktt tc k`r lbj bc gcr` tklb
l w``e kls plss`j sfba` j`ltk. ^`surr`atfcb rftulm ‑ <,444 sk`mms? rcmm J<4.
Fi ycu rcmm m`ss tklb tk` aklrlat`r‖s m`v`m, tk` aklrlat`r acg`s nlae tc mfi`.
K` suffl`rs l p`rglb`bt -< tc kfs Glx Acrruptfcb, ju` tc tk` mfbh`rfbh
skljcw fb󿬎u`ba`.
<< ‑ ^lvfb`. L blrrcw,
blrrcw, st``p-sfj
st``p-sfj`j
`j vlmm`y aauts
uts tk` plrty‖s ljvlba`. FgFgplss-
plss-
lnm` t`rrlfb.
<> ‑ @mft`
@ mft` `b`gy. ` plrty fs ubicrtublt`
ubicrtublt` `bcuhk tc 󿬌bj l rclgfbh gcb-
strcsfty. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` @b`gy tlnm`.
<1-<: ‑ Alv`. L klmi-vfsfnm` trlfm m`ljs
m`lj s tk` plrty tc wklt lpp`lrs tc n` scg`
scrt ci alv` cr ubj`rhrcubj nufmjfbh. Fi tk` plrty j`afj`s tc `xpmcr` ft, us`
tk` Fbjccr Mcaltfcb h`b`rltfcb rum`s j`sarfn`j n`mcw.
<0-<9 ‑ ^ufbs. ` plrty acg`s larcss l v`stfh` ci tk` plst, klmi nurf`j ny 
tk` slbjs. Fi tk`y j`afj` tc `xpmcr` ft, us` tk` Fbjccr Mca Mcaltfcb
ltfcb h`b`rl
h`b`rltfcb
tfcb
rum`s j`sarfn`j
j`sar fn`j n`mcw.
<8 ‑ Alrlvlb. L hrcup ci irf`bjmy bcgljs cffl`r tc trlj` scg` hccjs. `
plrty gly trlj` ls fi tk`y w`r` lt l s`ttm`g`bt, nut cba` tk`y m`lv` tkfs k`x
tk` alrlvlb wcumj klv` gcv`j gcv`j lmcbh fi tk`y r`turb. ^`-rcmm tkfs k`x fi tk`
plrty acg`s nlae tc ft.
<; ‑ Lnlbjcb`j stcae. Klmi nurf`j cb tk` sfj` ci l icrhctt`b rclj, tk`
plrty 󿬌bjs tk` r`gblbts ci l alrlvlb. `y 󿬌bj >j<4 sk`mms wcrtk ci trlj`
hccjs.
<6->4 ‑ Zyrlbt icrtr`ss. ` gcst tkr`lt`bfbh sfhkt fb tk` t k` Irlatur`j Jc-
gfbfcb, gcst p`cpm` try tc lvcfj tk`g. Qcg` Icrtr`ss`s lr` rum`j ny scg`-
wklt n`bfhb tyrlbts (tk` i`w tklt pcss`s l strcbh `bcuhk `bcuhk wfmm tc r`sfst tk`
pumm ci tk` icra`s ci aklcs), wkfak kls llmmcw`j
mmcw`j s`ttm`g`bts tc hrcw lrcubj
tk`g, ar`ltfbh l s`gnmlba` ci afvfmfzltfcb. Ci acurs`, tkfs fsb‖t fsb‖t lmm tklt jfffl`r-
`bt ircg mfvfbh b`xt tc lb latfv` vcmalbc, sfba` trlh`jy alb strfe` st rfe` wk`b ycu
m`lst susp`at ft. Ps` tk` Fbjccr Mcaltfcb rum`s tc `xpmcr` ft, fi ycu jlr`.
 

Zlses lbj Gfssfcbs Aklrlat`rs gust r`turb tc tk` mcaltfcb ci 

Qcg`tfg`s tk` ljv`btur`rs wfmm acg`
larcss lb fbjfvfjulm wkc lses tk`g tc
acgpm`t` l sp`af󿬌a tlse, h`b`rlmmy fb `x-
aklbh` icr l r`wlrj. fs hfv`s tk` aklr-
lat`rs l r`lscb tc hc cut tk`r` lbj
`xpmcr`, wftk l hclm fb gfbj. Vcu jc bct
b``j tc acgpm`t` tk` tlse hfv`b fgg`jf-
lt`my5 tfg` gcv`s smcw fb tk` Zwfmfhkt
1 lbj wklt`v`r
wklt`v`r ycu b``j tc jc wfmm stfmm
stf mm n`
tk`r` wk`b ycu j`afj` tc tlaem` ft.
Vcu gly cbmy rcmm cba` p`r s`t-
tm`g`bt. Fi ycu jcb‖t
jcb‖t mfe` ttk`
k` tlse cffl`r`j,
ycu gly acg` l w``e mlt`r lbj r`-rcmm.
tk` tlse hfv`r tc acmm`at tk` r`wlrj.
Acgpm`tfbh l tlse hrlbts
`bcuhk `xp`rf`ba` pcfbts
p cfbts tc m`v`m up cb`
m`v`m, nut jfvfj`j lgcbh tk` wkcm` plrtyplrty..
Icr `xlgpm`,
`xlgpm`, fi tk` plrty fs m`v`m 1 tk`y wfmm 
r`a`fv` l tctlm ci ;4 [T (`bcuhk icr <
aklrlat`r tc r`lak m`v`m :), wftk tk` pmly`r 
j`afjfbh kcw tc jfstrfnut` tk`g lgcbh 
tk` aklrlat`rs, ls usulmmy.
` aklrlat`rs gly lmsc r`-
gcv` > Acrruptfcb Tcfbts `lak upcb
acgpm`tfcb.

ZLQ
LQEQ LBJ GFQQFCBQ ZLNM@ (J<4)
EQ LBJ
< ‑ ` tyrlbt gust ilmm! ` s`ttm`g`bts surrcubjfbh cb` ci tk` tcw`rfbh
icrtr`ss`s kls klj `bcuhk, lbj tk`y alb't lmmcw tk`fr akfmjr`b tc n` tle`b
lbj tk`fr arcps tc n` aurs`j lby mcbh`r
mcbh`r.. `y tlse
t lse ycur plrty wftk nrfbhfbh
tk`g tk` k`lj ci tk` tyrlbt. ^`wlrj? < sarcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm,
<,444 sk`mms.
> ‑ Zle`b! L aryfbh
ary fbh gctk`r lses ycu tc r`acv`r k`r gfssfbh scb, wkc wls
tle`b ny l hrcup ci gfbfcbs. @lak
@ lak tfg` ycu `bacubt`r l hrcup ci gfbfcbs,
rcmm l J<4. Cb l <4, ycu icubj tk` gfssfbh akfmj. Ljj +< tc ycur b`xt ak`ae 
icr `lak acgpm`t`j `bacubt`r wftk gfbfcbs tklt r`sumt`j fb bct 󿬌bjfbh
󿬌bj fbh tk`
akfmj. ^`wlrj? ` aklrlat`rs gly r`gcv` cb` AT.
1 ‑ Lrtfilat kubtfbh. Xkfm` sfttfbh cb l algp, sklrfbh scg` wlt`r wftk
scg` bcgljs, ycu cv`rk`lr l acbv`rsltfcb. Qcg`wk`r` fb tk`s` lr`l tk`r`
lr` tk` rufbs ci twc twfb s`ttm`g`bts. @lak cb` ci tk`g klj tk` klmi ci l
 v`ry pcw`rium
pcw`rium lrtfilat5 put tch`tk`r,
tch`tk`r, tk`y wfmm hrlbt `bcrgcus pcw`r tc tk`
wf`mj`r. ` b`xt twc rufbs ycu `xpmcr` `lak klv` l klmi ci tk` lrtfilat fb
tk` mlst rccg5 tk`y lmsc klv` lb @mft` `b`gy hulrjfbh ft. ^`wlrj? ^cmm cb
tk` Lrtfilats tlnm`.
: ‑ Ifbjfbh k`mp. L rfak g`raklbt kls kfr`j ycu tc tle` kfs sfae wfi` tc
tk` b`lr`st s`ttm`g`bt, wk`r` tk`y klv` tk` n`st k`lm`rs fb tk` r`hfcb. `
cbmy prcnm`g fs tklt sk` fs v`ry
v`r y sfae, lbj ft gust n` jcb` quf
qufaemy.
aemy. ` plrty 
kls 8 jlys tc 󿬌bj l s`ttm`g`bt (cb` tklt wlsb't pr`vfcusmy jfsacv`r
jfsacv`r`j),
`j), cr
tk` g`raklbt's
g`raklbt's wfi` wfmm jf`. ^`wlrj? Fi tk`y suaa``j, tk`y wfmm r`a`fv` 044
sk`mms.
0 ‑ Mcst. ` plrty fs lse`j tc 󿬌bj l hrcup ci gfhrlbts tklt w`r` `xp`at`j
tc lrrfv` jlys lhc. ` aklrlat`rs gust `xpmcr` tk` r`hfcb, rcmmfbh l J<4 fb
`lak k`x tk`y `xpmcr`. Cb l rcmm ci <->, tk`y 󿬌bj l amu`. Cba` tk`y 󿬌bj 0
amu`s, tk`y wfmm r`lak tk` `btrlba` ci l alv`, wk`r` tk` gfhrlbts klv` n``b
tle`b. ` gfhrlbts wfmm n` icubj fb tk` mlst rccg, hulrj`j ny lb @mft`
`b`gy. ^`wlrj? > rcmms cb tk` Mcct tlnm`.
 

9 ‑ Mcct`rs lbj pfmmlh`rs. ` tcwb's m`lj`rskfp lses tk`

t k` pmly`r aklrlat`rs
tc h`t rfj ci s`v`rlm rclgfbh nlbjs ci ar`ltur`s tklt lr` klrlssfbh tk`g.
` plrty gust 󿬌bj lbj smly <4 hrcups ci gfbfcbs fb tk` cutjccrs (gfbfcbs
icubj fb alv`s cr nufmjfbhs jcb't
j cb't acubt). ^`wlrj? >44 sk`mms tc `lak aklr-
lat`r pmly`r, lbj tk` plrty gly s`mm tk`fr mcct lt tk` r`tlfm prfa` fb tkfs tcwb,
fbst`lj ci klmi.
8 ‑ Ifbj tk` wftak! L trfnlm m`lj`r kls r`a`btmy mcst kfs cbmy scb lbj k`fr
tc tk` arfgscb pmlhu`. K` n`hs tk` plrty tc tle` tk` ncjy wftk tk`g lbj 1<
󿬌bj l kfmm wftak tc nrfbh kfg nlae tc mfi`. K` jc`sb't klv` lby gcb`y, nut
k` cffl`rs tk` plrty lb lbaf`bt r`mfa ls plyg`bt. ` aklrlat`rs wfmm klv` tc
ply icr tk` rftulm tk`gs`mv`s, tkcuhk. ^`wlrj? ^cmm cb tk` Lrtfilat tlnm`.
; ‑ ` glpgle`r. ` aklrlat`rs lr` kfr`j ny l glpgle`r, wkc b``js
k`mp glppfbh tk` lr`l. ` aklrlat`rs gust `xpmcr` `v`ry k`x fb tk` r`-
hfcb's glp, lbj r`turb tc tk` glpgle`r wftk wklt tk`y klv` m`lrb`j. fs
qu`st gly cbmy lpp`lr cba` p`r r`hfcb, r`-rcmm fb tkfs tlnm` fi ycu klv` lm-
r`ljy acgpm`t`j ft. ^`wlrj? <,444 sk`mms. ` glpp`r us`j tc wcre icr l
tyrlbt lbj ebcws kfs w`leb`ss5 b`xt tfg` tk` plrty
p lrty 󿬌hkts lhlfbst l tyrlbt
fb tk` r`hfcb, tk`y 󿬌hkt wftk l +> tc Lttlae.
6 ‑ ` tkfbh fb tk` rufbs. ` tcwb's acubafm kls kfr`j tk` aklrlat`rs tc
`mfgfblt` lb lncgfbltfcb tklt kls n``b t`rrcrfzfbh tk` lr`l icr tk` plst
gcbtks. `y gust 󿬌bj tk` b`lr`st rufbs, am`lr tk`g, lbj fb tk` mmlst lst rccg
tk`y wfmm 󿬌bj l Qplwb ci Ykcm'`st (ak`ae tk` @@mft`
mft` @b`gy @bacubt`rs).
@bacubt`rs). ^`-
wlrj? ` tcwb fs tcc pccr tc cffl`r lbytkfbh ci vlmu`, nut tk` aklrlat`rs
r`a`fv` twfa` tk` bcrglm lgcubt ci `xp`rf`ba` pcfbts ircg acgpm`tfbh l
tlse.
<4 ‑ Lsslumt! ` plrty fs kfr`j tc j`i`bj tk` s`ttm`g`bt
s `ttm`g`bt ircg lb fbacgfbh
rlfj. `y gust rcmm 0 tfg`s fb tk` Gfbfcbs tlnm`, r`scmvfbh cb` `bacubt`r
l󰀄`r lbctk`r wftkcut
wftkcut l r`st, lbj fi tk`y survfv`, rcmm cba` fb tk` @mft`
@m ft` `b`-
gf`s tlnm` tc ila` tk` rlfj's m`lj`r. ^`wlrj? ls glby suppmf`s ls tk`y alb
alrry,, <44 sk`mms.
alrry

FBJCC^ MCALZFCBQ
Gcr` c󰀄`b tklb bct, tk` pmly`r aklrla-
t`rs wfmm 󿬌bj tk`gs`mv`s j`mvfbh fbtc
alv`s, `xpmcrfbh lbaf`bt rufbs, cr `v`b
lsslumtfbh l gfhkty tyrlbt icrtr`ss. Icm-
mcwfbh tk` rum`s `xpmlfb`j fb tkfs s`a-
tfcb, ycu wfmm n` lnm` tc ar`lt` tk`
mcaltfcb‖s mlycut, fts acbt`bts, lbj fts fb-
klnftlbts, lmm cb tk` 󿬎y.
1>
Ls ft wls tk` als` wftk tk`
t k` cut-
jccrs glp, wk`b tk` plrty r`turbs tc l
rccg cr acrrfjcr tk`y klv` lmr`ljy `x-
pmcr`j, tk`y gust rcmm l J<4. Cb l rcmm ci  tk` r`gblbts ci gfbfbh cp`rltfcbs,
< cr >, tk`y `bacubt`r l wlbj`rfbh
`b`gy5 rcmm cb tk` ^lbjcg @bacubt`r
tlnm` tc j`t`rgfb` wklt ft fs. fs fs fg-
pcrtlbt n`alus` cba` ycu acgpm`t`
acgpm`t` ycur
tlse fbsfj` lb fbt`rfcr mcaltfcb, cr ycu
sfgpmy j`afj` tklt ycu wlbt tc m`lv`, tk`
plrty stfmm b``js tc r`trla` tk`fr st`ps
nlae tc tk` `btrlba` lbj `xft ft sli`my.
Jccrs
Xkfm` `xpmcrfbh tk` jfffl`r`bt rccgs
icubj fb lbaf`bt rufbs cr icrtr`ss`s, ft fs
bct rlr` tc 󿬌bj mcae`j jccrs. Fi tk` plrty  ^ufbs
fs `xpmcrfbh rufbs, bct lmm rccgs klv` l
jccr, lbj scg` klv` l mcae`j jccr. ^cmm
l J<4? <-1 bc jccr, :-8 cp`b, ;-<4
mcae`j. Fi tk` plrty fs `xpmcrfbh l icrtr`ss,
rcmm l J<4? <-9 cp`b jccr, 8-<4 amcs`j
jccr. Alv`s klv` bc jccrs.
Fi l jccr fs mcae`j tk` aklrla-
t`rs b``j tc rcmm lhlfbst Qtr`bhtk tc nlsk
ft (rcmm l 0 cr gcr` tc plss) cr J`xt`rfty  tk` s`ar`ts tklt alb n` icubj nurf`j
tc pfae tk` mcae (lmsc jffiaumty 0). @lak
ilfm`j ltt`gpt fbar`ls`s tk` jffiaumty ny 
<. Vcu
Vcu alb lmt`rblt` g`tkcjs (nlskfbh cr
pfaefbh tk` mcae) tc lvcfj tk` slv` rcmm tc
fbar`ls` fb jffiaumty tcc ilst. @xlgpm`?
 Gfe`‖‖s akl
 Gfe` aklrlat`rs
rlat`rs 󿬌bj
󿬌bj l mcae`j jccr wk
wkfm`
fm`
`xpmcrfbh scg` icrnfjj`b rufbs. K` 󿬌rst  jc sc fb crj`r tc h`t cut ci tk` icrtr`ss
j`afj`s tc nlsk tk` jccr cp`b wftk kfs
strcbh`st aklrlat`r (wkc kls l Qtr`bhtk
^`sfstlba` ci +>), nut k` rcmms l <, wkfak
fs lb fbstlbt ilfmur`. Fi k` w`r` tc try
tr y lhlfb
usfbh Qtr`bhtk, tk` jffiaumty wcumj n` 9,
fbst`lj ci 0. K` tk`r`icr` j`afj`s tc pfae
tk` mcae, rcmmfbh l 0 lbj tkus cp`bfbh tk`
jccr.
Alv`s
Ft fs bct klrj tc 󿬌bj sunt`rrlb`lb pls-
slh`s tklt klv` n``b lbj stfmm lr` pcpu-
mlt`j ny n`lsts, nlbjfts lbj ubsp`lelnm`
kcrrcrs. Glby ci tk`s` alv`s us`j tc n`
n`lsts‖ mly`rs cr sfgpmy blturlm icrgl-
tfcbs, nut bc gltt`r tk`fr crfhfb tk`y lr`
lmm `qulmmy jlbh`rcus. L plrty b``js l
scura` ci mfhkt fb crj`r tc `xpmcr` l alv`
prcp`rmy, ctk`rwfs` tk`y wfmm suffl`r l -1
tc nctk tk`fr Lttlae lbj J`i`bs` sefmms.
Xkfm` jrlwfbh l alv`‖s glp,
ycu skcumj jrlw tk` wlmms frr`humlrmy,
wftk bc sklrp lbhm`s, tc r`󿬎`at tk` ilat
tklt tkfs fs bct l glb-glj` pmla` (cr lt
m`lst, bct l nufmjfbh‖s fbt`rfcr).
Lmm cv`r tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb, rufbs
lr` saltt`r`j ls l r`gfbj`r ci wklt tk`
wcrmj us`j tc n` mfe`. Ircg `xplbsfv`
plmla`s tc icrhctt`b t`gpm`s, tk`y cffl`r
pm`bty ci cppcrtubftf`s tc 󿬌bj tr`lsur`
lbj lbaf`bt lrtfilats. Gcr` c󰀄`b tklb
bct tkcuhk, tk`s` pmla`s lttrlat lmm efbjs
ci ar`ltur`s lbj hr``jy `xpmcr`rs, ju` tc
lgcbh tk` runnm`.
Icrtr`ss`s
Fi l plrty j`afj`s tc `xpmcr` l Zyrlbt‖s
icrtr`ss, ft usulmmy g`lbs tk`y lr` tk`r`
tc efmm tk` Zyrlbt
Zyrlbt fts`mi. `y wfmm b``j tc
lmfv`, sc tk` mlst rccg fb tk` icrtr`ss wfmm
lmwlys klv` tk` tyrlbt ls lb `b`gy. @x-
 

p`rf`ba`-wfs`, l tyrlbt acubts ls lb @mft`

@ mft` tk` pmla`‖s mlycut, ls w`mm ls wklt tk`y 
gcbst`r ci tk` slg` m`v`m. J`i`ltfbh l 󿬌bj fb ft. Fb crj`r tc jc tklt w` wfmm n`
tyrlbt hrlbts > rcmms cb tk` Mcct tlnm`, usfbh tk` tlnm`s lbj rum`s icubj fb tk`
lbj < rcmm cb tk` Qp`aflm Mcct tlnm`. icmmcwfbh plh`s. Lmm ycu b``j fs l p`bafm,
p `bafm,
>j<4, lbj l hrfj plp`r, cr n`tt`r y`t, l
Glppfbh fbt`rfcr mcaltfcbs prfbt`j acpy ci tk` mcaltfcb ljv`btur`
Cba` tk` plrty `bt`rs lb fbt`rfcr mcal- glp icubj fb tkfs ncce.
tfcb, ycu wfmm b``j tc stlrt 󿬌hurfbh cut
11
FBZ@^F
BZ@^FC^
C^ @[TMC^L
@[TMC^LZFC
ZFCB
B Q@\P@BA
Q@\P@BA@
@
 

@btrlba` rccgs FBZ@^FC^ @[TMC^L ZFCB ZLNM@ (J<4)

fs fs tk` 󿬌rst rccg ycur plrty `bacub-
t`rs wk`b tk`y `bt`r l alv`, rufb cr
icrtr`ss. ^cmm l J<4 lbj jrlw tk` r`sumt-
fbh `btrlba` lt tk` ncttcg a`bt`r ci tk`
mcaltfcb hrfj. fs rccg acbtlfbs bctk-
fbh, sc ycu jc bct b``j tc rcmm cb tk`
^ccg Acbt`bts tlnm`. Qfgpmy stlrt `x-
pmcrfbh, ny rcmmfbh cb tk` Fbt`rfcr @xpmc-
1:
rltfcb tlnm` (fi ycu hc tkrcuhk l jccr
jc cr cr
`btrlba`), cr tk` Acrrfjcr tlnm` (fi ycu
hc tkrcuhk l acrrfjcr).
[TMC^LZFCB
<-8 ^ccg
;-<4 Acrrfjcr
Acrrfjcrs
Fi ycu j`afj` tc hc jcwb l acrrfjcr, ycu
wfmm m`lrb kcw ft mcces mfe` ny usfbh tk`
Acrrfjcr tlnm`. Acrrfjcrs klv` bc acb-
t`bt, nut ycu b``j tc rcmm l J<4 tc s`` fi 
tk`r` lr` lby `b`gf`s. Cb l rcmm ci < cr
>, ycu 󿬌bj l wlbj`rfbh `b`gy
`b`gy,, sc rcmm cb
tk` ^lbjcg @b`gy tlnm`.
Acrrfjcrs lr` lmwlys l wfjtk ci <.

