S@ljltk a tètuna `a `aou-

hkitaX
Oaha nlfkrer sues khaêûks eprlslaie`es pere

uhe efui`ei`k seô`k, ehar k gknlol`e`k

@r. Fre`nky Iknsai
 A Oß@LJA @E
KHAÊÏA
Oaha nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pere
Gknlol`e`k, ehar k seô`k efui`eitk

A Oß@LJA @E
KHAÊÏA
Oaha nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pere
Gknlol`e`k, ehar k seô`k efui`eitk
@r. Iknsai Fre`nky
Fkh-kster `kshesoere`a Rufnlsmlij
Hksqultk, Ikve`e
Rrlhklre k`lêïa, duima `k 622:
Oapyrljmt © 622: @r. Fre`nky F. Iknsai
Pa`as as `lrkltas sïa rkskrve`as pkne oapyrljmt Reiehkrloeies k oaivkiêûks
litkrieolaiels. Ikimuhe pertk `kstknlvra
`kstknlvra pa`k skr utlnlze`a au rkpra`uzl`a kh
quenqukr garhe skh pkrhlssïaksorlte pkna k`ltar, kxokpta ia oesa `k frkvks olteêûks
lioarpare`es khorètloes au oahkitårlas. Rere ligarheêûks oaiteotk4
Fkh-kster `kshesoere`a Rufnlsmlij
0;2 Mlnnsl`k @rlvk
Hksqultk, IW =<26:
Rufnloe`a ias Kste`as [il`as pkna fkh-kster `kshesoere`a `k pufnloeêïa,
uhe `lvlsïa `e
Fkh-kster `kshesoere`a lioarpare`a, Hksqultk, Ikve`e.
"A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa", "E perk`k `a oareêïa" k "a oÿ`lja `e"
Oarpa "sïa heroes rkjlstre`es `e Zknnikss [ihesck`, Lio.
Iôhkra `k oaitrank `e flfnlatkoe `a Oaijrkssa 622:<6=7=0
Iknsai, F. (Fre`nky), 5<;:
A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa4 oaha nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`e pere
_eô`k efui`eitk, ehar k gknlol`e`k / @r. Fre`nky Iknsai.
p.oh.
Lionul rkgkräioles flfnlajrågloes k èi`lok
L_FI <:=-2 - <:<;;?: - 0-; (pfc)

6
@K@LOEPAVLE
 hkhÿrle `a _r. Fruok
Fruok E. Iknsai k Vutm Ik
Iknsai,
nsai, hkus pels herevlnmasas, quk
skhprk hk ehereh k eork`ltereh

@r. L`e Jnyii Merhaikh

 hkhÿrle `as @r. hlh.
k EnnkiFelik, (@ao k L`e ) quk ourereh a hku
oarpa quei`a ku kre uhe orleiêe hulta `akitk k hk eprkskitau ea hui`a `e oure
ieturen.
@r. _teinky Gnejj, hku pragkssar k hkitar.
Glienhkitk, pere hlime kspase Dkei, oudes l`kles, lisljmts,epala,
l isljmts,epala, oaitrlfulêûks k
saimas tariau passèvkn kstk trefenma.

IAPE EA_ NKLPAVK_

A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa ì uh hìta`a `k euta-edu`e quk hultes vkzks pra`uz rksunte`as
herevlnmasas k geitåstloafkikgèolas,
geitåstloafkikgèolas, teita ie ieturkze gèsloe oaha khaolaien. Ia
kiteita, ì uhe `ksoafkrte rknetlvehkitk iave k iïa
tkh sl`a kstu`e`a hliuiolasehekitk.
Kstk nlvra ì feske`a kh afskrveêûks pkssaels kkxpkrläioles `a @r. Fre`nky Iknsai.
Waoä, nkltar, `kvkessuhlr e rkspaiseflnl`e`k `k 522% `e sue prÿprle seô`k,teita
gèsloe oaha hkiten. A oÿ`lja
oÿ`lja `e khaêïa iïa `kvk skr hen litkrprkte`a au use`a
pere `lejiastloer eprkskiêe au eusäiole
eusäiole `k quenqukr oai`lêïa hì`loe, hkiten,
hkiten, gèsloe
au
khaolaien kh pertlouner. Ikh a tkstk husouner au a tkstk `kKqulnèfrla `kvk skr
use`a pere `lejiastloer e prkskiêe aueusäiole `k `akiêe.
Kstk nlvra iïa tkite skr a sufstltuta pere as skrvlêas `k
quenqukr praglsslaien `k seô`k. Ikh a eutarikh e k`ltare sïa rkspaisåvkls par
quelsqukr oaiskquäioles

aoarrl`es par equknks quk khprkjeh

kislie`as as rkhì`las
equl. autretehkitas eienlse`as au
Uuenqukr
epnloeêïa `a hetkrlen kxlfl`a ies påjlies skjulitks,ì `k orltìrla `a nkltar k `k sue
kxonuslve rkspaiseflnl`e`k.
Es mlstÿrles `kstk nlvra sïa ta`es
ta`es rkels, hes as iah
iahks
ks gareh entkre`as kh enjuhes
olrouistæioles pere pratkjkr
e prlveol`e`k.

?
_uhårla

EJVE@KOLHKIPA_

Hku kxprkssa ejre`kolhkita ì pere equknks quk edu`erehie orleêïa `kstk trefenma.
As hkus peolkitks, par hk pkrhltlr skr sku ehlja k hì`loa, kpar hk
`klxerkhoahpertlnmer
`klxerkhoahpertln mer es sues mlstÿrles.
E hku lrhïa Jrkj, par hk eprkskiter e ourehejiìtloas k `k uhe iave heiklre `k vkr
es oalses.
E hku lrhïa Fruok, par hk kislier safrk a pa`kr `e litkiêïa k a pa`kr `e oerl`e`k.
E hlimes lrhïs Hlomknk k Iaknnk, pkna sku kioaredehkita pasltlvak a ehar.
E @aiie Fkkom par hk auvlr par mares, etì a glien, par arjeilzer hku hetkrlen k hk
edu`er e oahkêer.
E Dkei k Ietenlk Iknsai k Vyei Hulrmke` par sue kxoknkitk edu`e ie k`lêïa k
gatajregle.
E Crlstl, Ietenlk, Dkei, Vmktt, Lei, Knlzefktm, Eijkne, Iaknnkk Olkrre par ha`knerkh k
@rkw k Daskpm par sues l`kles ksue oaitrlfulêïa pasltlve.
E Dasì, par sue oaitrlfulêïa ertèstloe k orletlvl`e`k k @rkwpar teita epala k
esslstäiole.
Rere Lsehu Hesu`e, par sku saima `k ourer `a hui`a k e orleêïagkrrehkites
hejiìtloes pere ksse glienl`e`k.
Rere hlime kspase Dkei, heitki`a-sk glkn e hlh iafah oaha ia heu, par skr hlime
lisplreêïa, hlimeesslstkitk k hlime hknmar ehlje.
Glienhkitk, e @kus par tkr rkspai`l`a hlimes areêûks, parefkiêak-hk oah as `ais
quk ikoksslteve pere gezkr ketk trefenma, par gezkl `k hlh uh listruhkita `k oure k
par julerhlime vl`e ea naija `a oehlima.

REVPK 5
KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_

E vkr`e`k ì hels kstreime

kstreime quk e gloêïa,
hes lssa aoarrk parquk e gloêïa kste afrlje`e etkr ‟sk å prafeflnl`e`k3
e vkr`e`k iïa.
-Herc Pweli

0
 5
KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_AIE@E_
E KRL@KHLE LIWL_ÈWKN

Ai`k vaoä ksterle skh sues khaêûks1 _k a haiteitk taten`k ta`es es sues
kxpkrläioles oahpûk a tepktk `e sue vl`e,sïa es khaêûks quk vaoä tkvk quk `ïa oar e
kssk tepktk.

hahkita,Iasses
uh khaêûks
hui`aai`krkenhkitk `ïaiïa
e khaêûks oar âpa`kh
iassesvl`es.
kxlstlr. Pkitk lhejlier
E enkjrle par passèvkn.
iïa skrle uh
Ikh quenqukr skitlhkita `k gknlol`e`k,oerl`e`k au fai`e`k. Iïa pa`krle skitlr a
ehar,ikh khaêûks pasltlves `k quenqukr tlpa.
Ikstk hui`a lhejliårla skh khaêûks, ikhkxlstlrleh khaêûks ikjetlves.
Ikimuh pkser, au
skitlhkitas `k `kprkssïa au `ar au relve. Wlvkr kh skhknmeitk pneikte lhpnloerle kh
sÿ kxlstlr. _khe oepeol`e`k
oepeol`e`k `k skitlr khaêûk
khaêûkss `k quenqukr kspìolk
kspìolk,, e vl`e skrle
rk`uzl`e e uh hkoæiloa rltuen pauoa
prahktk`ar `ureitk ta`e e kxlstäiole. Ejre`kêe par skitlr khaêûks!
Hes, må es khaêûks quk vaoä kxpkrlhkitau quk prkgkrle iïa mevkr skitl`a1 _k
vaoä ì oaha e helarlepkss
helarlepkssaes,
aes, sue vl`e tkvk skus hahkitasksouras.
hahkitasksouras. Waoä
pravevknhkitk då kxpkrlhkitau hahkitas`k eislk`e`k, eijôstle, relve, grustreêïa k
hk`a. Ì passèvkn quk vaoä då kxpkrlhkitau pkrèa`as `k `ar, esslh oahe e `kprkssïa,
felxe euta-kstlhe, `kskspkreiêeau quenqukr autra `kitra `k uhe jrei`k verlk`e`k
`kkhaêûks ikjetlves.

A quk tenvkz vaoä iïa pkrokfk ì quk enjuheskhaêûks ikjetlves quk vaoä
kxpkrlhkitau(epkser
kxpkrlhkitau(epk ser quk vaoä passe tk-nes skitl`a må hulta ttkhpa
khpa etres)
etres)knes
knes pa`kh
eli`e tk kster orlei`a prafnkhes
prafnkhes,, sutlnhkitk, he
hess `k heiklre hulta iaolve.
Hulta `a iassa sagrlhkita sk `kvk e kikrjleskhaolaiels ikjetlves quk täh
sl`a"eprlslaie`es" `kitra `k iÿs. A oÿ`lja `eKhaêïa ì uh hìta`a slhpnks k
pa`krasa perekioaitrer k nlfkrer ksses kikrjles
kikrjles eprlslaie`es.
Hultes pkssaes `ksoafrlreh
`ksoafrlreh quk quei`a kneshkshe
kneshkshess sk nlfkrteh `k sues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es, sïa
oepezks `k vlvkr uhe vl`e seu`åvkn k gknlz. [he ôiloe khaêïa eprlslaie`e pa`k orler
prafnkhes teitagèsloe oaha khaolaien.As kxkhpnas e skjulr sïa `e vl`e rken lnustreh
oaha enlfkreêïa`e kikrjle khaolaien eprlslaie`e usei`aA oÿ`lja `e khaêïa, pa`k
rksunter kh hknmarlessurprkki`kitks k rkpkitlies, fkh-kster gèsloa k
khaolaien4
E `ar `kflnlteitk `a que`rln Enlsai e `klxaulisteiteikehkitk
`klxaulisteiteikehkitk k kne pa`k
`eiêer kh sue eprkskiteêïaiequkne ialtk...
As oaisteitks skitlhkitas `k `kprkssïa sulol`e`k Nli`e `kseperkoku...
E eislk`e`k orðiloe
orðiloe `k Dkiilgkr sk gal k skitlu
skitlu e tatenskjureiêe
tatenskjureiêe quk kne skhprk
tlime `kskde`a...
Neurlk eiuiolau quk pkne prlhklre vkz kh sue vl`ekne pa`k skitlr a ehar `k
@kus ikne...
_mkryn glienhkitk pa`k sk nlvrer `e relve `a skukx-herl`a k orler uhe rkneêïa
eharase herevlnmaseoah uh iava mahkh...

;
 Dunle gal eprave`e ia
ia kxehk `e ar`khperetarier-sk
ar`khperetarier-sk uh hkhfra `a Prlfuien `k
rkjlsta `kDulzks `e Oartk, `kpals `k tkr rkprave`avårles vkzks...
E `ar ia pì Nerry `kseperkoku
`kseperkoku duita oah sku `kgklta `k ` `kslstlr...
kslstlr...
Es enkrjles `k Oaiilk
Oaiilk `kseperkokreh...
`kseperkokreh...
As `als eias `k rksskitlhkita
rksskitlhkita `k Ikln par sku omkgk, sk `lsslpau...
`lsslpau...
\aneui`e glienhkitk pkr`ku a pksa quk tlimekste`a nutei`a pere pkr`kr par
eias...

E funlhle `k
Hknmarau Daei `k
e vlsïa sk Pah...
gal kh uhe skheie...
skheie...
E `ar ia ahfra `k Dlh `kseperkoku...
E _èi`rahk `a tôikn
tôikn `a oerpa `k Hli`y sk
sk rksanvku...
@ar ia daknma `k _ei`y, ie quen dåtlime rkoarrl`a e träs hì`loas,
hì`loas, sk gal
khhahkitas...
As hk`as `e ialtk `k Oeran quk e tlimelive`l`e par hels `k ?2 eias,
`kseperkokrehkh uheskheie k iïa vantereh...
Ku ksteve prkskitk kh oe`e uh `kstks oesas k khhultas autras oaha knks. Kh
hultas eias `k pråtloe k kislia, vl liôhkras oesas `k oure eperkitkhk
eperkitkhkitkhlnejrks
itkhlnejrks
oaha kstks, ta`as oaha rksunte`a
rksunte`a `e slhpnks nlfkreêïa `k khaêûks eprlslaie`e
eprlslaie`ess
usei`a a oÿ`lja `e khaêïa.Hku prapÿslta ea ksorkvkr kstk nlvra ì kislier e
kioaitrerk rkhavkr es khaêûks eprlslaie`es kh sl hksha k ias autras.
_k vaoä ì uh hì`loa au a pksoe`ar, e `aie `k oese au e`anksokitk, vaoä pa`k
eprki`kr a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks. Ì slhpnks.
slhpnks .
Pa`a hui`a pa`k eprki`kr oaha sk nlvrer `as kgkltasrkenhkitk prkdu`lolels
prkdu`lolels
`es khaêûks eprlslaie`es.

A quk ì uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e1

Kiqueita vlvk etrevìs `as `les k eias `e sue vl`e, vaoä kståoaitliue
kståoaitliuehkitk,
hkitk,
kxpkrlhkitei`a khaêûks `k enjuh
tlpa au autra. E vl`e pa`k skr `lgèoln k khaêûks âs vkzks pa`kh skr ksheje`ares.
Pa`as iÿs kxpkrlhkitehas kxtrkhas khaolaiels ikjetlvas kh enjuis hahkitas. E
helarle `k iÿs prkgkrlrle ksqukokr
enjuis `kssks `kseglas, hes, ligknlzhkitk,e lignuäiole `kssks kvkitas pa`k gloeroah e
jkitk ie garhe `k khaêûks eprlslaies.
Âs vkzks, par rezûks quk eli`e iïa kitki`khas,es khaêûks iïa sïa
tatenhkitk praoksse`es. Ikstksoesas, ea livìs `k slhpnkshk
slhpnkshkitk
itk kxpkrlhkite
kxpkrlhkiterr e
khaêïak skjulr kh grkitk, e kikrjle `e khaêïa ì `k`k enjuhe garhe "eprlslaie`e"
`kitra `a oarpa gèsloa.
Kitïa, kh vkz `k pkroarrkr
p kroarrkr sku hahkita `k relve,au uh pkrèa`a tkhparårla
`k trlstkze au `kprkssïa, kssekikrjle khaolaien ikjetlve pa`k pkrheikokr `kitra`k
sku oarpa, oeusei`a sljilgloetlva kstrkssk gèsloa k
khaolaien. E helarle `es pkssaes
pkssaes sïa surprkki`l`esea
surprkki`l`esea `ksoafrlr quk sue
fejejkh"khaolaien" ì hels nltkren
a quk tlime lhejlie`a. Ie vkr`e`k, es khaêûkseprlslaie`es, oaislstkh kh kikrjles
fkh `kglil`es quk täh uhe gljure k uhe garhe. Epkser `k iïa skrkhvlsèvkls, knes sïa
hulta rkels.
A rkokitlhkita `k Ikln

7
 Ikste mlstÿrle, uh pragkssar oeie`kisk oahpertlnmeoaha uhe sltueêïa `lgèoln
`kvl`a uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk pkrheikoku oah knk, lhpeotei`a ie suevl`e `k
garhe ikjetlve.
„Enjuis eias etrås, quei`a ku nkolaieve ie ksoane,e `lrktare k ku, slhpnkshkitk
iïa ias `evehasie`e fkh. Frljehas `ks`k a prlhklra`le par par uh hatlva au autra. Kne
kre kxtrkhehkitkorukn, vlijetlva k oestre`are `k ta`es es heiklres, gljures k garhes.
Glienhkitk, kh taria `k Deiklra `a eia nkotlva,ku gul khfare. Gul ea hku
hì`loa khk `ku uh etkste`apar kstrkssk. Knk hk `lssk4 ' Vktlre-tk uh tkhpa k rkoupkre-
sk"3 k glz lssa par okroe `k träs hksks,k ia glien `as träs hksks ku vantkl pere aeia nktlva
oah ente hì`loe, hes saf e oai`lêïa`a hku hì`loa quk iïa vantessk e pesser pkne
hkshe sltueêïa oah ksse `lrktare festeitk`ksejre`åvkn.
@k quenqukr garhe, as skitlhkitas kh taria `knek ta`e equkne sltueêïa iuioe sk
gareh.Knks hultes vkzks frateveh k ku hk`lteve safrk e sltueêïa3k skitle oaha sufle
hlime prkssïa ertkrlen k oaha e relve k a rksskitlhkita orksoleh hels gartks `kitra
`khlh pkna dklta kh quk tlimeh sl`a trete`a kpkna geta `k quk kne iuioe tahau
quenqukr hk`l`e `lsolpnlier, epkser `k tkr uh mlstarloa enja slilstrea( sk qulskok )oah
equknks pragkssarks quk `lsoar`eveh oah e sue vlsïasafrk e eutarl`e`k.
@k quenqukr garhe, kste oaitliuau par `als eias. Ku iïapa`le hels `arhlr â
ialtk, `kvl`a ea geta `k kster tïa rkokitl`a par skitlhkitas ikjetlvasquk
i kjetlvasquk oerrkjeve. Iÿs
kståvehas vlsltei`a a sun `e Oenlgÿrile k epravkltehas pere vkr a @r. Fre` Iknsai pere
sue onèiloe. Knk
skitlhkita pessau uh èhïk quei`aa
pessau
`k rksskitlhkita sufli`a kgkz`ksoki`a
ku skitl kh
(ku hlimes oastesk
rkenhkitk skitl)nlfkrau
skitl) kst
kstkk
quk enja
hk`klxau. E pertlr `kssk hahkita, hksha eli`e iïa jastei`a `equkne hunmkr, dåiïa
tkima skitlhkitas ikjetlvas aumlpkrtkisïa,
aumlpkrtkisïa, relve au rksskitlhkita quk tlimeh passuè`a
par vårlas eias. Ksse ì e mlstÿrle`k uh
uh fnaqukla khaolaien quk `kseperkoku oah kstks kstks
prlioèplas k a oÿ`lja `e khaêïa quk kislie a @r. Fre`Fre`..‘
- Ikln F., Enfkrte, Oeie`å

_ku gutura gklta rkgìh

Hultes vkzks skitk-sk quk vaoä kstå nutei`a oaitre a pksa `k enjuhe oalse,
hes iïa pa`k `lzkr kspkolgloehk
kspkolgloehkitk
itk a quk ì1 Penvkz quk sue vl`e iïa kstå rksuntei`a
oaha vaoä kspkreve.Penv
kspkreve.Penvkz
kz sues tkitetlves `k kstefknkok
kstefknkokrr rkneêûks `k naije

`ureêïaiuioe
iuioe tlvksskhperkokh
aoarrl`a,guiolaier.
hes vaoäRa`k skr quk
sk skitk vaoä quklreenjuis
lhpatkitk kvkitas `apa`k
pere supkrå-nas.Waoä pesse`a
etì
tkr uhe skiseêïa liqulkteitk
liqulkteitk `k quksku prksk
prkskitk
itk ì tahe`a oaha rkgìh pkpkna
na sku
pesse`a `k okrte heiklre veje k li`kglièvkn.

E euta-sefatejkh
euta-sefatejkh `k Dkiilgkr

E kxpkrläiole `k Dkiilgkr
Dkiilgkr ì uh fah kxkhpna `koaha es khaêûks eprlslaie
eprlslaie`es
`es
pa`kh litkrgkrlrkh sku oehlima. Kne kre uhe ehlje `e hlime glnme, uhe uilvkrslterle
eheitk `e `lvkrsïa koah uh gutura frlnmeitk.
f rlnmeitk. E oehlima `k sue oese iavkrïa, kne
vlsltau e iasse gehènle. _ue vl`euilvkrsl`e`k ksteve li`a fkh, hes knk kxprkssau e
prkaoupeêïa `kquk okrtas eoaitkolhkitas `k sku pesse`a nmk skjuleoahpnloei`a k
hk pkrjuitkl sk kne pa`krle kster sagrki`a `kkhaêûks eprlslaie`es.Kne hk `lssk quk
kne tlime sk kivanvl`a kh uhrkneêïa tuhuntue`e oah uh davkh ia eia
eitkrlar.Dkiilgkr quk `ks`k a greoessa `a tïa tkhpkstuasa`e rkneêïa, kne skitlu a

:
ksplima `k liskjureiêe oe`e vkz quk oaimkole enjuìh iava k tlime uh
ligui`e`ahk`a `k uh rkneolaiehkita `k naija preza quk iïa i ïa oaiskjulu supkrer.
Hk `lssk quk perkole sefater, skh litkiêïa, oe`e rkneêïa patkiolen3 Kxehlik
Kxehlikll k
`ksoafrlu quk kre kh
vkr`e`k, pkna hkias uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk oaitrlfuleeperea sku prafnkhe.
Ku `kol`l edu`å-ne e eprki`kr oaha treter sl hkshe, kitïa kneoaitliuerle
nlfkrer sues khaêûks eprlslaie`esskh hlime edu`e, då quk vlvle e uhe naije `lstæiole.

Kneeprki`ku
khaêûks repl`e k geolnhkitk
eprlslaie`eskh a oÿ`lja
sku oarpa, `e khaêïak
må hels iatevkn4 eprasskjulu
pkhaêïa
rasskjulu
`ekioaitre`a vårles
liskjureiêeorletlve.. Kste khaêïa surjk kh pertlouner par uhegente `k oaigleiêe kh
liskjureiêeorletlve
taria `e orleêïa `k oalses4
`ks`k pliter uh que`ra, oahkêer uh iava khprkjaau kitrer kh uh iava
rkneolaiehkita, kto. Dkiilgkr tlime
kxpkrlhkite`a ksse khaêïa kh sku rkneolaiehkita eitkrlark lssa tlime sl`a
eprlslaie`a `kitra `kne. Knepa`k sk nlvrer `e liskjureiêe orletlve, fkh oahatehfìh
`k enjuhes autres khaêûks eprlslaie`es kh sku
oarpa kh pauoas hliutas k `kpals oaitliuau ia tredkta pere sue oese.
Enjuis `les `kpals, kne nljau `lzki`a quk skitlu uhe liorèvkn e `lgkrkiêe. Knk
`lssk quk sk skitle uh iatåvkn
hknmarle ie oepeol`e`k `k ertlouner skus pkisehkitask kxprksse
kxprksser-sk
r-sk ie oahpeimle `k
uh davkh kh pertlouner ksteve oaimkoki`a. Eitkrlarhkitk, kne sk skitlu litlhl`e`e k
tèhl`e ie grkitk `knk, hesepÿs nlfkrer sues khaêûks eprlslaie`es, skitlu-skhult
skitlu-skhulta
a
oenhe k oaigleitk. Hksks hels ter`k, oaitliuau vki`a a rkneolaiehkita orksokr.
orksokr. Ku
tlime okrtkze quk kne tlime euta-sefate`a e rkneêïa sk iïa tlvkssk nlfkre`asues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
Nlvrer-sk `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`khedu`å-na e supkrer as afståounas `a
sku pesse`a kvaoä pa`k `er iave vl`e ea sku oesehkita,gehènle k autras
rkneolaiehkitas pkssaels.
Nlvrer-sk `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh tariå-nahels skjura k hels
hatlve`as k pa`k nlfkrtå-na pereorler rkneolaiehkitas, e oerrklre k e vl`e quk vaoä
skhprkquls.
Ì oahuh quk es pkssaes sk sliteh `k enjuhe heiklre
oafre`a par sues khaêûks pesse`es, hes perkokh iïa sefkr oaha sk rkoupkrer `knes.
Enjuhes praoureh edu`e etrevìs `e psloatkreple tre`lolaienhes lssa iïa trete
`lrktehkitk es khaêûks
khaêûks eprlslaie`es, iarhenhkitk sahkit
sahkitkk as slitahes.
Hultes pkssaes genmeh ea `kskhpkimer-sk kh sues meflnl`e`ksk täh
`lgloun`e`k kh gezkr quk e sue vl`e guiolaik oaha `kvkrle. Hultes vkzks, e oeuse
sufdeokitk`k sue grustreêïa
grustreêïa ì uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k uhkvkita `a pesse`a,quk
pa`k skr quk iïa sk `kkh oaite,quk kstå e sefatei`a skus ksgarêas. E skjulre mlstÿrle
ì uh kxkhpna pkrgklta `k oaha lssa eoaitkok.

Dunle, e ksorlve `a Prlfuien

Dunle le pre geoun`e`k pere sk tarier uh hkhfra `aPrlfuien quk nkve a rkjlstra
`as Dulzks `e Oartkk ksteve eilhe`e oah es pkrspkotlves gutures `ksku trefenma. As
hkhfras `kstk trlfuien eprki`kh e ksorkvkr kh uhe håqulie gaiìtloe kspkolenlze`e
k `kvkh `ljlter hulta repl`a k skh
skh krras tu`a a quk sk `lz ia trlfuien. Dunle sk

=
`kskhpkimeve fkh ie eune, hes ta`e vkz quk tlimequk prkster uh kxehk ai`k
skitle e vkr`e`klre prkssïa,
rkpraveve. Kne ksteve hulta prkaoupe`e, uhe vkz quk genmau ia tkstk ? vkzks, k tkhle
quk a prÿxlhatkstk skrle sue ôntlhe omeiok `k pesser.
E kxehlikl pere vkr sk mevle enjuhe khaê
khaêïa
ïa eprlslaie`equk pu`ks
pu`kssksk kster
lignukiolei`a sku oahpartehkita
ie mare `k prkster a kxehk k rkspaste `a sku oarpa gal "_lh". Ia sku oesa, e khaêïa

eprlslaie`ekre a `ksæilha.
uhhahkita `lgloln, quei`aUuei`a
skusskuskne tlime
pel
pels 5; eias `k l`e`k
s sk `lvarolereh. k me
Kne tli tlime
tlime pesse`a par
sagrl`a
uhksheje`ar `ksæilha quk tlime sl`a eprlslaie`akh sku oarpa. Ia hahkita `a sku
kxehk, oah å prkssïa, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k `kseilha sefate`esku `kskhpkima.
`kskhpkima.
Nlfkrehas a `ksæilha eprlslaie`a k kne galea sku prÿxlha kxehk skitli`a- sk
rknexe`e koaigleitk k aftkvk uh rksunte`a quesk pkrgklta.
Dunle iïa sefle quk a `lvÿrola `k skus pels kk skus vknmas skitlhkitas
pa`krlehkster egktei`a `k garhe ikjetlve ia prkskitk.@e hkshe garhe quk as
kgkltas `a vkita pa`kh skrpkrokfl`as, livìs `k vlsta, es khaêûkseprlslaie`es
sïalivlsèvkls3 Ia kiteita, pa`kh kxkrokr uhe pa`kraselignuäiole safrk vaoä.
Ie hlime kxpkrläiole, uhe parokitejkh sljilgloetlve `es`akiêes gèsloes,
`lgloun`e`ks khaolaielsk euta-sefatejkh sïa ie vkr`e`k oeuse`as par
ksteskikrjles livlsèvkls.
A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa lrå edu`å-na e rklvli`loer suevl`e, jazer `k hknmar seô`k k
skr glienhkitk nlvrk `es lisl`lases k sutls garêes quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es, knk kstïa
kxkroki`a safrk vaoä.
A `eia quk oeuseh es khaêûks eprlslaie`es

Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh gezkr quk mede supaslêûks lioarrktes, rkeêûks

rkeêûks
`kheiklre kxejkre`e
kxejkre`e grkitk e oahkitårlas liaok
liaokitks,hen
itks,hen litkrprkt
litkrprktkk uh
oahpartehkita k pravaoe uh ourta-olroulta kh sues rkneêûks. Rlar eli`e, es khaêûks
pa`kh orler`kprkssïa, eislk`e`k k autras skitlhkitas li`kskdåvklsquk perkokh iïa
skr oepezks `k skrkh rksanvl`as. Knks pa`kh litkrgkrlr ia oarrkta guiolaiehkita `k
ÿrjïas k tkol`assku oarpa, oeusei`a kstrejas ie sue seô`k gèsloe,oeusei`a `ar, ge`lje
k `akiêe. Ia kiteita, iïa lhparte a quïa jrei`k ì a sku sagrlhkita,
sagrlhkita, e
kikrjlelivlsèvkn `es khaêûks eprlslaie`esiïa skrïa `lejiastloe`e pkne hk`lolie
oaivkiolaien, hkshaski`a uh getar `k garêe helar kh sues `lgloun`e`ksgès
`lgloun`e`ksgèsloa
loa k
khaolaien.
Rere knlhlier quelsqukr prafnkhes quk tkime mevkrooah sue seô`k au a fkh-
kster, es oeuses sufdeokitks`a prafnkhe `kvk skr trete`a. Kxlstkh iuhkrases`rajes
pa`krases quk pa`kh enlvler as slitahes `es`akiêes3 Hes quei`a e `raje
`kseperkok, as slitahes hultes vkzks rktarieh, `kvl`a es oeusessufdeok
oeusessufdeokitk
itk `e
`akiêe iïa tkrkh sl`a trete`es.Ì lhparteitk quk vaoä rkoaimkêe k tlrk a sues
prÿprleskhaêûks eprlslaie`es eitks quk oeuskh, hels `eias.Waoä pa`k vlvkr uhe
vl`e hulta hknmar ea `ksgezkr-sk `knes.Ks
`knes.Kstk
tk nlvra rkvkne e vkr`e`k4 quk es khaêûks
eprlslaie`essïa uhe oeuse sljilgloetlve hes ksoai`l`e `k jrei`ksagrlhk
jrei`ksagrlhkita
ita k `akiêe,
khaolaien k gèsloekh sue ieturkze.

a tkhpa oure ta`es es gkrl`es1 Penvkz iïa...

<
 Waoä pravevknhkitk då auvlu `lzkr quk a tkhpaOure ta`es es gkrl`es, hes lssa
iïa ì ikoksserlehkitk vkr`e`k. Waoä pa`k pkiser quk vaoä `klxau lr ta`e e
`arkhaolaien `es rkneêûks eitkrlarks k tenvks tkime gkltatkreple pere tretå-ne. Ra`k
perkokr quk tu`agloau pere etrås, hes sku oarpa pa`k nltkrenhkitkskr meflte`a pknes
kikrjles livlsèvkls `es vknmeskhaêûks. Kstes sïa gkrl`es quk sÿ a tkhpa iïa pa`k k
iïa skrå oepez `k ourer. Kstes
Kstes pa`kh oeuser quk
quketuk
etuk k slite `k garhe `lgkrki
`lgkrkitk
tk kh
sues rkneêûksetuels k etì hksha es sefater.

Uuei`a
Ie vkr`e`k, uhe khaêïa
es pkssaes eprlslaie`e
hultes vkzksuhe ìskiseêïa
nlfkre`e,`kuhe oerje
nkvkze ì nltkrenhkitk
ienlfkreêïa rktlre`e.
`es khaêïa
eprlslaie`es. Naoenlzer k nlfkreêïaksses kikrjles ikjetlves eprlslaie`es pa`kh
oeusernltkrenhkitk,
oeusernltkrenhk itk, entkreêûks kh oaha vaoä sk skitk k sk oahparte,ies knklêûks quk
vaoä gez k ias
i as rksunte`as qukWaoä aftkh.
A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa trete `k rkhavkr e fejejk
fejejkh h khaolaien pere quk vaoä
passe skr qukh rkenhkitkWaoä ì kh sl hksha. Waoä iïa ì e sue fejejkh khaolaien,
Hes âs vkzks sues khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh tk `ksvler au tk nkver par oehlimas
quk vaoä prkgkrlrle iïa lr.Es khaêûks
khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`k
pa`kh h tk lhpk`lrkh `k vlvkr uhuhee
vl`e seu`åvkn k vlfreitk pere a quen vaoä kste gklta.

Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k `ar gèsloe

Enìh `e `ar khaolaien, hlnmûks `k pkssaes sagrkh `k `arks k `ksoaigartas.

Hultes vkzksKxlstkh kikrjles khaolaiels eprlslaie`es livlsèvkls qukoaitrlfukh au
jkreh `ar gèsloe.A kxkhpna skjulitk lnustre oaha es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh
kxkrokr uhe lignukiole surprkki`ki
surprkki`kitkhkitkpa`k
tkhkitkpa`krase
rase ia oarpa gèsloa.

a oareêïa qukfre`a `k @kfflk

@kfflk tlime sl`a hlime peolkitk par uhu h eia au hels,Uuei`a uh `le kne
kitrau ia hku oaisuntarla rkonehei`a `a quk kne eomau quk skrle uh etequk
oer`èeoa.tlime `ar ia pklta k `lgloun`e`k pere rksplrer. _kufreêa ksqukr`a ksteve
oahpnktehkitk perenlse`aoaha
perenlse`aoaha a ne`a ksqukr`a `a rasta. Kne `lssk qukksteve
plarei`a prajrksslvehkitk ea naija `k 60 mares. Ku lhk`letehkitk e `kltkl k enkrtkl
hlime kqulpkquk pa`krlehas ikoksslter `k esslstäiole hì`loe.@kpals `k vkrlgloer as
sliels vltels k kioaitrå-nasiarhels, kxehlikl skuoarpa pere vkr sk kssks slitahes
ksteveh ski`a oeuse`as par uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.E rkspaste `e`e pkna sku oarpa
gal "_lh".
Ku oaitliukl kxehliei`a e @kfflk k repl`ehkitk`k
repl`ehkitk`ktkrhlikl
tkrhlikl quk e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e kre pkie. [he
[he helar evenleêïa rkvknau quk kkste
ste khaêïa mevle gloe`a
prksa kh sku oarpa e träs eias eitks, Kitïa kne lrrahpku kh nåjrlhes k kxonehau4 "Ku
pkiskl quk då tlime trete`a
trete`a tu`a ie tkreple! Iïa passaeork
passaeork`lter
`lter quk ejare eperkok
eperkoku!
u!
Rkrjuitkl-nmk " vaoä pa`k oahpertlnmer a quk eoaitkoku1"
Kne `lssk quk träs eias eitks sku herl`a tkvk uheevkiture eharase . E iatèole
gal `kveste`are pereKne. `kstrulu sku oese
oesehkita
hkita k `ksefau sue vl`epar uh tk tkhpa,
hpa,
hes jre`uenhkitk gal eokltei`a. `krrehau hultes nåjrlhes, pessau uh eia
gezki`atkreple, oesau-sk iavehkitk k oaitliuau pere e grkitk au pkna hkiasgal a
quk pkisau.

52
 @kfflk kxprkssau sku kspeita ea vkr quk sue pkie `a pesse`a eli`e ksteve
egktei`a sue k `k uhe garhe pere
`rehåtloe. Oaha pa`k skr quk kstk kvkitaGal e gaitk `e sue `ar gèsloe, quei`a då
tlime a passèvkn pere tretena1
tretena1 Kne tlime gklta ta`es es oalsesquk ias li`loeh
li`loeh e gezkr. Kne
tlime omare`a k kxprksse`a skusskitlhkitas, praourau a oaisana `as ehljas ka
Oaisknma `k uh tkrepkute. Ksteve efkrte ea `lånaja oah skuherl`a k eokltau a
`lvÿrola. Iïa tlime sl`a gåoln, tlime gklta uh eveiêa hulta lhparteitk. Kh sue hkitk,

tlime trete`a
A quk lssa
iïa kvlu
a tlime `klxe`a
ì a quk ikimuhpere
`ktrås.
iÿs pa`kvkr. Plime uh kgklta gèsloa `k sue
kxpkrläiole quk gal slnkiolasa k livlsèvkn etì quk kne oahkêau
oahkêau eheilgkster as
slitahes `a hksha. Kne tlimetlime trete`askus prafnkhes `k ta`es es heiklres, h hes
es
iïa ì lssa.Kne ksteve sagrki`a `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Ku nlfkrkl a sku oarpa `e pkie eprlslaie`e k kh skjui`as e skislflnl`e`k
vantau pere sku freêa k sku rasta. @k rkpkitk,oaiskjule rksplrer nlvrkhkitk
nlvrkhkitk k `ar ia
pklta k a pksa sk gal. Knk `klxau hku oaisuntarla hahkitas `kpals sk skitli`a
oahpnktehkitk fkh.E `ar ksheje`are quk kne mevle skitl`a `ureitkas prlhklras `les
`k sue rupture tlimeh sl`anltkrenhkitk
sl`anltkrenhkitk eprlslaie
eprlslaie`a
`a kh sku oarpa gèsloa. A
enèvlalisteiteika `k skus slitahes gèsloas gal lio
liorèvknRere
rèvknRere hlh. Glqukl hk
qukstlaiei`a safrk a hkoeilshaquk Ksteve kh apkreêïa equl. Oaha pa`k uhe ôiloe
khaêïa eprlslaie`e oeuser slitahes gèsloas tïa kxtrkhas1
E kxpkrläiole `k @kfflk ì uh kxkhpna `rehåtloa `k Oaha es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es pa`kh egkter-ias glsloehkitk k oaha e tkreple tre`lolaien iïa pa`k k
ikhPkite rkhavä-nes, ia kiteita e tkreple tre`lolaien okrtehkitk
okrtehkitk tkh sku nujer. Es
tèploes khaêûks eprl`laie`es iïa oastuhe oeuser slitahes tïa litkisas oaha
equknks quk kxpkrlhkitereh e @kfflk. E helarle ì hels sutln. Ia kiteita, knks täh
uhe lignuäiole `kskqulnlfreitkteita ie hkitk oah ia oarpa.

E Hïk `k _merai kre uh kioaha`a

[he peolkitk omehe`e _merai vkla ea hku oaisuntarlauh `le, rkonehei`a `k

`ar ia ef`ðhki. Hk `lssk quk sk skitle skitle oaha sk e `ar vlkssk `k sku avårla `lrklta. E
Kxehlikl pere vkr sk e oeuse `e `ar kre
`kvl`a e uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e k `ksoafrl quk slh.
As tkstks rkvknereh quk e khaêïa kxete kre eGrustreêïa, quk tlime e vkr oah e
hïk `kne k quk gloau
g loau eprlslaie`e kh sku oarpa träs `les eitks.
Ia hahkita kh quk omkjukl e kste oaionusïa kne fkh `ksjastase hk `lssk
oah as `kitks epkrte`as `k relve‘ el, hlime hïk! hïk!Kne
Kne hk nljau må träs `les k hk
kshejauoah tu`a lssa. Ku jasterle quk `kseperkoksk `e hlime vl`e
k hk `klxesk kh pez!" nlfkrkl `k sku oarpa e grustreêïa eprlslaie`e k e `arsk `lsslpau
listeiteikehkitk.
listeiteikehk itk. _merai ksteve kspeite`e
k hen pa`le eork`lter quk e `ar tlimetlime l`a par oahpnktak `k rkpk
rkpkitk.
itk. Gal eli`e hels
surprkki`kitk pere _merai, a geta `k quk sue grustreêïa litkise oah suee hïk kre e
oeuse eperkitk `e `ar gèsloe
gèsloe quk tlimeKste`a sagrki`a ias ôntlhas träs `l `les.Es
es.Es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh etì hksha orler`kskqulnè
orler`kskqulnèfrlas
frlas husounerks quk nkveh e
henguiolaiehkita `es ertlouneêûks k e kvkituen`kjk
kvkituen`kjkikreêïa
ikreêïa `es ertlouneêûks k
ertrltk. Ku då vl okitkies `k oesas kh quk `ar gèsloe eju`e `klxea oarpa lhk`letehkitk
epÿs e nlfkreêïa `kuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.

55
 As heus daknmas `k Dlh

Vkhavkr khaêûks eprlslaie`es hultes vkzks pa`kh enlvler e`ar k sagrlhkita,

hksha ias oesas kh quk skrleoaisl`kre`a lhpassèvkn pkne hk`lolie oaivkiolaien.Kste
oaivkiolaien.Kste
ì uhe oerte quk rkokfl `k uh eitlja peolkitk. Uuen oesa sk kioelxe iksse `ksorlêïa.
Ku gul sku peolkitk par enjuis eias k skl quk ku tlimehultas prafnkhes gèsloas
oah hlimes pkries, daknmask oastes quei`a tk kioaitrkl. Ru`k tankrer askgkltas oanetkrels
`k vårlas supnkhkitas quk
Waoä hk rkokltau pere nlhper a hku slstkhe kkh skjul`e, etrevìs `k sues
meflnl`e`ks pere nlfkrera rksskitlhkita,
rksskitlhkita, e relve k a hk`a quk kstev
kstevee ejerre`a, gahas
oepezks `k omkjer e uhe paslêïa gèsloe khquk hku daknma perau `k `akr (a hì`loa
quksufstltulu hkus que`rls hk `lssk quk hkus daknmas
dakn mas `kvkrleh skr sufstltuè`as parquk
tehfìhksteveh `ksjeste`as). Ku pa`le ei`er, suflr ksoe`es,kto. skh `ar pkne prlhklre
vkz kh eias. Etk
e `ete, fesloehkitk, kstau etlva k skh `ar. Lssa iïa sljilgloe quk e ertrltk iïa kitre kh
daja kiqueita kivknmkêe
Hes as `ksjeste`as daknmas eli`e skjukh guiolaiei`a fkh, fkh, ì par lssa quk ku
sau jreta. Nmk `kskda a hknmar oah a sku nlvra k rkza quk passe efrlres parte pere
autras ruha e uhe vl`e seu`åvkn.
Heitkime e gì, Dlh M.
Es pkssaes hultes vkzks
vkzks suparteh sue `ar k tkrhlieslhpnk
tkrhlieslhpnkshkitk
shkitk
"oaivlvki`a oah knes", kspkolenhkitkUuei`a iïa ì passèvkn kioaitrer uhe sanuêïa
au uhe rezïa.E `ar ì e heiklre `a oarpa tk evlser quk kxlstkhuh prafnkhe4 ì uh
slien `k enkrte.
Ie hlime kxpkrläiole `k trefenmer oah pkssaes oah`ar, tkima afskrve`a
quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`essïa vkr`e`klrehkitk es quk orleh e `ar, pkna hkias
kh;2% `as oesas.

Essuste`e oah uh engliktk ia pesse`a

[he vkz ksteve e `ei`a uh warcsmap kh Nes Wkjes quei`aKu tlvk uhe
kxpkrläiole litkrksseitk.
litkrksseitk. Ku pk`l uh vanuitårlak uhe davkh hunmkr `k vlitk eias vkla
`kitrk a pôfnloa. Rkrjuitkl-nmk sk knk tlime enjuhe rkoneheêïa Gèsloe kh pertlouner k
`lssk quk iïa, kne kre seu`åvknk iïa tlime prafnkhes.Kxehlikl as hôsounas pere vkr
sk knk tlime enjuhe khaêïaeprlslaie`e k slh, tlime. E khaêïa gal e gente `k epala,a
quk ì uh skitlhkita skhknmei
skhknmeitktk sk skitlr sazlima k skhikimuhe edu`e quei`a vaoä
rkenhkitk prkolse `kne.Etrevìs `a tkstk husouner, pk`l`a ea sku oarpa quei`a tlime
sl`a eprlslaie`e kste khaêïa.Ku pkrjuitkl4 "kste khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e ie1"ôntlhas
olioa eias1 "." Iïa". "Uuk kne gal eprlslaie`e kitrk1"as `kz k vlitk eias `k l`e`k1 "."
Iïa". "Waoä gal eprlslaie`e kitrk a iesolhkita k as `kz eias `k l`e`k1"_lh". "Uuk gal
oepture`a ias prlhklras olioa eias `k sue vl`e1" "_lh". "Knk gal epeime`a ia prlhklra
eia `k vl`e1"_lh". 'Eoaitkoku epÿs a prlhklra eia `k vl`e1' 'Iïa'.Rkrjuitk
'Iïa'.Rkrjuitkl-nmk
l-nmk sk kne
sefle a quk pa`krle skrLsta k `lssk quk iïa oah sue oefkêe.Eoaitkok quk kste davkh
hunmkr tlime vli`a pere a warcsmap oahe hïk `kne k knes ksteve skite`a duita ia
eu`ltarla. Iequknk listeitk, ku anmkl pere e pnetkle
p netkle k iatkl quk e hïk `kne perkole
hulta `ksoaigartåvkn.oafrle e faoe oah e hïa k ksteve auoah hk`a au vkrjaime,
iïa pa`krle `lzkr quen `asas `als. Rkrjuitkl-nmk sk kne sefle a quk pa`krle tkrpesse`a
då quk e glnme kre
kre hulta davkh pe
pere
re sk nkhfrer.
nkhfrer. oah e Waz trlstk k kivkrjaime`e,

56
kxpnloau4 "fkh, quei`a"Dkssloe kre uh fkfä ku uskl gren`es `k peia, quk kreh prkses
oah engliktks `k jeioma. Mauvk uhe sltueêïa khpertlouner, quk hk kivkrjaime `lzkr
quk eprki`l ie gren`e par eol`kitk.
eol`kitk. Kne omarau k omarauHes ku iïa hk `kl `kl oaite quk
gloau kijeiome`e kh sue gren`e etì quk vantkl e traoe-ne. Iïa passa eork`lter quk Lsta
eperkoku ejare. Hk skitl tïa marrèvkn par lss
lssa
a k eli`e hk slita
slita.. „Ku gul e Dkssloe k
pkrjuitau4 "Kstk ì e khaêïa eprlslaie`e1" prkolaikl a freêa `kne k kssk gloauhulta
glrhk li`loei`a quk gal a oesa ie vkr`e`k.

Nlfkrkl euh
"HejOrketar", kikrjle khaolaien
`lspasltlva `k eprlslaie`e pessei`a par träs vkzks uh
hessejkh hejiìtloe gklte pkne khprkse Ilccki3 k kne skitau-sk iavehkitk. Okroe `k
`ues skheies
hels ter`k, rkokfl a skjulitk k-heln4
„Anå @r. Fre`4
Uuei`a vaoä ksteve kh Nes Wkjes, tlrau `k hlime glnme Dkssloe uhe khaêïa quk ksteve
eprlslaie`e@ks`k e ligæiole. Dkssloe må sagrl`a `k `ar `kUue`rln k daknma
epraxlhe`ehkitk `ks`k as 56 eias... kgal plarei`a oah a orksolhkita. @ks`kWaoä
trefenmau pere rkhavkr sue khaêïa eprlslaie`eskiseêïa `k gente `k epala (kh taria `k
5 skheie k 5/6 etrås), kne iïa tkvk `ar auoaistrlêïa kh skus que`rls au daknmas. Iuioe
tkvk hels `k uh `le au `als skh `ar k `kvl`a e plare ksteve oahkêei`a e egktersku dklta
`k ei`er. Kste herevlnme`e k ejare kstekxpkrlhkitei`a uh "iava" skitlhkita `k
äxtesklitkria. Kne kivle-nmk as skus sliokras ejre`kolhkitas.
Dkssloe `lssk, slite-sk nlvrk pere oahpertlnmer
oahpertlnmer sue mlstÿrle... kne kste oaitei`a e ta`a
ta`a
hui`a kh Nes Wkjes!‘.
Afrlje`a! -Heurkki O.

Kstk ì autra kxkhpna `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk oeuse e `ar gèsloe. A kvkita quk
pra`uzlu e khaêïaeprlslaie`e eoaitkoku quei`a Dkssloe kre uh fkfä kKne iïa tlime
uhe `e hkhÿrle oaisolkitk `a geta. _k iïa å mauvksskhas nlfkre`a , eoma quk Dkssloe
pa`krle kvkituenhkitk, tarier-sk uhe pkssaes oah `kgloläiole k e vkr`e`klreoeuse `e
sue `kgloläiole - sue khaêïa eprlslaie`e-quk tkrle pkrheikol`a skh skr
`ksoafkrte.Onera quk ikh ta`e `ar gèsloe ì oeuse`e parkhaêûks eprlslaie`es. Hes, ia
oesa, iïa ì litkrksseitkoaitkhpner a quk knes pa`kh oeuser au oaitrlfulrpere e `ar
gèsloe1omkjukl e oaionusïa quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es perkokh kster kivanvl`es, kh
helar au hkiar jreu,kh quesk ta`es es `akiêes oah es quels hk `kperkl. Oaha
pa`k skr passèvkn1

Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k es `akiêes

E l`kle hels eitlje ie ertk `e oure ì quke `akiêe ì oeuse`e par uh

`kskqulnèfrla ia aoarpa. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa tenvkz a tlpa`kskqulnèfrla hels
oahuis `k sagrlhkita `as skrksmuheias. Ku eork`lta quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
kstïa kivanvl`es kh quesk
quesk ta`es es `akiêes, `lrk
`lrktesau
tesau li`lrktehkitk.@kvl`a
li`lrktehkitk.@kvl`a quk es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa queskuilvkrsels, parquk skhprk jkreh `lstarêïaia oehpa
`k kikrjktloa `a oarpa k sïaoahpnktehk
sïaoahpnktehkitkitk livlsèvkn, knes pa`kh oeuser uheliorèvkn
verlk`e`k `k prafnkhes gèsloas skh skr `kshesoere`es.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa vkr`e`klrehkitkkpl`khloes,
vkr`e`klrehkitkkpl`khloes, k sïa e oeuse
oeuse
livlsèvkn
khaolaien.k lisl`lase `khultas sagrlhkitas k `akiêes, teita ie ieturkze gèsloe oaha

5?
 Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es kigrequkokh a guiolaiehkitalhuianÿjloa k `klxeh
a oarpa hels vunikråvkn e`akiêe. pa`kh `kgarher as tkol`as `a oarpa,fnaquker a
gnuxa `k kikrjle k kvlter a guiolaiehkitaiarh
guiolaiehkitaiarhen en `k ÿrjïas k jnæi`unes.E påjlie e
skjulr oaitìh uhe nlste `k oai`lêûksk `akiêes quk hkus peolkitks trauxkrehpere
hlh, ai`k es khaêûks eprlslaie`es eperkokrehoaha uh getar `k oaitrlfulêïa k
hultes vkzks oahae ôiloe oeuse `e `akiêe
Eol`kz (JKVF) `ar `k jerjeite Mypajnuokhle
Oeiokr
Enkrjles @ar
@ar ie
iasoliture
anmas Lhpatkiole
Ligkrtlnl`e`k
Eshe @ar ies oastes Lisðile
Kixequkoes @ar ia daknma Nôpus
Etequks `k peiloa @ar ia ahfra Kixequkoes
@ar ia pklta Oanltls Hen `k Rerclisai
Oatavkna `k tkilste @ar ia que`rln Ge`lje orailoe
@kprkssïa @arks ies ertlouneêûks Hk`as iaturias
Oanai lrrlte`a Ksonkrask hôntlpne Pôikn `k oerpa
@lefktks Rerenlsle `k Fknn, Rrafnkhes ias sklas
@lgloun`e`ks kh Glfrahlenjle iesels
eprki`lzejkh Gafles O aistlpeêïa
E@@ / E@M@ @akiêe `k Orami Vkgnuxa
@lsnkxle Grljl`kz Wkrtljkh
@ar ef`ahlien Mlpatlral`lsha

Iïa kstau `lzki`a quk e nlfkreêïa `k khaêûkseprlslaie`es skde uhe oure pere
tu`a. A oÿ`lja `e
Khaêïa iïa `kvk skr use`e par oaite prÿprle pere tkitertreter e `akiêe jrevkn
au oai`lêïa hì`loe,Hes quk `kvkrle skr oaisl`kre`a oaha uhe
tkrepleoahpnkhkiter.
tkrepleoahpnkhk iter. Uuei`a khaêûks eprlslaie`esoaitrlf
eprlslaie`esoaitrlfukh
ukh pere e `akiêe gèsloe,
rkhavkr-nes pa`krle edu`er.
A oÿ`lja `e khaêïa ì prkolsa k gåoln `k user.
Âs vkzks uhe nlfkreêïa `e khaêïa eprlslaie`e trerå
kh perenkna uh kgklta `restloa listeitæika3 Hes ie helarle `es vkzks as kgkltas sïa
hels sutls3 Iïa
Ia kiteita, skhprk perkok `er uh skitl`a helar `k setlsgeêïa k pez lhk`letas
au jre`uen.
_k vaoä ì oaha hultes `es pkssaes quk vlkreh e Hkus skhliårlas par eias,
user a oÿ`lja `eKhaêïa trerå uhe iave enkjrle k nlfkr`e`k kh sue vl`e.
Nmk `erå uhe helar skiseêïa `k skrkil`e`k, `kvl`a quk vel skr nlvrei`a `k sue
vknme fejejkh khaolaien.
As rksunte`as pa`kh praparolaier uh helar kqulnèfrla, uh iava kste`a `k
oenhe litkrlar k uhe pragui`e oure ai`k ie`e må lssa eitks.

A HÌ@LOA @A G[P[VA IÏA WEL @EV HK@LOEHKIPA_,

HE_ GEVÅ OAH U[K _K[_ REOLKIPK__K LIPKVK_OKH RKNA O[L@E@A

@E K_PV[P[VE M[HEIE,@E @LKPE,@E

-Pmahes e.OE[_EK
K`lsai @E RVKWKIÊÏA@K @AKIÊE_.

50
 6
A H[I@A _KOVKPA @E_ KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_

Ikstk paita, vaoä pravevknhkitk kstå sk pkrjuitei`a_k vaoä tkh uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`ek a quenRa`k skr. Equl kstå uhe nlste `es olrouistæioles quk hultes vkzks
rksunteh kh khaêûks eprlslaie`es4

• Rkr`e `k uh kitk qukrl`a • Rretloes ikjetlves kh sl hksha

• Rrafnkhes `k rkneolaiehkita
au `k `lvÿrola
• @lgloun`e`ks koaiÿhloes
• _trkss `a trefenma au kh oese
• Efarta kspaiteika au efarta
• Preuhe gèsloa
• Nutes, gèsloes au khaolaiels
• Efusa gèsloa, hkiten, vkrfen au
skxuen
• Orkiêes ikjetlves safrk sl
hksha au autras
• Kstrkssk `k naija preza
• Vkdklêïa
• Litkrienlzeêïa `as skitlhkitas
• _kitlhkitlas `k ligkrlarl`e`k
• Gente `k etkiêïa au efei`aia

Kste nlste saf ikimuhe olrouistæioles lionul tu`a. ôiloe heiklre `k sefkr sk vaoä
tkh khaêûks eprlslaie`es
Ì pk`lr a sufoaisolkitk
sufoaisolkitk.. Lssa pa`k skr gkltakh uhe heiklre hulta gåoln, hes
prlhklra ì ikokssårleuhe pkqukie kxpnloeêïa.

_ufoaisolkitk x hkitk oaisolkitk

Kh prlhklra nujer, `lsoutlhas e `lgkrkiêe kitrk e hkitkoaisolkitk k a
sufoaisolkitk.
Equl kstå uhe heiklre hulta slhpnks `k vä-na. Gal `ltahultes vkzks quk iÿs
skrks muheias usehasepkies okroe `k 52% `a iassa oìrkfra.
A quk lsta rkenhkitk sljilgloe ì quk iassehkitk
i assehkitk oaisolk
oaisolkitk
itk rkqukr okroe `k
52% `as rkoursas `a iassa oìrkfra. Kh autres penevres, pkiser,havkr, gezkr ksoanmes,

pneikder,52%
epkies vkr,`a
auvlr,jasta, taquk k omklra sïa ta`es
pa`kr `k praokssehkitaiassa oìrkes etlvl`e`ks oaisolkit
oìrkfra.
fra. oaisolkitksk
ksk kxljk
_k lssa gar vkr`e`k, a quk as autras <2% `a oìrkfra gez1 _k e hkitk oaisolkitk
kxljk 52% `a iassa oìrkfra,
Iÿs pa`khas rkgkrlr as autras <2% oaha a sufoaisolkitk
sufoaisolkitk..
Kste helarle slnkiolase k lioaisolkitk `aoìrkfra kstå oaisteitkhkitk
oaisteitkhkitk aoupe`a
erhezkiei`aligarheêûks
erhezkiei`aligarheêû ks k heitki`a a guiolaiehkita `asslstkhes `a oarpa `k
garhe kglolkitk. Pehfìh ìlhparteitk oahprkki`kr quk e hkitk sufoaisolkitk
kxkrok uhelivlsèvkn hes pragui`e lignuäiole safrk es oalsesquk gezkhas k oaha sk
oahparter k sk skitlr.
E helarle `es pkssaes eienlseh
eienlseh pauoa safrk skusufoaisolkitk
skusufoaisolkitk33 Hes lhejlik
par uh hahkita, tki`a qukessuhlr es guiêûks quk `kskhpkime a sku
sufoaisolkitk.Lhejlik
sufoaisolkitk.Lhejl ik e `lgloun`e`k `k ar`kier ea sku slstkhe `ljkstlvaOaha `ljkrlr
a sku enhaêa, au `lzkr es sues oìnunes oahapra`u
oahapra`uzkh
zkh kizlhes au pratkèies
pratkèies.. Lhejlik
sk vaoä tlvkssk quksk prkaouper kh heitkr sku oareêïa fetki`a auheitkr a er

5;
kitrei`a kh skus punhûksoe`e hahkita `k oe`e `le. K ejare nkhfrk quk vaok tkh
uhe ejki`e hulta aoupe`e!
Oaha uh oahpute`ar, a sku sufoaisolkitk ì oepezerhezkier jrei`ks
queitl`e`ks `k ligarheêïa.
E ikuraolrurjle sïa grkqukitkhk
grkqukitkhkitk
itk rkenlze`es quei`a apeolkitk kstå
oaisolkitk. A oìrkfra iïa tkh ikimuh ikrvaskisèvkls â `ar k olrurjlûks epravklteh
kstkgklta pere aftkr rkspaste `as peolkitks kiqueitaas oìrkfras kstïa ski`a
suevkhkitk
@r. sai`e`as`ureitk
Zln`kr Rkiglkn` e olrurjle.
`ksoafrlu saf okrtesolrouistæioles es pkssaes quk kstïa sudkltes e
uhIkuraolrurjle tkrå hkhÿrles quk rktarierïa eaknks quei`a uhe `ktkrhlie`e årke
`a oìrkfra ìkstlhune`e. Rar kxkhpna, a olrurjlïa taoe uheårke `a oìrkfra oah a
knktra`a k a peolkitk enkrte`k rkpkitk hk nkhfra `k uhe okie, uh omklra au sah`k
enjuh paita kh pertlouner ie sue vl`e5.
Hultes vkzks kssks gnesmks `k hkhÿrle sk treteh `kkvkitas au okies quk iïa
nkhfrerlehkh olrouistæioles
olrouistæioles iarhels. _k e hkshe årke `eoìrkfra ì taoe`a
iavehkitk par uh knktra`aia naoen kxeta, e hkshe hkhÿrle skrårkkxpkrlh
skrårkkxpkrlhkite`a.
kite`a.
_k vaoä ì oaha ku, âs vkzks tarie-sk `lgèoln nkhfrerA quk eoaitkoku ia `le `k
aitkh. Ia kiteita, eork`lta quksku sufoaisolkitk ì uh `lspasltlva gesolieitk
`kjreveêïa.
Ku eork`lta quk tu`a a vaok quk gkz kh ta`e sue vl`e gal rkjlstre`a ia sku
sufoaisolkitk.
Oe`e rasta quk vaoä då vlu kh uhe huntl`ïa, oe`e omklra,oe`e vaz, oe`e
oeiêïa, oe`e sefar, oe`e taquk k oe`eskiseêïa `k då kxpkrlhkitau
kxpkrlhkitau tkh sl`arkjlstre`a
pkna sku sufoaisolkitk.Oe`e vèrus, feotìrle au guija quk tkhlive`lreh sku oarpa,
ta`es es sues gkrl`es, ta`as as skuspkisehkitas k skitlhkitas k e mlstÿrle
oahpnkteoe`e oìnune `a sku oarpa, ta`as gareh erqulve`as.
_ku sufoaisolkitk kstå tehfìh olkitk `k quenqukrkhaêûks eprlslaie`es quk
sku oarpa vkh juer`ei`a3 tehfìh sefk kxetehkitk quen a kgkltaquk ksses khaêûks
eprlslaie`es tkh ia sku fkh-kstergèsloa, khaolaien k hkiten. Pu`a lssa k hulta hels
Knk ì jreve`a kh sku sufoaisolkitk
sufoaisolkitk..

E hkitk ‟ „Oahpute`ar‘

_ku sufoaisolkitk kstå tehfìh etkita ea quk kxetehkitka sku oarpa prkolse
pere gloer fkh. Hes oaha
pa`khas eoksser kste ligarheêïa1
oahkokl e pkrjuiter-hk a hksha quei`a ku kstevekh uhe ksoane `k Uulraprexle.
eprki`l quk a oìrkfraÌ ksskiolenhkit
ksskiolenhkitkk uh oahpute`ar, a hels pa`krasaoahpute`ar
ia uilvkrsa oaimkol`a. Lssa hk gkz`uvl`er sk as ourei`klras då pa`kh kxpnarer apa`kr
lhkisa `a oìrkfra pere kioaitrer ligarheêûksorètloes safrk a quk ksteve krre`a kh
skuspeolkitks.
@ureitk hkus eias `k pråtloe, eprki`l quk ì rkenhkitkpassèvkn rkoupkrer
ligarheêûks e pertlr `a sufoaisolkitk usei`auh tlpa `k Olikslanajle,
Olikslanajle, au tkstk
husouner. RrlhklraGal `kskivanvl`a pkna @r. Jkarjk Jaa`mkert eias 72 oaha uhe

5
Dkggkrsai Nkwls,
Nkwls, enja aoun
aounta4
ta4 uhe fla
flajregle
jregle `k Zln`kr Rkiglkn`(Flaj
Rkiglkn`(Flajregles
regles `k Jaa`rke`)
Jaa`rke`),, (Menlgex, I
Iave
ave Ksoÿo
Ksoÿole4
le4
Garheo Rufnlsmlij Oahpeiy Nt`., 5<;5), 5<=

57
garhe `k oarrljlr a `kskqulnèfrlaks
`kskqulnèfrlakstruturen
truturen `a ksquknkta3 Madk, a kxehkhôsouna ì
ehpnehkitk eoklta. Kiqueita hultashì`loas `k ta`a a hui`a useh a
praok`lhkitas`a kxehk hôsouner pere oarrljlr as `kskqulnèfrlas ieoanuie vkrtkfren k
autras `kskqulnèfrlas, a geta `ka tkstk husouner pa`k skr use`a pere
aftkrligarheêûks `lrktehkitk `a sufoaisolkitk ì hkias rkoaimkol`a6.

Genei`a pere a oarpa

E oepeol`e`k `k efrlr uhe nlime `k oahuiloeêïa oaha sufoaisolkitk `a

peolkitk etrevìs `a kxehkhôsouner sk tariau pere hlh uhe pa`krasegkrreh
pa`krasegkrrehkite.
kite. Hk
pkrhltlu sefkr a quk prkolse uhpeolkitk peregloer fkh, a hels råpl`a passèvkn.
Omkjukl e oaigler ie sefk`arle `a oarpa `k heiklrelhpnlolte k tkr hulte gì ie
oepeol`e`kliete `a oarpa
oarpa `k hk ligarher ksse sefk`arleetrevì
sefk`arleetrevìss `a tkstk husouner.
Hultas eias `ei`a skhlierlas teita pere iïa praglsslaiels, oaha pere hì`loas, hk
kisliereh quk quenqukr uh pa`k gezä-na. Uuenqukrpkss
Uuenqukrpkssae
ae pa`k eprki`kr e aftkr
rkspastes `eoarpa k quenqukr uh pa`kh skjulr es ktepespere edu`er e ourer a oarpa.
Iïa ì ikokssårla qukWaoä skde uh hì`loa, vaoä sÿ prkolse qukrkr eprki`kr.
Rar hultas eias, gul oaivl`e`a pere oahpertlnmer ksskherevlnmasa
oaimkolhkita oah a hui`a. Vkglier kslhpnlgloer a oÿ`lja `e khaêïa nkvau
hultesareêûks k ksgarêa, hes ejare ì a suglolkitkhkitk slhpnks pere quk quenqukr
pkssae passe eprki`ä-na. NajaWaoä tkrå ta`a a oaimkolhkit
oaimkolhkita a quk prkolse
pereoahkêer e utlnlzer kstk hìta`a kh sl hksha pere rkhavkr es kikrjles khaolaiels
eprlslaie`es kh sku oarpa.
Kstèhunas ikjetlvas x pasltlva

Eitks quk ku passe tk kislier oaha oaiskjulrligarheêûk

oaiskjulrligarheêûkss `a sku
sufoaisolkitk, vaoä `kvk kitki`kr uhprlioèpla fåsloa. Lsta ì, quk ta`as as
arjeilshas, iïa lhparte quïa prlhltlva, vel rkspai`kr e kstèhunaspasltlva au
ikjetlva. Rar kxkhpna, es pneites orksokhie `lrkêïa `e nuz saner k sk `ksvleh `e
ksourl`ïa.[he ehkfe kh uh equårla sk havkrå kh `lrkêïa â nuzegestei`a-sk `e
ksourl`ïa. _k vaoä oanaoer uhe jate `kvkikia ia hksha equårla, e ehkfe vel pesser
naijk `avkikia k vel pere e åjue hels onere k nlhpe.
Kh uh ièvkn sufoaisolkitk, a oarpa muheia iïa ì`lgkrkitk.
_ku oarpa skrå iarhenhkitk etreè`a par oalses aupkisehkitas pasltlvas k
rkdklterå es oalses au l`klesikjetlva.
Ie vkr`e`k, lssa eoaitkoku kh ta`e e sue vl`e,hksha iïa kstei`a olkitk
`lssa. _kvaoä sk pkrhltlr eoenher sue hkitk oaisolkitk k edusteroah sku oarpa, vaoä
vel eprki`kr quk a sku sufoaisolkitk ìpkrg
ìpkrgkltehkitk
kltehkitk oepez `k sk oahuiloer oah
vaoä.Waoä kstå prkpere`a pere `klxer a sku sufoaisolkitk generoah vaoä1

A Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla

E heiklre hels gåoln quk oaimkêa pere aftk

aftkrrkspastes
rrkspastes `a sku sufoais
sufoaisolkitk
olkitk ì
omehe`a `k tkstk `kKqulnèfrla. Hels ter`k vaoä vel eprki`kr autras hìta`as `ktkstk

6
Vafkrt Grast, epnloe`a olikslanajle4 [h Heiuen `k trkliehkita k nlvra `k rkgkräiole `k
Rrlioèplas fåsloas k pråtloe, (Fkrcknky, OE4 nlvras `k Etnæitloa Iartk,6226),0

5:
hôsouner ikstk nlvra, hes a tkstk `k kqulnèfrlaÌ kxtrkhehkitk slhpnks
slhpnks `k eprki`kr k
iïa rkqukr eedu`e `k ilijuìh, par lssa pa`k skr use`a quei`aWaoä kstå sazlima.
Rere rkenlzer a tkstk `k kqulnèfrla, vaoä `kvk e`ater uhe paslêïa vkrtloen, k
oaigartåvkn. Anaoen `kvk skr treiqulna k nlvrk `k `lstreêûks,lionu
`lstreêûks,lionuli`a
li`a hôsloe k
tknkvlsïa. _krå hels gåolneprki`kr sk kstlvkr sazlima au oah
vaok.(lhejkh `a tkstk `k kqulnlfrla)
enjuìh quk kstk eprki`ki`a duitaoah vaok.(lhejkh
Lsta ì a quk vaoä prkolse gezkr4 Rkrheikokr kh pì oah as pìsskpere`as pkne nerjure
`as ahfras,esslhkste
ane`as._antk kqulnlfre`e
ta`es es sues `k garheoaigartåvkn.Glquk
prkaoupeêûksk qulkta oah es hïas pere
rknexk sku oarpa oahpnktehkitk.Gkomk as
anmas, sk vaoä sk skitlr oaigartåvknpere gezä-na.
Kh pauoas skjui`as, vaoä vel iater quk ì quesk lhpassèvknpkrheikokr
oahpnehkitk qulkta. _ku oarpaWel hu`er sue paslêïa oaitliuehkitk `k heiklre
sutlnkh `lgkrkitks `lrkêûks, kiqueita skus hôsounastrefenmeh pere heitä-na krkta.
Waoä vel iaterquk kstks havlhkitas sïa hulta suevks k iïa kstïa safsku oaitrank
oaisolkitk.Uuei`a
oaisolkitk.Uuei` a vaoä gez uhe li`ejeêïa pasltlve, rken auoaislstkitk, sku oarpa
`kvk oahkêer e feneiêerpere grkitkiatevknhkitk,
grkitkiatevknhkitk, jkrenhkitk kh hkias`kz
skjui`as. Uuei`a vaoä gez uhe li`ejeêïalioaislst
li`ejeêïalioaislstkitk
kitk au gense `kvk feneiêer `k
vante`kitra `e hkshe kstruture.
Eork`lta quk kstk gkiðhkia aoarrk parquk ksteeoastuhe`a e pkrokfkr a
hui`a ea sku rk`ara sku. Epkser quk a ehflkitk quk tk ra`kleoahpnktehk
ra`kleoahpnktehkitk
itk kh
ta`as as hahkitas, par ta`as as ne`as,Waoä kstå eoastuhe`a e nl`er sahkitk oah a
quk kstelhk`letehkitk â sue grkitk e quenqukr hahkita`e`a. Ea `lrljlr uh oerra,
quei`a vaoä gene, quei`aWaoä oahk, quei`a vaoä kstlvkr trefenmei`a kh sue hkse,
vaoä kstå nl`ei`a`k heiklre oaitèiue oah a hui`a â sue grkitk, iïaoah a hui`a
pere trås au pere as ne`as. Uuei`a vaoäWaoä gez quenqukr tlpa `k li`ejeêïa, sku
oarpa pkrokfkKstk pkisehkita
pkisehkita oaha enja qukWaoä tkh quk treter, oaha uh erqulva
ia sku `ksctap au eoahl`e ia sku preta. Ksskiolenhkitk, pa`k pkiser ie li`ejeêïa
quk gkz oaha sk kstlvkssks kh grkitke Waoä, praite pere skr trete`es au praoksse`e.
Uuei`a kstlvkr praita, slhpnkshkitk `lz es penevres"ehar lioai`lolaien". Heitkr
kste gresk kh sue hkitk kPkitk skitlr as skitlhkitas quk kstïa nlje`asoah kste
gresk. kh pauoas listeitks, vaoä `kvk afskrverquk sku oarpa havk-sk pere e grkitk.
Oaha uhpneite quk orksok ie `lrkêïa `e nuz, sku oarpa feneiêerå suevkhkitk kh
`lrkêïa e kikrjle pasltlve`kstk pkisehkita. A havlhkita `k sku oarpa pereten
pkisehkita pa`k skr hels
hels efrupta `a quk jre`uen khenjuis oesas
oesas k pa`k tk
surprkki`kr!
Ejare `klxk sue hkitk kh freioa k `lje e penevre "ÿ`la".tkitk skitlr as
skitlhkitasquk kstïa
kstïa oaikote`as e kstkskitlhkita.
kstkskitlhkita. Oaha quenqukrarjeilsha, lrå
havkr-sk `k uhe garhe eutahåtloepre naijk `a vkikia au sufstæioleprkdu`lolen, sku
oarpasku oarpa `kvkrle egester-sk pre naijk `a pkisehkita `k"ÿ`la". Waoä vel iater
quk sku oarpa,kh `kz skjui`as hels au hkias,vel oahkêer e feneiêer pere tres. Ì
hulta lhparteitk quk Waoä iïatkitk garêer sku oarpa pere e grkitk au pere
trås._lhpnkshkitkk `klxk sku oarpa feneiok sazlima. Waoä kstå `ei`a esku
trås._lhpnkshkit
sufoaisolkitk e prlhklreapartuil`e`k `k gener oaitlja`lrktehkitk k `kvkh skr
gkltes`k heiklre sutln pere hknmarksrksunte`as. Iïa a garok. _krå hels geoln oah
epråtloe.

Ejare geêeiahk
ente, esslh4"Hku uhe li`ejeêïa qukiahkÌ
ì Q". _lh sku vaok sefk quk
a Enkx ì vkr`e`k.
par kxkhpna,`lz sku`lrle4
vaoä iahk kh vaz
"hku

5=
iahk ì Enkx". _kusufoaisolkitk sefk a quk ì vkr`e`klra au lioaislstkitk
lioaislstkitk.Uuei`a
.Uuei`a
vaoä gez uhe li`ejeêïa vkr`e`klre, vel skitlrsku oarpa oahkêe e feneiêer
suevkhkitkpere grkitk, parquk knk ì etreè`a pere a pasltlva,oaislstäitk k vkr`e`k.
Ejare vaoä pa`k kxpkrlhkiter oah uhe li`ejeêïa genseau lioaislstkitk. _k
sku iahk ì Enkx, par kxkhpna,Waoä pa`krle `lzkr4 "hku iahk ì Omrls" au "hku iahk
ìClh". _k vaoä ksoanmkr uh iahk quk iïa ìa sku, sku sufoaisolkitk vel sefkr quk
kste li`ejeêïaÌ lioaislstkitk au gense. [he vkz quk vaoä gkzKste li`ejeêïa, sk vaoä
`klxeroahkêe
oarpa e sue hkitk kh freioa,
efeneiêer skhkh
pere tres autraspkisehk
autraspkisehkitas,
itas,Lsta
pauoas skjui`as. vaoäì `kvk skitlr quk
esslhRarquk skusku
oarpa
iïa sÿ rkpknk as pkisehkitas ikjetlvasoaha "ÿ`la", hes tehfkh quk e
lioaijruäiole k e gensl`e`k ì rkpunslva pere a oarpa k e hkitk.

Heitkime sue hkitk kh freioa

Okrtlglquk-sk `k heitkr sue hkitk kh freioa, skh autraspkisehkitas `kpals

`k gezkr sue li`ejeêïa. _k skus pkisehkit
pkisehkitas
as kstïa vejei`a par eè, vel skr `l
`lgèoln
gèoln pere
a skusufoaisolkitk `ktkrhlier a quk vaoä kstå praourei`a.K sk, par kxkhpna, vaoä
gez uhe li`ejeêïa pasltlveau vkr`e`klra, hes lhk`letehkitk `kpals oahkêe e pkiser
safrk e `lsoussïa quk vaoä tkvk aitkh oah skuoðidujk1 Waoä pravevknhkitk
feneiêerå pere tresRarquk e hkhÿrle `kssk eoaitkolhkita ì ikjetlvek sku oarpa
ieturenhkitk vel pesser naijk `knk.Ì lhparteitk skr peolkitk oaislja hksha. Uuei`a
Waoä eprki`k kstk hìta`a, ia lièola knk pa`k nkver helstkhpa `a quk a kspkre`a,
pere quk sku oarpa feneiêei`a.Iïa tk `kskioarejk sk lssa aoarrkr.
Pkhpa `k rkspaste `a sku oarpa skrå efrkvle`a `kheiklre sljilgloetlve queita hels
vaok pretloer. Rerehultes pkssaes a espkota hels `ksegle`ar `ksk tkstk ì quk as
afrlje e pkr`kr a oaitrankpar enjuis hahkitas k `klxkr sku oarpa geêe aknk qukr
gezkr. Rere enjuis, pkr`kr a oaitrank iïaÌ gåoln. @k quenqukr garhe, kste ì uhe
meflnl`e`k `k slhpnks eprki`lzejkh k tarier-sk kspkolenlste iïa `kvknkver uh naija
tkhpa.
A hels lhparteitk ì heitkr a gaoa iee li`ejeêïa au a pkisehkita quk vaoä
tkhpra`uzl`a. Oaitliuk oah sue hkitk oenhe k pkrhlte quk sku sufoaisolkitk sk
oahuilquk oah vaoä etrevìs `ahkoeilsha `k sku oarpa gèsloa._k par enjuh hatlva
vaoä iïa kstå epta glsloehkitk pere rkenlzer kstk tkstk, iïa sk prkaoupk. Kxlstkh
hultes autres apêûks quk vel skr kxpnloe`a ia oepètuna;.

Pkh uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e1

Ie hahkita quk eork`ltk tkr kitki`l`a, kstepraita pere gezkr a tkstk `k

kqulnèfrla oah fah usa. Geêekste li`ejeêïa4 "Ku tkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e"._ku
oarpa feneiêerå hulta pravåvknhkitk pere grkitk, `ei`a-nmk uhe rkspaste eglrhetlve
qukvaoä tkh pkna hkias uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. _k sku oarpaiïa feneiêer, iïa
eork`ltk quk kste nlvrk `k khaêûkseprlslaie`es. Lsta pa`k sljilgloerquk khaêûks
eprlslaie`es kstïa kitkrre`es uh pauoahels gui`a k `ksoafrl-nes pa`k `kharer uh
pauoa hels`k tkhpa, hes lssa iïa ì uh prafnkhe. Wau kxpnloer oahakioaitrer k
nlfkrer kssk tlpa `k khaêïa eprlslaie`e helså grkitk.
g rkitk.

@a quk kstïa gkltes es khaêïak eprlslaie`es

5<
 Ia uilvkrsa, tu`a ì gklta `k kikrjle, khfare lssapa`k sk heilgkster ie garhe
gèsloe au pkrheikokr
p krheikokrlivlsèvkn.
livlsèvkn. Ì a erreida pertlouner `ksses kikrjlesk sues grkquäioles
`k vlfreêïa kspkoègloes quk `ktkrhlieh oaha knes lrïa sk heilgkster kh iÿs.Ia ièvkn
hels fåsloa, tu`a a quk kxlstk ì gklta `ehkshe oalse4 kikrjle. iïa sÿ vaoä ì gklte`k
kikrjle, hes autres garhes
garhes `k kikrjle kstïaetr
kstïaetrevkssei`a
evkssei`a ta`a a sku oarpa ikstk
hahkita. Akikrjle quk iïa pa`khas vkr, kste kh taria `k iÿs khgarhe `k ai`es
`k rå`la,
Iÿsrelas-x,
sahasligrevkrhknma, ai`es `kpkisehkita
oaha pklxks ie`ei`a `kk khaêûks.
kh uh her `k kikrjle.E kikrjle ì a
hetkrlen `k quk ta`es es oalses sïa gkltes3 kste kh ta`es es oalses k etrevìs`k ta`es
es oalses k prkkiomk a litkrkspeêa `auilvkrsa.
Ra`khas skitlr e kikrjle quei`a kste sk eprkskite khgarhe `k khaêûks. _k
ikjetlves kikrjles khaolaielsgloeh eprlslaie`es kh iassa oarpa, kstes pa`kh egkter-
ias `kheiklre `ksgevaråvkn. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa gkltes `k kikrjle, `e
hkshe garhe quk e kikrjle oaistltuliassas oarpas k ta`a a `khels ia uilvkrsa.

@k ai`k vkh iasses Khaêûks

Hlnmerks `k eias etrås, as eitljas hì`loas gareh estutasafskrve`ark

estutasafskrve`arkss `a
oarpa muheia. Knks `ksoafrlreh qukequknes pkssaes, oudes vl`es gareh `ahlie`espar
uhe khaêïa kh pertlouner, heilgksteveh `akiêesoarrk
`akiêesoarrkspai`kitks.
spai`kitks. Rar kxkhpna,
pkssaes oudes vl`es kreh javkrie`es pkne lre, perkoleh sagrkr oah prafnkhes`a
gèje`a k `e vksèoune. Rkssaes quk
quk pessereh sues vl`es skitli`a
skitli`a eijôstle, hultes vkzks
sagrkh `k prafnkhes `k punhïa k oÿnai. Es pkssaes oah hulta hk`a perkoleh tkr
prafnkhes ias rlis k fkxlje.Kvkituenhkitk, sk gkz uhe oarrkneêïa kitrk es khaêûks
quk kxpkrlhkitehas k vårlas arjïas `a iassa oarpa. Eork`lteve-sk quk as hkshas
ÿrjïas kreh qukh ie vkr`e`k pra`uzle es khaêûks quk es pkssaes skitleh.
Kh autres penevres, sk vaoä skitlr e khaêïa `a hk`a, skurlh au fkxlje kstå
orlei`a ksse kikrjle au vlfreêïa kh pertlouner. _k vaoä skitk eijôstle, kne ì pra`uzl`e
parskus punhûks au sku oÿnai k esslh par `leitk.Onera, ejare sefkhas quk okrtes
årkes `aoìrkfra sïa etlve`es quei`a skitlhas okrteskhaêûk
okrteskhaêûks. s. Pehfìh sefkhas quk
må uh oahpaikitkflaquèhloa `es khaêûks quk skitlhas. @r.Oei`eok Rkrt, kh sku
nlvra hanìounes `e khaêïa (eHanìounes `k khaêïa) kxpnloe onerehkitk
onerehkitk kstk ne`a
flaquèhloa `e iasse ieturkze, a quen ìpkrgklteh kitk venl`a?.
ìpkrgkltehkitk
Må tehfìh uh ne`a kikrjktloa kh iasse ieturkze k kxlstk uh oahpaikitk
`k kikrjle kh iasses khaêûks, quk sÿ ejare kste ski`a kxpnare`a k oarkneolaie`a
pkne oläiole ha`krie.
@kpals `k hulte kxpkrläiole e`qulrl`e ie pråtloeonèiloe, kstau oaivkiol`a `k
quk as ÿrjïas `a oarpa
rkenhkitk pra`uzkh es khaêûks quk iÿs kxpkrlhkitehas. As eitljas hì`loas
ksteveh oarrktas._k vaoä kstlvkr skitli`a uhe khaêïa `k relve, iïa vkh
litklrehkitk `k sku oìrkfra, hes ì rkenhkitk khltl`e pkna sku gèje`a au `e vksèoune.
_k vaoä kstå skitli`ae khaêïa `e trelêïa, e khaêïa kstå ski`a kheie`e `k
skuoareêïa au `a litkstlia `knje`a.

?
Oei`eok F. Rkrt, hanìounes `k khaêïa4 par quk vaoä skitk a quk vaoä skitk, (iave
\arc4 Lhprkise `k pk`re `k taquk, <<:)

62
 Nkhfrk-sk quk gahas eoastuhe`as e pkiser quk a oarpa k e hkitk kstïa
skpere`as k sïa `lstlitas,
`lstlitas, hes sue nlime `lvlsarle gal epeje`e
epeje`e e ten paita quk iïa
sefkhas ai`k e lignuäiole `k uhe oahkêe k eai`k tkrhlie e autre.
Pa`a a sku oarpa ì litknljkitk, iïa epkies e sue hkitk._kus ÿrjïas sïa
litknljkitks, skpere`as `kitra `k sku oarpa rkenlzeh okrtes guiêûks k pra`uzkh
khaêûks kspkoègloes kskitlhkitas.
Es pkssaes
iassa oarpa grkqukitkhkitk,
pra`uzkh sk surprlki`k
es khaêûks quk skitlhas. ea
skitlhas. Iaeprki`kr
kiteita, quk verlas
kxlst
kxlstkh arjïas `a
kh oarrkêûks e
kstk prliolpla ie vl`e quk sïa festeitk `lstlitas, epkser `lssa, ksoepe `e etkiêïa `e
helarle `as hì`loas.

Es Khaêûks eprlslaie`eshe
eprlslaie`eshetereh
tereh e @eie Vkkvk1

Pa`as ias nkhfrehas `e tråjloe nksïa quk `klxau que`rlpnkjloa a etar

Omrlstapmkr Vkkvk. Iÿs gahastaoe`a pkne `kvaêïa liksjatåvkn `e sue kspase @eie,
@ eie,
ias marrarlzehas kias kitrlstkokhas
kitrlstkokhas quei`a kne harrku.Epkies `kz hksks epÿs e
hartk `k sku kspasa kne eiuiolau ea hui`a quk knk sagrle `k oæiokr `k punhïa k sktk
hksks hels ter`k genkoku
genkoku eas 00 eias`k l`e`k. @eie Vk
Vkkvk
kvk kre uhe iïa-guheitk quk
harrku `k oæiokr punhïa k, khfare e sefk`arle oaivkiolaien erjuhkitkquk, sue
hartk aoarrku par skr guheitk pesslva, ku pkis
pkisa
a a oaitrårla. As punhûks pra`uzk
pra`uzkh
he
khaêïa quk omehehas `k eijustle k supkrefui`æiole `k eijôstle okrtehkitk nkverå
â orleêïa `kkhaêûks eprlslaie`es quk grkqukitkhk
grkqukitkhkitk
itk egkteh as arjïas
rkneolaie`as. @eie, pravevknhkitk tlime hatlvas pere kster eijustle`e k ku eoma quk
es khaêûks eprlslaie`es,e eijôstle kitrk autras, gareh pkna hkias perolenhkitk
rkspaisåvkn pkne hartk `kne k tenvkz rkspaisåvkn `k garhe oahpnkte.

A Fäfe`a oah Velve

Autra kxkhpna pa`k skr kioaitre`a saf e garhe `kquk a ånoaan egkte es
pkssaes. Pa`as iÿs sefkhasquk hultes vkzks es pkssaes enoaÿnloes harrkh par
`akiêes mkpetloes. Hes tehfìh sefkhas quk, hultes pkssaes quk fkfkh pa`kh
gloer hulta lrrlte`es au vlankites saf as kgkltas `aånoaan. A ånoaan ì `lsorlhlie`a k
praoksse`a pkna gèje`a k a kxokssa safrkoerrje a gèje`a. Uuei`a safrkoerrkjehas uh
ÿrjïa, lsta lrå pra`uzlr hels khaêïa `a quk ì pradkte`a pere pra`uzlr. A gèje`a
pra`uzskitlhkita `k relve. Kstk ì a hkoeilsha quk hultes vkzks kstå kh
guiolaiehkita quei`a e fkfl`e rksunte kh vlanäiole._k vaoä tkh uh oarpa quk kstå
`akitk, hulta safrkoerrkje`a
safrkoerrkje`a au `kskqulnlfre`a, `k que
quenqukr
nqukr garhe, es khaêûks
rkneolaie`es e kssk arjeilsha oah grkqukiole skre kxeokrfe`as._khprkuhe khaêûks
eprlslaie`es ì kheie`es par uh arjïaarjïa kh pertlouner, skh llhparter
hparter kh quen pertk `a
oarpa quk ksse khaêïa sk enadk .Rar kxkhpna, uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k relve gal
arljlienhkitk khltl`a pkna gèje`a hespa`k gloer nltkrenhkitk enade`e kh quenqukr
pertk `a sku oarpa.
Es oarrkneêûks kitrk as ÿrjïas k iassees khaêûks sïa gesolieitks k
lhparteitkspere kitki`kr
kitki`kr oaha vkr`e`klrehki
vkr`e`klrehkitk tk iassaoarpa guiolaie. Pu`a vel

vanter pere e eitlje ertk `k oure kikrjktloe.

65
 E Hk`lolie kikrjìtloe

E oure Kikrjktloe ì uhe `es pråtloes hels eitljes oaimkol`e ia hui`a `k madk.
@ks`k 0222 E.O., as ourei`klras oahprkki`kre
oahprkki`kreh h quk iasse seô`k `kpki`k
jrei`khkitk `e quenl`e`k `ekikrjle quk olroune k han`e iassas oarpas. IeI e hk`lolie
omlikse, kste kikrjle
kikrjle ì omehe`e `k "Ul" au "Oml"
"Oml".. Ie eitlje Li`le au hk`lolie
eyurvì`loe, kste kikrjlek omehe`a `k "Rreie". As `kskqulnèfrlas `kste pertk`k iasse
kxlstäiole pa`k egkter
Ra`khas pragui`ehkitkiasse
oahperer ksse kikrjle oah seô`k gèsloe k.Iïa
knktrlol`e`k
knktrlol`e`k.Iïa hkiten.
vvkhas
khas e knktrlol`e`k,
hes slh iÿs pa`khas
skitl-ne. E knktrlol`e`k ì lioanar k lia`ara. Ìlivlsèvkn, ia kiteita, ì okrtehkitk
vkr`e`klre. _k enjuhe vkzoanaoau as `k`as kh uhe tahe`e k nkvau uh u h omaquk pere
rktlrer e tarre`e `e tarre`klre, kitïaWaoä sefk a quk qukra `lzkr.` lzkr. Ra`k skr quk vaoä
iïa e vkde hes `kgliltlvehkitk kne kste enl!
Oaha skrks muheias kstehas eoastuhe`aspkrokfkr es oalses `k eoar`a
oahiassas slstkhes `k orkiêes. Iÿs garhehas iasses orkiêes safrk a hui`a gèsloa
kh l`e`k prkoaok.
_efkhas quk, sk oelrhas
oelrhas `a ksoarrkjeie ksoane kkioaitrerkhas
ioaitrerkhas omïa oah uhe `ure
quk`e3 Ia kiteita, iuioe pa`krèehas lhejlier quk teita a omïaoaha a ksoarrkje -
tïa sÿnl`a oaha vkhas -kstïa gkltas `k kikrjle
kikrjle vlfreitk.Ias pa`khas
pa`khas jaster
`kpkiser quk a hui`a quk ias i as ra`kle ì kxetehkitk oaha kstehas eoastuhe`as e
vä-na, hes Klistkli,Pksne k autras hastrereh-ias quk a uilvkrsa ìie vkr`e`k hulta
hels oahpnkxa k herevlnmasa `auhe vkz gahas oepezks `k lhejlier.
A Hui`a `k quæitloa

Nkhfrk-sk quk a vknma `lte`a4 "a oaimkêa teafkh oahae penhe `e hlime
hïa... "." Hes, a quïa fkhoaimkoks e penhe `e sue hïa1
@ä uhe anme`e. _kus anmas vkkh e supkrgèolk `e sue pknk oah rujes, uimes k
pknas pkqukias._efks oaha perkok kxetehkitk e penhe `e sue hïa `kste
pkrspkotlve. Hes sk hejiègloe oah sue hïa saf uhhlorasoÿpla, vaoä iïa vkrå e
hkshe pknk k rujes oaha ksteve gehlnlerlze`a. Rar autra ne`a, vaoä pa`k pkiserquk
kstå anmei`a pere e supkrgèolk `k uh pneikte kstreimaoafkrta oah haitks k
venks.Euhkite a pa`kr `k sku hlorasoÿpla,euhkitei`a a teheima `k sue pknk
62.222 vkzks, k vaoä vkrå uh oehpa omkla`k oìnunes. Euhkiter eli`e hels k vaoä vkrå
es hanìounes.Euhkite
hanìounes.Euhkite ksses hanì
hanìounes
ounes k vkre as ååtahasquk
tahasquk garheh ksses
hanìounes. Euhkite as åtahas kvaoä vkrå iuvkis `k kikrjle sufetðhloe quk
oahpûkhkssks åtahas4 as knìtrais, prÿtais, iäutrais kautres pertèounes
p ertèounes
sufetðhloes. Ì, eli`e, e penhesue hïa, hes iïa sk perkok ie`e â hïa quk vaoä
oaimkok._k vaoä anmer pere kneejare, sue hïa perkok sÿnl`e. Janpke ‟ ne safrk e hkse
k gez uh nli`a rul`a sufsteiolen. _uehïa pa`k perk
perkokr
okr sÿnl`e, hes må uh haitk `k
kspeêa vezlaikne. Ia ièvkn sufetðhloa, kxlstkh jrei`ks`lstæioles kitrk oe`e knìtrai
kh havlhkita. Aas åtahas sïa <<,<<<<<<<<% kspeêa vezla. _ue hïaì a kspeêa vezla
`k <<,<<<<<<<<%! _k vaoä pu`kssk rkhavkrta`a a kspeêa vezla kitrk as åtahas ie
sue hïa,kne skrle tïa pkqukie quk vaoä prkolserle `k uh hlorasoÿplapere vä-ne!
Rretloehkitk `kseperkokrle,
`kseperkokrle, kiqueitatkrle a hksha pksa k a hkshaiôhkra `k

åtahas.

66
 Oahprkki`kr ksse l`kle pa`k nkver enjuh tkhpa. _uehïa perkok sÿnl`e, hes ì
gklte `k kikrjle`liæhloe kh oaisteitk vlfreêïa. Ie vkr`e`k, madk, as hì`loas
kitki`kh quk es omehe`es "pertèounessufetðhloe "quk oahpûkh a åtaha iïa
sïapertèounes rkels pere ie`e. Kh vkz `lssa, hk`kh
h k`kh a oaitkô`a `a åtaha kh
"uil`e`ks `k kikrjle"parquk ì hulta hels prkolsa0.
As Rkisehkitas sïa Kikrjle
Oaha ta`as as autras ia uilvkrsa, as pkisehkitas quk vaoä eork`ltesïa gkltas
`k kikrjle.
E kikrjle-pkisehlkita iïa tkh nlhltk. _kupkisehkitas iïa sk nlhlteh e uh
okrtavanuhk k naoenlzeêïa oaha sku oarpa gèsloa.
Kiqueita iÿs jastehas `k pkiser quk ta`as as iassaspkisehkitas
ligkrlarkssïa prlve`as k quk kstïa oaiglie`a kh iasses oefkêes, lssa iïa
ìvkr`e`k.Oe`e uh `k iÿs ì oaha uhe ksteêïa `krå`la, oaisteitkhkitk khltli`a
kikrjle `kiassaspkisehkitas
`kiassaspkisehkitas quk kheie `k iÿs k kiomke vestl`ïa `a kspeêa,
taoei`a e ta`as as quk kstïa ea iassa rk`ar, pere a fkh au pere a hen.Lssa
hen.Lssa iïa
sljilgloe quk pa`khas nkr e hkitk `es ` es autrases pkssaes, hes a pa`kr `as
pkisehkitas `k autres pkssaes ì `ktkote`a må okrta paita e ièvkn sufoaisolkitk.
Prete `k anmer etkiolasehkitk pereeiuoe `k enjuìh ia hkla `e huntl`ïa k
likvltevknhkitkknee lre vlrer - sk k iïa vel `kharer hulta anmere`lrktehkitk pere vaoä.
likvltevknhkitkkn
Hultas `k iÿs tlvkhaskste kxpkrläiole k sk vaoä iïa fkfku, kxpkrlhkitå-na._khprk
guiolaie!
Pa`as kstehas Oaikote`as
E rkenl`e`k ì quk ta`e e gehènle muheie ì oaikote`e kikrjktlo
kikrjktloehkitk.
ehkitk.
Uuei`a es pkssaessagrkh k harrkh `a autra ne`a `a pneikte, ias skitlhase ièvkn
sufoaisolkitk skus jrltas k ejaile `lsteitk k iÿs afsourkokhas par lssa. Uuei`a enja
tråjloa aoarrk ia hui`a, a hui`a litklra pkrokfklioaisolkitk
pkrokfklioaisolkitkhkitk
hkitk k ì egkte`e par
knk. Rar autrane`a, quei`a oalses herevlnmases eoaitkokh iÿs ias
efrlnmeitehasta`as duitas.
E oaikotlvl`e`k quk ta`as iÿs tkhas grkqukitkhk
grkqukitkhkitkitk sk heilgkste oaha
pkisehkitas sutls, seli`aâ taie `a ièvkn sufoaisolkitk pere iasses hkitks
oaisolkitks.
Kste oaikxïa perkok hels gartk kitrkhïk k glnmas. Es hïks perkokh
grkqukitkhkitk
grkqukitkhki tk skrkh oepezks `kskitlr quei`a uh `as skus glnmas kstå kh
epuras.Omehehas lssa `k litulêïa hetkrhetkrie
ie k hlime prÿprle hïkkre uhe kspkkspkolenlste
olenlste
ilssa. Iasse oaikxïa oah iasses prÿprles hïks ì tenvkz eli`e hels gartk `kvl`a
eaoar`ïa uhflnloen ksplrltuen quk ias uik e knes.
A kxkhpna hels pa`krasa `kste oaikxïa kikrjìtloe eoaitkoku oah uhe `es
hlimes peolkitks må enjuis eias.[he ialtk, kne ksteve skite`e kh oese
vki`atknkvlsïa oah a herl`a. @k rkpkitk, oahkêau ekxpkrlhkiter `ar litkise oaha
janpks kh ta`as asku oarpa quk likxpnloevknhkitk havle ‟ sk `k uhårke pere autre.
E vlanäiole `kstk etequk rkpkitlia galetkrrarlzeit
galetkrrarlzeitkk k q
quei`a
uei`a tkrhliau skitlu-sk
kxtrkhehkitkenlvle`e,
kxtrkhehkitk enlvle`e, hes kxeuste k essuste`e. Iuioe eitks tlime kxpkrlhkite`a
enja esslh k iïa tlime l`klea quk tlime oarrl`a, `k rkpkitkkh sku oarpa._ues
tkitetlves `k kxpnloer kssk flzerra k mk`lai`a etequk`ksoaiokrtereh e ta`as, etì
hksha e skus hì`loas.

0
Lseeo Eslhav, Etah4 vlejkh etrevìs `a oashas sufetðhloa (Ikw \arc4 Rkjuli Faacs K[E Lio., 5<<6)), ;7

6?
 Präs `les `kpals, kne rkokfku uhe nljeêïa `k sku glnma,quk trefenmeve ies
Glnlplies. Knk nljau `kuhe oehe `k masplten k nmk `lssk quk knk tlime sl`as kvkrehkitk
kspeioe`a pkne panèole naoen enjuis `les eitks.Uuei`a oahperereh a tkhpa quk kh
quk aoarrku a kspeioehkita oah sue kxpkrläiol
kxpkrläiole,
e, kssk gal a hksha. @k enjuhe
garhe,kne ksteve nlje`e a festeitk oah sku glnma,oaha pere nltkrenhkitk "slitlr e sue
`ar". Rar gener kh litulêïa hetkrie!
As Rkisehkitas sïa Ra`krasas
_kus pkisehkitas sïa lhkisehkitk pa`krasas. Oe`ehahkita kh quk vaoä
`lz a quk vaoä pkise au ksorkvk enja, utlnlze e kikrjle `k skus pkisehkitas pere
egkter a hui`aquk tk ra`kle. Ì etrevìs `a pkisehkita, orkiêek litkiêïa `k quk
ta`es es oalses aoarrkh._krles Kxpkrläioles nefaretarlels täh hastre`a rkpktl`ehkitk
quk as pkisehkitas lignukioleh `lrktehkit
`lrktehkitkk e texe `k orksolhkitakh pneites,
guijas k feotìrles. Zlnnleh Plnnkr, uh Hì`loa `e [ilvkrsl`e`k `k _teigar`, må
`khaistre`a quk pkisehkitas pa`kh egkter listruhkitas knkotrailoas;.
Kstu`as täh hastre`a quk, quei`a e kikrjle ì `lrljl`e litkiolaienhkitk,
pa`k lhpeoter e autras, iïa
iïa lhparte sk knks kstïa pkrt
pkrtaa au kh enjuh nujeria
hui`a.
@kpki`ki`a e pkssae pa`k oaiokitrer apkisehkita usei`a lhejkis oenhe
au eoknkre`es,par kxkhpna, vaoä pa`k orler uhe skiseêïa helar `krknexehkita au
eislk`e`k ie pkssae quk ì a sku afdktlva.
A kgklta ì tïa `lstlita quk pa`k skr hk`l`a kh uh nefaretÿrla `k rkspaste
jenvæiloe `e pknk,uh hìta`a entehkitk skisèvkn quk hk`k es hu`eiêesknìtrlo
hu`eiêesknìtrloee ie
7
pknk .
Lhejlik oaha skus prÿprlas pkisehkitas tk egkteh. Pa`a hui`a tkh enjuh
tlpa `k oaivkrse litkrie âs vkzks. A quk vaoä `lz e sl hksha1
Hultes pkssaes orltloeh-sk hulta hels vkzks `a quk sk knajleh. E ikjetlve euta
oaivkrse pa`k kster tk `eilgloei`a hels `a quk lhejlie.
A quk eoaitkok oah es pkssaes e sue vante1 Då sk pkrjuitau sk as autras
pa`kh pkrokfkr a quk skitk par knks1 A sufoaisolkitk `as autras kstïa
oaitliuehkitk skitli`a es vlfreêûks `a skus pkisehkitas. Enjuhe vkz då eoaitkoku
oah uh ehlja, quk knk au kne `lssk kxetehkitk a quk vaoä ksteve pkisei`a1
Enjuhe vkz saufk listlitlvehkitk qukh ksteve nljei`a, eitks `a hksha `a
tknkgaik taoer1
Kstks iïa sïa oaliol`äio
oaliol`äioles,
les, hes kvl`kioles `e patäiole `e kikrjle `a
pkisehkita.
Kioaitrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es usei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks kstå kh
oaisaiæiole oah a `ktkoter `e vlfreêïa `as pkisehkitas au skitlhkitas `k autre
pkssae. E `lgkrkiêe ì quk vaoä pa`k pk`lr pere a oarpa k rkenhkitk aftkr rkspastes
`kgliltlves,kh vkz `k supaslêûks. Kh skjul`e, vaoä pa`k nlfkrer es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es pere a fkh k sefkr oah skjureiêe sk gareh knlhlie`es `k heiklre
pkrheikitk.
_krki`lple x Rrkolsïa

;
Zlnnleh E. Plnnkr, Zentkr K. @lffnk, Dr. k Hlomekn D. Cameik, oaisolkitk `k etas `k
orleêïa4 a surjlhkita `k uhe iave gèsloe (Zeniut Orkkc, OE4 Revlar Rufnlsmlij, 6225),5.
7 7 Zlnnleh e. Plnnkr, oläiole k treisgarheêïa muheie4 kikrjles sutls, litkiolaienl`e`k k oaisoläiole (Zeniut Orkkc, OE4 Revlar
Rufnlsmlij, 5<<:),50.

60
 Uuenqukr praglsslaien `k seô`k entkrietlve pa`k `lzkr quk quesk ta`as nkveh
ies oastes eitljes kikrjles khaolaiels `k sku pesse`a. Iassa oarpa gèsloas oaiskrve
khaêûks prlslaie`es k as hì`loa oaha as trefenme`arks `a oarpa kstïa olkitks `kstk,
parquk hultes vkzks e uh slhpnks taquk pa`k trezkr uhe eveneiomk `k khaêûks k
hkhÿrles kh uh peolkitk.
Kh enjuh hahkita au autra, pretloehkitk ta`a as praglsslaiels quk
oaimkêa... `ks`k Uulraprexlste, e trefenme`arks `k kikrjle k hessatkrepkutes-tlvkreh
e kxpkrläiole `k pravaoer e uh peolkitk uhe nlfkreêïa khaolaien likspkre`e ia
hahkita kh quk a oarpa nlfkrau e kikrjle quk ksteve prkskrvei`a. E nlfkreêïa
`kstes khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`k rksunter kh uhe oure pragui`e k lhk`lete.
Kiqueita quenqukr nlfkreêïa khaolaien quk aoarrki `kste garhe likspkre`e ì
fkh-vli`e, iïa ì kh jkren e litkiêïa `a tkrepkute k quenqukr nlfkreêïa khaolaien
quk aoarre ì epkies eol`kiten. A gaoa `a oÿ`lja `e khaêïa, ia kiteita, k hulta hels
`knlfkre`a. Âs vkzks pkisa ilsta oaha"olrurjle khaolaien" parquk praourehas
khaêûkseprlslaie`ess oah e onere litkiêïa `k rkhavä-nas. Ie`e aoarrk par ezer.
khaêûkseprlslaie`e
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa patkiolenhkitk tïa `kstrutlves quk vaoä prkolse
kioaitrå-nask rkhavä-nas `a sku oarpa k kh skjul`e oaiglrher sk gareh nlfkre`es. A
oÿ`lja `e khaêïa edu`e e gezkr kxetehkitk lssa `k uhe garhe slhpnks k prkolse.

Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k es orleiêes

Ku tkima `als glnmas jähkas quk, ia hahkita `k ksorkvkr kstk tkxta, knks tkh
`kzalta eias `k l`e`k. [he `k hlimes prlhklres kxpkrläioles oah khaêûks
eprlslaie`es aoarrku oah hku glnma Vmktt quei`a kre pkqukia. Vmktt k @rkw sïa
jähkas k sïa tïa `lgkrkitks oaha ejue k ezkltk. @rkw gal skhprk hulta oerlimasa
oah hlime kspase oaha oahlja. Vmktt gal hulta oerlimase oah hlime kspase Dkei
Hes `kskivanvl`a okrte rkdklêïa kh rkneêïa hlh, hels au hkias eas träs eias.
Uuei`a tkiteve efreêå-na au epraxlher-sk au eli`e pkje-na ia oana, knk oarrle k hk
`lzle4 "Hì`loa hen! Egestk-sk! "." Ia lièola pkisehas quk Knk ksteve epkies pessei`a
par enjuh tlpa `k pkrèa`a. Rkisehas quk oah a pesser `a tkhpa knk lrle ssk `ksgezkr
`as skus skitlhkitas ikjetlvas kh rkneêïa e hlh,parkh as hksha pkrslstlreh par
hels `k uh eia. kre uhe gaitk `k `ar k grustre
grustreêïa
êïa pere hlh. Iïa kitki`le parpar quk
hku pkqukia glnma skitle lssa par hlh.
[he ter`k, Dkei k ku ksteve skite`a k genei`a duitas. Vmktt ksteve skite`a ie
sele `k Dkei. Ku efrl as efreêas pere nmk `er uh efreêa k knk rkejlu `e hkshe garhe
quk eitks, oarrki`a k `lzki`a-hk4"Hì`loa hen! Egestk-sk! "." @kste vkz skitl-hk
rkenhkitk hen. Ku pa`le skitlr e `ar quk kheie `a hku pklta k skitl oaha sk gassk
omarer. Hlime kspase `lssk4 "vaoä sefk, tenvkz tkime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e".
Etì kitïa knk sÿ tlime `lsoutl`a par khaêûks eprlslaie`es e`untas. @kol`lhas
omkoer k vkr. [sei`a a oÿ`lja `e khaêïa kioaitrehas quk slh, tlime uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e. E khaêïa kre eijôstle3 Hes iïa gal sue eijôstle par hlh, hes ie
vkr`e`k hlime eijôstle par knk. Kh autres penevres, kh enjuh hahkita knk pkrokfku
quk ku skitl eijôstle pere knk. Knk skitlu lssa gartk a suglolkitk pere orler uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e kh sku oarpa. E omkoejkh hastrau quk kste khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e
quei`a hlime glnme hels vknme k ku tlvkhas uhe `lsoussïa quk Vmktt tkstkhuimau.
Epkser `k ku iïa kster lrrlte`a oah knk, pkrokfku e eijustle quk ku ksteve

kxpkrlhkitei`a par kne k knk epnloau e sl prÿprla.

6;
 Iÿs nlfkrehas e eijôstle eprlslaie`e k, pere hlime surprkse, Knk oehlimau ie
hlime `lrkêïa k hk efreêau. Kiqueita omareve k skjureve hku pkqukia glnma, ku
ksteve surprksa k eilhe`a ea hksha tkhpa. _k hku glnma pa`krle tkr hu`e`a tïa
listeiteikehkitk
listeiteikehk itk oah e rkhaêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, kitïa queites
orleiêes pa`krleh skr edu`e`es1
Glnme `a plnata
Ia `le skjulitk ie hlime onèiloe, ku ksteve genei`a oah uh peolkitk safrk a
quk tlime eoaitkol`a oah Vmktt. Kne `lssk4 "vaoä sefk, ku eoma quk hlime glnmlime
pa`krle tkr uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Hku herl`a ì plnata `k evlïa k ta`e skheie knk
pesse vårlas `les oaiskoutlvas trefenmei`a k quei`a vante iasse glnme `k skls eias
oarrk k ksoai`k-sk `knk. Kne iïa qukr gezkr ie`e oah knk, quei`a knk rktarie pere
oese `k sues vlejkis k lsta `kstrakh sku oareêïa".
Ia `le skjulitk, knk trauxk sue glnme
g lnme pere a hku oaisutarla.
Kioaitrkl quk slh tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e par sku pel. Ikstk oesa, e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre `ar. Gal sue prÿprle `ar pknes l`es k eusäioles `a sku pel par
naijas pkrèa`as `k tkhpa. Kh enjuh hahkita, e `ar gal tïa gartk quk kne
`kskqulnlfrau a oarpa `kne k gal eprlslaie`e e khaêïa. Kste kikrjle khaolaien ksteve
kxkroki`a uh gartlsslha kgklta sufoaisolkitk k ksteve lignukioler a sku
oahpartehkita kh rkneêïa e knk. Nlfkrehas e khaêïa k knes gareh pere oese.
Ie skheie skjulitk, e hïk rktariau ea oaisutarla k `lssk4 "@autar Iknsai,
sku tretehkita khaolaien rkenhkitk guiolaie. Hku herl`a tlime vlede`a quei`a vlh
equl k hlime glnme rkokfku tretehkit
tretehkita.
a. Enjuis `les etrås hku herl`a vantau pere oese
`a kxtkrlar k quei`a efrlu e parte `k iasse pkqukie glnme, oarrku k punau kh skus
freêas. Kne iuioe gkz lssa, dåhels! Knk kstå kugarloa! Hulta afrlje`a".
@rkw k sku perta treuhetloa
A tkhpa kh quk iassas
i assas jähkas tlime quetra eias Vmktt pa`le sk kxprksser
hulta fkh k ksteve hulta geneitk. @rkw kre kxetehkitk a quk apasta, `k ten garhe
quk hlime kspase k ku oahkêehas e ias prkaouper. Eas quetra eias, @rkw eli`e iïa
`lzle es areêûks, rerehkitk `lzle uhe penevre k quei`a oahkêeve e gener, oah
grkqukiole tepeve e faoe oah e hïa, oaha sk tlvkssk hk`a `k `lzkr enja.
Rerkoku-hk tkhkrasa kh jkren. Uuei`a lehas må plsolie `a felrra, Vmktt
hkrjunmeve k @rkw pkrheikole ie far`e, anmei`a eislasa. Kre hulta oeutknasa pere e
kxpkrlhkitk oalses iaves. Enìh `lssa, kre oneustragÿfloa. _k sele pere frlioer k e parte
gkomessk etrås `knk, kitreve kh pæiloa k jrlteve.
Pkstks psloanÿjloas hastreh quk @rkw tlime uh enta oakglolkitk litknkot
litknkotuen,
uen,
hes gal `kskivanvki`a ie hksha texe texe `k pe`rïa kh rkneêï
rkneêïa
a eas jeratas `k sue
l`e`k. Pkstks `k eu`lêïa hastrereh quk a `knk ksteve iarhen. Rerkole iïa mevkr
kxpnloeêïa pere a quk ksteve eoaitkoki`a oah a @rkw.
@kpals `k iasse kxpkrläiole oah Vmktt, `kol`lhas vkrosk @rkw tkrle khaêûks
eprlslaie`es, skh ias `er oaite quk knes kreh e vkr`e`klre oeuse `as skus prafnkhes.
Uuei`a iÿs a kxehliehas, kh skjul`e kioaitreh
kioaitrehas
as uhiôhkra `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es quk gareh a rksunte`a `es sltueêûks treuhåtloes quk tlimeh eoaitkol`a
ia `le quk iesoku k pauoa tkhpa `kpals.
A trefenma `k perta `k Dkei tlimeh sl`a hulta naija, vlitk k `ues mares ia
taten. Vmktt iesoku prlhklra. Kre nli`a k gknlz k lhk`letehkitk e`arhkoku. @rkw

iesoku 50 hliutasiïa
vkr`e`klrehkitk hels ter`kfkh.
hulta
hulta k selu
[heoleiÿtloa
kqulpkkhì`lo
skh garêes,
hì`loea vki`a-sk
ea okroereh lhk`lete
lhk`letehkitk.
hkitk.

67
Iïa ksteve hulta onera sk knk ejukiterle. _ue sltueêïa kre orètloe. Vkoupkrau-sk, hes
as skjulitks 52 `les hels au hkias oaitliuereh e skr hulta treuhåtloa. Iÿs nkvehas
as jkhkas pere oese quei`a knks tlimeh enjuis `les, hes @rkw tkvk quk skr litkrie`a
ia masplten iavehkitk pere kxehlier a quk ksteve krre`a. iïa pa`le rktkr ie`e `a
nkltk hetkria k gal pkr`ki`a pksa repl`ehkitk. @lsskre
@lsskreh-ias
h-ias quk mevle pkja uhe
ligkoêïa quk oanaoe kh rlsoa e sue vl`e `ureitk skus prlhklras `les. As hì`loas
tlvkreh `k gezkr uhe puiêïa nahfer kh sku pkqukia oarpa k `er eitlflÿtloas
litrevkiasas pere senver vl`e `knk.
Ea oaitrårla `k iassas `kskdas,
`kskdas, Dkei k ku ias ar`kiereh quk selsskhas
selsskhas gare
`e sene quei`a a praok`lhkita oahkêau. Iÿs iïa oaiskjulhas oaisanå-na `k
ikimuhe garhe k pa`lehas auvlr, skh pa`kr gezkr ie`e, oaha @rkw jrlteve
epevare`a, kiqueita knks tkitereh rkpktl`ehkitk liskrêïa `k ejunmes kh sues
pkqukies vkles k ie sue ksplime.
Iÿs hkshas iïa `khas kigesk safrk es kxpkrläioles
kxpkrläioles treuhå
treuhåtloes
tloes `k @rkw k
iuioe genehas `kssks eoaitkolhkitas oah knk quei`a pkqukia. Kre hulta trlstk pre
iÿs sÿ `k rknkhfrer a geta.
Uuetra eias hels ter`k, teita queita sefkhas, knk tlime iïa nkhfreve `kstks
eoaitkolhkitas, hes tkvk hulta hk`a `k hultes oalses.
[he par uhe, kioaitrehas k nlfkrer
nlfkrerehas
ehas es khaêûks eprlsl
eprlslaie`es
aie`es quk
ksteveh rkneolaie`as oah kstks kvkitas treuhåtloas. Iÿs kståvehas lhprksslaie`a
oah a quk @rkw tlime pkrokfl`a ski`a uh fkfä k quïa pragui`a a mevle heroe`a
khaolaienhkitk. Knk pravevknhkitk
pravevknhkitk kspkreve quk e omkje`e e kstk hui`a gassk
herevlnmase. Rar autra ne`a knk oelu kh uhe sltueêïa kxtrkhehkitk `anarase quk hen
pa`le nl`er. Gal oaha iesokr ia ligkria. Oaha pa`kh lhejlier, knk tlime es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `k hk`a, tkhar k efei`aia. _kh `ôvl`e kstks gareh as skitlhkitas
kxetas quk knk tlime `ureitk as praok`lhkitas ie sene `k khkrjäiole tïa `lgèokls `k
suparter pere ta`as.
@rkw tehfìh `kskivanvku e khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k pæiloa ia ôtkra,
kiqueita kspkreve ie glne etrås `k sku lrhïa rknuteitk, quk iïa tkvk prkêe par `klxer
e sue oese ksoure k oaigartåvkn. Kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k pæiloa `khastrau skr e
rezïa par trås `k sue gafle.
Enìh `lssa, knk tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k lre quk tlime mkr`e`a `k sku
evð. Gal rkenhkitk kste lre mkr`e`e quk a gkz rknuteitk kh gener. Plime hk`a `k
heomuoer enjuìh oah sues penevres, quk kxpnloereh a parquä skhprk tepeve e faoe
quei`a geneve. Iÿs nlfkrehas ta`es ksses khaêûks eprlslaie`es k ias rktlrehas ikste
ialtk.
Ie heimï skjulitk ia oegì `e heimï, iïa pa`èehas eork`lter ie `lgkrkiêe!
@rkw kre oaha uh pkqukia tejerkne. @k rkpkitk k pkne prlhklre vkz kh sue vl`e, knk
ksteve e `lzkr gresks oahpnktes. _kh khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk a heitlvkreh
eherre`as eas treuhes `a pesse`a, knk pa`k santer skus hk`as. _ue oneustragafle
`kseperkoku duitehkitk oah sue etltu`k tkhkrase. Ksteve nlvrk pere tarier-sk
eilhe`a, enkjrk k hulta ourlasa.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa oahuis
Iïa ì passèvkn rkenhkitk sefkr ea anmer pere uhe pkssae sk kne tkh khaêûks
eprlslaie`es, hes quesk ta`es es pkssaes täh. @ureitk hkus eias `k kxpkrläiole, kre

rera quk uh
peolkitk kh peolkitk
pertlounertlvkssk khaêûks
quk ksteve iksteeprlasaie`es iïamahkh
oetkjarle. Kstk `lsokrièvkls.
pesseveNkhfra `k uh

6:
hulta tkhpa hk`ltei`a k hk surprkki`k
surprkki`ku u par skr uhe pkssae oenhe, ehåvkn k
lhpkrtufåvkn, quk tlime hulta oaitrank `k sues khaêûks. @lssk "ia oaitrank `k sues
khaêûks‘ 1 Generkhas hels safrk kstk tkhe ia oepètuna `kz, e glh `k kvlter khaêûks
eprlslaie`es ia gutura.
E jrei`k helarle `k iÿs tkhas khaêûks eprlslaie`es, slhpnkshkitk
slhpnkshkitk pkna
quk tkhas etrevksse`a k pkna quk sahas ikssk hahkita kh iasse vledkh.
Hultes vkzks, quei`a enjuìh pessau par uh kvkita treuhåtloa au litkisehkitk
khaolaien - tels oaha4 uh eol`kitk `k oerra, uhe frlje au uh `lvÿrola - tkrå kikrjle
khaolaien eprlslaie`e par oeuse `knks. Ia kiteita, ikh ta`as as eoaitkolhkitas
khaolaiels orlerïa uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. A oarpa kstå pradkte`a pere kigrkiter e
kikrjle khaolaien ia oursa iarhen `as eoaitkolhkit
eoaitkolhkitas.
as. Kitïa, quei`a uhe khaêïa ì
eprlslaie`e , ì kh pertk `kvl`a e olrouistæioles etkiueitks - par kxkhpna, quei`a
felxehas e juer`e(au
juer`e(au lhuil`e`k, vkrlgloer) au quei`a kstehas hulta oeise`as au
liståvkls. Uuei`a iassas oarpas iïa kstïa kh sku hknmar hahkita sahas hels
vunikråvkls e `kskivanvkr khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
E rkssaiæiole `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
Oe`e khaêïa kstå prkse kh uh naoen kspkoègloa `a oarpa,vlfrei`a kh sue
prÿprle
grkquäiole. Kh uh ourta pkrèa`a `k tkhpa, ksse vlfreêïa gerå oah quk as tkol`as
olroui`eitks vlfrkh ikste hkshe grkquäiole. Omehehas kssk gkiðhkia `k
rkssaiæiole.
Kh hkus skhliårlas, usa `lepesûks pere `khaistrer `k heiklre pa`krase quk
a iassa uilvkrsa rkspai`k e rkssaiæiole. [h `k hkus `lepesûks vlfre e ;56 M6. A
sah quk pra`uz ì hulta eju`a. As `kitks `a autra `lepesïa sïa `k teheimas
`lgkrkitks. Kssk `lepesïa
`lepesïa vlfre e 56= M6 k gez uh sah hulta hels felxa.
_k oanaoerhas kh uhe sene uhe queitl`e`k quenqukr `k `lepesûks `k
teheimas `lgkrkitks k janpkerhas uh `knks, as autras `lepesûks `kste grkquäiole kh
pertlouner oahkêerïa e vlfrer nljklrehkitk. _k `ktìh a sah pravkilkitk `a `lepesïa
quk janpkestk, ta`as as autras oaitliuerïa vlfrei`a. Iïa ì par ikimuhe eglil`e`k
ieturen kitrk as `lepesûks. Kste ì e heiklre kh quk guiolaie a iassa uilvkrsa.
_k janpkle uh `lepesïa k a oanaoe oaitre uh pelikn `k vl`ra, a vl`ra oahkêerå
e vlfrer ie hkshe grkquäiole. Lssa sk `kvk e quk a `lepesïa garêe e kikrjle quk
oanaoe a vl`ra kh havlhkita ‟ kh sliorailzeêïa oah sue prÿprle vlfreêïa. Uuei`a
tkis uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, `k enjuhe heiklre ì oaha tkr uh `lepesïa kh tku
oarpa quk kstå vlfrei`a oaitliuehkitk ie grkquäiole kspkolgèoe `k uhe khaêïa
ikjetlve. @ksegartuie`ehkitk,
@ksegartuie`ehkitk, lssa pa`k trezkr e sue vl`e hels `kste khaêïa kh
pertlouner.
Enjuhe vkz må vlsta enjuìh ikrvasa oaitejle
oaitejlerr e hkshe khaêïa e ta`as kkh
h
uhe sene omkle `k jkitk1
jkitk1 Penvkz vaoä kstkde kspkrei`a
kspkrei`a treiqulnehkitk kkhh uh
oaisuntÿrla hì`loa duita e vårles pkssaes quk kstïa nki`a treiqulnehkitk uhes
rkvlstes, quei`a kitre uh peolkitk lrrlte`a. Oahkêe e oehlimer ea rk`ar `e sene
rkoarrki`a rkvlstes, naja e oanaoe iavehkitk kh sku nujer. Gene oah e rkokpolailste
kh uh tah lrrlte`a.
_ue nlijuejkh oarparen heilgkste sku muhar parìh a kgklta livlsèvkn ì hels
pa`krasa.