AC^^FJC^ ZLNM@ (J<4)

C^^FJC^

< L plrlmm`m acrrfjcr tklt hc`s J0+< mcbh tc tk` m`󰀄, lbj J0+< mcbh tc
tk` rfhkt
> Qtrlfhkt lk`lj, J0+< mcbh
1 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<
: Acrrfjcr tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<
0 Qtrlfhkt lk`lj J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<
9 Qtrlfhkt lk`lj J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<
8 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` rfhkt lhlfb icr J0+<
; Acrrfjcr tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` m`󰀄 lhlfb icr J0+<
6 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` m`󰀄
m `󰀄 icr J0+<
<4 Acrrfjcr tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<
 

^ccgs falm mlycut, lbj ljlptfbh ft tc tk` b``js

Gcst tkfbhs ci fbt`r`st tc tk` aklrlat`rs ci tk` glp. Icr `xlgpm`, fi ycur acrrfjcr
wfmm n` icubj fb rccgs. Cba` ycu klv` fs rubbfbh rfhkt tc tk` m`󰀄 ci tk` glp‖s
j`󿬌b`j tk` sklp` ci tk` rccg wftk tk` ncrj`r, pmlafbh l jccr tk`r` wcumj gle`
k`mp ci tk` ^ccg Mlycut tlnm`, lbj kcw  bc s`bs` n`alus` ycu alb‖t jrlw gcr`
glby `xfts ft kls ny usfbh tk` @xfts tlnm`,
t lnm`, glp cb tklt jfr`atfcb, sc fj`lmmy w`
ycu wfmm b``j tc 󿬌hur` cut fts acbt`bts, wcumj pmla` ft cb tk` rfhkt sfj`.
ny usfbh tk` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm` n`mcw.
@[FZQ ZLNM@ (>j<4)
19 Jccrs lbj cp`bfbhs >-<4 Bcb`
Xk`b ft‖s tfg` tc 󿬌bj cut wklt jccrs cr <<-<: Cb`
cp`bfbhs tk` acrrfjcr cr rccg ycu lr` <0-<8 Zwc
`xpmcrfbh kls, rcmm cb tk` @xfts tlnm`. <;-<6 r``
Tmla` tk` `xfts ls a`bt`r`j ls pcssfnm` fb >4 Icur
lby wlmm ycu wlbt, tryfbh tc gle` l mch-

^CCG MLVCPZ
VCPZ ZLNM@ (J<4)
<-0 Qqulr` (J0+< kfhk, J0+< wfj`)
9 Afram` (J0+< larcss)
8 K`xlhc
K`xlhcbb (J0+< larcss)
; Cvlm (J0+< kfhk, J0+< wfj`)
6 Zrflbhm` (J0+< p`r sfj`)
<4 Zrlp`zcfj (J0+< kfhk, J0+< nls` wfj`, J0+< nls` tcp)

^CCG ACBZ @BZ ZLNM@ (J<4)

CBZ@BZ
< Zrlp? rcmm cb tk` Zrlps tlnm`
> Mcct? rcmm cb tk` Mcct tlnm`
1 Mcct prct`at`j ny l trlp? rcmm cb tk` Zrlps tlnm`, lbj cba` r`scmv`j, rcmm
cb tk` Mcct tlnm`
:-0 ^cmm cb tk`
t k` Qp`aflm I`ltur`s tlnm`
9 ` rccg fs `gpty 
8 Qtlsk ci s`gf-pr`afcus stcb`s? ycu hlfb >j<4 sk`mms
; Vcu lr` lttlae`j ny v`rgfb. ^cmm cb tk` Y`rgfb tlnm`
6 Vcur ljvlba` fs fbt`rrupt`j ny scg` `b`gf`s. ^cmm cb tk` If`bjs lbj
Ic`s tlnm`
<4 Vcu wlme`j fbtc l n`lst‖s mlfr. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` `b`gy tlnm`
 

QT@AFLM I@L ZP^@Q ZLNM@ (J<4)

@LZP^@Q
< - L arlae fb tk` a`fmfbh
a`fmfbh lncv` tk` gfjjm
gfjjm`` ci tk` bcrtk wlmm l lmmcws
mmcws l ttrfaem`
rfaem` ci wl
wlt`r
t`r tc
 󿬎cw jcwb tc tk` 󿬎ccr 󿬎ccr.. ` wlt`r pccms b`lr tk` nls` ci tk` wlmm, lbj l rfvum`t rrubs ubs
lmcbh tk` wlmm lbj cut fbtc tk` klmm. ` wlt`r sg`mms ir`sk. ` plrty cntlfbs J0 rl-
tfcbs.
> ‑ ` aklrlat`r plrty stugnm`s upcb wklt lpp`lrs tc n` scg` efbj ci w`lpcbs stlsk.
`y alb tle` lby w`lpcb lvlfmlnm` lvlfmlnm` fb tk`
t k` `qufpg`bt
`qufpg`bt mfst.
1 ‑ fs rccg fs 󿬌mm`j wftk ncttm`s, pfp`tt`s lbj ctk`r tccms tklt lb lmak`gfst wcumj 
b``j. @v`rytkfbh k`r` fs acv`r`j fb l tkfae mly`r ci just, nut fb l acrb`r, ubj`r scg`
rlhh`j pf`a` ci amctk, tk` aklrlat`rs 󿬌bj J0 ncttm`s wftk l hr``b, vfsacus mfqufj. Fi l 18
aklrlat`r jlr`s tc t`st fts `ffl`ats, rcmm l J<45 <-0? tk` acbacatfcb fs sc cmj ft fs bcw 
pcfscbcus5 us` ycur Tcfscb ^`sfstlba` lhlfbst l m`v`m 9 pcfscb, cr mcs` J0 KT. 9-<4?
tk` ncttm`s acbtlfb scg` efbj ci k`lmfbh pctfcb. K`lm J0 KT, KT, uslnm` fb acgnlt.
: ‑  Ls sccb ls ycu st`p fbtc tkfs rccg, l i``mfb i``mfbhh ci almgb`ss fbvlj`s ycu. fs pmla`
s``gs tc n` acgpm`t`my r`gcv`j ircg tk` Trfgcrjflm Cb`‖s fb󿬎u`ba`. @lak aklrlat`r
alb h`t rfj ci < AT.
0 -  L s`bsltfcb
s `bsltfcb ci jr`lj fbvlfbvlj`s
j`s ycu tk` gcg`bt ycu st`p fbtc tkfs rccg. Imlsk`s ci 
kcrrf󿬌a vfsfcbs
v fsfcbs 󿬌mm ycur gfbj, nrfbhfbh ycu tc ycur eb``s. `y ebcw ycu lr lr`` k`r`. ^cmm
lhlfbst Glhfa m`v`m 9 usfbh ycur Glhfa ^`sfstlba`. Fi ycu ilfm, hlfb < AT.
9 ‑ L s`rf`s ci sglmm stltu`s
stltu`s mmfb`
fb` l wlmm. N`kfb
N`kfbj j tk`g tk`r` fs l gurl
gurlm,m, t`mmf
t`mmfbh
bh wklt lp-
 p`lrs tc n`n` tk` stc
stcry
ry ci l p`cpm`
p`cpm`‖‖s `xcjus. VVcu
cu jfsacv`r ssglmm
glmm m`v`rs nn`kfbj
`kfbj `lak stltu`,
stltu`,
wkfak lpplr`btmy gle`s tk`g rctlt`. Fi ycu try tc scmv` tkfs puzzm`, rcmm lhlfbst fts
jffiaumty ci 8, usfbh ycur Xfmm ^`sfstlba`. Fi ycu suaa``j, rcmm cb tk` t k` Mcct tlnm`. V Vcu
cu
gly cbmy try cba` p`r aklrlat`r
aklrlat`r..
8 ‑ fs rccg lpp`lrs tc n` cr klv` n``b l mfnrlry ci scrts. Tfm`s ci klmi-rctt`b tcg`s
lr` hltk`rfbh just fb `v`ry acrb`r, wftk sk`mv`s upcb sk`mv`s ci ctk`rs acmmlpsfbh cb tk`
wlmms. ` plrty gly sp`bj l wkcm` jly k`r` tc sf󰀄 tkrcuhk tk` ncces tc s`` fi tk`r`
fs lbytkfbh ci fbt`r`st. ^cmm lhlfbst Glhfa m`v`m 8, fi ycu plss ft, tk`b rcmm l J<4. Cb
l <, ycu 󿬌bj l sarcmm
s arcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm.
; -  L kcrr`bjcus, cv`rwk`mgf
cv`rwk`mgfbh bh st`bak wl󰀄s ircg tk` rccg n`icr` ycu. Qglmm alh`s
acbtlfbfbh sglmm lbfglms lbj mlrh` fbs`ats mfb` tk` wlmms. Qcg` ci tk` ar`ltur`s mcce
sfaemy lbj lmfv` nut gcst lr` am`lrmy j`lj. `fr rcttfbh acrps`s lbj tk` ubam`lb alh`s
bc jcunt r`sumt fb tk` pmla`‖s icum cjcr. L alt g`ws w`lemy ircg fts alh`, nut tk` ctk`r 
ar`ltur`s oust sfm`btmy skrfbe nlae fbtc tk`fr 󿬌mtky prfscbs. ` pmly`rs gly akccs` tc
r`m`ls` tk` lbfglms5 fi tk`y jc, tk`y alb r`gcv` < AT, nut tk`y wfmm klv` tc 󿬌hkt
lhlfbst s`v`rlm ci tk`g, wkfak lr` tcc salr`j cr ilr hcb`, ^cmm twfa` cb tk` Y`rgfb Y`rgfb
tlnm` lbj 󿬌hkt lhlfbst nctk hrcups lt tk` slg` tfg`.
6 ‑ L icum
icum sst`bak
t`bak s``gs tctc n` s``pfbh
s``pfbh irc
ircg
g tktk`` 󿬎ccr
󿬎ccr ar
arlaes5
laes5 tk` sg`mm
sg`mm fs bf
bfhk
hk ububn`lrl
n`lrlnm`.
nm`.
` iug`s s``g tc crfhfblt` ircg tk` j`ptks, alrryfbh l sg`mm sfgfmlr tc rctt`b `hhs.
N`tt`r tc gcv` lmcbh. Icr `lak turb tk` aklrlat`rs stly k`r`, tk`y gust rcmm lhlfbst
pcfscb 0, cr mcs` < KT.
<4 ‑ `r` fs l b`ilrfcus fb󿬎u`ba` fb tkfs rccg. L skljcw sujj`bmy fbvlj`s tk` aklr-
lat`r‖s gfbjs, lbj kcmjs ilst tc tk`fr tkcuhkts. Aklrlat`rs 󿬌hkt tk` r`st ci tk` ljv`btur`
wftk l -< tc J`i`bs`, ubm`ss tk`y hfv` fbtc tk` jlreb`ss lbj hlfb < AT fb tk` prca`ss.
 

Zrlps aklrlat`rs alb lvcfj tk`fr `ffl`ats,

Zrlps lr`, ubicrtublt`my, v`ry acggcb
fb tk` efbj ci pmla`s tk` aklrlat`rs wfmm
ir`qu`bt. ^`a`bt cr lbaf`bt, tk`fr hclm fs
tc klrg, glfg cr efmm lby fbtruj`r.
rcuhk tk` us` ci sefmms lbj sp`mms tk`
tkcuhk.
Zc j`t`rgfb` tk` m`v`m ci l trlp,
rcmm l J0 lbj ljj tk` plrty‖s m`v`m (tk`
plrty‖s m`v`m fs `qulm tc tk` kfhk`st m`v`m
lgcbh tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs).

Z^LT
^LTQ LNM@ (J<4)
Q ZLNM@
1; < ‑ Tcfscb jlrts. Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm lhlfbst Tcfscb cr mcs` J0 KT. Lb
lffl`at`j aklrlat`r wfmm b``j tc rcmm lhlfbst Tcfscb `v`ry turb cr mcs` lb `xtrl
KT p`r turb, ubtfm tk` pcfscb fs r`gcv`j ircg kfs syst`g.
> ‑ Zrlpjccr. Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty cr mcs` 1 KT. Fi tk`
wkcm` plrty i`mm fbsfj`, tk`y b``j l rcp` fb crj`r tc `s `salp`
alp` tk` pft, cr tk`y 
wfmm jf` ci stlrvltfcb
st lrvltfcb fbsfj` ci ft.
1 ‑ Qlbj trlp. L wlmm amcs`s jcwb n`kfbj tk` aklrlat`rs ls sccb ls tk`y 
`bt`r tkfs rccg, wftk slbj ilmmfbh
ilmm fbh fb ircg tk` a`fmfbh. `
`yy klv` <4 ltt`g
ltt`gpts
pts
lt j`latfvltfbh tkfs trlp, cr tk`y lmm jf`.
: ‑ Acmmlpsfbh a`fmfbh. ` a`fmfbh lncv` tk` plrty acmmlps`s
acmm lps`s cb tcp ci tk`g.
Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty cr mcs` J0 KT.
0 ‑ Bcxfcus hls. L wlmm amcs`s n`kfbj tk` plrty plrty,, lbj fgg`jflt`my tcxfa hls
fs r`m`ls`j fb tk` rccg. Aklrlat`rs fgg`jflt`my mcs` < KT, lbj tk`y mcs`
lbctk`r KT p`r ilfm`j ltt`gpt lt jfslnmfbh tk` trlp.
9 ‑ Qp`lrs. Qklrp sp`lrs smfj` ircg tk` wlmms, stlnnfbh tk` aklrlat`rs fi tk`y 
ilfm l J`xt`rfty t`st. Fi tk`y jc ilfm, tk`y r`a`fv` J0 lttlaes tklt j`lm > jlg-
lh` `lak. ^`jua` tk` tctlm jlglh` r`a`fv`j ny tk` J`i`bs` sefmm ci l aklr-
lat`r.
8 ‑ Y`rgfb pft. L pft cp`bs ubj`rb`ltk tk` aklrlat`rs, t``gfbh wftk v`r-
gfb. ` aklrlat`rs b``j tc rcmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty cr mcs` 1 KT, lbj l󰀄`r-
wlrjs tk`y b``j tc ila` tk` v`rgfb fbsfj`. ^cmm ^cm m cb tk` Y`rgfb tlnm`.
; ‑ N`lr trlp. L rlbjcg aklrlat`r st`ps cb l kfjj`b n`lr trlp. ^cmm lhlfbst
J`xt`rfty tc lvcfj h`ttfbh aluhkt
aluhkt fb ft. Fi ycu jc h`t trlpp`j, ycu wfmm b``j
tc rcmm lhlfbst Qtr`bhtk (8) tc h`t rfj ci ft, cr `ms` ycu wfmm bct n` lnm` tc
gcv` ircg tk`r`. L trlpp`j aklrlat`r wfmm bct n` lnm` tc pmly icr tk` r`-
glfbj`r ci tk` ljv`btur`.
6 ‑ B`t trlp. L b`t ilmms ircg tk` a`fmfbh, pummfbh tk` aklrlat`rs up ubm`ss
tk`y plss l J`xt`rfty
J `xt`rfty t`st. Fi tk`y jc h`t trlpp`j, tk`y gust rcmm lhlfbst J`x-
t`rfty 8 tc n` lnm` tc aut tk` b`t. ^cmm l J<4 p`r ltt`gpt lt lt r`m`lsfbh tk`g-
s`mv`s5 cb l < cr > l wlbj`rfbh `b`gy acg`s lbj lttlaes tk`g5 tk`
aklrlat`rs r`a`fv` lb fgg`jflt` wcubj wcubj tk` 󿬌rst rcubj. ^cmm cb tk` If`bjs
lbj Ic`s tlnm`.
<4 ‑ Ifr` trlp. Kuh` 󿬎lg`s
󿬎lg`s rclr ircg tk` sfj`s tk` s`acbj tk` aklrlat`rs
st`p fbtc tkfs rccg. ^cmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty tc lvcfj tk` 󿬎lg`s, cr mcs` J0
KT. Vcu 󿬌hkt lt -> Lttlae ubtfm tk` wcubjs alus`j ny tk` 󿬌r` lr` k`lm`j.
 

MCCZ ZLNM@ (J<4)

< cr m`ss ‑ Bc tr`lsur` icubj
> ‑ J<4 sk`mms
1 ‑ J<4+0 sk`mms
: ‑ >j<4 sk`mms

0 ‑ J0
9 ‑k`lmfbh tfbatur`s
J<4 rltfcbs
8 ‑ L pf`a` ci o`w`mry wcrtk 0j<4 sk`mms
; ‑ L cb`-klbj`j frcb w`lpcb. ^cmm J0? < swcrj, > klgg`r cr gla`, 1
lx`, : jlhh`r, 0 pfaelx`. +< tc Lttlae wkfm` wf`mjfbh ft. <4 PX
16
6 ‑ L pf`a` ci glfm lrgcr. Zr`lt ft ls mfhkt lrgcr, +> tc J`i`bs`. <> PX
<4 cr gcr` ‑ ^cmm cb tk` Qp`aflm Mcct tlnm`

QT@AFLM MCCZ ZLNM@ (J<4)

<-> ‑ L sarcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm. < PX
1 ‑ Lb `xa`ptfcblmmy w`mm icrh`j cb`-klbj`j st``m w`lpcb. ^cmm J0? <
swcrj, > klgg`r cr gla`, 1 lx`, : jlhh`r, 0 pfaelx`. +> tc Lttlae wkfm`
wf`mjfbh ft. <4 PX
: - Lb `xa`ptfcblmmy w`mm icrh`j twc-klbj`j st``m w`lpcb. ^cmm J0? <
swcrj, > klgg`r cr gla`, 1 lx`, : stlffl, 0 pcm`lrg. +1 tc Lttlae wkfm`
wf`mjfbh ft. <0 PX
0 ‑ ^`fbicra`j st``m glfm. L tru` r`mfa ci tk` plst, p`ri`atmy arl󰀄`j lbj
pr`s`rv`j. Mfhkt lrgcr,
lrgcr, +> tc J`i`bs` rcmms wftkcut kfbjrlba`. <> PX
9 ‑ Qt``m nr`lstpmlt`.
nr`lstpmlt`. ` arl󰀄sglbskfp
arl󰀄sglbskfp cb tkfs pf`a` sp`les ci tk` hmcry 
ci tk` plst. K`lvy lrgcr,
lrgcr, +1 tc J`i`bs`, -> tc J`xt`rfty sslv` lv` rcmms. >4
PX
8 ‑ Qt``m skf`mj. +> tc J`i`bs`. <4 PX
; ‑ Qglmm jlreb`ss w`mm. L pmlfb-mccefbh stcb` tklt lmmcws tk` p`rscb alr- a lr-
ryfbh ft tc stcr` > AT fb ft. Cba` tk` w`mm fs iiumm,
umm, ft hmcws smfhktmy. Albbc
Albbctt
n` r`-us`j, nut ft alb n` scmj ls l aurfcsfty icr 1j<4 sk`mms.
6 ‑ L plfr ci rlr` g`tlm 󿬌st w`lpcbs wftk scg` scrt ci skcrt nmlj`s nm lj`s lt-
tlak`j tc tk`g. +> tc ublrg`j acgnlt fi tk` aklrlat`r pcss`ss tk` t k` sefmm.
0 PX
<4 ‑ ^cmm cb tk` Lrtfilat tlnm`.
 

L^ZFI LAZ ZLNM@ (J<4)

^ZFILAZ
< ‑ Kcrs` Ifhurfb`. L sglmm stltu`stltu` ci l kcrs` glj
glj`` ci scg` ub ubfj`btf󿬌l
fj`btf󿬌lnm`nm`
nmlae glt`rflm tklt wk`b w`t wftk nmccj hrcws tc tk` sfz` ci lb latulm kcrs`.
Qlarf󿬌a` < KT tc n` n ` lnm` tc trlv`m lt jcunm` sp``j fb cutjccr zcb`s. 4.0 PX
> ‑ Lgum`t ci Yytkrkcs. L jlre hr``b stcb` stcb` fs irlg`
irlg`jj ny wklt mcc mcceses tc n`
scg` scrt ci icssfmfz`j klfr. Cba` wcrb ft pumslt`s smfhktmy, gltakfbh tk`
w`lr`r‖ss k
w`lr`r‖ k`lrtn`lt.
`lrtn`lt. Cba` p`r ljv`btur`, fi tk` aklrlat`r alrryfbh tkfs r`-
a`fv`s `bcuhk jlglh` tc efmm kfg, k` wfmm fbst`lj r`glfb lt < KT nut wfmm n`
: ublnm` tc plrtfafplt` fb tk` r`st ci tk` 󿬌hkt.
1 ‑ Glw ci Ykczkl. fs smfae m`ltk`r nmu` nlh s``gs tc tr`gnm` wk`b bc-
ncjy fs mccefbh lt ft, ls fi scg`tkfbh w`r` tryfbh tc acg` cut. fs nlh lmmcws
tk` aklrlat`r tc alrry lb `xtrl 14 PX.
: ‑ ` Qfb`lt`r. Zkfs m`h`bjlry lrtfilat wls cb` wf`mj`j ny Ltkrcs, Nlb` ci 
tk` Lbaf`bts. Xftk ft sk` glblh`j tc aklmm`bh` tk` r`fhb ci glby tyrlbts, ubtfm 
ubj`r gyst`rfcus afraugstlba`s sk` mcst tk` Qfb`lt`r, l󰀄`r ci wkfak sk` n`-
alg` acrrupt`j lbj r`fhb`j cv`r tk` ^kltr`o r`hfcb icr ;44 y`lrs. fs sklrp
nmlae arystlm lnscrns tk` b`xt 0 AT tk` t k` aklrlat`r wcumj r`a`fv`,
r`a`fv`, l󰀄`r ci 
wkfak ft n`acg`s jcrglbt icr tk` b`xt tkr`` ljv`btur`s. < PX.
0 - ^cj ci Qkrltk. fs j`vfa` n`mcbhfbh tc l Qklrlbf Kfhk Trf`st fs lb lsyg- lsyg -
g`trfa glss ci `tk`r`lm arystlm wkfak alb n` us`j tc r`acv`r ircg hrlv`
wcubjs. Fbjfvfjulms wkc pcss`ss tk` j`vfa` icr l mcbh tfg` j`v`mcp 󿬌b` salm`s
cv`r plrts ci tk`fr ncjy. ` us`r gly alst ^`h`b`rltfcb
^`h`b`rltfcb cba` l jly/ljv`b-
tur` wftkcut hlfbfbh acrruptfcb. > PX.
9 ‑ ` @v`rmlstfb
@v`rmlstfbh h Qkljcws. fs lbaf`bt tcg` ncubj fb wklt lpp`lrs tc n`
kuglb sefb kls lb lurl ci tlfbt surrcubjfbh ft. L icum s`bs` ci jr`lj fbvlj`s
tk` r`lj`r wk`b 󿬌rst cp`bfbh ft. Acbtlfbs 1 rlbjcg sp`mms. > PX.
8 ‑ I`ltk`r ci Eum‖Tk`h. L skfgg`rfb
skfgg`rfbhh i`l
i`ltk`r
tk`r,, r`󿬎
r`󿬎`atfb
`atfbhh tk` mmfhkt
fhkt ffb
b l gfm
gfmmfcb
mfcb
acmcrs, `v`b jurfbh tk` jlre`st ci bfhkts. ` skl󰀄 s``gs tc n` glj` ci scg`
efbj ci g`tlm. fs ft`g hfv`s tk` plrty l +> tc acgnlt fbftfltfv`. < PX.
; ‑ Zlfbtbut. fs sglmm, wccj`b s``j kls sygncms alrv`j lmm cv`r ft, nut ft 
mcces tc n` numhfbh lrcubj tk`g ls fi l icra` w`r` puskfbh ircg tk` fbsfj` lbj 
n`fbh acbtlfb`j cbmy ny tk` sygncms.
sygncms. Fi l aklrlat`r swlmmcws tkfs s``j kfs
Glx Acrruptfcb wfmm n` fbar`ls`j ny <.
6 ‑ Arystlmmfz`j fa` ci Lmblvfs. Zkfs lpp`lrs tc n` l stlmlatft` glj` ci pur`
fa`, nut scg`kcw ft jc`s bct s``g tc n` lffl`at`j ny lby k`lt. L mfttm` nft ci ft 
g`mts wftk `lak us` tkcuhk, ubtfm ft jfslpp`lrs. J`lm J0 jlglh` tc lmm `b`gf`s
fb ircbt ci tk` alst`r. Ft tle`s up l aklrlat`r‖
aklrlat`r‖ss turb tc us` ft. >4 aklrh`s. < PX PX..
<4 ‑ Qtlffl ci salrs. fs wccj`b stlffl mcces ls fi ft wls oust 󿬌bfsk`j ny l sefmm`j 
lrtfslb, nut tk` gcr` fts pcw`rs lr` us`j, tk` gcr` twfst`j lbj iumm ci 
sarltak`s ft n`acg`s. ` p`rscb wf`mjfbh tkfs stlffl alb trlbsi`r tc ft l glx ci 
>4 mcst KT, tkus k`lmfbh kfgs`mi cr lb lmmy. Cba` ft kls r`lak`j fts glxfgug
alplafty, ft n`acg`s jcrglbt lbj ft‖s sfgpmy l +> Lttlae stlffl. <> PX.
 

ACGNLZ mcs`s < KT

KT.. Y`rgfb
Y`rgfb lr` l sp`aflm
sp `aflm aals`5
ls`5 p`r
Gcr` c󰀄`b tklb bct, wkfm` `xpmcrfbh tk` `lak jlglh` pcfbt l aklrlat`r j`lms tc
wcrmj ci tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb, tk` tk`g, cb` jf`s, ls tk`y cbmy klv` < KT
pmly`r aklrlat`rs wfmm `bacubt`r n`lsts, `lak. Gfbfcbs lbj @mft` `b`gf`s t`bj tc
gcbst`rs, ln`rrltfcbs lbj lncgfbltfcbs klv` s`v`rlm KT `lak5 scg`tfg`s tk`y 
tklt wfmm try tc stcp tk`g. Acgnlt fb acg` lmcb`, nut tk`y gly lpp`lr fb
Jfsafpm`s ci Ncb` lbj Qkljcw fs ilst lbj hrcups, fb wkfak als` ycu wfmm klv` tc
nrutlm5 ycu wfmm n` lnm` tc scmv` ycur `b- j`lm `bcuhk jlglh` tc `lak cb` ci tk`g
t k`g
acubt`rs usulmmy fb l gltt`r ci s`acbjs. n`icr` efmmfbh ft lbj gcvfbh cb tc tk`
:<
Ls w` klv` jfsauss`j pr`vf- b`xt cb`. E``p fb gfbj tkcuhk tklt
t klt ycu
cusmy, tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs klv` lb Lt- gly jfstrfnut` tk` jlglh` ycu j`lm
tlae lbj J`i`bs` stlt, ls w`mm ls l lgcbh jfffl`r`bt `b`gf`s5 fi icr `xlgpm`
bugn`r ci K`lmtk Tcfbts (KT). @b`gf`s lb `b`gy kls 1 KT lbj ycu j`lm : jlg-
lmsc klv` Lttlae, J`i`bs` lbj KT. Fb lh`, ycu gly lssfhb 1 pcfbts tc efmm cb`
crj`r tc j`i`lt lb `b`gy, tk` pmly`r wfmm lbj < tc tk` b`xt cb`. Bc jlglh` fs `v`r
klv` tc rcmm l bugn`r kfhk`r tklb tk` mcst.
`b`gy‖s J`i`bs` vlmu`. fs rcmm fs gcj- @xlgpm`? Zyugg ` Qtrlbh`r 
f󿬌`j ny kfs Lttlae stlt, ls w`mm ls lby  kls Lttlae +1 lbj swfbhs kfs w`lpcb
w`lpcbs cr `ffl`ats tklt k` gly aurr`btmy  lhlfbst l hrcup ci m`v`m > Qklrlbf (Lttlae
klv`. Cb tk` ctk`r sfj`, wk`b ft fs tk` ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? <). K` gust rcmm cv`r 9 
`b`gf`s lttlaefbh, tk` aklrlat`r wfmm fb crj`r tc jlglh` tk`g. Zyugg rcmms l
klv` tc rcmm l bugn`r kfhk`r tklb tk` 0, wkfak fs l tctlm ci ; (0, + 1 ircg kfs Lt-
`b`gy‖s Lttlae vlmu`, gcjf󿬌`j ny kfs tlae stlt) g`lbfbh k` glblh`s tc efmm > ci 
J`i`bs` lbj ctk`r ncbus`s k` gly klv` tk` Qklrlbf (tk` J`i`bs` ci tk` Qklrlbf fs
lt tk` gcg`bt. fs wly, ft fs cbmy tk` 9, sc l r`sumt ci ; fs
f s > pcfbts cv`r tklt, lbj 
pmly`r wkc rcmms jfa` icr kfs aklrlat`rs, tk`y cbmy klv` < KT `lak, g`lbfbh twc ci 
tk` gcbst`rs rcmm bc jfa`. Xkfm` j`i`bj- tk`g jf`). ` r`glfbfbh tkr`` lttlae
fbh ircg `b`gy lttlaes, ycu b``j tc ls- kfg5 s``fbh ls k` fs lmcb` fb tkfs 󿬌hkt, k`
sfhb tk` `b`gf`s `lak turb sc tklt tk`y  wfmm klv` tc j`i`bj kfgs`mi ircg lmm tkr``
lr` `v`bmy jfstrfnut`j lgcbh lmm tk` ci tk`g. Zyugg kls l +> J`i`bs` lbj 
pmly`r aklrlat`rs. Qc fi, icr `xlgpm`, ycu kls tc j`i`bj lhlfbst tk` Qklrlbf‖
Qklrlbf‖ss Lttlae
klv` > pmly`r aklrlat`rs tklt lr` n`fbh lt- ci ;. Kfs 󿬌rst rcmm fs l 0, wkfak n`acg`s l
tlae`j ny 0 `b`gf`s, ycu wcumj lssfhb > 8 cba` ljj`j kfs J`i`bs`, g`lbfbh k`
tc `lak aklrlat`r, lbj tk` mlst r`glfbfbh mcs`s < KT (; Lttlae ‑ 8 J`i`bs` 7 <).
rlbjcgmy. fs fs Zyugg‖s s`acbj lbj tkfrj rcmms lr` l 9 
cb` wcumj n` lssfhb`j rlbjcgmy.
bct tk` als` fi ycu lr` 󿬌hktfbh fb l acrrf- lbj 8, wkfak lr` `bcuhk tc i`bj cffl tk`
jcr lbj ycu klv` gcr` tklb twc aklrla-  i``nm`
 i``nm` Qklrl
Qklrlbf.
bf.
t`rs, fb wkfak als` cbmy tk` 󿬌rst twc ^`g`gn`r tklt tklt rcmmfbh l < fs lm-
aklrlat`rs cb tk` ircbt wfmm n` lssfhb`j wlys l ilfmur`, bc gltt`gltt`rr wklt gcjf󿬌`rs
`b`gf`s. ycu klv` icr tklt rcmm, lbj tklt cb l <4
T`r `lak pcfbt lncv` tk` ycur aklrlat`r fs fbspfr`j lbj gly rcmm
`b`gy‖s J`i`bs`, tk` aklrlat`rs j`lms lhlfb tc ljj tc tk` 󿬌blm r`sumt. Xk`b
cb` jlglh` pcfbt, lbj p`r `lak pcfbt rcmmfbh l < wkfm` j`i`bjfbh, tk` cbmy 
n`mcw tk` `b`gy‖s Lttlae, tk` aklrlat`r ncbus`s tklt acubt tcwlrj j`i`bs` lr`
 

tkcs` tk` aklrlat`rs klv` tklbes tc ^`tr`ltfbh 

`qufpg`bt
`qufpg` bt cr sp`aflm acbjftfcbs, suak ls Qcg`tfg`s tkfbhs wfmm h`t tcc uhmy icr
sp`mms cr pctfcbs. Nctk tk` rcmm lbj tk` ycur aklrlat`rs lbj ycu gly j`afj` ft fs
aklrlat`r‖s J`i`bs` stlt lr` fhbcr`j. Fi  n`st tc sfgpmy rub lwly ircg l acb-
ycu rcmm l < nut ycur 󿬌blm J`i`bs` fs stfmm ircbtltfcb. Fi ycur aklrlat`rs lr` `bhlh`j
`qulm cr hr`lt`r tklb tk` `b`gy‖s
`b`gy‖s Lttlae, fb acgnlt lbj j`afj` tc r`tr`lt, tk`y wfmm
ycu stfmm mcs` < KT. fgg`jflt`my suffl`r lb lttlae `lak, wftk
cbmy tk`fr `qufpg`bt‖s J`i`bs` ncbus`s
Fbftfltfv` lbj turbs (fi lby) acubtfbh tcwlrjs j`t`rgfbfbh
:>
Lt tk` n`hfbbfbh ci l 󿬌hkt, rcmm J<4 pmus kcw guak jlglh` tk`y r`a`fv`. `r` fs
tk` mcw`st aklrlat`r m`v`m fb tk` plrty, bc j`i`bs` rcmm, lbj tk` aklrlat`r‖s J`-
pmus lby ncbus`s tk` plrty gly klv` i`bs` stlt jc`s bct lppmy fb tkfs als`.
(suak ls sefmms,
sefmms , ft`gs, `ta.), gfbus 0. Fi tk`
r`sumt fs kfhk`r tklb tk` `b`gf`s‖ m`v`m, Jlglh` lbj j`ltk
tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs lttlae 󿬌rst. lt J`ltk acg`s swf󰀄my fb tk` Irlatur`j
wfmm n` tk` crj`r glfbtlfb`j icr tk` ju- Jcgfbfcb5 fi l pmly`r aklrlat`r mcs`s lmm
rltfcb ci tk` wkcm` 󿬌hkt. kfs KT, k` fs j`lj. ` r`st ci kfs plrty 
@xlgpm`? Zyugg tk` Qtrlbh`r, gly try tc 󿬌bj l wly ci nrfbhfbh kfg
l m`v`m : aklrlat`r, fs ilafbh l hrcup ci  nlae tc mfi`, nut tkfs fs b`v`r `lsy (ak`ae 
m`v`m 1 klrpf`s. K` rcmms l > fb l J<4 tc j`- tk` Xkfak ci tk` kfmms `bacubt`r fb tk`
t`rgfb` tk` fbftfltfv` lbj ljjs kfs cwb K`x @xpmcrltfcb tlnm`). Lsfj` ircg
m`v`m tc tk` rcmm sfba` tk`r` lr` bc ctk`r  usfbh pctfcbs, nlbjlh`s, sp`mms, lbj
aklrlat`rs
aklrl at`rs fb kfs plrty wftk mcw`r m`v`m (: ctk`r g`lbs ci k`lmfbh, l aklrlat`r wfmm
+ > 7 9). K` jc`sb‖t klv` lby `xtrl r`acv`r < KT p`r jly ci ubfbt`rrupt`j
ncbus`s, sc k` suntrlats 0 ircg kfs fbftfl- r`st. Icur w``es ci r`st wfmm r`stcr` lmm ci 
tfv` rcmm, wkfak r`sumts fb l <. Qfba` tk` l aklrlat`r‖s KT‚r`hlrjm`ss ci kcw 
klrpf`s w`r` m`v`m 1, Zyugg ilfms tk` glby tk` aklrlat`r mcst.
ak`ae lbj tk` klrpf`s lttlaes 󿬌rst.
@lak latfcb ycu tle` sp`bjs l M`v`mfbh up lbj `xp`rf`ba`
acgnlt turb (ubm`ss sp`af󿬌`j)? lttlaefbh, Xftk l nft ci muae lbj sefmm, tk` pmly`r
usfbh l pctfcb, alstfbh l sp`mm, tk`y lmm aklrlat`rs wfmm smcwmy fbar`ls` fb pcw`r
sp`bj ycur turb. lbj prcw`ss. fs fs r`󿬎`at`j vfl @xp`-
rf`ba` Tcfbts ([T). Aklrlat`rs stlrt lt
@b`gy gcrlm` m`v`m cb`, lbj `lrb > @bklba`g`bt
Xk`b `b`gf`s mccs` gcr` tklb klmi  Tcfbts `lak tfg` tk`y r`lak l b`w m`v`m
tk`fr tctlm k`lmtk (wk`b ilafbh l sfbhm` tklt alb n` sp`bt cb stlts, sefmms lbj
`b`gy), cr klmi tk`fr tctlm bugn`r (fb sp`mms, ls j`sarfn`j
j`sarfn `j fb tk` pr`vfc
pr`vfcus
us aklp-
tk` als` ci hrcups), tk`y gust p`ricrg l t`r. Fb crj`r tc m`v`m up, aklrlat`rs wfmm
gcrlm` t`st. ^cmm J<4? <-0 tk`y 󿬎``, 9-<4 b``j tc laaru` `bcuhk [T. fs fs jcb`
tk`y stly, lbj tk` aklrlat`rs wfb tk` glfbmy vfl acgnlt, lmtkcuhk scg` ctk`r
󿬌hkt. Qcg` `b`gf`s 󿬌hkt tc tk` `bj, fb latfvftf`s gly r`wlrj tk` aklrlat`rs wftk
wkfak als` ft wfmm sly sc fb tk`fr j`sarfp- [T. @lak tfg` ycur plrty j`i`lts l ar`l-
tfcb. fs t`st fs p`ricrg`j cbmy cba`. tur` ircg tk` If`bjs lbj Ic`s cr @mft`
@b`gy tlnm`s, tk`y wfmm `lrb l j`t`r-
 

gfb`j lgcubt ci [T, ls p`r tk` icmmcw- Tm`ls` bct` tklt cba` `lrb`j
fbh tlnm`. ` pmly`r(s) fs tk`b ir`` tc jfs- lbj sp`bt cb m`v`mfbh up, tk` @xp`rf`ba`
trfnut` tk`g ls k` s``s 󿬌t lgcbh tk` Tcfbts lr` mcst. Vcu wfmm b``j tc stlrt la-
aklrlat`rs tklt plrtfafplt`j fb tk` 󿬌hkt. arufbh tk`g ircg 4 `lak tfg` l aklrla-
Aklrlat`rs alb r`lak l glxf- t`r m`v`ms up. fs g`lbs tklt l m`v`m >
gug ci m`v`m <4. ` lgcubt ci [T aklrlat`r wfmm b``j >4 [T tc m`v`m up tc
b``j`j tc m`v`m up p`r aklrlat`r fs ls icm- m`v`m 1, bct <4.
mcws? Y`rgfb hfv` bc [T
[T,, lbj tyrlbts
hfv` tk` slg` lgcubt ls l slg` m`v`m
:1
Lgcubt ci @xp`rf`ba` Tcfbts @mft` `b`gy wcumj. Qcg` `b`gf`s gly 
b`a`sslry p`r m`v`m klv` gcjf󿬌`rs tc tk` lgcubt ci [T tk`
M`v`m >? <4 [T aklrlat`rs `lrb wk`b tk`y efmm ft (fi wrft-
M`v`m 1? >4 [T t`b fb tk`fr j`sarfptfcb), nut tkfs fs tk`
M`v`m :? :4 [T stlbjlrj [T tlnm` tc n` us`j?
M`v`m 0? ;4 [T
M`v`m 9? <94 [T
M`v`m 8? :44 [T
M`v`m ;? ;44 [T
M`v`m 6? <944 [T
M`v`m <4? 1>44 [T

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`bacubt`r
 

 N@QZFL^V
` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb fs kcg` tc icmmcwfbh tlnm`, usfbh tk` plrty‖s m`v`m. L
glby jlbh`rs lbj tkr`lts. Glby ci tk`g plrty‖s m`v`m fs `qulm tc tk` kfhk`st m`v`m
lr` blturlm lbj `bj`gfa tc tk` r`hfcb, lgcbh tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs. Qc fi, icr
ctk`rs lr` prcjuat ci jlre glhfa, lbj `xlgpm`, l plrty kls l m`v`m 1 aklrlat`r,
scg` `v`b acg` ircg jfffl`r`bt r`lmftf`s l m`v`m > aklrlat`r lbj lbctk`r m`v`m >
:: lmtch`tk`r. L󰀄`r tkcuslbjs ci y`lrs aklrlat`r, tk` plrty‖s m`v`m wfmm n` 1.
ljlpt`j tc tkfs klrsk wcrmj, gcst mfvfbh ` tlnm` n`mcw wfmm n` us`j
(lbj bcbmfvfbh) ar`ltur`s jcb‖t g`ss lby tfg` tk` plrty `bacubt`rs l hrcup ci 
lrcubj5 tk`y wfmm lttlae ubprcvce`j,
ubprcvce`j, lbj `b`gf`s, tc j`t`rgfb` tk` `b`gy‖s m`v`m.
tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs wfmm klv` tc m`lrb
kcw tc j`lm wftk tk` fbbug`rlnm` tkr`lts Y@^GFB
tklt wfmm arcss tk`fr pltk. Y`rgfb lr` sglmm ar`ltur`s tklt acg` fb
hrcups. C󰀄`b sfgpm` lbfglms wftkcut
Ar`ltur` m`v`ms lby glmfafcus fbt`bt, tk`y lr` bcb`tk`-
` tkr`lts tklt tk` aklrlat`rs wfmm klv` m`ss `xtr`g`my jlbh`rcus fi ubj`r`stf-
tc acbircbt wfmm n`acg`
n`a cg` gcr` jlbh`rcus glt`j. Gcst ci tk`g cffl`r bc mcct, nut
ls tk`y fbar`ls` fb m`v`m5 icr tklt r`lscb, lr` `lsy tc efmm ls fbjfvfjulms. Y`rgfb
Y`rgfb lm-
`b`gf`s wfmm acg` fb l vlrf`ty ci m`v`ms, wlys klv` < KT p`r fbjfvfjulm, nut tk`y 
ircg < tc <4. fs fs j`t`rgfb`j ny tk` acg` fb mlrh` hrcups.