Wlfreêûks ikjetlves

6=
 _k tkis uhe khpêïa eprlslaie`e, etrelrå hels `kste khaêïa pere e sue vl`e. K
hels, e tki`äiole ì skitlr ksse khaêïa oah hels geolnl`e`k k hels grkqukitkhkitk `a
quk sk gassk `k autra ha`a.
Ra`k lhejlier e uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e oaha sk gassk uhe fane `k kikrjle
par quk ì kxetehkitk lssa. Pkh uh teheima k uhe garhe hksha quk skdeh livlsèvkls
k gkltes sahkitk `k kikrjle. Kh jkren pa`kh verler kh teheima, `k uhe nereide e uh
hknïa.
E Kikrjle khaolaien eprlslaie`e skhprk
skhprk sk enade kh enjuh nujer ia oarpa
glsèoa k as tkol`as `a oarpa
oarpa quk sk kioaitreh `kitra `ksse ksgkre tki`krïa e kitrer kitrer
kh rkssaiæiole oah e kikrjle vlfreolaien `e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Kh autres penvres
kssks tkol`as ksterïa kh rkenl`e`k
rken l`e`k kxpkrlhkitei`a oaitliuehkitk ksse vlfreêïa
khaolaien.
_upaimehas quk tkis uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k lre. E tkh nkve nkv e`a oaislja
par eias, skh sk qukr
q ukr sefkr quk ksteve enl. Oaha rksunte`a, oe`e vkz quk tk kioaitres
kh uhe sltueêïa ai`k pa`krle lrrlter-sk hulta, ì hulta hels pravåvkn quk tk lrrltks,
parquk `k uhe heiklre gesolieitk k nltkren uhe pertk sue då kstå lrrlte`e.
_k pertk `a sku oarpa då kstå vlfrei`a ie grkquäiole `e lre `kvl`a e uhe
khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì hulta hels gåoln pere ta`a sku oarpa kitrer kh rkssaiæiole oah
e lre quei`a enja suok`k
suok`k pravaoei`a kh tl uhe rkspaste lrrlte
lrrlte`e.
`e.
Es vkzks es pkssaes iïa kitki`kh par quk sk lioaha`eh oah teite geolnl`e`k
au par quk iïa pa`kh sk nlvrer `k `ktkrhlie`es khaêûk
khaêûks. s. Lsta sk `kvk jkrenhkitk
parquk ksse hkshe khaêïa oaitre quen kstïa nutei`a kstå eprlslaie`e `kitra `knks, `k nks,
`ks`k uhe kxpkrläiole pesse`e quk hen pa`leh rkoar`er.
Rar kste rezïa quei`a sk nlfkreh `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es, a kgklta ì
lioahperåvkn e quenqukr autre garhe `k tkreple. Grkqukitkhkitk, e khaêïa k a
oahpartehkita quk må sl`a tïa `lgèoln `k nlfkrer, slhpnkshkitk `kseperk
`kseperkok.ok.
Ra`k perkokr `khels slhpnkshkitk eork`lter, hes uhe vkz quk a kxpkrlhkitk,
a kitki`krås. Etì quk nlfkrks sues kikrjles eprlslaie`es oaitliuerå trefenmei`a saf
sku pksa .
Narl k e Nè`kr `k Parol`e
Ku vl kstk gkiðhkia kh liôhkres
li ôhkres aoeslûks, hes e kxpkrläiole `k uh peolkitk
kh pertlouner edu`erå e lnustrå-na. Narl tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k
rksskitlhkita. Uuei`a glz uh skjulhk
skjulhkita
ita ia tkhpa `k quei`a aoarrk
aoarrku u
arljlienhkitk, `ksoafrl quk mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`e ia kislia hì`la k quk kre kh
rkenl`e`k a rksskitlhkita par autre hunmkr, ikstk hahkita, Narl `lssk 4 „ Fah, oah
okrtkze. _kl kxetehkitk `a quk sk trete lssa‘. Kxpnloau quk mevle uhe davkh kh
pertlouner ie kqulpk `k nè`kr `k tarol`e quk slhpnkshkitk iïa tankreve. Rknes rezûks
quk gasskh skitlu hulta rksskitlhkita par kste davkh `ureitk ta`a a kislia hì`la.
A rksskitlhkita rkenhkitk iuioe sk gal, då quk mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`a ia oarpa `k
Narl.
Narl `lssk 4 „_efk, eli`e slita hulta rksskitlhkita par kne. Ì kstreima,
supaima. Etuenhkitk tkimatkima 0? eias. A kislia hì`la gal må hul hulta
ta tkhpa. @kvks
pkiser quk ku `kvkrle ksqukokr-hk `kne, hes ì oaha sk iïa pu`kssk santå-ne. Iïa
vantkl e vä-ne `ks`k a kislia hì`la,
hì`la, hes oe`e vkz quk pkisa ikne ikne slhpnkshkit
slhpnkshkitkk passa
skitlr a rksskitlhkita hk live`li`a k slita ta`a kssk rksskitlhkita
rksskitlhkita ta`a par kne

iavehkitk‘.

6<
 Kxpnlqukl e Narl oaha uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e pa`k gezkr oah quk sk tarik
hulta hels `lgloèn santer oalses quk prkgkrèehas ksqukokr. [tlnlzei`a uh lhï nlfkrehas
e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kh pauoas skjui`as k kne sk gal `a oaisuntÿrla. Wantkl e vä-ne
`kpals `k uis `les k Narl `lssk 4 „@r. Iknsai, guiolaiau! E ialtk ku ksteve genei`a oah
uhe vknme ehlje k surjlu a iahk `ksse davkh. Rkne prlhklre vkz `ks`k a kislia
hì`la iïa skitl ie`e! Iarhenhkitk tkrle skitl`a kssk rksskitlhkita par kne, hes
iïa skitl ie`e! Lssa ì jrei`lasa. Afrlje`e!‘.
A prafnkhe `k lrrlteflnl`e`k `k Clrc `ureitk ta`e sue vl`e
Clrc kre uh mahkh hen-muhare`a. Wkla hk vkr quei`a tlime quesk altkite
eias pere treter-sk `k sue `ar ies oastes. Rraita, kre kvl`kitk quk mevle enja hels
quk a lioaha`eve. Geneve frusoeh
frusoehkitk
kitk oah a pkssaen `a hk hkuu oaisuntÿrla k
oastuheve skr oarteitk oahlja tehfìh. Kre `ks`kimasa oah sue kspase, quk skhprk
a epaleve k kre hulta fae oah knk. Ia prlioèpla,
prlioèpla, etrlfuè sku oahpartehkita ea get geta
a
`k quk skitle `ar. _ues oastes oahkêereh e hknmarer, kitrktei`a sku
oahpartehkita iïa. @kol`l omkoer sk tlimes khaêûks eprlslaie`es k kioaitrkl lre,
eherjure, eislk`e`k, rksskitlhkita, grustreêïa k hk`a, hultes `knes pravleh `k sue
ligæiole.
A rksunte`a glien `k nlfkrer
n lfkrer ksses khaêûks gal quk Clrc sk oaivkrtku kh iava
mahkh. Etuenhkitk ì uh herl`a `aok quk e`are sue kspase k sk prkaoupe hels
oah kne `a quk par skus prÿprlas lioðha`as k `arks.
Knk oastuheve quklxer-sk oaiteitkhkitk `k tu`a k ejare sk litkrksse pknas
`khels, k jkren, tkh uh sarrlsa kh sku rasta k sk quklxe hulta pauoa. E
treisgarheêïa kstå ski`a eprkole`e par ta`as equknks quk a oaimkokh. _k sues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es pu`ksskh tkr sl`a nlfkre`es eitkrlarhkitk kh sue vl`e, knk
pa`krle tkr tl`a uhe vl`e `lgkrkitk.
Clrc skhprk tkvk e nlfkr`e`k `k knkjkr sku kste`a khaolaien, hes sues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es nmk `klxeveh hels susoktèvkn kh kitrer kh rkssaæiole oah knes,
`a quk lr oaitre e oarrkitk. Rertk `a sku oarpa ksteveh lrrlte`es, eherjure`es,
rksskitl`es, grustre`es
grustre`es k tkhkrases. Oaivlvle oah lssa oe`e hahkita `k sue vl`e etì
quk nlfkrehas ksse kikrjle.
A kgklta `k uh `kskqulnèfrla
Pu`a vante e ieturkze quæitloe `a hksha oarpa oarpa.. Uuei`a ias nkveitehas e
oe`e heimï kspkrehas vkr iassas oarpas `e hkshe garhe g arhe quk vlhas aitkh au
eitkaitkh perkok skr suglolkitkhkitk
suglolkitkhkitk sÿnl`as k prkvèsl
prkvèslvkls.
vkls. Iuioe nmk anmehas ia
kspknma kiqueita kstehas vkstli`a-ias sahkitk pere vkr rk`khalimas `k iuvkis `k
kikrjle ai`k oastuheh kster iassas freêas k pkries. KitrkteitaKitrkteita lssa ì kxetehkitk a
quk sahas.
Iïa lhparte oaha passe perkokr-tk , tku oarpa ì kh rkenl`e`k uhe oankêïa
`k kikrjle, vaei`a kh kstrklte garheêïa.
Uuei`a sk litra`uz e vlfreêïa ikjetlve `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e ikste
garheêïa, entkre a rltha vlfreolaien iarhen `e tatenl`e`k.
Iïa â skitlrås ikoksserlehkit
ikoksserlehkitk, k, k `kgliltlvehkitk iïa pa`k iater es
`lgkrkiêes sÿ oah a anmer, hes kxlstk autres garhes `k vä-nes.
Vkoar`e a kgklta `a `lepesïa. Uuei`a sku oarpa tkh enade`a uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, etrelrå khaêûks quk vlfreh ie hkshe grkiquäiole. _k e khaêïa ì `k

hk`a par
kikrjle khkxkhpna, tk essusterå
sku oarpa, hels geolnhkitk.
hels tk eoastuherå Uueita
e skitl-ne. Oahhels tkhpa
a pesser `a rksl`e
tkhpa,ksse

?2
oahkêerå e pkiser quk vaoä ì slhpnkshkitk uhe hk`rase, parquk perkok tkr hk`a
kh quesk ta`as as hahkitas. Kh rkenl`e`k, `kvl`a må quk, pertk `a sku oarpa `k
geta kstå `kitra `ksse kikrjle khaolaien eprlslaie`e kh pertlouner au nltkrenhkitk
`kitra „`k uhe fane `k hk`a‘, kstå prk`lspasta ea greoessa. Rertk `a sku oarpa då
kstå skitli`a ksse khaêïa oaitliuehkitk, esslh oeli`a oah hels geolnl`e`k kh uh
kste`a `k hk`a quei`a sk eprkskitk uhe sltueêïa tkhkrase. Kh autres penevres,
oaha pertk `k sku oarpa då kste rkssaiei`a ie grkquäiole `a hk`a, ì uh pkqukia
pessa pere quk ta`a sku oarpa kitrk ie hkshe rkssaiæiole.
Ai`k sk eprkskiteh es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
Grkqukitkhkitk es pkssaes hk pkrjuiteh parquk uhe khaêïa gloe
eprlslaie`e kh uhe pertk `a oarpa k iïa kh autre.
Jkrenhkitk `ksoufra quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sk enadeh kh uhe årke quk
ì vunikråvkn par oeuse `k uhe susoktlflnl`e`k jkiìtloe
jkiìtloe,, uhe nksïa au uhe `kgloläiole
iutrlolaien quk `kflnlte au `kskqulnlfre e kikrjle `a oarpa iksse zaie.
Es vkzks tkh uhe hktågare quk ltkrvìh tehfìh. Lsta tkh skitl`a quei`a sk
`å oaite quk iasses hkitks sufoaisolkitks rkjkh iassa oarpa k iassas saimas.
As sèhfanas k es hktågares sïa e nlijuejkh `e hkitk sufoaisolkitk, a quk
tarie hulta ieturen quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sk enadkh kh uhe årke quk tkime
uhe lhpartæiole slhfÿnloe.
Rar kxkhpna, supaimehas quk kstå kstå skitli`a `ar par uhe ehlje quk tkvk uh
efarta livanuitårla ia nujer `k kxpkrlhkite
kxpkrlhkiterr e khaêïa k `klxe-ne pere etrås, kste gloe
eprlslaie`e, iïa skrle surprkki`kitk quk ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e sk enadk ia sku
vkitrk au pklta- as arjïas vltels `e orleêïa. Au lhejlikhas quk kstå etrevkssei`a uh
`kssks pkrèa`as `lgèokls `e vl`e quei`a uhe sìrlk `k oalses iïa rksunteh fkh. Pk
skitks gruste`a k aprlhl`a, oaha sk kstlvkssk oerrkjei`a a pksa `a hui`a kh skus
ahfras. Ikstk oesa, uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e pa`k enader-sk kh uh u h `k skus ahfras.
Kh rkenl`e`k quenqukr khaêïa
khaêïa pa`k gloer kirasoe
kirasoe`e
`e kh quenqukr nujer `a sku oarpa .
_k iïa iates a `kskqulnlfrla, pa`k oaitliuer par eias. Glienhkitk pa`k oeuser
vkr`e`klras prafnkhes kh sue seô`k, teita hkitels oaha gèsloas.
E `upne `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es tk egkteh `k `ues heiklres `lstlites4 hkitels k glsloehkitk.
Kh prlhklra nujer genehas `k quk heiklre tk egkteh hkitenhkitk
hkitenhkitk..
Gerå oah quk slite uhe rkspaste khaolaien kxejkre`e. Rrlhklra kxehlikhas enjuhes
sltueêûks `e vl`e rken ai`k es khaêûks eprlslaie`es gareh kxkroki`a uh ÿfvla `eia
hkiten.
Herlk k sku treuhe
[h `as kxkhpnas hels `rehåtloas aoarrku oah Herlk, uhe peolkitk nli`e k
fai`ase `k ;2 eias. [h eia etrås vkla hk vkr3 _ku ôiloa glnma gal essesslie`a
frutenhkitk. Oaha pa`k lhejlier e hartk `k sku glnma gal uh tkrrèvkn janpk pere
Herlk. Rere plarer, e eu`läiole `a essesslia `k sku glnma oaitliueve ski`a e`le`e ias
trlfuiels, a quk iïa pa`le supkrer.
Kne ksteve etrevkssei`a uh hahkita `lgèoln `k sue vl`e quei`a vkla hk vkr
pkne prlhklre vkz. Ia eia `koarrl`a `ks`k a essesslieta `k sku glnma, mevle gloe`a
oahpnktehkitk eprlslaie`e
eprlslaie`e kh sue `ar k kh sue pkr`e. Uuei`a glzkhas a tkstk `es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es kioaitrehas uhe etrås `e autre rkneolaie`es e sku glnma k sue

hartk. Es nlfkreha. Naja, Herlk ksteve nlfkre`e. Wantau e skr e pkssae tïa kqulnlfre`e

?5
quk skhprk gal. Eli`e skitk seu`e`k `k sku glnma k skhprk skitlrå sue eusäiole,
eusäiole, kne ì
uhe `es pkssaes hels gknlz k kqulnlfre`e quk oaimkêa.
_ues khaêûksh eprlslaie`es e gezleh pkr`kr sku kqulnlfrla par heitkr uhe
vlfreêïa ikjetlve. [he vkz quk es knlhliehas, gal oepez `k skjulr kh grkitk k vlvkr
sue pkr`e `k uhe heiklre hels seu`åvkn.
_erem k a essesslieta `k DGC
Iuioe ksqukokrkl `k _erem, uhe hunmkr `k :5 eias quk vkla hk vkr pere gezkr
uh tretehkita. Oahkokl e pkrjuiter e sku sufoaisolkitk a quk ikoksslteve etrevìs
`a tkstk husouner. Kioaitrehas quk tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k trlstkze.
_k fkh quk sue hkitk oaisolkitk pa`k iïa rkoar`er `es oalses hulta fkh, sku
sufoaisolkitk rkoar`e tu`a a quk må aoarrl`a kh quenqukr hahkita. Ì onera,
tehfìh sefk ta`as as `ktenmks `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. _efk quei`a eoaitkoku
e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, quen kre ksse khaêïa, queh ksteve kivanvl`a k hulta hels.
Kiqueita nmk gezle pkrjuites ea sufsoaiolkitk `k _erem safrk kste khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, treteve `k `ktkrhlier quei`a mevle aoarrl`a. Vksunte quk e khaêïa `k
trlstkze mevle sk eprlslaie`a ia oarpa `k _erem kh 5<7?.
Rar uh penpltk nmk pkrjuitkl4 Kste trlstkze ì pkna essesslieta `k Dami G.
Ckiik`y1 E rkspaste quk sku oarpa `ku etrevì
etrevìss `a tkstk husouner gal „ _lh‘ .
Uuei`a omkjehas e kssk hahkita kne oahkêau e omarer. Kiqueita sues
nåjrlhes oeèeh `lssk 4 „ Am, slh, lssa hk egktau pragui`ehkitk. K quei`a a glnma `a
prksl`kitk Ckiik`y, Dami Dr. , harrku kh uh u h eol`kitk `k evlïa må enjuis eias, hk
trauxk tu`a â hkhÿrle. Iïa pu`k gezkr hels ie`e quk omarer par `les‘ .
_k tkis l`e`k suglolkitk pere rkoar`er kstk `le kh iavkhfra `k 5<7?,
rkoar`erå a quïa omaoeitk k trlstk quk gal. Ikssk `le, ta`a a oarpa _erem sk kiomku `k
trlstkze. E khaêïa gal lhkise. Kre litkise `khels pere skr praoksse`a pkna sku oarpa
gèsloa, k oaha rksunte`a gloau eprlslaie`e.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es ias egkteh khaolaienhkitk
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es jkreh uhe vlfreêïa kikrjìtloe kspkoègloe. Pehfìh,
kstïa essaole`es kh iasses hkitks oah tlpas `k eoaitkolhkitas kspkolgèoas. Ia oesa
oesa `k _erem e khaêïa `k trlstkze- rkssaei`a oah sue prÿprle grkquäiole pertlouner-
ksteve oaikote`e kspkolgèoehkitk kh sku oarpa hkiten oah e hartk `k Ckiik`y.
Uuei`a Dami Dr. , gal tråjloehkitk essesslie`a sue trlstkze ieturen par kssk
eoaitkolhkita sk ehpnlgloau pkne khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk då ksteve kirasoe`e ikne.
Rertk `a sku oarpa ai`k ksteve enade`e e kikrjle `kste khaêïa då ksteve guiolaiei`a
a hknmar quk pa`le, lhkrse par quesk querkite eias i iee trlstkze pkne hartk `k DGC.
Uuei`a kne sk litklrau `e hartk `k Dami Dr., sku oarpa litklra kitrau kh rkssaiæiole
oah e khaêïa quk ksteve eprlslaie`e. A rksunte`a gal kssk, kh nujer `k omarer uh
paoa k skjulr e`leitk, _erem omarau par hultas `les k e `ar `kstk `le `k iavkhfra `k
5<7? vantau oah ta`e garêe. @k geta , ksse `ar kh rkenl`e`k iuioe mevle e
efei`aie`a. @k uhe heiklre nltkren k gesolieitk, pertk `k sku oarpa iïa mevle
`klxe`a `k skitlr ksse trlstkze pragui`e.
Kstk ì uh kxkhpna pkrgklta `k oaha uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e pa`k pkrslstlr
`ureitk hultas eias k pravaoer quk kxpkrlhkitks khaêûks slhlnerks `k uhe heiklre
kxejkre`e.
Uuei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es iuioe sk nlfkreh, pa`k skr quk slites ksse
`ar k ksse
sk nlvrer `krkspaste eokitue`e
eokitue`e
sues khaêûks a rksta `k
eprlslaie`es sue vl`e.
geolnhkitk. Ì tïa `ksikoks
geolnhkitk. `ksikokssårla,
sårla, parquk pa`k

?6
 A rksta `e mlstÿrle
Eitks quk â nlfkressk `k sue trlstkze, `kol`l pkrjuiter e ai`k mevle gloe`a
enade`e kh sku oarpa ksse khaêïa parp ar quesk quetra `ìoe`es. Uuk tkol`as `a sku
oarpa mevleh kste`a guiolaiei`a `kitra `e ksgkre `k sue trlstkze pragui`e par ta`as
kssks eias1 Uuen gal a kgklta safrk ksses oìnunes 1 A sufoaisolkitk sefk ksses
rkspastes par oahpnkta k evkrljuer-nes ì tïa gåoln oaha pkrjuiter. E rkspaste
lhprkssliau e ehfas.
tkstk husouner `khaistrau quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k trlstkze ksteve
enade`e `e rkjlïa `k sku pklta ksqukr`a.
_erem k ku ias anmehas glxehkitk par uh hahkita, herevlnme`as. Kne kre
uhe safrkvlvkitk `k uh oeioär `k hehe. Uuetra eias etrås mevle kxtreè`a sue
hehe ksqukr`e oah uhe hestkotahle olrôrjloe.
Kste kikrjle khaolaien eprlslaie`e mevle sk enade`a kh sku pklta ksqukr`a k
pkrheikoku enl. Rar quk sku pklta ksqukr`a k iïa quenqukr autre pertk `k sku oarpa1
Penvkz tlime uhe helar vunikreflnl`e`k kh sku pklta ksqukr`a `kvl`a e uhe ligkoêïa
hkiar, uhe nksïa prìvle au enjuh autra `kskqulnèfrla.
Kh hku skitlr gloau eprlslaie`e ikstk
ikstkss tkol`as- quk kreh tïa prÿxlh
prÿxlhes
es ea sku
oareêïa ‟ par sku ehar ea prksl`kitk DGC DGC..
_kde quen e rezïa `k sue naoenlzeêïa, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e pkrheioku kh sku
oarpa e hk`l`e quk pessereh as eias, e quen oeuseve uhe oaisteitk lrrlte lrrlteêïa
êïa hkiar
kh sues oìnunes k kstk pa`krle tkr sl`a uh getar quk oaitrlfulu ia `kskivanvlhkita `a
oeioär. As sliels iïa gareh rkoaimkol`as e tkhpa k par glien tlvkreh quk kxtrelr sue
hehe ksqukr`e pere senver sue vl`e, hes e trlstkze pkrheikoku. Pkr nlfkre`a ksse
trlstkze eprlslaie`e kh sku oarpa edu`au e ourer-sk khaolaienhkitk. JasterleJasterle tkr
pa`l`a `ksoafrlr eias eitks, a quk pa`krle tkr edu`e`a e kvlter hulte `ar k
sagrlhkita, k lionuslvk pa`krle tkr edu`e`a e kvlter a oeioär `k hehe.
As kgkltas gèsloas `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
As tkol`as quk kstïa oa
oaitliuehkitk
itliuehkitk `lstaro
`lstarol`as
l`as par uhe khêïa eprlslaie
eprlslaie`e
`e
kvkituenhkitk sagrkrïa as kgkltas `knk.
_k pkjer uh lhï k a heitkr pkrta `k uhe eitlje tkne `k tknkvlsïa `k tufa au uh
hailtar `k oahpute`ar vkrå uhe `lstarêïa `k lhejkh hulta vlsèvkn. Lsta sk `kvk quk
a oehpa hejiìtloa kste litkrgkrli`a ia gnuxa ieturen `as knktrÿis `kitra `e tkne. _k
epraxlhe a lhï hulta pkrta k a `klxes eè par hulta tkhpa orlerå uhe `lstarêïa
pkrheikitk k lionuslvk errulierå e tkne. @kpals `k tu`a, a oarpa ì kikrjle k tehfìh
es khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Hes es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa uhe kikrjle ikjetlve k
`lstarokh es oìnunes `a oarpa ten oaha a lhï `lstarok e lhejkh `e tkne `a tknkvlsar. E
`kgarheêïa `es oìnunes `a oarpa e naija preza, e `ar k a heu guiolaiehkita skrå a
rksunte`a. Kste ì e rezïa pkne quen e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e
grkqukitkhkitk
grkqukitkhki tk oeuserå uh enlvla `a hen kster lhk`leta k autras slitahes, k
passlvknhkitk e rkvkrsïa `k enjuhes kigkrhl`e`ks
kigkrhl`e`ks..
Eork`lta quk lsta ì uh tkrrkia hulta gk gkrtln
rtln pere livkstljeêûks gutures
gutures quk
pa`krleh pra`uzlr uhe pragui`e oahprkkisïa `as praokssas `es kigkrhl`e`ks .
_kjui`a hlime kxpkrläiole, es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh kxkrokr uhe lignuäiole
surprkki`kitk safrk es oìnunes `a oarpa. A quk aoarrk quei`a ksses oìnunes sïa
oaitliuehkitk lrrlte`es oah a tkhpa1 A prlhklra slitahe ì grkqukitkhkitk `ar au
uh heu
par guiolaiehkitk
uh naija pkrèa`a `ksôtln,
tkhpa,qukapa`k skrpa`k
tkol`a `lglolnkkvkituenhkitk
`ktkoter. _k askit
vkituenhkitk tkol`as
kitrer
rer khsïa
uhlrrlte`as
kste`a

??
`k hktepnesle au hu`er. Kh autres penevres, a tlpa kspkoègloa `k oì
oìnune
nune oahkêe e
oaivkrtkr-sk kh uhe oìnune hels prlhltlve. A prÿxlha pessa ì e henljil`e`k au a
oeioär.
_k fkh, kxlstk uhe verlk`e`k `k oalses quk sk eork`lte quk oeuseh a oeioär,
eork`lta glrhkhkitk quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa uh getar quk oaitrlflu iaa
praokssa `es kigkrhl`e`ks, då quk eork`lta quk sïa pere hultas, sk iïa pere quesk
ta`es es khgkrhl`e`ks kxlstkitk
kxlstkitks.
s.
Oe`e peolkitk oah oeioär quk etki`l rksuntau tkr khaêûks eprlslaie`es
kirelze`es ies oìnunes henljie.
Ì passlvkn quk enjuhes `ksses kikrjles passeh tkr sl`a etreè`es pere årke
prkolsehkitk par quk as tkol`as ksteveh kh kste`a skvkra `k `kslqulnèfrla. _k fkh,
lssa ì passlvkn k lionuslvk pravåvkn e hk`l`e quk e `akiêe eveiêe, es khaaêûks
eprlslaie`es sïa, kh hlime apliaïa uhe sufdeokitk `a oeioär. Ì `k vlten lhpartæiole
quk kstes khaêûks eprlslaie`es skdeh knlhlie`es. Hksha quk då kstkdeh
oaitrlfuli`a pere a oeioär, uhe vkz knlhl`e`es iïa pa`kh oeuser hels `eias has
prÿxlhas eias.
A oeioär `k punhïa `k Vaomknnk
Uuei`a Vaomknnk vkla hk vkr pkne prlhklre vkz kh fusoe `k tretehkita, kne
tlime uh oeioär `a teheima `k uhe fane `k fklskfan kh sku punhïa. Ksteve gezki`a
qulhlatkreple quei`a ias oaimkokhas. Rkrjuitkl ea sku oarpa sk mevle khaêûks
eprlslaie`es ies oìnunes henljies kh sku punhïa k e rkspaste gal „_lh‘.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es ia punhïa `k Vaomknnk sk rkhaiteveh e hultas eias
etrås, ie ìpaoe kh quk kre uhe hunmkr davkh. Kne ì glnlplie k sk oesau oah uh
herlimklra ehkrloeia kh skrvlêa ies Glnlplies.
Ie skquäiole `k tkrkh tl`a uh glnma duitas, a herl`a `k Vaomknnk gal pere a
her par skls hksks au hels, kne mevle prkvlstas sues eusäioles grkqukitks k mevle
eoklte`a e skpereêïa kh sue hkitk oaisolkitk, kitrkteita orler uh glnma sazlime kre
`lgèoln k sanltårla. Oaisolkitkh
Oaisolkitkhkitk,
kitk, Vaomknnk eork`lteve quk ksteve fkh oah sue
eusäiole, hes sku oarpa rkvknau quk ksses khaêûks `k rksskitlhkit
rksskitlhkita,
a, grustreêïa k
efei`aia mevleh gloe`a eprlslaie`es `kitra `kne ikstk pkrèa`a.
„Iïa, iïa‘ lislstlu Vaomknnk. „Iuioe hk skitl `kste heiklre. _efle quk @eiiy lrle k ku
iïa tlime prafnkhe. Hk skitle FKH sazlime
sazlime‘‘. K parìh, `kpals `k quk pesskl a lhï par
sues oastes, Vaomknnk sk litkjrau k seou`lu e oefkêe. „_efk, lssa ì hulta kstreima‘, kne
`lssk. „Hk slita hulta hels nkvk, oaha sk tlvkssk nkveite`a uh pksa ` `kk hku pklta.‘
Oaha kne tlime quk `lrljlr <2 hliutas `k l`e k vante pere omkjer kh hlime
onèiloe, sÿ vl Vaomknnk träs vkzks, hes gareh suglolkitks pere quk pu`ìsskhas nlfkrer
ta`es es khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk eperkokreh ie årke `k sku tuhar.
Epraxlhe`ehkitk olioa skheies `kpals, eperkoku kh hku oaisuntÿrla supkr
oaitkitk oah es faes iatèoles. _kus hì`loas mevleh tlre`a uhe iave re`lajregle k a
tuhar mevle `kseperkol`a oahpnktehkitk `k sku punhïa.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`krleh mevkr sl`a uh lhparteitk getar `k
oaitrlfulêïa pere e orleêïa `kstk oeioär1 Orkla quk e rkspaste ì slh.
Ì onera, iïa passa `khaistrer quk e nlfkreêïa `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
knlhliau a tuhar då quk Vaomknnk tehfìh sk sufhktle e qulhlatkreple. Rarìh,
hk`leitk e knlhlieêïa `es khaêûks quk ksteveh enade`es kh sku pklta ì passlvkn quk
tariehas hels kgloez e qulhlatkreple
qulhlat kreple k quk sue knlhlieêïa `ku e sku oarpa a „paite-
„paite-

?0
pì‘ quk ikoksslteve pere ourer-sk.
ourer-sk. Kspkra vlvkr a suglolkitk pere vkr a `le kh quk
ta`as as peolkitks skdeh trete`as oah a hknmar `k ta`as as hìta`as oaha kstk.
A `anarasa avårla `k Dkei
[he `es oalses quk hels hk surprkki`kreh safrk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
gareh sue oepeol`e`k `k oeuser `arks gèsloes
gèsloes.. E prlhklre kxpkrlä
kxpkrläiole
iole quk tlvk oah
kstk gkiðhkia gal festeitk `råhetloa. Hlime kspase Dkei, `k rkpkitk oahkêau e
skitlr uhe `ar eju`e k skvkre kh sku ef`ðhki ligkrlar ksqukr`a. A tkstk husouner
`khaistrau quk e `ar arljlieve-sk `k sku avårla ksqukr`a k quk sue oeuse kre
khaolaien. Pïa råpl`a oaha pu`k oahkokl e l`kitlgloer e khaêïa rkspaisåvkn. Rere
hlime surprkse eoefkl kioaitrei`a iïa uhe, skiïa skls khaêûks `lgkrkitks. Oaha
naja sefkrå, nlfkrehas es khaêûks uhe par vkz. Es vkzks sk kioaitrerïa hels `k uhe
khaêïa eilime`es ie hkshe årke, oaha par kxkhpna ikstk oesa. Kxokta e ôntlhe
khaêïa, ta`es tlimeh mevkr oah eoaitkolhkitas tråjloas au pkrturfe`arks quk
mevleh aoarrl`a ie vl`e `k hunmkrks quk ksteveh prÿxlhes e Dkei. Nlfkrkl oe`e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e e hk`l`e quk oe`e uhe `knes kre l`kitlgloe`e.
_urprkki`kitkhkitk, a ièvkn `k sue `ar `lhliulu listeitæikehkitk
l isteitæikehkitk k
iatevknhkitk e hk`l`e quk nlfkreve oe`e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. @kpals `k nlhper
olioa khaêûks eprlslaie`es a ièvkn `k sue `ar kre uhe greêïa `a quk mevle sl`a kh
hahkitas eitks.
_ku oarpa li`loeve quk mevle uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e eli`e. A tkstk rkvknau
repl`ehkitk quk uhe khaêïa `k skitlr-sk `kseprkole`e mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`e
quei`a Dkei ksteve ia der`lh `k ligæiole.
Kre a eia `k 5<72, uh eia `k knklêûks. E knklêïa kre kitrk Vlomer`
Vlomer` H. Ilxai k Dami G.
Ckiik`y. E pragkssare `k Dkei ligarhau quk uh hkilia k uhe hkilie `e ksoane
mevleh sl`a ksoanml`as pere skrkh kitrkvlste`as par uh darien naoen safrk es knklêûks
prksl`kiolels quk sk epraxlheveh k quk kne kre uhe `es ` es ksoanml`es. Nmk `lsskreh quk
leh nmk gezkr enjuhes pkrjuites safrk as oei`l`etas, kh pertlouner, k sk pu`kssk kh
qukh vaterle.
Ksteve tïa kitusleshe`e k a jrei`k `le omkjau råpl`a. Nmk kioehlimereh e
uhe sene `e ksoane quk ksteve prkpere`e pere e kitrkvlste. Mevle `ues oe`klres uhe
`leitk `e autre, uhe pere oe`e orleiêe. A kitrkvlste`ar oahkêau e gezkr pkrjuites ea
hkilia pkqukia kh prlhklra nujer, kiqueita plsoeveh gnesmks quei`a nmk tlreveh
gatas. Pehfìh nmk tlrereh uhe gata `k Dkei, par enjuhe rezïa e kne iïa glzkreh
ikimuhe pkrjuite.
Gal ljiare`e quesk oahpnktehkitk, oah e kxokêïa `k quk nmk hastrereh
oaha paser pere e gata. @k rkpkitk e kitrkvlste eoefau. Kiqueita e nkveveh pere e
eune iavehkitk, sk skitlu oaiguse. Rauoa e pauoa,
pau oa, sk `ku oaite `a ppauoa
auoa lhparteitk
quk kne `kvle skr.
Kne oahkêau e skitlr-sk liôtln k skitlu ksse khaêïa a suglolkitkhkitk gartk
pere quk gloessk eprlslaie`e kh sku oarpa
oarpa gèsloa.
Es khaêûks sïa kikrjle, k e vlfreêïa kspkoègloe `k uhe khaêïa `ktkrhlie
oah prkolsïa quk khaêïa ì. [he khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì oaha uhe fanlime `k kikrjle
quk skhprk „oelrå‘ au sk enaderå
enaderå kh enjuh nujer ia oarpa gèsloa. Rar enjuhe rezïa,
kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e
eprlslaie`e `k liutlnl`e`k sk enadau ia avårla
avårla ksqukr`a `k Dkei ai`k
pkrheikoku `ureitk trlite eias.
Uuei`a
`kseperkoku nlfkrehas
listeitæ ksse ôntlhe
listeitæikehkitk.
ikehkitk. Kne skkhaêïa eprlslaie`e
nkveitau a rksta
`a omïa k ias `k suehutuehkitk
anmehas `ar k

?;
essahfre`as pkna quk mevèehas eoefe`a `k kxpkrlhkiter. Dkei iuioe skitlu
iavehkitk uhe rkeperlêïa `k `ar ikste årke. Iïa passa kvlter hk pkrjuiter quels
mevkrleh sl`a es oaiskquäioles kh sue seô`k sk iïa tlvksskhas nlfkre`a ksses
kikrjles `k sku avårla.
A oatavkna `k täilste `k Deoc
Autra kxkhpa `k oaha es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh oeuser `eia gèsloa
pravìh `k uh peolkitk hku omehe`a Deoc. Knk tlime 06 eias quei`a vkla hk vkr pere
treter sku tkrrèvkn oatavkna
oatavkna `k täilste pkna quen ksteve
ksteve sagrki`a `ureitk hksks.
hksks. A hen
kster kh sku eitkfreêa `lrklta mevle sk tarie`a tïa jrei`k quk iïa pa`le ikh skqukr
jlrer e omevk pere nljer sku oerra skh quk lssa nmk oeusessk uhe `ar tkrrèvkn. Nmk
oahkokl e treter oah gaoa
gaoa ie qulrlapråxle tre`lolaien ias edustks `e oanui
oanuiee vkrtkfren,
es kxtrkhl`e`ks k oah tkreple gèsloe. @kpals `k trefenmer iknk `ureitk
epraxlhe`ehkitk uhe skheie, iïa vl jrei`ks hknmares a quk hk surprkki`k surprkki`ku.u. A
oatavkna `k täilste ì uhe kigkrhl`e`k quk iarhenhkitk sk trete oah äxltas oah a
tretehkita qulrlapråtloa.
Ku hk skitle grustre`a pkne gente `k hknmare `k Deoc. Lssa suok`ku ias
prlhklras `les `k hku trefenma oah es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k eli`e iïa mevle
pkise`a kh pkrjuiter e sku sufoaisolkitk sk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es tlimeh enja e
vkr oah sku prafnkhe. Vkoìh oahkêeve e kitki`kr quïa pa`krases es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es pa`kh skr k oaha pa`kh oeuser `lgkrk `lgkrkitks
itks tlpas `k slitahes
slitahes.. _efle quk
pa`le oeuser `ar gèsloe, hes tehfpkh sefle quk a oatavkna `k täilste kre uhe
oai`lêïa lignehetÿrle quk då mevle trete`a oah äxlta eitkrlarhkitk. arìh, oaha iïa
ksteve aftki`a rksunte`as oah a gaoa tre`lolaien, `kol`l pkrjuiter ea sufoaisolkit
sufoaisolkitkk
`k Deoc sk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es kreh uhe oeuse sufdeokitk `k sku oatavkna `k
täilste. Hk surprkki`ku uh pauoa quk sku oarpa rkspai`kssk 4 „_lh‘ .
Es davkis `a kislia hì`la
[tlnlzei`a a Oÿ`lja @es Khaêûks l`kitlgloehas e prlhklre khaêïa. @k eoar`a
oah sku oarpa, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre e ligkrlarl`e`k. Mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`e kh
sku oarpa `ureitk a kislia hì`la k tlime e vkr oah uhe davkizlime kh pertlouner quk
knk jasteve. E nlfkrkl k Deoc sk surprkki`ku oah a kgklta lhk`leta quk lssa tkvk kh
sku freêa. @k rkpkitk , e `ar kh sku oatavkna mevle `lhliuè`a iatevknhkitk.
Rkrjuitkl `k iava sk mevle enjuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk pa`le skr nlfkre`e. _ku
oarpa rkspai`ku 4„_lh‘, kitïa
kitïa oahkokl e pkrjui
pkrjuiter
ter quen kre e prÿxlhe khaêïa,
quei`a gal eprlslaie`e k sk tlime e vkr oah enjuìh kh pertlouner. Ksse khaêïa
eprlslaie`e pravìh tehfìh
tehfìh `e kpÿoe kh quk Deoc le ea kislia hì`la3 k gal a
rksunte`a `k uhe rkneêïa pauoa setlsgetÿrle- oah uhe davkh `lgkrkitk `kste vkz. E
khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre `k ikrvaslsha. Uuei`a e nlfkrehas e `ar `a oatavkna `k Deoc
`lhliulu hels sljilgloetlvehkitk. Oaitliuehas kstk praokssa etì quk knlhliehas
olioa khaêûks eprlslaie`es ia taten.
Pa`es pravleh `a kislia hì`la k oe`e khaêïa ksteve essaole`e e uhe davkh
`lgkrkitk. E sue kspase, quk ksteve enl oah knk `ureitk a sku tretehkita perkole
enlvle`e.
E hk`l`e quk nlfkrehas oe`e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, a ièvkn `k hen kster ia
eitkfreêa `k Deoc `lhliuèe iatevknhkit
iatevknhkitk,
k, ia hahkita quk nlfkrehas
nlfkrehas e ôntlhe
khaêïa, sue `ar sk gal oahpnktehk
oahpnktehkitk!
itk! Havku sku freêa `k uh ne`a pere a autra.
Lhltau jlrer e omevk `k sku oerra. Iïa mevle `ar enjuhe.

?7
 @k rkpkitk mevle rkoupkre`a
rkoupkre`a ta`a a enoeiok `k havlhkitas ie ertlouneê
ertlouneêïa
ïa `k
sku oatavkna k iïa pu`k pravaoer-nmk `ar prkslaiei`a hkus `k`as ias hôsounas `k
sku eitkfreêa, a quen eitkrlarhkitk skitle hulte `ar ea taquk. Kstk rksunte`a gal
surprkki`kitk pere ta`as quk ksteveh enl tkstkhuimei`a.
Deoc mevle daje`a täils `ureitk a kislia hì`la hes gezle eias quk iïa pkjeve kh
uhe requktk. Es khaêûks
khaêûks eprlslaie`es tki`kh
tki`kh e jrevlter ies zaies hels `ìfkls `a
oarpa, ai`k må strkss kxtre, uhe nksïa au uhe ligkoêïa, au enjuh autra tlpa `k
`kskqulnlfrla. Pa`es ksses khaêûks eprlslaie`
eprlslaie`es
es pertlounerks sk enadereh ias tkol`as
`a eitkfreêa `e Deoc. Orkla quk lssa sk `kvk quk `ureitk a kisla hì`la sku eitkfreêa
gal kstrksse`a kh rkpktl`es aoeslûks k lionuslvk nkslaie`a etì okrta paita. Ea hksha
tkhpa, knk ksteve kxpkrlhkitei`a eijustle khaolaien k rkoanmki`a khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `k sues tkitetlves
tkitetlves genl`es `k raheiok
raheiok.. Vkoar`e quk uhe kh khaêïa
aêïa
eprlslaie`e skhprk rkoelrå kh enjuh nujer, pravåvknhkitk ia eikn hels `ìfln `e
oarrkitk `a oarpa.
Eli`e pkisa quk sk iïa kstlvkssk kste`a enl vki`a oah hkus prÿprlas anmas
iïa tkrle eork`lte`a.
Kh qukstïa `k hliutas, e `ar `k Deoc pessau `k skr fruten e likxlstkitk.
[he vkz hels hk surprkki`ku
surprkki`ku quk es khaêûks passeh `k enjuhe heiklr heiklree
oeuser `lrktehkitk uhe `ar gèsloe eju`e. Rarìh, rkoìh a mevle vlsta oah hkus
prÿprlas anmas. E hk`l`e quk oaitliukl utlnlzei`a a Oÿ`lja @es Khaêûks kh hkus
peolkitks, hk essahfrereh queites oai`lêûks ksteveh kh rkenl`e`k ski`a oeuse`es
kh sue tatenl`e`k au kh pertk
p ertk pknes khaêûks eprlslaie`es3 k pkna `kstrutlves quk
kreh ie seô`k `k hkus peolkitks.
E oure pa`krase aoarrk quei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa glienhkitk
nlfkre`es. Uukh sefk queite `ar, ligknlol`e`k k kigkrhl`e`ks orðiloes pa`kh skr
kvlte`es oahpnktehkitk knlhliei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es! Vepl`ehkitk eprki`l
quk enjuis `as skitlhk
skitlhkitas
itas eprlslaie`as ias oarpas `k hhkus
kus peolkitks mevleh
kste`a eè hulta hels tkhpa `a quk ku pu`kssk eork`lter skr passèvkn. Hk kitrlstkole
pkiser quk kh enjuh paita kstks peolkitks mevleh kste`a sagrki`a oaisteitkhkitk
`ureitk ta`as kssks eias, `k enja `k quk sk pa`k `ksgezkr geolnhkitk.
Gafles
_k `kglik gafle, uh hk`a lrreolaien k pkrslstkitk okrtes etlvl`e`ks, pkssaes,
afdktas au sltueêûks. @ksoafrl quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa uhe lhparteitk
oeuse `k gafles, tenvkz a ôiloa hatlva. A sufoaisolkitk sefk a quk ì e oeuse
sufdeokitk `k oe`e gafle k oe`e gafle tkh uhe au hels
khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk e oeuseh.
Gafle e lhejkh `a Evlïa
Ì passèvkn tkr nltkrenhkitk gafle `k quenqukr oalse. Rar kxkhpna, uhe vkz
etki`l e uhe hunmkr quk tlime uhe gafle festeitk rere. Iïa pa`le anmer pere uhe
gata `k uh evlïa kh uhe rkvlste au ie tknkvlsïa skh tkr uh jrevk etequk `k pæiloa.
_k uh evlïa vaessk par olhe `kne, tlime quk heitkr skus anmas glxas ia omïa. _k
anmeve pere olhe k vlssk a evlïa, pa`krle tkr uh etequk `k pæiloa.
Rkrjuitkl ea sku sufoaisolkitk etrevìs `a tkstk hôsouner sk tlime uhe
khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk nmk ksteve oeusei`a sue gafle. E rkspaste gal4 "_lh".
Oah tkstks sufskqukitks pu`k `ktkrhlier a quk tlime eoaitkol`a.
Må`k
eol`kitk enjuis
evlïaeias
oah etrås, kne tlime
pessejklras. nl`a uhgalertlja
A ertlja kh uhe rkvlste
eoahpeime`a `k uhe safrk
gata uh
a evlïa

?:
pauoa eitks `a lhpeota.Kiqueita nle a ertlja, nmk live`lu uhe khaêïa pragui`e. _k
li`kitlgloau hulta oah as pessejklras etkrrarlze`as k orlau uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Ku nlfkrkl e khaêïa k e gafle sk gal listeiteikeh
listeiteikehkitk.
kitk. Kne pa`le anmer pere as evlûks
teita ia oku queita kh gatajregles lhk`letehkitk
lhk`letehkitk,, skh quenqukr prafnkhe k sue
gafle iïa vantau.
Hk`as `e ialtk
Kh autra oesa, uh peolkitk `k 06 eias `k l`e`k omehe`e Oeran mevle sagrl`a
hk`a `e ialtk quesk ta`e sue vl`e. _kus jrltas `k tkrrar pa`leh `kspkrter e sku
herl`a k skus glnmas pknas hkias träs ialtks par skheie! As hk`as iaturias sïa
`lgkrkitks `as pkse`knas, då quk as hkshas iïa perkokh skr oeuse`as par uh saima
kspkoègloa. Kh oaitre pertl`e sk skitk uhe khaêïa kspkoègloe k hulta etkrrarlzeitk
kiqueita e vètlhe kste `arhli`a.
_kus hk`as iaturias mevleh sl`a uh jrei`k prafnkhe kh quesk ta`e sue
vl`e. Mevle qukfre`a teita e onåvloune oaha vårles oastknes, k etk tkvk uhe
pranaije`e greture ia oræila
oræila `kvl`a e sues ejlte`es tkitetlves
tkitetlves `k ksoeper `k sku
kste`a essuste`ar `k saia.
_ku sufoaisolkitk rkspai`ku eglrhetlvehkitk e hlime slhpnks pkrjuite4
„Kxlstk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstkde oeusei`a skus hk`as iaturias1‘ autresautres
praves gutures rkvknereh quk khaêûks `k pæiloa, tkrrar k hk`a mevleh gloe`a
eprlslaie`s kh sku oarpa quei`a
quei`a tlime olioa eias, `ureitk uh ou ourta
rta pkrèa`a ia quen
tlime uh pkse`kna rkoarrkitk. A pkse`kna glienhkitk sk gal, hes pkrheikokreh es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
A rksunte`a `k nlfkrer ksses khaêûks eprlslaie`es gal quk kh uhe skheie as
hk`as iaturias `ksepereokreh pere skhprk.
Waoä pa`k sk pkrhltlr heitä-nes juer`e`es1
Eork`lta quk knlhlier es khaêûks eprlslaie`es ì vlten pere sue quenl`e`k `k
vl`e. Knlhlie-nes pa`krle prkvkilr quk eglien aoarreh liuhkråvkls k verle`as
prafnkhes. Kspkra quk kstkde oahkêei`a e kitki`kr oaha a knlhlier `k sues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`k `er uh enlvla `k slitahes hkitels
hkitels k gèsloas quk passe
kster pe`koki`a etuenhkitk.
Nlfkrei`a sues khaêûks eprlslaie`es, ksterå knlhliei`a es iuvkis `k kikrjle
ikjetlve iïa `kskde`es quk kstkdeh `lglountei`a es guiêûks iarhels `k sues oìnunes3 k
ksterå edu`ei`a e heitkr a nlvrk gnuxa `k kikrjle, esslh euxlnlei`a sku oarpa e ourer e
sl hksha.
_ue hkitk tehfìh vanterå e uh kste`a hels ieturen, skh `rehetlsha, `ar k
pksa `e sues eitljes khaêûks quk tk lhpk`kh `k prajrk`lr kh sue vl`e.
Kh oaitliueêïa, lrkl oahpertlnmer enjuis skjrk`as essahfrasas quk eitljas
hì`loas sefleh safrk a oehpa kikrjìtloa muheia, a quen må sl`a `ksoafkrta
rkokitkhkitk.

REVPK @AL_
A H[I@A KIKVJÌPLOA

„IA__A IE_OLHKIPA Ì PÏA _AHKIPK [H _AIMA K [H K_U[KOLHKIPA4

E ENHE U[K
U[K E_OKI@K KH Iß_, E K_PVKNE @K IA__E WL@E, PKWK KH A[PVE REVPK
_K[ RAKIPK, K WKH @K NAIJK4
IÏA KH OAHRNKPA K_U[KOLHKIPA, K IÏA KH OAHRNKPE I[@KT,

?=
 HE_ @KL]EI@A VE_PVA_ @K JNßVLE WLKHA_ @K @K[_,A IA__A NEV‘.
-ZLNNLEH ZAV@_ZAVPM

?
A_ HL_PÌVLA_ @A_ EIPLJA_ O[VEI@KLVA_ @K KIKVJLE

Kh 5<?<, uh tìoiloa kh knìtrloe russa omehe`a _khyai Clrnlei `ksoafrlu a

quk etuenhkitk sk oaimkok oaha gatjregle Clrnlei:. E gatajregle Clrnlei utlnlze
grkqþäioles `k punseêûks `k ente tkisïa pere tlrer gatas `as oehpas `k kikrjle
re`leitk quk ra`kleh ta`as as skrks vlvas. E tìoiloe tehfìh sk oaimkok oaha
Wlsuenlzeêïa `k @ksoerje `k Jås( Jes @lsomerjk Wlsuenlzetlai) au J@W.
Ias ôntlhas 7; eias,as olkitlstes russas kstïa rkenlzei`a uhe queitl`e`k
sljilgloetlve `k livkstljeêûks hk`leitk e gatajregle Clrnlei k `ksoafrlreh quk ta`es es
oalses tkh heilgksteêïa oereotkrlstloes
oereotkrlstloes `k uh oehpa `k kikrjle. Hksha quk es oalses
vlvkitks tkimeh uh oehpa `k kikrjle hels vlfreitk quk as afdktas lieilhe`as=.
Penvkz es lhejkis `k Clrnlei hels omehetlves sïa equknes `k ganmes quk gareh oarte`es
ea hkla, k eli`e esslh hastreh as oehpas `k kikrjle oahpnktas k liteotas `es ganmes
litklres<. Ì passlvkn quk ksses lhejkis `k Clrnlei, kstkdeh kh rkenl`e`k rkvknei`a e
(kxlstk uhe lhejkh-gatajregle `k Clrnlei `k
ieturkze ksplrltuen litkrlar `es oalses1 (kxlstk
uhe ganme oarte`e-).
E kxlstäiole `a „Oehpa Kikrjìtloa Muheia‘ tkh sl`a uh prlioèpla fåsloa `es
ertks `k oure `ks`k hulta tkhpa. As mli`us oahprkki`leh e garêe vlten vlvlgloe`are
quk lhprkjie k `å vl`e e ta`es es oalses oaha a Rreie, uhe orkiêe quk sk rkhaite
eas ;.222 eias. As omliksks pkiseveh quk kste kikrjle sk omeheve Oml, uhe orkiêe
`k quk sk a Oml ì `kskqulnlfre`a kh uh li`lvè`ua, a rksunte`a ì uhe pìsslhe seô`k.
Ea naija `e mlstÿrle, ten oaha <: ountures
ountures `lgkrkitks k skpere`es eork`lteveh
eork`lteveh
ia oehpa kikrjìtloa muheia.
Es khaêaks eprlslaie`es `lstarokh k fnaqukleh a gnuxa `kste kikrjle3 k A
Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks ì uhe garhe slhpnks `k trezkr ksse kikrjle e uhe kste`a
kqulnlfre`a.
A Ksplrlta k a Pkhpna
Eork`lta quk a oehpa kikrjìtloa muheia ì ksskiolenhkitk a ksplrlta quk
kxlstk kh oe`e uh `k iÿs.
Oaisl`kra quk sk pu`ìsskhas `k enjuhe heiklre erreioer hejloehkitk sku
ksplrlta `k skus oarpas k oanaoå-nas e ne`a e ne`a pere oahperer-nas,e skhknmeiêe ias
surprkki`krle.
Hultes `es kxpkrläioles prÿxlhes `e hartk quk gareh jreve`es, rkvkneh quk
es pkssaes quk „harrkreh‘ kh rkenl`e`k sahkitk `klxereh skus oarpas par uh
tkhpa. Es vkzks ikh skqukr sk `ïa oaite quk kstïa hartas etì quk anmeh pere felxa
k vkkh sku oarpa gèslo `klte`a enl kiqueita olrouneh par olhe `knk. Es pkssaes oaha
kstes, sefleh par kxpkrläiole prÿprle quk kre sku oarpa gèsloa. Kitrkteita, sku oarpa ì
sahkitk uh tkhpna quk efrlje sku skr ksplrltuen.

:
Dami Navlik, Clrnlei pmatajrepmy4 e mei`s-ai jul`k(Wlotarle, Eustrånle4 Lhejks Rufnlsmlij, 6222),60
=
Navlik,6;.
< „Gatajreg
„Gatajregkrlijstkcilc
krlijstkcilc sah vlser ki eure ruit g÷rkhenki. [ppgeiis ev rysski _khyai Clrnlei.‘
>mttp4//pereiarhen.sk/taplo/clrnleiga
>mttp4//pereiarhen.sk/ taplo/clrnleigatajregl.mt
tajregl.mthn9
hn9

?<
 [he vkz tlvk uhe kxpkrläiole quk iuioe ksqukokrkl, då quk hk kisliau e
vkr`e`k `kstk oaioklta. Uuei`a kxkrole rkjunerhkitk vle hultas peolkitks kh
oai`lêûks `èglokls k orailoes.
Plime a måflta `k gener e @kus kh slnäiola uhe frkvk areêïa pere quk hk
arlkitessk eitks `k oe`e tretehkita3 k omkjukl e eprkoler _ue edu`e kh hultes
aoeslûks quei`a hku prÿprla oaimkolhkita kre lisuguolkitk.
[h `le, `kpals `k `lzkr
`lz kr kh slnäiola uhe areêïa kh fusoe `k edu`e, pus hlime
etkiêïa kh uh peolkitk quk ksteve `klte`a kh uhe heoe ie grkitk. Ikstk hahkita,
`ks`k a oìu rkokfl uh prkskitk `k kitki`lhkita. Rkrokfl quk ksteve `k pì ie
prkskiêe `k uh tkhpna sejre`a3 a tkhpna `a oarpa. Hk kioml `k uh skitlhkita hels
pragui`a `k e`hlreêïa k rkvkräiole. Ksse pkrokpêïa lisplre`are rkvknau e vkr`e`k
safrk a oarpa kh uh ièvkn hulta hels enta `k oahprkkisïa quk iuioe mevle tl`a.
Kste kxpkrläiole ksplrltuen
ksplrltuen hu`au e heiklre ie quen vkda es pkssaes, skhprk
skitl hulta ehar k rkspklta pkne muheil`e`k3 hes ejare hk `kl oaite `k quk e
vkr`e`k `e iasse kxlstäiole ì hels pragui`e k sejre`e `a quk lhejliehas. _ahas
vkr`e`klras skrks ksplrltuels quk tkhas uhe kxpkrläiole equl ie Pkrre.
Oaha skus Rkisehkitas Egkteh e Autras
_kus pkisehkitas tkh arljkh `e sue litknljäiole ksplrltuen k tkh uh kgklta
pragui`a iequknks quk tk ra`kleh. _kus pkisehkitas sïa kikrjle k kstïa
oaitliuehkitk lrre`lei`a `k sku oarpa, skh nlhltks.
E kikrjle `k skus pkisehkitas
pkisehkitas k skitlhkitas kkxkrokh
xkrokh uh kgklta sut
sutlnln ia
rksta `es pkssaes, esslh oaha kh autres garhes `k vl`e. Kstehas oaisteitkhkitk
kh oaiteta oah as `khels, ia `ei`a oaite au iïa, de d e quk ta`e kikrjle ì oaitliue k
oaikote`e.
[he peolkitk omehe`e Nli`e vkla hk vkr. Re`kole `e ` e _èi`rahk `k Ge`lje
Orðiloe. Hk `lssk quk as slitahes `k sue kigkrhl`e`k surjlreh eitks `kne oahkêer e
`lvl`lr uhe pertk `k sku ksorltÿrla oah uhe hunmkr hulta ikjetlve. Kste hunmkr
ksteve oaisteitkhkitk quklxei`a-sk `k tu`a. Nli`e skitle quk e kikrjle `ksse hunmkr
mevle pravaoe`a e ksplren `ksoki`kitk kh sue seô`k.
As Rkisehkitas sïa Oalses
As eitljas ourei`klras tlimeh uh kitki`lhkita pragui`a `a pa`kr `a
pkisehkita. Kh hkus skhliårlas utlnlza uhe prave slhpnks pere lnustrer oaha as
pkisehkitas pa`kh tkr uh kgklta pa`krasa safrk e hkitk k a oarpa `k autre pkssae,
lionuslvk e `lstæiole.
Pkima uh vanuitårla `k pì kh grkitk â sene, `k oastes pere e pnetìle. Vkenlza
uh råpl`a tkstk husouner pere esskjurer-hk `k quk kstk epta3 pkêa pere `lzkr
„ehar‘3 k ie oaitliueêïa, prksslaia suevkhk
suevkhkitk,
itk, hes oah glrhkze safrk sku freêa
kstki`l`a. Lssa `kvkrle `er uhe gartk rkspaste ia hôsouna, knk `kvkrle skr oepez `k
rkslstlr hlime prkssïa pere felxa skh ikimuh prafnkhe. Naja, pkêa pere `lzkr „ÿ`la‘
k iavehkitk prksslaia safrk sku freêa quk ejare kste `kflnlte`a gezki`a oah quk
iïa passe rkslstlr.
[he vkz quk hk esskjura `k quk kstehas praitas pere e `khaistreêïa pkêa
quk pkrheikêe `k anmas gkome`as k sue hkitk onere. Esskjura-hk `k hk heitkr
tehfìh oah e hkitk onere pere iïa litkrgkrlr ie `khaistreêïa. @kpals li`loa e
pnetìle quk quei`a `kr a slien oanaoei`a hku pankjer pere olhe trås `k sues oastes,
tkh quk kivler
kxkhpna, slnkiolasehkitk
„tk eha‘ eas vanuitårlas
au „vaoä ì herevlnmasa‘. pkisehkitas
@lja â pnetìle qukpasltlvas,
quei`a `kroaha par
a slien

02
oanaoei`a a pankjer pere felxa etrås `k sues oastes, tkh quk kivler pkisehkitas
ikjetlvas ea vanuitårla, oaha par kxkhpna, „tk a`kla‘ au „vaoä hk `å iåuskes‘.
Oah a slien `k hku pankjer pere olhe, e pnetìle oahkêe e kivler as sliels
pasltlvas etì knk k ku prksslaia suevkhkitk pere felxa sku freêa kstloe`a. Gloa kh
slnäiola `ureitk e `khaistreêïa pere `khaistrer e pnetìle quk sue kikrjle `k
pkisehkita ì uiloehkitk e quk kste orlei`a a kgklta. _kh kxokêïa a freêa `e pkssae
kste skhprk gartk.
Naja `au slien `a pankjer pere felxa k e pnetìle oahkêe e kivler ea vanuitårla
as pkisehkitas ikjetlvas. Iavehkitk prksslaia sku freêa3 hes ia nujer `k skr gartk
sku freêa kste skhprk `ìfln. Nkhfrei`a quk `ureitk kstk praokssa, knk iïa sk `å
oaite oaisolkitkhkitk `k quk slien kstå `ei`a e pnetìle. Iïa sahkitk quk kste `k
oastes oaha tehfìh hlime oahuiloeêïa oah e pnetìle iïa ì vkrfen, as sliels quk
geêa oah e hlime hïa sïa etrås `k sues oastes k skus anmas kstïa gkome`as.
Kste slhpnks prave tkh `e`a oaistkhkitk rksunte`as oaiglåvkls `ureitk ta`as
hkus eias kisliei`a kh skhliårlas. Guiolaie parquk kstehas gkltas `k kikrjle k as
pkisehkitas tehfìh sïa kikrjle. Uuei`a e kikrjle `k pkisehkita `k autras pesse
etrevìs `k sku oehpa kikrjìtloa, skhprk mevkrå uh kgklta skde knk pasltlva au
ikjetlva. Ikstk oesa as pkisehkitas ikjetlvas `e pnetìle safrk a vanuitårla a
`kflnlteh `k garhe `khaistråvkn skus pkisehkitas pasltlvas a gartenkokh. Kste prave
gesolieitk k lionuslvk slhpnks tkh enjuhes lhpnloeêûks festeitk pragui`es.
Oah okrtkze, skus prÿprlas pkisehkitas tkrleh a kgklta hels `råstloa k
lhk`leta safrk a kste`a `k sku prÿprla oehpa `k kikrjle. E traoe `k sku pkisehkita
`k pasltlva e ikjetlva ha`lgloerå lhk`letehkitk sue kikrjle vlfreolaien
vlfreolaien `k pasltlve e
ikjetlve. Likvltevknhkitk
Likvltevknhkitk lssa pra`uzlrå rksunte`as ikjetlvas3 a hels ÿfvla k lhk`leta
ì uhe `kflnl`e`k jkikrenlze`e `a oarpa. Wkrås oaha as pkisehkitas ikjetlvas
egkteh sku oarpa `kflnltei`a as ÿrjïa k tkol`as `a hksha3 k oaha oaitliue ikssk
kste`a pa`k skr pkrljasa pere sue seô`k k fkh kster.
_ku sufoaisolkitk kstå e per `as pkisehkitas ikjetlvas quk pa`krleh kster
prkdu`loei`a-tk ski`a
ski`a quk sk tretk `k skus prÿprlas pkisehkitas au iïa.
Grkqþkitkhkitk sue hkitk oaisolkitk ì nkite pere `ktkoter kikrjles ikjetlves sk iïa
pa`k vkr praves `knes, oaha kxprkssûks geolels, nlijuejkh oarparen au oahuiloeêïa
vkrfen. Kste „prave‘ ì e tkh tk kislie`a e fusoer `ks`k quk kre uhe pkqukie orleiêe.
Eork`lta quk ta`as iÿs gahas `k enjuhe heiklre liskislflnlze`e, kitïa e
helarle `k iÿs iïa sahas oepezks `k `ktkoter oaisolkitkhkitk
oaisolkitkhkitk e kikrjle quk iïa
pa`khas vkr.
Fahfer`kereh-ias oah ligarheêïa `ks`k a `le kh quk iesokhas, safrk
oaha sk supûk quk ì hui`a.
_ahas pkrspkotlves, aplilûks, prkduèzas, tre`lêûks, tkarles, gkltas k `autrlies
li`uzl`es. Kspkrehas quk a quk tkhas eprki`l`a kstkde feske`a ie vkr`e`k. Wehas â
ksoane pere eprki`kr as „gkltas‘ safrk e ieturkze, oläiole k e mlstÿrle `a hui`a. Ia
hahkita quk omkjehas â gesk e`unte, iasses l`ìles safrk a hui`a kstïa
ksskiolenhkitk kh sku nujer.
Uuei`a omkje uhe iave ligarheêïa ì slhpnkshkitk ieturen quk iasses
hkitks skdeh nkites pere eoklter k kitki`kr es oalses quk iïa kioelxeh oah e
ligarheêïa e`qulrl`e prkvlehkitk. Lssa pa`k skr `lgèoln `k eoklter, sk e iave
ligarheêïa
safrktu`a skrkqukr quk geêehas
vel oaitre enjuhes
a quk ias hu`eiêes kh iasse heiklre `k pkiser,
gal kislie`a.