@B@GV M@Y@
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< <-: 0-; 6-<4

>   <-> 1-8   ;-<4

1   <-> 1-8   ;-<4

:   <-> 1-8 ;-<4

0   <->   1-8 ;-<4

9   <->   1-8
1- ;-6 <4

8   <-> 1-8 ;-6   <4

;   <-> 1-; 6-<4

6   <-> 1-; 6-<4

<4   < >-0 9-<4

 

Y@^GFB ZLNM@ (J<4)

< ‑ Hflbt lbts
> ‑ Gljlrf rlts
1 ‑ Ifr` nlts
: ‑ Bfhkt n``tm`s
0 ‑ Qln`rskljcws
9 ‑ A`btfp`j`s
8 ‑ Qplwbmfbh
Qplwbmfbhss ci Ykcm‖``st
st
; ‑ Justslurs :0
6 ‑ Hr`ymfbh
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Hflbt lbts
`s` r`m`btm`ss ar`ltur`s rclg tk` wlst`s mccefbh icr lby crhlbfa gltt`r tc jrlh nlae
tc tk`fr acmcbf`s, j`lj cr lmfv`. Ft fs quft` acggcb icr sglmm s`ttm`g`bts tc jfslpp`lr 
cv`rbfhkt, l󰀄`r l swlrg ci hflbt lbts 󿬌bjfbh ft lbj tlefbh `v`rycb` wftk tk`g.
Zyp`? Fbs`at. Gcrlm +<. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r >j<4+<4 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;

Gljlrf rlts
`s` hflbt rlts w`r` crfhfblmmy nr`j lt tk` Gljlrf Lr`bl, kubjr`js ci y`lrs lhc. `y 
w`r` us`j tc i``j tk` hflbt mfzlrjs lbj ctk`r n`lsts tklt w`r` us`j fb icra`j acgnlts
jurfbh tk` r`fhb ci Hkltr tk` Pbpm`lslbt, nut l󰀄`r tk` ilmm ci Gljlrf tk`y `salp`j lbj 
tkrfv`j lmm cv`r tk` r`hfcb.
Zyp`? N`lst. Gcrlm` -<. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9
 

M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae

Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r >j<4+; / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` ;

Ifr` nlts
 L acggcb
acggcb lbj ubic
ubicrtublt
rtublt`` sf
sfhkt
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gcst
cst alv`
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lbj ruf
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bs, tk`s`
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bfhktglr`
tglr`ss kl
klv`
v`
l v`ry plfbium nft` tklt alb `lsfmy h`t fbi`at`j, fi bct ltt`bj`j fgg`jflt`my.
Zyp`? N`lst. Gcrlm` -<. Bc mcct. Fi tk` wcubjs alus`j ny 󿬌r` nlts lr` bct tr`lt`j fg-
g`jflt`my (ls fb iummy k`lm`j), tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r wfmm mcs` tklt slg` lgcubt ci glx
:9 k`lmtk, p`rglb`btmy.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? J<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+> / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+> / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+9 / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+9 / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+; / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+; / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r >j<4+> / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 6

Bfhkt n``tm`s
`s` hflbt alrbfvcrcus fbs`ats t`bj tc lpp`lr fb swlrgs ci s`v`rlm fbjfvfjulms lbj hc
l󰀄`r prly guak mlrh`r tklb tk`gs`mv`s, usulmmy tlefbh tk`g jcwb wftk `ls` tklbes tc
tk`fr pcw`rium glbjf
glbjfnm`s.
nm`s.
Zyp`? Fbs`at. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? J<4 / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? J<4 / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+> / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+> / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+9 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r J<4+9 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+9 / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+9 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <<

Qln`rskljcws
`s` i`mfb` n`lsts lr` sglmm `bcuhk tc sb`le plst lby algp hulrjs, lbj fbt`mmfh`bt 
`bcuhk tc ebcw tc lttlae fb tk`fr sm``p. `y kubt fb sglmm plaes, nut tk`fr rlzcr-sklrp
rlzcr-sklr p
amlws lbj fbt`mmfh`ba` gle` up icr tk`fr sglmm bugn`rs.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? J0 (gfbfgug >) / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? J0+> / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+> / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
 

M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? J0+> / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8

M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+1 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+1 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+1 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? J0+1 / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <4
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+1 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <<
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? J0+: / Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <<

A`btfp`j`s
`s` i`lrm`ss lbj sfm`bt efmm`rs lr` rlr`my s``b fb mlrh` bugn`rs, nut tk`y klrjmy b``j  :8
lby k`mp tc cv`rpcw`r l jfstrlat`j mcct`r cr tc tle` jcwb scg` mcst alttm`.
Zyp`? Fbs`at. Bc gcrlm t`st. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <4
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <<
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <>
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <1
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <1

Qplwbmfbhs ci Ykcm‖`st
Zwfst`j lbj `v`r-aklbhfbh,
` v`r-aklbhfbh, tk` crfhfb
crfh fb ci tk`s` ar`ltur`s fs ubebcwb, nut ft fs am`lr tk`y 
lr` bct bltfv` tc lby r`hfcb ebcwb tc glb. Qcg`wklt w`le`r, tk`y t`bj tc kubt fb
swlrgs ci s`v`rlm fbjfvfjulms, ubtfm tk`y lr` cmj `bcuhk tc turb cb `lak ctk`r lbj j`-
vcur cb` lbctk`r. ` survfvcr wfmm tk`b n`acg` l t`rrfiyfbh (lbj m`tklm) sfhkt icr lby-
cb` ubicrtublt` `bcuhk tc arcss fts pltk.
Zyp`? Lncgfbltfcb. Bc gcrlm t`st. Mcct ->.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+> / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+9 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r >j<4+<4 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6

Justslurs
Qm``e, ilst lbj j`ljmy, justslurs lr` scg`tfg`s kubt`j icr tk`fr 󿬎`sk, `v`b tkcuhk tk`fr 
 i`rcafty lbj r`sfmf`ba` gle`s tk`g tk` tcuhk`s
tcuhk`stt ci pr`ys. `y lr` sglmm lbj nfp`jlm,
wftk l mlrh` sfbhm` amlw fb tk`fr m`󰀄 lrg tklt tk`y us` tc j`i`bj tk`gs`mv`s wk`b b``j`j.
 

`fr prct`atfv` alrlpla`s n`acg` klrj`r lbj klrj`r wftk lh`, glefbh cmj`r fbjfvfjulms
v`rftlnm` wlmefbh lrgcrs.
Zyp`? N`lst. Gcrlm` ->. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` <4
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` <<
:; M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` <>
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` <1
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <:
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <0

Hr`ymfbhs
`r` fs l mct ci jfsaussfcb lgcbh tk` i`w sakcmlrs stujyfbh tk` jfffl`r`bt n`lsts lbj 
ar`ltur`s icubj fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb r`hlrjfbh tk` Hr`ymfbhs.
Hr`y mfbhs. Glby pcfbt tcwlrjs
tk`fr ilsafbltfcb icr skfby tkfbhs ls lb fbjfaltfcb ci fbt`mmfh`ba`, wkfm` ctk`rs jfsgfss
tk`g ls sfgpm` n`lsts. Xklt`v`r tk` als`, tk`s` sb`ley kuglbcfj ar`ltur`s lr` lt-
trlat`j tc kuglb algps, wk`r` tk`y try tc sfm`btmy efmm `v`ryncjy n`icr` h`ttfbh lwly 
wftk lby rlbjcg nlunm`s tk` ubicrtublt` trlv`m`rs gly klv` klj fb tk`fr pcss`ssfcb.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Gcrlm` -<. Mcct -<.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? J<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` 9
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? J<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+> / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+> / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+9 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r J<4+9 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+9 / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` 6
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r J<4+0 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <>

Nmccji`ltk`rs
` sfhkt ci l nmccji`ltk`r
nmccji`ltk`r swlrg fs `bcuhk tc gle` tk` gcst `xp`rf`ba`j bcglj kfj`
fb tk` amcs`st rufbs. `s` tfby, nmccjtkfrsty lbfglms lpp`lr fb kuh` bugn`rs, swlrg
lrcubj lby mfvfbh ar`ltur`, lbj nm``j tk`g tc j`ltk.
Zyp`? N`lst. -< tc kft, ju` tc tk`fr acbiusfbh bugn`rs lbj sglmm sfz`. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+<4 / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? J<4+: / Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? >j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 1j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 1j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? :j<4+: / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` :
 

M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r :j<4+: / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9

M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? :j<4+; / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ;
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? :j<4+; / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6

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` icmmcwfbh mfst acbtlfbs tk` gcst
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ci tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb `bacubt`r
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kcrrcrs, n`lsts lbj glhfalm lncgfbl-
tfcbs lncubj fb tk`s` mlbjs, lbj bcb` ci 
wlbj`rfbh ljv`btur`rs.
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sglmm`r bugn`rs tklb v`rgfb, nut lr`
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0 IF@BJ
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Qklrlbf
Bcncjy ebcws tk` crfhfb ci tkfs lbaf`bt rla` ci sble` p`cpm`, nut tk`y lr` l r`mltfv`my 
acggcb sfhkt fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. Gcst ci tk`g mfv` fb sglmm trfnlm
tr fnlm hrcups tklt 
rclg tk` pmlb`s mccefbh icr tk`fr b`xt g`lm.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Bcrglm mcct.
M`v`m < - Bugn`r? J0-> (gfbfgug ci <) / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? <
M`v`m > - Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? <
M`v`m 1 - Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? <
M`v`m : - Bugn`r? 8 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? <
M`v`m 0 - Bugn`r? 8 / Lttlae
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M`v`m 9 - Bugn`r? J<4+< / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 1
M`v`m 8 - Bugn`r? J<4+< / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 1
M`v`m ; - Bugn`r? J<4+> / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 1
M`v`m 6 - Bugn`r J<4+1 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 1
M`v`m <4 - Bugn`r? J<4+1 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 1

Nurrcw jw`mm`rs
`s` twfst`j kuglb r`glfbs, r`lbfglt`j ny icum glhfa mcbh tfg` lhc, lr` r`m`btm`ss
fb tk`fr ljvlba`, c󰀄`b stlbjfbh nlae up l󰀄`r suffl`rfbh j`vlstltfbh wcubjs. ` j`lj 
b`v`r r`st fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb, lbj tk`fr bugn`r s``gs tc cbmy hrcw wftk tk`
 plssfbh ci
ci tfg`.
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M`v`m < - Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m
M`v`m 1: ‑
‑ Bugn`r?
Bugn`r? 1: // Lttlae
Lttlae ;; // J`i`bs`
J`i`bs` 98 // KT?
KT? 11
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 9
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 9
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 9

Nlbjfts
Zrlv`m`rs s`mjcg hc cb tk`fr ocurb`ys lmcb`, gcstmy ju` tc tk` lnubjlba` ci nlbjfts.
`s` wfmj trfn`s tkrfv` fb tk` kfmms, s`ttfbh lgnusk`s lbj trlps lbj strfefbh ircg tk`
skljcws, rlr`my tlefbh
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. lby survfvcrs.
Bcrglm mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae : / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
 

M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae

Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 1
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r?: / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 8 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
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hrlnnfbhh l trlv`m`r‖
trlv`m`r‖s lbem`s, cbmy 
tc jrlh kfg n`mcw, b`v`r tc n` s``b lhlfb, lr` quft` acggcb. Bcncjy kls r`lmmy s``b
gcr` tklb l ncrrcw`r‖
ncr rcw`r‖ss t`btlam`s, lbj glby susp`a
susp`att ft gly `v`b n` l sfbhm` aar`ltur`
r`ltur` fb-
st`lj ci s`v`rlm cb`s.
Zyp`? Lncgfbltfcb. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` : / KT? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? :
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 0
 

Justncrb
Xftk tk`fr salmy tlfms, amlw`j klbjs lbj prcgfb`bt n`les, tk`s` ar`ltur`s lpp`lr tc n`
sfgfmlr tc tk` sglmm`r justslurs. Bcncjy ebcws icr sur` fi tk`y lr` tk` slg` n`lst, cr 
sfgpmy lbctk`r ar`ltur` ljlpt`j tc mfi` cb tk` wlst`mlbjs fb l sfgfmlr ilskfcb. Cb`
tkfbh fs icr sur`, tk`fr sar``akfbh vcfa`s wfmm s`bj akfmms jcwb tk` spfb` ci tk` gcst v`t-
`rlb rufb rlfj`r.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? < / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` : / KT? 9
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` : / KT? 9
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 9 01
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 9
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 8
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 8
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? ;
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 6
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 6
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 6

` mcst
 Glby
 Gl by lr` tk` ljv`
ljv`btu
btur`rs
r`rs wkc j`m
j`mv`
v` tcc j``p fbt
fbtcc ttk`
k` k
kcrrcr
crrcrss ccii tk`
tk` u
ubj`rhr
bj`rhrcub
cubj,
j, sstujy 
tujy 
tcc klrj tk` gljj`bfbh tcg`s ci icrnfjj`b lrts, cr sfgpmy lr` ubmuaey `bcuhk tc `b-
acubt`r scg` t`rrfnm` lncgfbltfcb. cs` fbjfvfjulms n`acg` mfttm` gcr` tklb jrccmfbh,
jlbh`rcus n`lsts tklt rclg tk` pmlb`s, s`lrakfbh icr l wly tc spr`lj tk`fr lbh`r lbj 
gfs`ry tc tk` wcrmj.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Bcrglm mcct. +< tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s fbftfltfv` rcmm.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 1 / KT? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae << / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 8

Arlwm`rs
`s` lrgcr`j n`lsts mfe` tc kfj` fb jlre, amcs`j pmla`s mfe` rufbs lbj alv`s, wk`r` tk`y 
 󿬌bj gcss`s lbj ct
ctk`r
k`r v`h`tl
v`h`tlnm`
nm` gltt
gltt`r
`r tc `l
`lt.
t. @xtr`g`
@xtr`g`my
my t`rrftcrflm, tk`y wfmm fgg`
fgg`jf-
jf-
lt`my aklrh` lbycb` cr lbytkfbh tklt acg`s b`lr tk`g. `fr hflbt pfba`rs alb t`lr 
lplrt l hrcwb glb fb gfbut`s, sc trlv`m`rs t`bj tc sfgpmy rub lwly fbst`lj ci acb-
 ircbtfbh
 ircbtfbh tk`g.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 1
 

M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae

Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 1
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` << / KT? 1
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` <> / KT? 1
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? 1
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <: / KT? 1
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <: / KT? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <: / KT? 9

0: Nlr`lb
Qcg` sly tk` Nlr`lb nrcuhkt jcwb tk` Lh` ci Ncb` upcb us ny suggcbfbh tk`fr hcj 
Krlef‖f lbj ubm`lskfbh ft upcb tk` wcrmj, sc tklt tk`y gly tkrfv` lbj tk`fr fb󿬎u`ba`
 hrcw.. Fbj``j, tk` jch-mfe` Nlr`lb
 hrcw Nlr`lb s``g `xtr`g`my w`mm ljlpt
ljlpt`j
`j tc mfi` fb tk` Z
Zwfmfhkt,
wfmfhkt,
lbj fi ft w`r` bct icr tk`fr nlrnlrfa prlatfa`s tk`y wcumj klv` acbqu`r`j tk` wkcm` r`-
 hfcb mcbh lhc.
lhc.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Bcrglm mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? :
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 0

Klrpf`s
B`stfbh lrcubj rcae icrgltfcbs lbj rufbs, klrpf`s lr` l acggcb sfhkt fb tk` wlst`-
mlbjs ci tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. `y t`bj tc kubt fb hrcups icr lby scmftlry pr`y,
usulmmy lvcfjfbh mlrh`r alrlvlbs cr trfn`s, lbj ilvcrfbh lgnusk`s cv`r cp`b lttlaes.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bcrglm mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` : / KT? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? :
M`v`m 8 - Bugn`r? 0 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? :
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? 9 / Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? :
 

Qkljcw kcubjs
Qkljcw kcubjs lr` tk` t`rrfnm` s`rvlbts ci tyrlbts, ub-
m`lsk`j upcb tk` wcrmj tc jc tk`fr nfjjfbh. Qcg`tfg`s
tk`y lr` s``b jrlhhfbh tk`fr vfatfgs nlae tc l icrtr`ss,
ctk`r tfg`s tk`y sfgpmy t`lr tc pf`a`s lbytkfbh tklt arcss`s
tk`fr pltk. Xftk tk`fr nmufsk ku` lbj sgcctk, `y`m`ss ila`,
tk`s` n`lsts lr` gcst a`rtlfbmy icr`fhb tc tkfs wcrmj.
Zyp`? Lncgfbltfcb. Bc mcct. -< tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s
fbftfltfv` rcmm.
M`v`m < ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? 1 00
M`v`m > ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Bugn`r? > / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m : ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? :
M`v`m 8 ‑ Bugn`r? 1 / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m 6 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae
Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Bugn`r? : / Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` << / KT? 0

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IC^ LBV EFBJ CI JFYFB@ FBZ@^Y@BZFCB.‗
 

@MFZ@ @B@GF@Q `bj lt tk` klbjs (lbj amlws) ci tk`s`

@mft` `b`gf`s lr` tkcs` tklt alb sfbhm`- gcst jlbh`rcus ar`ltur`s. @mft` `b`gf`s
klbj`jmy j`i`lt l wkcm` hrcup ci pmly`r lmwlys lpp`lr lmcb`, nut glby ci tk`g
aklrlat`rs. `y pcs` l kuh` tkr`lt lbj gly p`ricrg s`v`rlm lttlaes p`r turb. Fi 
gust n` j`lmt wftk v`ry alutfcusmy. ` tklt fs tk` als`, lssfhb `lak lttlae tc l
r`wlrjs icr jcfbh sc lr` usulmmy wcrtky  jfffl`r`bt aklrlat`r,
aklrlat`r, ls ycu wcumj icr bcr-
`bcuhk ci tk` trcunm` tkcuhk, nut glby  glm acbircbtltfcbs wftk s`v`rlm `b`gf`s.
lr` tk` n`lst-kubt`rs tklt klv` g`t tk`fr

09
@MFZ@ @B@GV ZLNM@ (J<4)
< ‑ Juse n`lr
> - Qplwb ci Ykcm‖`st
1 ‑ Qklrlbf Trf`st
: ‑ Hflbt spfj`r
0 ‑ Ncb`󿬌`bj
9 ‑ Nm`ss`j Cb`
8 ‑ Gcbstrcus sacrpfcb
; ‑ Lrak`mcb
6 ‑ Y`t`rlb Xlt`r r`lp`r
<4 ‑ Qtcb` hcm`g

Juse n`lr
`s` `bcrgcus n`lsts rclg tk` mlbj s`lrakfbh icr tk`fr b`xt g`lm, lbj caalsfcblmmy 
t`rrcrfzfbh tcwbs lbj alrlvlbs. `fr hflbt amlws lbj olws gle` tk`g cb` ci tk` tcp
 pr`jltcrs
 pr`jl tcrs fb tk` Irlatur
Irlatur`j
`j Jcgfbfc
Jcgfbfcb.
b.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 0 / KT? ;
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 6
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? <4
M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? <<
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? <>
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? <0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT?<0
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? <6
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <: / KT? ><
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? ><

Qplwb ci Ykcm‖
Ykcm‖`st
`st
 L󰀄`r j`vcurfbh
j`vcurfbh l lbj
bj lssfg
lssfgfmltfb
fmltfbhh fts nr
nr`tkr`
`tkr`b,
b, l Qpl
Qplwb
wb ci Ykcm
Ykcm‖‖``st
st wfmm hrcw tc tk` ssfz`
fz`
ci twc g`b, wftk glws cp`bfbh larcss lmm fts ncjy lbj t`btlam`s skcctfbh ircg ub`x-
 p`at`j pmla`s. `fr purpcs` lbj hclms u ubebcwb,
bebcwb, tk`y rrclg
clg tk` w wlst`s
lst`s efmmfb
efmmfbhh lbytkfbh 
lbytkfbh 
tklt arcss`s tk`fr pltk.
 

Zyp`? Lncgfbltfcb. Mcct +<.

M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 8
M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` << / KT? 6
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` <> / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <: / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1 08
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8

Qklrlbf prf`st
Icmmcwfbh trljftfcbs cmj`r tklb tk` nfrtk ci glbefbj, l Qklrlbf prf`st gust trlv`m tk`
wcrmj fb scmftlry icr l p`rfcj ci tfg`, ubtfm k` `lrbs tk` pcw`r/rfhkt tc rum` cv`r kfs
trfn`.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Mcct +>. ^cm ^cmmm l J<4 `lak tur
turb5
b5 cb l <-1 tk` Qklrlbf prf`st‖
prf`st‖ss wcubjs
stlrt tc amcs`. Ft s`mi-k`lms < KT.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 9
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m : - Lt
Lttlae
tlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci llttlaes?
ttlaes? 1
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` << / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <> / KT? <1 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M``m ; ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? <: / Bugn`r
Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <: / KT? <0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <: / KT? <9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0

Hflbt spfj`r
`s` t`rrfnm` n`lsts mure fb tk` j``p`st ci alv`s lbj rufbs, kfjj`b fb acrb`rs wkfm` wlft-
fbh icr tk`fr b`xt g`lm tc lpp`lr. Cba` l vfatfg fs trlpp`j fb tk`fr w`n, tk`r` fs mfttm`
kcp` icr ft...
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct. -> tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖
aklrlat`r‖ss fbftfltfv` rcmm. ^cmm J<4 `v`ry turb,
cb l rcmm ci <->, tk` hflbt spfj`r spfts stfaey w`ns tc l rlbjcg aklrlat`r fbst`lj ci 
p`ricrgfbh lb lttlae. ` aklrlat`r p`ricrgs l J`xt`rfty ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm lhlfbst
l jffiaumty ci 9. Fi k` ilfms, k` fs trlpp`j
t rlpp`j lbj albbct lttlae5 tk` hflbt spfj`r wfmm icaus
cb tk` ctk`r aklrlat`rs. @lak turb, tk` trlpp`j aklrlat`r gly rcmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty 
8 tc r`m`ls` kfgs`mi. Fi lmm
lm m aklrlat`rs n`acg` w`nn`j, tk` hf hflbt
lbt spfj`r wfmm lttlae tk`g
ubtfm tk`y lr` lmm j`lj. Aklrlat`rs
A klrlat`rs gly bct us` J`i`bs` ncbus`s, cbmy lrgcr n ncbus`s
cbus`s
lr` lppmf`j wkfm` trlpp`j.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m : - Lttlae << / J`i`b
J`i`bs` s` <4 / KT? 9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes?
lttlaes? :
 

M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0

M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` << / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` << / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <> / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <: / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8

Ncb`󿬌`bj
Qcg` scra`r`rs trlbsa`bj tk`fr cwb j`ltk wftk tk` k`mp ci tk` pcw`r ci tk` Almlgftcus
0; Cb`s. Gcst ci tk` tfg`s tkcuhk tk` r`sumt fs l gfbjm`ss ar`ltur` wftk tk` cbmy hclm ci 
jrlfbfbh tk` mfi` icra` ci lby ar`ltur` tk`y arcss pltks wftk.
Zyp`? Pbj`lj. Mcct +<. Fi l pmly`r aklrlat`r fs efmm`j, ` ncb`󿬌`bj wfmm sp`bj l
turb rlfsfbh kfg ls cb` ci ` mcst, fgg`jflt`my
fgg`jflt`my lttlaefbh kfs icrg`r acgrlj`s.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <> / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9
 

M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <: / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9

M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m 6? Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes
lttlaes ;
M`v`m <4? Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <8 / KT? <4
< 4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes ;

Nm`ss`j Cb`
 L Nm`ss`j Cb` fs l tru` jfsafpm` ci tk` Trfgcrjflm Cb`s, lb la
lacmyt`
cmyt` ci tk` jl
jlre
re pcw`rs,
smlv` tc kfs cwb lgnftfcb. Kfs gfbj fs irlhg`bt`j nut tk` pf`a`s lr` stfmm tkr`lj`j tc-
 h`tk`r,, m`lvfbh l smf
 h`tk`r smfv`r
v`r ci kuglb
kuglbfty
fty.. `s` lr` scg` ci tk` gcst jlb
jlbh`rcus
h`rcus sp`mmalst`rs
sp`mmalst`rs 06
l pmly`r aklrlat`r wfmm 󿬌bj jurfbh kfs trlv`ms.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Mcct +>. Cb tk` Nm`ss`j Cb`‖s turb, rcmm l jf`. Cb l <-:, k` alsts
Qkljcw 󿬎lg`s fbst`lj ci lttlaefbh.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 8
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 8
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <8 / J`i`bs` <8 / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <; / J`i`bs` <; / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <6 / J`i`bs` <6 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes 9

Gcbstrcus sacrpfcb
Gcbstrcus
`s` hflbt sacrpfcbs lr` bct l acggcb sfhkt, nut
nut tk` ubicrtublt` i`w wkc klv` arcss`j 
 pltks wftk cb` ci tk`s` lbaf`bt n`lsts sp`le ci `bcrgcus amlws, nmlae akftfb
akftfb klrj ls
tk` strcbh`st g`tlm, lbj l stfbh`r alplnm` ci fgplmfbh l kcrs`. @v`b i`w`r acg` nlae
lmfv` ircg suak `bacubt`rs.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct. Cb tk` Gcbstrcus sacrpfcb turb, rcmm l J<4. Cb l <-1, k` lttlaes
wftk kfs stfbh`r fbst`lj. Fi k` wcubjs l aklrlat`r, tklt aklrlat`r wfmm n`acg` pcf-
scb`j. K` wfmm b``j tc rcmm lhlfbst Tcfscb (9) `v`ry turb, cr mcs` < KT.
KT.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m : - Lttlae <> / J`i`b
J`i`bs`s` <4 / KT? 9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes?
lttlaes? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` << / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <: / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <8 / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <; / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <; / J`i`bs` <6 / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
 

Lrak`mcb
 L tru` r`m
r`mfa
fa ccii tk` plst, tk`s` hflbts klv` scg`kc
scg`kcw
w su
survfv`j
rvfv`j l
lbj
bj ljlpt`j
ljlpt`j ttcc mmfi`
fi` cb mlbj.
Qfgfmlr fb sklp` tc tk` sglmm`r turtm`s tklt alb n` icubj b`lr ncjf`s ci wlt`r, lb lrak-
`mcb tcw`rs cv`r `v`b l gcubt`j glb. `fr icrgfjlnm` sk`mms gle`s tk`g bfhk ubefm-
mlnm`, wkfm` tk`fr n`le`j gcutk alb `lsfmy t`lr tkrcuhk lby lrgcr.
Zyp`? N`lst. Bc mcct. +< tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s fbftfltfv` rcmm.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 8 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? :
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 9
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <4 / KT? 9
9 M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? ;
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? ;
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <8 / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <; / KT? 6 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m ; - Lttlae <: / J`i`bs` >4 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` >4 / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <; / J`i`bs` >4 / KT? <: / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :

Y`t`rlb Xlt`r ^`lp`r

` Xlt`r
Xlt`r ^`lp`rs lr` tk` gcst i`lr`j lss
lsslssfbs
lssfbs fb tk` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. Ls plrt
plr t ci 
tk`fr plyg`bt, tk`y lr` hulrlbt``j tk` rfhkt tc klrv`st tk` 󿬎ufjs ci tk`fr vfatfgs icr 
ubebcwb purpcs`s, m`lvfbh skrfv`m`j, jrf`j-up acrps`s n`kfbj. Lmtkcuhk usulmmy kfr`j 
ny tk` rfak lbj pcw`rium tyrlbts tc wlh` tk`fr s`ar`t wlrs lhlfbst `lak ctk`r, ft fs bct 
ubacggcb icr g`raklbts lbj ctk`r w`lmtky fbjfvfjulms tc gle` us` ci tk`fr sefmms,
`v`b lt tk` rfse ci n`fbh lsscaflt`j wftk tkfs vfm` crj`r.
Zyp`? Kuglbcfj. Mcct +>. L Y`t`rlb Xlt`r ^`lp`r wfmm bct spr`lj kfs lttlaes lgcbh
pmly`r aklrlat`rs, icausfbh cb tk` slg` cb` fbst`lj. -> tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s fbf-
tfltfv` rcmm.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 9 / KT? 9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` ; / KT? 9 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
M`v`m 1 ‑ Lttlae 6 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` << / KT? 8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <> / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 9 - Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <: / KT? ; / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? <4 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 1
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <8 / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <6 / J`i`bs` <; / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae >4 / J`i`bs` <6 / KT? <1 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :

Qtcb` hcm`g
rcuhk tk` us` ci sp`mms lbj fbalbtltfcbs, scra`r`rs gly fbius` l stltu` wftk tk`fr cwb
mfi`-icra`, hrlbtfbh tk`g tk` lnfmfty tc icmmcw sfgpm` crj`rs. `s` ar`ltur`s c󰀄`b stlbj 
ls hulrjflbs fb rufbs lbj icrhctt`b
icrh ctt`b altlacgns, stfmm lwlftfbh icr tk`fr glst`r tc r`turb.
r`tur b.
Zyp`? Glhfa 󿬌`bj. Bcrglm mcct. +< tc tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s fbftfltfv` rcmm.
M`v`m < ‑ Lttlae 0 / J`i`bs` 8 / KT? <4
M`v`m > ‑ Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` ; / KT? << / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? >
 

M`v`m 1 - Lttlae 9 / J`i`bs` 6 / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :

M`v`m : ‑ Lttlae ; / J`i`bs` << / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m 0 ‑ Lttlae <4 / J`i`bs` <1 / KT? <> / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? :
M`v`m 9 ‑ Lttlae << / J`i`bs` <: / KT? <1 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 0
M`v`m 8 ‑ Lttlae <> / J`i`bs` <0 / KT? <: / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 9
M`v`m ; ‑ Lttlae <1 / J`i`bs` <9 / KT? <0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m 6 ‑ Lttlae <0 / J`i`bs` <; / KT? <0 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8
M`v`m <4 ‑ Lttlae <9 / J`i`bs` <6 / KT? <8 / Bugn`r ci lttlaes? 8

ZV^LBZQ
Zyrlbts lr` tk` gcst i`lr`j ar`ltur`s fb
tk` wkcm` Irlatur`j Jcgfbfcb. Laacrj-
fbh tc m`h`bj, ft wls tk`g wkc nrcuhkt
tk` wcrmj tc fts eb``s lbj b`lrmy j`-
strcy`j ft. `fr pcw`r fs lmgcst ubrf-
 vlm`j, lbj lmtkcuhk
l mtkcuhk r`vcmutfcbs lhlfbst
tk`g lbj tk`fr lh`bts lr` ir`qu`bt, v`ry  ci jlglh` tc tk` aklrlat`rs, spmft `v`bmy.
i`w glblh` tc suaa``j. Lbj tkcs` wkfak
jc, ft fs usulmmy tklbes tc tk` glakfbl-
tfcbs ci rfvlm tyrlbts, wkc sfgpmy pmla` l
pupp`t fb pmla` ci tk`fr j`i`lt`j rfvlm.
Lmtkcuhk s`gf-n`bfhb tyrlbts jc `xfst,
tk` glocrfty lat wftkcut lby lpplr`bt
r`lscb cr acba`rb icr lbyncjy cr lby-
tkfbh.
Xk`b tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs `b-
acubt`r l tyrlbt, ycu gust rcmm cb tk`
@mft` @b`gy tlnm`. ` tyrlbt wfmm klv`
tk` `xlat stlts lbj lnfmftf`s ls tk` r`sumt-
fbh ar`ltur`. Cb `lak ci tk` tyrlbt‖
ty rlbt‖s turb,
rcmm l J<4. Cb l <-1 ft wfmm alst cb` ci tk`
icmmcwfbh sp`mms fbst`lj ci p`ricrgfbh l
bcrglm lttlae?
9<
ZV^LBZ QT@MM
T@MMQQ ZLNM@ (J0)
< - ^`h`b`rltfcb? ` tyrlbt k`lms J<4
pmus tk` tyrlbt‖s m`v`m KT tc kfgs`mi, lt l
rlt` ci cb` p`r turb.
> - K`mm󿬌r`? ^cmm l J<4 pmus tk` tyrlbt‖s
m`v`m, gfbus tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r‖s J`-
i`bs` stlt. ` sp`mms j`lms tklt lgcubt
1 ‑ @btkrlmm? L rlbjcg aklrlat`r gust
rcmm lhlfbst Xfmm (9) cr n`acg` `btkrlmm`j
ny tk` tyrlbt. Lb `btkrlmm`j aklrlat`r
wfmm 󿬌hkt lhlfbst kfs acgrlj`s ubtfm tk`
tyrlbt jf`s, cr tk` aklrlat`r jf`s.
: ‑ @bi``nm`g`bt? L rlbjcg aklrlat`r
suffl`rs l -< Lttlae lbj -< J`i`bs` icr tk`
r`st ci tk` acgnlt.
0 ‑ Tcfscbcus gfst? Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm
lhlfbst Tcfscb (J0 + Zyrlbt‖s m`v`m) cr
n`acg` pcfscb`j. L pcfscb`j aklrlat`r
wfmm mcs` < KT p`r turb.
 

^@QAP@ TL^ZV
^`sau` plrty‗ fs lb fbtrcjuatcry ljv`b- jm`j lrcubj l tlnm`. `fr vcfa`s rlfs`
tur` j`sfhb`j tc `ls` tk` pmly`r fbtc tk` bcw lb tk`b, ls fi tk`y w`r` jfsaussfbh
hlg`‖s rum`s, wftkcut klvfbh tc wcrry  scg`tkfbh v`ry k`lt`jmy wkfm` tryfbh bct
lncut h`b`rltfbh l mcaltfcb tc `xpmcr`. tc lttrlat lby ltt`btfcb. Xkfak fgg`jf-
Qfgpmy icmmcw tk` st`ps lbj j`sarfptfcbs lt`my gle`s ycu ply gcr` ltt`btfcb.
9> n`mcw. Ft‖s l skcrt lbj `bhlhfbh ljv`b- ”...lbj F tcmj k`r, F tcmj k`r bct
tur` tklt wfmm m`lj tk` aklrlat`rs tc tk` tc m`t tk` mlj hc wftk kfg! F EB@X tkfs
jlbh`rcus rufbs ci tk` Z
Zcgn
cgn ci Elm-l- wcumj klpp`b, ycu albbct trust l icr-
rls. ` 󿬌rst tfg` tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs `fhb`r tc tle` alr` ci ycur efj. lt efj
`bacubt`r l s`ttm`g`bt (ls p`r tk` rum`s fs l am`v`r ncy
ncy,, nut w` lmm ebcw wklt kcr-
ci K`x `xpmcrltfcb), tkfs s`ttm`g`bt wfmm rcrs rclg tk`s` mlbjs, `sp`aflmmy lrcubj
n` tk` tcwb ci @skrlb. tk` rufbs...‗. Vcu k`lr gurgurs ci lp-
prcvlm, lbj s`` tk` ctk`r g`b bcjjfbh.
”Oust lbctk`r just-acv`r`j tcwb‗ ` glb sp`lefbh s``gs tc n` fb kfs mlt`
L󰀄`r jlys ci rclgfbh tk` `gpty mlbj- 󿬌󰀄f`s, lbj k` kls tk` lpp`lrlba` ci 
salp`, plrtflmmy icmmcwfbh lb cmj rclj, scg`cb` wkc kls n``b wcrefbh tkfs
ycu s`` tk` ilgfmflr sklp` ci kcus`s fb klrsk mlbj kfs wkcm` mfi`? strcbh, gusam`j
tk` jfstlba`. Ft lpp`lrs tc n` scg` scrt lrgs, jfrt ubj`r kfs 󿬌bh`rblfms, lbj l
ci s`ttm`g`bt, tk` 󿬌rst ycu `bacubt`r fb p`rglb`bt sacwm cb kfs ila`. K` suj-
l wkfm`. L hr`lt cppcrtubfty tc kubt icr j`bmy turbs kfs k`lj tcwlrj ycu, kfs `y`s
rugcrs lbj h`t scg` wlrg iccj. L i`w  blrrcwfbh wk`b k` r`lmfz`s ycu‖v` n``b
kcurs mlt`r ycu arcss tk` j`alyfbh hlt`s, mfst`bfbh tc tk`fr acbv`rsltfcb. ”Jfjb‖t
wk`r` lb cmj, ncr`j hulrj stlr`s lt ycu ycur gctk`r t`mm ycu ycu jcb‖t mfst`b tc
wftk suspfafcb, nut bct `bcuhk tc qu`s- ctk`r p`cpm`‖s acbv`rsltfcbs3‗, k` slys,
tfcb ycu. K` m`ts ycu plss ubaklmm`bh`j. fbiurflt`j. K` turbs tcwlrj ycu, tk`
` ”tcwb‗
”tcwb‗ fs bc gcr` tklb ufb`j ctk`r g`b icmmcwfbh n`kfbj. N`icr` k`
t klb l i`w rrufb`j
kcus`s, wftk v`ry mfttm` p`cpm` acgfbh alb sly lbctk`r wcrj tkcuhk, l wcglb
lbj hcfbh. VVcu
cu cv`rk`lr tk` blg` ci ttk` k` acgfbh ircg tk` eftak`b fbt`ri`r`s.
tcwb? @skrlb. Ft s``gs tklt tk` cbmy r`l- ”M`lv` tk` austcg`rs lmcb`, ycu cmj
scb tkfs pmla` `xfsts fs n`alus` ft‖s amcs` h``z`r! fbhs lr` lmr`ljy nlj `bcuhk
`bcuhk tc l trlj` rcut` tc gle` ft lp- lrcubj k`r` wftkcut ycu stlrtfbh l
p`lmfbh
p`lmf bh tc w`lry trlv`m`rs jc`sb‖t tle` 󿬌hkt!‗. ` wcglb, fb k`r tkfrtf`s, kls
trlv`m`rs.. Ft jc`sb‖t
ycu mcbh tc 󿬌bj lb fbb, wk`r` ycu alb tk` tfr`j lbj swcmm`b `y`s ci scg`cb`
r`st lbj hrln scg`tkfbh tc `lt. wkc kls n``b aryfbh l mct r`a`btmy. Qk`
Xkfm` ycu lr` 󿬌bfskfbh l st`w  lmsc kls tk` 󿬌`ra` j`t`rgfbltfcb ci l
ci qu`stfcblnm` qulmfty, ycu stlrt tc i``m wcglb wkc kls ebcwb suffl`rfbh, `x-
r`mlx`j `bcuhk tc ak`ae ycur surrcubj- p`ats tc `xp`rf`ba` ft lhlfb, lbj ebcws
fbhs. Bcncjy wcumj gfstle` tkfs pmla` tklt ft wcumj n` stupfj tc `xp`at ctk`r-
icr l nustmfbh urnlb tlv`rb, nut ycu jc wfs`. Qk` lpprclak`s ycur tlnm`, stlbj-
trlv`m`rs sfttfbh cb ctk`r fbh n`tw``b ycu lbj tk` g`b. ”F
s`` scg` ctk`r trlv`m`rs
tlnm`s, ls w`mm ls l nubak ci mcalms kur- lpcmchfz`, sfr‗, sk` slys, ”tk` plst jlys
 

9:

klv` n``b rcuhk lbj w` lr` lm

lmmm cb `jh`‗. pmlbbfbh lmm tk`s` tkfbhs k` wls hcfbh tc
Vcur aurfcsfty bcw h`bufb`my pfqu`j, jc wftk tk` plyg`bt tk` glb wls hcfbh
ycu h`btmy lse wklt klpp`b`j. Nlr`my  tc hfv` kfg, tklt F acumjb‖t sly bc. F ebcw 
kcmjfbh nlae tk` t`lrs, tk` wcglb k` wcumj klv` sb`le`j cut `ftk`r wly...
sp`les5 ”Bct `v`b l w``e lhc l glb Vcu eb
ebcw
cw k` wcumj klv`, rfhkt,
rfh kt, Qtluj3
Qtluj3‗‗,
alg` k`r`. K` wls l trlv`m`r, lb `xpmcr`r, sk` mcces cv`r k`r skcumj`r lt tk` glb
mccefbh icr jfr`atfcbs. Gy ncy ^klm wls sk` n`rlt`j n`icr`, mccefbh icr suppcrt.
s`rvfbh tlnm`s tklt jly, lbj k` scg`kcw  ”Ci acurs` k` wcumj klv`, k` fs lb fbj`-
acbvfba`j tk` glb tklt k` acumj hufj` p`bj`bt cb`, tklt cb`‗, tk` glb slys,
kfg tc tk` rufbs. X` lmm ebcw lncut tk` wkfm` r`stfbh kfs klbj cb tk` wcglb‖s
rufbs, tk`y klv` n``b tk`r` n`icr` skcumj`r. ”`r` fs bc acbtrcmmfbh tklt
@skrlb `v`b `xfst`j, nut w` jcb‖t tlme  ncy wk`b k`‖s j`afj`j k` wlbts tc jc
lncut tk`g, cr laebcwm`jh` tk`fr `xfs- scg`tkfbh...‗.
t`ba`. Ft‖s
Ft‖s nlj muae, ttklt
klt pmla` fs aurs
aurs`j!‗
`j!‗.. ` wcglb mcces nlae tc ycu,
K`r vcfa` nr`les wkfm` sk` stlrts tc scn, l splre ci kcp` fb k`r `y`s. ”Nut ycu!
nut tk`b sk` s``gs tc r`hlfb acbtrcm, Vcu lr` lmsc l trlv`m`r, lbj oujhfbh ny 
acbtfbufbh5 ”Nut ^klm fs l stunncrb ncy, ycur w`lpcbs ycu lr` us`j tc ilafbh
l nrlv` ncy... K` wls sc iumm ci `btkusf- jlbh`r.. Gy ncy kls n
jlbh`r n``b
``b hcb` icr lmgcst
lsg wk`b k` lse`j g` icr p`rgfssfcb, l w``e, sc k` gust n` fb trcunm`! F n`h