05
 E Ieturkze `es Oalses
E helarle `k iÿs iuioe sk litkrau `k quk tu`a quk ias ra`kle kste gklta `k
kikrjle vlfrei`a kh `lgkrkitks ièvkls, gezki`a oah quk es oalses perkêeh `lgkrkitks,
quk tkimeh `lgkrkitks sefarks k erahes, k sk sliteh `k heiklre `lgkrkitk. Wlvkhas
ia quk ku jasta
jasta `k omeher `k uilvkrsa „Nkja‘. Ia oesa kh quk ksteve vlvki`a kh
uhe oevkrie (au tenvkz iïa tkime kxpkrläiole oah orleiêes) as Nkjas sïa pkqukias
tldanas `k pnåstloa quk vkh kh `lgkrkitks oarks, teheimas k garhes. Pa`as equknks
quk enjuhe vkz gareh e uh perquk tkhåtloa Nkjanei` pa`k `lzkr quk kssks pkqukias
tldanas pa`kh skr utlnlze`as pere haiter `ks`k knkgeitks e jrei`ks erreime-oìus.
Iassa uilvkrsa tehfìh kste gklta `k pkqukias tldanas omehe`as pertèounes
sufetðhloes kh rkenl`e`k, iïa sïa pertèounes3 hes pa`kh lhejliå-nes oaha uil`e`ks
`k kikrjle ligliltehkitk pkqukies. Oanaoe-sk suglolkitk queitl`e`k `ksses pkqukies
kikrjles duites, aftìh uh åtaha. Oaha as Nkjas, `lgkrkitks `lspaslêûks `ksses
pkqukies kikrjles pra`uzlrïa åtahas `k knkhkitas `lstlitas, oaha a Ml`rajäila, a
Oerfaia, a Pltæila, kto. Lislsta oaha as Nkjas, vårlas åtahas pa`kh skr oanaoe`as
pere gezkr hanìounes quk omehehas `k pratkèies, nlpè`las, oerfal`retas, k esslh
suoksslvehkitk.. Rar ôntlha, ta`es es oalses quk vkhas ea iassa rk`ar k nltkrenhkitk
suoksslvehkitk
tu`a quk kxlstk, skde vkjkten, eilhen, hlikren, jås, nèqul`a, sÿnl`a au quenqukr autre
oalse kstïa gkltes `kssks pkqukias tldanas, as quels kstïa gkltas `k kikrjle.
A Hlstkrlasa Hui`a Uuæitloa
Es pertèounes sufetðhloes iïa sïa rkenhkitk pertèounes3 ie vkr`e`k sïa uh
„queituh‘ au queitl`e`k `k enja quk ì festeitk li`kglièvkn. E gèsloe quæitloe au
kstu`a `kstes uil`e`ks hkiarks `k kikrjle oahkêereh oah Enfkrt Klistkli k skus
oaitkhparæikas. Kssks frlnmeitks olkitlstes knefarereh enjuis kxpkrlhkitas hulta
kijkimasas ia litkita `k `ksoafrlr hels safrk e ieturkze `kstes kikrjles. [h `as
espkotas hels surprkki`kitks `e livkstljeêïa quæitloe rkvkne quk es kikrjles sk
oahparteh `k `lgkrkitks heiklres `kpki`ki`a `a quk a afskrve`ar kste kspkrei`a
vkr. Hultas gèsloas eork`lteh quk e ôiloe kxpnloeêïa `kssks oahpartehkitas
hlstkrlasas ì quk es kikrjles `kitra `a åtaha sïa litknljkitks kh enjuis pkqukias
ièvkls52.
Kh uh gehasa kxpkrlhkita as olkitlstes `lvl`lre
`lvl`lrehh uh åtaha, kivlei`a `ues
`k sues pertèounes (au kikrjles) vledei`a kh `lrkêûks `lstlites quesk ie vknaol`e`k `e
nuz. [he vkz quk es pertèounes mevleh vlede`a uhe `lstæiole `ktkrhlie`e kh `lrkêûks
`lgkrkitks, uhe `es pertèounes pessau etrevìs `k uh oehpa hejiìtloa patkitk
p atkitk quk
traoau e `lrkêïa `k sue vlejkh.
vlejkh. Ia hksha listeitk, sue pertèoune lrhï tehfì
tehfìhh
traoau `k `lrkêïa. Rrkolsehkitk ia hksha æijuna.
Hksha quk uhe `lstæiole oaisl`kråvkn es skpereve es `ues pertèounes ksteveh
eli`e hlstkrlasehkitk oaikote`es. A quk eoaitkole e uhe listeiteikehkitk egkteve
e autre, epkser `e `lstæiole au `e skpereêïa. Oaha eork`lter quk lsta pa`k skr
passèvkn1 Oaha pu`kreh kstes pkqukies kikrjles rkenlzer skhknmeitk geêeime `k
listeitæike oahuiloeêïa sk ksteve tïa skpere`as155.
eperkitkhkitk listeitæike
Ilijuìh sefk rkenhkitk oah okrtkze, ea hkias iïa eli`e. Kitrkteita, e gèsloe
quæitloe tkh `khaistre`a kstk gkiðhkia uhe k autre vkz. Vkenlzei`a uh
havlhkita kh uhe pertèoune, oeuserå uh havlhkita listeitæika k kqulvenkitk kh

52 Dkrry @. Zmketnky, Pmk Ieturk ag Oaisolausikss, (Rmakilx,ET4 Vkskerom _olkitlglo Rrkss), 77=.

55
@r. Nkk Zerrki, F.E.,@.@.,Oaiikotk`ikss Rert 5, mttp4//www.pnlh.arj-oaiikotk`ikss.mth

06
uhe pertèoune oaikote`e, iïa lhparte quïa `lsteitk kstkde. Rerkok quk q `lstæiole iïa
ì uh afståouna pere e oaikotlvl`e`k `k sue kikrjle. Vkoar`e tu`a kste oaikote`e
kitrk sl!56.
Vkoar`ei`a as Cehlcezks
Kstk gkiðhkia likxpnloåvkn iïa sk nlhlte ea oahpartehkita `es pertèounes
sufetðhloes li`lvl`uels. Rarìh, kste kstreime oaikotlvl`e`k tehfìh sk `khaistrau
ies oìnunes `a oarpa muheia.
Kh uh kstu`a hulta oaimkol`a, as jnÿfunas freioas `a seijuk gareh
kxtreè`as `k uhe pkssae k oanaoe`as kh uhe Rneoe `k Rrktl. As jnÿfunas freioas sïa
rkspaisåvkls `k fusoer k `kstrulr feotìrles kstreimes, taxlies k autras livesarks. A
li`lvè`ua gal oaikote`a e knktra`as pere hk`lr e etlvl`e`k knìtrloe `k sku oarpa. _kus
jnÿfunas freioas gareh tehfìh naoenlze`as kh uh `lspasltlva entehkitk
ent ehkitk skisèvkn quk
gal oepez `k hk`lr sue etlvl`e`k knìtrloe. Hk`lêûks kxetes `a ièvkn `k etlvl`e`k
knìtrloe gareh tahe`es teita `a peolkitk oaha `k skus jnÿfunas freioas.
[h `as mahks ia kstu`a mevle skrvl`a a kxìrolta `ureitk e _kjui`e Jukrre
Hui`len kh uh parte- evlûks etreoe`a ia Reoègloa. Kiqueita ksteve enl, plnatas
sulol`es, cehlcezks depaiksks mevleh eteoe`a. A mahkh ksteve etkrrarlze`a k hels
`k uhe vkz tkvk okrtkze `k quk le harrkr.
@kpals `k mevkr sl`a oaikote`a ea knktra`as, nmk hastrereh uhe skqþäiole `k
okies `k plnatas cehlcezks hkrjunmei`a k eteoei`a parte evlûks `ureitk e jukrre.
Kstk kre uh eoaitkolhkita quk mevle aoarrl`a må hulta tkhpa, sku oarpa iïa mevle
ksqukol`a. E eislk`e`k eju`e quk `k rkpkitk skitlu sk heilgkstau lhk`letehk
lhk`letehkitk
itk ie
nklture `as knktra`as kh sku oarpa
Lsta iïa ì surprkki`kit
surprkki`kitk.k. Hes as livkstlje`arks ksteveh essahfre`as ea vkr
quk skus jnÿfunas freioas `a autra ne`a `e sene hastreveh kxetehkitk a hksha
rksunte`a `e nklture.
Ehfes es nkltures kre ksskiolenhkitk ljuels. Es oarrkitks knìtrloes `es oìnunes
kreh `k rkpkitk tïa lrrkjunerks oaha e grkqþäiole kh sku oarpa.
@ksnljereh a pradktar k e etlvl`e`k knìtrloe teita `a mahkh oaha `k skus
jnÿfunas freioas `a autra ne`a `e sene vantereh â i iarhenl`e`k.
arhenl`e`k.
As olkitlstes hen pa`leh eork`lter. Vkpktlreh a tkstk verles vkzks, oe`e vkz
oah rksunte`as slhlnerks. _lhpnkshkitk pere sefkr a quk pa`krle suok`kr, sk rkpktlu
a tkstk hels uhe vkz, hes e `lstæiole kitrk a peolkitk k skus jnÿfunas freioas
euhkitau. @k geta, a `lspasltlva `k hk`lêïa quk oaitlime as jnÿfunas freioas quk
mevleh sl`a nkve`as e autra nefaretÿrla e clnahktras `k `lstæiole k sk rkpktlu a tkstk.
Juer`ei`a rkjlstras prkolasas `a tkhpa k `es etlvl`e`ks knìtrloes `a mahkh
ie sene k `k sues oìnunes e hultas clnahktras `k `lstæiole, sk rkpktk a kxpkrlhkita
uhe k autre vkz. Hastrereh ea mahkh e lhejkh `as cehlcezks k naja nmk gal
pkrhltl`a rknexer. E oaitliueêïa nmk hastrau es okies iavehkitk k nmk pkrhltlreh
rknexer. E etlvl`e`k knìtrloe ies nkltures `a mahkh k iequknes `as jnÿfunas freioas
vlvkitks e hultas clnahktras `k `lstæiole oaliol`lreh a tkhpa ta`a.
As rksunte`as `kstk tkstk gareh oaitre tu`a a quk sk mevle kislie`a e kstks
olkitlstes. Rkrjuitk e quenqukr uh sk uh mahkh quk sk lioaha`e esslstli`a uh
glnhk pa`k gezkr oah quk sues oìnunes `a seijuk etukh `k heiklre lioðha`e- e

56 R.O.Z.@evlks, Dunlei V.Frawi, Pmk Jast li tmk Etah3 E @lsousslai ag tmk Hlstkrlks ag Uueituh Rmyslos (Oehfrl`jk, [C3 Oeh-
frl`jk [ilvkrslty Rrkss, 5<<<),.

0?
hultas clnðhktras `k `lstæiole- k oah okrtkze lrleh rlr `k vaoä. _ae lhpassèvkn, hes
aoarrku rkenhkitk5?.
A [ilvkrsa Litknljkitk
Pehfìh eoaitkokreh oalses hels surprkki`kitks `a quk kste. Rerkokh
efsanutehkitk hlnejrases parquk iïa es kitki`khas. @k geta, rkokitkhkitk
kstehas oahkêei`a e kitki`kr e hlstkrlase ieturkze `e kikrjle, oaha guiolaie k
oaha pa`k skr epravklte`e.
Eork`lta quk uh `as helarks skjrk`as `a uilvkrsa kste oahkêei`a e skr `ksoafkrta
kxetehkitk ejare.
Kstk jrei`k skjrk`a tkh e vkr oah a ha`kria `ksoafrlhkita `e ieturkze
litknljkitk `es pertèounes sufetðhloes au `e ieturkze litknljkitk `e kikrjle.
Lhejlik par uh hahkita quk a quk `lzkh as gèsloas quæitloas ì vkr`e`k. Lhejlik par
uh hahkita quk a uilvkrsa kh quk vlvkhas kste oahpnktehkitk gklta `k kikrjle,
quk sïa kh sl hkshe `k enjuhe heiklre litknljkitks.
Rkise ilsta. E oe`klre kh quk vaoä kste skite`a ikstk hahkita kste gklte `k kikrjle.
Ksse kikrjle ì litknljkitk. E sue oe`klre iïa pa`k „pkiser‘, hes kh okrta ièvkn, sue
oe`klre kste oahpaste par lioaitåvkls pkqukies kikrjles quk kstïa gezki`a
prkolsehkitk a quk sk supûk pere heitkr sue oe`klre oaha ì edu`ei`a quk tkime
uhe kxpkrläio
kxpkrläiolele „rken‘ ikstk hui`a.
Hex Rneic, uhe `es hkitks hels frlnmeitks `a sìouna ]], oaisl`kre`a pel `e
tkarle quæitloe, gkz e skjulitk eglrheêïa quei`a nmk kitrkjereh a Rrähla Iafkn `k
Gèsloe4
„Oaha mahkh quk må `k`loe`a sue vl`e litklre e hels onere oläiole `k oefkoklre, ea
kstu`a `e hetìrle, a quk slh passa nmks `lzkr oaha rksunte`a `k hlime livkstljeêïa
safrk as åtahas ì quk4 iïa kxlstk e hetìrle oaha ten. Pa`e e hetìrle tkh arljkh k sÿ
kxlstk kh vlrtu`k `k uhe garêe quk
q uk gez vlfrer e pertèoune `k uh åtaha k heitìh uil`a e
kssk pkqukièsslha slstkhe saner `a åtaha. @kvkhas supar quk par `ktrås `ksse garêe
kxlstk uhe hkitk oaisolkitk litknljkitk. Ksse hkitk ì e hetrlz `k ta`e hetìrle.‘
A pa`kr `e litkiêïa
_ue litkiêïa ì slhpnkshkitk autre garhe `k kikrjle. Ku jasta ja sta `k pkiser ikne
oaha uhe garhe `lrljl`e `e kikrjle `a pkisehkita.
@kvl`a quk e kikrjle ì litknljkitk, kste rkenhkitk tkh e meflnl`e`k `k
afk`kokr au oaapkrer oah e sue litulêïa.
As eitljas ourei`klras `khaistrereh uhe litkrprkteêïa `kstk oaioklta4 a
uilvkrsa kste omkla k gklta `k kikrjle litknljkitk oepez `k rkspai`kr e litkiêïa.
Dksus Orlsta ì eli`e madk oaimkol`a oaha helar ourei`klra `k ta`as as
tkhpas, parquk knk oureve `k heiklre ratliklre e okjas k perenètloas,
K lionuslvk nkveiteve as hartas. _ku prlhklra hlnejrk, epkser `k iïa skr uhe oure,
`khaistre `k heiklre `råstloe a oaioklta `k kikrjle litknljkitk.
Dksus ksteve oah skus `lsoèpunas kh uh oesehkita, kh quk a eigltrlïa gloau skh
vlima a quk kre uhe tkrrèvkn „jegk‘ iequknks `les. Dksus ar`kiau
ar`kiau eas khprkje`as quk
kiomksskh jrei`ks veslnmes `k åjue, e quen naja treisgarhau kh vlima pere a
essahfra `k ta`as equknks prkskitks. Ku eork`lta quk Dksus slhpnkshkitk `lssk â
åjue quk sk oaivkrtkssk kh vlima k kne slhpnkshkitk afk`koku e sue penevre.
Kitrkteita, eork`lta quk guiolaiau parquk e prÿprle åjue kre litknljkitk, parteita
oepez `k afk`kokr âs ar`kis `a Orlsta (Daïa 645-55 iave vkrsïa Clij Dehks).

5?
tknkvlsk` nkoturk, Eprln 6220.
@kkpeoc Omapre tknkvlsk`

00
 Åjue1(vkrlgloer oaioar`æiole)
_k _kitk Oehlimei`a _afrk e Åjue1(vkrlgloer
Autra kxkhpna `e Fèfnle ì uhe mlstÿrle quk kivanvk a epÿstana Rk`ra. Dksus
mevle hei`e`a skus epÿstanas quk oruzesskh a her kiqueita knk sufle uhe
haiteime pere rkzer. As epÿstanas ksteveh kh sku feroa kh hkla e uh her
turfunkita quei`a ias prlhklras relas `k san vlreh uhe gljure oehlimei`a etk knks
safrk es åjues. As epÿstanas ksteveh etkrrarlze`as k pkisereh quk gassk uh
geiteshe. Uuei`a sk `kreh oaite `k quk kre sku Hkstrk, Rk`ra nmk jrltau4 „_kimar,
sk krks tu, ar`kik quk ku vå etk tl safrk es åjues‘. Dksus `lssk4 „Wkh‘. Rk`ra selu `a
feroa k oahkêau e oehlimer safrk e åjue etk Dksus. Ksteve oehlimei`a safrk e åjue!
Hes quei`a anmau ea sku rk`ar k vlu a quïa eitlieturen kre a quk ksteve gezki`a k a
quïa gartk kre e tkhpkste`k, oahkêau e tkhkr k lhk`letehkitk oahkêau e egui`er.
Rk`ra nmk jrltau4 „_kimar, hk senve!‘.
senve!‘. K Dksus kstki`ku sue hïa, a skjurau. Dksus
`lssk4 „Mahkh `k pauoe gì! Rar quk `uvl`estk1‘. (Hetmkus 50466-?5
50466-?5 iave vkrsïa Clij
Dehks) .
Rk`ra oahkêau oah gì e orkr quk pa`le oehlimer safrk e åjue. _ue gì k sue
litkiêïa kreh tïa pa`krases quk kh vkr`e`k gal oepez `k gezä-na. Es litknljäioles `e
åjue slhpnkshkitk rkspai`kreh e sue orkiêe k litkiêïa `k heiklre lhk`lete k a
kste`a iarhen `es oalses hu`ereh listeiteikehkitk pere epaler sue litkiêïa. Ia
hahkita kh quk Rk`ra oahkêau e tkhkr sue onere litkiêïa k gì kh sue prÿprle
meflnl`e`k `k oehlimer safrk e åjue oahkêau e `lhliulr. Uuei`a sue gì `lhliulu, sue
onere litkiêïa sk `lsslpau k oahkêau e egui`er-sk parquk a uilvkrsa tlime quk
rkspai`kr e sku iava kste`a `k æilha.
Wkde, Rk`ra oahkêau e egui`er parquk oahkêau e `uvl`er, k tkhkr. E `uvl`e k
a hk`a sïa apastas e gì k iïa pa`kh oakxlstlr.
A [ilvkrsa tehfìh epÿle sues orkiêes e rkspklta `k sl hksha. _k vaoä pkise
quk iïa pa`k, a [ilvkrsa epalere ksse orkiêe k iïa treisoki`krås.
Rar autra ne`a, sk pkise quk pa`k, a uilvkrsa epalere ksse orkiêe k tk etrlfulrå
pa`krks.
Oehlimei`a ia Er
Kh taria `k `als hksks epÿs e hartk `a hku pel, tlvk uh saima liuslte`a. Gal
hulta pragui`a pere hlh k a tahkl oaha uhe hkisejkh `k @kus. _aimkl quk ksteve
oehlimei`a par uh oarrk`ar `k uhe uilvkrsl`e`k. A oarrk`ar ksteve omkla `k jkitk

aoupe`e
liuslte`akh
hkskus prÿprlasKsteve
eoaitkoku. essuitas. Mevle hulte
nltkrenhkitk jkitk khiavante
oehlimei`a `k hlh, hes enja
er, epraxlhe`ehkitk
uhe pankje`e `a plsa k e skiseêïa kre efsanutehkitk kre liorèvkn, tretkl `k oehlimer
hels råpl`a, pere vkr sk hu`eve hlime enture. Iïa hu`au, oaitliueve oehlimei`a e
uhe pankje`e `a plsa k e skiseêïa kre li`ksorltèvkn!
Ilijuìh ea hku rk`ar perkole iater lssa då quk ksteveh oaiokitre`as ia quk
ksteveh gezki`a. Ku pkiskl4 „_k passa oehlimer e uhe pankje`e `a omïa, epasta quk
passa oehlimer e uh pì `a omïa‘. Ikh fkh pkiskl lssa, aoarrku! Ksteve oehlimei`a
e uh pì `k `lstæiole `a sana! Ikssk paita, anmkl etrås `k hlh k vl uh jrupa `k
orleiêes oah as anmas glxas kh hlh. Knks tehfìh ksteveh oehlimei`a e uh pì `a
sana oaha ku, epkser `k quk ilijuìh hels perkole iater a quk ksteve aoarrki`a.
Oaitliukl oehlimei`a k `ksoafrl quk pa`le enoeiêer e enture quk `kskdessk r
iïa hulta `kpals hlime oefkêe ksteve quesk taoei`a a tkta.

0;
 Ikstk hahkita, hk `kl oaite quk ta`as mevleh
m evleh pere`a a quk ksteveh
gezki`a k jlrereh skus rastas pere hlh. Litkrrajeveh-hk `lzki`a-hk4 „Oaha gez
lssa1 Oaha ì passèvkn quk kstkde gezki`a a quk kste gezki`a1‘.
gezki`a1‘.
E rkspaste quk ku `kl gal uhe hkisejkh `k @kus pere hlh, k quk ejare ì uhe
hkisejkh `k @kus pere vaoä.
@lssk-nmks4 „Ì gåoln! Pu`a quk tkh quk gezkr ì eork`lter quk pa`k gezä-na k
ejre`kokr e @kus quk a kste gezki`a!‘.
Naja anmkl pere grkitk `a oarrk`ar k vl vårles partes `k vl`ra quk oai`uzleh
pere gare. Mevle nli`es oanlies vkr`ks, hels listeneêûks `a oehpus k uh vesta oìu
efkrta. Rkiskl oahlja4 „Uuei`a pesser `a autra ne`a `es partes pa`krå vaer!‘.vaer!‘.
Gal ikstk hahkita quk eoar`kl. Eli`e kh kste`a `k saianäiole, hk `kl oaite
onerehkitk `a quk sljilgloeve a saima. A geta `k quk ku pu`kssk oehlimer ia er
sljilgloeve quk ku pa`le gezkr tu`a âqulna quk ku eork`ltessk passèvkn, skhprk quei`a
kstlvkssk ejre`kol`a e @kus `a quk ksteve gezki`a. Es orleiêes slhfanlzeveh a
slhpnks, e gì pure `es hkitks iïa rkstrlijl`es par uhe vl`e `k e`qulrl`es nlhlteêûks.
Es partes tlimeh uh `upna sljilgloe`a, slhfanlzeveh as nlhltks quk lhpahas e
iÿs hkshas ikste vl`e harten k tehfìh sljilgloeveh e hartk. Rertk `e hkisejkh
kre quk hku pel ksteve trås `equknes partes k quk knk pa`k pa`le vaer skh nlhltks
tkrrkias e sues meflnl`e`ks.
Kxprkssereh-sk kssk saima kh garhe `k uhe kqueêïa hetkhåtloe, vkrle esslh
„_[E OVKIÊE @K U[K RA@K GETÄ-NA+ _[E JVEPL@ÏA E @K[_ @A U[K K_PE
GETKI@A8 A_ VK_[NPE@A_ U[K WAOÄ U[KV AFPKV‘ AFPKV‘
Oahkêerèehas enja sk iïa eork`ltåsskhas quk pa`krèehas gezä-na1 Iïa.
Eork`lter ì a prlhklra pessa, ì ksskiolen k ikokssårla pere tu`a quk gezkhas.
E jretl`ïa ì uhe pertk ksskiolen `kste kqueêïa k iïa passa supkr kigetlzer e
( vkrlgloer oaioar`æiole)
lhpartæiole `e penevre gezki`a (vkrlgloer oaioar`æiole).. Kh autres penevres, sue
jretl`ïa e @kus safrk a quk kste gezki`a ì sljilgloetlve parquk ì e @kus e qukh
`kvkhas tu`a a quk tkhas k sahas, k ì e Knk e qukh `kvkhas oe`e apartuil`e`k
quk eperkok kh iassa oehlima, sk tkis uhe hkte quk qukr enoeiêer, k lhejlik a
quïa ejre`kol`a ksterle sk då tlvkssk enoeiêe`a sk pa`k skitlr k kspkre quk esslh skde
esslh skrå.
Uuei`a eprki`kr e ountlver e jretl`ïa e @kus pkna quk då tkh, sue gì k sue

orkiêe
ta`es eseuhkiterïa pkna quen vaoä hksha tk epraxlherå e ksse gaitk `k garêe quk
oalses gnukh.
Naja sk kioaitrerå gezki`a ksse oalse kh pertlouner quk uhe vkz gal epkies
uh saima.
Uuei`a sku oareêïa kste omkla `k jretl`ïa, pkise quk ì passèvkn skitlr `uvl`e
au hk`a1 Ku iïa eork`lta. Rere skr uh ourei`klra, iïa `kvk efrljer pkisehkitas `k
`ôvl`es3 `kvk `klxer skus hk`as pere trås. _ku oareêïa `kvk kster omkla `k ehar k
jretl`ïa.
Pkite lssa oah A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks3 ì gåoln. Pu`a a quk tkh quk gezkr ì
eork`lter k skr jreta k skrå oepez `k gezä-na. Gena sìrla k nltkrenhkitk!

Hkisejkis `e Åjue
[h olkitlste depaiäs, Heseru Khata, gkz uhe herevlnmase oaitrlfulêïa e iasse
oahprkkisïa `a hui`a kikrjktloa quk ias ra`kle. _ku nlvra litltune`a Pmk Ml``ki
Hkssejks li Zetkr (Es hkisejkis aountes ie åjue), hastre e livkstljeêïa `a _r.

07
Khata safrk e kstruture orlstenlie `e åjue. A _r. Khata k skus oankjes `ksoafrlreh
quk es jatlimes `k åjue garheveh
g arheveh `kskimas orlstenlias k hulta `lgkrkitks au „gnaoas
`k ikvk‘ epÿs skr kxpaste e `lgkrkitks tlpas `k hôsloe k ie skqþäiole oaijkne`as. E
kxpaslêïa ea raoc åol`a rksuntau kh uh orlsten hulta `lsgarhk, kiqueita uhe sligaile
`k Hazert rksuntau kh uh orlsten garhe`a `k heiklre nli`e.
Ressas pastkrlarks `k sue livkstljeêïa `khaistrau quk e ksorlte `k `lgkrkitks
penevres au gresks kh uh pk`eêa `k pepkn k epÿs skr prksa e uh gresoa oah åjue par
ta`e e ialtk, rksuntau kh `lgkrkitks kstrutures orlstenlies.
E gresk „Pk Eha‘
Eha‘ rksuntau liverlevknhkitk kh uh nli`a orlsten slhìtrloa k
fkh garhe`a3 kiqueita e gresk „Pk A`kla‘ rksuntau kh uh orlsten hulta esslhìtrloa
k `lsgarhk.
@k ta`as, as orlstels hels litkisehkitk nli`as sk garhereh quei`a e åjue gal
Jretl`ïa‘‘ 50.
kxpaste ta`e e ialtk e gresk „Ehar k Jretl`ïa
Nkhfre quk sku oarpa ì gklta ì oahpasta par hels `k :2% `k åjue. Ra`k vkr a
quïa lhparteitk ì heitkr skus pkisehkitas pasltlvas kh vkz `k ikjetlvas1 Lhejlie
oaha skrle sue vl`e sk tk prkkiomkssk `k ehar k jretl`ïa `k heiklre rkjuner. Lhejlie
oaha es pkssaes skrleh etrel`es par vaoä. Lhejlik oaha skrle sue vl`e. Eork`lta quk
iasses vl`es kstïa prajrehe`es pere lssa!
Nl hultes kxpkrläioles ksorltes par pkssaes quk harrkreh k gareh ea „autra
ne`a‘ `k heiklre tkhparårle. Iatkl quk kh sues kxpkrläioles safrk e hartk, iuioe
pkrjuitereh e ksses pkssaes quk tlpa `k oerra `lrljle ie Pkrre au quïa jrei`k kre sue
oaite feioårle. Ea oaitrårla, grkqþkitkhk
grkqþkitkhkitk itk nmks pkrjuiteh „Uueita ehar gareh
oepezks `k `er e skus oahpeimklras `k kxlstäiole1
kxlstäiole1‘‘ k „Uueita oaimkolhkita gareh
gare h
oepezks `k e`qulrlr ie Pkrre1‘.
Ie vl`e sk trete `k tkr enkjrle. Prete-sk `k liorkhkiter iasses meflnl`e`ks `k
`er k rkokfkr ehar sk trete `k e`qulrlr ta`a a oaimkolhkita quk passehas. Pu`a sk
trete `k skrvlr eas autras, skitlr jretl`ïa par tu`a quk tkhas k eprki`kr e orler e vl`e
quk qukrkhas.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es `lglounteh kxpkrlhkiter ksses enkjrles k tki`kh e
oeuser-ias ourtas olroultas teita gèsloe queita khaolaienhkit
khaolaienhkitk.k.
A Oehpa Kikrjìtloa Muheia
Enjuhes `ìoe`es etrås, a pkisehkita olkitlgloa ikjeve quenqukr tlpa `k

oehpa kikrjìtloaEjare
oahpnktehkitk. muheia. @ks`k
sefkh oahkitïa as olkitlstes
efsanute hu`ereh
okrtkze quk `k oehpa
kxlstk uh aplilïa`k kikrjle.
Å hk`l`e quk e iave tkoianajle eveiêau, knks pu`kreh kxpkrlhkitå-ne k kioaitrå-ne
oah skjureiêe. Rar kxkhpna, uh `lspasltlva omehe`a hejiktrðhktra _U[L@ pa`k
`ktkoter as pkqukias oehpas hejiìtloas orle`as pknes etlvl`e`ks flaquèhloes k
glslanÿjloes `a oarpa. [sei`a kssk `lspasltlva, as olkitlstes `ksoafrlreh quk ta`as as
tkol`as k ÿrjïas `a oarpa pra`uzkh vlfreêûks hejiìtloes kspkoègloes.

Knks sïa omehe`as `k oehpas flahejiktloas5;. Kstå ì uhe ligarheêïa

festeitk iave, uh oaimkolhkita pauoa `lgui`l`a eli`e.
Khfare ikh ta`as as hì`loas kstkdeh olkitks `lssa, `ktkrhliau-sk quk as
oehpas flahejiktloas ia kspeêa ea rk`ar `a oarpa gezkh uhe nklture hels prkolse

50
Heseru Khata,@evl`
Khata,@evl` E. Pmeyik, Pmk Ml``ki Hessejks li Zetkr, (Mlnnsfara, AV4 Fkyai` Zar`s Rufnlsmlij, Lio., 6225) 70
5;
Zentkr Nufkoc, Greic Rkttkr, Zlnnlei Vei`, Pmk _plrlt ag Vklcl,( Pwli Necks, ZL, Natus Rrkss, 6225),:6

0:
safrk e seô`k `a peolkitk quk es hk`lêûks knìtrloes tre`lolaiels, oaha a KKJ (knktra
kiokgenajrehe) k a KOJ (knktraoer`lajrehe).
Ie vkr`e`k as olkitlstes sefkh ejare quk a oehpa knktrahejiìtloa `a
oareêïa ì tïa pa`krasa quk vaoä pa`k gezkr uhe nklture prkolse `a KOJ
(knktraoer`lajrehe)) e träs pìs `k `lsteiole `a oarpa.
(knktraoer`lajrehe
E nklture pa`k skr gklte `k quenqukr nujer `a oarpa k quenqukr paita `a oehpa
knktrahejiìtloa, pals a prÿprla oehpa oaitìh ligarheêûks kh träs `lhkisûks au
garhes manajrågloes57.
As hì`loas madk sefkh a quk as pragkssarks nmks kisliereh, quk eprki`kreh
oah as pragkssarks eitks `knks k esslh suoksslvehk
suoksslvehkitk.
itk. E hk`lolie aol`kiten ì
khpèrloe. Kste feske`e ie afskrveêïa. _k enja iïa pa`k skr afskrve`a, iïa pa`k skr
vkrlgloe`a, sk iïa pa`k skr vkrlgloe`a kitïa iïa pa`k skr vkr`e`klra.
E pkser `k sues `ksveitejkis, as hì`loas quk skjukh a ha`kna `e hk`lolie
aol`kiten, hultes vkzks kstlvkreh par trås `as eveiêas hì`loas hels frlnmeitks `e
mlstarle. @ksteoeh-sk ia `kskivanvlhkita `k lhparteitks hìta`as `k tkstks `k
prkolsïa, praok`lhkitas olrôrjloas eveiêe`as k tkoianajle eveiêe`e. Kstk ha`kna tkh
kiarhks suokssas, hes tehfìh sues `ksveitejkis.
Pïa `lsteitk oaha ias eias 02, @r. Meran` _exai Furr, uh `lstlita pksqulse`ar
hk`loa kh \enk, lislstlu quk e petanajle pa`k skr `ktkote`e ia oehpa `k kikrjle `a
oarpa hulta eitks `as slitahes gèsloas oahkêerkh e surjlr.
Epkser `k iïa tkr es meflnl`e`ks au tìoiloes pere gezä-na sazlima Furr prapðs
quk es `akiêes pa`krleh skr kvlte`es etrevìs `as edustks au heilpuneêïa `a oehpa
`k kikrjle5:.
_kus oankjes hì`loas pkisereh quk sues l`ìles perkoleh lhpravåvkls k
rkfusoe`es, pravevknhkitk parquk quei`a knks ksteveh ie geoun`e`k `k hk`lolie
iïa nmks kisliereh quk lssa kre passèvkn.
E lhpartæiole `a oehpa kikrjìtloa eli`e iïa ì nkve`a kh oaite ies pretloes
hk`loes tre`lolaiels `a aol`kitk, rezïa pkne quen a peolkitk hultes vkzks sagrk
`ksikoksserlehkitk,
`ksikoksserleh kitk, `kvl`a â gente `k etkiêïa e`kque`e es oeuses sufdeokitks `k sue
`akiêe.
Vkokitkhkitk,
Vkokitkhkit k, ia kiteita, hultes pretloes ouretlves iïa tre`lolaiels `klxereh
`k skr rl`lounerlze`es pere skrkh rkspklte`es. Lsta ì kh pertk parquk e tkoianajle

hknmarau k as olkitlstes
quk kssks hìta`as pu`kreh
entkrietlvas `kkxpkrlhkiter oah
oure rkenhkitk hels prkolsïa3 k kh pertks, par
guiolaieh.
Etuenhkitk, e oläiole `ahlieitk kste oahkêei`a e rkoaimkokr e kxlstäiole `k
hkrl`leias `k kikrjle use`as par eitljas hì`loas omliksks e hlnmerks `k eias. E
eoupuiture kh pertlouner kste ski`a rkoaimkol`e par sku pa`kr `k oure kikrjìtloa,
hksha quk iïa skde tatenhkitk oahprkki`l`e pkne oahuil`e`k hì`loe. As edustks
qulrlapretloas as quels rkhavkh es litkrgkräioles ikrvases, tehfìh kstïa pravei`a
tkr fkikgèolas sljilgloetlvas k `ure`auras kh tretehkitas onèiloas, enja quk hì`loas
qulrlapretloas k peolkitks oaimkokh e hels `k 522 eias.

57
@ao Nkw Omln`rk, Mawer` Hertli ei` @aiie Fkkom, Pmk MkertHetm _anutlai, (Ikw \arc, I\4 Merpkr Oannlis Rufnlsmkrs, Lio.
5<<<) 672
5: Vafkrt O. Gungar`, @.A., Pauom ag Nlgk4 Enljilij Fa`y, Hli`, ei` _plrlt ta Maiar tmk Mkenkr Zltmlij (Ikw \arc, I\4 Raockt Faacs,
5<<7) 6;.

0=
 E kvl`kioles efui`eitks pere hastrer quk a oarpa muheia ì uhe kitl`e`k
kikrjìtloe, vlfreitk, khaolaien k ksplrltuen. E vknme efar`ejkh hkoeilolste rkvkne-sk
oe`e vkz hels nlhlte`e k slhpnlste â hk`l`e quk eprki`khas safrk e ieturkze `e
kikrjle k `a uilvkrsa k oaha tu`a kste kh oaisteitk oahuiloeêïa oah ta`a a rksta.
Oaha _lhai
_lhai Hltomknn epaite kh sku nlvra @ai“t Jkt Oeiokr (Iïa Pkime Oeiokr)4
„[he glnasagle `e hk`lolie quk ì kxoksslvehkitk `kpki`kitk `e nÿjloe, hes nlhlte`e par
`rajes k olrurjle, ì gui`ehkitenhkitk genme. As etas `e nÿjloe sïa skhprk feske`as kh
eienlsks,
uh `klsta ì knks
garhe `koahpûk
hliuolase. uh ”ta`a“ rk`uolailstes
Efar`ejkis kh sues pertksiïa
oaistltulitks k kxehliehk oe`e
väkh e oaikotlvl`e`k a
perkitksoa `k ta`es es oalses. Oaha rksunte`a,
rksunte`a, ksse glnasagle ias agkrkok ””oures“
oures“ quk sïa
grkqþkitkhkitk tïa pkrljases k `kstrutlves queita â prÿprle `akiêe.‘
Madk kstehas kh uh hahkita `kolslva ie mlstarle `e hk`lolie. Oah es
`ksoafkrtes `e gèsloe quæitloe k `e flanajle hankouner quk `khaistreh quk tu`a ì
kikrjle k quk tu`a kste rkneolaie`a, uhe parte gal efkrte.
E pksqulse olkitlgloe kste ski`a pkrheikitkhk
pkrheikitkhkitk itk rkenlze`e k oaitliue e
oaiglrher quk sahas skrks `k kikrjle k quk kxlstk uhe garêe litknljkitk kh
guiolaiehkita oah a uilvkrsa.
E pksqulse oaitliuerå e livkstljei`a as nlhltks `a quk sefkhas safrk a oehpa
kikrjìtloa muheia. Kiqueita lssa, kstau oaivkiol`a `k quk e fesk kikrjìtloe `a
pkisehkita muheia vel skr oahprkki`l`a hels onerehkitk k quk, ia glien, a
gkiðhkia `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es skrå rkoaimkol`a pkne oahuil`e`k olkitlgloe
pkna `eia quk oeuse. Kiqueita e tkoianajle slje eveiêei`a, as olkitlstes k hì`loas sk
`erïa oaite `k heiklre likvltåvkn a lhparteitk quk ì heitkr a oarpa kh uh kste`a
`k kqulnèfrla.
Es tìoiloes `k oure `k kikrjle hejiìtloe quk as hì`loas entkrietlvas då useh
skrïa litkjre`es ie hk`lolie oaivkiolaien pere praparolaier e hknmar, hels oahpnkte
k suevk oure e hulta quk eprki`kr etrevìs `a kstu`a `e kikrjle `a oarpa muheia k
iÿs sahas as quk
qu k sk fkikglolerïa `lssa. Nkhfrk-sk quk iïa hulta tkhpa etrås as
olkitlstes iïa rkoaimkokreh quk a oarpa muheia tlime uh oehpa `k kikrjle, hulta
hkias quk e iasse seô`k `kpki`kssk `lssa!
Pa`as as hìta`as `k oure sïa venl`as k tkh sku nujer. Ia gutura, ku lhejlia a
hui`a ai`k a hknmar `k ta`es es efar`ejkis passèvkls skrïa oahflie`as pere a
fkikglola `e muheil`e`k.
Oarrkêûks Våpl`es
Wl kh prlhklre hïa `ureitk hku eias `k pråtloe, quk a oarpa tkh
lioarpare`a e meflnl`e`k `k euta-oure, autre kvl`äiole `k litknljäiole lieta `a oarpa.
A oarpa âs vkzks prkolse `k edu`e pere sk rksteurer e uh kste`a `k kqulnèfrla. Kste
edu`e pa`k oaislstlr ie rkhaêïa `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es, `kslitaxloeêïa,
rkokflhkita `k edustks qulrlapretloas k uhe iutrlêïa e`kque`e k hulta hels. E oure ì
uh praokssa quk nkve tkhpa.
Kitrkteita kspkrer quk a oarpa sk ourk ieturenhkitk pa`k oanaoer e prave
iasse peoläiole. Iarhenhkitk, qukrkhas uhe sanuêïa råpl`e. Iÿs iïa qukrkhas
kspkrer, qukrkhas ejare. _ahas oai`lolaie`as par liôhkres prapejei`es e pkiser
quk sk taherhas uhe pènune,iassa prafnkhe skrå rksanvl`a. Khfare enjuis rkhì`las
oaitrane`as tretkh e oeuse `e `akiêe, e helarle slhpnkshkitk oafrk as slitahes. Knks
oastuheh gezkr uh trefenma tïa herevlnmasa kh hesoerer iassas slitahes quk
pa`khas pkiser quk iassa prafnkhe `kseperkoku, quei`a knk ì epkies
qulhloehkitk lilfl`a.

0<
 Nkhfrk-sk `k quk as slitahes sïa e heiklre oaha a oarpa nmk `lz quk enja
kste krre`a. _ïa uh slien `k enkrte `k quk vaoä prkolse hu`er enja au quk sku oarpa
prkolse `k edu`e.
Hesoerer as slitahes oah rkhì`las pa`k skr uh pauoa oaha oanaoer uh
pk`eêa `k glte pretke`e ie nuz lrrlteitk `a ÿnka kh sku oerra quk eoefau `k skr nlje`a.
Waoä pa`k oafrl-na par uh tkhpa, hes kh naija preza sku oerra vel perer `k ei`er.
Es khprkses gerheoäutloes vïa gezkr vaoä eork`lter quk e hknmar heiklre `k
hknmarer, ì tahei`a skus pra`utas. Rar kxkhpna, hulte pufnlol`e`k ie hè`le edu`au
e orler uh trkhki`a hkroe`a pere as eitl`kprksslvas. Khfare kstks tkimeh edu`e`a
hultes pkssaes, oaha ta`es es `rajes, knes tehfìh tkh kgkltas oanetkrels. @k geta,
nkle kste pessejkh `k uh oahuiloe`a `k lhprkise aglolen `e G@E (E`hlilstreêïa `k
Enlhkitas k @rajes `as K[E) `ete`e 50 `k autufra `k 6220.5=
„E E`hlilstreêïa `k Enlhkitas k @rajes (G@E) khltlu madk uh evlsa `k seô`k pufnloe
eiuiolei`a uhe kstretìjle hutl`lrkolaien pere enkrter a pôfnloa safrk a euhkita `a
rlsoa `k pkisehkitas k oahpartehkitas sulol`e („ suloè`la‘) kh orleiêes k e`anksokitks
kh tretehkita oah hk`loehkitas eitl`kprksslvas...‘
E nlfkreêïa `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es tkh edu`e`a eas peolkitks `k heiklre
oaislstkitk supkrer e `kprkssïa . Nkle kstk tkstkhuima `k uh eitlja peolkitk hku
quk sagrle `k `kprkssïa eju`e.
„Ku tlime omkje`a ea paita kh quk ku kre kxtrkhehkitk sulol`e. Pa`as as `les
ku eoar`eve k tlime quk `kol`lr 4 ” Wlva au harra madk1“ ku ksteve prkse, par quk pertk
`a quk ku eork`lteve `k hlime vl`e iïa kre hlime oaha pere pkje-ne. Lssa tlime sl`a uh
heitre par vårlas eias k ì par lssa quk ku iïa qukrle hels vlvkr. Ku gul e uh `as
skhliårlas `a @r. Iknsai, ai`k knk genau safrk khaêûks. Iequknk hahkita knk iïa
genau hulta safrk knes, k ku hk vlrkl pere knk quei`a tkrhliau k `lssk 4 ” Waoä
hkiolaiau es khaêûks hes iïa genau ie`e safrk knes3 prkolsa `k edu`e... iïa qukra
vlvkr3 kitrkteita skl quk kxlstk enjuhes pkssaes ikste vl`e quk sïa gknlzks k må pkssaes quk
guiolaieh hulta fkh. Ku iïa sau, hes qukra skr, vaoä pa`k gezkr enjuhe oalse1 K
iequknk hahkita knk ksonerkoku enja safrk e hlime gente `k enkjrle k ku pu`k iequknk
hahkita skitlr nltkrenhkitk a quk knk gkz4 ta`e equkne kikrjle vante`e pere hlh. Ku
rkenhkitk iïa `arhl e helar pertk `e ialtk, ku ksteve tïa haflnlze`e k kikrjlze`e `kpals
`lssa.
@ks`k kitïa tkhas gklta hulta trefenma kspkolenhkitk ie nlhpkze `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es k autras trefenmas tehfìh, hes a trefenma khaolaien ì tïa pa`krasa k tïa
gui`ehkiten. _au uhe pkssae `lgkrkitk `a quk kre må uh eia etrås då iïa tkima as
etequks `k pæiloa k ikh as tkrrarks iaturias quk oastuheve tkr. _au uhe pkssae
`lgkrkitk. „Kstau vlve, efreêa e vl`e k eha e vl`e.‘
Afrlje`e- Cerki F
_k tkhas `ar, pa`khas prkolser `k rkhì`las oaitre e `ar pere trete - nå. _au jreta par
tkh, k oaha ku `lssk eitks,
eitks, ta`es es efar`ejkis `k oure ssïa
ïa venl`es. As
hk`loehkitas pa`k skr skr pkrgkltehki
pkrgkltehkitktk e`kque`as ourta preza par quk trefenmeh
pere enlvler as slitahes, hes hultes vkzks oeuseh hels `eias `a quk fkikgèolas.
Wkde a skjulitk ertlja `a [_E Pa`ey, `ete`a 62 `k `kzkhfra `k 62274

5=
„G@E Neuiomks e Huntl-Rraijk`
Huntl-Rraijk` _tretkjy ta _trkijtmki _egkjuer`s gar Omln`rki Prketrk` Zltm Eitl`kprksseit Hk`loetlais‘
Hk`loetlais‘
Aot. 5;, 6220
>mttp4//www.g`e.jav/ffs/
>mttp4//www .g`e.jav/ffs/taplos/ikw
taplos/ikws/6220/ikw25560.
s/6220/ikw25560.mthn9
mthn9

;2
 „As eienjìsloas vki`l`as skh rkoklte, utlnlze`as par hlnmûks `k oaisuhl`arks
ias K[E, kxljkh uhe helar enkrte `k seô`k safrk a rlsoa mkpåtloa k jåstrloa, `lz e G@E
ie tkrêe-gklre.
@lssk quk as hk`loehkitas lionukh enjuhes `es hels oahuhkitk use`e ias
K[E- Esplrlie, Lfupragkia k Rereoktehan- k egkteh es `ktkrhlie`es heroes naoels
oaha, Hatrli, E`vln, Enkv k Pynkian.
E G@E prapûk quk4
As pra`utas oah Rereoktehan, oaha a Pynkian,
Pynkia n, lionueh e`vkrtäioles pere
taxlol`e`k `a gèje`a3 pertlounerhkitk quei`a utlnlze`a kh `asks knkve`es, oaha autras
pra`utas oah Rereoktehan au oah träs au hels oapas `k fkfl`e enoaÿnloe par `le.
A ELIKs (garhe ourte `k gårheoas eitllignehetÿrlas skh kstkrÿl`ks) `k vki`e
oah rkoklte, lionueh evlsas `k seijrehkita jåstrloa pere pkssaes oah hels `k 72 eias,
equknks quk tlvkreh ônokre, taheh eitl-oaejuneitks au hels `k uhe ELIK (gårheoas
eitllignehetÿrlas skh kstkrÿl`ks), au pere equknks quk es taheh oah ånoaan au
`lrktehkitk e skoa.
A gaoa `e etkiêïa ì ia rlsoa `es hkshes kh 6220 quei`a e prksorlêïa `e
ELIKs (garhe ourte `k gårheoas
gårheoas eitllignehetÿrlas skh kstkrÿl`ks) Wlaxx gal rktlre`e ``ee
vki`e `kvl`a eas etequks oer`èeoas au rlsoa `k `krrehk okrkfren. Ia eia pesse`a a
G@E gal kh fusoe `k uh evlsa safrk e prksorlêïa `e ELIK Oknkfrkx par rlsoas
oer`lavesounerks k jåstrloas. Kh 6226 uh oahltä `k oaisuntarle `e G@E `lssk quk es
ELIKs `k vki`e oah prksorlêïa `kvkrleh
`kvkrleh tkr helar e`vkrt
e`vkrtäiole
äiole safrk a seijrehkita
5<

jåstrloa5 .
Kstk autra tkstkhuima ì `k uhe eitlje peolkitk quk sagrku uhe `ar orðiloe
par quetra eias epÿs tkr oeè`a `a skjui`a ei`er safrk uhe raome k qukfre`a es
oastes4
„Oaisuntkl ea @r. Iknsai parquk mevle qukfre`a hlimes oastes enjuis eias eitks
k ku iuioe mevle hk rkoupkre`a `e `ar, epkser `k vårlas tlpas `k glslatkreple
g lslatkreple k
prajrehes `k kxkroèolas. @ureitk hku
hku prlhklra edustk, pkrokfl quk
quk a @r. Iknsai kre uh
vkr`e`klra oure`ar, slhpnkshkitk pa`le skitlr. Uuesk ta`as as hkus edustks lionuèeh
„nlfkreêûks khaolaiels‘ `k fnaquklas `k kikrjle kh hku oarpa,(kvkitas treuhåtloas iïa
rksanvl`as vlvkh ia slstkhe `k kikrjle `a oarpa k oeuseh fnaquklas ie olrouneêïa `e
kikrjle). Ia oahkêa iïa iatkl hultes hu`eiêes, hes jre`uenhkitk e `ar oahkêau e
`lhliulr! Oah e edu`e `a @r. Iknsai `ksoafrl pragui`es khaêûks `kita `k hlh

ksteveh oeusei`a
`kitra par e helar
uh naija pertk
pkrèa`a `k`k hlimek `ar...
tkhpa, hku oarpa
@r. Iknsai tlime„oaivkrser‘
oaiskjulu teite `ar erhezkie`e
oah hku
oarpa pere hk edu`er e nlfkrå-na.quk praokssa kxtrear`liårla a `k kxpkrlhkiter e
nlfkreêïa kh oe`e oaisunte k sue oarrkspai`kitk `lhliulêïa ie `ar.
Madk, pkne prlhklre vkz kh 0 eias, passa trefenmer kh tkhpa perolen, hes eolhe
`k tu`a, slita uhe jrei`k oure kh hku oarpa gèsloa k khaolaien, k eprki`l a geta
likstlhåvkn `k quk kstks `als sïa oahpnktehkitk rkneolaie`as. Afrlje`a, @r. Iknsai!!!
Ia ehar k ie nuz ‟ Nli`e R.

Enoeiêei`a e Oeuse
_k e oeuse ksskiolen `k sue kigkrhl`e`k iïa ì trete`e, vaoä tkrå e `akiêe etì
quk sku oarpa skde oepez `k ourer-sk. Pkima vlsta hultas oesas ai`k a peolkitk ksteve
tahei`a hk`loeêïa pere sku prafnkhe `ureitk eias, naja quk pereveh oah e

5<
Dunlk _omhlt, Dunlk Eppnkfy, „G@E oenns gar peli rknlkvkr werili‘, [_E Pa`ey 62 @ko. 6227, Ietlaien k`.4 E.5.

;5
hk`loeêïa, sku prafnkhe vanteve kh pnkia `kskivanvlhkita, parquk e oeuse
sufdeokitk `e `akiêe eli`e skjule orlei`a e kigkrhl`e`k. E oeuse sufdeokitk `kvk
skr rkvkrtl`e au sku prafnkhe iïa `kseperkokrå, vaoä gloerå oah `ar au tahei`a
`rajes pere skhprk.
E helarle `k iÿs iuioe eprki`ku quk pa`krèehas tkr eokssa â kikrjle `a
iassa oarpa, pere vkr a quk kste krre`a k pere oaiokrtå-na.
Hes ias vlvkhas uh hahkita kxtrear`liårla kh quk a oaimkolhkita `k ta`as as
tkhpas kstå ski`a rkvkne`a kh pra â muheil`e`k, hels enìh k skh hk`l`es.
As èhïs sïa uhe `es garhes hels eitljes `k oure safrk e Pkrre k sïa uhe pertk
ksskiolen `a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks. @ksoufre parquk ia prÿxlha oepètuna.

[H MAHKH U[K K_PE LIGN[KIOLE@A RAV KHAÊÛK_ IKJEPLWE_ RA@K PKV FAE_
LIPKIÊÛK_, RA@K _KV RVKOL_A KH _[E RENEWVE, HEL_ I[IOE KIOAIPVEVÅ Â
WKV@E@K‘

- JMEI@L

0
O[VE OAH ÈHÏ_

Uuen ì e gkrrehkite `k oure hels pa`krase kh sue oese1 Enjuhe vltehlie1

[he rkoklte hk`loe1 Enjuh omå `k krves hk`loliels1 Enja kh sue jkne`klre1 Uuk ten
enja safrk sue jkne`klre1 Iïa ì sue nlste `k oahpres3 kstau genei`a `a èhï quk prki`k
sue nlste ie jkne`klre.
Eork`ltk au iïa, a èhï oahuh `k jkne`klre pa`k skr uhe `es gkrrehkites `k
oure hels pa`krase quk vaoä då tkvk quei`a sk trete `k rkhavkr khaêûks
eprlslaie`es,oaiteita
eprlslaie`es,oaitei ta quk selfe uså-ne. Kxpnloerkl parquk ikssk oepètuna.
A quïa seu`åvkn vaoä kstå, sk rkneolaie `lrktehkitk oah a quïa kqulnlfre`a
kste sku oehpa kikrjìtloa. E oure kikrjìtloe trefenme pere rkperer k heitkr e
merhaile `a sku oehpa kikrjìtloa pere quk a oarpa passe pkrheikokr vltenhkitk
seu`åvkn. Hes, oaha oahkêer e ourer a oehpa kikrjìtloa `k sku oarpa sk iïa pa`k
vä-na1 Då sefk quk pa`k kioaitrer `kskqulnèfrlas tels oaha khaêûks eprlslaie`es
etrevìs `a Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla pere pkrjuiter â sku sufoaisolkitk a quk kste krre`a. A
quk pa`k user oaha gkrrehkite pere rkhavkr khaêûks eprlslaie`es1
E rkspaste ì quk `kvk utlnlzer
utlnlzer enjuhe autre garhe `k kikrjle.
kikrjle. E hels gåoln `k
user, e hels koaiðhloe k e gkrrehkite hels ehpnehkitk `lspaièvkn ì a èhï. As èhïs
khltkh kikrjle pure k sïa uhe gkrrehkite pa`krase pere rkperer as `kskqulnèfrlas
kikrjìtloas quk vaoä iïa pa`k vkr.
[skl ta`as as tlpas `k èhïs, `ks`k as hels oeras k as hels pa`krasas, etì as
hels feretas k greoas.e
greoas.enjuis
njuis èhïs sïa pradkte
pradkte`as
`as kspkolgloehkitk pere e ooure
ure `a
oarpa k autras iïa sïa. Hes ku `ksoafrl quk ie vkr`e`k quk quenqukr èhï pa`k skr
use`a pere nlfkrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es usei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks.
_ue Kxlstäiole Hejiìtloe

;6
 _ue kxlstäiole sk kstki`k enìh `a quk vaoä pa`k vkr au skitlr, prkolsehkitk
parquk vaoä ì uh skr kikrjìtloa, epkser `k quk tehfìh tkh uh oarpa gèsloa. Pkh
skitl`a `lzkr quk sk pertk `k sue kxlstäiole ì livlsèvkn, kitïa tenvkz enjuhes oeuse
sufdeokitks `k skus prafnkhes `k seô`k tehfìh pa`krleh skr livlsèvkls pere tl.
E helarle `es pkssaes supûk quk kxlstk sahkitk `kitra `as nlhltks `k sue
prÿprle pknk. _ue pknk rkprkskite e oepe kxtkrie `a quk
q uk pa`k vkr k tk kisliereh quk a
quk pa`ks vkr ì a rken. Ejare tkhas uhe prave olkitègloe quk må hels kh vaoä `a quk
skus anmas pa`kh vkr.
Rar kxkhpna, ejare sefkhas quk vaoä jkre uh u h oehpa knktrahejiìtloa, orle`a
pkne etlvl`e`k knìtrloe kh sku oarpa. Ì orle`a
orl e`a par oarrkitks kh sku slstkhe ikrvasa
ljuen eas praokssas knktraquèhloas quk aoarrkh `k heiklre oaisteitk kh ta`es sues
oìnunes.
As olkitlstes ejare sefkh quk a oehpa knktrahejiìtloa `a sku oareêïa sk
kstki`k `k = e 56 pìs `k `lstæiole `k sku oarpa kh ta`es es `lrkêûks. Etrås `k vaoä,
eolhe `k tl, `kfelxa `k tl, ie sue grkitk k eas ne`as62.
Kh 5<;7, as olkitlstes Depaiksks rkenlzer
rkenlzereh
eh uhe liave`are pksqulse quk
`khaistrau quk mevle li`ufltevknhkitk teita garêes knìtrloes oaha hejiìtloes ia
oarpa. Etrevìs `e kxpaslêïa `a oarpa eas oehpas knktrahejiìtlo
knktrahejiìtloas
as quk khltkh
punsas, knks orlereh hu`eiêes knìtrloes ia ièvkn oknuner k entkrereh a hktefanlsha
oknuner. Kstk gkiðhkia ì oaimkol`a pkne oläiole hì`loe oaha uh kgklta plkza knìtrloa.
E hk`lolie aol`kiten rkoaimkok k eoklte e kxlstäiole `kstk oehpa
knktrahejiìtloa skh quenqukr rkskrve, hes par hultas eias hk`lu-sk epkies a
oahpaikitk knìtrloa `knks. Olkitlstes k hì`loas hk`lreh e etlvl`e`k knìtrloe `a oarpa
saf oai`lêûks onliloes par hultas eias. A KOJ au knktraoer`lajrehe, a quen hk`k
lhpunsas knìtrloas `a oareêïa, gal oanaoe`a kh pråtloe
p råtloe pkne prlhklre vkz kh 5=<;. A
KKJ au knktra kiokgenajrehe, quk hk`k e etlvl`e`k knìtrloe `a oìrkfra, tkh sl`a
utlnlze`a `ks`k 5<5?.
[he nkl fåsloe `e Gèsloe eglrhe quk oe`e vkz quk e etlvl`e`k knìtrloe ì jkre`e,
skhprk pra`uz uh oehpa hejiìtloa
hejiìtloa oarrkspai`kitk. As olkitlstes pa`k pa`khh hk`lr
kssk oehpa hejiìtloa usei`a rkssaiæiole hejiìtloe k hejikta oer`lajrehes. Ksses
hequlies rkprkskiteh
rkprkskiteh uh eveiêa kh rkneêïa âs eitljes tkoianajles,
tkoianajles, quk sk nlhlteve
epkies e hk`lêïa `as oehpas knìtrloas `a oareêïa k `a oìrkfra. As olkitlstes kstïa

oahkêei`a
hejiìtloes.e rkoaimkokr quïa pa`krases k lhparteitks sïa ksses litkreêûks
E jnæi`une Rliken ia oìrkfra, e quen skorkte marhðilas quk egkteh ta`a a
oarpa, ì okroe`e par jrupas `k hejiktltes quk sïa oul`e`asehkitk slitailze`es pere
pkrokfkr oaha litkrejlr oah as oehpas hejiìtloas.
Kssks hkshas tlpas `k jrupas hejiìtloas quk pkrhltkh quk pahfas-oarrkla,
farfanktes k efknmes ievkjukh usei`a a oehpa hejiìtloa `e Pkrre. Rerkokh quk
ksses garheêûks `k hejiktltes kh iasses jnæi`unes Rlikels tkh hulta mevkr oah
iassa prÿprla skisa `k `lrkêïa. [h kstu`a pufnloe`a ia rkspklte`a Frltlsm Hk`loen
Daurien `ksoafrlu quk es pkssaes quk sagrkh `k oenolgloeêïa au ki`urkolhkita `e
jnæi`une pliken, ksteveh sljilgloetlvehkitk hels prì-`lspastes e pkr`kr-sk!65

62
@ao Nkw Omln`rk, Mawer` Hertli ei` @aiie Fkkom, Pmk MkertHetm _anutlai, (Ikw \arc, I\4 Merpkr Oannlis Rufnlsmkrs, Lio.