ycu, pm`ls`, pm`ls` hc tc tklt pmla` lbj
nrfbh kfg nlae kcg`. F‖mm jc wklt`v`r
ycu wlbt, hfv` ycu `v`rytkfbh F cwb. Nut
pm`ls`! Vcu gust k`mp g`!‗. Ny tk` tfg`
sk` 󿬌bfsk`s tlmefbh sk` fs cb k`r eb``s,
n`hhfbh ycu wftk t`lrs fb k`r `y`s. `
rccg fs quf`t, lbj `v`ryncjy fs stlrfbh
lt ycu.
fs jfj bct hc ls ycu klj
kcp`j ft wcumj. Qk` m`lv`s ycu wftk bc
cptfcb nut tc lhr``5 tkfbhs lr` lmr`ljy 
k`lt`j `bcuhk k`r` wftkcut ycu r`iusfbh
tc k`mp l pccr
pc cr gctk`r 󿬌bj k`r mcst ncy...
ncy...
N`sfj`s, wkc ebcws wklt tr`lsur`s ycu
wfmm 󿬌bj3 Vcu sgfm` lbj laa`pt.
Xfpfbh tk` t`lrs cffl k`r `y`s,
tk` wcglb tklbes ycu wftk l sgfm`, ci-
i`rfbh ycu tc stly tk` bfhkt icr ir`` lbj
tc `lt lbj jrfbe ls guak ls ycu wlbt.
Vcu qufaemy gle` lrrlbh`g`bts icr tk`
b`xt gcrbfbh tc g``t cb` ci tk` g`b,
wkc wfmm tle` ycu tc tk` licr`g`btfcb`j
licr`g`btfcb`j
rufbs.
Xklt klv` ycu hctt`b ycurs`mi  tc j`t`rgfb` tk` ar`ltur`‖s m`v`m lbj
fbtc3
Zrlv`mfbh tc tk` tcgn
Cba` ycu m`lv` tk` tcwb, hc tc tk`
t k` amcs-
`st ub`xpmcr`j k`x. ^cmm l J<45 cb l rcmm
ci <-; ycu
l pr`tty 󿬌bjfj`l
hccj tk`wk`r`
rufbs (ycur hufj`
tk`y lr`, nutkls
k`
kls b`v`r latulmmy n``b tk`r`). Fi bct, hc
tc tk` b`xt ub`xpmcr`j k`x. Cba` ycu
󿬌bj tk`g, ycu lr` lmcb`, ls ycur hufj`
wfmm k`lj nlae kcg` ls ilst ls k` alb.
Fgpcrtlbt tkfbhs tc r`g`gn`r
- Xkfm` pmlyfbh fbsfj` tk` tcgn, sfgpmy  <. ` klmi-nurf`j `btrlba` ci tk` tcgn
icmmcw tk` glp. ` plrty wfmm stlrt fb
pcsftfcb bugn`r <, nut ircg tk`r` ycu
lr` ir`` tc `xpmcr` tk` pmla` ls ycu s`` 󿬌t.
^`lj `lak nut
`bt`r tk`g, rccg‖s j`sarfptfcb
try bct ls ycu
tc r`lj lk`lj lbj
spcfm tk` ljv`btur`!
- Cb` ci tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs wfmm b``j
tc n` alrryfbh l mfhkt scura`, ctk`rwfs`
tk` plrty wfmm suffl`r tk` bcrglm p`blmtf`s
icr 󿬌hktfbh fb tk` jlre.
- ` bcrglm wlbj`rfbh `b`gf`s rum`
lppmf`s tc tk` tcgn5 `lak tfg` ycur plrty 
hc`s tkrcuhk l acrrfjcr (cr l rccg tk`y 
klv` lmr`ljy `xpmcr`j),
`xpmcr`j), cb l rcmm ci <-> l
wlbj`rfbh `b`gy lpp`lrs. 90
- Gcst ci tk` rccgs klv` bc jccr, nut l
i`w ci tk`g jc5 icmmcw tk` stlbjlrj rum`s
icr mcae`j jccrs (plh` 1>).
- @lak tfg` tk` plrty `bt`rs l rccg (fb-
amujfbh tk` `btrlba`), rcmm >j<4. Cb l
rcmm ci >4, tk` Qplwb ci Ykcm‖`st tklt
rclgs tk` tcgn wfmm n` fb tklt
t klt rccg lbj
lttlae tk` plrty. Icr `lak rccg tk` plrty 
plrt y 
`xpmcr`s tklt jc`sb‖t klv` tk` Qplwb fb
ft, ljj l +< tc tk` b`xt rccg ak`ae. Cba`
ycu `bacubt`r tk` Qplwb, rcmm ls usulmmy 
stlts. Fi j`i`lt`j, lsfj` ircg tk` bcrglm
mcct, nurf`j fb tk` ar`ltur`‖s ak`st tk`r`
fs l trlp`zcfjlm stcb` glj` ci scg` typ`
ci qulrtz. Lssfhb tk`
t k` stcb` tc cb` ci ycur
aklrlat`rs.
- Cba` ycu lr` jcb` `xpmcrfbh tk` pmla`
(cr sfgpmy wlbt tc m`lv`), r`g`gn`r tklt
ycu wfmm b``j tc r`trla` ycur st`ps lbj
󿬌bj tk` `xft sli`my!
s li`my!
ZK@ ZCGN
CGN
m`ljs fbtc lb `gpty aklgn`r5 ycu s`` tk`
r`glfbs ci mcbh-j`lj lbfglms saltt`r`j
lrcubj, nut ycu fhbcr` tk`g ls ycu lmsc
bctfa` l trlfm cibct
tfv`my r`a`bt, icctprfbt
icctprfbts.
s. `y
cmj`r tklb lr` r`ml-
l acupm` ci 
jlys. Vcu lr` fb tk` rfhkt pmla`.
 

>. ^cmm cb tk`

t k` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi ycu ` ncjy ci tk` sble` 󿬎cws nlae lbj
h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft lbj tcwlrj tk` wlmm tc hc rcubj lncut tk`
rcmm lhlfb. rccg fb `v`r sglmm`r afram`s, ar`ltfbh l
spfrlm pltt`rb cb tk` 󿬎ccr
󿬎ccr.. Qfgfmlr hr``b-
1. L arlae fb tk` a`fmfbh lncv` tk` gfj- stcb` sble`s w`bj lmcbh tk` wlmms,
jm` ci tk` bcrtk wlmm lmmcws l trfaem` ci  s``gfbhmy lt rlbjcg k`fhkts, lbj tk`fr
wlt`r tc 󿬎cw jcwb tc tk` 󿬎ccr. ` mcbh ncjf`s gle` wlv` sklp`s. L󰀄`r s`v-
wlt`r pccms b`lr tk` nls` ci tk` wl mm, lbj `rlm gfbut`s stujyfbh tk` pmla`, ycu 󿬌bj
wlmm,
l rfvum`t rubs lmcbh tk` wlmm lbj cut fbtc bc purpcs` tc ft lbj j`afj` tc m`lv`.
99 tk` klmm. ` wlt`r sg`mms ir`sk. `
plrty cntlfbs J0 rltfcbs. 6. Xk`b mccefbh fbtc tkfs aklgn`r,
ycu‖r` acbircbt`j ny l tkcuslbj r`󿬎`a-
:. ^cmm cb tk`
t k` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi ycu tfcbs ci ycurs`mi mccefbh nlae. Gfrrcr`j
h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft lbj wlmms s`t lt jfffl`r`bt lbhm`s 󿬌mm tk` rccg.
rcmm lhlfb. L pltk s``gs tc wfbj tkrcuhk tk` gfr-
rcrs, tlefbh ycu larcss ft lbj fbtc tk`
0. fs aklgn`r ci w`mm-mlfj stcb`s kcmjs b`xt rccg. Gfrrcrs lr` `xtr`g`my rlr`5
l wfj` nls-r`mf`i ci l plstcrlm sa`b`. Fb ft tkfs fs tk` 󿬌rst tfg` ycu s`` cb`, ls l glt-
ycu s`` l wklt lpp`lrs tc n` l tkrfvfbh t`r ci ilat. L󰀄`r l i`w gfbut`s tryfbh tc
afty. L󰀄`r l i`w gfbut`s ci `xlgfbltfcb, jfsglbtm` cb` sc tklt ycu gly tle` ft
ycu r`achbfz` tk` mcaltfcb tklbes tc tk` wftk ycu, ycu hfv` up lbj j`afj` tc acb-
nlaehrcubj gcubtlfbs. fs lr`l kls bc tfbu`.
aftf`s bcwljlys, tkcuhk, oust scg` sglmm
ilrgs k`r` lbj tk`r`. fs j`pfatfcb <4. ^cmm cb tk` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi 
gust n` glby tkcuslbjs ci y`lrs cmj, ycu h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft
ircg n`icr` tk` Altlamysg. lbj rcmm lhlfb.

9. fs rccg lpp`lrs tc n` cr klv` n``b <<. L icum st`bak s``gs tc n` s``pfbh
l mfnrlry ci scrts. Tfm`s ci klmi-rctt`b ircg tk` 󿬎ccr arlaes5 tk` sg`mm fs bfhk

tcg`s lr` hltk`rfbh

wftk sk`mv`s just fbci
upcb sk`mv`s `v`ry a crb`r,
acrb`r
ctk`rs acm-, ubn`lrlnm`.
ubn`lrlnm`
ircg . ` iug`s
tk` j`ptks, s``g
alrryfbh tc crfhfblt`
l sg`mm sfgfmlr
mlpsfbh cb tk` wlmms. ` plrty gly  tc rctt`b `hhs. N`tt`r tc gcv` lmcbh. Icr
sp`bj l wkcm` jly k`r` tc sf󰀄 tkrcuhk `lak turb tk` aklrlat`rs stly k`r`, tk`y 
tk` ncces tc s`` fi tk`r`
t k`r` fs lbytkfbh ci fb- gust rcmm lhlfbst pcfscb 0, cr mcs` < KT.
t`r`st. ^cmm lhlfbst Glhfa m`v`m 8, fi ycu
plss ft, tk`b rcmm l J<4. Cb l <, ycu 󿬌bj <>. fs rccg fs l tcgn. Qtcb` slr-
l sarcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm. acpklhf stlbj fb 󿬌v` rcws ci tkr``, `lak
alrv`j wftk tk` vfslh` ci l wlrrfcr myfbh
8. ^cmm cb tk`
t k` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi ycu fb stlt`. Fb tk`fr a`bt`r, cb` slracpklhus
h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft lbj stlbjs tlmm`r tklb tk` r`st. K`mj up ny sfx
rcmm lhlfb. sqult pfmmlrs, fts stcb` n`lrs tk` alrvfbh

;. ^cubj`j hr``b stcb`s s`t fb tk` 󿬎ccr ci l n`lutfium

lsm``p wcglb
tklb j`lj. wkcbhs``gs
` alrvfbh
alrvf ci tk`gcr`
wlr-
icrg l sble`‖s k`lj tklt pcfbts fb tk` rfcrs fs sefmmium nut s``gs p`riubatcry 
jfr`atfcb ci tk` jccrwly ycu stlbj fb. acgplr`j tc tk` mcv` l saumptcr gust
 

98

klv` mlvfsk`j upcb tk` mfi`mfe` alrvfbh ci  󿬌bj l ebfi` lbj l mlgp, lbj scg` acce-
tk` wcglb. Lmm ci tk`g mf` cp`b tkcuhk5 fbh ut`bsfms saltt`r`j larcss tk` rccg.
tk`fr ncb`s saltt`r`j larcss tk` rccg, Bc acrps`s tkcuhk, sc wklt`v`r klp-

tk`fr rfak`s rlbslae`j mcbh lhc. p`b`j k`r`,

alg` cut lmfv`scg`cb`
ircg ft. (cr scg`tkfbh)
<1. ^cmm cb tk` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi 
ycu h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft <0. ^cmm cb tk` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi 
lbj rcmm lhlfb. ycu h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft
lbj rcmm lhlfb.
<:. Ls sccb ycu `bt`r tkfs rccg, tk`
sg`mm ci nmccj cv`rwk`mgs ycur s`bs`s. <9. ` s`acbj ycu `bt`r tkfs rccg, ycu
Qcg`tkfbh hru`scg` tcce pmla` fb tkfs s`bs` l jlre, cppr`ssfv` `b`rhy, ls fi tk`
rccg, tk`r`‖s nmccj sprly`j cv`r tk` lfr fts`mi w`r` tryfbh tc `salp``s alp` ycur mubhs
t k` mcces ci ft, ft lbj tk` rccg. V
󿬎ccr lbj wlmms. Lbj ny tk` Vcu
cu fgg`jflt`my pfbpcfbt
wlsb‖tt tklt mcbh lhc. Cv`r
wlsb‖ pcw`rfbh ycur tk` scura` ci suak blus`ltfbh `b`rhy? l
Cv`rpcw`rfbh

urh` tc m`lv` tk`

mcce lrcubj. rccg, algp`j
Qcg`cb` ycu tle`k`r`
l amcs`r
bct nmlae, gltt`
tk` rccg. Lsslracpklhus fb tk`
ycu lpprclak a`bt`r
ft, tk` ci 
s`bs`
tcc mcbh lhc5 tk`r`‖s stfmm scg` iccj fb- ci jr`lj fbar`ls`s5 rcmm lhlfbst Glhfa
sfj` l pct cv`r l acmj algp󿬌r`. Vcu lmsc m`v`m 9 usfbh ycur Glhfa ^`sfstlba`. Fi 

ycu ilfm tk` t`st, hlfb < AT. Cba` ycu lp-
prclak tk` slracpklhus, ycu alb s`` tklt
fs l acgpm`t`my i`ltur`m`ss nmlae r`atlb-
hm`, lmgcst tkr`` g`t`rs mcbh lbj glj`
ci scg` ubfj`btf󿬌`j stcb`. J`spft` kcw  n`kfbj tk` K`lrt. Lmr`j lpprclak`s ft
pmlfb ft mcces, ft‖s cnvfcus tklt tkfs wls
tk` wcre ci l glst`r stcb`glscb. Lt tk`
tcp a`bt`r ci tk` tkfbh tk`r` fs scg`tkfbh
tklt altak`s ycur `y`5 scg` efbj ci  ”F tkfbe ft‖s lncut tfg` w` `xft tkfs pmla`.
9; scae`t, ls fi l pf`a` klj n``b tle`b ircg
ft.
- Fi ycu j`i`lt`j tk` splwb tklt
t klt
rclgs tk` tcgn, ycu skcumj klv` laa`ss
tc tk` stcb` ft wls alrryfbh. Ft 󿬌ts p`r-
i`atmy cb tk` scae`t, lbj tk` slracpklhus
s lracpklhus
smfj`s cp`b wftkcut l bcfs`.
- Fi ycu jcb‖t klv` tk` splwb‖s
stcb`, ycu wfmm b``j tc 󿬌bj lbctk`r wly  lbj just. Vcu
tc cp`b ft. Fi Lmr`j fs wftk tk` plrty, k`
wfmm 󿬌bj cb`5 ctk`rwfs` rcmm lhlfbst J`x-
t`rfty ^`sfstlba` (9) tc 󿬌bj ft. ”K`r`,
tk`r`‖‖s l arlae
tk`r` a rlae s`plrltfbh tk` mfj ircg tk`
slracpklhus‗, slys Lmr`j wkfm` k` eb``ms
amcs` tc ft. K` s``gs ublffl`at`j ny tk`
pmla`. Vcu mcce wk`r` k` fs pcfbtfbh lt
lbj ycu s`` tklt tk`r` jc`s s``g tc n` l
wly ci cp`bfbh tkfs tkfbh. ` qu`stfcb
fs, skcumj ycu3 Fi ycu ltt`gpt tc cp`b ft,
rcmm lhlfbst Qtr`bhtk ^`sfstlba` (<4).
Cbmy cb` ltt`gpt p`r pmly`r aklrlat`r fs
lmmcw`j.
Cba` tk` slracpklhus cp`bs (cb` wly cr
lbctk`r), ycu s`` l tlmm, se`m`tlm 󿬌hur` fb-
sfj` ci ft. Fb tk` se`m`tcb‖s ak`st, ycu s``
l nmlae pumsltfbh k`lrt. N`icr` ycu alb
j`afj` wklt tc jc wftk ft tkcuhk, tk`
se`m`tlm 󿬌hur` stlrts tc skle` lbj tr`g-
nm`. Zc
Zc ycur kcrrcr, ycu s`` tk`
t k` cmj n
ncb`s
cb`s
acgfbh nlae tc mfi` fb ircbt ci ycu5 ft
stlbjs fbsfj` tk` slracpklhus wkfm` ycu
r`tr`lt
ycu, lbjlwly ircg
tk`b ft. Ft s``gs
lttlaes. Zr`lttctkfs
stlr``b-
lt
acubt`r ls l Ncb`󿬌`bj (@mft` `b`gy)5
rcmm icr fts m`v`m ls usulm.
Fi ycu glblh` tc j`i`lt tk`
se`m`tlm hulrjflb (wkc ycu susp`at wls
bcb` ctk`r tklb Elm-lrls), tk` ncb`s
wfmm jfsscmv` fbtc l pfm` ci just, m`lvfbh
lbj alutfcusmy pfaes ft up. K` tk`b wrlps
ft fb l pf`a` ci amctk lbj j`pcsfts ft fbsfj`
kfs nlh.
M`t‖s hc‗.
<8. ^cmm cb tk` ^ccg Acbt`bt tlnm`. Fi 
ycu h`t l Qp`aflm i`ltur` r`sumt, fhbcr` ft
lbj rcmm lhlfb.
<;. Lt 󿬌rst hmlba`, tkfs rccg fs oust lb-
ctk`r `gpty aklgn`r iumm ci acnw`ns
Vcu alutfcusmy gcv` larcss tk`
aklgn`r, tk` mfhkt ci ycur tcrak alstfbh
skljcws cb tk` wlmms. Vcu sccb r`lmfz`
tk`r`‖s scg`tkfbh ubusulm k`r`? l sglmm
gcubj ci slbj, s``gfbhmy cut ci pmla`.
Vcu lpprclak ft wftk alutfcb, lbj tk`
skfb` ci g`tlm r`󿬎`at`j cb ycur mlgp
altak`s ycur `y`5 tk`r` s``gs tc n`
scg`tkfbh klmi nurf`j tk`r`.
t k`r`. Qtfmm ubsur`,
ycu h`t cb ycur eb``s lbj stlrt r`gcv-
fbh tk` slbj. Ft s``gs tc n`... scg` efbj
ci k`mg`t! Nut ft‖s
ft‖s pr`tty stuae, ssc
c ycu jfh
ltklt
nfttk`
gcr`. Ft fsfstk`b
k`mg`t wk`b ycu
stfmm lttlak`j tc lr`lmfz`
k`lj!
Vcur 󿬌rst r`latfcb fs tc ougp lwly,
tkfbefbh ycu oust ubacv`r`j scg` cmj r`-
glfbs (cr scg`tkfbh wcrs`), nut cba`
ycu tle` l gfbut` tc mcce n`tt`r, ycu s``
tklt tkfs fs bc cmj acrps`5 ls l gltt`r ci 
ilat, ycu acumj sw`lr k`‖s stfmm lmfv`!Acumj
tkfs n` tk` ncy ycu‖
ycu‖r`r` mccefbh icr3
Z`b gfbut`s mlt`r, ycu r`lmfz`
tklt ft fs bct. fs s``gs tc n` n ` l gfjjm`-
lh`j glb, jr`ss`j fb m`ltk`r lrgcr lbj
lb `am`atfa
ircg trfn`sgfsk glsk citk`
lmm lrcubj amctk`s tle`b
Jcgfbfcb.
L󰀄`r l i`w gfbut`s ci nlsfa 󿬌rst-lfj lbj
r`lbfgltfcb t`akbfqu`s, tk` glb stlrts
 

tkfs r`hfcb 1,944 y`lrs lhc. Ls tyrlbts hc

acuhkfbh5 k` cp`bs kfs `y`s, r`gcvfbh
slbj ircg kfs ila` lbj spfttfbh l gcutk-
ium ci ft. K` mcces up lt ycu, i`lr arcssfbh
kfs `y`s n`icr`
n `icr` r`hlfbfb
r`hlfbfbhh acbtrcm lbj sft-
tfbh up. ”Xkc lr` ycu3‗, k` hrclbs5
”Xklt lr` ycu jcfbh k`r`3‗. Vcu fbtrc-
jua` ycurs`mv`s lbj `xpmlfb kfg tk` r`l-
scb wky ycu‖r` tk`r`. Xk`b ycu
g`btfcb
`y`s lbj k` tk`mcces
ncy, jcwb.
l skljcw arcss`s kfs
Qklefbh tk` r`glfbj`r ci tk`
slbj k` kls cb kfs klfr lbj amctk`s, tk`
glb stlbjs up. ”F‖g Lmr`j, ny tk` wly.
lbe ycu icr h`ttfbh g` cut ci tk` kcm`,
F cw` ycu cb` icr tklt. Ls icr tk` mlj...‗.
K` skle`s kfs k`lj. ”F‖g lirlfj k` jfjb‖t
gle` ft. Lbj F‖g bct sur` fi w`‖mm gle`
ft, `ftk`r.
`ft k`r. `r`
`r`‖‖s tkf
tkfs...
s... tkfbh 
tkfbh k`r`,
k`r`, ft efmm`j
tk` mlj lbj lmgcst hct g` tcc. F... F trf`j
tc k`mp, Pzrub ebcws F jfj. Nut tk`r` wls
k` wlsb‖t lbytkfbh sp`aflm, k` r`lak`j
pcw`r, mcst kfs gfbj, t`rrcrfz`j tk` r`-
hfcb icr l i`w kubjr`j y`lrs ubtfm scg`-
cb` `ms` efmm`j kfg lbj tcce kfs pmla`.
Vcu ebcw, typfalm tyrlbt stcry.‗ K` stcps
tc tle` lbctk`r sfp ci tk` 󿬎lse, tk`b acb-
acb -
tfbu`s. ”Nut cb` tkfbh k` klj ci fbt`r`st,
cb` tkfbh tklt s`plrlt`j kfg ircg ctk`rs
wls tklt kfs suaa`sscr, Lmgunlrlb tk` 96
V`mmcw, trlpp`j Elm-tklrls‖ pcw`r fb l
stcb`, l r`mfa tk` cmj tcg`s almm tk` K`lrt
ci Elm-tklrls. Icr scg` r`lscb us gcr-
tlms wfmm b`v`r ubj`rstlbj, k` pmla`j tklt
r`mfa fb tkfs tcgn, lbj s`lm`j ft. X`r` w`
tc r`trf`v` tkfs K`lrt, w`mm.. F jcb‖t b``j
tc t`mm ycu. `y sly tk` pcw`r fb tkfs
r`mfa fs `bcuhk tc aklmm`bh` l tyrlbt!‗.
Lmr`j sgfm`s lt ycu, lb kcb`st nfh sgfm`
tklt gle`s ycu wlbt tc sgfm` nlae. ”X`
acumj ir`` tkfs r`hfcb ircg tk` hrfp ci 
Ik‖lm tk` Nr``j`r, m`t tk` p`cpm`
akccs` tk`fr cwb j`stfby
j`stfby,, rum` tk`fr cwb
mlbj! Alb ycu fglhfb`3‗.
Bc, ycu alb‖t fglhfb`, ycu sly 
tc ycurs`mv`s. fs efbj ci tkfbh kls n``b
trf`j n`icr`. Ft lmwlys `bjs tk` slg` wly?
wly ?
p`cpm` jf`. Nut l pcw`rium r`mfa... X`mm,
ycu wfmm bct n` tk` cb`s slyfbh bc tc tklt

bctkfbh
ycu, ls fiF k`
acumj
w`r`klv` jcb`.‗ K`
g`lsurfbh ycurmcces lt
wcrtk efbj
ycu‖r`cifbt`r`st`j
tkfbh. Vcu fb bcj lbjkfg.
k`mpfbh t`mm kfg tklt
”Ilbtls-
wftk l sfbhm` mcce. ”Nut bcw tklt ycu‖r` tfa!‗, slys Lmr`j. ”Bcw w` cbmy b``j tc
k`r`... F klv` l aklba`. X` klv` l 󿬌bj ft5 ft skcumj n` k`r`, scg`wk`r`...
aklba`.‗ Acb
Acbius`j
ius`j,, ycu llse
se kfg wklt k`‖
k`‖ss Nut F‖g sur` tk` tkr`` ci us wfmm 󿬌bj ft.‗
tlmefbh lncut. ` ncy fs j`lj, tk`r`‖s Lmr`j wlmes tcwlrj tk` pfm` ci 
bctkfbh tc jc nut tc hc nlae kcg`. slbj, lbj l󰀄`r l i`w gfbut`s k` jfhs cut
Glyn` 󿬌bj tk` ncjy, nut tklt‖s ft. ”V`s, l nlaeplae. ”F‖g lirlfj F‖mm bct n` ci 
y`s, F hu`ss w` acumj 󿬌bj tk` ncjy... fi  guak us` fi w` b``j tc 󿬌hkt, gy swcrj
tk`r`‖s cb`. Nut bc, F wlsb‖t tlmefbh lncut fs stfmm nurf`j jcwb tk`r`, scg`wk`r`...
tklt.‗ k` lpprclak`s l b`lrny stcb` lmtlr F‖mm stly cut ci tk`
t k` wly
wly,, lbj alb k`lm scg`
lbj sfts cb ft, wkfm` tlefbh l sfp ci l sglmm ci ycur wcubjs fi b``j`j. M`t‖s hc!‗.