5<<<) ?0.
65
Frltlsm Hk`loen Daurien (Onli Vks K`). 5<=; @ko. 65-636<5 (7;55)45:;=-<

;?
 Vïs Gnutueitks oah Kikrjle Hejiìtloe
Enjuis olkitlstes, sues tkitetlves `k kitki`kr par quk a hejiktlsha tkh uhe
lignukiole tïa pragui`e ie glslanajle, `kskivanvkreh uh kxpkrlhkita gesolieitk
utlnlzei`a uh èhï kxtrkhehkitk pa`krasa k uh rï. Lssa perkok `k enjuhe heiklre
hkla geiteslasa, hes a lionul parquk lnustre a geta `k quk slh as èhïs, tkh uh kgklta
gèsloa.
56 `k Efrln, 5<<:
„ Olkitlstes Gezkh uhe Vï Nkvlter‘
NAI@VK_ (ER) ‟ Olkitlstes frltæiloas k manei`ksks `lzkh tkr oaiskjul`a oah
äxlta gezkr gnutuer ia er uhe rï ‟ usei`a uh oehpa hejiìtloa uh hlnmïa `k vkzks hels
patkitks quk a `e Pkrre.
@lzkh tehfìh quk, iïa må rezïa pere quk orletures helarks, lionuslvk muheias,
iïa `kskhpkimkh a hksha gklta quk `ksegle e jrevl`e`k.
Ì pkrgkltehkitk vlåvkn
vlåvkn sk tkis uh oehpa
oehpa hejiìtloa suglolkitkhkitk jrei`k,
`lssk Rktkr Heli pragkssar `k gèsloe ie [ilvkrsl`e`k `k Iattlijmeh, uh `as olkitlstes
hels frltæiloas quk oanefarereh oah oankjes `e [ilvkrsl`e`k `k Ildhki pere orler a
prlhklra eigèfla nkvlteitk.
_kus ksgarêas sïa rknete`as slitktloehkitk ie untlhe k`lêïa `e rkvlste frltæiloe
Ikw _olkitlst. Rere heitkr e Vï ia er, a oehpa `kvk skr uh hlnmïa k vkzks helar quk a
`e Pkrre, `lsskreh as olkitlste, sÿ esslh gal suglolkitkhkitk patkitk pere `lstarokr es
arfltes `as knìtrais ias åtahas `e rï.
„_k a oehpa hejiìtloa rkdklte e rï oah garêe suglolkitk, vkiok e jrevl`e`k k e rï
gnutue‘, `lssk Heli.
A truquk iïa guiolaie epkies kh rïs. As olkitlstes eeglrheh
glrheh tkr gklta kh pneites,
jegeimatas k pklxks k ta`as
ta`as gnutueh `e hkshe heiklre.
heiklre. ”quenqukr afdkta oahuh, skde
uhe rï, uh jegeimata au uh sei`uèomk ì hejiìtloa, ia kiteita, ì hulta rera vkr ten
`khaistreêïa `lssa‘, `lssk Heli.
As olkitlstes `lsskreh quk e rï iïa hastrau ikimuh slien `k oeiseêa `kpals `k
gnutuer ia er `kitra `a olnli`ra hejiìtloa66.
Èhïs k Oure
Uuei`a a oarpa muheia ì kxpasta e uh oehpa hejiìtloa, oalses eli`e hels
litkrksseitks k hultes vkzks surprkki`kitks eoaitkokh. @akiêes k `kskqulnèfrlas `k
pkssaes `kseperkokh oahpnktehkitk.
oahpnktehkitk. E `ar `lhliul, e vkrtljkh `kseperkok k ge`lje ì
rkvkrtl`e. E seô`k gal rksteure`e pere hlnmerks `k pkssaes etrevìs `as pa`krks `k
oure `a èhïs. Khfare e prave kstkkstkde
de â vlste, e hk`lolie enapåtloe
enapåtloe ha`krie eli`e kste
kh gesk kxpkrlhkiten `k èhïs oaha gkrrehkite `k oure. Hultas tkrepkutes skjul`arks
`a vltenlsha då sefkh quk as èhïs guiolaieh herevlnmasehkitk, hes e hk`lolie iïa
pa`k kxpnloer olkitlgloehkitk
olkitlgloehkitk es `ksoafkrtes quk skus kxpkrlhkit
kxpkrlhkitasas rkvkneh. Kh
herêa `k 622;, e rkvlste Plhk pufnloau
pufnloau uhe hetìrle safrk uis hì`loas
hì`loas `e
[ilvkrsl`e`k `k Oanuhfle quk eol`kitenhkit
eol`kitenhkitkk kioaitrereh uhe garhe
surprkki`kitk `k ourer e `kprkssïa etrevìs `e ` e kikrjle hejiìtloe.
[he hunmkr `k Oaiikotlout omeh omehe`e
e`e Hertme ksteve `k
`kprlhl`e
prlhl`e må okroe `k 62
eias. Kne tlime pesse`a par ta`as as tretehkitas tre`lolaiels rkoaimkol`as-tkima
vlsta pslquletres k psloÿnajas usei`a
usei`a ta`as as hk`loehkitas li`loe`as par knks. Hes
ikimuh `as tretehkitas edu`au e ourer e `kprkssïa. Hertme `kol`lu pertlolper
pertlolper `a
praok`lhkita `k tretehkita kxpkrlhkiten kh Oanuhfle. As hì`loas epnloereh uhe

66
„ _olkitlsts Heck e Graj Nkvltetk, Ikw _olkitlst Hejezlik,
Hejezlik, 56 Eprln 5<<:, 5?.

;0
skrlk `k lhpunsas hejiìtloas ia tapa `k sue oefkêe. Knks omehereh a tretehkita `k
kstlhuneêïa hejiìtloe treisoreileie rkpktltlve (VPH_).
@kpals `k pesser par uhe mare `k tretehkita olioa vkzks par skheie `ureitk
skls skheies, Hertme `lssk4 „oahkokl e vkr sliels `k hu`eiêe kh taria `e tkroklre
skheie. Kh sktkhfra, ku ksteve `k pì iavehkitk, pa`le skitlr prezkr oah oalses
oaha oahl`e k a san‘. Uuei`a a ertlja gal pufnloe`a, Hertme ksteve li`a ea listltuta
pere rkpktlr es skssûks rkjunerhkitk k ksteve nlvrk `e `kprkssïa par skls hksks.
Kssks hì`loas iïa oaiskjukh kxpnloer kxetehkitk parquk e kstlhuneêïa
hejiktloe guiolaie pere treter e `kprkssïa k autras treistarias. @k eoar`a oah a @r.
Jkarjk Zlttkifkrj, ikuranajlste `e Zkck Garkst [ilvkrslt4 „ e kstlhuneêïa hejiìtloe
ì uhe heiklre litknljkitk `k li`uzlr uhe oarrkitk skh rkenhkitk tkr uhe oaikxïa
knìtrloe‘. A Ietlaien Litltutk ag Hkiten Mkentm (ILHM) ‟ Listltuta Ieolaien `k _eô`k
Hkiten (LI_H) oaioar`e quk iïa må uhe ikjeêïa `e kgloåole `e tìoiloe k kstïa
petraoliei`a uh kstu`a `e [ilvkrsl`e`k `k Oanuhfle k autres träs listltulêûks pere
oaitliuer å kxpkrlhkiter as kgkltas ouretlvas `e kstlhuneêïa hejiktloe6?.
Kh uh kstu`a pufnloe`a kh 6226 ia rkspklte`a Daurien ag Ikurapsyomletry
ei` Onliloen Ikurasolkioks, sktkite k olioa par okita `as peolkitks quk sagrleh `k
`kprkssïa kxpkrlhkitereh
kxpkrlhkitereh hknmares sljilgloetlves epas pesser pkna hksha
tretehkita hejiìtloa60.
Hlime Litra`uêïa eas Èhïs
Hlime prÿprle kxpaslêïa ea pa`kr `e tkreple hejiìtloe vkla må hultas eias
etrås etrevìs `k hku lrhïa Jrkj, qukh useve tretehkitas hejiktloas
hejiktloas kh sku
oaisuntÿrla `k qulrlaprexle. Jrkj ksteve tïa khpanje`a oah e kgloåole `as lhïs
grefrloe`as par uhe khprkse depaikse `k fkh kster omehe`e Ilccki, quk glienhkitk
hk pkrsue`lu e tkstå-nas kh hlime prÿprle onèiloe.
@kpals quk rkokfl hku iava lhï Ilccki „HejFay‘ pkna oarrkla kioaitrkl uhe
peolkitk quk rkprkskiteve uh vkr`e`klra `ksegla. Neure vkla hk vkr pere a
tretehkita `k Glfrahlenjle, uhe oai`lêïa `kflnlteitk oereotkrlze`e
oereotkrlze`e par `ar husouner
jkikrenlze`a `k arljkh `ksoaimkol`e. E helar pertk `e `ar `k Neure ksteve ie pertk
supkrlar `k sku oarpa. _ue ehpnltu`k taten `k hkhfras oah ehfas as freêas kre
hulta nlhlte`e k kne hen pa`le nkveitå-nas pere uhe paslêïa marlzaiten skh skr
litkrrahpl`e pkne `ar.

Kxpnlqukl
kgklta, sk e Neure
mauvkssk quk
enjuh, jasterle
tkrle `koai`lêïa.
kh sue tkiter uhKneiava tretehkita
oaioar`au pere vkr quk
k oaivkrsehas
kiqueita ku pesseve a lhï oaitliuehkitk ea rk`ar `k sku freêa ksqukr`a kitrk sku
ahfra k sku oatavkna.
@kpals `k enjuis hliutas `lsta, tkstkl a enoeiok `e haflnl`e`k `k skus freêas
iavehkitk. Rrlhklra, glz oah quk kne nkveitessk a freêa `lrklta a quen iïa epnloehas
a lhï. Neure nkveitau a freêa etì gloer quesk ie marlzaiten ea omïa.
Ra`le vkr quk kne skitle `ar, kitïa e glz perer. Lsta kre a quk
q uk ku kspkreve.
Naja, pk`l quk nkveitessk sku freêa ksqukr`a a quen mevlehas utlnlze`a a lhï.
Rere iasse hôtue surprkse, Neure nkveitau a freêa ksqukr`a geolnhkitk k skh
prafnkhes pere olhe ea ne`a `k sue oefkêe skh ikimuh lioðha`a.

6?Rsyomletry Vks. 6220 Epr. ?23 567(6)456?-??.

60
Vaskifkrj R.F., kt en. „Vkpktltlvk treisoreilen hejiktlo stlhunetlai trkethkit ag oaharfl` past treuhetlo strkss `lsar`kr ei`
hedar `kprksslai.‘
`kprksslai.‘Daurien
Daurien ag Ikurapsyomlet ei` Onliloen Ikurasolkioks, 6226 _uhhkr350(?)4
_uhhkr350(?)46:2-7.
6:2-7.

;;
 Efrlu skus jrei`ks anmas k `lssk
Efrlu ` lssk 4 „Iïa slita ikimuhe `ar, ai`k vaoä usau
lssa! A quk ì ksse oalse1 Rassa oahprå-
oahprå-ne1‘
ne1‘
Kxehlikl e Neure oah hels tkstks `k havlhkita k pere hlime surprkse ejare
tlime taten ehpnltu`k `k havlhkita kh sku freêa ksqukr`a k ie`e `k `ar. Anmkl a
pkqukia lhï ezun k pretke`a kh hlime hïa oah as anmas tïa jrei`ks oaha as `k
Neure. Kssk rksunte`a rkpkitlia
rkpkitlia k `rehåtloa kre quesk likspkre`a. @lssk e Neure tu`a
quk sefle, quk kre uh lhï `e Ilccki `kskivanvl`a pere rk`uzlr as lioðha`as ia
oarpa.
Neure gkz hulta pauoa ksgarêa pere rkhavkr e oeuse `k skus slitahes. Hku
penpltk ì quk kh sku oesa e helar oeuse sufdeokitk `k sue Glfrahlenjle kre enja quk
as depaiksks omeheh „_@OH‘ au _èi`rahk `k @kgloläiole `k Oehpa Hejiìtloa
(„HG@_‘-- Hejiktlo Glkn` @kglolkioy _yi`rahk). @kigkisarks `a _@OH eork`lteh quk
(„HG@_‘
vaoä pa`k sk tarier „`kglolkitk‘ kh kikrjle hejiìtloe, esslh oaha `kglolkitk
`kglol kitk kh
vltehlies k hlikrels. E`lolaier uh pauoa hels `k kikrjle hejiìtloe ia oarpa `k
Neure kre a quk eperkitkhk
eperkitkhkitk
itk ikoksslteve pere `ksgezkr-sk `e `ar. A enèvla `e
Glfrahlenjle `k Neure gal sahkitk a prlhklra hlnejrk quk vl oah as lhïs.
Eork`lta quk a _@OH ì uh oahpaikitk `k hultes kigkrhl`e`ks. Oaha e
helarle `es `akiêes, e Glfrahlenjle tkh uhe verlk`e`k `k oeuses sufdeokitks quk
pa`kh verler `k pkssae pere pkssae k a _@OH ì grkqukitkhkitk uh `kssks
oahpaikitks. Ias oesas kh quk ì e prliolpen au e ôiloe oeuse sufdeokitk `e
kigkrhl`e`k, e epnloeêïa `e kikrjle hejiìtloe pa`k rksuter kh uhe `råstloe
hknmare, oaha gal a oesa `k Neure.

[he Iave Gkrrehkite `k Oure

Gal gåoln tkster kssk lhïs, uhe vkz quk tlime uh gnuxa litkrhliåvkn `k pkssaes
quk sagrleh. Es vkzks , as rksunte`as kreh likxpnloåvkls k etì uh pauoa hlstkrlasas.
[he peolkitk par kxkhpna tkvk uh prafnkhe ia ahfra e naija preza quk
`kseperkoku `k heiklre listeitæike quei`a oanaoau uhes penhlnmes hejiìtloes
Ilcckis kh skus sepetas. Kh quetra aoeslûks `lgkrkitks oaiskjul perer as etequks
eju`as `k eshe slhpnkshkitk oanaoei`a uh e`kslva hejiìtloa Ilccki ia tÿrex `as
peolkitks. Wl oaha knks hknmarereh enkrjles `k heiklre råpl`e k kspkteouner ea
oanaoer uh lhï safrk a oarpa `a peolkitk. Wl mkhetahes quk `kseperkokreh,

nltkrenhkitk `e ialtk pere a `le. Wl assas qukfre`as ourerkh-sk ie hkte`k `a tkhpa

prkvlsta.
Kh hultas oesas, kspkrkl quk enjuis peolkitks usesskh as lhïs Ilccki
Il ccki oaha
pertk `k sku prataoana `k tretehkita, pals knks perk
perkoleh
oleh rk`uzlr `råstloehkitk a
tkhpa `k rkoupkreêïa `k uhe heiklre kspktåouner.
[he peolkitk eprkskiteve uhe jrei`k pratufkræiole
pratufkræiole `k `lsoa (= hh). Kne sk
rkousau e olrurjle rkoahki`e`e. Ia hahkita kh quk e oaimkol kne mevle pkr`l`a
ta`e e skislflnl`e`k `k sue pkrie `lrklte `kvl`a e oahprkssïa ia ikrva. Wlitk quetra
mares epÿs mevkr oahkêe`a e user
u ser a lhï Ilccki safrk e pratufkræiole `k sku `lsoa,
oahkêau e skitlr `arks eju`eskh sue pkrie eitkrlarhkitk e`arhkol`e, khfare sk
praokssa `k oure tlvkssk oahkêe`a. Kh uhe skheie perau `k taher as rkhì`las pere
`ar. Oaitliuau usei`a as lhïs ies oastes, k e `ar k e ligneheêïa oaitliuereh
`lhliuli`a k `kseperkokreh oahpnktehkitk. [h eia `kpals sku re`lanajlste gloau
`ksoaiokrte`a quei`a iïa pa`k kioaitrer ikimuhe kvl`äiole `e pratufkræiole `k
`lsoa epÿs rkenlzer uhe tahajregle oahpute`arlze`e rkpktl`e.

;7
 Ì lhparteitk iater quk ta`as kssk oesas lionukh a usa `k lhïs gefrloe`as pkne
Ilccki, Lio., lhïs kspkolgloehkitk `kskivanvl`a
`kskivanvl`a pere skrkh use`as ia oarpa pere
enlvler a `ksoaigarta k prahavkr e oloetrlzeêïa.
[he Iave Oertlnejkh
[he `es kxpkrläioles `k oure hels surprkki`kitks quk vl aoarrku ea hku tla
Navknn. Uuei`a knk kre davkh, kh 5<?:, heomuoau sku daknma `lrklta. _kus hì`loas nmk
rkoahki`ereh uhe olrurjle, hes iïa pa`leh jereitlr quk e apkreêïa edu`erle.
@kol`lu iïa apkrer, då quk e parokitejkh `k äxlta k greoessa kreh quesk e hkshe.
@ks`k quk oaimkol hku tla, skhprk tkvk sku daknma kivanta kh ete`ures knåstloes Eok.
Kitïa `ksoafrl quk sku daknma el eli`e
i`e ksteve lioaha`ei`a k oeusei`a `a `arr kh sku
eitlja heomuoe`a. Kh 5<<;, uh ehlja a eprkskitau â tkreple hejiìtloe. Kstk ehlja
lislstlu e Navknn quk `kvkrle par uh per `k lhïs kh sku daknma par pkna hkias 52 `les.
Kstks hlil lhïs, gkltas pkne Ilccki, quesk tlimeh a teheima `k uhe hak`e. Navknn
ksteve oìtloa, hes `kol`lu quk tkstei`a-as iïa tlime ie`e e pkr`kr.
Ie vkr`e`k, iïa skitlu ikimuhe `lgkrkiêe kh sku daknma `kpals `k olioa `les.
Hksha `kpals `k sktk `les iïa mevle ikimuhe hu`eiêe. Glienhkitk ia `ìolha `le
enja geitåstloa eoaitkoku. Rere sue surprkse, pkne prlhklre vkz kh 72 eias iïa skitle
`ar ia sku daknma `lrklta. Ksteve kh äxtesk k hen pa`le eork`lter. Oaitliuau usei`a a
lhï `le k ialtk pknas prÿxlhas `als hksks. _ue `ar iïa rktariau. Iequknk hahkita,
`kol`lu tlrer uhe re`lajregle `k sku daknma pere oahperer oah uhe quk mevle
mev le tlre`a
träs eias eitks. E eitlje re`lajregle hastreve quk e oertlnejkh `e ertlouneêïa `a sku
daknma mevle `ksperko
`ksperkol`a
l`a quesk oahpnk
oahpnktehkitk
tehkitk k es kxtrkhl`e
kxtrkhl`e`ks
`ks `as assas kksteveh
steveh
ie vkre`k sk taoei`a.
Rere surprkse `k sku hì`loa, kstk iava oaiduita `k kxehks hastrau quk e
oertlnejkh kh sku daknma mevle sk rkjkikre`a `k enjuhe heiklre.
Khfare e rkjkikreêïa kspðiteike `k uhe oertlnejkh oaha kste skde
oaisl`kre`e hk`loehkitk lhpasslvkn, eoaitkoku.
Uueita Hels _efkhas...
Kstks liorèvkls äxltas quk kivanvkh as lhïs Ilccki, hk afrljereh e efrlr hlime
hkitk e uhe iave garhe `k pkisehkita- enja quk iuioe hk mevleh kislie`a. Hes
sefle quk ksteve kh fae oahpeimle.
E helar pertk `a prajrkssa ie mlstÿrle `e hk`lolie kstå feske`a kh sentas

orletlvassïa
eitljas `e efei`aie`as
lhejlieêïa. Uuei`a iavas
pere `er nujerhìta`as k tretehkitas
e uh kstlna sïaoure.
hels kgloez `k `ksoafkrtas,
`ksoafkrt
Lssa ì,as, as
hultes
vkzks uh praokssa naija k år`ua, uhe vkz quk tkhas uh jule pere ias edu`er ea
naija `a oehlima, sahkitk oah tkitetlve k krra.
Oaha skrks muheias, iÿs tlvkhas iassas oarpas par hlnmerks `k eias, hes
oaha iïa vlkreh oah „heiuen‘, tkhas pesse`a hulta `k iassa tkhpa tkitei`a
kitki`kr oaha knks guiolaieh k oaha gezä-nas guiolaierkh hknmar.
Kh ìpaoes eitkrlarks, es pkssaes pkiseveh quk es `akiêes kre oeuse`es par,
kitrk autres oalses „pkna seijuk quk mevle kstreje`a‘. Oaha rksunte`a e seijrle gal
uhe pråtloe papuner `ks`k e eitljul`e`k etì a glien `k 5=22, gal glienhkitk
efei`aie`e kh gevar `k praok`lhkitas hels eveiêe`as. Rråtloes hì`loes eprave`es,
gkltes oah es hknmarks litkiêûks, sïa efei`aie`es ratliklrehkitk, quei`a iaves
`lrktrlzks safrk a oarpa sïa `ksoafkrtes.
Uuei`a ku kre orleiêe, par kxkhpna, e ehlj`enkotahle au e kxtreêïa `es
ehèj`enes kre oaisl`kre`e uhe olrurjle skjure. @k eoar`a oah uh kstu`a, querkite

;:
parokita `as davkis quk kitrereh ia skrvlêa hlnlter kh 5<72 tlvkreh sues ehèj`enes
kxtreè`es6;.
Iequkne ìpaoe eork`lteve-sk quk es ehèj`enes kreh `lspkisåvkls k ilijuìh
sefle kxetehkitk pere a quk skrvleh. Ia glien, knks pkrokfkreh quk es ehèj`enes
garheh uhe pertk lhparteitk `a slstkhe lhuianÿjla `a oarpa. Ie etuenl`e`k, as
hì`loas tkh hulta hels rkokla kh tlrå-nes. Kstk ì uh slhfana `a prajrkssa `e
hk`lolie.
Uueita hels sefkhas safrk e vkr`e`klre ieturkze `a oarpa muheia, hknmarks
sïa es `kolsûks quk pa`khas taher eokroe `k sue seô`k. Kiqueita enjuhes pråtloes
`k oure iïa sïa oarrktes k oeèreh kh `ksusa, hultas `as hìta`as eitljas `k oure k
l`kles gareh faes k ejare kstïa vantei`a hknmare`es.
Euhkitei`a sue Litkiêïa
@kvl`a e vaoä ì gklta `k kikrjle, e vkr`e`klre oure `kvk sk rkgkrlr e kstk
espkota `k sue oahpaslêïa, parquk es prÿprles khaêûks eprlslaie`es tehfìh sïa
kikrjle, e heiklre hels kglolkitk `k nlfkre-nås ì oah autre a garhe `k kikrjle.
E litkiêïa ì uhe pa`krase `k kikrjle-pkisehk
kikrjle-pkisehkita.
ita. Ì passlvkn nlfkrer khaêûks
eprlslaie`es usei`a uiloehkitk sue litkiêïa. Eork`lta quk e liêïa `k nlfkrer e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì rkenhkitk e pertk hels lhparteitk `e kqueêïa.
[sa lhïs parquk eork`lta quk knks euhkiteh nltkrenhkitk a pa`kr `k sue
litkiêïa pere rkenlzer uh trefenma.
Esslh oaha uhe nupe euhkite iuhe iuhe lhejkh, eork`lta quk a èhï pa`k
nltkrenhkitk euhkiter sue kikrjle-pkisehkita k litkiêïa enkh `k sue oepeol`e`k
vlrtuen.
Lssa passlflnlte quk quenqukr uh nlfkrk sues khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Iïa ì
iksoksserla quk skde uh tkrepkute tenkitasa au kxpkrlkitk pere gezkr kssk trefenma.
_k e sue litkiêïa ì onere, user uh èhï oahuh pere euhkiter sue litkiêïa ì
tu`a quk vaoä prkolse pere enoeiêer as rksunte`as quk eitkrlarhkitk
eitkrlarhkitk sÿ ksteveh
`lspailvkls pere equknks oah veste kxpkrläiole.
[h èhï oahuh pa`k euhkiter e kikrjle `k sue litkiêïa `k heiklre
pa`krase, k nkvå-ne ea oehpa `k kikrjle `a sku oarpa. A slstkhe `k Eoupuiture
garikok a nujer pkrgklta pere oanaoer e kikrjle `e sue litkiêïa ia oarpa k nlfkrer e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e.

Oahask
E pretloe `e eoupuiture e Eoupuiture ì Eoaha`e`e
feskle ie kxlstäiole `a oehpa kikrjktloa muheia k
kste kh vljar e hlnmerks `k eias.
eias. @k geta, as paitas `k eoupuiture
eoupuiture k as hkrl`leias
sïa `ksorltas ia nlvra `k hk`lolie hels eitlja `a hui`a, a omliäs Mueij Pl Ikl-Omlij,
au Pmk \knnaw Khpkrar“s Onesslo ag Litkrien Hk`lolik, ksorlta par vante `k 6;22 e.O.
As paitas `k eoupuiture sïa naoels kxpkolgloes quk sk kioaitreh ea naija `k
oehlimas oaimkol`as oaha hkrl`leias.
As hkrl`leias pa`kh skrkh lhejlie`as oaha pkqukias rlas `k kikrjle quk
gnukh kh felxa `e pknk. _kjukh plstes hulta prkolses safrk e supkrglok `a oarpa quk
iïa verleh `k pkssae pere pkssae.
p kssae.
E kxlstkiole `kstks hkrl`leias gal afdkta `k kspkouneêïa k `kseoar`a par
hultas eias. Hes ies untlhe träs `koå`es, kstu`as `k huntlpnes pksqulses pravereh

6; Vafkrt Omehavltz, Omernks M. Vehhkncehp Dr., Nkwls Zeiieheckr, ei` Gnay` Z. @kiiy Dr., „ Pmk Kggkot ag Paislnnkotahy ai
tmk Liol`kiok ag _trkptaoaooen Vksplretary @lskesk ei` lts Oahpnloetlais,‘ Rk`letrlos Wan. 67 Ia. ? _kptkhfkr 5<72,
5<72, pp. ?;;-?7:.

;=
sues kxlstäiole. Kh uh kstu`a, a pksqulse`ar Dkei-Oneu`k @erres lidktau uh lsÿtapa
re`laetlva omehe`a tkomiktluh << teita kh paitas `k eoupuiture oaha iïa. As
lsÿtapas re`laetlvas oaha kstk khltkh uhe re`leêïa `k felxa ièvkn quk pa`k skr
hk`l`e k treêe`e oah prkolsïa. As lsÿtapas re`laetlvas quk gareh lidkte`as kh
paitas `k eoupuiture sk `lolpereh `knks oah `kskimas hulta prkolsas quk kreh
kxetehkitk as hkshas quk as hkrl`leias `e eoupuiture quk mevleh sl`a treêe`as
par hk`loas omliksks ia pesse`a.
A hksha hetkrlen re`laetlva quk mevle sl`a lidkte`as ias paitas iïa
rkneolaie`as e eoupuiture sk `lolpereh skh uh `kskima pertlouner67.
Eork`lte-sk quk `ktkrhlie`as hkrl`leias guioleieh ie vkr`k`k oaha
rkskrves `k kikrjle,quk sk oaikoteh k efestkokh e ta`as as autras hkrl`leias `k
eoupuiture. Penvkz a hels lhparteitk `kssks hkrl`leias ì a hkrl`leia javkrieitk, quk
oahkêe ia okitra `a nåfla supkrlar, k sk `lrljk pere olhe k pesse par olhe `e oefkêe
`ksoki`a pkne oanuie tkrhliei`a ia oÿoolx.
@kvl`a es litkroaikxûks kitrk a hkrl`leia javkrieitk k ta`as as autras hkrl`leias,
kstk pravä a oehlima hels l`ken pere a quk qukrkhas gezkr quei`a tretehas a oarpa `es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es usei`a A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks.
Khaêûks. [he khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì kkikrjle.
ikrjle.
( lhejkh `k uh hkilia hastrei`a e nlime `a
Rere `ksgezkr-ias `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, (lhejkh
hkrl`leia javkrieitk)
javkrieitk) ikokssltehas vkioä-ne oah autre garhe `k kikrjle. A hkrl`leia
javkrieitk

garikokNkhfrk-sk
e deikne pkrgklte
quk uhialhïoarpa pere kstk
euhkite prapÿslta. a quen ì kikrjle. Kiqueita
sku pkisehkita
vaoä heitìh e litkiêïa kh sue hkitk `k nlfkrer e khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk
kioaitrau slhpnkshkitk pesse a lhï safrk a hkrl`leia javkrieitk. _ue helar
litkiêïa `k nlfkrer e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kitre ia hkrl`leia javkrieitk k e pertlr `eè
e kikrjle-pkisehkita gnul repl`ehkitk pere ta`as as autras hkrl`leias k årkes `a
oarpa.
Kstk sôflta lignuxa `k kikrjle-litkiêïa tkh a kgklta `k nlfkrer e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e pkrheikitkh
pkrheikitkhkitk.
kitk.
Kh hultas eias `k pråtloe k hultas eias kisliei`a A Oÿ`lja `e Khaêïa â
enuias kh skhliårlas, iuioe vlhas rkjrksser ikimuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. [he
vkz quk nlfkre uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, tu`a vel fkh.
Iïa ikoksslte oaimkokr ikimuh paita `k eoupuiture. Waoä iïa prkolse
kitki`kr oaha tu`a guiolaie rkenhkitk. Pu`a quk ikoksslte gezkr ì tkr uh pauoa `k
orkiêe k litkiêïa k vel guiolaier. Rar autra ne`a, oahprkki`kr enja `a hkoeilsha
etrås `k tu`a liorkhkiterå sue meflnl`e`k kiqueita quk eorksokiterå sue gì ia
praokssa.
Eai`k vel e khaêïa eprlslaie`e1
Rere oahprkki`kr oaha sk nlfkre uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `a oarpa, hk
pkrhlte gezkr uhe eienajle. Ie etuenl`e`k uh iôhkra `k khprkses gezkh gaiks `k
auvl`as kspkolels quk pa`k fnaquker a ruè`a ea rk`ar.
Kstks gaiks `k auvl`a pa`kh tarier as trefenmas, oaha a rkoanmk`ar `k ganmes
k a trefenma `k oaistruêïa skde hulta hels oaigartåvkls parquk fnaqukleh as ruè`as
entas `es håqulies quk sïa use`es. Autra usa papuner `as gaiks `k auvl`a
fnaquke`arks `k ruè`as ì a quk useh as plnatas `k evlïa, uhe vkz quk a oaitliua
essavla `a hatar `e ekraievk må `khaistre`a skr `ksjesteitk. As gaiks `k auvl`a

67
Daurien ag Iuonker Hk`lolik. 5<<6 Her3 ??(?)402<-56.

;<
fnaquke`arks `k ruè`a pkrokfkh e grkqþäiole `es ai`es saiares quk pkiktreh pkna
ne`a `k gare k listeiteikehkit
listeiteikehkitkk jkreh uhe ai`e saiare kxetehkitk apaste kh sue
gesk. Uuei`a es ai`es saiares oanl`kh, sk fnaqukleh hutuehkitk. A rksunte`a ì
uhe kxpkrläiole hulta hels treiqþlne.
Eork`lta quk e nlfkreêïa `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`k gezkr gkiðhkia
slhlner. Oe`e khaêïa eprlslaie tkh sku prÿprla gnuxa `k vlfreêïa, sue prÿprle
grkqþäiole. Pen oaha uhe ai`e saiare oaitrårle pa`k fnaquker uhe ai`e saiare
kxtkrie, e kikrjle `k sue litkiêïa
lit kiêïa ehpnle`e pa`k fnaquker a „ruè`a‘ ` `kk uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e.
Uuei`a pesse uh lhï safrk a hkrl`leia javkrieitk, orlerå `k heiklre kgktlve
uh gnuxa oaitrårla `k kikrjle oah e garhe `k uhe khaêïa ehpnle`e. Ì par knk quk e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e sk fnaqukle, sk `lsslpe k `kseperkok, slhlner ea ruè`a `a hatar `k
uh evlïa.
Autra kxkhpna quk tenvkz skde hels gehlnler tkh e vkr oah as oertûks `k
orì`lta. E gelxe hejiìtloe ie pertk `k trås `a oertïa `k orì`lta kstå oa`lgloe`a oah
ligarheêûks kspkoègloes. Uuei`a oanaoeh uh lhï safrk kne, pa`k epejer e ligarheêïa
oa`lgloe`e `kstruli`a e utlnl`e`k `a oertïa `k orì`lta. Nlfkrer uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e sk perkok e ksse kikrjle khaolaien oa`lgloe`e quk ì epeje`e `k heiklre
råpl`e, gåoln k pkrheikitkhkitk quei`a pesse uh lhï safrk a hkrl`leia javkrieitk.
Kh jkren, as lhïs sïa oaisl`kre`as festeitk skjuras, hes kxlstkh enjuhes
aoeslûks kh quk iïa `kvkrle uså-na, au sahkitk `kvk utlnlzå-na oah e epraveêïa `k
uh hì`loa. Lssa lionul, jrevl`kz, lhpneitks pere `ar, au fahfes `k lisunlie, lhpneitks
oaonkerks k heroe-pessas.
Oaionusïa
Oahkok par pkiser kh sl hksha oaha skr gklta `k kikrjle pure. Iïa passa
kigetlzer a suglolkitk safrk queita `eia es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh gezkr.
Nkhfrk-sk quk knks pa`kh egktå-na gèsloe, khaolaien k hkitenhkitk.
hkitenhkitk. Knks sïa gkltas
`k kikrjle pure, hes sïa kikrjle ikjetlve k queita
q ueita eitks sk nlvrer `knes hknmar vaoä
lrå gloer.
[h slhpnks lhï `k jkne`klre, quk pravevknhkitk vaoä då tkime, lrå guiolaier
pere nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Rkssaenhkitk prkglra as lhïs pra`uzl`as pkne
khprkse depaikse Ilccki Lio., uhe vkz quk knks sïa pradkte`as kspkolgloehkitk
kspkolgloehkitk pere

a usa ia oarpa
eprlslaie`es sïak sïa oaigartåvkls
pradkte`as `k user. As
pere pesså-nas lhïs
pknes quk ku
oastes, usa
sïa pere`k
gåokls nlfkrer es khaêûks
skjurer3 ke
hk`l`e quk knks jlreh pra`uzkh uh oehpa hejiìtloa helar.
_ku `kskivanvlhkita kxljlu hulte pksqulse k ku as usa skhprk quk passa.
Pkima kioaitre`a hultes epnloeêûks ( par kxkhpna, oaha epeje`arks `k `ar, ai`k
uh lhï `k jkne`klre iïa tlvkreh a hksha kgklta) k eork`lta quk as lhïs Ilccki fkh
venk a ha`ksta livkstlhkita quk rkqukrkh. _k vaoä qulskr hels ligarheêûks safrk as
lhïs Ilccki k oaha oaiskjul-nas, eokssk a sltk4
@rFre`nkyIknsai.oah/hejikts/ks
Kiqueita sue litkiêïa , sue onerl`e`k, sku ièvkn `k gì k orkiêe kh sue prÿprle
meflnl`e`k sk liorkhkiteh, `ksoafrlrå quk a usa `a lhï ì apolaien. @kpals `k tu`a,
sue prÿprle hïa ì uh listruhkita hejiìtloa k skhprk e tkh oaitlja! Nkhfrk-sk quk
vaoä tkh uh oehpa hejiìtloa3 vaoä hksha ì uh skr hejiìtloa.
Ejare, kstå jeimei`a e oahprkkisïa k a pa`kr `k oaivkrtkr-sk nltkrenhkitk
kh uh listruhkita `k oure etrevìs `e nlfkreêïa `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es usei`a A

72
Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks. Naja eprki`krå kstk praok`lhkita slhpnks, quk ì liorlvknhkitk
kgktlva k pa`k hu`er sue vl`e. A prÿxlha pessa ì eprki`kr hels garhes `k e`kitrer
ia sufoaisolkitk k aftkr rkspastes oaiorktes.

REVPK ?
[PLNLTEI@A A Oß@LJA @E KHAÊÏA

Ì E HKIPK
OAHR[PE@AV M[HEIE
OAIKOPE@A OAH, KH
[H[H IÈWKNKIKVJÌPLOA
OEHRA RVLHÅVLA [H HEVEWLNMA_A
[ILWKV_EN, U[K _EFK
H[LPA HEL_ @A U[K _EFK U[K _EFK1
-K. ZMENKI

;
AFPKI@A VK_RA_PE_ @E HKIPK LIPKVLAV

Ia oepètuna `als, vaoä eprki`ku e user a Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla pere sk oaikoter

oah sku sufoaisolkitk. Rere enjuhes pkssaes, a Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla guiolaie tïa fkh
k `k tïa gåoln eprki`lze`a quk sk tarie ia ôiloa hìta`a `k tkstk quk vaoä use k iïa
må ie`e `k krre`a oah lssa. Hes ikstk oepètuna, vaoä eprki`krå autra iuhkra `k
hìta`as `k tkstk, pere quk vaoä passe tkr uhe verlk`e`k pere ksoanmkr.
A Pkstk `k Husouner
A hìta`a hels ehpnehkitk utlnlze`a k eoklta pere eoksser a slstkhe litkria
oahpute`arlse`a `a oarpa, ì oaimkol`a `k vårles heiklres oaha a tkstk husouner,
tkstk olikstìsloa au slhpnkshkitk oaha olikslanÿjloa.
Epkser `k quk enjuhes pkssaees iuioe auvlreh gener `knk, a tkstk husohusouner
uner iïa ì
iava. As hì`loas täh use`a `ks`k e `koå`e `k 02 pere evenler e garêe `as husounas k
oenouner e kxtkiêïa `k uhe nksïa. Madk kh `le, as hì`loas k autras pkssaes quk sk
kspkolenlzereh ie hkoeiloe `a havlhkita `a oarpa sefkh quk a tkstk husouner tkh
hulta hels epnloeêïas `a quk as hì`loas eork`lteveh ia lièola. Es pkssaes ås vkzks
sïa oìtloes safrk sk lssa vel guiolaier au iïa, hels uhe vkz quk vlreh as rksunte`as
par knes hkshes, iïa pa`kh kvlter a essahfra.
A tkstk husouner pa`k ias `lzkr e seô`k taten k a kqulnlfrla `k iassas oarpas.
Ra`k edu`er e l`kitlgloer årkes vunikråvkls eitks quk e `arks k kigkrhl`e`ks
tahk passk `a arjeilsha. Lssa ias `å uhe heiklre `lrkte `k pkrjuiter ea oarpa a
quk kste kioaha`ei`a k, uhe vkz quk tretehas a prafnkhe, pa`k ias `lzkr sk
oarrljl`a au iïa. Ra`k ias `lzkr sk tkh khaêaks eprlslaie`es prkskitks ia oarpa, k
ias evlse quei`a knes sïa nlfkre`es. Kitïa iïa ì kstreima quk es pkssaes glqukh
omaoe`es quei`a väkh a quïa fkh guiolaie.
Manny k _ku „Uuesk-Egajehkita‘
Rere lnustrer lssa, `klxk-hk oahpertlnmer oah vaok uhe oerte quk rkokfl må
verlas eias `k uhe davkh omehe`e Manny. _ue tle Jwki ì uhe `es hlimes enuies må
hultas eias k use a tkstk husouner `k garhe hulta kgloez pere nlfkrer es khaêaks
eprlslaie`es. Ia oahkêa, quei`a kne ksteve eprki`ki`a A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks, kne a
pretloau kh Manny.
„ Hlime tle Jwki vkla e [tem ia vkrïa `k 5<<<, knajlei`a uhe iave tkoiloe quk
eprki`ku. [sei`a a tkstk husouner, kne pa`le pkrjuiter ea oarpa safrk
safrk es khaêaks quk
ksteveh „prkses‘ iknk k a oarpa
o arpa rkspai`le eglrhetlve au ikjetlvehkitk `k hlre kgktlve.

75
Kne qukrle edu`er teites pkssaes pu`kssk oah kstk iava hìta`a k `ahlier e tìoiloe.
Vknuteitkhkitk, ku oaioar`kl kh skr uhe `k sues „vètlhes‘.
Nkhfra `k kster pere`e ia querta , oah hku freêa kxtki`l`a pkisei`a4 „Lssa ì
tïaaaaaa rulh!‘
Kitïa hlime tle kioaitrau e prlhklre khaêïa eprlslaie`e kh hlh4 Pkrrar.
Kioanml hkus afras. „ku iïa tkima ie`e pere tkr hk`a...‘
A quk tk perkok sk pkrjuitehas `ks`k `k quk l`e`k vkh1, pkrjutau tle Jwki.
Kioanml
Kne hkus ahfras
litkrrajau `k iava.‘
hku oarpa k hku Onera
freêa quk slh, sk
perkoku kugartenkokr
`lssk. au kigrequkokr `k
eoar`a oah kne pkrjuiteve. Hku freêa gloau rkslstkitk quei`a kne pkrjuitau ea hku
oarpa sk lssa eoaitkoku quei`a ku tlime okroe `k quetra eias `k l`e`k.
Pk trås enja e hkitk ksse l`e`k1, hk pkrjuitau.
Lhk`letehkitk, nkhfrkl`as hkus pkqukias `k`as li`kgksas `ksnlzei`a etråvks
`k uhe okroe `k hkten k hku oarpaksoarrkjei`a ie åjue quk oafrle hlime
oefkêe. Hlime lrhï vkla k rksjetau k hk nkhfra `k hk ejerrer e kne k rkpktlr4
Afrlje`a! Afrlje`a! [he k autre vkz.
„_lh... `lssk‘, reijki`a as `kitks.‘ Uuesk hk egajukl eas
ea s quetra eias `k l`e`k‘
E tle Jwki omkoau pere vkr sk ksse
ksse kre gaitk `a hku Pkrrar. Lssa kre. Ressau a
lhe pkne hlimes oastes pere nlfkrer e khaêïa eprlslaie`e k gal lssa.
Pïa, tïa slhpnks.
_eè pkisei`a4 „ lssa gal fah, hes ejare a quk1 A quk lssa gkr par hlh1
Pk oaita a quk gkz par hlh... hk...
Ku ksteve tkrhliei`a uhe tkhpare`e `k ieteêïa hulta rulh oah hkus träs
glnmas hels vknmas.
vknmas. Ku oaisl`krkl uh ttaten
aten `kspkr`lola ``kk `limklra pparquk
arquk es orle
orleiêes
iêes
ksteveh frljei`a oahlja oaisteitkhkitk, sk quklxei`a a tkhpa ta`a.
Iequknk vkrïa, ku a`leve es eunes `k ieteêïa. Hk eoastuhkl e gloer ikrvase ta`e
vkz quk e eune ksteve prkstk e oahkêer k sk mauvkssk enjuhe `ksounpe rezaåvkn pere
pkr`kr e eune ta`as duitas, gezlehas.
Naja, tle Jwki trefenmau safrk hlh. E tkhpare`e `k ieteêïa tkrhliau. Iïa
pkiskl hulta hels safrk a essuita. Hels oahkêkl e skitlr uhe hu`eiêe hlstkrase k sutln sutln
`kitra `k hlh quk iïa pa`le kxpnloer.
Ia eia skjulitk, tkitehas gezkr eune `k ieteêïa iavehkitk. @krkpkitk ku ksteve
hulta hels oaisolkitk `e `lgkrkiêe. _kh ksse nkhfreiêe etkrrarlzeitk `k hlime ligeiole,
iïa ksteve ikrvase pkrta `“ejue.
@k geta, `lsgruteve vki`a e plsolie. [tlnlzeve a tkhpa pere par kh `le hlime
nklture kiquita es orleiêes ksteveh kh eune.
A quk hk surprkki`ku eli`e hels, gal e hu`eiêe `as hkus glnmas.
Enjuhes pkssaes pa`kh `lzkr quk ejare knks ksteveh uh eia hels vknmas,
vknmas, esslh
iïa tlimeh teita hk`a `k ie`er. Hes iïa kstau `k eoar`a. Ea rkhavkr uhe khaêïa
hulta rken `kitra `k hlh, skl quk iïa nlfkrkl sahkitk e hlh hkshe, hes slh nlfkrkl `k
hkus glnmas tehfkh.‘ ‟ Manny F.
A tkstk husouner garikok uhe deikne rken kh taria `a quk kstå eoaitkoki`a
ia oarpa hkiten. [tlnlzei`a a tkstk husouner, pa`khas eoksser nltkrenhkitk a
slstkhe oahpute`arlze`a litkria `a iassa oarpa k `ksoafrlr ai`k kstïa as
`kskqulnlfrlas.
Ku hk rkglra e knk oaha „a pkrjuitei`a ea oarpa‘ a quk knk sefk, ku a uskl par
hultas eias khhlime pretlo
pretloee par quk nkve `lrktehk
`lrktehkitk
itk e reèz `a prafnkhe hulta
repl`ehkitk. A oahpute`ar `a oarpa skhprk sefk parquk kste oaikote`a ea quk
grkqukitkhkitk
grkqukitkhki tk sk omehe Oaisolkiole [ilvkrsen ‟ e fesk `k `e`as `k tu`a a quk
kxlstk.

76
 Iïa lhparte queites vkzks ku hastrk, es pkssaes skhprk gloeh
lhprksslaie`es oah e repl`ks k prkolsïa `a tkstk husouner. Knes gloeh herevlnme`es
oah tu`a quksue hkitk litkrlar sefk k oaha kste prkpere`a pere nmks garikokr es
ligarheêûks pere nmks garikokr es ligarheêûks quk knks pk`kh.
_ku oarpa sefk hknmar
Uuei`a sk trete `e iasse seô`k,
seô`k, a quk iassas oarpas pa`kh rkvkrkvkner
ner ì hulta k
sljilgloetlva `a quk lhejliehas oaimkokr kh iasses hkitks oaisolkitks. @ureitk
eias `k pråtloe eprki`l e eprkoler e litknljkiole sufoaisolk
sufoaisolkitk
itk `k hkus peolkitks, a
quen quesk skhprk sefle a quk ksteve hen k a quk a oarpa ikoksslteve. Rkisk ilssa.
ilssa.
Iassas oarpas kstïa kh slitaile oah as slstkhes quk heitìh iassas anmas plsoei`a
k iassas punhûks kxpei`li`a oah a er. Iassa sufoaisolkitk kste oaitliuehkitk
hailtarei`a as jnafunas freioas kh iasses
iasses vkles k es fetl`es `k iassa oareêïa.
Gknlzhkitk kssks slstkhes
slstkhes sïa lioaiolkitks pere iÿs. Hes skrle slhpnkshkitk
slhpnkshkitk najloa
quk iassa oahpute`ar litkria kstkde pkrgkltehkitk olkitk `a quk kxetehkitk
eoaitkok `kitra `k ias kh ta`as as ièvkls.
Iïa sÿ lssa, hes iassas oarpas pa`kh ias `lzkr a quk ì fah pere iÿs k a quk
iïa ì. Lionuslvk tkhas uhe rkspaste gèsloe quei`a `lzkhas e vkr`e`k au hkitlhas. As
husounas kigrequkokh listeiteikehkitk quei`a hkitlhas. Rkrheikokh glrhks
quei`a `lzkhas e vkr`e`k.
Iïa pa`khas kijeier iassas oarpas. Iassas sufoaisolkit
sufoaisolkitkk sefkh e ta`a
listeitk, skh `ôvl`e, - sk kstehas ski`a vkr`e`klras au gensas ‟ kh iassas
pkisehkitas, eglrheêûks, iasses eêûks k iasse seô`k.
Rere ias heitkr seu`evkls k vlvas, iassas oarpas useh meflnl`e`ks quk `k
naijk, kxok`kh quenqukr
quenqukr oalse `e quen kstehas ooaisolkitks.
aisolkitks. Rere praver lssa, a
pslquletre @r. @evl` Mewclis oastuheve agkrkokr må hln au hels pkssaes quk
pertlolpeveh `k sues penkstres uhe `khastreêïa vèvl`e.
Oaimkolhkita Litkrlar
_ue kqulpk pesseve kivknapks gkome`as k skh l`kitlgloeêïa pere oe`e pkssae
`e pnetìle. Oe`e kivknapk neore`a oaitlime uh sufsteiole kh pÿ. Ie hkte`k `as
kivknapks, kssk pÿ kre uh e`aêeitk ertlglolen. Ie autre hkte`k kre vltehlie O
arjeiloe.
Kitïa, a @r. Mewclis pk`le e ta`e e pnetkle, pere quk garheêkh `upnes k
utlnlzesskh uhe slhpnks
skh l`kitlgloeêïa tkoiloe
kh olhe `k sku`koareêïa,
tkstk husouner.
kiqueita[he
skupkssae skjureve
peroklra a kivknapk
oahpraveve e garêe
`k sku husouna. Eiateveh, sk a husouna gloeve gartk au `kfln, k kitïa traoeveh `k
pepkls k oahpereveh. Es vkzks
vkzks as husounas rksunteve
rksunteveh
h `kfkls k es vkzks gartks.
[he vkz quk ta`as mevleh gklta a slhpnks tkstk, efrleh a kivknapk pere vkr sk
ksteveh skjurei`a a e`aêeitk ertlglolen au e vltehlie O.
Oe`e vkz quk as husounas sk `kflnlteveh, e pkssae ksteve skjurei`a a e`aêeitk
ertlglolen. Uuei`a as husounas sk gartenkoleh, ksteveh skjurei`a liverlevknhkitk a
kivknapk quk oaitle e vltehlie O. Kssks rksunete`as gareh skhprk oaislstkitk
oaislstkitkss k, kh
hlimes praprles penkstres ku as kioaitrkl festeitk rkpktl`as .6:

Pa`as sefkhas quk e vltehlie O arjeiloe ì hknmar pere iÿs `a quk uh

e`aêeitk ertlglolen, hes a geta `k quk a oarpa muheia kh enjuh ièvkn hels

6:
@evl` V. Mewclis, Rawkr vs. Garok4 tmk ml``ki `ktkrhlieits ag muhei fkmevlar, (Oernsfe`, OE4 Mey Mausk, Lio. 5<<;), ;<.

7?
pragui`a selfe a quk sk kioaitre `kitra
`kitra `k uh kivknapk ì vkr`e`klrehkitk
surprkki`kitk.
@r. Mewclis kxpnloau `kste garhe4
„e hkitk muheie li`lvl`uen ì oaha uh tkrhlien oahpute`arlze`a oaikote`a ea uh
feioa `k `e`as jljeitk. A feioa `k `e`as ì e hkshe oaisolkiole muheie, `e quen
iasse praprle oaisolkiole ì uhe hkre kxprkssïa li`lvl`uen hels oah sues relzks ie
oaisolkiole oahuh e ta`e muheil`e`k ‘.
Kssk feioa `k `e`as ì a rklia `e jkilenl`e`k, då quk a skr muheia kste
pertlolpei`a `a feioa `k `e`as, tu`a kh vlrtu`k sk sku iesolhkita tkh eokssa e
jkilenl`e`k. Etuenhkitk, gal `khastre`a quk e ligarheêïa lnlhlte`e oaitl`es ia
feioa `k `e`as, kstå prkpere`e k `lspailvkn pere quenqukr uh, e quenqukr hahkita
kh quenqukr nujer.
Kste ì, `k geta, uh `ksoafkrte
`ksoafkrte surprkki`
surprkki`kitk,
kitk, tki`a a pa`kr `k hu`er vl`es
i uioe prkvlsta6=.
teita li`lvl`uen oaha oanktlvehkitk må uh ilvkn iuioe
Kxehlier Autres Rkssaes
A tkstk husouner tehfkh
tehfkh pa`k skr use`a pere `ksoafrlr a quk ks kste
te
eoaitkoki`a ia oarpa `k autre pkssae. Ra`k gezk-na, gezki`a a tkstk `lrktehkitk â
pkssae au usei`a a quk ì oaimkol`a oaha sufstltuta au tkstk oah rkprkskiteitk.
Wehas genr safrk kssk hkta`a `k tkstk ia oepltuna =.
Hlnmerks `k hì`loas skjul`arks `a vltenlsha k onliloas jkrels utlnlzeh a tkstk
husouner pere edu`er skus peolkitks `lerlehkitk.
Waoä pa`k eprki`k-na geolnhkitk k utlnlze-na pere edu`er e sl hksha, e skus
ehljas k e skus kitks qukrl`as e l`kitlgloer k nlfkrer es khaêaks eprlslaie`es etrevks
`a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks.
Equl kstïa enjuis `as hkta`as hels geokls k oahuis pere tkster
husounerhkitk â autra4
A Pkstk Fesloa `a Freêa
( pere gezkr a tkstk kh autre pkssae)
Eitks `k hels ie`e, pkrjuitk e pkssae
p kssae quk `kskde gezkr a tkstk sk tkh `arks
enjuis `as ahfras. _k tkh, iïa utlnlzk kssk freêa då quk pa`k ejrever sue oai`lêïa. _k
tkh prafnkhe kh ehfas as freêas au sk ì hulta davkh, au kste hulta greoa au
`akitk pere gezkr a tkstk, vaok `kvk praourer uhe garhe `lgkrkitk `k tkstk utlnlzei`a
uh `as hkta`as `k tkstk kxpnloe`as ikstk oepltuna( vkde a oepltuna =).
(lhejkh `a tkstk ‟ oanaoeêïa `as `k`as pere a tkstk fesloa `a freêa)

5 Rkêe ea sudklta quk vaok qukr pretloer quk glquk `k pì k heitkime uh freêa
kstki`l`a pere grkitk, marlzaiten ea omïa. Iïa `kvk heitkr a puima gkome`a,
hels `klxer e hïa rknexe`e.

6 Oanaquk as `als prlhklras `k`as `k hïa suevhkitk safrk sku freêa, kh olhe `a
punsa oaha hastre e lhejkh.

? Oanaquk sue hïa nlvrk ia ahfra apasta pere epale-na.

@lje ea sudklta „ vau pk`lr pere vaok `lzkr uhe eglrheê

eglrheêïa
ïa k kitïa vau prksslaier
sku freêa. Uukra quk rkslste heitki`a sku freêa ia hksha nujer kh quk kstå
0
6=
Lfl`, ?0.

70
kvltk quk ku khpurrk sku freêa pere felxa‘.
felx a‘.

; Rkêe quk a sudklta eglrhk sku iahk. _k a iahk `a sudklta ì Clh, par kxkhpna, knk
au kne `lrå „ hku iahk ì Clh‘.

7 Geêe a tkstk husouner eorksokitei`a `k heiklre suevk k oaiteitk uhe prkssïa

kh sku freêa pere felxa oah oul`e`a, li`a glrhk par okroe `k ? skjui`as `k
ikimuhe prkssïa e hulte prkssïa.

: E ertlouneêïa `a ahfra `kvk pkrheikokr „treve`e‘ oaitre sue prkssïa pere felxa
k iïa `kvk sk havkr.

A freêa `k uhe pkssae pa`k sk oeiser repl`ehkitk sk vaoä epnloer hulte

garêe. Nkhfrk-sk quk a tkstk husouner iïa rkqukr garêe frute.
_k e eglrheêïa quk eoefe `k gezkr gar vkvkr`e`klre,
r`e`klre, `kvk ski
skitlr
tlr quk sku freêa kste
”treve`a‘ oaitre e prkssïa quk kxkrok pere felxa. _k e eglrheêïa ì gense, `kvk skitlr
quk sku freêa oahkêe e ok`kr saf a suevk euhkita `k sue prkssïa.
@kvk skhprk utlnlzer a hèilha
hèilha `k garêe ikoksserle
ikoksserle pere pkrokfkr sk freêa
pkrheikok treve`a au iïa.iïa. Ì lssa quk kstå praou
praourei`a.
rei`a.
Ejare rkplte a tkstk, hes geêe a sudklta geêe uhe eglrheêïa quk ì afvlehkitk
gense utlnlzei`a uh iahk quk iïa skde a `knk. Lhk`letehkitk rkenlzk a tkstk husouner
`k iava k vaoä `kvk iater quk a freêa kst kståå hels `ìfln, då quk e eglrheê
eglrheêïa
ïa rkokh gklte
ì loaislstkitk oah e vkr`e`k k a sufoaisolkitk `a sudklta sefk.
Oaisknmas safrk a Pkstk Fåsloa `a Freêa.
Equl må enjuis oaisknmas quk tk edu`erïa e hknmarer k `ahlier a tkstk husouner.

5 Iea utlnlzk hulte garêe, sÿ e quk ikoksslte pere aftkr e rkspaste. Rkisk kh
suevl`e`k k iïa garêe.

6 _uevkhkitk, eorksokitk
eorksokitk e garêe `k ie`e `k prkssïa â hulte prkssïa.

Heitkime skus `k`as ie paslêïa oarrkte. _k oanaoe skus `k`as safrk as assas `a

?
punsa,
puima. skus
Waoä freêas
qukr quk sk `kflnlterïa
skus parquk
`k`as kstkde paraolhe
oarpa
`astreterå
assas `k
`a pratkjkr as assas
puima. Pkus `k`as`a
`kvkh gloer oanaoe`as kh olhe `e prakhliäiole asske quk sk kioaitre ie pertk
`ktres `e sue hea, `a ne`a `a `k`a hlilha, dusta kh olhe `a puima. (Wkde e gata)

0 Nkhfrk-sk quk pkssae quk kste gezki`a `kvk kster `lspaste e gezä-na. _k sue
etltu`k ì oèiloe au oìtloe , skrå hels `lgloln pere vaoä pretloer a tkstk. Iïa pkroe
tkhpa oah pkssaes quk iïa qukrkh skr edu`e`es au quk iïa kstïa efkrtes e skrkh
edu`e`es. E vl`e ì hulta ourte.

; Ra`k kxpkrlhkiter vårles paslêûks `k freêa pere vkr quen guiolaie hknmar pere
vaoä k pere qukh kstkde trefenmei`a oah vaoä. Autre apêïa ì quk e pkssae
heitkime sku freêa kstki`l`a pere a ne`a kh vkz `k kstki`l`a pere grkitk.

Gezki`a a tkstk kh sl hksha

7;
 Ejare vehas `er uhe anme`e kh enjuhes garhes `k user skus prÿprlas
husounas pere aftkr rkspastes.
Ea tkster kssks hìta`as, ì hels gåoln gezkr eglrheêûks quk vaoä sefk skrkh
vkre`klres au genses. @kste heiklre pa`k sefkr oah okrtkze sk kståk stå guiolaiei`a pere
vaoä.
Ia oepltuna `als, vaoä eprki`ku
eprki`ku e gezkr a Pkstk `k Kqulnlfrla `lzki`a es
penevres „ ehar lioai`lolaien‘ au „ÿ`la‘.
„ ÿ`la‘. Kstes penevres sïa hulta pa`krases k lrå
rkokfkr uhe rkspaste `kgliltlve `a sku oarpa.
„Ehar lioai`lolaien‘ gerå vaoä sk feneiêer pere grkitk k gezkr quenqukr tkstktkstk
husouner gartenkoä-na.
gartenkoä-na. „Ku tk a`kla‘ tkh kxetehkitk a kgklta apasta k tk `kflnlterå.
Es penevres „slh‘ au „ iïa‘ tkh
tk h a hksha kgklta. E penevre „slh‘ ì pasltlve. _k
gez uhe eglrheêïa quk ì vkr`e`klre
v kr`e`klre au pasltlve, tk gartenkokrå au lrå feneiêer pere
grkitk. „Iïa‘ ì uhe penevre ikjetl
ikjetlve.
ve. _k gez uhe eglrhêïa quk iïa ì vkr`e`klre
vkr`e`klre au
ikjetlve, tk `kflnlterå au lrå feneiêer pere trås.
As hìta`as `k eutatkstk sïa hels sufdktlvas `a quk quenqukr `as autras
hìta`as quk tkhas `lsoutl`a k ì par lssa quk oaistltukh uh `ksegla ie mare `k
eprki`k-nas. @ksoafrl quk es orleiêes ie helarle `as oesas pa`kh eprki`kr kssks
hìta`as skh prafnkhes, hes es vkzks as e`untas taheh uh pauoa hels `k tkhpa.
Enjuis hkta`as `k eutatkstk perkokh guiolaier ieturenhkitk hknmar pere enjuhes
pkssaes `a quk pere autras. Pkstk-as k vkde `a quen vaoä jaste. @ahlier quenqukr uh
`kstks hkta`as rkqukr tkhpa k pretloe. A helar `ksegla ì eprki`kr quk a sku
oaitrank oaisolkitk oarrk uh pauoa kh `lrkêïa ea kitaria, pere quk sku oarpa passe
ejlr `k heiklre quk tk ejre`k.
Waoä då usau uh patkiolðhktr
patkiolðhktra1(rkjune`ar
a1(rkjune`ar `k knktrlol`e`k) vaoä `kvk tkr kh
enjuhe perk`k kh sue oese, hes sk iïa, pravevknhkitk då usau uh eitks. Jlrei`a a
fatïa `k uh patkiolðhktra, pa`ks ksoanmkr kxtehkitk queite knktrlol`e`k rkokfk
uh faoen `k nuz, k parteita, queita `k nuz tkh.
Oah kxokêïa `a Pkstk `k Kqulnlfrla, e omevk `k ta`as as hkta`as `k eutatkstk ì
kioaitrer e garêe husouner prkolse ea oanaoer sku `k`a `k rkslstkiole.
(lhejkh `a tkstk husouner `as `k`as li`loe`ar, `k`ïa k okitren ‟ hk`ata `k uhe sÿ
hïa)
A Hkta`a `k uhe _ÿ Hïa

k sk gezKssk
oahhkta`a
uhe hïa. perkok uh quk
Vksunte pauoa kijreêe`a, hes
ì, pkssaenhkitk ie vkr`e`k
a hku ì fkh geoln `k user
gevarlta.
Lrå user `als `k`as `e hkshe hïa. Rere e helarle `es pkssaes, a `k`a
li`loe`ar k a `k`a `a hkla guiolaieh `k kxoknkitk heiklre, hes sk par enjuh hatlva
iïa a gezkh, kitïa tkite oah a `k`a hk`la k a eikner.
Ksskiolenhkitk,, uh `as `k`as essuhlrå a pepkn `a f
Ksskiolenhkitk freêa
reêa e skr tkste`a
(omeherkhas kssk a `k`a `k rkslstäiole) k a autra `k`a lre kxkrokr uhe nljklre
prkssïa pere felxa pere kgktuer a tkstk (omeherkhas e kstk a `k`a kxehlie`ar).
Rrlhklra `kol`e quels `k`as gloeh oaigartåvkls quei`a uh gloe kh olhe `a
autra. A quk slite hknmar pravevknhkitk guiolaierå
guiolaierå..
Ejare, oanaquk sue etkiêïa ia `k`a quk skre prksslaie`a pere felxa (a `k`a
`e rkslstäiole)
rkslstäiole)..
Oaha sk vaoä nkvessk uh patkiolðhktra ea håxlha, euhkite e rljl`kz
husouner `kssk `k`a kh pertlouner ea håxlha, pere quk pkrheikêe a hels gartk
passlvkn.