󿬎lse
lhlfbk` klj lbj
lt ycu, fb l stlrts
pcae`t.tlm K` tk`b
tlmefbh5
efbh5 mcces
”ycu s``, rccg. Vcu icmmcw kfg fbtc tk` b`xt
tkfs fs bc crjfblry tcgn5 tkfs fs tk` tcgn
ci Elm-lrls, l tyrlbt tklt rum`j cv`r -Lmr`j alb alst Alut`rfz` twfa` jurfbh

tk` ljv`btur`, fi lby ci tk` pmly`r aklr-
lat`rs w`r` tc b``j ft.
<6. Jcz`bs ci j`lj, wfbh`j n`fbhs mf`
saltt`r`j lncut tk` 󿬎ccr, `lak lncut tk`
sfz` ci l alt. `fr nrce`b ncjf`s
ncjf `s lr` nlt-
mfe` lbj nuhmfe` lt tk` slg` tfg`. `fr
icrgs lr` mfttm` gcr` tklb jrf`j kuses
bcw, lbj tk`r`‖s bc sfhb ci wklt efmm`j
8 tk`g. Vcu st`p lrcubj tk`g, tryfbh bct
tc st`p cb tk`g, oust fb als`.
Acbamusfcb
Cba` ycu `xft tk` tcgn, Lmr`j cffl`rs ycu
twc cptfcbs? ycu gly e``p tk` k`lrt lbj
try tc 󿬌hur` cut kcw tc us` ft, cr k` gly  wfmm stcfalmmy tklbe ycu icr nrfbhfbh k`r
e``p ft lbj tle` ft nlae tc tk` crhlbfzl-
tfcb k` wcres wftk, tk` Akfmjr`b ci r`-
n`mmfcb. @v`ryncjy kls k`lrj tkfs cr tklt
rugcr lncut tk` Akfmjr`b5 scg` p`cpm`
tkfbe tk`y lr` tk` cbmy aklba` tk` Jc-
gfbfcb kls ci ir``fbh fts`mi ircg
i rcg tk` hrfp
ci tk` Zyrlbts, ctk`rs tkfbe tk`y lr` oust
l nubak ci crhlbfz`j nlbjfts tlefbh lj-
 vlbtlh` ci hummfnm` p`lslbts, wkfm` scg`
`v`b sly tk`y lr` l tccm ci tk` tyrlbts tc
e``p tlns cb wklt tk` pcpumla` fs jcfbh,
lbj r`fbfbh fb lby i``mfbhs ci r`n`mmfcb.
Xklt`v`r tk`fr hclms, ycu b`v`r r`lmmy  k`lrt fgpmlbt`j jf`s, k` wfmm lutcgltf-
plfj lbytklt,
tkfbefbh ltt`btfcb tc tk`fr
fi tk`y jfj `xfst, latfvftf`s,
tk`y w`r`
l nubak ci fj`lmfsts tklt wcumj cbmy h`t
l mct ci p`cpm` efmm`j.
- Fi ycu hfv` tk` K`lrt tc Lmr`j, tk` Akfm-
jr`b ci ^`n`mmfcb wfmm cw` ycu cb`,
wkfak alb acg` fb klbjy fb tk` iutur`.
Vcu b`v`r ebcw wk`b l b`twcre ci cp-
`rltfv`s gly n` us`ium.
- Fi ycu e``p tk` K`lrt, ycu wfmm b``j tc
󿬌hur` cut kcw
`bacubt`r rufbstc us` ft.ycur
jurfbh @laktrlv`ms,
tfg` ycu
rcmm
l J<4. Fi ycu am`lr tk` rufbs (iummy `x-
pmcr` tk` mcaltfcb), cb l rcmm ci <-> ycu
󿬌bj l rftulm tklt `xpmlfbs kcw tc us` ft.
fs fs l jlbh`rcus cp`rltfcb tklt wfmm
r`qufr` ycu tc 󿬌bj l sefmm`j scra`r`r wfmm-
fbh tc p`ricrg tk` cp`rltfcb. ` prca`-
jur` fts`mi fgpmf`s sunstftutfbh tk` k`lrt
ci cb` ci tk` pmly`r aklrlat`rs icr tk`
K`lrt ci Elm-lrls. Q`` n`mcw tc m`lrb
tk` acbs`qu`ba`s ci jcfbh tkfs.
Ifbjfbh lbj kfrfbh l scra`r`r
wfmmfbh tc p`ricrg tk` rftulm wfmm acst ;44
sk`mms.
- Cba` ycu r`turb tc @skrlb wftk b`ws
ci tk` ncy‖s j`ltk, `lak pmly`r aklrlat`r
gly h`t rfj ci < AT
AT.. ` hrf`vfbh
hrf` vfbh gctk`r
tk` b`ws, lbj mfi` wfmm hc cb fb tkfs klrsk
acrb`r ci tk` Jcgfbfcb. Lmr`j wfmm stly 
l wkfm`, tc try tc gle`
gl e` r`plrltfcbs
r`plrltfcbs icr kfs
rcm` fb tk` ncy‖s j`ltk ny k`mpfbh lrcubj.
K` tklbes ycu cba` lhlfb icr slvfbh kfg
lbj prcgfs`s ycu wfmm g``t lhlfb fb tk`
iutur`.
` K`lrt ci Elm-tklrls
fs lbaf`bt r`mfa wfmm n`stcw tk` cwb`r
wftk tk` pcw`r ci ak`ltfbh j`ltk. B`xt
tfg` tk` pmly`r aklrlat`r tklt kls tk`
almmy acg`
wfmm mcs` nlaeacrruptfc
< Glx tc mfi`, iummy
acrruptfcb k`lm`j.
b fb tk` K`
prca`ss
tkcuhk, lbj tkfs `ffl`at gly cbmy klpp`b
cba`. B`xt tfg` tk` aklrlat`r jf`s, k`
wfmm jf` icr hccj. Lbctk`r aklrlat`r gly 
klrv`st tk` k`lrt tc trlbspmlbt ft cbtc
kfgs`mi cr l jfffl`r`bt aklrlat`r.
Alrryfbh tk` k`lrt lttrlats
pcw`rium ic`s, tkcuhk5 `lak tfg` ycu rcmm
tc j`t`rgfb` tk` m`v`m ci lb `bacubt`r, fi 
ycu rcmm l r`sumt tklt j`t`rgfb`s tk`
`b`gy wfmm klv` l mcw`r m`v`m tklb tk`
pmly`r
tk` slg`plrty
m`v`mm`v`m, tk`plrty.
ls tk` `b`gy Fb wfmm
scrt,klv`
ycu
albbct `bacubt`r `b`gf`s wftk l mcw`r
m`v`m tklb ycurs.
 

QEF
EFMM
MM MF
MFQZ
QZ
Lncgfbltfcb smly`r (< @T)
L aklrlat`r wftk tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst lncgfbltfcbs.
lncgfbltfcbs.

N`lst smly`rwftk
L aklrlat`r (< @T)
tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst n`lsts.

Nrlwby (< @T)

Fbar`ls` ycur Alrryfbh Alplafty ny <4.

Nrfjm` tk` jlreb`ss (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

Fbar`ls` ycur Glx Acrruptfcb ny <.

Acgnlt trlfbfbh (> @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc ycur g`m`` Lttlae rcmms.

J`i`bsfv` stlba`
Ljj ycur M`v`m tc(> @T)J`i`bs` rcmms.
ycur

Jfslrg trlps (< @T)

` aklrlat`r rcmms l J<4, lbj ljjs kfs m`v`m. Fi k` n`lts tk` trlp‖s m`v`m (cr rcmms l
<4), k` bctfa`s tk` trlp lbj jfslrgs ft, cr wlrbs tk` r`st ci tk` plrty oust fb tfg`.
Fi k` ilfms, (cr rcmms l <), tk` trlp hc`s cffl ls bcrglm.

Julm wf`mjfbh (> @T)

@xtrl lttlae wftk tk` cffl-klbj, bc ncbus`s lr` lmmcw`j. fs g`lbs k` gly cbmy 
rcmm l J<4 wftk tklt s`acbj lttlae, lbj tk` rcmm wfmm n` tk`
t k` 󿬌blm r`sumt.

I`fbt
^cmm > (< @T) jfa`, akccs` tk` kfhk`st.
J`i`bs`

Ifb`ss` (< @T)

^cmm > Lttlae jfa`, akccs` tk` kfhk`st.

If`mj g`jfa (< @T)

Nlbjlh`s k`lm > wcubjs, fbst`lj ci <.

Icrlhfbh (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

fs aklrlat`r acbsug`s klmi tk` lgcubt ci suppmf`s p`r jly, tklbes tc kfs lnfmfty 

tc 󿬌bj iccj lbj wlt`r scura`s.

 

Klhhm`r (< @T)

Vcu alb s`mm ycur cntlfb`j mcct icr iumm prfa`, fbst`lj ci tk` r`humlr klmi.

Kcmj nlae tk` jlreb`ss (< @T)

+< wk`b rcmmfbh lhlfbst l sp`mm's Acrruptfcb
A crruptfcb M`v`m.

Fbacrruptfnm` (: @T)
Ljj ycur m`v`m wk`b rcmmfbh lhlfbst l sp`mm's Acrruptfcb M`v`m.

M`lj`rskfp (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

Xk`b rcmmfbh icr fbftfltfv`, ycur hrcup
hrcup rcmms l J<4 fbst`lj ci J0.

Mcaepfaefbh (< @T)

Lmmcws tk` aklrlat`r tc ltt`gpt pfaefbh l mcae. Ljj tk` aklrlat`r's m`v`m tc tk`
rcmm wk`b ltt`gptfbh tc pfae l mcae.

Glresglb (< @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc ycur rlbh`j Lttlae rcmms.

Gfhkty (< @T)

Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Qtr`bhtk ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.

Bfhkt vfsfcb (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

` aklrlat`r jc`sb't b``j l scura`
s cura` ci mfhkt lbj r`a`fv`s bc p`blmtf`s wk`b 󿬌hkt-
fbh fb tk` jlre.

^`sfst glhfa (< @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc lby Glhfa ^`sfstlba` slv`
s lv` rcmm.

Qkf`mj wlmm (< @T)

+> tc J`i`bs` rcmms wk`b usfbh l skf`mj, fbst`lj ci +<.

Qkf`mj nlsk (Lrak`typ` `xamusfv`)

Cba` p`r `bacubt`r,
`bacubt`r, lbj cbmy wkfm`
w kfm` `qufpp`j wftk l skf`mj, ycu alb p`ricrg lb
`xtrl lttlae. ` lttlae vlmu` fs j`t`rgfb`j pur`my ny tk` jf` rcmm5 bc sefmm ncbus`s
lr` lppmf`j.

Qble` nmccj (< @T)

Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Tcfscb ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.
 

Qtrcbh wfmm (< @T)

Ljj ycur m`v`m tc lby Xfmm ^`sfstlba` slv` rcmm.

Pblrg`j acgnlt (< @T)

` aklrlat`r gly n`b`󿬌t ircg kfs Lttlae sefmm `v`b wk`b ublrg`j.

Pbj`lj smly`r (< @T)

L aklrlat`r wftk tkfs sefmm kls l +< Lttlae wk`b 󿬌hktfbh lhlfbst ubj`lj `b`gf`s.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j amun (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh lby cb`-klbj`j amun cr gla`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j amun (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh lby twc-klbj`j amun cr gla`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j swcrj (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l twc-klbj`j swcrj.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ twc-klbj`j lx` (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l twc-klbj`j lx`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ stlffl (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l stlffl.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ sp`lr (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l sp`lr.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j swcrj (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l cb`-klbj`j swcrj.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ cb`-klbj`j lx` (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l cb`-klbj`j lx`.

X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ jlhh`r (< @T)

+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l jlhh`r.
X`lpcb sp`aflmfzltfcb ‑ ncw (< @T)
+< Lttlae wk`b wf`mjfbh l ncw.

X`mm accrjfblt`j (< @T)

Ljj ycur M`v`m tc lby J`xt`rfty ^`sfstlba` slv`
s lv` rcmm.
 

K@[  @[TMC^LZFCB ZLNM@ (>j<4)

> ‑ ^uhh`j t`rrlfb. ` plrty sp`bjs twfa` tk` bcrglm lgcubt ci tfg` cb
tkfs k`x (> jlys ny icct, < jly gcubt`j).
1-: ‑ Q`ttm`g`b
Q `ttm`g`bt.
t. ` plrty gly r`st k`r`, r`acv`rfbh ircg tk`fr wcubjs,
nuyfbh lbj s`mmfbh `qufpg`bt, lbj glyn` pfaefbh up b`w tlses tc acg-

pm`t`. ^cmm J<4

aklrlat`rs cb tk`
l r`lscb Zlses lbj
tc `xpmcr` tk` Gfssfcbs Zlnm`sfgpmy
wcrmj n`ycbj fi ycu 󿬌bjfbh
wlbt tcrfak`s
hfv` ycur
lbj
pcw`r.
0 ‑ Cmj acrrupt`j
acrr upt`j t`g
t`gpm`.
pm`. ` aklrlat`rs 󿬌bj tk` rufbs ci lb cmj pmla` ci 
wcrskfp crfhfblmmy fbt`bj`j tc scg` icrhctt`b
icrhctt`b hcj. Ft kls bcw n`acg` tk`
kcg` ci l n`lst. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` `b`gy tlnm`. Fi tk`y glblh` tc j`i`lt tk`
ar`ltur`,
ar`ltur `, tk` aklrlat`rs klv` am`lbs`j tk` pmla`, lmmcwfbh
lmm cwfbh tk`g tc r`gcv`
r`gcv`
cb` AT.
9 ‑ Bfhkt lsslumt! Xkfm` ycur plrty fs sm``pfbh, l hrcup ci `b`gf`s lttlae 
tk`fr algp, lttrlat`j
lttrlat`j ny tk` sg`mm ci iccj. ^cmm cb tk` If`bjs lbj Ic`s tlnm`,
`b`gf`s lttlae 󿬌rst.
8 ‑ Y`rgfb. L hrcup ci sglmm, kubhry ar`ltur`s
ar`ltur`s lttlaes tk` plrty. ^cmm cb

tk`
; ‑ Y`rgfb
Gfbfcb.tlnm`.
` plrty acg`s larcss l hrcup ci wlbj`rfbh `b`gf`s. ^cmm
cb tk` If`bjs lbj Ic`s tlnm`.
6 ‑ Xfmj lppm` hrcv`. L m`󰀄cv`r ircg l h`btm`r plst, tkfs lppm` hrcv` kls
scg`kcw survfv`j j`spft` tk` klrsk acbjftfcbs. @lak aklrlat`r r`a`fv`s
J<4 ir`` rltfcbs, lbj kls tk` aklba` tc s`mm cr nuy `qufpg`bt ircg tk` mcalm
irf`bjmy bcgljs.
<4 - Xftak ci tk` kfmms. Vcu icmmcw tk` sgce` acgfbh ircg l sglmm algp,
wk`r` ycu 󿬌bj l jlre 󿬌hur` jr`ss`j fb rlhs n`bt cv`r l stcb` alumjrcb. Ft
fs l wcglb ci ubj`t`rgfb`j lh` tklt n`aecbs ycu tc icmmcw k`r fbsfj` tk`
t`bt n`kfbj k`r.
k`r. K`sftlbtmy, ycu 󿬌blmmy hc fb
fbsfj`
sfj` l󰀄`r k`r, wk`r` sk` lwlfts
wftk l s`m`atfcb ci acbacatfcbs lbj pctfcbs. K`lmfbh slmv` ‑ 04 sk`mms. Cba`

p`r jly/ljv`btur`
scb ycu
slmv` ‑ 04 sk`mms gly lppmy
. Lppmy tkfs tctkfs slmv` fggub`
n`acg` tc k`lm J<4 K`lmt k Tcfbts.
K`lmtk
tc pcfscbs Tcf-
icr l wkcm`
ljv`btur`. Lhfmfty slmv` ‑ <44 sk`mms. Vcu
Vcu gly us` ttkfs
kfs tc ljj
lj j +< tc l aklr-
lat`r‖s J`i`bs` jurfbh lb ljv`btur`. Qk` lmsc cffl`rs tk` pcssfnfmfty ci r`s-
urr`atfbh l ilmm`b acgrlj`, fi tk` ncjy fs nrcuhk
nrcuhktt tc k`r lbj bc gcr` tklb
l w``e kls plss`j sfba` j`ltk. ^`surr`atfcb rftulm ‑ <,444 sk`mms? rcmm J<4.
Fi ycu rcmm m`ss tklb tk` aklrlat`r‖s m`v`m, tk` aklrlat`r acg`s nlae tc mfi`.
K` suffl`rs l p`rglb`bt -< tc kfs Glx Acrruptfcb, ju` tc tk` mfbh`rfbh
skljcw fb󿬎u`ba`.
<< ‑ ^lvfb`. L blrrcw,
blrrcw, st``p-sfj
st``p-sfj`j
`j vlmm`y aauts
uts tk` plrty‖s ljvlba`. FgFgplss-
plss-
lnm` t`rrlfb.
<> ‑ @mft`
@ mft` `b`gy
`b`gy.. ` plrty fs ubicrtublt`
ubicrtublt` `bcuhk tc 󿬌bj l rclgfbh gcb-

strcsfty. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` @b`gy tlnm`.

 

<1-<: ‑ Alv`. L klmi-vfsfnm` trlfm m`ljs

m`lj s tk` plrty tc wklt lpp`lrs tc n` scg`
scrt ci alv` cr ubj`rhrcubj nufmjfbh. Fi tk` plrty j`afj`s tc `xpmcr` ft, us`
tk` Fbjccr Mcaltfcb h`b`rltfcb rum`s j`sarfn`j n`mcw.
<0-<9 ‑ ^ufbs. ` plrty acg`s larcss l v`stfh` ci tk` plst, klmi nurf`j ny 
tk` slbjs. Fi tk`y j`afj` tc `xpmcr` ft, us` tk` Fbjccr Mca
Mcaltfcb
ltfcb h`b`rl
h`b`rltfcb
tfcb
rum`s j`sarfn`j
j`sar fn`j n`mcw.
<8 ‑ Alrlvlb. L hrcup ci irf`bjmy bcgljs cffl`r tc trlj` scg` hccjs. `
plrty gly trlj` ls fi tk`y w`r` lt l s`ttm`g`bt, nut cba` tk`y m`lv` tkfs k`x
tk` alrlvlb wcumj klv` gcv`j
gcv`j lmcbh fi tk`y r`turb. ^`-rcmm tkfs k`x fi tk`
plrty acg`s nlae tc ft.
<; ‑ Lnlbjcb`j stcae. Klmi nurf`j cb tk` sfj` ci l icrhctt`b rclj, tk`
plrty 󿬌bjs tk` r`gblbts ci l alrlvlb. `y 󿬌bj >j<4 sk`mms wcrtk ci trlj`
hccjs.
<6->4 ‑ Zyrlbt icrtr`ss. ` gcst tkr`lt`bfbh sfhkt fb tk` t k` Irlatur`j Jc-
gfbfcb, gcst p`cpm` try tc lvcfj tk`g. Qcg` Icrtr`ss`s lr` rum`j ny scg`-
wklt n`bfhb tyrlbts
tyrlbts (tk` i`w tklt pcss`s l strcbh `bcuhk
`bcuhk wfmm tc r`sfst tk`
pumm ci tk` icra`s ci aklcs), wkfak kls llmmcw`j
mmcw`j s`ttm`g`bts tc hrcw lrcubj
tk`g, ar`ltfbh l s`gnmlba` ci afvfmfzltfcb. Ci acurs`, tkfs fsb‖t
fsb‖t lmm tklt jfffl`r-
`bt ircg mfvfbh b`xt tc lb latfv` vcmalbc, sfba` trlh`jy alb strfe`
st rfe` wk`b ycu
m`lst susp`at ft. Ps` tk` Fbjccr Mcaltfcb rum`s tc `xpmcr` ft, fi ycu jlr`.