77
 Kiqueita heitìh e garêe ia `k`a `k rkslstäiole, prksslaik-a suevkhkitk
pere felxa oah a `k`a kxehlie`ar. Waoä vel vkr quk ie`e eoaitkok3 a `k`a `k
rkslstäiole iïa vel felxer. Lssa kstå fkh.
Ejare, oaha felxei`a uh patkiolðhktra quesk ea hèilha knk `lhliul a tðius
husouner au e rljl`kz `a `k`a `k rkslstäiole, kitïaì gartk a suglolkitk pere sk
kstki`kr, kh uhe paslêïa `k nlime rkte.
Ejare, kiqueita heitìh kssk felxa ièvkn `k garêe ia `k`a `k rkslstäiole,
prksslaik-a suevkhkitk pere felxa oah a `k`a kxehlie`ar. Waoä vkrå quk a `k`a `e
rkslstäiole `ksok geolnhkitk.
geolnhkitk. Hels uhe vkz, lssa kstå fkh.
Ia hahkita, equl kstå a quk ì lhparteitk kitki`kr.
A eutatkstk guiolaie `k heiklre uh pauoa `lgkrkitk `as autras tlpas `k tkstk
quk eprki`khas. E `lgkrkiêe ksskiolen ì quk vaoä tkh quk `ksoafrlr sue prÿprle
vkrsïa `a „patkiolðhktra‘. Kh autre penevres, tkh quk eprki`kr a quïa gartk oanaoer
sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole pere quk e oaijruäiole rksuntk kh gartk k, livkrsehkitk greoe
lioaijruäiole. Rraita1 Equl vaoä tkh oaha oahprkki`kr lssa. Iïa ì `lgloln.
Oahkok oaiokitrei`a e garêe husouner kh sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole kh 522%.
_utln k gartk. Ejare, feste `lzkr „Iïa‘, au vaoä pa`k `lzkr „ß`la‘ k prksslaik oah a
`k`a kxehlie`ar. Waoä `kvk iater, oah e garêe `a `k`a `e rkslstäiole oaiokitre`a
ea håxlha quk hksha `lzki`a uhe penevre ikjetlve, sku `k`a iïa lrå felxer.
Em. Hes ejare tkitkhas oaiokitrer e garêe kstefknkoki`a e rkslstäiole uh
pauoa hels etrås k rkpktk e penevre ikjetlve4 „Iïa‘ au „ß`la‘ (uh(uhee `kstes `ues
penevres guiolaierå, hes kh fusoe `e oaisls
oaislstäiole
täiole ksoanme uhe k glq
glquk
uk oah kne
kiqueita eprki`k lsta).
Ejare prksslaie a `k`a `k rkslstäiole pere felxa k vkde a quk eoaitkok. Ie`e1
Iïa tkh prafnkhe.
Pkitk kstefknkokr uh tðia husouner `k rkslstäiole uh pauoa hels pere trås k
rkpktk e penevre ikjetlve3 kitïa geêe a tkstk iavehkitk.
K esslh par `leitk. Kh enjuh hahkita, vaoä kioaitrerå uh patkiolðhktra/
uh heroa `k garêe husouner pere sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole quk ì dusta a
suglolkitkhkitkk greoa pere ok`kr e prkssïa `a `k`a kxehlie`ar, quei`a `lje uhe
suglolkitkhkit
`ksses penevres ikjetlves. Ikh fkh lssa aoarre, utlnlze kssk heroa `k garêe ia `k`a
`k rkslstäiole k `lz enja pasltlva oaha „_lh‘ au „ Ehar‘ k lhk`letehkitk geêe a tkstk
`k iava. @kvk rksunter
E omevk oahpnktekh`kssk
gartk.hìta`a `k eutatkstk ì oahprkki`kr quïa gartk
ikoksslet oanaoer sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole `k ha`a quk knk pkrheikêe gartk oah e
penevre pasltlve oaha ehar k sk kigrequkêe oah e penevre ikjetlve oaha ÿ`la. Ie
vkr`e`k lssa ì tu`a safrk knk hksha.
Enjuhes pkssaes pa`kh eprki`kr a eutatkstk hulta geolnhkitk. A hels `ègloln
safrk kssk tlpa `k tkstk ì sue ieturkze afdktlve.
E tki`äiole muheie ì qukstlaier
qukstlaier oe`e rkspaste quk aftìh
aftìh quei`a kstå
gezki`a a tkstk kh slsl hksha, hes slhpnkshkitk vaoä ikoks
ikoksslte
slte oaigler kh sl h
hksha
ksha
k kh sku sufoaisolkitk, `k ai`k pravìh es rkspastes.
@ksoafrl quk a eutatkstk ì likstlhåvkn. Vkqukr pråtloe k pa`k pereokr
lhpasslvkn ia oahkêa, hes sk vaoä
v aoä gloer oah knk, eork`lta quk vaoä vel eomer hulta
venlasa tehfìh.
(lhejkh `a hìta`a a traioa oeè`a)
A Hìta`a `a Praioa Oeè`a

7:
 _k vaoä usau a hìta`a `k eutatkstk `k uhe hïa sÿ, oah `ues hïa ea livìs
`k uhe knk sk perkokrle ea prÿxlha hìta`a.
_k vaoä gar `kstra, oanaquk e hïa ksqukr`e kh garhe `k puima k kstki`e a
`k`a li`loe`ar pere grkitk. Kstk `k`a skrå sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole au a `k`a ia quen
a tkstk skrå gklta.
Oanaquk e hïa `lrklte safrk a puima ksqukr`a k skjurk-a `k heiklre glrhk,
oanaoei`a e untlhe ertlouneêïa `k sku `k`a hèilha `lrklta safrk sku `k`a li`loe`ar
ksqukr`a kstki`l`a kh quenqukr paslêïa quk skde oðha`e. _k ì oeimata,
slhpnkshkitk rkvkrtk e paslêïa `k sues hïas.
Ejare tkh skus `k`as paslolaie`as `k heiklre oarrkte, pa`k skjulr a hksha
pe`rïa quk tk genkl ie kxpnloeêïa `k uhe hïa sÿ. Rere sue oaivkiläiole `erkl es
hkshes listruêûks equl4
Oahkok oaiokitrei`a e garêe husouner kh sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole kh 522%.
_utln k gartk. Ejare, feste `lzkr „Iïa‘, au vaoä pa`k `lzkr „ß`la‘ k prksslaik oah a
`k`a kxehlie`ar. Waoä `kvk iater, oah e garêe `a `k`a `e rkslstäiole oaiokitre`a
ea håxlha quk hksha `lzki`a uhe penevre ikjetlve, sku `k`a iïa lrå felxer.
Em. Hes ejare tkitkhas oaiokitrer e garêe kstefknkoki`a e rkslstäiole uh
pauoa hels etrås k rkpktk e penevre ikjetlve4 „Iïa‘ au „ß`la‘ (uhe `kstes `ues
penevres guiolaierå, hes kh fusoe `e oaisls
oaislstäiole
täiole ksoanme uhe k glq
glquk
uk oah kne
kiqueita eprki`k lsta).
Ejare prksslaie a `k`a `k rkslstäiole pere felxa k vkde a quk eoaitkok. Ie`e1
Iïa tkh prafnkhe.
Pkitk kstefknkokr uh tðia husouner `k rkslstäiole uh pauoa hels pere trås k
rkpktk e penevre ikjetlve3 kitïa geêe a tkstk iavehkitk.
K esslh par `leitk. Kh enjuh hahkita, vaoä kioaitrerå uh patkiolðhktra/
uh heroa `k garêe husouner pere sku `k`a `k rkslstäiole quk ì dusta a
suglolkitkhkitkk greoa pere ok`kr e prkssïa `a `k`a kxehlie`ar, quei`a `lje uhe
suglolkitkhkit
`ksses penevres ikjetlves. Ikh fkh lssa aoarre, utlnlze kssk heroa `k garêe ia `k`a
`k rkslstäiole k `lz enja pasltlva oaha „_lh‘ au „ Ehar‘ k lhk`letehkitk geêe a tkstk
`k iava. @kvk rksunter kh gartk.
A Hìta`a Pmktemkenlij (eiìls kineêe`as)
Oah uhe hïa gez a sèhfana `k Acey, taoei`a e paite `a sku `k`a pankjer
oah e paite
apaste `a sku `a
pere `kitra `k`a li`loe`ar.
eikn. As `k`asNaja `ksnlzk
`kitra a pankjer
`a eikn skrïa kasas`k`as
prlhklras `k`a `e hïa
kxehlie`arks. As
`k`as quk garheh a eikn skrïa as `k`as `k rkslstäiole. _kjuli`a a praok`lhkita quk
då kxpnlqukl ias hìta`as eitkrlar
eitkrlarks,
ks, trete `k verler e queitl
queitl`e`k
`e`k `k rksls
rkslstäiole
täiole ia
eikn ea `lzkr enja ikjetlva au lioaijrukitk. Kiqueita gez e eglrheêïa utlnlze as `k`as
`kitra `a eikn pere prksslaier pere gare (lhejkh `a hìta`a Pmktemkenl
Pmktemkenlij).
ij). Pkitk
prksslaier oah garêe suglolkitk pere `kserher a eikn. Uuei`a kioaitrk uh heroa `k
garêe quk tk `å `kflnl`e`k
`kflnl`e`k kh uhe eglrheêïa ikjet
ikjetlve
lve au lioaijrukitk, k quk hksha
esslh pkrheikêe gartk kh uhe eglrheêïa pasltlve au oaijrukitk, enl kstå.
Kioaitrei`a uh quk guiolaik pere vaoä
Kioaitrkl quk epraxlhe`ehkitk =2% `es pkssaes kh hkus skhliårla ea vlva
tkrïa äxlta lhk`leta utlnlzei`a pkna hkias uh `as hìta`as `k eutatkstk quk `ksorkvl
ikstk oepltuna. Hlime sujkstïa pere vaoä ì quk slhpnkshkitk pretlquk.
pretlquk.
Iïa sk `kseilhk! Kiqueita enjuhes pkssaes perkokh eprki`kr kssk hìta`a
`k eutatkstk `k heiklre listeitæike, e helarle `es pkssaes tkh quk pretloer, glquk

7=
oah knk par uh tkhpa, k oaha ei`er `k flolonkte, lrå sk oaivkrtkr kh uh eta `k
rkgnkxa kh pauoa tkhpa.
_k uh `kssks hìta`as ì hels oðha`a au skitk hels ieturen, pretlquk-a.
_ÿ utlnlzei`a penevres quk sïa onerehkitk pasltlves, ikjetlves oaha slh/iïa
au ehar/ÿ`la kiqueita kstlvkr eprki`ki`a pa`krå rkglier ksse meflnl`e`k hulta hels
råpl`a. Eprki`kr a eutatkstk ì apolaien ia usa `a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks, hes a
`ahlila `k quenqukr hìta`a `k eutatkstk pa`k geolnlter k tarier es oalses hels
kglolkitks.
Ì onera quk a hìta`a `k eutatkstk hels slhpnks ì a Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla a quen
rkqukr pauoe pråtloe pere e helarles `es pkssaes. Es ôiloes `ksveitejkis `a Pkstk `k
Kqulnèfrla ì quk `kvk gloer `k pì pere use-na k quk nkve uh pauoa hels `k tkhpa quk
as hìta`as `k eutatkstk, Då quk `kvk `er tkhpa ea oarpa pere sk feneiêer skh garêå-
na.
Uuei`a oaiskjul `ahlier a eutatkstk vl es veitejkis
v eitejkis `k lhk`leta då iïa
ikokssltkl `k autre pkssae pere edu`er e gezkr a tkstk ias peolkitks quk kreh
tkhparerlehkitk iïa eptas pere pretloer a tkstk. Ejare as pa`le kxehlier gezki`a a
tkstk kh hlh hksha. Pehfìh pa`le omkoer e hlh hksha safrk es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es k par autras `kskqulnlfrlas k oarrljl-nas ku hksha. A eutatkstk hk `ku
uhe garhe slhpnks kgktlve k råpl`e `k enoeiêer es rkspastes quk ksteve fusoei`a.
_k `ÿl, perk!
_k enjuh `kstks tkstks oahkêe e oeuser lionuslvk a hkiar lhoðha`a, traoe
par uh tkstk `lgkrkitk. A lioðha`a au e `ar ì uh slien `k quk kstå usei`a hulte
garêe, k sk oaitliue epkser `a lioðha`as pa`k heomuoer-sk au ligneher as tkol`as.
@k heiklre l`ken, `kvkrle user e hkiar queitl`e`k `k garêe husouner
ikoksserle pere nkver e oefa quenqukr garhe `k tkstk husouner. Uuei`a eprki`l kssks
hìta`as pkne prlhklre vkz utlnlzeve uh heroa `k garêe hulta ente k oaha rksunte`a
hkus `k`as gloeveh `anarl`as. Ia glien, `ksoafrl quk pa`le utlnlzer uh heroa `k garêe
husounes quk kre suglolkitk oaha pere nkveiter hku `k`a `k rkslstäiole. Kstks
hìta`as `k eutatkstk guiolaierïa kh `lgkrkitks garêes `k rkslstäiole, hes queita
hels ente skde e rkslstäiole, hels oeisetlva skrå a tkstk pere vaoä k pravåvknhkitk
skus `k`as gloerïa `anarl`as. _k kxpkrlhkite enjuh lioðha`a ea nkver e oefa
quenqukr `kstks tkstks,
tkstks, perk. Ksoanme uh hìta`a `lgkrkitk `k tkstkstk
tk etì quk e `ar
`kseperkêe kPrkliei`a
tkitk utlnlzer hkiaskrkslstäiole.
es Va`es e Litulêïa (Wkrlgloer oaioar`æiole k tre`uêïa)
_k utlnlze a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks par uh naija tkhpa, pa`k oahkêer e iater uh
gkiðhkia kstreima. [he greêïa `k skjui`a eitks `k aftkr e rkspaste etrevìs `a
tkstk husouner, e rkspaste pa`k eperkokr `k heiklre rkpkitlie kh sue hkitk, oaha
uhe suevk vaz quk sussurre. Ia prlioèpla pa`k skr tïa suevk quk perkok
lhpkrokptlvkn.
Ra`k skr quk iïa kstkde eoastuhe`a e auvlr ksse suevk vaz, hes vkrå e tl
hksha `lzki`a „sefle quk ksse kre e rkspaste. Ikh fkh oahkêe e gezkr a tkstk
slhpnkshkitk a skitlrå k a sefkrå. Kstk oaimkolhkita litultlva gnul etì vaoä `ks`k
`ks` k a
feioa `k `e`as `e oaisoläiole uilvkrsen, `ks`k a her `e litknljäiole k e kikrjle quk
ias olroui`e e ta`as.
A tkstk husouner ì oaha trklier es ra`es pere sue litulêïa

7<
 Kiqueita sk tarie uh kxpkrt kh ksouter sue litulêïa, `ksoafrlrå quk `ksse
heiklre pa`k sefkr quen ì e rkspaste. Ra`k skitlr. Uueita hels etkiêïa prkste e ksses
litulêûks sutls , hknmar oaimkokrå es rkspastes e sues pkrjuites.
Oahuiloeêïa iïa vkrfen
E oahuiloeêïa quk ì kstefknkol`e kh vaoä oaha tkrepkute k peolkitk iïa
ikoksserlehkitk
ikoksserlehk itk tkh quk skr vkrfen. Ku hksha kioaitrkl kssk gkiðhkia hultas eias
etrås. Ku ksteve eoastuhe`a e utlnlzer a tkstk `a oahprlhkita `es pkries oah hku
hìta`a prliolpen pere evenler peolkitks k uskl oah suokssa par hultas eias. Eprki`kr
k `ahlier a tkstk `k oahprlhkita `es pkries nkve uh pauoa hels `k tkhpa, par lssa
iïa a kislierkl equl, hes vaoä pa`k eprki`kr etrevìs `a sltk4
www.MkenkrsNlfrery.oah..
www.MkenkrsNlfrery.oah
A tkstk `k oahprlhkita `es pkries ì rkenhkitk epkies uhe autre garhe `k
tkstk husouner, hes es rkspastes sïa `e`es pkna oarpa etrevìs `k hu`eiêes ia
oahprlhkita `es pkries ea livìs `k hu`eiêe ie garêe husouner. Vepl`ehkitk ,
eprki`l quk a oarpa hk `erle rkspastes `e hkshe heiklre slhpnks usei`a ksse garhe
`k tkstk `a quk oah quenqukr autre garhe. Pariau-sk hku prliolpen hìta`a pere lftkr
rkspastes ias oarpas `k hkus peolkitks. @k geta, par hultas eias, e prlhklre oalse
quk glz oah e helarle `as peolkitks gal pk`lr-nmks quk sk `kltesskh `k faoe pere felxa
k slhpnkshkitk pk`l e skus oarpas uhe rkspaste `k „slh‘ au „iïa‘ , e quen a oarpa
`erle etrevìs `k hu`eiêes ia oahprlhkita `es pkries. Es pkries gloerleh
khperknme`es ia oahprlhkita pere pere „slh‘ k `ksperknmes pere „iïa‘. _khprk
guiolaiau pere hlh, skh ikimuh prafnkhe, etì quk uh `le aoarrku enja
litkrksseitk.
Ku ksteve trefenmei`a kh uh peolkitk må enjuis hliutas k sku tretehkita
ksteve omkjei`a ea glh. Anmkl pere felxa pere vkrlgloer a oahprlhkita `es pkries, a
quk kre pkrgkltehkitk kqulnlfre`a, anmkl pere knes `k vante k skh pkrokfkr ku oanaqukl
hlime etkiêïa kh sku rlh `lrklta. Rkiskl kh sku rlh `lrklta par hahkita. Kitïa ku
gul anmer k vkrlgloer a oahprlhkita `k sues pkries, `k rkpkitk a oahprlhkita `k sues
pkries kre `lgkrkitk. Ku rknexkl a dklt quk ksteve skjurei`a, anmkl iavehkitk k `kste
vkz pkiskl kh sku rlh ksqukr`a. Omkqukl iavehkitk a oahprlhkita `k sues pkries k
ksteveh kqulnlfre`es.
Iavehkitk pkiskl kh sku rlh `lrklta par uh hahkita, omkqukl `k iava a
oahprlhkita
lhejlier, `espeolkitk
e kstk pkries krkenhkitk
kre afvlehkitk
ksteve `lgkrkitk.
suok`ki`aGlqukl essahfre`a!
enja kh Oaha@k
sku rlh `lrklta. pa`k
geta, rkksuntau quk tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e kirelze`e ikste årke `k sku oarpa,
`kskqulnlfrei`a sku rlh `lrklta. Lhk`letehkitk, epÿs nlfkrer ksse khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, de iïa pu`k oaiskjulr a `ksenlimehkita `a oahprlhkita `es pkries oah
a slhpnks geta `k anmer sku rlh `lrklta, `kvl`a ea hatlva `a `kskqulnlfrla ia rlh sk
mevle l`a.
Kste kxpkrläiole gal oaha uhe kplgeile pere hlh k lhk`letehkitk oanaqukl kstk
oaimkolhkita kh pråtloe. E pertlr
pertl r `equknk hahkita, sk oaivkrtku kh uh praok`lhkita
pe`rïa pere ku gezkr slnkiolasehkitk es pkrjuites `a oarpa. As rksunte`as kreh as hkshas
`k eitks. E ôiloe `lgkrkiêe kre quk ku ksteve slhpnkshkitk pkisei`a es pkrjuites quk ku
ksteve pkisei`a k vaoenlzei`a eitks.
Rar hultas eias, iuioe tlvk
t lvk quenqukr tlpa `k prafnkhe oah kssk tlpa `k tkstk.
Rerkoku-hk quk mevle uh kna `k oahuiloeêïa pnkia k oahpnkta kitrk hkus peolkitks k e
hlh hksha quk kre tatenhkitk iïa vkrfen.

:2
 @ksoafrl quk quenqukr pkrjuite quk ku pu`kssk gezkr kh vaz ente, pa`le skr gklte
slnkiolasehkitk skh quenqukr `lgkrkiêe ia rksunte`a.
E prapÿslta, e oahuiloeêïa iïa vkrfen guiolaie oah ta`es es garhes `k tkstk, `a
Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla ea Pkstk Fåsloa `a Freêa, etì quenqukr autra hìta`a quk vaoä enjuhe vkz
tkime gklta.
E pkssae quk kste ski`a kxehlie`e pa`k slhpnkshkitk pkiser sue eglrheêïa k a
rksunte`a skrå a hksha quk sk mauvkssk vaoenlze`a e pkrjuite. @a hkshe garhe, e pkssae

quk kste gezki`a

rksunte`a a tkstkquk
skrå a hksha pa`kskslhpnkshkitk pkiser ee pkrjuite
mauvkssk vaoenlze`a pkrjuite.quk qukr gezkr ea peolkitk k a
Iuioe tlvk ikimuh prafnkhe oah kssk tlpa `k tkstk iïa vkrfen etk quk uh peolkitk
hk kisliau uhe lhparteitk nlêïa.
A penmeêa `a ligkria
Flnn mevle vli`a hk vkr pere treter sue `ar ies oastes uis hksks etrås. Knk ksteve li`a
hulta fkh k iequknk `le kh pertlouner mevle vli`a pere gezkr uhe omkoejkh `k ratlie.
@kltau-sk
@kltau-sk `k faoe pere felxa kh hlime heoe k glz a tkstk `a oahprlhkita `es pkries. „Hk `e
uh slh oaha rkspaste‘. Oaigkrl a oahprlhkita `k sues pkries. Ksteve kqulnlfre`e. Kitïa
pkiskl4 „Hk `e uh iïa oaha rkspaste‘. Oaigkrl sue pkrie3 hes pere hlim hlimee surprkse iïa
mevle ikimuhe hu`eiêe. Lssa gal hulta kstreima. Ksteve usei`a kssk tlpa `k tkstk må hels `k
uhe `ìoe`e, hes iuioe mevle vlsta enja esslh eoaitkokr. A oahprlhkita `k sue pkrie
`kvkrle tkr hu`e`a, hes iïa gal esslh. Iïa kitki`le parquk iïa ksteve guiolaiei`a.
Vkpktl a praok`lhkita verles vkzks skh quenqukr hu`eiêe. Rkrpnkxa, krjul as anmas

kpar
ieuh hahkita
pertk k iatkl
`k trås tlime a quk
uhe kstevetkrrlvknhkitk
lhejkh ies oastes `knk. Knk ksteve
henljie `e oerevkstli`a uhe oehlse
`k uh penmeêa oah freioe
es
prkses plijei`a seijuk.
Kh uh penpltk, tlrkl uh pk`eêa `k pepkn k oah knk oafrl e lhejkh. Kitïa glz a tkstk `k
oahprlhkita `e pkrie iavehkitk k `k rkpkitk e prave guiolaiau oaha `kvkrle. Ku ksteve
greioehkitk lhprksslaie`a. @ksoafrl e lhejkh, rkenlzkl a tkstk hels uhe vkz k... ie`e. Oafrl
e lhejkh oah a pepkn iavehkitk k a tkstk guiolaiau. Etk equknk hahkita, iïa mevèehas
traoe`a uhe penevre `ks`k quk ku tlime oahkêe`a a tkstk.
@kpals `k tlrer k oanaoer `k iava a pepkn hels enjuhes vkzks, oaiglrhei`a a
rksunte`a, glienhkitk oaitkl a quk ksteve eoaitkoki`a. Ku `lssk4 „Eork`lta quk e lhejkh `a
penmeêa quk tkh ie pertk `k trås `e sue oehlskte kste tk egktei`a ikjetlvehkitk k tehfìh
eoma quk `kvkrle oaisl`krer
oaisl`krer `ksgezkr-sk
`ksgezkr-sk `kne‘.‘ Iuioe hels
hels vantau e hku ksorltÿrla `kpals
`lssa.
Pu`a quk kxlstk lrre`le kikrjle vlfreolaien quk tkh uh kgklta glien kh iassa prÿprla
oehpa `k kikrjle, skde knk fah au rulh.
Enjuhes oalses tkrïa kgklta vlfreolaien hels pasltlva k autres tkrïa uh kgklta hels
ikjetlva. Rar kxkhpna, sk vaoä afskrver uhe lhejkh `k E`ang Mltnkr, passlvknhkitk a
rksunte`a `a tkstk `erå quk kstå
kstå greoa au vel feneiêer pere trås. Egestei`a-sk `k sue llhejkh
hejkh
k `k ta`e ikjetlvl`e`k quk lssa
lssa oaiate. _k afskrver uhe lhejkh `k He`rkHe`rk Pkrkse, ì hulta
pravåvkn quk a rksunte`a `a tkstk skde quk kstå gartk au quk sk feneiok pere grkitk, pere e
pasltlvl`e`k `k sue kikrjle. _k afskrve
a fskrve glxehkitk uhe pliture `k uhe fkne pelsejkh, e
kikrjle vlfreolaien lrre`le`e pkne pliture tkrå uh kgklta pasltlva kh vaoä. Rar autra, ne`a uhe
pliture `k uhe okie `k `kjre`eêïa k hå vlfrerå lrå vlfrer kh uhe grkqþäiole hulta felxe k
sku oarpa rksuntere kh uhe rkpunse.
rkpunse. Oaisl`kra quk sïa as prÿprlas afdktas quk lrre`leh
kstes grkqþäioles, pasltlves au ikjetlves. Iassas venarks pkssaels k essaoleêûks
e ssaoleêûks tehfìh täh
sku pepkn .
Kstk ì uh tkstk quk vaoä pa`k rkenlzer, quk hastrerå oaha e ikjetlvl`e`k au e
pasltlvl`e`k egkteh sue kikrjle. @ä uhe anme`e ikste gljure slhpnks (lhejkh `a rasta
sarrli`a/trlstk khatlai).
khatlai).
_k anmer `k uh ne`a, ì uh rasta pasltlva k sarrl`kitk. _k vaoä vlrer, sk tarie uh rasta
ikjetlva k oah okima greizl`a. _k vaoä anmer pere e gljure quei`a kne kstlvkr nkveite`e,

:5
iaterå quk vel feneiêer pere kne au a rksunte`a `e prave `erå quk kstå gartk. _k vaoä vlrer, vel
sk egester au a rksunte`a `a tkstk `erå quk kstå greoa. Iïa oaiglk kh hlime penevre.
Kxpkrlhkitk k vkde par sl hksha.
_anuêïa `k Rrafnkhes
@k rkpkitk as rksunte`as `as kxehks `k sku peolkitk hastreh quk kstå greoa
oaisteitkhkitk
E hkitk rkenlze uh trefenma essahfrasa juer`ei`a uh rkjlstra `es oalses3 k

jkrenhkitk,
Hes `k vkz kh skrå oepez `k
quei`a, nlhper es
a oìrkfra khaêûks eprlslaie`es
ì safrkoerrkje`a oah asskh quk e`k
hlnmerks hkitk `ä uhe`k
grejhkitas peuse.
ligarheêûks litkrnlje`es k oah es oaikxûks k rkoaikxûks quk `kvkh skr knlhlie`es `kpals
quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì nlfkre`e.
Kstk rksunte`a ì uh gkiðhkia quk omeha `k „safrkoerje‘, quk gerå oah quk a
rksunte`a `a tkstk `k uhe pkssae skde4 greoa, iïa lhparte a quk vaoä geêe. Ì uhe oai`lêïa
tkhparårle k jkrenhkitk `ure hkias `k ?2 skjui`as.
Kh reres aoeslûks (oah khaêûks eprlslaie`es hels jrevks, jkrenhkitk) tkima vlsta
peolkitks kitrerkh oah uhe safrkoerje k pkrheikokrkh ikstk kste`a par mares, etì par uh
`le litklra. Hultes vkzks, sk `e ea sku peolkitk uh tkhpa, sku oìrkfra tkrhlierå a
praokssehkita k pa`krå rkenlzer a tkstk iavehkitk.
E tltuna `k kxpnloeêïa, lhejlie e skjulitk sltueêïa. Waoä sk kioaitre skite`a kh sku
oerra e hkle ialtk. As gerÿls eoksas. A hatar `ksnlje`a. A oerra iïa nlje,
n lje, vlre e omevk pere nljå-
na k a hatar gez VVVVrrrr VVVVrrrr VVVVrrrr iavehkitk
iavehkitk k iavehkitk. Afskrve
Afskrve quk,

kiqueita vaoäenlje
oarpa `ureitk a hatar,es
safrkoerje. nuzksekstïa
Oaha hkitkgreoes. Lssa ì slhlner litkislvehkitk,
kste guiolaiei`a
kste ea quk kste eoaitkoki`a oahaa
praokssei`a
praokssei`a
quk vaoä eoefau `k gezkr, `lhliul e queitl`e`k `k kikrjle `lspaièvkn pere a tkstk husouner.
A Vksunte`a `a Pkstk `k sku Reolkitk `å _lh iïa Lhparte a quk geêe
_k vaoä kste tkitei`a trefenmer kh uhe pkssae ouda rksunte`a `a tkstk `e „gartk‘ iïa
l,parte a quk geêe, tkime kh hkitk quk e kste pkssae pa`k skr quk iïa `ä pere gezkr a tkstk
ikstk hahkita. Kh hlime kxpkrläiole oaisl`kre-sk quk okroe `k uhe kh kh oe`e oliqþkite
iïa kste, tkhparerlehkitk kh kh oai`lêûks `k skr kxehlie`e3
kxehlie`e3 lsta ì, pkrheikokrå gartk iïa
lhparte quïa lioaijrukitks au genses skdeh sues eglrheêûks. Ia kiteita, iïa ì uh prafnkhe
skrla ikh pkrheikitk.
@ksoafrl quk lssa jkrenhkitk sk `kvk e uhe au `ues oalses. Au kstïa `ksl`rete`as,
au, uh au hels assas `a pksoaêa kstïa `ksenlime`as.
Uuei`a enjuìh kste `ksl`rete`a, egkte `lrktehkitk sue garêe husouner k sue
oai`utlvl`e`k knìtrloe. Geêe-a fkfkr uh oapa `k åjue3 kitïa, tkitk iavehkitk. Es vkzks ì
tu`a a quk prkolse. Waoä tehfìh pa`k fkfkr uh pauoa `k åjue3 sk kstå `ksl`rete`a a tkstk
skrå egkte`a `e hkshe garhe.
_k prkolser `k uh edustk ia pksoaêa, a `ksenlimehkita `as assas pa`k kster orlei`a
uhe litkrgkräiole ia slstkhe ikrvasa, lilfli`a oaikxûks ikurels k `ksgezki`a hkisejkis
pere as hôsounas. Ikstk oesa, `kvkrle vkr sku qulrapråtloa pere uh edustk, kitïa knknkk `kvkrå
skr oepez `k rkenlzer a tkstk.
Rar gevar, iatk quk ì skhprk passèvkn kxehlier uhe pkssae quk iïa kstkde kh
oai`lêûks `k rkenlzer a tkstk, sk vaoä tkh kxpkrläiole ilssa. Waoä tehfìh pa
pa`k`k rksanvkr kstk
prafnkhe utlnlzei`a uh tkstk oah uh sufstltuta, quk vehas `kfetkr hels `ktenme`ehkitk ia
oepltuna =. Ia nujer `k kxehlier a li`lvl`ua `lrktehkitk,
`lrktehkitk, a tkstk oah sufs
sufstltuta
tltuta nmk pkrhltk
kxehlier uhe tkroklre pkssae k eli`e epravklter a sufoaisolkitk `a sudklta pere aftkr es
rkspastes `kskde`es.
_k enjuìh kste `ktkrhlie`a e iïa gezkr a tkstk husouner, jkrenhkitk a najrerå.
Hes sljilgloe quk iïa kstå oaapkrei`a
o aapkrei`a `knlfkre`ehkitk, k quk iïa qukr quk a tkstk
guiolaik. Pkh skus prÿprlas essuitas. _k gar kssk a oesa. Iïa ì uh oei`l`eta l`ken pere a
Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks. @k tkhpas kh tkhpas, kioaitra pkssaes quk `kol`lreh quk a tkstk
husouner iïa guiolaie. K vaoä sefk1 Iïa guiolaie oah knks! Knks sk okrtlgloeh `lssa.

:6
 Oaha tkh vlsta, kstks tkstks iïa sïa safrk pure garêe gèsloe. Wl oesas kh quk a
hôsouna `k uhe pkssae sk `kflnltau teita quk knks nltkrenhkitk iïa supartereh e hèilhe
prkssïa pere felxa3 parkh ikh skhprk ì esslh. Hultes vkzks vel `ktkot
`ktkoter
er uhe nljklre
hu`eiêe ie garêe husouner, e `lgkrkiêe kitrk a hôsouna quk kstkde „treve`a‘ au „ha „hank‘.
nk‘.
A tkstk husouner guiolaie kh quesk ta`es es pkssaes, ie helarle `es vkzks. Hes
autres oalses pa`kh kitrer kh daja.
da ja. Es vkzks iïa guiolaie slhpnkshkitk par quk iïa sk
skitkh oaigartåvkls par enjuh hatlva. Au eomeh quk ì rulh. Au kstïa ie `kgkislve,

essuste`as,
pkssaes iïaoah
kstïahk`a `k enja safrk
kh oai`lêûks safrk knks skde
`k skrkh rkvkne`a.ieRar
kxehlie`es kxkhpna,
grkitk `ksoafrl
`k autres3 quk es vkzks
ia kiteita sïa es
pkrgkltehkitk vlåvkls quei`a iïa kstïa ie grkitk `a pufnloa.
_khprk Vkokfe Rkrhlssïa
_khprk kxpnlquk a quk vel gezkr eitks `k gezä-na. _k vaoä gar prksslaier sku freêa pere
gezkr uh tkstk, kxpnlquk a praok`lhkita oah eitkok`äiole k aftkime pkrhlssïa.
Ì passèvkn kxehlier autres pkssaes etrevìs `a eutatkstk skh quk knks selfeh a quk
kste hen.
Ì gui`ehkiten pk`lr pkrhlssïa pere pkssae quk vaoä vel rkenlzer a tkstk k ì
gui`ehkiten quk etki`e skus `kskdas.
Vkenlzer tkstks es pkssaes skh sue pkrhlssïa k oaitre sue vaite`k ì uhe vkr`e`klre
livesïa e sue litlhl`e`k k slhpnkshkitk uh jrei`k krra. Iïa ì ìtloa. Iïa geêe!
Iuioe kxehlik au trefenmk uh hkiar skh e pkrhlssïa `as skus pels a au
u rkspaisåvkn!
A tkstk Husouner iïa ì Rere Jeimer ie Natkrle

`kvk skrAuse`a
tkstk pere
husouner ì uh prkskitk
`ktkrhlier `k `kus,
as iôhkras pere ias`epkrhltlr
jeime`arks natkrle, edu`er uisskr
iïa `kvk easuse`a
autras. Iïa
pere
pkrjuiter sk `kvkrle eoklter uh trefenma, kto. pkrjuiter quenqukr oalse quk iïa kstkde
rkneolaie`e oah e seô`k, `k quenqukr garhe,
garhe, ie hlime kxpkrläiole, iïa vel guiolaier. Ra`k
pkrjuiter safrk a prkskitk, hes iïa tretk `k vkr a gutura
gutura då quk a tkstk husouner iïa ì pere
kste glienl`e`k k as rksunte`as skrleh pauoa oaiglåvkls. Kssk tlpa `k tkstk ì pere a prkskitk k
sk epnloe ea quk kste eoaitkoki`a ejare, ia prkskitk, k tehfìh `ktkrhlie es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `a pesse`a.
Iïa usk a Pkstk Rere Paher Jrei`ks @kolsûks
@kvkrå oaigler kh hlh `kste vkz. @k eoar`a oah e hlime kxpkrläiole, gloau onera pere
hlh quk kstk tkstk ì uh `ah `k @kus k tkh uh prapÿslta kspkolgloa. Hes quk as glis sïa
nlhlte`as. Ra`k gezkr a tkstk pere oe`e `kolsïa quk taher, hes iïa vel oaiskjulr ie`e enkh
`k sk tarier ikurÿtloa, ie hlime aplilïa. [sk a tkstk
t kstk husouner pere kioaitrer khaêûks
eprlslaie`es k pere edu`er e sl hksha k eas autras e gloerkh fkh glsloehkitk k ie`e hels.
Rkrhlte-sk skr Jule`a
Iïa skde tïa arjunmasa k pkêe edu`e e @kus. Knk då sefk es rkspastes quk kste
praourei`a k qukr tk edu`er,
e du`er, hes vaoä tkh quk pkrjuiter. Lssa hk nkhfre `e gehase pliture
`k Orlsta, kh quk knk kste
kste `leitk `e parte `k uhe oese,
oese, fetki`a. A kstreima ì quk e parte
iïa tkh enêe `a ne`a `k gare. Knk iïa vel efrlr. Waoä tkh quk gezä-na. Eork`ltk kh hlh queita
`k `lja quk rkza uhe areêïa slnkiolase oe`e vkz quk kxehlia enjuìh k pkêa e @kus quk hk
edu`k skhprk, k Knk skhprk edu`e. Kxpkrlhkitk!
_kde peolkitk oah vaoä hksha
Enjuhes pkssaes e`qulrkh ksses meflnl`e`ks oah hulte geolnl`e`k kiqueita autres
nkveh hels tkhpa. Rrahkta quk sk vaoä pkrskvkrer tkrå rksunte`as hels geolnhkitk k efrlrå
uh hui`a `k oure.
E prlhklre vkz quk enjuìh tk anmer ias anmas k tk ejre`kokr oah nejrlhes ias anmas
pkna quk vaoä par knk, kitki`krå a quk hk rkglra.
Iïa må ie`e hels vloleitk `a quk kssk skitlhkita `k edu`er es pkssaes. Iïa eoaitkok
skhprk, hes eoaitkokrå sk slhpnkshkitk a tlvkr kh sku oareêïa pere edu`er teites pkssaes
queita pu`kr.
Kstefknkêe uh Raita `k Rertl`e

:?
 @kvl`a e quk es pkssaes sïa tïa `lgkrkitks, ì gui`ehkiten kstefknkokr uh paita `k
pertl`e oah oe`e pkssae pere quk oaha skitlr e oaijruäiole au lioaijruäiole ia sku oesa.
E heiklre hels slhpnks `k rkenlzå-na ì pk`lr quk `ljeh uhe eglrheêïa
vkr`e`klrehkitk oaimkol`e k `kpals uhe gense, par kxkhpna, `lzkr sku prÿprla iahk k kh
skjul`e `lzkr sku iahk `k autre pkssae3 au pk`lr quk `ljeh uhe penevre pasltlve oaha „slh‘
au „ehar‘ skjul`e `k uhe penevre ikjetlve oaha „iïa‘ au „ÿ`la‘.
Wkrlglquk sku Prefenma

skjul`es_kau`ureitk uh kxehk,
hels, jasta aftkima
`k gezkr
gezkr uh hôsouna
iavehkitk gartk
a tkstk `a paiau
tauh
paita hôsounapere
`k pertl`e greoa
hkträs vkzks sk
esskjurer
e pkssae kstå kh oai`lêûks `k skr kxehlie`e.
_k sku tkstk kstå `kharei`a hels tkhpa `a quk a iarhen ì uhe fae l`ìle vkrlgloer
pkrla`loehkitk sku paita `k pertl`e perepere jereitlr quk kstå ia oehlima. Es vkzks es pkssaes
gloeh safrkoerrkje`es kiqueita vaoä kstå kstå es kxehliei`a
kxehliei`a k ikssk oesa tkrå grequkze kh
ta`as as tkstks quk glzkr etì quk eoefk a praokssa. Ì uhe fae pråtloe tkstå-nas safrk uhe
penevre ikjetlve sk oaitliue aftki`a rkspastes gartks k vlok-vkrse .
Pkime oul`e`a oah as Rkisehkitas Krreitks.
Ì passèvkn lignukioler ias rksunte`as `as tkstks pkna quk kstå pkisei`a. _k iïa eork`lte kh
hlh , epkies vkde a quk eoaitkok quei`a vaoä rkenlze uh tkstk husouner kiqueita pkise enja
ikjetlva au pkdaretlva safrk knks. Ksterïa greoas. Ì rkenhkitk lhparteitk heitkr-sk
oaiokitre`a.
_k kstå tki`a pkisehkitas
pkisehkitas ikjetlvas kh sue oefkê
oefkêee safrk e pkssae kh quk kstå rkenlzei`a

a tkstk-kigrequkokr.
pa`kh lionuslvk sk e pkssae
pkssae gar vaoä hksha- as hôsounas
hôsounas pa`kh geolnhkitk pkjå-nas k
Es litkiêûks pasltlves k onerkze
onerkze sïa lhparteitks pere aftkr rksunte`as
rksunte`as prkolsas. Iïa sk
kivanve `khels, kioaitre-sk ie `konereêïa quk eoefe `k skr `lte heitkime as autras
pkisehkitas gare `k sue hkitk. Li`lquk e pkssae quk vaoä kstå rkenlzei`a a tkstk quk quk geêe a
hksha.
Rkrhlte quk sku oareêïa sk kiome `k ehar pkne pkssae quk vaoä kstå tkitei`a edu`er.
Pkime a `kskda sliokra `k edu`å-ne . Eork`ltk quk pa`k gezkr lssa ì ejre`kêe e @kus par kster
gezki`a. Lssa ì tu`a.
Iïa `ä @lejiÿstloas e Hkias quk _kde Hì`loa.
_k vaoä ì hì`loa, `lejiastloer pkssaes ì a quk vaoä gez. Hes sk iïa ì hì`loa , iuioe
`lejiastlquk ilijuìh, då quk ì oaisl`kre`a pråtloe `k hk`lolie skh nlokiêe k ì lnkjen. Kstkde
olkitk `a quk es pkssaes kstïa nmk `lzki`a k sk kstïa tki`a slitahes quk nmk
n mk perkokh
oahpnktehkitk lioahuis rkoahki`k
rkoahki`k quk praourkh esslstäiole
esslstäiole hì`loe e`kque`e.
Iïa sk prkaoupk oah es pkssaes quk iïa eork`lteh
Ikh ta`es es pkssaes kstïa efkrtes e eprki`krkh iavas hìta`as `k oure oaha A Oÿ`lja
`es Khaêûks. Ra`k skr quk enjuis hkhfras `e sue gehènle pkiskh quk kstå nauoa a au
u quk sku
oeomarra tk efei`aik. Iïa `klxk quk kstes
kstes oalses a lioaha`kh. A helar oure`ar `e mlstÿrle
gal Dksus, k hulta pauoas eork`lteveh iknk, kitïa vaoä kstå kh fae oahpeimle.
E qukh au quk kstehas pkrjuitei`a quei`a rkenlzehas a tkstk1
Kstehas genei`a oah a sufoaisolkitk. Eork`lta quk iïa må `lgkrkiêe kitrk knk k a kspèrlta
au litknljäiole supkrlar kh iÿs. @k enjuhe garhe kstå pertk ``kk ias kstå vlioune`e â
litknljäiole `k @kus k `a [ilvkrsa, k `k enjuhe garhe
garhe a tkstk husouner litkrvìh ils
ilssa.
sa.
A Wìu `e Hkhÿrle
Uuei`a trefenme safrk enjuìh, kstå rkenhkitk trefenmei`a kh uh skr oah uhe `upne quk
tkh uh oarpa gèsloa k uh kspèrlta. Eork`lta quk quei`a vlkhas e kstk hui`a tkhas uh vìu
oanaoe`a safrk iasses hkitks kitïa iïa tkhas hkhÿrle `k iasse kxlstäiole eitkrlar.
Omkjehas oah uhe ehiìsle taten.
Rkrhlte-hk oahpertlnmer oah vaoä uhe kxpkrläiole pkssaen safrk kstk oaioklta.
[h `le kiqueita hk skiteve kh slnkiola pere hk`lter, tlvk uhe pragui`e vlsïa
ksplrltuen.

:0
 A vìu `e hkhÿrle, quk ias `lvl`k `k iasse kxlstäiole eitks `k vlrhas equl pere kste
tkrre `k rkpkitk sk qukfrau. Oe`e pertèoune `k hku skr gal lhk`letehkitk prkkioml`e oah uh
lhkisa k li`ksorltèvkn skitlhkita `k seu`e`k. @kskdei`a rkjrksser e hlime oese oknkstlen,
o knkstlen,
hku vkr`e`klra ner, equknk `k qukh ku
k u vlh. Ksse skiseêïa liorlvknhkitk litkise `urau
epkies enjuis skjui`as k `kpals `kseperkoku, `klxei`a-hk kh omaquk.
Ia oursa `as eias `k hlime vl`e kxpkrlhkitkl kssk skitlhkita quk omehehas `k
seu`e`k kh vårles aoeslûks3 hes e iastenjle quk kxpkrlhkitkl ikste rkvkneêïa ksplrltuen

ksteve hulta
Jreêesenìh `k kxpkrläiole
e kste quenqukr oalse
oalhk
se quk lionuslvk
`kl oaite passe
`k quk `ksorkvkr.
a vìu `a ksqukolhkita ì uhe oalse
fae. _k iïa a tlvìsskhas pere ias lhpk`lr `es nkhfreiêes `k iassa jnarlasa pesse`a, quei`a
vlvèehas oah iassa Rel Oknkstlen, kstau oaivkiol`a
oa ivkiol`a `k quk iïa skrlehas oepezks `k suparter
ksse vl`e tkrrkie par olioa hliutas.
Etrevìs `ksse kxpkrläiole, hk `kl oaite `k quk rkenhkitk sahas kstreimas
kstreimas equl3 quk
„kh iuvkis `k jnarle vlkhas `k @kus, quk ì iassa
ia ssa ner‘.
E tkrre iïa ì iassa ner rkenhkitk3 sahas rksl`kitks equl, kivle`as equl pere knkjkr
kitrk a fkh k a hen3 kivle`as equl pere e`qulrlr gì k pere jeimer e kxpkrläiole `k vlvkrhas
kh iassas oarpas gèsloas. _ahas kivle`as equl pere eprki`kr e eher k skrvlrhas uis eas
autras. Ea gezkr lssa, skrvlhas
skrvlhas e @kus.
Kh okrta ièvkn, sku kspèrlta kste kh oaiteta oah oalses quk kstïa enìh `e
oahprkkisïa `k sue hkitk oaisolkitk. Hes sku kspèrlta pa`k gener oah vaoä etrevìs `k sku
oarpa gèsloa. A tkstk husouner ì a oeien quk pkrhltk eoksser kssk oaimkolhkita.

gui`a `kEork`lta quk skhprk

iasse hkitks hels kxlstlhas k quk kssk
`a quk pa`khas oaimkolhkita
oaimkokr oais hels pragui`a rksl`k ia
oaisolkitkhkitk.
olkitkhkitk.
Iïa ì geitåstloa quk tu`a a quk tkhas quk gezkr ì pkrjuiter1

„ E GÌ Ì OVKV IA U[K IÏA WKHA_3 K E VKOAHRKI_E @K_PE GÌ Ì WKV A U[K

EOVK@LPEHA__‘
EOVK@LPEHA
- _ÏA EJA_PLIMA

7
NLFKVEI@A KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_

Ejare quk tkvk e apartuil`e`k `k eprki`kr k pretloer a tkstk husouner ì

tkhpa `k eprki`kre pertk `a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks quk nl`e oah kioaitrer k nlfkrer
khaêûks eprlslaie`es, teita `k sl hksha oaha `k autras.
Lrå iater quk kstk praokssa ì slhpnks k nÿjloa. [he vkz quk pessk par knk
enjuhes vkzks skrå hels kglolkitk. Oah e pretloe uhe pkssae pa`k kioaitrer k nlfkrer
uhe khaêïa kh hkias uh au `als hliutas.

:;
 Kh prlhklra nujer, vaoä (k sku peroklra,oesa skde pkrtlikitk) kstkdeh
oaigartåvkls kh sku ehflkitk. Ì hknmar `ksnljer e tknkvlsïa k husloe då quk knes
pa`kh tk `lstrelr k tkr kgkltas kikrjìtloas ikjetlvas au pasltlvas.
pas ltlvas.
A praokssa `a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks pa`k skr vlsuenlze`a utlnlzei`a a skjulitk
jrågloa4
Aftkr Rkrhlssïa `a Li`lvl`ua

Kstefknkokr uh paita `k Vkgkrkiole pere rkenlzer a Pkstk

@ktkrhlier sk kxlstk
kxlstk uhe Khaêïa
Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e

@ktkrhlier quen ì e Khaêïa

Khaêïa

Nlfkrer e Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e

Wkrlgloer sk e Khaêïa gal Nlfkre`e

Ressa 54 Aftkr Rkrhlssïa

_k kste trefenmei`a kh sl hksha då tkh pkrhlssïa3 kitïa vå pere a pessa
skjulitk.

_k vel trefenmer oah autre pkssae, esskjurk-sk `k aftkr pkrhlssïa pere

rkenhkitk rkenlzer a tkstk kaftkr ligarheêïa `a oarpa. Ra`krle pkrjuiter4 „ Hk `å
pkrhlssïa pere rkenlzer kh vaoä atkstk `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es1‘ Iïa aftkime ksse
rkspaste hk`leitk a tkstk husouner. @klxk quk sku peroklra `k uh oaiokitlhkita
vkrfen au eglrhei`a oah e oefkêe.
[he vkz quk ehfas sk sliteh oaigartevkls k rknexe`as pa`k oahkêer.
Ressa 64 Kstkfknkokr uh paita `k Rertl`e
Eitks `k oahkêer e pkrjuiter safrk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es, sue prlhklre
terkge ì kstefknkokr uh paita `k pertl`e pere e rkenlzeêïa `a tkstk. Ksoanme uh
hkta`a `k tkstk husouner quk skde hels oaha`a må vaoä. Ikoksslte `ktkrhlier
`ktkrhlier sk sku
peroklra ì vlevkn pere kssk hkt
hkta`a
a`a au iïa. _k knk tk `å uhe eglrh
eglrheêïa
eêïa oaijrukitk k
vkr`e`klre, ì rkslstkitk1 _k `lz uhe eglrheêïa lioaijrukitk au gense, ì `kfln1
Pehfìh, oaha oe`e pkssae ì uiloe, a tkstk husouner pa`k rksunter uh pauoa
`lgkrkitk `k eoar`a oah e pkssae kh quk rkenlzk a tkstk. E aftkiêïa `k uhe rkspaste
rkslstkitk au `kfln `a sku peroklra pkrhltlrå quk vaoä selfe
s elfe lhk`letehkitk oaha ì a
tkstk husouner `kste pkssae kh pertlouner teita kh kste`as rkslstkitks oaha `kfkls.
Penvkz a hkta`a hels ÿfvla k ehpnehkitk use`a pere kstefknkokr uh paita
`k pertl`e, skde slhpnkshkitk gezkr oah quk sku peroklra `lje enta k onera a praprla
iahk4 „Hku iahk ì QQQQQQQQQQQ‘.
[he vkz kh quk e rkspaste skde eglrheêïa oaijrukitk k vkr`e`klre a rksunte`a
`a tkstk skrle rkslstkiole
rkslstkiole..
Ejare arlkitk e sku peroklra quk `lje enta k onera uhe gense eglrheêïa4 „ Hku
iahk ìQQQQQQQQQQQ‘, oahpnktei`a
oahpnktei`a a kspeêa oah uh iahk quenqukr. A rksunte`a
`kvkrle skr `kflnl`e`k husouner.
Oah okrtkze, gezkr oah quk sku peroklra `lje es penevres slh au iïa, ehar au
a`la, tehfìh lrå guiolaier pere kstefknkokr a paita `k pertl`e.
_k sku peroklra iïa kstå kh oai`lêûks `k skr kxehlie`a

:7
 Nkhfrk-sk quk kste pertk ì e rezïa pere kstefknko
kstefknkokr
kr uh paita `k pertl`e, pere
`ktkrhlier sk e pkssae oah quk kstå trefenmei`a kste epte pere a tkstk. _k sku freêa
pkrheikok rkslstkitk au `kfln, iïa lhparte quen eglrheêïa `lje, iïa ì vlevkn ikstk
hahkita. Ikssk oesa, tkh okrtes apêûks.
_k sku peroklra kstlvkr `ksl`rete`a, lssa lrå tarier a tkstk hels `lgloln, tenvkz
lhpasslvkn.
E `ksl`reteêïa nkvk ì fkh oahuh k pa`k rkhk`ler geolnhkitk. @k e knk uh
oapa `k ejue,k tahk uh oapa vaoä tehfìh k tkitk iavehkitk. _k lssa iïa edu`er,
pravevknhkitk sku peroklra tkh uhe vkrtkfre `ksenlime`e ia pksoaêa. Ra`k utlnlzer
uh sufstltuta pere rkenlzer
rkenlzer a tkstk au rkenlze-na kh sl hksha,
hksha, etì quk knk vå e uh
qulrlaprete k geêe a edustk.
Enjuhes pkssaes iïa sïa oei`l`etes pere a tkstk, parquk tkh enjuhe
`kglolkiole au nlhlteêïa glsloe k a tkstk oah uh sufstltuta ì e hknmar apêïa pere
edu`e-na.
Rere ligarheêûks hels `ktenme`es safrk a tkstk oah sufstltuta, vkde a oepltuna
=.
Ressa ?4 Omkquk sk kxlstk uhe Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e
Geêe oah quk e pkssae kh quk kstkde rkenlzei`a a tkstk `lje e skjulitk
eglrheêïa4 „Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk pa`k skr nlfkre`e ejare1‘.

Vkenlzk
uhe tefkne `asahkta`as
tkstk
hk pere
ta`as k aftkr e rkspaste
rksunte`as hk`leitk
passlvk
passlvkls.
ls. ea hkta`a ksoanml`a. Equl tkh
Pkstk _lh Iïa
Pa`as as Pkstks Husounerks Vkslstäiole/Garêe @kflnl`e`k
Pkstk `k Kqulnèfrla Havlhkita Rere Grkitk Havlhkita Rere trås
_k e rkspaste `a oarpa ì Iïa, må träs passlflnl`e`ks `lgkrkitk
`lgkrkitks4
s4

5 E prlhklre passlflnl`e`k ì quk a sudklta iïa tkime ikimuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.

Lssa ì pauoa pravevkn då quk quksk ta`as es tkhas.

6 E skjui`e passlflnl`e`k pa`k skr quk a sudklta tkime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e,
hes quk par enjuhe rezïa sue hkitk sufoaisolkitk iïa qukr nlfkre-ne ia
hahkita. Ksse gal e eglrheêïa4 „tkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk pa`k skr nlfkre`e
ejare‘ a sudklta pa`k kster
kster `lspasta,hes tenvks sku sufoaisolkitk iïa kstå. Ksse
sltueêïa pa`k hu`er k e rkspaste pa`k skr `lgkrkitk hels må grkitk.

? E tkroklre passlflnl`e`k ì quk a sudklta tkime uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa. _k kstk gar
a oesa, a oarpa pa`k `lzkrquk iïa tkh ikimuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quei`a kh
rkenl`e`k slh a tkh. E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa tkh a kgklta `k tarier hels `lgloln kioaitrek
khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Rere kvlter oaigusûks lrkl `k`loer a praxlha oepltuna e Rerk`k
`a Oareêïa. Hlime rkoahki`eêïa ì quk nkle ta`a kstk oepltuna ejare, lionuslvk sk e
rkspaste quk aftkvk skde iïa, då quk `k ta`es es heiklres ikoksslte sefkr a
praok`lhkita.
_k e rkspaste ì slh, pa`k oaitliuer oah a praxlha pessa.
Ressa 04 @ktkrhlier quk Khaêïa ì
_k e rkspaste ì slh, må uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e pere nlfkrer. A pessa skjulitk
ì eprki`kr hels safrk kste khaêïa. Uuk khaêïa ì1 Ì relve1 Ì pkie1 Ì grustreêïa au
`kprkssïa, au ì enjuhe autre khaêïa1 Uuei`a ksse khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e1 Uuk
kvkita må orlau1

::
 Etrevìs `k uh praokssa
praokssa `k slhpnks `k`uêïa, pa`k `ks `ksoerte-ne
oerte-ne hulta repl`a.
A „Pefkne `es Khaêûks
Khaêûks‘‘ quk kstå ie skqukio
skqukiole,le, kste `kskime`a pe
pere
re gezkr quk
sue terkge sk tarik hels geoln.
Afskrvehas ksse tefkne. Wkde quk oe`e glne oaitkh khaêûks kxpkolgloes
pra`uzl`es par uh arjïa au `als. Rar kxkhpna, e Glne 5 kiuhkre es khaêûks
pra`uzl`es pkna Oareêïa au Litkstlia @knje`a.
Oaha pa`k nkhfrer, ta`es es khaêûks kheieh `as arjïas k kssks arjïas
pra`uzkhes hkshes khaêûks ia oarpa. Pa`as as `khels arjïas kiuhkre`as ie
tefkne pra`uzkh es khaêûks kh sues rkspkotlves glnes. Rere a iassa prapaslta iïa
lhparte `k quk arjïa kheiau arljlienhkitk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, `ks`k `k quk
passehas l`kitlgloer e khaêïa k nlfkre-ne.
@kpals quk pessk par kssk praokssa verle
verless vkzks, skrå festk
festkitk
itk repl`a k
slhpnks. Lrå sk surprkki`kr ea vkr a quïa repl`a pa`k `ksoafrlr par sl hksha
kxetehkitk quk khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste fusoei`a. Nkhfrk-sk quk a sufoaisolkitk
skhprk sefk quen ì e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. A tkstk quk kste gezki`a ì slhpnkshkitk
pere `ktkrhlier a quk a sufsoaisolkitk då sefk.
PEFKNE @K KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_
©622:
Zknnikss Oanuie E Oanuie F
[ihesck`, Lio.
Efei`aia Ksgarêa iïa Vkoaimkol`a
Glne 5 au
Oareêïa Kijeia Rkie
@ksehpera Liskjureiêe
Litkstlia
Rkr`e Enkjrle kh Kxokssa
@knje`a
Ehar iïa Vkokfl`a Wunikreflnl`e`k
Eislk`e`k Greoessa
Glne 6 @kskspkra Lhpatäiole
Feêa au Iada @kskspkreiêe
Kstaheja Ikrvaslsha Gente `k Oaitrank
Rrkaoupeêïa Felxe Euta Kstlhe
Omara Oaigusïa
Glne ? @ksæilha @kspratkêïa
Runhïa au Vkdklêïa Rkie Rragui`e
Oÿnai Prlstkze Euta-nksïa
Rkser Afstlieêïa
Lre @kprkssïa
Glne 0 Eherjure Grustreêïa
Gèje`a au Ounpe Li`kolsïa
Wksèoune ß`la Ræiloa
Vksskitlhkita Pl`e oaha Okrte
Ounpe Oaignlta
Pkrrar Liskjureiêe Orletlve
Glne ;
Hk`a Pkrrar
Vlis au Fkxlje
Marrar Gente `k Epala
Oÿnkre Gente `k Rkrsaienl`e`k
Muhlnmeêïa _afkrfe
Glne 7 Olôhks Wkrjaime
Jnæi`unes au Iastenjle Omaquk
ßrjïas skxuels Nuxurle Li`ljia
@ksoaisana @ksprkza

@k geta, a sufoaisolkitk `e pkssae quk kste trefenmei`a pa`k `k enjuhe

heiklre „ vkr‘ e tefkne `es khaêûks skh tktk-ne
-ne vlsta glsloehkitk enjuhe vkz! Ì hknmar,
sk e pkssae kh quk kste trefenemei`a iïa passe vkr e tefkne `k khaêûks kiqueita
kstkde trefenmei`a ikne. @a oaitrerla, pa`krle ksoanmkr uhe khaêïa pere tarier `kfln

au rkslstkitk,
tkstk. _k qulzkrpkisei`a
hastrer equk
knkkste edu`ei`a,
e tefkne kiqueita
ia lilola sahkitk
`e skssïa, kste `lstaroki`a
tu`a fkh. a
Lionuslvk sk knk

:=
iuioe vlu e tefkne `es khaêûks, sku sufoaisolkitk a „nkrå‘ slhpnkshkitk parquk sku
sufoaisolkitk kste vlioune`a e oaisolkiole uilvkrsen. Pkitk k oahpravk.
Kioaitrei`a e Oanuie Oarrkte
Oahkêk a praokssa `k qukstlaiehkit
qukstlaiehkita a pkrjuitei`a4 „Ksse khaêïa
eprlslaie`e kste nlste`a ie glne E1‘ k naja, rkenlzk a tkstk. _k e rkspaste gar „_lh‘, vaoä
pa`k qukrkr pkrjuiter4 „Kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste oanuie F1‘ pere aftkr uh
„Iïa‘ k vkrlgloei`a
vkrlgloei`a sue prkslsïa.
_khprk ksterå praourei`a epkies uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e k sÿ pa`k kster kh
uhe `es oanuies. Rarteita, epkies uhe `ksses qukstûks pa`k passlvknhkitk okrte.
_k a oarpa `kr uhe rkspaste oaignlteitk, oaha `lzkr quk e khaêïa kste ie
oanuie E k ie
i e oanuie F, vaoä slhpnkshkitk iïa kstå aftki`a uhe fae rkspaste.
Vksplrk pragui`ehkitk, gaquk iavehkitk, kiome sku oareêïa `k ehar pkne pkssae
quk kste edu`ei`a(vaoä hksha, sk kste trefenmei`a kh sl hksha)geêe uhe areêïa
slnkiolase e @kus pere quk knk tk edu`k, eork`ltk quk pa`k aftkr e rkspaste prkolse,
ejre`kêe quk e rkspaste kstkde eè pere kioaitre-ne k tkite autre vkz. Pkime kh oaite
sk e khaêïa kxete iïa kste nlste`e ie tefkne, a sufoahsolkitk lrå knkjkr uhe khaêïa
quk kstkde hels praxlhe `e eprlslaie`e k oaha rksunte`a e tefkne `kvkrl skr tu`a a
quk ikoksslte.
Kioaitrei`a e Glne Oarrkte

[he vkz
vaoä rk`uzlu khpkne
e nlste quk hkte`k.
må `ktkrhlie`a kh quk
Ejare vehas oanuie kste
`ktkrhlier e khaêïa
quen nlime ì. eprlslaie`e,
Ra`krlehas epkies oahkêer `k olhe k pkrjuitei`a nlime par nlime, hes peere
gezä-na hels repl`ehkitk, kiuhkrkl es glnes `k uh e skls. Kitïa, kh vkz `k pk`lr oe`e
nlime pa`khas knlhlier enjuhes nlimes `k lhk`leta.
Rkrjuite4 „Kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie glne `k iuhkras lhperks1‘
lhp erks1‘ sk e
rkspaste gar „Iïa‘, kitïa sefkrå quk `kvk kster ie nlime `als, quetra au skls. _k e
rkspaste gar „slh‘, vaoä sefkrå quk e rkspaste ksterå ie nlime lhper. Kh iasse
kxpnloeêïa equl, vehas supar quk e khaêïa kstkde kh uhe nlime `k iuhkras lhperks,
au skde uh, träs au olioa. E praxlhe oalse quk tkrkhas quk `ktkrhlier ì kh quk nlime
kste e khaêïp eprlslaie`e.
Geêe ksse pkrjuite4 „ E khaêeû eprlslaie`e kste ie glne 51‘ sk e rkspaste ì
iïa, geêe e hkshe pkrjuite safrk e glne träs k safrk e olioa sk ikoksserla.
Kioaitrei`a e Khaêïa Oarrkte
[he vkz tkime li`kitlgloe`a e glne oarrkte, oaha e tehfkh li`kitlgloau e
oanuie, ejare må rk`uzl`a e nlste `k khaêûks kh olioa passlflnl`e`ks.
@ljehas quk par kxkhpna, `ktkrhliau
`ktkrhliau quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie
oanuie E glne ;. Wkdehas ksse jre`k kxpkolgloe `e tefkne.
Ounpe
Pkrrar
Glne ;
Hk`a
Vlis au Fkxlje
Marrar
Oÿnkre
[he vkz hels, a sufoaisolkitk `e pkssae khquk kste rkenlzei`a a tkstk sefk
prkolsehkitk quen `kstes khaêûks kstå fusoei`a.
Ea `ktkrhlier kxetehkitk quen ì e khaêïa eprlslaie`e etrevks `a tkstk
husouner, trås a oaimkolhkit
oaimkolhkita
a `ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e e oaisoläiole `e hkitk
oaisolkitk `a sudklta.
Kssk ì uh pessa ikoksserla k li`lspkisevkn pere e nlfkreêïa `e khaêïa. Ì
lhparteitk quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kioaitrk kxprkssïa e glh `k skr nlfkre`e.