QT@MM ZLNM@ (J<4)

> ‑ <Nr`ltk
‑ NfbjciJ`ltk
A‖ltkrkf
1 ‑ Alut`rfz`
: ‑ Am`lbs` pcfscb
0 ‑ Ifbj trlps
9 ‑ Fbvfsfnfmfty 
Fbvfsfnfmfty 
8 ‑ Crn ci mfhkt
; ‑ Tlfb trlbsi`r
6 ‑ ^`h`b`rl
^`h`b`rltfcb
tfcb
<4 ‑ Qkljcw 󿬎lg`s
 

@\PF
\PFTG@BZ
TG@BZ MFQZ
MFQZ
Lbtfjct` ‑ >4 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
Nlbjlh` - 0 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
A`stus ‑ 0 sk`mms ‑ > PX
K`lmfbh tfbatur` - <04 sk`mms ‑ < PX
K`lvy lrgcr - 14 sk`mms ‑ <0 PX
Kcrs` ‑ >04 sk`mms
Mlbt`rb - 1 sk`mms ‑ < PX
Mfhkt lrgcr
lrgcr - <4 sk`mms
sk`mms ‑ <4 PX
Mcae pfaes ‑ <4 sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
Mcbh ncw ‑ 14 sk`mms ‑ ; PX
Gum` ‑ <04 sk`mms
Cb`-klbj`j w`lpcb (jlhh`r,
(jlhh`r, swcrj, lx`, gla`) - 9 sk`mms ‑ ; PX
^ltfcbs - < sk`mms ‑ 4.0 PX
^cp` - : sk`mms ‑ < PX
Qkf`mj - 0 sk`mms ‑ 9 PX
Qkcrt ncw - <0 sk`mms ‑ 9 PX
Qp`lr ‑ <> sk`mms ‑ ; PX
Zwc-klbj`j w`lpcb (stlffl, amun, klgg`r, swcrj, lx`) - <0 sk`mms ‑ <> PX

ZLQ
LQEQ LBJ GFQQFCBQ ZLNM@ (J<4)
EQ LBJ
< ‑ ` tyrlbt gust ilmm! ` s`ttm`g`bts surrcubjfbh cb` ci tk` tcw`rfbh
icrtr`ss`s kls klj `bcuhk, lbj tk`y alb't lmmcw tk`fr akfmjr`b tc n` tle`b
lbj tk`fr arcps tc n`
n ` aurs`j lby mcbh`r
mcbh`r.. `y tlse ycur plrty wftk nrfbhfbh
tk`g tk` k`lj ci tk` tyrlbt. ^`wlrj? < sarcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm,
<,444 sk`mms.

> ‑ Zle`b!
tle`b L aryfbh
ny l hrcup gctk`r lses
ci gfbfcbs. @ lakycu
@lak tfg`tcycu
r`acv`r k`r gfssfbh
`bacubt`r scb,
l hrcup wkc wls
ci gfbfcbs,
rcmm l J<4. Cb l <4, ycu icubj tk` gfssfbh akfmj. Ljj +< tc ycur b`xt ak`ae 
icr `lak acgpm`t`j `bacubt`r wftk gfbfcbs tklt r`sumt`j fb bct 󿬌bjfbh
󿬌bjf bh tk`
akfmj. ^`wlrj? ` aklrlat`rs gly r`gcv` cb` AT.
1 ‑ Lrtfilat kubtfbh. Xkfm` sfttfbh cb l algp, sklrfbh scg` wlt`r wftk
scg` bcgljs, ycu cv`rk`lr l acbv`rsltfcb. Qcg`wk`r` fb tk`s` lr`l tk`r`
lr` tk` rufbs ci twc twfb s`ttm`g`bts. @lak cb` ci tk`g klj tk` klmi ci l
 v`ry pcw`rium
pcw`rium lrtfilat5 put tch`tk`r,
tch`tk`r, tk`y wfmm hrlbt `bcrgcus pcw`r tc tk`
wf`mj`r. ` b`xt twc rufbs ycu `xpmcr` `lak klv` l klmi ci tk` lrtfilat fb
tk` mlst rccg5 tk`y lmsc klv` lb @mft` `b`gy hulrjfbh ft. ^`wlrj? ^cmm cb
tk` Lrtfilats tlnm`.
 

: ‑ Ifbjfbh k`mp. L rfak g`raklbt kls kfr`j ycu tc tle` kfs sfae wfi` tc
tk` b`lr`st s`ttm`g`bt, wk`r` tk`y klv` tk` n`st k`lm`rs fb tk` r`hfcb. `
cbmy prcnm`g fs tklt sk` fs v`ry
v`r y sfae, lbj ft gust n` jcb` qufqufaemy.
aemy. ` plrty 
kls 8 jlys tc 󿬌bj l s`ttm`g`bt (cb` tklt wlsb't pr`vfcusmy jfsacv`r`j),
jfsacv`r`j), cr
tk` g`raklbt's
g`raklbt's wfi` wfmm jf`. ^`wlrj? Fi tk`y suaa``j, tk`y wfmm r`a`fv` 044
sk`mms.
0 ‑ Mcst. ` plrty fs lse`j tc 󿬌bj l hrcup ci gfhrlbts tklt w`r` `xp`at`j
tc lrrfv` jlys lhc. ` aklrlat`rs gust `xpmcr` tk` r`hfcb, rcmmfbh l J<4 fb
`lak k`x tk`y `xpmcr`. Cb l rcmm ci <->, tk`y 󿬌bj l amu`. Cba` tk`y 󿬌bj 0
amu`s, tk`y wfmm r`lak tk` `btrlba` ci l alv`, wk`r` tk` gfhrlbts klv` n``b
tle`b. ` gfhrlbts wfmm n` icubj fb tk` mlst rccg, hulrj`j ny lb @mft`
`b`gy. ^`wlrj? > rcmms cb tk` Mcct tlnm`.
9 ‑ Mcct`rs lbj pfmmlh`rs. ` tcwb's m`lj`rskfp lses tk` t k` pmly`r aklrlat`rs
tc h`t rfj ci s`v`rlm rclgfbh nlbjs ci ar`ltur`s tklt lr` klrlssfbh tk`g.
` plrty gust 󿬌bj lbj smly <4 hrcups ci gfbfcbs fb tk` cutjccrs (gfbfcbs
icubj fb alv`s cr nufmjfbhs jcb't
j cb't acubt). ^`wlrj? >44 sk`mms tc `lak aklr-
lat`r pmly`r, lbj tk` plrty gly s`mm tk`fr mcct lt tk` r`tlfm prfa` fb tkfs tcwb,
fbst`lj ci klmi.
8 ‑ Ifbj tk` wftak! L trfnlm m`lj`r kls r`a`btmy mcst kfs cbmy scb lbj k`fr
tc tk` arfgscb pmlhu`. K` n`hs tk` plrty tc tle` tk` ncjy wftk tk`g lbj
󿬌bj l kfmm wftak tc nrfbh kfg nlae tc mfi`. K` jc`sb't klv` lby gcb`y, nut
k` cffl`rs tk` plrty lb lbaf`bt r`mfa ls plyg`bt. ` aklrlat`rs wfmm klv` tc
ply icr tk` rftulm tk`gs`mv`s, tkcuhk. ^`wlrj? ^cmm cb tk` Lrtfilat tlnm`.
; ‑ ` glpgle`r. ` aklrlat`rs lr` kfr`j ny l glpgle`r, wkc b``js
k`mp glppfbh tk` lr`l. ` aklrlat`rs gust `xpmcr` `v`ry k`x fb tk` r`-
hfcb's glp, lbj r`turb tc tk` glpgle`r wftk wklt tk`y klv` m`lrb`j. fs
qu`st gly cbmy lpp`lr cba` p`r r`hfcb, r`-rcmm
r`-rcmm fb tkfs tlnm` fi ycu klv` lm-
r`ljy acgpm`t`j ft. ^`wlrj? <,444 sk`mms. ` glpp`r us`j tc wcre icr l
tyrlbt lbj ebcws kfs w`leb`ss5 b`xt tfg` tk` plrty p lrty 󿬌hkts lhlfbst l tyrlbt
fb tk` r`hfcb, tk`y 󿬌hkt wftk l +> tc Lttlae.
6 ‑ ` tkfbh fb tk` rufbs. ` tcwb's acubafm kls kfr`j tk` aklrlat`rs tc
`mfgfblt` lb lncgfbltfcb tklt kls n``b t`rrcrfzfbh tk` lr`l icr tk` plst
gcbtks. `y gust 󿬌bj tk` b`lr`st rufbs, am`lr tk`g, lbj fb tk` mmlst lst rccg
tk`y wfmm 󿬌bj l Qplwb ci Ykcm'`st (ak`ae tk` @ @mft`
mft` @b`gy @bacubt`rs).
@bacubt`rs). ^`-
wlrj? ` tcwb fs tcc pccr tc cffl`r lbytkfbh ci vlmu`, nut tk` aklrlat`rs
r`a`fv` twfa` tk` bcrglm lgcubt ci `xp`rf`ba` pcfbts ircg acgpm`tfbh l
tlse.
<4 ‑ Lsslumt! ` plrty fs kfr`j tc j`i`bj tk` s`ttm`g`bt
s `ttm`g`bt ircg lb fbacgfbh
rlfj. `y gust rcmm 0 tfg`s fb tk` Gfbfcbs tlnm`, r`scmvfbh cb` `bacubt`r
l󰀄`r lbctk`r wftkcut
wftkcut l r`st, lbj fi tk`y
t k`y survfv`, rcmm cba` fb tk` @mft`
@ mft` `b`-
gf`s tlnm` tc ila` tk` rlfj's m`lj`r. ^`wlrj? ls glby suppmf`s ls tk`y alb
alrry, <44 sk`mms.
 

FBZ@^
BZ@^FC^
FC^ @[TMC^L
@[TMC^LZFC
ZFCB
B Q@\P@BA
Q@\P@BA@
@

FBZ@^FC^ @[TMC^L ZFCB ZLNM@ (J<4)

[TMC^LZFCB
<-8 ^ccg
;-<4 Acrrfjcr
 

AC^^F JC^ ZLNM@ (J<4)

C^^FJC^
< L plrlmm`m acrrfjcr tklt hc`s J0+< mcbh tc tk` m`󰀄, lbj J0+< mcbh
m cbh tc
tk` rfhkt
> Qtrlfhkt lk`lj, J0+< mcbh
1 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<

: Acrrfjcr
0 Qtrlfhkt lk`lj tc tk`v``rs
J0+<, tk`b m`󰀄 icr J0+<
tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<
9 Qtrlfhkt lk`lj J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<
8 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` rfhkt lhlfb icr J0+<
; Acrrfjcr tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk` m`󰀄 lhlfb icr J0+<
6 Acrrfjcr tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<, tk`b v``rs tc tk`t k` m`󰀄 icr J0+<
<4 Acrrfjcr tc tk` m`󰀄 icr J0+<, tk`b
t k`b v``rs tc tk` rfhkt icr J0+<

^CCG MLVCPZ
VCPZ ZLNM@ (J<4)
<-0 Qqulr` (J0+< kfhk, J0+< wfj`)
9 Afram` (J0+< larcss)
8 K`xlhcb (J0+< larcss)
; Cvlm (J0+< kfhk, J0+< wfj`)
6 Zrflbhm` (J0+< p`r sfj`)
<4 Zrlp`zcfj (J0+< kfhk, J0+< nls` wfj`, J0+< nls` tcp)

^CCG ACBZ@BZ ZLNM@ (J<4)

CBZ@BZ

<> Zrlp?
Mcct? rcmm
rcmm cb
cbtk`
tk`Zrlps tlnm`
Mcct tlnm`
1 Mcct prct`at`j ny l trlp? rcmm cb tk` Zrlps tlnm`, lbj cba` r`scmv`j, rcmm
cb tk` Mcct tlnm`
:-0 ^cmm cb tk` Qp`aflm I`ltur`s tlnm`
9 ` rccg fs `gpty 
8 Qtlsk ci s`gf-pr`afcus stcb`s? ycu hlfb >j<4 sk`mms
; Vcu lr` lttlae`j ny v`rgfb. ^cmm cb tk` Y`rgfb tlnm`
6 Vcur ljvlba` fs fbt`rrupt`j ny scg` `b`gf`s. ^cmm cb tk` If`bjs lbj
Ic`s tlnm`
<4 Vcu wlme`j fbtc l n`lst‖s mlfr. ^cmm cb tk` @mft` `b`gy tlnm`
 

QT@AFLM I@L ZP^@Q ZLNM@ (J<4)

@LZP^@Q
< - L arlae fb tk` a`fmfbh lncv` tk` gfjj
gfjjm`m` ci tk` bcrtk wlmm l
lmmcws
mmcws l ttrfaem`
rfaem` ci wl
wlt`r
t`r tc
 󿬎cw jcwb tc tk` 󿬎ccr
󿬎ccr.. ` wlt`r pccms b`lr tk` nls` ci tk` wlmm, lbj l rfvum`t rrubs ubs
lmcbh tk` wlmm lbj cut fbtc tk` klmm. ` wlt`r sg`mms ir`sk. ` plrty cntlfbs J0 rl-
tfcbs.
> ‑ ` aklrlat`r plrty stugnm`s upcb wklt lpp`lrs tc n` scg` efbj ci w`lpcbs stlsk.
`y alb tle` lby w`lpcb lvlfmlnm`
lvlfmlnm` fb tk`
t k` `qufpg`bt
`qufpg`bt mfst.
1 ‑ fs rccg fs 󿬌mm`j wftk ncttm`s, pfp`tt`s lbj ctk`r tccms tklt lb lmak`gfst wcumj 
b``j. @v`rytkfbh k`r` fs acv`r`j fb l tkfae mly`r ci just, nut fb l acrb`r, ubj`r scg`
rlhh`j pf`a` ci amctk, tk` aklrlat`rs 󿬌bj J0 ncttm`s wftk l hr``b, vfsacus mfqufj. Fi l
aklrlat`r jlr`s tc t`st fts `ffl`ats, rcmm l J<45 <-0? tk` acbacatfcb fs sc cmj ft fs bcw 
pcfscbcus5 us` ycur Tcfscb ^`sfstlba` lhlfbst l m`v`m 9 pcfscb,
p cfscb, cr mcs` J0 KTKT.. 9-<4?
tk` ncttm`s acbtlfb scg` efbj ci k`lmfbh pctfcb. K`lm J0 KT KT,, uslnm` fb acgnlt.
: ‑  Ls sccb
s ccb ls ycu st`p fbtc tkfs rccg, l i``mfb
i``mfbhh ci almgb`ss
almgb`ss fbvlj`s ycu. fs pmla`
s``gs tc n` acgpm`t`my r`gcv`j ircg tk` Trfgcrjflm Cb`‖s fb󿬎u`ba`. @lak aklrlat`r
alb h`t rfj ci < AT.
0 -  L s`bsltfcb ci jr`lj fbvlj`
fbvlj`ss ycu tk` gcg`bt ycu st`p fbtc tkfs rccg. Imlsk`s ci 
kcrrf󿬌a vfsfcbs
v fsfcbs 󿬌mm ycur gfbj, nrfbhfbh ycu tc ycur eb``s. `y ebcw ycu lr lr`` k`r`. ^cmm
lhlfbst Glhfa m`v`m 9 usfbh ycur Glhfa ^`sfstlba`. Fi ycu ilfm, hlfb < AT.
9 ‑ L s`rf`s ci sglmm stltu`s
stltu`s mmfb`
fb` l wlmm. N`kfbj tk`g tk`r` fs l g
gurlm,
urlm, t`mmfb
t`mmfbhh wklt lp-
 p`lrs tc n` tk` stcry
stcry ci l p`cpm`
p`cpm`‖‖s `xcjus. V
Vcu
cu jfsacv`r sglmm m`v`rs nn`kfbj
`kfbj `lak stltu`,
stltu`,
wkfak lpplr`btmy gle`s tk`g rctlt`. Fi ycu try tc scmv` tkfs puzzm`, rcmm lhlfbst fts
jffiaumty ci 8, usfbh ycur Xfmm ^`sfstlba`. Fi ycu suaa``j, rcmm cb tk` Mcct tlnm`. Vcu
gly cbmy try cba` p`r aklrlat`r.
aklrlat`r.
8 ‑ fs rccg lpp`lrs tc n` cr klv` n``b l mfnrlry ci scrts. Tfm`s ci klmi-rctt`b tcg`s
lr` hltk`rfbh just fb `v`ry acrb`r, wftk sk`mv`s upcb sk`mv`s ci ctk`rs acmmlpsfbh cb tk`
wlmms. ` plrty gly sp`bj l wkcm` jly k`r` tc sf󰀄 tkrcuhk tk` ncces tc s`` fi tk`r`
fs lbytkfbh ci fbt`r`st. ^cmm lhlfbst Glhfa m`v`m 8, fi ycu plss ft, tk`b rcmm l J<4. Cb
l <, ycu 󿬌bj l sarcmm
s arcmm acbtlfbfbh l rlbjcg sp`mm.
; -  L kcrr`bjcus, cv`rwk`mg
cv`rwk`mgfbh fbh st`bak wl󰀄s ircg tk` rccg n`icr` ycu. Qglmm alh`s
acbtlfbfbh sglmm lbfglms lbj mlrh` fbs`ats mfb` tk` wlmms. Qcg` ci tk` ar`ltur`s mcce
sfaemy lbj lmfv` nut gcst lr` am`lrmy j`lj. `fr rcttfbh acrps`s lbj tk` ubam`lb alh`s
bc jcunt r`sumt fb tk` pmla`‖s icum cjcr. L alt g`ws w`lemy ircg fts alh`, nut tk` ctk`r 
ar`ltur`s oust sfm`btmy skrfbe nlae fbtc tk`fr 󿬌mtky prfscbs. ` pmly`rs gly akccs` tc
r`m`ls` tk` lbfglms5 fi tk`y jc, tk`y alb r`gcv` < AT, nut tk`y wfmm klv` tc 󿬌hkt
lhlfbst s`v`rlm ci tk`g, wkfak lr` tcc salr`j cr ilr hcb`, ^cmm ttwfa`wfa` cb tk` Y Y`rgfb
`rgfb
tlnm` lbj 󿬌hkt lhlfbst nctk hrcups lt tk` slg` tfg`.
6 ‑ L icum
icum st
st`bak
`bak s``gs tc
tc n` s``pfb
s``pfbhh irc
ircg
g tk` 󿬎ccr arlaes5 tk` sg`mm fs bfhk
bfhk u
ubn`l
bn`lrlnm
rlnm`.
`.
` iug`s s``g tc crfhfblt` ircg tk` j`ptks, alrryfbh l sg`mm sfgfmlr tc rctt`b `hhs.
N`tt`r tc gcv` lmcbh. Icr `lak turb tk` aklrlat`rs stly k`r`, tk`y gust rcmm lhlfbst
pcfscb 0, cr mcs` < KT.
<4 ‑ `r` fs l b`ilrfcus fb󿬎u`ba` fb tkfs rccg. L skljcw sujj`bmy fbvlj`s tk` aklr-
lat`r‖s gfbjs, lbj kcmjs ilst tc tk`fr tkcuhkts. Aklrlat`rs 󿬌hkt tk` r`st ci tk` ljv`btur`
wftk l -< tc J`i`bs`, ubm`ss tk`y hfv` fbtc tk` jlreb`ss lbj hlfb < AT fb tk` prca`ss.
 

@[FZQ ZLNM@ (>j<4)

>-<4 Bcb`
<<-<: Cb`
<0-<8 Zwc
<;-<6 r``
>4 Icur

Z^LT
^LTQ LNM@ (J<4)
Q ZLNM@
< ‑ Tcfscb jlrts. Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm lhlfbst Tcfscb cr mcs` J0 KT. Lb
lffl`at`j aklrlat`r wfmm b``j tc rcmm lhlfbst Tcfscb `v`ry turb cr mcs` lb `xtrl
KT p`r turb, ubtfm tk` pcfscb fs r`gcv`j ircg kfs syst`g.
> ‑ Zrlpjccr. Aklrlat`rs gust rcmm lhlfbst J`xt`rfty cr mcs` 1 KT. Fi tk`
wkcm` plrty i`mm fbsfj`, tk`y b``j l rcp` fb crj`r tc `salp` tk` pft, cr tk`y 
wfmm jf` ci stlrvltfcb
stlr vltfcb fbsfj` ci ft.
1 ‑ Qlbj trlp. L wlmm amcs`s jcwb n`kfbj tk` aklrlat`rs ls sccb ls tk`y 
`bt`r tkfs rccg, wftk slbj ilmmfbh fb ircg tk` a`fmfbh. `y klv` <4 ltt`gpts
ltt`gpts
lt j`latfvltfbh tkfs trlp, cr tk`y lmm jf`.

: ‑ Acmmlpsfbh
Aklrlat`rs gusta`fmfbh. ` a`fmfbh
rcmm lhlfbst lncv`
J`xt`rfty crtk`
mcs`plrty acmmlps`s cb tcp ci tk`g.
J0 KT.
0 ‑ Bcxfcus hls. L wlmm amcs`s n`kfbj tk` t k` plrty,
plrty, lbj fgg`jflt`my tcxfa hls
fs r`m`ls`j fb tk` rccg. Aklrlat`rs fgg`jflt`my mcs` < KT, lbj tk`y mcs`
lbctk`r KT p`r ilfm`j ltt`gpt lt jfslnmfbh tk` trlp.
9 ‑ Qp`lrs. Qklrp sp`lrs smfj` ircg tk` wlmms, stlnnfbh tk` aklrlat`rs fi tk`y 
ilfm l J`xt`rfty t`st. Fi tk`y jc ilfm, tk`y r`a`fv` J0 lttlaes tklt j`lm > jlg-
lh` `lak. ^`jua` tk` tctlm jlglh` r`a`fv`j
r`a`fv`j ny tk` J`i`bs` sefmm ci l aklr-
lat`r.
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