:<
 Li`kitlgloei`a k nkvei`a-e e oaisoläiole, kstehas venl`ei`a e khaêïa k ias
praxlhei`a `e sltueêïa quk må orlau.
Kstehas `ei`a e khaêïa eeprlslie`e uhe vaz k pkrhltli`a quk sk ksoutk,
kh uh skitl`a. _k iïa gezkhas lssa, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e oaitliuerå gezki`a
skitlr-sk orlei`a uhe `ar glsloe k/au uhe `lsguiêïa
`l sguiêïa khaolaien.
Rere `ksoafrlr kxetehkitk quk khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`e, tu`a a quk ikoksslte
gezkr ì pkrjuiter.
Rar kxkhpna, ikstk oesa pa`krle oahkêer pkrjuitei`
pkrjuitei`a‘Kste
a‘Kste khaêïa
eprlslaie`e ì `k ounpe1‘ k naja, rkenlzer a tkstk husouner. E rkspaste vel skr slh au
iïa.
Gez a tkstk oah oe`e khaêïa, uhe par vkz, `kste hkshe heiklre etì quk
slite-sk oaivkiol`a `k quk kioaitrau e khaêïa oarrkte.
_k e prlhklre `e nlste tk `e uh slh oaha rkspaste, skrle litknljkitk `k sue
pertk quk oahpravk e rkspaste pkrjuitei`a e khaêïa skjulitk, e quen `kvkrle skr uh
iïa oaha rkspaste. Nkhfrk-sk, quk kste tkstei`a uhe khaêïa par vkz, iïa hels, k
sahkitk uhe par vkz `kvkrle skr pasltlve.
p asltlve.
Ì lhparteitk skr onera safrk a quk pkrjuite. _ue litkiêïa k es penevres quk
kste `lzki`a ikoksslteh kster kh slitaile. Lssa ì enja quk `kvk skr oaisolkitk pere
iïa oaigui`lr a sufoaisolkitk.

Kitrkteita,
eislk`e`k `ksgeêe
ì uhe garhe quenqukr
`k hk`a, k eeislk`e`k
eislk`e` k quk
gì a a hk`a passe
iïa tkr safrk
pa`kh kssk praokssa. E
oakxlstlr!
Oaha Rkrjuiter
Ì hknmar kique`rer es oalses kh garhe eglrhetlve au `k pkrjuite. Rere lnustrer
a quk qukra `lzkr, lhejlik quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì `k peiloa. Ikstk oesa, pa`krle
`lzkr4‘ ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì `k peiloa‘ k lrle aftkr uh slh oaha rkspaste.
_k oanaoe kh garhe `k pkrjuite k qukstlaie4 „ Ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì
peiloa1‘ lrle aftkr uh slh oaha rkspaste.
Ehfes garhes `k pkrjuiter sïa kqulvenkitk k oe`e garhe `k kxprkssïa lrå tk
`er e hkshe rkspaste `a oarpa.
_k rk`uz e nlste k `lz e penevre „peiloa‘, skh a garheta eglrhetlva au qukstïa,
pa`krle tkr uhe rkspaste oaiguse, A oarpa pa`krle feneiêer pere trås au `er uh
rksunte`a `kfln quei`a sahkitk `lz „peiloa‘, lionuslvk
lionuslvk kh uhe sltueêïa kh quk
peiloa ì e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. _k epkies `lz a iahk `e khaêïa, a sufoaisolkitk
pa`k iïa tk kitki`kr oarrktehkitk k pa`k quk slhpnkshkitk rkspai`e quk â kikrjle
ikjetlve `e penevre kh sl.
[he vkz L`kitlgloe`e e Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e
[he vkz l`kitlgloe`e e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, perefkis! Waok eprki`ku uhe
pertk lhparteitk `a Oa`lja `es Khaêûks. Ejare, gal eprkskite
eprkskite`a
`a e vaoä uh espkota
oahpnktehkitk `lstlita
`lstlita `e sue oaisolkiole, k ejare kste eprki`ki`a e eoksser e
litknljkiole `k sku praprla ksplrlta, uhe meflnl`e`k quk skrå hulta utln sk vaoä
oaitliuer `kskivanvki`a-e.
Etì ejare slhpnkshkitk pa`k nlfkrer e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, hes sk qulskssk
sefkr hels1 Eli`e quk ejare passe nlfkrer e khaêïa skh ikimuh prafnkhe, skhprk
rkoahki`a quk livkstljuk k `ksoufre quei`a aoarrku arljlienhkitk. Es vkzks lssa a
nkve må rkvkneêûks surprkki`
surprkki`kitks
kitks `a pesse`a. Nkhfrk-sk quk a sufoaisolkitk sefk
tu`a safrk a quk må `e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, lionuslvk quei`a gal eprlslaie`e ia

=2
oarpa, qukh ksteve livanuore`a, ai`k kste enade`e kxetehkitk kste kikrjle k oaha
kste egktei`a sku oarpa k hkitk.
Li`ejei`a Hels Gui`a
Es vkzks a sufoaisolkitk tkh hels ligarheêïa k qukr khpurrer etì a ilvkn
oaisolkitk. Oahprahktkr e hkit oaisolkitk ia praokssa ì utln k pa`k edu`er hulta ea
sudklta e kitki`kr e lhparteiole `e khaêïa quk kste ski`a nlfkre`e.
E heiklre hels geoln`k evkrljuersk kstk ì a oesa, ì pkrjuitei`a. Ra`k
pkrjuiter `ksse garhe4 „Må hels safrk ksse khaêïa quk
ikoksslta(ikokssltehas)sefk
ikoksslta(ikok ssltehas)sefkr1‘
r1‘ sk e rkspaste ì slh, li`ejuk hels. _k e rkspaste ì iïa,
oaitliue k nlfkrk e khaêïa.
Uuei`a gloau Eprlslaie`e1
Rkrjuiter quei`a ksse khaêïa kh pertlouner gloau eprlslaie`e ì uh fah nujer
pere oahkêer e li`ejer hels gui`a. Må hultes heiklres `k rkenlzer pkrjlites
`k`utlves pere aftkr kste ligarheêïa, k sk tkh enjuhe litulêïa e slje.
Rar kxkhpna, sk kioaitrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e trås e hkitk uh
eoaitkolhkita `ktkrhlie`a
`ktkrhlie`a `e vl`e `a sudklta, pravevknhkitk gloau eprlslaie`e par
kssk eoaitkolhkita. Rere evkrljue-na, pkrjuitk slhpnkshkitk sk a eoaitkolhkita quk
a sudklta tkh kh hkitk ì a hksha quk edu`au e orler e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. _ku
peroklra iïa tkh quk oahpertlnmer ie`e oaitlja safrk e kxpkrlkiole sk iïa qukr. _ÿ

tkh qukhusouner
a tkstk pkiser safrk a eoaitkolhkita
epas pkrjuiter sk ksskpar uh hahkita
eoaitkolhkita k ie skqukiole
edu`au vaoä rkenlze
e orler e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e.
Kstå ì uhe `es oalses hels nli`es
nl i`es `a Oa`lja `es Khaêûks. As essuitas
litlhas `es pkssaes pa`kh pkrheikokr prlve`as.
Iuioe tkh quk kxpnloer au rkneter vkrfenhkitk e olrouisteole au
eoaitkolhkita quk orlau e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Lssa pkrhltk es pkssaes trefenmerkh
safrk kssks essuitas prlve`as
prlve`as k safrk a quk pa`k patk
patkiolenhkitk
iolenhkitk skr `an
`anarasas
arasas au
khfereêasa ea gener k eli`e nlfkrer es khaêûks quk eoahpeimeh kssks
eoaitkolhkitas. Ra`kh oahpertlnmer sk qukrkh, ski`a hulta au pauoa.
_k ikimuh eoaitkolhkita
eoaitkolhkita kh pertlouner sk epraxlhe
epraxlhe `e khaêïa ie hkitk `k
sku peroklra pa`k utlnlzer a praokssa `k `k`uêïa l`kitlgloer quei`a aoarrku e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e. @ksoafrlr quei`a suok`ku edu`e e `ktkrhlier a parquk aoarrku.
@e hkshe garhe kh quk `lvl`lhas e Pefkne `es Khaêûks kh oanuies k glnes
pere geolnlter uhe fusoe hels repl`e, pa`k `lvl`lr e vl`e kh `lgkrkitks pkrla`as pere
naoenlzer oah hels geolnl`e`k a eia quk arljliau e khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Iïa kxlstk uhe heiklre oarrkte au lioarrkte `k `k `ktkrhlier
tkrhlier quei`a uhe
khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`e. _lhpnkshkitk pkrjuite k â rk`uz e uh eia a
eoaitkolhkita `ktkrhlie`a.
`ktkrhlie`a. [he garhe `k gezkr ì slhpnkshkitk `lvl`lr kh `als a
pkrla`a `k eias e vl`e `a sudklta k vkr sk e kkhaêïa
haêïa eprlslaie`e aoarrk
aoarrkuu eitks `e
hkte`k `e vl`e au `kpals. _k tkh querkite eias par kxkhpna, pa`krle pkrjuiter4
„ksse khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`e eitks `as vlitk eias `k l`e`k1‘ sk e rkspaste gar slh
pa`k rk`uzlr eli`e hels `e hkshe garhe.
Ra`krle pkrjuiter4 „ksse khaêïa gloaui eprlslaie`e ias prlhklras `kz eias `e
sue vl`e1‘.
_k e rkspaste gar eglrhetlve pa`k rk`uzlr eli`e hels pkrjuitei`a4
„ kste khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`eias prlhklras olioa eias `k sue vl`e1‘.

=5
 _k e rkspaste ì slh, pa`k oaitliuer
oaitliuer rk`uzli`a e rkspaste pkrjuitei`a sk e
khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`e ia prlhklra, ia skjui`a, ia tkroklra eia `k l`e`k k esslh
suoksslvehkitk.
@ksoafrl quk a oarpa, jkrenhkitk,
jkrenhkitk, ì prkolsa `kit
`kitra
ra `k uh eia au hels au uh
eia e hkias quei`a sk l`kitlgloe a pkrla`a `k tkhpa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e
`kste heiklre. Kh autres penevres, sk aftkh oaha rkspaste quk uhe `ktkrhlie`e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e aoarrku eas 5: eias `k l`e`k, pa`k skr quk tkime aoarrl`a kh
rkenl`e`k `as 57 eas 5= eias `k l`e`k, hes pravevknhkitk aoarrku eas 5:.
Ia hahkita kh quk uhe khaêïa gloau eprlslaie`e kstå orlei`a sue l`e`k kh
pertlouner, eperkitkhkitk
eperkitkhkitk iïa ì tïa lhparteitk. A oarpa hkiten iïa oarrkneolaie
khaêûks eprlslaie`es oah e l`e`k oraianajloe, teita oah es oarrkneolaie
oarrkneolaie`es
`es oah
kvkitas, liteioles au olrousteioles kspkolgloes.
_upaime quk uh kvkita khaolaien tkime aoarrl`a uh hks epas sue garheture
uilvkrslterle tkime rksunte`a kh uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Plime 6? eias iequknk
hahkita. A tkstk husouner pa`k pra`uzlr uhe rkspaste `k 66,6?66 ,6? au 60 eias `k l`e`k
quei`a kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e
eprlslaie`e aoarrku, a quk pa`krle kster `k`kitra
itra `a eia mefltuen,
hels au hkias. _k vaok pkrjuitessk sk ksse kaêïa eprlslaie`e eoaitkoku
eoaitkoku eitks `e
garheture au epas e garheture, vaok
vaok aftkrle uhe rkspas
rkspaste
te hels prkolse. @ksse garhe,
skrle oepez `k omkjer e uh tkhpa `k aoarrkiole oah hels prkolsïa.

Ì uhe fae
ksse khaêïa1‘. pretloevaok
Uuei`a pkrjuiter
trauxkrpkrla`loehkitk4 „ prkolsehas
ligarheêûks suglolkitk pere esefkr hels safrk
oaisolkiole safrk
e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, a oarpa hkiten pkrhltlre quk vaok selfe quk tkrhliau k quk
pa`k nlfkrer e khaêïa.
[he vkz quk `ktkrhlik kxetehki
kxetehkitk tk quei`a aoarrkue khaêïa, sku peroklra
pravevknhkitk sefkrå a kvkita quk edu`au e orle-ne k a quk kne ì. Es vkzks,
`ktkrhlier a pkrla`a `k tkhpa kh quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e aoarrku pa`k
rksunter kh uh kitki`lhkita hels pragui`a, a quk eoaitkoku k oaha kste egktei`a
sku oarpa hkiten. Equl kste a rkneta
rknetarla
rla `k uhe hunmkr quk `kskivanvku
`kskivanvku uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e `ureitk uh pkrla`a `k kstrkssk quk hels ter`k rksuntau kh kixequkoes.
Es Kixequkoes `k Ieioy
„ skhprk tlime gartks `arks ie oefkêe k ia pksoaêa, lionuslvk oahkêkl e taher
skhprk tlime
lidkêûks `k oartlzaie ie pertk `k tres`e
tres`e oefkêe k pksoaêa. Uuei`a vaok hk `lssk quk
pa`krle
quk tkr enjuhe
hk ksteve khaêï
khaêïa
genei`a. Knkaoahkêau
eprlslaie`e quk pkrjuites
e gezkr ksteve oeusei`a
ea hkulssa, ku iïa
oarpa oahatlime
enjal`kle
quk `a
tkrle
eoaitkol`a oahlja kh 5<<0. A rk`uzlu e uhe khaêïa `k `kskspkreiêe ia hks `k
deiklra `k 5<<0.
Kitïa oahkêkl e pkiser4 „ Am, hku @kus! Ksse kre e mare kh quk _mewi iesoku,
quei`a lilolkl a trefenma `k perta ies ?? skheies‘. Knk
Knk kstkvk ia masplten par 65 `
`les
les
oah uh oanepsa punhaier. @kpals quk ku glz a tretehkita hk skitl hultahulta hknmar k
ejre`kol par lssa. Uuk hlnejrk. Ku `lssk quk sefle quk tlime ta`a kssk fnaqukla ie pertk
pastkrlar `e hlime oefkêe, parquk ikssk pkrla`a quesk pkr`khas e _mewi. Hes sk vaok vaok
afskrver, sefkrå quk rkenhkitk knk ì hku hlnejrk‘.
-Ieioy R.
@k qukh kre ksse Khaêïa1

Es vkzks, edu`e e kitki`kr qukh ksteve kivanvl`a ie orleêïa `k uhe khaêïa

eprlslaie`e. Rar kxkhpna, supaime quk vaok etrlfulu jrei`k lhparteiole eas treêas
`k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk aoarrku `ureitk as eias `a kislia hk`la. E khaêïa

=6
ì `k eherjure. Hes vaok iïa oaiskjuk nkhfrer `k ie`e quk passe tkr orle`a ksse
khaêïa. Waok pa`krle pkrjuiter4 „ gal e hlime eherjure1‘. _k e rkspaste gar slh, vaok
pa`k pkrjuiter sk e eherjure kre pere uhe pkssae. _k gassk, vaok pa`k pkrjuiter4 „
gal uh mahkh1‘, „ gal uhe hunmkr1‘, „ gal uh ehlja1‘, „ gal uh gehlnler1‘, „ gal sku
lrhïa1‘, „ gal Dak1‘. [tlnlze kssk praokssa pere rk`uzlr es passlflnl`e`ks. _k gal sue
praprle eherjure, hes iïa pere autre pkssae,
p kssae, pa`k pkrjuiter sk e eherjure gal safrk
autre sltueêïa. Naja, pa`k rk`uzlr a enoeiok `es pkrjuites pere evkrljuer quk sltueêïa
kre, quei`a aoarrku, kto.
Es khaêûks rerehkitk
rerehkitk aoarrkh `k heiklre kxlnme`e. Kh Kh jkren, kivanvkh
autres pkssaes3 hes pa`kh skr safrk uhe sltueêïa rkneolaie`e oah a ner, e ksoane, a
trefenma, es glieêes, as rkneolaiehkitas, kto.
_k rkenlze a tkstk pere vkr sk gal sue eherjure k e rkspaste ì iïa, kitïa
pkrjuite sk vaok e`qulrlu e eherjure `k autre pkssae.
Es vkzks e`atehas as skitlhkitas `k autres pkssaes k ksse kikrjle pa`k sk
oaivkrtkr kh uhe oerje kxtre ia iassa oarpa. [he hïk pa`k kster skitli`a
eherjure k sku glnma pa`krle efsarvkr pertk `ksse kikrjle3 au uh ehlja pa`krle kste
pessei`a par uh hahkita `lgloln k sue khpetle pkne sue sltueêïa pa`krle orler kh
vaok uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
_k `klxer sue hkitk kh slnkiola par uh au `als hahkitas k sk kspkolenhkitk

pk`k
`e`a!!edu`e
`e`a e @kus
Rraourel pere `ksoafrlr,
k kioaitrerkls! Fetkla gerå. Oaiglk
k e parte vaskh hlh.
skrå Nkhfrk-
Nkhfrk-sk4
efkrte‘. sk4 „ pk`lr k vas skrå
Ai`k kste Enade`e e Khaêïa1
Autre oalse geolieitk pere `ktkrhlier ì ai`k kxetehkitk kste enade`e e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Vkoar`k quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e skhprk tkre uhe naoenlzeêïa
glsloe ia oarpa. @ksoafrlr ksse naoenlzeêïa ì apolaien, hels naoenlze-ne pa`k skr
`lvkrtl`a k tehfkh hulta ksonerkok`ar.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh sk eprkskiter kh quenqukr nujer `a oarpa,
li`kpki`kitkhkitk `a arjïa kh quk sk arljlierïa.
Nkhfrk-sk quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì uhe fane `k kikrjle, jkrenhkitk
verlei`a `k teheima `ks`k uhe nereide e uh hknïa. Rere `ktkrhlier e naoenlzeêïa
kxete `ksse fane `k kikkikrjle
rjle utlnlze-sk a praokssa `k `k`
`k`uêïa.
uêïa.
Rkrjuitk4 „ ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste kirasoe`e ia ne`a `lrklta `a
oarpa1‘,
oarpa 1‘, sk iïa, pkrjuitk4 „ ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste kirasoe`e ia ne`a
ksqukr`a `a oarpa1‘. Oe`e vkz quk pkrjuiter rkenlzk a tkstk husouner ksoanl`a pere
`ktkrhlier e rkspaste `a oarpa.
_k ehefes rkspastes sïa ikjetlves, pkrjuitk4
pkrjuitk4 „ kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste
kirasoe`e ie nlime hk`le `a oarpa1‘.
Ie skqukiole, pkrjuitk sk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kh olhe, kh felxa au ie
nlime `e oliture. Kh pauoa tkhpa tkrå l`kitlgloe`a uhe erke jkren ai`k kste enade`e e
kikrjle khaolaien.
Ra`k aftkr rkspastes hels kspkolgloes slhpnkshk
slhpnkshkitk
itk oaitliuei`a e pkrjuiter
ea oarpa. Ì geoln k sk tarie eli`e hels geoln oah e pretloe.
Iïa iljnkijkiolk sue praprle meflnl`e`k `k `lokrilr ai`k e khaêïa eprlslaie`e
kste prkse. _k vaok epkies auvlr sue litulêïa par uh hahkita safrk e naoenlzeêïa `e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e, uhe lhprkssïa
lhprkssïa pa`k vlr e sue hkitk
hkitk.. Wkrlglquk e nao
naoenlzeêïa
enlzeêïa kh
prlhklra nujer k lrå sk surprkki`kr oah e grkqukiole quk ì oarrkte, a quk koaiahlzerå
tkhpa k ksgarêa.

=?
 @kpals `k tkr naoenlze`a e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, pkisk kh quenqukr slitahe quk
passe kster prkskitk iksse pertk `a oarpa. _k auvkr uhe `ar ie erke `k uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, pa`k `kseperkokr au sk `lslper `k rkpkitk kiqueita e khaêïa ì
nlfkre`e.
Vkoar`ei`a es Khaêûks Eprlslaie`es
Es vkzks iïa tkrå l`kle eli`e, `k quen gal a eoaitkolhkita quk pravaoau e
orleêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Oah grkqukiole es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh
skr orle`es par olrousteioles quk sk ksqukok oah geolnl`e`k.
@ljehas, par kxkhpna, quk uh `le tu`a perkok `er krre`a. Penvks tkime l`a
deiter eitks `k vkr uh smaw k a skrvlêa gal hul
hulta
ta rulh. Waok se
sefle
fle quk lrle sk etreser
pere a smaw k gloerle ometke`a. Uuei`a e oaite glienhkitk omkje, sku oertïa `k
ork`lta gal kxok`l`a k vaok ksoanmk skitlr-sk lrrlte`a k muhlnme`a, au ehfas. Ra`khas
ias skitlr festeitk ometke`as quei`a es oalses iïa aoarrkh fkh. Es khaêûks
litkises quk pa`kh skitlr kh uhe aoeslïa oaha ksse pa`k ias `klxer oah uhe au
hels khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
eprlslaie`es. Ia kiteita, uh eia `k `kpals
pals vaok pa`k eomer `lgloln
nkhfrer `ksse sltueêïa, kspkolenhkitk sk vaok ksoanmku iïa pkiser hulta safrk ksse
kspkrlkiole rulh. _k uh per `k eias sk pessereh, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e ksterå nå, hels nkhfrer e sltueêïa oaisolkitkhkitk ejare pa`k sk tarier
enja hulta `lgloln.

ieturkzeEstreisltarle
vkzks, es khaêûks
khaêû ks eprlslaie`es
k a kvkita sïa orle`es
kh sl ì pkr`l`apere `ureitk
skhprk khuhsuekvkita quk kre `k
hkharle
oaisolkitk.
Hksha quk vaok iïa sk nkhfrk lhk`letehkitk `a quk gal uhe khaêïa kh
pertlouner, ie hlime kxpkrlkiole, epraxlhe`ehkitk
epraxlhe`ehkitk ;2% `es vkzks vaok sk nkhfrerå
`lssa `kitra `k enjuis `les. Iarhenhkitk, ia `le skjulitk au `ureitk e ialtk, vaok
kstere gezki`a enja iïa rkneolaie`a ea kvkita, quei`a a hksha lrå rkgrksoer sue
hkitk. Lrå nkhfrer `a quk eoaitkoku parquk sku sufoaiolkitk ksteve praourei`a,
trefenmei`a e ta`a jås tretei`a `k rksanvkr k trezk-na e nuz ie sue hkharle.
Iïa må nlhltkia iuhkra `k vkzks quk pa`k pkrjuiter4 ” ikoksslta `k hels
enjuhe ligarheêïa safrk kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e1‘. [he vkz vkz quk aftkime uh iïa
oaha rkspaste, då sefk tu`a a quk ikoksslte sefkr safrk kne k då pa`k nlfkre-ne.
_k nkhfre rkenhkitk a quk aoarrku au iïa, a quk orlau sue khaêïa
eprlslaie`e iïa ì gui`ehkiten pere e nlfkreêïa `e kikrjle khaolaien. Ra`krle skr
litkrksseitk `ksoafrl-na
`ksoafrl-na k lionuslvk pa`krle omk
omkjer
jer e tkr uhe l`kle ea gez
gezk-na,
k-na, hes
l`kitlgloer quk khaêïa kste eprlslaie`e k trezk-ne pere e hkitk oaisolkitk ì tu`a a
quk ikoksslte pere nlfkre-ne. A praxlha pessa ì tk kislier kxetehkitk oaha nlfkre-ne.
Nlfkrer uhe Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e kh _l Hksha
Rere nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e kh sl hksha, oanaquk a lhï kitrk sue
safreioknmes safrk e pknk. Kiqueita vaok oaitliue e rksplrer(iïa oaitkr e rksplreêïa).
Geêe-a raner au `ksnlzer a lhï `a okitra `es safreioknmes pessei`a par olhe `e oefkêe
etì e pertk pastkrlar `a sku pksoaêa, etì ai`k passe omkjer oaha`ehkitk, par trks
vkzks.(
vkzks .( lhejkh `k uh hkilia heroe`a a hkrl`leia javkrieitk graiten).
Ra`k pesser a lhï par olhe `k quenqukr pertk `a hkrl`leia javkrieitk oah oah e
litkiêïa
litk iêïa `k nlfkrer e kikrjle eprlslaie`e quk kste kh sku oarpa. _k tlvkr „hulta
oefkna‘ k iïa pa`k pesser par olhe `knk skh sk `kspkitker-sk
`kspkitker-sk ta`a, slhpnkshkitk
utlnlze sku lhï safrk sue tkste tïa `lsteitk queita passe. Ì slhpnks esslh. _ÿ nkhfrk-

=0
sk `k gezk-na par trks vkzks k heitkr e oaiokitreêïa kh sue litkiêïa `k nlfkrer e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Nlfkrer uhe Khaêïa Eprlslaie`e kh autre Rkssae
Rere nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e kh autre pkssae, oanaoe a lhï safrk sues
oastes ie fesk `a pksoaêa, li`loe e sku peroklra quk lienk k kxenk kiqueita `ksnlze a
lhï `ks`k e fesk `a pksoaêa etì a oaoolx, slhpnks esslh par trks vkzks. Oe`e vkz quk
pksoaêa.(
enoeiok a glien `e oanuie, nkveite a lhï oanaoei`a iavehkitk ie fesk `a pksoaêa.(
lhejkh `a hkilia `k oastes oah a treêa `a hkrl`leia javkrieitk).
Oe`e pesse`e `k lhï treisgkrk kikrjle hejiktloe pera a Hkrl`leia
Javkrieitk. Kstå kikrjle hejiktloe hejiktlze k nkve sue litkiêïa e ta`as as `khels
hkrl`leias, kiomki`a sku oarpa oah ksse litkiêïa k pkisehkita. A rksunte`a ì quk
`kitra `es trks pesse`es , sk nlfkre e khaêïa eprlslaie`e pere skhprk. Ì slhpnks
esslh.
Oaiglrher e Nlfkreêïa
Rere oaiglrher quk e khaêïa galg al nlfkre`e, feste pkrjuiter4 „ ksse khaêïa gal
nlfkre`e1‘. E rkspaste `kvkrle skr slh. _k slh,vaok tkrhliau oah ksse khaêïa
eprlslaie`e k ejare pa`k omkoer sk må autre khaêïa eprlslaie`e pere nlfkrer sk esslh
`kskder.
_k a tkstk hastre quk e khaêïa iïa gal nlfkre`e, slhpnkhkshkitk pessk a lhï

iavehkitk
ehar ia skupar trks vkzks
oareêïa safrkoaha
qukheitkrlarhkitk, hes `kste
kstlvkr trefenmei`a, skde vkz
kh oah uh pauoa
sl hksha au iahels
sku `k
peroklra, eork`ltk quk pa`k nlfkrer ksse khaêïa k pkrhlte skitlr jretl`ïa par @kus
par e hkshe kster ski`a nlfkre`e.
Nkhfrk-sk quk ta`es es oalse sïa oaiskjul`es par hkla `e gì k `e orkiêe, k sk
tlvkr uh pauoa `k gì, lrå suok`kr oalses jrei`lases.
Nkhfrk-sk `es penevres `k Dksus4
„... kh vkr`e`k vas `lja quk, sk tlvkr`ks gì oaha uh jrïa `k haster`e, `lrkls e
kstk haitk4 Resse `equl pere eoanå, k må `k pesser3 k ie`e vas skrå lhpasslvkn‘.
(Hetmkus 5:462)
Ì Rkrheikitk
[h `as espkotas hels nli`as `a Oa`lja `es Khaêûks ì quk es khaêûks
eprlaslaie`es, uhe vkz nlfkre`es, sk vïa pere skhprk. Kh ta`as as eias kh tkhas
trefenme`a ie pretloe oah peolkitks k ias skhlierlas, iuioe vlhas quk uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e nlfkrk`e tkime vante`a.
Rar autra ne`a, ì passlvkn, ì passlvkn quk pkssaes tkimeh hels `k uhe
liol`kiole `k uhe khaêïa pertlouner enade`e kh sku oarpa. Ikstk oesa pa`krle nlfkrer
e hkshe khaêïa `a sudklta hultes vkzks, hes oe`e khaêïa skrå uhe kikrjle
eprlslaie`e skpere`e k `lgkrkitk, jkrenhkitk oaha rksunte`a `k eoaitkolhkit
eoaitkolhkitas
as
khaolaiels `lgkrkitk `a sku pesse`a. Pehfkh ì passlvkn quk uhe pkssae tkime verles
khaêûks `lgkrkitks quk gloereh eprlslaie`es pkna hksha kvkita.
Preter Essuitas Kxpkolgloas
_k kstå nutei`a oah uh prafnkhe kxpkolgloa kh sue vl`e, ì lhparteitk
`ktkrhlier sk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es iïa kstïa ski`a uh daje`ar livlslvkn.
Ra`krle suspklter quk tkh uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, hel iïa eperkok quei`a
garhune uhe pkrjuite jkren4 „ tkima uhe khaêïa eprlslai`e quk passa nlfkrer
ejare1‘. Es vkzks ì kioksserla efar`er es khaêûks eprlslaie`es `lrktehkitk
`lrktehkitk pere quk
sk rkvknkh.
 =;

_kjuk equl uhe skqukiole `k kxkhpnas `k prafnkhes oahuis, duita oah e

hklre `k pkrjuietr. Ksse nlste pa`krle skjulr k skjulr, hes lssa lrå tk `er uhe l`kle `k
oaha pa`k pkrjuiter safrk sku kxpkolgloas prafnkhes.
„ Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk hk lhpk`k pkr`kr pksa1‘.
„ Kxlstk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kståoeusei`a ligneheêûks kh hlimes
oknunes1‘‘.
oknunes1
„ Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstkde lhpasslflnltei`a quk ku pra`uze
hels `limklra1‘.
„ Kxlstk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstede hk lhpk`li`a `k vki`kr hels
eperetas1‘.
„ Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstå oaitrlfuli`a oah hlime `ar ( `es
oastes,, pksoaêa, ahfra, daknma, kto...)1‘.
oastes
„ Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kste hk oeusei`a a skitlhkita
(`kprkssïa, lrrlteêïa, relve, kto...)1‘.
„ Pkima uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e safrk hku (her (herl`a,
l`a, kspase, glnma, glnme,
omkgk, kto...)1‘.
„ Må enjuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstkde litkrgkrli`a ia enoeiok `k hlimes
hktes1‘.
„ Må enjuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kstkde `lglountei`a `klxer `k (fkfkr,

guher, utlnlzer
„ Pkima`rajes, pariajregles,
uhe khaêïa kto...)1‘.
eprlslaie`e safrk (iahklk uh kvkita kspkolgloa)1‘.
kspkolgloa)1‘.
_k e rkspaste `k uhe pkrjuite `lrkte oaha kste ì eglrhetlve, e hkitk
sufoaisolkitk li`kitlgloau e khaêïa, naja, `kvkrle oaitliuer pkrjuitei`a kh quk
oanuie kstå ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e, skjuli`a a praokssa oaha då ksfaêehas
eitkrlarhkitk ikstk oepltuna, oaha hastre ie tefkne `e pejlie QQQQQQQQQ
Nkhfrk-sk quk pa`k mevkr hels `k uhe khaêïa oaitrlfuli`a iuhe qukstïa
pertlouner. E`khels es khaêûks eprlslaie`es jkrenhkitk eperkokh kh oehe`es. _k
vaoä nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk tkime mevkr oah uh tkhe kspkoègloa madk,
autre khaêïa safrk a hksha tkhe pa`k iïa eperkokr, sÿ hels ter`k. _k vaoä kste
tkitei`a supkrer uh prafnkhe kspkoègloa, ì uhe fae l`ìle vkrlgloer iavehkitk kssk
tkhe kh fusoe `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k tkhpas kh tkhpas.
Khaêûks eilime`es
Iïa ì rera kioaitrer `lvkrses khaêûks eprlslaie
eprlslaie`es
`es enade`es duites kh uhe
årke kspkoègloe `a oarpa, uh gkiðhkia quk omehehas „Eilimehkita‘. Es vkzks lrå
kioaitrer uh ièvkn sljilgloetlva `k `ksoaigarta ia sudklta quei`a kstå aoarrki`a a
eilimehkita. Pkh verles khaêûks eprlslaie`e skh uhe årke perkok orler uh ièvkn
helar `k `lstarêïa ias tkol`as k `ar. Ì litkrksseitk iater quk, kiqueita sk
`ksoafrkh k nlfkrk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es eeilime`es
ilime`es utlnlzei`a a Oÿ`lja `es
Khaêûks, a ièvkn `k `ksoaigarta jkrenhkitk `lhliul iatevknhkitk e hk`l`e quk sk
nlfkre oe`e uhe. Rere mlstarle quk lnustreh e Eil`eêïa, vkde „A oatavkna `k täilste `k
Deoc‘ ie pejlieQQQQQ k „A `anarasa avårla `k Dkei‘ ie pejlieQQQQQQQQ..
Rraoksser e Nlfkreêïa
Kiqueita a oarpa hkiten praoksse e khaêïa quk gal nlfkre`e, as slitahes
`kstk praokssa pa`k surjlr. [he vkz quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`egal trezl`e e
oaiolkiole k nlfkre`ehejiktloehkitk oaha gal `ksorltae eitkrlarhkitk, ikstk
hahkita lilole a praokssa `k oure.
 =7

@ureitk a praokssa `k oure uhe pkssae pa`k kxpkrlhkiter koas `e khaêïa

quk gal nlfkre`e. Iïa ì rera quk es pkssaes tkimeh aolneêûks `k muhar `ureitk kstk
pkrla`a.
A oarpa jkrenhkitk kstkstee `lspasta e nlfkrer pkna hk
hkias
ias uhe khaêïa eitks `k
qukrkr tkhpa pere a praokssa. Rar autra ne`a es vkzks a oarpa nlfkre uh jrupa `k
khaêaks slhunteikehkitk.
slhunteikehkitk. Nkhfrk-sk `k oaigler ie sefk`arle `a oarpa
lhpnloltehkitk k iuioe garêk, parkh skde jkitln oah a oarpa, pkrhltli`a a tkhpa
ikoksserla pere praoksser k ourer.
_k `kpals `k nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e,
eprls laie`e, a oarpa iïa nlfkrer autre, vaok
pa`k pkrjuiter quei`a ksterå praita pere nlfkrer e praxlhe, pkrjuitei`a4 „ pa`krkl
(passa) nlfkrer autre khaêïa eprlslaie`eQQQQQQQ1‘,
eprlslaie`eQQQQQQQ1‘, „ kh 6 mares‘, „ kste ter`k‘, „
eheimï‘, k esslh suoksslvehkitk.
suoksslvehkitk. _k a praokssehkit
praokssehkita a gar ikoksserla, a tkhpa tlploa
jkrenhkitk `ure `k enjuhes mares å enjuis `les.
Kstkde Olkitk `k Rraoksser as Entas k Felxas
Ì hulta lhparteitk pkrhltlr quk e pkssae oah qukh kste trefenmei`a selfe
quk pa`krå kxpkrlhkiter enjuis entas k felxas ea praoksser e nlfkreêïa `k uhe
khaêïa eprlslaie`e. _k vaok evlse-ne eitkolpe`ehkitk safrk ksse passlflnl`e`k k lssa
rkenhkitk eoaitkokr, lssa ì kspkre`a. _k aoarrk uh praokssehkita iatevkn oaha
omara au saimas vlvl`as, k vaok iïa `lssk e kne quk pa`krle kxpkrlhkite-na, knk pa`k

eoefer A
pkisei`a quk e nlfkreêïa
praokssehkita `k sue
aoarrk oe`e vkzkhaêïa eprlslaie`e
quk uhe khaêïa ì anlfkre`e,
gkz plar,hes
iïaas
hknmar
hknmar.
entas k.
felxas aoarrkh iatevknhkitk okroe `k ?2% `as oesas. Hultes vkzks a oarpa hkiten ì
oepez `k praoksser e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k uhe sÿ vkz4 eglien `k
oaites, ì uh oahpute`ar quk gez hels `k uhe terkge `k oe`e vkz. Ia kiteita, es
vkzks nkve epkies enjuh tkhpa pere a oarpa hkiten sk ourer `k uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e k essuhlr a oaitrank `kssk iava kste`a `es oalses.
Kiqueita uhe pkssae kstå praokssei`a e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e au hels, kne iïa kstå nlhlte`e e `k ikimuh ha`a e sues etlvl`e`ks
iarhels.
Khaêûks Eprlslaie`es Rrì-ietels
Âs vkzks, `ksoufrlrå quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e iïa eoaitkoku kh ikimuhe
l`e`k, `ks`k a iesolhkita e l`e`k etuen. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es tehfkh
tehfkh aoarrkh
ia utkra. Kh ten oesa pa`k pkrjuiter4
„ Kstå khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e ia utkra1‘.
„ Kstå khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e `ureitk a prlhklra trlhkstrk1‘.
„ Kstå khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e `ureitk a skjui`a trlhkstrk1‘.
„ Kstå khaêïa gal eprlslaie`e `ureitk a tkroklra trlhkstrk1‘.
_kjui`a hlime kxpkrlkiole, es khaêûks eprlslaie`es jkrenhkitk sk
`kskivanvkh `ureitk a tkroklra trlhkstrk, k ia jkren, sïa khaêûks quk e hïk `a
sudklta ksteve kxpkrlhkitei`a.
Kh autre penevres, supahas quk uhe hunmkr kh sku skjui`a au tkroklra
trlhkstrk `k jrevl`kz kstå kxpkrlhkitei`a
kxpkrlhkitei`a uhe pragui`e khaêïa `k pkie. Pa`a sku
skr kstå vlfrei`a oah ksse kikrjle khaolaien k a fkfä kitre ie hkshe rkssaieiole
`e khaêïa. Oaha rksunte`a, a gkta pa`k oaitrelr uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k sue
hïk.
Iuioe vl uhe sltueêïa kh quk a gkta orlessk kh sl hksha uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, hes iïa lhparte sk e khaêïa gal jkre`e pkna gkta au pkna oarpa `e hïk.
 =:

Ra`k skr nlfkre`e `e hkshe heiklre kh ehfas oesas, epnloei`a a lhï trks vkzks
safrk a Hkrl`leia Javkrieitk oaha gal kislie`a eitkrlarhk
eitkrlarhkitk.
itk.
Khaêûks Eprlslaie`es Mkr`e`es
@e hkshe garhe quk vaok pa`k mkr`er e oar `as anmas au e garhe `a ierlz `k
sku pel au hïk au `k autras eitkpese`as, vaok tehfkh pa`k mkr`er khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `knks. [he khaêïa mkr`e`e eprlslaie`e ì `lgkrkitk `k uhe khaêïa prk-
ieten eprlslaie`e au quenqukr autre khaêïaeprlslaie`e.
Ia oesa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e, vaok rkenhkitk rkokfk e
kikrjle `e khaêïa ia hahkita `e oaiokpêïa `a kspkrhetazal`k au `a avuna.
Uuei`a a kspkrhetazal`k k a avuna sk duiteh, uh `knks kste oerrkjei`a uh
pessejklra kxtre ie garhe `k enjuhe kikrjle khaolaien e`lolaien. A avuna ejare
gkoui`e`a oahkêe a praokssa `k `lvlsïa k tu`a a quk kxlstk ia avuna arljlien sk
`upnloe ikssk hahkita. Kiqueita a ÿvuna gkoui`e`a sk `lvl`k, kstk kxokssa `k
kikrjle khaolaien sk `upnloe tehfkh.
Ì onera quk pa`k pkrjuiter4 „ Må uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e quk pa`k
skr nlfkre`e
nlfkre`e ejare1‘ pere `ksoafrlr e kxlstkiole `kssk tlpa `k khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Hes ie helarle `as oesas, sk kioaitrerå oah khaêûks mkr`e`es kiqueita vaok eome
quk ì uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e iarhen.
Oaha sk @ksoafrk es Khaêûks Eprlslaie`es Mkr`e`es

@k eoar`a
glne oarrkte oaheekhaêïa
ai`k kste iasse kxpkrlkiole,
mkr`e`e, hes a oarpa
iïa tkhkiten lrå tk
`erå uhe oai`uzlre
rkspaste e oanuie`kk
eglrhetlve
ikimuhe `e olioa khaêûks que eperkokh ie tefkne, e hkias quk pkrjuitk e khaêïa
usei`a e penevre mkr`e`e.
Rar kxkhpna, supahas quk må l`kitlgloe`a quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kste
tkitei`a nlfkrer kste ie oanuie F glne 6. Må tkste`a oe`e uhe `es khaêûks `ksorltes
iksse jre`k, hels e rkspaste ì iïa pere oe`e khaêïa. _k lssa suok`kr, ì sÿ pkrjuiter4
„ Ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e ì mkr`e`e1‘.
mkr`e`e1‘. _k aftkh uh slh oaha rkspaste
rkspaste,,
slhpnkshkitk rkpessk es khaêûks autre vkz pkrjuitei`a4 „ Ksse ì QQQQQ mkr`e`e1‘
oahpnktei`a a kspeêa vezla
vezla oah oe`e khaêïa quk eperkok etì q quk
uk kioaitrk e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e oarrkte.
[he vkz quk tkime l`kitlgloe`a e khaêïa mkr`e`e, pa`k qukrkr `ktkrhlier
`ktkrhlier `k
quen `as pels mkr`au, au eli`e lr hels gui`a pkrjuitei`a sk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e gal
mkr`e`e `as evÿs, flsevÿs. Kitrkteita, iarhenhkitk `ksoafrlrå quk e helarle `es
khaêûks eprlslaie`es gareh mkr`e`es `as pels au evÿs.
[he vkz tlvk uh peolkitk quk skus eitkpesse`as kreh ikjras ksorevas.
@ktkrhliehas quk tlime uhe khaêïa mkr`e`e `k `kskspkreiêe quk rkhaiteve e
verles jkreêûks. As tkstks rkvknereh quk ksse `kskspkreiêe mevle aoarrl`a
arljlienhkitk e uh `k skus eitk
eitkpesse`as
pesse`as kh 5:22, hulta pravevknhk
pravevknhkitk
itk `kvl`a e
sue ksorevl`ïa.
Nlfkrer uhe Khaêïa Mkr`e`e kh _lh Hksha
Rere nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e kh sl hksha, oanaquk sku lhï
kitrk sues safreioknmes safrk e pknk k skjuk a praok`lhkita `ksorlta pere nlfkrer e
khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e. E `lgkrkiêe ì slhpnkshkitk quk kiqueita oaitliue
rksplrei`a(iïa oaitkr e rksplreêïa)ra`k au `ksnlzk a lhï pkne sue tkste, pessei`a par
olhe `e oefkêe etì e pertk
p ertk `k tres `a sku pksoaêa etì ai`k
ai `k enoeiok oaha`ehkitk.
@KT vkzks ia nujer sahkitk trks vkzks.
Nlfkrer uhe Khaêïa Mkr`e`e kh Autra
 ==

Rere nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e mkr`e`e kh autre pkssae, oanaquk sku
lhï safrk sues oaste ie fesk `a pksoaêa. @lje e sku peroklra quk oaitliuk lienei`a k
kxenei`a kiqueita ra`k au `ksnlzk a lhï `ks`k e fesk `k sku pksoaêa etì a glh `k
sues oastes, @KT vkzks ia nujer `k trks vkzks. Oe`e vkz quk omkjuk ia glien `es oastes
nkveite a lhï k oanaoe iavehkitk ie fesk `a pksoaêa.
Khaêûks Eprlslaie`es ie Rrì Oaiokpêïa
Kh reres aoeslaks, `ksoafrl quk khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk rkenhkitk
aoarrkreh eitks `e oaiokpêïa, k iïa kstau hk rkgkrli`a e khaêûks mkr`e`es.
Eork`lta quk eitks `e oaiokpêïa iÿs kxlstlhas oaha kitl`e`ks oaisolkitks, hes
kstevehas skh oarpas glsloas. Ia nujer `knks, kxlstlehas oaha skrks ksplrltuels.
Ra`lehas pkiser par iÿs hkshas k krehas oaisolkitks `e iasse praxlhe vledkh e
Pkrre.
Kstk ì quesk tu`a `a quk sk trete es khaêûks eprlslaie`es3 iasse lhlikitk
kste`le ie Pkrre.
Rerkok quk es vkzks, tehfkh ì passlvkn quk iÿs ias enkjrkhas `k iasse
apartuil`e`k `k vlr e Pkrre, ias essustehas au ias skitlhas omaoe`as oah e vledkh e
grkitk.
@klxer uh nujer `k fknkze k ehar pere vlr equl ikste tkrre, oah ta`as skus
prafnkhes, e vlankiole k jukrres pa`k omkjer e huromer etì hksha a oareêïa hels

gartk.
tehfkh.Ksses
_kkhaêaks eprlslaie`es
nlfkreh oaha sïakhaêûks
es `khels reres, hels ku tkima vlsta,
eprlslaie`es, kvaok
oah trks pa`k vk-nes
pesse`e `k lhes,
uhe vkz quk sïa nkve`es e hkitk oaisolkitk.
Ea utlnlzer a Oa`lja `es Khaêûks pere sl edu`er k edu`er as `khels, gloerå enkjrk
`k vkr a prajrkssa quk uhe pk pkssae
ssae pa`k gezkr då quk sk `kspade
`kspade `k sues oerjes uhe e
uhe. Lrå vkr vl`es hu`er, pkssaes ourei`a-sk k oareêûks oaitkotei`a-sk.
Iïa sk `ä par vkiol`a! Nkve enjuh tkhpa `ahlier a Oa`lja `es Khaêûks.
Oaiglk kh sues praprles meflnl`e`ks `k oure. Wenk epkie a ksgarêa. Eork`ltk k ejre`kêe
e @kus par pa`kr gezkr lssa, k a rksunte`a skrå sue rkoahpkse par eork`lter.
Ia praxlha oepltuna, lrå eprki`kr oaha es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh orler
uh hura ea rk`ar `k sku oareêïa, fnaqukei`a e meflnl`e`k `k `er k rkokfkr ehar.
Rere sue oaha`l`e`k, lionulhas uh `lejrehe `k gnuxa k uh que`ra `k
khaêaks ie ganmes skjulitks, quk `kvkh tk edu`er e rkoar`er a praokssa `a Oa`lja
`es Khaêûks k gezkr sue terkge hels geoln kiqueita trefenme kh sl hksha k ias
`khels.
_k `kskdes felxer uhe oaple pere lhprlhlr es ganmes skjulitks, ì sÿ vlslter
hlime pejlie wkf kh4
KnOa`lja`kneKhaolai.oah/`lejrehe`kgnuda.mth
 =<

@LEJVEHE @K GN[]A @A OA@LJA @E_ KHAÊÛK_

Oahkêe Equl!

RKVJ[IPE4 Pkh (tkima) uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk passehas (passa)

nlfkrer ejare1

E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Oanuie E1

@ktkrhlier e
Oanuie Oarrkte
E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Oanuie F1

E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne Lhper1

@ktkrhlier e E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne Rer1

Glne Oarrkte
E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne 5, 6,

A Oÿ`lja @es
Khaêûks

Rere Khaêûks
Eprlslaie`es

E khaêïa eprlslaie`e ìQQQQ1(iahklk es khaêûks

uhe e u
uhe
he
@ktkrhlier e
_k iïa kioaitre e khaêïa eprlslaie`e pkrjuite sk ì
Khaêïa Kxete
mkr`e`e.

Rkrjuites Rkrjuite quei`a aoarrku

Apolaiels
Rkrjuite ai`k kste enade`e

@ksnlzk a Lhï par olhe `e oefkêe etì a glien `es

oastes ?x (52x sk gar khaêûks eprlslaie`es
mkr`e`es)

Rkrjuite4 „ Nlhpehas ksse Khaêïa

Eprlslaie`e1‘
_kjuk kssk `lejrehe `k gnuxa k e Pefkne `es Khaêûks efelxa pere nlfkrer es<2
khaêûks eprlslaie`es.

PEFKNE @K KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_

©622:
Zknnikss Oanuie E Oanuie F
[ihesck`, Lio.
Efei`aia Ksgarêa iïa Vkoaimkol`a
Glne 5
Kijeia Rkie
Oareêïa au
@ksehpera Liskjureiêe
Litkstlia
Rkr`e Enkjrle kh Kxokssa
@knje`a
Ehar iïa Vkokfl`a Wunikreflnl`e`k

Glne 6 Eislk`e`k
@kskspkra Greoessa
Lhpatäiole
Feêa au Iada @kskspkreiêe
Kstaheja Ikrvaslsha Gente `k Oaitrank
Rrkaoupeêïa Felxe Euta Kstlhe
Omara Oaigusïa
Glne ? @ksæilha @kspratkêïa
Runhïa au Vkdklêïa Rkie Rragui`e
Oÿnai Prlstkze Euta-nksïa
Rkser Afstlieêïa
Lre @kprkssïa
Glne 0 Eherjure Grustreêïa
Gèje`a au Ounpe Li`kolsïa
Wksèoune ß`la Ræiloa
Vksskitlhkita Pl`e oaha Okrte
Ounpe Oaignlta
Pkrrar Liskjureiêe Orletlve
Glne ;
Hk`a Pkrrar
Vlis au Fkxlje
Marrar Gente `k Epala
Oÿnkre Gente `k Rkrsaienl`e`k
Muhlnmeêïa _afkrfe
Glne 7 Olôhks Wkrjaime
Jnæi`unes au Iastenjle Omaquk
ßrjïas skxuels Nuxurle Li`ljia
@ksoaisana @ksprkza

IÏA U[KVA HK REVKOKV E ENJ[H PLRA @K PANA

IÏA U[KVA REVPLV HK[ OAVEÊÏA RAV WAOÄ
K_PA[ OAI_PV[LI@A [H H[VA
OE@E @LE K_PE GLOEI@A HEL_ ENPA
@K_PE WKT IÏA WA[ EOEFEV OAHA A[PVE WLPLHE @A EHAV
K[ WA[ PVEIOEGLEV A U[K K_PA[ _KIPLI@A RAV @KIPVA
@K [HE HEIKLVE U[K WAOÄ IÏA RA__E @KVV[FEV E RAVPE.

- „ WLPLHE @A EHAV‘
NKPVE @A JV[RA KVE_[VK

:
A_ H[VA_ EA VK@AV @K IA__A_ OAVEÊÛK_
 <5

Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pa`kh orler uh hura ea rk`ar `k iassa oareêïa, quk

pa`k lhpk`lr quk vaoä vlve sue vl`e ea håxlha. Vkokfl kste oerte `k uhe hunmkr
herevlnmase, uhe eitlje peolkitk hlime quk tlime uhe Rerk`k ea Vk`ar `a Oareêïa,
kre uhe vkz...
Wlvki`a a Oaita `k Ge`es
Ie ìpaoe kh quk a @r. Iknsai nlhpau es perk`ks `a hku oareêïa, ku tlime
epraxlhe`ehkitk ;5 eias k mevle trefenme`a pere e Khprkse Zent @lsiky `ureitk 66
eias. Kre uhe oerrklre ejlte`e k khaolaieitk, omkle `k vlejkis ea rk`ar `a hui`a k
pkssaes frlnmeitks k orletlves. Plime
Plime uhe gehènle herevlnmase k hultes ehlze`ks
ehlze`ks
prÿxlhes. Iuioe mevle kste`a oese`e.
oese`e. Iïa kre oaitre a oesehkita ikh tlime
tlime vaite`k `k
hk oeser. Iïa kre uh prafnkhe. Hlime vl`e ksteve oahpnkte.
Hels ter`k iequknk eia, `als ehljas hkus ksteveh pneikdei`a uhe vlejkh e
Omlie. Hk `lsskreh pere vleder oah knks, hes ku `lssk e knks quk ksteve hulta aoupe`e
ia trefenma. Knks heitlvkreh sue vaite`k. Kre oaha sk tlvkssk uhe hïa livlsèvkn ies
hlimes oastes hk khpurrei`a pere Omlie. Rkisei`a quk sk enjuhe vkz ku qulskssk lr
pere e Omlie ku `kvkrle lr,
lr, gul.
Wleder ie Omlie kre enja nlhlte`a iequknk hahkita, kitïa gahas kh uh
jrupa. Mevle uh oevenmklra
oevenmklra herevlnmasa ie vlejkh, uh ee`vaje`a
`vaje`a quk ksteve `lv
`lvarole`a
arole`a
må sktk eias. Wlvle kh Ikwpart Fkeom, okroe `k 02 hlnmes `e hlime oese ie oaste `e
Oenlgÿrile. Oaimkokha-ias `k uhe heiklre hulta slhpnks `ureitk iasse vlejkh pkne
Omlie. Ia vða `k vante pere oese, ias skitehas duitas k knk hk omehau pere selr
ia glien `k skheie skjulitk. _eèhas `ureitk uh eia. Knk hk prapðs oesehkita ia `le
`k Eêïa `k Jreêes k ias oesehas skls hksks `kpals. Ku tlime ;? eias.
Uuei`a vanta ia tkhpa naja `kpals `k nlhper hlimes Rerk`ks `a Oareêïa hk
`au oaite `k quk es oalses iïa kreh ljuels. Oahkokl e hk efrlr pere e l`ìle `k tkr
enjuìh ie hlime vl`e ”pere tkr k heitkr“ k par qukh hk prkaouper oaha knk sk
prkaouperle oahlja. Eoaitkoku ia ièvkn `as skitlhkitas. Kioaitrer enjuìh pere
oahpertlnmer hlime vl`e slhpnkshkitk perkole a prÿxlha pessa. Mevle uhe iave
`lspaslêïa quk ku iïa tlime skitl`a eitkrlarhkitk. @kvk tkr sl`a e knlhlieêïa `ksse
perk`k livlsèvkn -quk ku ikh skqukr sefle
sefle quk ksteve enl- quk hk pkrhltlu quk `klxessk
`klxessk
kitrer kssk mahkh kxtrear`liårla.
Kitïa pere ta`as vaoäs quk eork`lteh quk es hunmkrks iïa pa`kh oeser-sk
`kpals `k uhe „`ktkrhlie`e l`e`k‘, pkêe quk nlhpkh sue Rerk`k `a Oareêïa,
heitkime-sk efkrta es passlflnl`e`ks quk e vl`e tk agkrkok k nkhfrk-sk `e hlime mlstÿrle.
Iÿs kstehas ias epraxlhei`a `a iassa qulita eilvkrsårla rkoìh ias hu`ehas pere
iasse iave oese ie Oaste `e Oenlgÿrile oah vlste pere a her k e Lnme Oetenlie, kstehas
vlvki`a uh oaita `k ge`es.
Afrlje`e @r. Iknsai- Nyii V., Oenlgÿrile.
A Oìrkfra `a Oareêïa
_ku oareêïa jkre `k 722 e 5222 vkzks hels garêe k kikrjle knktrahejiìtloe quk
sku oìrkfra, tariei`a-a geolnhkitk a ÿrjïa hels pa`krasa kh iassa oarpa. Uuei`a
vaoä ksteve ia ôtkra, sku oareêïa sk garhau
g arhau prlhklra, eitks quk sku oìrkfra. _ku
oareêïa fetk ea okroe `k 522.222 vkzks par `le, 02 hlnmûks `k vkzks par eia, k sk sue
oaikxïa gassk oarte`e, oaitliuerle fetki`a.
_ku oareêïa ì a iôonka `e sue kxlstäiole, a iôonka `k qukh rkenhkitk ì.
[he iave pksqulse hastre quk sku oareêïa ì hulta hels quk uhe slhpnks
fahfe. Ie `ìoe`e `k 5<:2, as olkitlstes eprki`kreh quk a oareêïa tkh uh slstkhe
ikrvasa knefare`a, uhe `ksoafkrte quk nkvau e orleêïa `k uh iava reha `e hk`lolie
oaimkol`a oaha ikuraoer`lanajle. A geta ì quk ta`as iÿs tkhas `als oìrkfras. Rere e
 <6

jrei`k surprkse `as olkitlstes, knks `ksoafrlreh quk a oìrkfra `e iasse oefkêe kstå
afk`koki`a e hkisejkis kivle`es pkna „oìrkfra `a iassa oareêïa‘.
_ku oareêïa kste oaisteitkhkitk kivlei`a ligarheêïa pere a sku oarpa. Oe`e
fetlhkita nkve hkisejkis lhparteitks quk egkteh sue seô`k khaolaien k gèsloe.
Uuei`a skitk ehar par enjuìh, vaoä rkenhkitk kivlei`a uh pa`krasa slien
knktrahejiìtloa,, utlnlzei`a a oìrkfra `a oareêïa.
knktrahejiìtloa
Kxpkrlhkitas `k pksqulse hì`loe hastrereh rkpktl`ehkitk quk kxlstkh
kgkltas pasltlvas hkisuråvkls safrk a oarpa quei`a skitlhas ehar par enjuìh k
e`hlreêïa par autre pkssae. A hksha kgklta fkiìgloa aoarrk kh iassa prÿprla oarpa
quei`a vaoä kstå ia kxtrkha rkokpt ar- quei`a sk treishltk ehar k e`hlreêïa. 6<
rkokptar-
As olkitlstes `ksoafrlreh quk as sliel s knktrahejiìtloas quk lrre`leh `a sku
oareêïa sïa `ktkotåvkls ies ai`es `a oìrkfra `k autre pkssae. Kstk gkiðhkia ì hels
gartk quei`a `ues pkssaes sk taoeh au kstïa hu hulta
lta prÿxlhes, hes pa`k sskk hk`lr e
`lsteiole tehfìh.?2
@ureitk verles `ìoe`es, e oläiole hk`loe tkh e iatåvkn oepeol`e`k `k
treispneiter ÿrjïas `a oarpa `k uhe pkssae
p kssae pere autre. Hes nkhfrk `e mlstarle `a
vktkreia `e _kjui`e Jukrre Hui`len k sues oìnunes seijuèikes. _k es oìnunes
li`lvl`uels `k uhe pkssae heitìh sue oaikxïa gartk skh lhparter ai`k kstïa, pkisk
quk oaikxïa uh ÿrjïa litklra `kvk heitkr! Pa`as iÿs tkhas ksoute`a mlstÿrles safrk

rkokptarks
`ktkrhlie`a`kkspartk
treispneitk quktkh
au quk `k uh
rkpkitk oahkêeh
`kskda e sk pkne
likxpnloåvkn litkrksser
oahl`epar uh
prkgkrl`e `a sku
`ae`ar. As peolkitks `k treispneitk `k oareêïa ligarhereh kssks slitahes `ks`k a
oahkêa, hes as hì`loas iïa tlimeh oaha oahprkki`ä-na, kitïa etrlfuèreh â
lhejlieêïa `as peolkitks.
Pkitk `lzkr ea peolkitk treispneite`a
treispneite`a quk knk iuioe jastau `k „mat
„mat--`ajs‘ au
`k feskfenn, hes ejare nmk kioeite `ks`k quk rkokfku a oareêïa `k uh geiåtloa `k
Zmltk _ax. Au e hunmkr quk iïa pa`k `klxer `k omarer oe`e vkz quk ksoute
`ktkrhlie`e hôsloe, uhe hôsloe quk eitks `a treispneitk iïa sljilgloeve ie`e pere
kne.
A oareêïa tkh sue prÿprle litknljäiole. Ra`k pkiser, skitlr k nkhfrer.
Etuenhkitk kxlstk uhe oaisl`kråvkn kvl`kiole `k quk a oareêïa oaitkh
nkhfreiêes k skitlhkitas. [he jrei`k queitl`e`k `k rkokptarks `k treispneitk `k
oareêïa ligarhereh iaves prkgkräioles k `kskdas par oahl`e k fkfl`e, esslh oaha
hu`eiêes ie ksorlture, prkgkräioles husloels k nkhfreiêes quk iïa
i ïa perkokh skr
?5
prÿprlas .
E @ksoafkrte `e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa
Enjuhe vkz skitlu quk prkolseve „nkveiter uhe perk`k‘ pere sk pratkjkr kh
uhe sltueêïa ikjetlve1 Rerkok quk kste gresk tkh uh gui`ehkita ie vkr`e`k.
Omehehas e kstk gkiðhkia `k „Rerk`ks `a Oareêïa‘, k equl ì oaha gahas nkve`as e
`ksoafrl-na.

6<
Vannli HoOrety, Rm.@., k`ltk` fy R.D. Vasom ei` H._ Hercav. „Pmk Kikrjktlo Mkert4 Flaknktrahejiktlo
Oahhuiloetlai Zltmli ei` Fktwkki Rkapnk‘, Onliloen Eppnloetlais ag Flaknktrahejiktlo Hk`lolik,
(6220), ;05-;76.
?2
V. HoOrety, H. Etclisai ei` Z. Plnnkr, Pmk Vank ag Rmyslanajloen Oamkrkiok li @ktkotlai ei` Hkes-

urkhkit ag
Oaijrkss aiOer`leo
_trkss, Kikrjy K xomeijk
Kxomeijk
Haitrkux, Fktwkki
_wltzkrnei`, Rkapnk (Rraokk`lijs ag tmk Pkitm Litkrietlaien Haitrkux
5<<<)
?5
Hli`smaoc4 Preispneitlij Hkharlks. Omeiikn0.oah, Fkngest, Iartmkri Lrknei`.
mttp4//vl`ka.jaajnk.oah/vl`kapney1`aol`8665<07=<<2:5=5<6026
 <?

Kh herêa `k 5<<=, hlime kspase k ku kståvehas kh Rartnei`, ßrkjai,

esslstli`a uhe oaigkräiole safrk oure hejiìtloe ai`k ku kre uh `as are`arks
oaivl`e`as.
Iuhe heimï fkh ok`a, kne hk eoar`au pere `lzkr quk mevle tl`a uh saima
pa`krasa. Kne skitle rkenhkitk quk sku saima tlime uh sljilgloe`a pragui`a k quk
tlime enja e vkr oah sue prÿprle seô`k.
Kh sku saima, Dkei vlu uhe ra`e `k eêa liaxl`åvkn oah pk`l`as oaha equknes
quk sk kioaitre kh rksteureitks k oegktkrles. Kxpnloau quk e ra`e tlime träs pk`l`as
kijeiome`as. Kne oahprkki`ku litultlvehkitk quk oe`e pk`l`a rkprkskit
rkprkskiteve
eve uhe
qukstïa `lgkrkitk rkneolaie`e oah sue seô`k.
_ku sufoaisolkitk sefle a sljilgloe`a `kstk saima kitïa oahkokl e rkenlzer a
tkstk husouner garhunei`a pkrjuites safrk as pk`l`as duita `e ra`e. Vepl`ehkitk
`ktkrhliehas a sljilgloe`a `es prlhklres qukstûks `e sue seô`k. Uuei`a gaqukl
hlime etkiêïa ea tkroklra pk`l`a ie ra`e, eoaitkok
eoaitkokuu enja tatenhkitk likspkre`a.
@k rkpkitk tlvk uhe vlsïa eoar`e`a.
Ru`k vkr hulta onerehkitk ia anma `k` k hlime hkitk uh failta essaenma `k
he`klre heolêe entehkitk panl`e. Duita oah ksse vlsïa omkjau a kitki`lhkita `k
quk a oareêïa `k Dkei ksteve `kfelxa `kstk essaenma!
Lssa iïa tlime uh skitl`a nÿjloa, hes e lhejkh `kstk essaenma frlnmeitk k e

pkrokpêïa `k quka sku

@kol`l `ksoafrlr quk oareêïa ksteve
sljilgloeve tu`a`kfelxa
lssa, slh`knk kreh
pa`le. hulta
@lssk pkrslstkitks
e Dkei k oneres.
a quk ksteve vki`a
k nmk pkrjuitkl sk tlime enjuhe l`ìle `a quk lssa sljilgloeve.
„Fah, aitkh e ialtk iïa hk skitle hulta fkh k Neie hk oaitau quk pkrokfle
quk mevle uh tlpa `k kikrjle safrk hku oareêïa. Hk pkrjuita sk ì a quk kne ksteve
pkrokfki`a‘. Hlime ouime`e Neie ì uhe Hkstre `k Vklcl k uhe tkrepkute hulta
tenkitase k litultlve. „Vkenhkitk ku iïa skl a quk sljilgloe‘.
Gesolie`as oahkêehas e gezkr a tkstk husouner pere evkrljuer hels safrk a
essaenma `k he`klre heolêe.
„Rrlhklra, evkrljþkhas quïa jrassa ì kstk essaenma‘ genkl. „ Pkh uhe pneoe `k
kspkssure1‘
_ku freêa ksteve gartk. E rkspaste kre „_lh‘
„Pkh `ues pneoes `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘.
„Pkh träs pneoes `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘.
Oah peoläiole, gahas euhkitei`a as iôhkras- olioa pneoes, `kz pneoes, vlitk,
oliqþkite, 522,622... kh pauoa tkhpa, oahkokl e pkrjuiter e kspkssure kh pìs.
„Kstk essaenma tkh 522 pìs `k kspkssure‘ „_lh‘.
„Pkh ;22 pìs `k kspkssure‘ „_lh‘.
K oaitliuau- 5222 pìs, ?222 pìs, 0222
...‘ Pkh ;222 pìs `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘
„Kstk essaenma tkh uhe hlnme `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘
„Pkh `ues hlnmes, träs hlnmes, quetra hlnmes `k kspkssure1‘
„_lh, slh, slh‘.
„Kstk essaenma tkh olioa hlnmes `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘.
„Kstk essaenma tkh skls hlnmes `k kspkssure‘ „Iïa‘.
Lssa kre festeitk rera k iïa pa`èehas lhejlier a quk sljilgloeve. Plime okrtkze
quk tlime uh sljilgloe`a lhparteitk, kitïa oaitliukl oah a tkstk. Då sk gezle kvl`kitk
quk a essaenma `k he`klre heolêe quk pa`le vkr tïa onerehkitk kh hlime hkitk
 <0

tlime kxetehkitk olioa hlnmes `k kspkssure. Iuioe eitks tlime tl`a uhe vlsïa
eoar`e`a oaha kste3 parìh, es rkspastes quk kståvehas aftki`a kreh hulta oneres.
Präs oalses kreh okrtes. Ra`le vkr a essaenma onerehkitk kh hlime hkitk.
_efle quk `k enjuhe heiklre slhfÿnloe a oareêïa `k hlime kspase ksteve `kfelxa
`kstk essaenma. A plsa kre hulta jrassa, `k olioa hlnmes `k kspkssure pere skr kxeta.
Uuk `khðilas pa`le sljilgloer lssa1
Rkrjuitkl4 „Må uhe perk`k ea rk`ar `k sku oareêïa1‘ „_lh‘.
„Kste perk`k tkh olioa hlnmes `k kspkssure1‘ „_lh‘.
„Ì gklte `k he`klre1‘ „_lh‘.
Uuk kre kxetehkitk lssa quk kståvehas kh praokssa `k `ksoafrlr1 Kre
oaiskqþäiole `k enja1
Eoenher hlime hkitk par uh hahkita hk nkvau e garhuner autre pkrjuite.
„Kstk hura kste garhe`a `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es1‘
_ku freêa ksteve gartk. E rkspaste kre „_lh‘.
@k rkpkitk pu`k kitki`kr a sljilgloe`a slhfÿnloa. _efle quïa vunikråvkn ì a
oareêïa muheia `k skr gkrl`a. Pehfìh oaimkole a pesse`a `k Dkei.
Dkei mevle sl`a uhe orleiêe skisèvkn k tèhl`e. Mevle orksol`a kh uh ner
lhpkrgklta k `lsguiolaien oaha hultas `k iÿs. _k fkh quk tlime hultes nkhfreiêes
kxtrear`liårles k sefle quk knks e eheveh, iïa sk skitle khaolaienhkitk skjure.
Iuioe
pere autra. pa`krle
E Lre prkvkr quen
k es penevres skrle
`ures a tahgrkqþkitk
surjleh khaolaienk kh sue oese `kkuh
rkpkitliehkit
rkpkitliehkitk hahkita
safrk oalses
quk `kvkrle mevkr sl`a lioaiskqþkitks. Kne k as hkhfras `k sue gehènle pa`leh
kioaitrer-sk
kioaitrer- sk „oehlimei`a safrk avas‘ kh hahkitas oaha kssk. Iuioe I uioe sefle quei`a
kne au autre pkssae ie gehènle pa`le skr eteoe`e au ounpe`e par enja.
Rratkjki`a a sku Iôonka
Es pkssaes kigrkiteh sltueêûks `ksoaigartåvkls oaha ksse `k verles heiklres.
Enjuis eteoeh, enjuis rkoueh k autras sk ksoai`kh. Hes jkrenhkitk skitlhas e
ikokssl`e`k `k ias `kgki`kr k ias pratkjkr `k skrhas eteoe`as.
_ku oareêïa ì a iôonka `a sku skr. _ku sufoaisolkitk sefk quk `kvk pratkjkr
sku oareêïa3 tkh quk pratkjkr sku `knloe`a iôonka `k quenqukr heiklre passèvkn.
Gresks oaha „`ar ia oareêïa‘ k „oareêïa pertl`a‘ penevres oaha „`ar‘ k
„sagrlhkita‘ sk omeheh esslh pkne pkounler skiseêïa gèsloe quk aoarrk ia oareêïa
quei`a kste saf uhe gartk tkisïa khaolaien.
Uuesk ta`a hui`a skitlu ksse skiseêïa kh enjuh hahkita.
Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es tkh sufstæiole. Oaislstkh `k kikrjle, esslh oaha
quenqukr autre oalse. Uuei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa orle`es, rksl`kh kh enjuh
nujer `k sku oarpa, k âs vkzks sk enadeh ia sku oareêïa au ea rk`ar `knk.
_ku sufoaisolkitk- a quen iïa oaimkok nlhltks- âs vkzks utlnlzerå e kikrjle
`kstes khaêûks pere orler uhe ferrklre au ksou`a ea rk`ar `a sku oareêïa pere
pratkjä-na.
Ia lilola, pkiskl safrk kstk praokssa etì quk hk `kl oaite quk a sufoaisolkitk
pravevknhkitk skjuk okrtes rkjres. Rar kxkhpna, iïa ì passèvkn orler uhe perk`k `a
zkra. Ia hui`a kh quk vlvkhas ta`es es oalses quk ias ra`kleh sïa gkltes `k
kikrjle, k eork`lta quk a sufoaisolkitk oahprkki`k kstk oaioklta `k garhe lhpnèolte.
Pa`es es perk`ks quk kxlstkh ia iassa hui`a gèsloa, ea sku rk`ar,
li`kpki`kitkhkitk
li`kpki`kitkhk itk `a hetkrlen `k oaistruêïa ksoanml`a, kh untlhe eienlsk, kstïa
 <;

gkltas `k kikrjle. E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa, orle`e pkna sufoaisolkitk tehfìh

tehfìh kste gklte
`k kikrjle.
Eoaitkok quk kne ì gklte `k kikrjle, e kikrjle `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
Eork`lta quk pere a sufoaisolkit
sufoaisolkitk,
k, E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa ì tïa rken queita e
oe`klre kh quk vaoä kste skite`a. E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa kxlstk, epkies kste kh uh
pneia `k rkenl`e`k nljklrehkitk `lgkrkitk `a hui`a quk pa`khas vkr oah iassas
anmas. Lssa tarie E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa hkias rken1 Ku iïa eork`lta. Nkhfrk-sk quk
iïa pa`khas vkr e nuz untrevlankte au, `k geta, e helarle `as espkotas
knktrahejiìtloas,
knktrahejiìtloa s, hes ilijuìh qukstlaie sue kxlstäiole.
Uuei`a pkrjuitkl ea oarpa `k Dkei sk ku pa`le nlfkrer es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es quk ksteveh garhei`a e perk`k ea rk`ar `k sku oareêïa, e rkspaste gal
„_lh‘.
Rauoa e pauoa sku oarpa ksteve `lspasta e nlfkrer kstes khaêûks. @ksoafrlhas
quk praok`lhkita pere nlfkrer khaêûks `e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa kre a hksha quk pere
nlfkrer quenqukr autre khaêïa. E ôiloe `lgkrkiêe kre quk tèimehas quk pkrjuiter
kspkolgloehkitk sk pa`èehas nlfkrer uhe khaêïa „`e sue perk`k `a oareêïa‘ pere
oaiskjulr eokssa e ksses khaêûks.
Iïa kre `k surprkki`kr quk sku oarpa prkolsessk `k okrta tkhpa pere
praoksser oe`e uhe `es khaêûks e hk`l`e quk kreh nlfkre`es, kitïa kspkrehas
peolkitkhkitk kitrk es quesk
eprlslaie`es `lgkrkitks skêûks. @ksoafrlhas
ta`as quk
as `les etì ìrehas
quk ta`es oepezks `k nlfkrer
`kseperkokreh khaêûks
k Dkei då
iïa tlime uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
E Orleêïa `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
Dkei eprki`ku pratkjkr skus skitlhkitas `ks`k sue ligæiole. Kne rkouau pere e
skjureiêe `k sku prÿprla litkrlar, perenlsei`a skus skitlhkitas pasltlvas k kvltei`a e
oaikxïa oah equknks oah qukh sk skitle vunikråvkn. Uuei`a mauvk m auvk kplsÿ`las
vanåtkls kh oese, kne ksoanmku skitlr hk`a, rksskitlhkita k autres khaêûks
ikjetlves, enjuhes `es quels kxprksseve khfare hultes kne litkrienlzeve. Enjuis
`kssks skitlhkitas iuioe gareh praoksse`as tatenhkitk k sk tariereh khaêûks
eprlslaie`es kh sku oarpa.
Kiqueita gezle ta`a a passèvkn oaisolkitkhkitk pere nl`er oah sue vl`e, ea
hksha tkhpa sku sufoaisolkitk oaistruèe uhe perk`k, uhe håxlhe pratkêïa quk
kvlterle quk sku oareêïa gassk gkrl`a iavehkitk.
ia vehkitk.
_ku sufoaisolkitk ksoanmku pere sue Rerk`k uh essaenma lhejliårla `k
he`klre, kspkolgloehkitk
kspkolgloehkitk e he`klre ie quen sk pa`k ei`er. Wä a slhfanlsha1 A
querta kh quk kne orksoku tlime uh essaenma `k he`klre hulta perkol`a oah e oese
`kne ie ìpaoe, kitïa kre uhe vlsïa gehlnler. _ku sufoaisolkitk orlau uhe Rerk`k kh
sku Oareêïa quei`a kre hels davkh, hes iïa gal oahpnkta par vårlas eias.
Oe`e iave khaêïa eprlslaie`e `eve e perk`k uhe kspkssure uhe garêe kxtre,
etì etlijlr hultas hlnmerks `k hktras `k kspkssure.
Ea nlfkrer es khaêûks `e sue Rerk`k `a Oareêïa `ksoafrlhas quk e kspkssure
`lhliuèe. Iÿs iïa pa`krèehas prkvkr a queita sue kspkssure `lhliulrle oaha
rksunte`a `e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Enjuhes khaêûks eprlslaie`es
rksuntereh kh uhe jrei`k `lhliulêïa k autres kh uhe pkqukie
p kqukie `lhliulêïa `e
kspkssure.
 <7

Uuei`a e untlhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e gal nlfkre`e, eoaitkok

eoaitkokuu enja hulta
litkrksseitk, a quk edu`au Dkei e lr enìh `k sku pesse`a k e ha`a kh quk kne sk
pkrokfle.
Vkoaikotei`a- sk
Kiqueita e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa `k Dkei pratkjle sku oareêïa `k `eias k `arks,
ksse pratkêïa tlime uh ousta.
Pkr uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa `klxau skus skitlhkitas e`arhkol`as k `k enjuhe
heiklre lsane`as. _kitle-sk `ksoaikote`e `as autras. Uukrle tkr ehljas èitlhas k
tkitau verles vkzks, hes skhprk mevle enja ia oehlima. Kre hulta qukrl`e, hes
eomeve `lgèoln skitlr sk oaigartåvkn oah es pkssaes. Plime hultas oankjes, hes pauoas
ehljas èitlhas. Kh rkuilûks saolels, hksha oah pkssaes quk oaimkole par eias,
skhprk sk skitle `k ne`a, anmei`a `k gare, oaha sk iuioe glzkssk pertk.
Uuei`a e untlhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e gal glienhkitk nlfkre`e k e Rerk`k kh sku
Oareêïa mevle `kseperkol`a, mauvk uhe hu`eiêe pragui`e.
„Rkne prlhklre vkz ie hlime vl`e iïa kstau `a ne`a `k gare‘ hk genau „`ureitk
ta`e e hlime vl`e `kskdkl hk skitlr esslh. Ejare skl a quk sk skitk ea skr pertk `k uh
olrouna `k ehljas, pertk `k uh jrupa. Ì uh skitlhkita hulta `lgkrkitk `a quk skitl
enjuhe vkz k hk slita herevlnmasehkitk fkh‘.
@ks`k equknk `le, kssks skitlhkitas täh pkrheikol`a oah kne k e täh
edu`e`a
enjuìh `e e orksokr
Rerk`kkh
khhultas espkotas.
sku Oareêïa kste@ks`k kitïa, `ksoafrlhas
ì grkqþkitkhkitk skjul`aquk ea nlfkrer
`k uhenl fkrer
pragui`e
kxpkrläiole `k oaikxïa oah as autras.
autras .
Jrei`k pertk `k iassa orksolhkita pkssaen k ksplrltuen surjk `a iassa ehar
pknas `khels k e litkreêïa oah knks.
knks. Uueita hel
helss efkrtas iassas oareêûks sïa hels
gartk skrå iasse oaikxïa oah oe`e pkssae. Uueita hels oaikote`as kstehkstehas,
as, hels
gartks k rloes skrïa iasses vl`es.
Kstau tïa ejre`kol`a e Dkei k ea sku saima equknk `le. _kh kne, e Rerk`k `a
Oareêïa skrle oahpnktehk
oahpnktehkitk
itk `ksoaimkol`e eli`e.
Uuei`a oahkêehas e kxehlier autres pkssaes kh fusoe `k Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa, `ksoafrlhas quk ì uh prafnkhe hulta oahuh. Iasse kxpkrläio
kxpkrläiole
le `lz alta
kh oe`e `kz pkssaes e täh. Es passlflnl`e`ks sïa `k quk vaoä tehfìh tkime.
A Heu Oesehkita `k Daeiik
[he `es prlhklres pkssaes quk kxehliehas pere kioaitrer uhe Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa gal uhe hunmkr quk sk omeheve Daeiik. Mevle sl`a oese`e par vlitk k `als
eias k tlime olioa glnmas. _ku herl`a kre hkiten k vkrfenhkitk ejrksslva. Knk mevle
orle`a uhe kxpkrläiole tïa tÿxloe kh sku ner quk a rksta `e gehènle sk pkrjuiteve par
quk kne aptau par gloer kh uh oesehkita tïa rulh eia epÿs eia3
Oaha e helarle `es hunmkrks kh sue paslêïa, Daeiik mevle suparte`a a
oesehkita orlei`a uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa quk edu`eve a sku `knloe`a oareêïa e
lsaner-sk `es efuslves ejrkssûks vkrfels k khaolaiels `k sku herl`a.
Ku suspklteve quk Daeiik tlvkssk uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa k sku oarpa `lssk
„_lh‘ quei`a pkrjuitkl sk tlime. Kitïa
Ki tïa hk pkrjuitkl `a quk skrle gklte sue Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa. _krleh ta`es es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa gkltes `k he`klre1 Ku iïa sefle, hes
quei`a nmk glz ksse pkrjuite sku oarpa `lssk „Iïa‘.
He`klre iïa. Fah, quk ten enjuh tlpa `k hkten1 E rkspaste gal „_lh‘, enjuh
enjuh
tlpa `k hkten.
„A hkten ì gkrra1‘ pkrjuitkl
p krjuitkl pere `ksoerter.
 <:

„Iïa‘.
„Ì eêa1‘ pkrjuitkl. „Iïa‘.
Pkstkl oah Pltæila, enuhèila, oafrk k ta`as as autras tlpas `k hktels quk
enjuhe vkz ksoutkl, hes e rkspaste kre skhprk „Iïa‘.
Kitïa hk epraxlhkl `k autra æijuna.
æijun a. „Kssk hkten ì hels `ura quk gkrra1‘.
„_lh‘.
„Kssk hkten ì hels `ura quk eêa1‘. Iavehkitk „_lh‘.
Kiqueita oaitliueve oah ksse nlime `k litkrrajeêïa, jre`uenhkitk sk tariau
eperkitk quk kssk hkten kre hels `ura quk ta`as as hktels quk ku pa`krle iahker.
_kitli`a-hk
_kitli`a- hk uh pauoa kxespkre`a pkrjuitkl „E Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa ì gklta `k uh
hkten hels `ura `a quk quenqukr autra hkten quk kxlste ie Pkrre1‘. _ue rkspaste gal
`kgliltlve4 „_lh‘.
Kspkrk uh hahkita. Uuk1 Oaha pa`le skr quk e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa gassk
gklta `k uh hkten quk kre hels `ura `a quk quenqukr autra quk kxlste ie Pkrre1
Enja Gare `kstk Hui`a
Ksteve tïa efsarta kh hlimes pkrjuites oaiorktes quk mevle hk ksqukol`a `k
uh geta hulta lhparteitk.
E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa ì uhe orleêïa `a sufoaisolk
sufoaisolkitk-
itk- ai`k nltkrenhkitk tu`a
ì passèvkn.
Kste perk`k
uh `ktkrhlie`a iïa ì gklte
iuhkra glsloehkitk
`k khaêûks `k ikimuh
eprlslaie`es. hetkrlen,
Ra`k iïa skrkxokta
„rken‘`e kikrjle
pere `k
iÿs, hes
eork`lta quk a sufoaisolkitk epkser `k skr lhejliårla ì tehfìh tïa rken queita
quenqukr autre oalse quk kxlstk ia hui`a.
_ue rkenl`e`k ia oarpa ì hulta pa`krase. Ksse rkenl`e`k egkte as slstkhes `a
oarpa `e hkshe garhe quk iassas pkisehkitas. Pkh uhe lignuäiole `lrkte ie iasse
seô`k. Hes nkhfrk, e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa ì uhe oaistruêïa lhejlierle- pa`k kster
gklta nltkrenhkitk `k quenqukr oalse.
@als eias `kpals quk Daeiik
Da eiik sk oesau, oahkêereh as heus tretas. _ku venar
hels prkolasa kre oaiskrver a oesehkita, kitïa gloau.
Daeiik orksoku kh uh ner l`ènloa k skrkia, ai`k kre venarlze`e. _kjui`a
Daeiik, iïa pa`le nkhfrer sk skus pels enjuhe vkz frljereh k e queitl`e`k `k vkzks
kh quk penevres `k relve gareh `ltes pa`le sk oaiter ias `k`as `k uhe hïa.
Kiqueita a heu treta kh sku oesehkita euhkiteve sku sufoaisolkitk
fusoeve pratkêïa `kskspkre`ehkitk.
`kskspkre`ehkitk. Es khaêûks ksteveh sk garhei`a, kitïa e
hetìrle prlhe pere oaistrulr e perk`k ksteve enl, hes quk tlpa `k hetkrlen sku
sufoaisolkitk oaisl`krerle suglolkitkhkitk
suglolkitkhkitk rkslstkitk pere pratkjkr sku oareêïa `a
heu treta `k Iloc1
Ì `lta quk a sufoaisolkit
sufoaisolkitkk iïa `lstlijuk kitrk a quk pkrokfkhas oaha
„rkenl`e`k‘ k „ iïa rkenl`e`k‘. Rar kxkhpna, sk vaoä vä uh glnhk quk ì hulta
essuste`ar, sku sufoaisolkitk iïa „sefk‘ quk vaoä iïa kstå rkenhkitk
kxpkrlhkitei`a e rkenl`e`k
rkenl`e`k olikhetajrågloe `a glnhk. Okrtehkitk
Okrtehkitk,, sku oareêïa
fetkrå oah garêe, sues penhes lrïa suer k sues rkeêûks flaquèhloes skrïa kxetehkitk
kxetehkitk
es hkshes. E e`rkienlie vel oarrkr pknes sues vkles k ta`es es rkeêûks quk aoarrkh
kh uhe frlje au kh uhe sltueêïa `k guje skrïa es hkshes quk e rkenl`e`k quk vaoä
vä kre ie vkr`e`k e prÿprle rkenl`e`k.
Ksskiolenhkitk a sufoaisolkitk trete tu`a quk omkje e sue hkite oaisolkitk
oaha rkenl`e`k, qukr kne skde au iïa. Lssa ias nkhfre `k Daeiik, quk tkh uhe Rerk`k
 <=

kh sku Oareêïa gklta `k hkten, hes okrta tlpa `k hkten hels gartk quk quenqukr tlpa
`k hkten quk kxlste safrk e Pkrre.
Kh enjuh paita, hulta tkhpa etrås, Daeiik mevle vlsta uhe ievk kspeolen
kxtretkrrkstrkk kh uh smaw `k gloêïa olkitlgloe. E Herlime `lsperau hèsskls. Uuei`a e
kxtretkrrkstr
guheêe `kseperkoku, eli`e ksteve nå. Gal fenke`a oah oeimûks, hes iïa tkvk ikimuh
kgklta. Eli`e neiêereh uhe ajlve iuonker, hes quei`a e guheêe `kseperkoku eli`e
ksteve enl. As olkitlstes gloereh etðiltas, e ievk kre gklte `k uhe sufstæiole
oahpnktehkitk `ksoaimkol`e,
`ksoaimkol`e, uh hkten quk iïa kxlstle safrk e Pkrre, quk
eperkitkhkitk kre li`kstrutèvkn.
„_lh!‘ sku sufoaisolkitk `lssk „Lssa ì kxetehkitk a quk ku prkolsa!‘ k kssk
kxtretkrrkstrkk nmk gkz lhejlier quk a hkten `k uh glnhk eitlja `k gloêïa olkitlgloe sk
kxtretkrrkstr
treisgarhau ia hetkrlen pere e oaistruêïa `e sue Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
Oaiskqþkitkhkitk,
Oaiskqþkitkhk itk, Daeiik tlime uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa gklta `k hetkrlen
li`kstrutèvkn `k uhe ievk kspeolen kxtretkrrk
kxtretkrrkstrk.
strk. Uuk hknmar heiklre `k pratkjkr
sku oareêïa1 Nkhfrk-sk4 e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa pravìh `e lhejlieêïa pragui`e, `a
sufoaisolkitk `e pkssae, quk `k heiklre lioaisolkitk e orle.
[he vkz quk `ksoafrlhas a quk gal gklta kh uh ièvkn hktegÿrloa, oahkêehas
e nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk mevleh sl`a arjeilze`es ie Rerk`k ea rk`ar `a
oareêïa `k Daeiik.
Oaha kne eli`e sue
hulta pravevknhkitk, ksteve oese`e
Rerk`k oah skumevle
ia oareêïa ejrksslva herl`a,
sl`a uh getarias `khas oaite
lhparteitk perequk,
heitkr sku oesehkita oah Iloc.
E Rerk`k mevle pratkjl`a sku oareêïa ta`as kssks eias. Plrer e Rerk`k kh sku
Oareêïa kre a okrta1 Kre a okrta pere Daeiik ikstk hahkita `e sue vl`e1 _ku oarpa
tlime orle`a e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa par uh hatlva, hes skhprk må uh prkêa quk sk
peje quei`a tkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, ski`a kssk prkêa prliolpenhkitk uhe
`lhliulêïa ie oepeol`e`k `k skitlr.
@kol`lhas quk e ôiloe rate skjure skrle pkrjuiter ea sku sufoaisolkitk sk
ksteve tu`a fkh oahkêer nlfkrei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk garheveh e Rerk`k
kh sku Oareêïa.
„Ra`khas nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa ejare1‘,
pkrjuitkl.
_ku oarpa `lssk „_lh‘. Gal fah oahkêer `ksgezkr
`ksgezkr-sk
-sk `kstes khaêûks
eprlslaie`es quk garheveh e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa. @k geta, a oarpa `k Daeiik qukrle
quk knes sk gasskh! Kitïa oahkêehas e tlrå-nes, kioaitrei`a uhe `k oe`e vkz oah a
tkstk husouner.
Oe`e vkz quk nlfkråvehas uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e omkoåvehas iavehkitk e
kspkssure `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, e quen lilolenhkitk mevle kioaitre`a sktk pìs `k
kspkssure.
„E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa eli`e tkh sktk pìs `k kspkssure1‘ „Iïa‘, rkspai`ku sku
oarpa.
„Pkh skls pìs `k kspkssure1‘. „_lh‘.
Iavehkitk, oah oe`e khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk nlfkråvehas, sue perk`k ia
oareêïa gloeve hels glie.
E `lstæiole quk `lhliuèe ie kspkssure `e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa verleve,
`kpki`ki`a `e khaêïa. Âs vkzks uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e rk`uzle uh pì ie Rerk`k
`a Oareêïa. Autres vkzks, uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e gezle hkias `lgkrkiêe, hu`ei`a a
 <<

rksunte`a kh skls pankje`es au hkias. Ia oesa `k Daeiik, iïa mevle ikimuh pkrèa`a
`k kspkre kitre e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa k e skjulitk3 sku sufoaisolkitk ksteve
praita pere nlfkrå-nes ta`es `k uhe vkz, tïa råpl`a queita pu`khas kioaitrå-nes k
`klxå-nes lr.
Oaikotei`a as Raitas
Kiqueita l`kitlgloåvehas oe`e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, tehfìh pkrjuitkl
quei`a ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e kspkolgloeh
kspkolgloehkitk
kitk mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`e. Gezkr ksse
pkrjuite edu`eve Daeiik e oaikoteres khaêûks eprlslaie`es oah aoeslûks kspkolgloes
`k sue vl`e quk mevleh oeuse`a teite `ar. Kioaitrehas quk iïa tlime Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa etk a skjui`a eia `a sku oesehkita, quei`a es oalses rkenhkitk
oahkêereh e gloer `lgèokls.
Ea vanterhas âs arljkis `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es li`lvl`uels, gal gåoln vkr par
quk Daeiik mevle prkolse`a `k uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa quk gassk li`kstrutèvkn.
[he `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es pkrtkiole ea hahkita kh quk sku herl`a mevle
epaite`a uhe erhe pere e oefkêe k ehkeêe`a sk heter ie grkitk `kne. Autre khaêïa
eprlslaie`e pkrtkiole ea hahkita kh quk knk gal tahe`a par p ar uh etequk `k relve
`kvl`a e sues pretloes rknljlases, nltkrenhkitk quklhau sue Fèfnle ie grkitk `kne. Plime
iavk khaêûks eprlslaie`es `lgkrkitks quk mevleh gloe`a kh sku oarpa, oe`e uhe
`knes tlime e vkr oah enjuhe kxpkrläiole kxtrkh
kxtrkhee oah sku herl`a, Iloc.
_kitli`a
Nlfkrer ksses iavk khaêûks Iavehkitk
k nlhper Oah a Oareêïa
oahpnktehkitk e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa `k
Daeiik nkvereh okroe `k trlite hliutas. Uuei`a sku oarpa li`loau quk e Rerk`k `a
Oareêïa mevle `kseperkol`a, Daeiik sarrlu treiqulnehkitk.
„Oaha sk skitk1‘, nmk pkrjuitkl.
„[h pauoa etar`ae`e‘ `lssk „Hes fkh...‘. Kitïa vantau pere oese duita oah
Iloc.
Rar vlitk k `als eias, Daeiik tkvk uhe Rerk`k lhpkiktråvkn ea rk`ar `k sku
oareêïa. Ejare ksse perk`k sk gal, `k rkpkitk kne pa`le skitlr ia sku oareêïa ta`es
es etraol`e`ks k ta`e e hen`e`k quk Iloc nmk `ku `ks`k a hahkita kh quk kne
kitrau pkne parte.
Rkne prlhklre vkz kh hultas eias, kne ksteve rkenhkitk skitli`a a quk ksteve
eoaitkoki`a kh sue rkneêïa oah Iloc. _ue Rerk`k ia Oareêïa mevle kste`a e
pratkjki`a `k ta`e e garêe `k sue orukn`e`k. Ejare quk kne pa`le kxpkrlhkiter oaha
kne rkenhkitk kre, skh e Rerk`k pratktare, iïa pa`le eork`lter quk mevle gloe`a oah
knk par teita tkhpa. Uukh pa`krle tankrer kssk tlpa `k lisunta1 K par quk kne `kvle
skjulr tankrei`a1 Kh `ues skheies kne `klxere Iloc, `k vkz, k pk`lre a `lvÿrola.
Oaha teites `kgkses `a iassa oarpa e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa pa`k skr uhe
hk`l`e likstlhåvkn `k skjureiêe kh ourta preza.
Uuei`a enja ksheje`ar eoaitkok, uhe eêïa `k khkrjäiole pa`k senver sue
vl`e.
_k vaoä kste ski`a fahfer`ke`a, sk ksoai`kr kh uh fuickr ì uhe fae
l`ìle. Hes iïa quklre vlvkr enl. _k a glzkr, pkr`krle es enkjrles k herevlnmes `e vl`e.
A hksha eoaitkok oah es Rerk`ks `a Oareêïa. Iïa lhparte quïa lhparteitk
tkime sl`a pere sue vl`e a hahkita kh quk gal orle`e, pa`krå vlvkr uhe vl`e hels
gknlz k hels oaikote`e esslh quk e `krrufer. Âs vkzks pa`k gezkr e `lgkrkiêe kitrk
vlvkr uhe vl`e `k `kslnusûks k vlvkr gknlz pere skhprk.
Hlrei`e k a Eitlja Iehare`a
 522

Hlrei`e ì uh kxkhpna pkrgklta `k oaha uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa pa`k

litkrgkrlr ie sue vl`e eharase. Kne kre uhe etrekitk kigkrhklre `k ?= eias quk sk
epraxlhau `k hlh oah `ar ia pksoaêa. @ureitk a kxehk, hkiolaiau quk iïa
iehareve oah ilijuìh må eias k quk då iïa tlime hels litkrkssk kh tkr quenqukr
tlpa `k rkneolaiehkita oah mahkis. Uuei`a e kxehlikl iïa glqukl surprksa ea
kioaitrer uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa.
Alta eias eitks, a oareêïa `k Hlrei`e sk rahpkre kh uh rkneolaiehkita oah
uh mahkh quk kne ehere pragui`ehkitk. Kh uh ksgarêa `k pratkjkr sku oareêïa `k
kxpkrlhkiter kssk tlpa `k `ar k sk heomuoer iavehkitk, sku sufoaisolkitk
sufoaisolkitk mevle
orle`a uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
Ia oesa `k Hlrei`e, träs khaêûks pkrslstkitks mevleh gloe`a prkses kh sku
oarpa par ta`as kssks eias, lhpk`li`a-e `k kxpkrlhkiter uh rkneolaiehkita
eharasa. Iïa tlime ikh l`ìle `k quk ksses khaêûks eprlslaie`es kreh e helar oeuse
sufdeokitk `e `ar quk tehfìh skitle ia pksoaêa. _ue `ar ia pksoaêa mevle
oaitliue`a par enjuh tkhpa k kre oaisl`kre`a orðiloa k lionuslvk enja hlstkrlasa
pknas autras hì`loas quk oaisuntau, vki`a quk ie`e perkole enlvler.
[h par uh rkhavkhas oe`e uhe `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Ia glh, pkrjuitkl
ea sku oarpa sk glienhkitk e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa mevle sl`a nlfkre`a. _ku oarpa
`lssk quk kne mevle l`a oahpnktehkitk
oahpnktehkitk..
Iïa vl Hlrei`e
liorlvknhkitk
liorlvknhkitk iavehkitk
gknlz. Rkrjuitkl a qukpar okroe
mevle `k träs
hu`e`a k hksks. Uuei`a
oaitkitk e vl,„Pu`a!‘.
hk `lssk4 kne perkole
Oaitau quk sue `ar ia pksoaêa mevle suhl`a må pauoa tkhpa, hes quk mevle iatlole
hknmar quk kste.
„Naja `kpals `k vkr vaoä `e untlhe vkz‘ `lssk, „Kioaitrkl par eoesa a ehar `e
hlime ligæiole, iïa a vle `ks`k a kislia gui`ehkiten. Hes eoefau quk knk ksteve
harei`a ie ksqulie `k oese-hkias `k uh quertklrïa `k `lstæiole- par quesk alta
eias. Oahkêehas e selr k enja `kspkrtau kitrk iÿs. Kstehas epelxaie`as! Eoma quk
knk vel hk pk`lr kh oesehkita‘.
oesehkita‘.
E hunmkr quk omkjere ea hku oaisuntÿrla rkonehei`a `k `ar ia pksoaêa k
durei`a `klxer as mahkis
mahkis mevle `kse
`kseperkol`a
perkol`a `k vkz. Kre uhe pkss
pkssae
ae oahpnktehk
oahpnktehkitk itk
iave.
„Hulta afrlje`e par hk edu`er‘ `lssk Hlrei`e „_k vaoä iïa tlvkssk nlfkre`a e
Rerk`k kh hku Oareêïa ku sliokrehkit
sliokrehkitkk eork`lta quk lssa iïa eoaitkokrle. Ku ksteve
hulta gkome`e‘.
Uuei`a es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa sïa nlfkre`es, es
pkssaes âs vkzks `lzkh quk ì oah sk glienhkitk pu`ksskh skitlr iavehkitk. Ra`kh
`er k rkokfkr ehar nlvrkhkitk pkne prlhklre vkz kh hulta tkhpa. Ikssk kste`a
pa`kh eoaitkokr oalses hulta litkrksseitks k herevlnmases.
Oaha `kvkhas vlvkr
Ì esslh quk `kvkhas vlvkr. @kvkhas
@ kvkhas vlvkr vl`es seu`åvkls k vlfreitks, omkles
`k ehar k enkjrle. @k ta`es es khaêûks, a ehar ì e hels pure k tkh e hels ente
vlfreêïa. A ehar ì hels papuner k pa`krase `k ta`es es khaêûks, ì teita jkre`e
queita rkokfl`e pkna oareêïa.
Uuei`a vaoä tkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, iïa pa`k `er ehar `e heiklre quk
`kvkrle, då quk e kikrjle `a ehar quk kste kh sku oareêïa tehfìh iïa pa`k selr.
Ea hksha tkhpa, a ehar quk ì lrre`le`a pere vaoä par autres pkssaes kh
okrta paita ì fnaquke`a.
 525

Oaha rksunte`a, pa`k skjulr pkne sue vl`e `k enjuhe heiklre lsane`e `as
`khels `kvl`a eas treuhes khaolaiels quk tkh pesse`a k e perk`k sufoaisolkitk
quk nltkrenhkitk kxlstk ea rk`ar `a sku oareêïa. As treuhes gareh jkiuèias a
suglolkitk k iïa må `uvl`e `k quk oeusereh hels `ar quk sku oarpa pkisau quk pa`le
suparter skitlr iavehkitk- ì par lssa quk e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa tlime pkrgklta skitl`a
ia hahkita. Hes vaoä `krrufå-ne, vaoä gloere prksa par trås `kne kh enjuh
hahkita, oah hkias omeiok `k enoeiêer k sk oaikoter oah es pkssaes, lionuslvk oah
es pkssaes quk vaoä hels ehe.
Es vl`es `es pkssaes, skus
skus glnmas k sues gehènles gareh oahpnktehkitk
oahpnktehkitk
treisgarhe`es quei`a es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa gareh rktlre`es.
rktlre`es .
Okroe `k trlite par okita `es vkzks, as kgkltas `e nlfkreêïa `k uhe Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa sïa hulta kvl`kitks k sïa iate`es lhk`letehkitk3 hes ie helarle `es vkzksv kzks
as rksunte`as sïa sutls k es hu`eiêes ie vl`e `e pkssae eperkokh jre`uenhkitk, `k
garhe quk knks hkshas pa`kh iïa rkoaimkokr `k lhk`leta.
Reune k _ku Glnma Teije`a
[h `le uhe hunmkr omehe`e Reune vkla ea hku oaisuntÿrla oah sku glnma Vloc,
quk tlime 5: eias ie ìpaoe. Hk `lssk quk Vloc tlime prafnkhes oah e relve. _k duitau
oah pkssaes krre`es k sues iates gareh eflshels. Plime hk`a `k quk a prÿxlha pessa
gassk a usa `k
` k `rajes k kspkreve quk ku pu`kssk edu`å-ne. Kne mevle ksoute`a safrk a
iassakre
glnma trefenma
`kvl`eoah es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k sk pkrjuiteve sk pertk `e relve `k sku
e knes.
Kxehlikl e kstk davkh slnkiolasa k lrrlte`a, k `ksoafrl
` ksoafrl quk knk tlime uhe
Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa. Uuei`a kxehlikl sue hïk iïa hk surprkki`ku kioaitrer
quk kne tehfìh tlime uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
Vepl`ehkitk gloau onera quk Vloc iïa kre a ôiloa quk sagrle `k relve. _ue hïk
tehfìh ksteve omkle `k relve k reioar pkna sku kx-herl`a, a pel `k Vloc. Plime e
kxprkssïa uh pauoa sahfrle k sue hei`èfune perkole kster gkome`e `k heiklre
tklhase k relvase.
Knlhlier e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
Oareêïa `k Vloc nkvau ; skêûks, oe`e
oe`e skêïa tki`a hels au
hkias 52 hliutas. Âs vkzks nlfkråvehas `ues khaêûks kh uhe skêïa, hes ie
helarle `es vkzks sÿ uhe. Pa`es es khaêûks eprlslaie`es ie Rerk`k `a Oareêïa
jlreveh kh taria `k sku pel flanÿjloa k oaha mevle sk skitl`a efei`aie`a par knk
ias ôntlhas eias. Plime khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k relve, grustreêïa, reioar,
skitlhkitas `k ligkrlarl`e`k, kitrk autres khaêûks ikjetlves.
Ikh fkh mevèehas oahpnkte`a a praokssa, Vloc oahkêau e hu`er. Gal
kijreêe`a vkr quk etì sku oartk `k oefkna hu`au. Uuei`a a oaimkole tlime uhe
orlste enereide`e, ia sku oesa, uhe kxprkssïa `k sue rkfkn`le. _kh tkr hels e
ikokssl`e`k `k kxprksser relve k reioar, vantau pere uh oefkna hels oahuh. Iïa sÿ
lssa, sues iates hknmareh vårlas paitas. _khprk gal uh jerata litknljkitk, hes ksteve
fnaqukei`a sues khaêûks etrås `k uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa k e prkssïa
eouhuneve-sk må hulta tkhpa.
Eitks `k nlfkrer sue Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, skitlhkita
skitlhkitass `k gôrle surjleh `a
litkrlar `k Vloc quei`a pkiseve kh sku pel. @kpals `k `krrufer e Rerk`k kh sku
Oareêïa Vloc pa`k pkiser kh sku pel ‟ lionuslvk pesser tkhpa oah knk- k kster
oahpnktehkitk fkh. Ejare quk sue relve kre oalse `a pesse`a, Vloc sk skitle hels
gknlz k hatlve`a. Uuei`a `klxau lr sue Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, rkoupkrau sue vl`e.
 526

Iuioe hk ksqukokrkl `e untlhe vkz quk vl Vloc k quïa treisgarhe`a ksteve.

Nkhfra quk iïa pa`le epejer a sarrlsa `a rasta kiqueita hk oaiteve safrk uhe
rkokitk vlejkh `k pksoe oah sku pel flanÿjloa
flanÿ jloa k a queita mevle hu`e`a sue rkneêïa
oah knk.
Ourlasehkitk, quei`a `krrufehas e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa `k sue hïk, kne
perkole iïa iater ikimuhe hu`eiêe. @als hksks `kpals `k tkrhas `krrufe`a Reune
vantau ea hku oaisuntÿrla k rkonehau `lzki`a4 „A quk kste eoaitkoki`a1
e oaitkoki`a1 Vloc ì uhe
pkssae oahpnktehkitk iave. Uuesk iïa a rkoaimkêa. Hes ku iïa slita ikimuhe
`lgkrkiêe `k oaha hk skitle eitks!‘.
Kxpnlqukl-nmk quk quei`a sk tlre uhe Rerk`k `a Oareêïa, skitlr es hu`eiêes k
quk es oalses sk rkedustkh kh sue vl`e jkrenhkitk nkve tkhpa.
A oarpa tkh quk etrevksser par uh praokssa `k oure uhe vkz quk sk tlre e
Rerk`k `a Oareêïa k lssa pa`k nkver enjuh tkhpa.
Ì `lgèoln `lzkr sk eokltau ksse kxpnloeêïa au iïa. Eork`lta quk kne gloau
`ksepaite`e quk sue vl`e iïa mevle hu`e`a tïa `restloehkitk oaha e `k Vloc. Iïa vl
ikimuh `as `als par uh tkhpa k hk pkrjuitkl kh enjuh hahkita oaha knks lrleh.
Kitïa, okroe `k uh eia hels ter`k, kioaitrkl par eoesa Reune kh uh smapplij
`k ente onessk kh Areijk Oauitry. Kne hk rkoaimkoku k kspkrau pere vkr sku e
rkoaimkokrle. Hk perkole gehlnler hes iïa tlime ikh l`ìle `k qukh kre. Uuei`a ias
genehas, hk `kl oaite `k qukh kre, hes sk kioaitreve tïa `lgkrkitk quk hen e
rkoaimkol. _ku rasta lrre`leve gknlol`e`k. Pa`e sue pasture mevle hu`e`a. @ks`k e
untlhe vkz kh quk ias vlhas iïa sÿ tlime oaiskjul`a uh khprkja herevlnmasa ikssk
smapplij, skiïa quk tehfìh
tehfìh tlime kioaitre`a u uh
h mahkh kxtrear`liårl
kxtrear`liårla
a k ksteveh
gknlzks ia oesehkita.
Kiqueita oaivkrsåvehas, `ksoafrl quk Vloc le fkh teita ie ksoane queita ie
vl`e. Nkhfrkl-nmk safrk e sue Rerk`k `a Oareêïa k iasse oaivkrse `k uh eia eitks.
„Iïa skl sk `krrufer e Rerk`k ia hku Oareêïa tkvk enja e vkr oah lssa au iïa‘
k sarrlu „hes hlime vl`e kste hultèsslha hknmar ejare `a quk kre uh eia etrås, iïa
passa eork`lter!‘.
eork`lter!‘.
Kiqueita hk egesteve `a kioaitra oah kne, nkhfrkl quïa lrrlte`e k ligknlz
ksteve epkies uh eia etrås k iïa pa`le kvlter hk pkrjuiter ai`k ksterle sk iïa
tlvìsskhas `krrufe`a e Rerk`k `k sku Oareêïa.
Orleiêes k es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa
Ì uh geta hulta trlstk `e vl`e ikstk pneikte quk es orleiêes grkqþkitkhkitk
tehfìh tkimeh Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa.
Rkisk kh quïa `knloe`a k efkrta ì a oareêïa `k uhe orleiêe quei`a kne ì
pkqukie. Knks sïa li`kgksas k oaigleitks, k hultes vkzks sïa vltlhes `k e`untas
efuslvas k prk`e`arks, k âs vkzks etì `k orleiêes oruìls. Ikstks oesas, skhprk sk
kioaitre Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa.
Âs vkzks e vl`e ì uh `ksegla, lionuslvk kh nerks herevlnmasas k saf es hknmarks
olrouistæioles. E skjulitk oerte ì `k uhe hunmkr kioeite`are ouda glnma gal
`lejiastloe`a oah `kprkssïa onliloe. @kpals `k` k `kskivanvkr uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e
ea vkr e hartk `k uh ehlja prÿxlha, garhau-sk uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa pere
pratkjkr ea sku pafrk oareêïazlima `k qukfrer oahpnktehkitk.
Iavk eias `k l`e`k k `kprlhl`a
Oera @autar Iknsai4
 52?

Enjuhes skheies etrås trauxk hku glnma `k iavk eias pere vkr vaoä. Knk ksteve
ksteve
kxlfli`a uh oahpartehkita lioahuh. Plime `lgloun`e`k pere oahkr, `arhlr k sk
oaiokitrer. Knk gloau oah relve, ikjetlva k pksslhlste. E ksoane kre uh pkse`kna!
Pkitehas lhpnarer, oestljå-na, rkoahpkiså-na pere oahpnkter skus trefenmas `k ksoane.
Uuei`a glienhkitk as tkrhlieve, iïa as kitrkjeve pere e pragkssare. Ì uh hkilia
hulta litknljkitk, ia kiteita sues iates `lhliuèreh parquk as trefenmas iïa gareh
kitrkjuks.
Rk`l uhe oaisunte oah e sue pk`letre pere quk a kxehliessk. Kitïa ias
hei`ereh pere uh ikuranajlste pk`låtrloa k `kpals pere uh psloÿnaja pere kstu`as hels
oahpnkxas- oaionuèreh quk hku glnma ksteve `kprlhl`a. (@als eias etrås hku glnma vlu
quei`a uh ehlja prÿxlha sk egajau k `kz hksks hels ter`k gal nkve`a ea guikren `a sku
prlha. Autras quetra gehlnlerks gareh kitkrre`as `kitra `as skls hksks skjulitks k
eork`lta quk kssks eoaitkolhkitas tlvkreh uh kgklta pkrturfe`ar kh hku glnma. Ku tkitkl
edu`å-na e nl`er oah kssks kvkitas, hes eperkitkhkitk knks eli`e a egkteveh).
Uuei`a ku a trauxk pere vä-na, vaoä a kxehliau k `ktkrhliau quk knk tlime uhe
„Rerk`k ia Oareêïa‘ quk oeusau uh `kskqulnèfrla khaolaien kh sku oarpa. A
HejOrketar gal use`a pere quk quei`a gassk pesse`a tlressk oe`e uhe `es khaêûks
ikjetlves essaole`es oah e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa. Iïa kitki`a ta`as as espkotas olkitègloas
`kssk tlpa `k tretehkita3 ia kiteita eork`lta quk glienhkitk kioaitrkl e rkspaste pere as
prafnkhes orksokitks `a hku glnma. @kpals quk vaoä trefenmau oah knk, knk gloau uh
pauoa epåtloa par enjuis `les,
`les, hes es hu`eiêes quk iatkl kh sku oahpartehkita ies
skheies skjulitks gareh efsanutehkitk liorèvkls!
Ia glien `e prlhklre skheie `arhle k oahle iarhenhkitk k hels uhe vkz ksteve
gknlz k eilhe`a. Ejare tkrhlieve oe`e terkge skh quenqukr lislstäiole `e hlime pertk.
Iasse oese ì hulta hels ejre`åvkn- knk ì prkstetlva, ehåvkn k peolkitk. _lita quk
hku qukrl`a glnma vantau!
_k a oktlolsha tlvkssk hk heitl`a naijk `kssk tlpa `k tretehkita, ku eli`e ksterle
orlei`a uhe orleiêe hulta trlstk k grustre`e skh quenqukr sanuêïa e vlste. Kh vkz `lssa
kioaitrkl uh tretehkita quk nltkrenhkitk a senvau. Afrlje`e @r. Iknsai par ta`e e sue
edu`e. _ku oaimkolhkita k kxpkrläiole ikste
i kste årke, sue peoläiole k prkaoupeêïa tlvkreh
uh trkhki`a lhpeota...
Hlime sliokre jretl`ïa e vaoä par tu`a quk gkz pere ourer hku glnma.
Afrlje`e! (Iahk iïa rkvkne`a)
E Rerk`k ia Oareêïa `a Rkqukia Deoaf
[he `es kxpkrläioles hels khaolaieitks quk tlvk oah orleiêes ì oaite`e par
uhe davkh hïk omehe`e Hklsme. _ku glnma `k träs eias `k l`e`k, Deoaf tlime
`kskivanvl`a uhe Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa pauoa tkhpa `kpals `a sku iesolhkita k
hartk `k sku lrhïa jähka. A tretkl k nlfkrkl e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa kh uhe vlslte
hels ter`k kne ksorkvku kssk tkstkhuima pere quk nkleh4
[h eia k hkla etrås, `kl e nuz e `als glnmas jähkas. Iavk `les `kpals `a
iesolhkita knks oaitreèreh uh vèrus, quk par glh eteoau skus oareêûks, `klxei`a-as kh
oai`lêûks orltloes par `als hksks. Dar`ei, a jähka helar, genkoku `kvl`a e hôntlpnes
oahpnloeêûks `klxei`a e Deoaf, quk sk rkoupkrau råpl`a a suglolkitk pere vlr pere oese,
hes oah prafnkhes oaitèiuas kh sku oareêïa.
Deoaf iïa sÿ gloau oah lisugloläiole oer`èeoe, hes
hes oah uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
gklte `k khaêûks `ure`aures k pragui`es quk sk heilgkstereh oaha relve kxoksslve,
`kstrutlvl`e`k, trlstkze, liskjureiêe k ejrksslvl`e`k. [h au `als `les `kpals `a

tretehkita
knk perkole. hku glnma `k oareêïa kre
_ku oahpartehkita skisèvkn vantau.
a apasta `k Enjuis
quei`aehljas oahkitereh
sues pkse`es a quïa
khaêûks a gknlz
 520

essahfreveh. _kl quk etrevìs `k tretehkitas oaitèiuas hku qukrl`a glnma vel sk ourer
khaolaienhkitk k knks pkrhltlrïa quk knk vlve e vl`e enkjrk e quen knk tkh `lrklta.
-Hklsme K., Pkxes
Uuei`a e iatlole `e `ksoafkrte `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa sk kspenmau, autras
hì`loas oahkêereh e sk epraxlher `k iÿs pere trkliehkita3 ia kiteita e helarle
`as esslstkitks oaitliuau e skr iïa praglsslaiels. E mlstÿrle skjulitk safrk Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa gal eprkskite`e par Jwki Nkjnkr uhe e`vaje`e `a kste`a `k Zesmlijtai.
E A`le`e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
Ku `ksoafrl quk es pkssaes hultes vkzks ksoanmkh uhe sufsteiole pere e Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa quk tkh uhe hkhÿrle au lhejkh pasltlve pere knes. Ì par lssa quk glqukl tïa
surprkse oah e rkeêïa ikjetlve `k Rkern pere sue Rerk`k ia Oareêïa gklte
g klte `k erfustas `k
ra`a`ki`ra. Kne a`leve as ra`a`ki`ras k iïa pa`le eork`lter quk sku sufoaisolkitk as
ksoanmkrle. Ku vkrlglqukl uhe skjui`e vkz k ksteve oarrkta. Ku eomkl litkrksseitk quk sku
oarpa iïa hk pkrhltlssk l`kitlgloere Rerk`k ia Oareêïa etk e tkroklre vlslte k sÿ kitïa
hk pkrhltlu tlrer enjuhes khaêûks. @kgliltlvehkitk ksteve e pratkjki`a `k enja. Ku
sujkrl quk oaitliuåsskhas k tenvkz kitki`ässkhas a par quä.
Ie tkroklre vlslte oahkêehas e tlrer hels khaêûks- ounpe, pkser, ÿ`la, trelêïa, eijustle k
hulta hels-. Naja sk gkz kvl`kitk quk e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa kre oaha uh `kpÿslta pere
uh liol`kitk kh pertlouner kh sue vl`e. Okroe `k 57 eias etrås, tkvk uhe rkneêïa
kxtreoaidujen pkne quen sk skitle kxtrkhehkitk ounpe`e. Epkser `k tkr tkrhlie`a k iuioe
tkr tl`a kautre
hkshe rkneêïa
supkrer. k skrias
Ejare pkr`ae`e par sku
`khas oaite `kherl`a, perkoleiaiïa
quk e Rerk`k oaiskjulr
Oareêïa pkr`aer
kre uh e sl
erfusta
quk kne a`leve par quk oaitlime uhe kxpkrläiole quk kne a`leve. @krrufehas e Rerk`k
`a sku Oareêïa k kioaitrau pez k pð`k pkr`aer e sl hkshe.
-Jwki N., Zesmlijtai
A _aima `a Eikn
Ret k sku herl`a Dlh pertlolpereh `a hku prlhklra skhliårla quk `kl quk
eoaitkoku kh _ei @lkja kh 5<<7.
Vkokfa ksse oerte `knks safrk sue kxpkrläiole oah uh pkse`kna rkoarrkitk quk
ksteve ski`a oeuse`a par uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
Uukrle oahpertlnmer oah vaoä hlimes kxpkrläioles oah Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa.
Dlhhy k ku pertlolpehas `k uh skhliårla sku kh _ei @lkja, ai`k kxpnloau saf safrk
rk es
Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa, ai`k kioaitrå-nas k oaha supkrå-nas.
Hlime glnme genkoku kh 5<<:, k `kpals `k uh tkhpa oahkokl e tkr uh pkse`kna
rkoarrkitk a quen omehåvehas `k „Pmk Vlij @rkeh‘. Ieioy e`areve as eiìls, kitïa
skhprk nljukl a saima e kne. Eoar`eve mlstìrloe k jrltei`a, pkjei`a hlimes hïas kh
fusoe `as hkus eiìls. Iuioe pu`k nkhfrer a quk oeusau a pæiloa k par quk kre tïa
lhparteitk kioaitrer hkus eiìls.
@kpals `k pertlolper `a sku skhliårla, `kol`lhas omkoer sk ku tlime uhe Rerk`k
ia Oareêïa. Iïa prkolsa `lzkr quk kioaitrehas uhe! Iÿs trefenmehas ea naija `as
eias, knlhliei`a es oehe`es `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es ea naija `a oehlima. Uuei`a
tlime `als eias `k l`e`k, tlvk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k efei`aia. Oaha skhprk
kstlvk oah e hlime gehènle, iïa eork`ltkl ia quk a tkstk hastreve. Oaitkl pere hlime
hïk safrk e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa k e khaêïa `k efei`aia. Kne hk `lssk quk quei`a ku
tlime `als eias kne tlime hk `klxe`a oah e hlime evÿ k gal gloer kh uh eoehpehkita
`e Herlime. Hlime evÿ `lssk pere quk kne gassk khfare, quk kne oul`erle `k hlh k quk
ku kre epkies uh fkfä kitïa iïa skitlrle seu`e`k `e hlime hïk. Kre uhe mlstÿrle quk
ku iuioe
`als eias.tlime ksoute`a eitks, hes quk `klxau sue lhprkssïa kh hlh quei`a
q uei`a ku tlime
 52;

Dlhhy k ku trefenmehas duitas k knlhliehas

knlhliehas ta`es es khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk
oahpuimeh hlime Rerk`k ia Oareêïa. Uuk enlvla gal `ksoafrlr quk a saima perau k
iïa vantau hels. Khfare ehfas slitehas quk eprki`khas hulta kh sku skhliårla,
ie`e sk oahpere e enkjrle quk skitlhas quei`a kssk saima marrèvkn perau.
Ejre`kêa e apartuil`e`k `k
`k oahpertlnmer lssa oah vaoä. Pkhas oahpertlnme`a
oahpertlnme`a
ksse mlstarle oah pkssaes quk tkhas oaimkol`a, hes kstau gknlz `k glienhkitk pa`kr
oaiter e vaoä. Hulta afrlje`e par kssk herevlnmasa prajrehe.
-Ret _., Naulsleie.
Kioaitrer k Nlfkrer e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
Wehas gener ejare safrk oaha vaoä pa`k rkenhkitk `ktkrhlier sk uhe pkssae
tkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa k oaha nlfkrå-ne.
Rere kioaitrer uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, feste pkrjuiter. E hkias quk vaoä
rkenhkitk pkrjuitk ea sufoaisolkitk `e pkssae sk tkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, lssa
iïa skrå rkvkne`a.
E Rerk`k ia Oareêïa kste gklte `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es, hes a sufoaisolkitk
då iïa es onesslgloe
onesslgloe oaha ten. Ejare ksses kkhaêûks
haêûks sïa pertk `k uhe Rerk
Rerk`k
`k k sïa
lieokssèvkls etì vaoä pkrjuiter sk kxlstk uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa. Pkh quk oaiskjulr
quk a oarpa hkiten e`hlte quk må uhe Rerk`k, eitks `k pa`kr eoksser es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es quk e orleh. @kpals `k gezkr lssa, es khaêûks eprlslaie`es hels uhe vkz
sk tarieh rkoaimkoèvkls pere a sufoaisolkitk oaha ten, k, parteita sïa vunikråvkls e
skrkh nlfkre`es. Ea nlfkrer uhe par uhe, e Rerk`k vlrå efelxa.
Ì rkenhkitk slhpnks. Rkrjuitk4 „Pkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘. @kpals utlnlze
a tkstk husouner `e sue ksoanme pere aftkr e rkspaste `a oarpa.
Ie hlime kxpkrläiole okroe `k =2% `a pôfnloa kh jkren `erå uh rksunte`a
pasltlva eitk a kxehk `e Rerk`k
Rerk`k ia Oareêïa.
A usa `e penevre „Aounte‘
Uuei`a pkrjuite4 „Pkh uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘ k e rkspaste ì iïa, pa`k
mevkr autra gkiðhkia aoarrki`a. Hultes vkzks, e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa ksterå ie
vkr`e`k ksoai`l`e k iïa vel eperkokr e hkias quk rkenhkitk utlnlzk e penevre „aounte‘
kh sue pkrjuite au eglrheêïa. A afdktlva
a fdktlva `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa ì pratkjkr a oareêïa,
au kh autres penevres, ksoai`kr a oareêïa `equknes oalses quk pa`krleh nmk oeuser
uh `eia khaolaien. Rerkok quk es vkzks e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa sk ksoai`k `khels pere

skr geolnhkitk
pkrjuiter, `ktkote`e, hes sk vaoä user kxprkssehkitk e penevre „aounte‘
`ktkote`e,
eperkokrå. „aounte‘ ea
Rere vkrlgloer ksse passlflnl`e`k,
passlfln l`e`k, slhpnkshkitk eorksokitk e penevre „aounte‘ e
sue pkrjuite au eglrheêïa. Rar kxkhpna, pa`krle pkrjuiter „Pkh uhe Rerk`k Aounte
ia Oareêïa1‘. _k tkh k kstå ksoai`l`a, skrå rkvkne`a.
Ì lhparteitk nkhfrer-sk `kstk oaisknma. Iïa passa `lzkr-tk oah quk
grkqþäiole utlnlzkl e penevre „aounte‘ pere kioaitrer Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa quk iïa
i ïa
skrleh kioaitre`es.
[he Rerk`k Aounte ia Oareêïa iïa ì uh tlpa `lgkrkitk `k Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa. Ì epkies uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa quk ì uh pauoa hels `lgèoln `k kioaitrer.
[he vkz quk a oarpa tkime sk efkrta pere vaoä, pere qukq uk vaoä selfe quk kxlstk
uhe Rerk`k Aounte ia Oareêïa, vaoä pa`k prasskjulr skh user hels e penevre aounte,
par quk iïa kste hels ksoai`l`e.
Kstå praita pere skr nlfkre`a1
[he vkz quk vaoä `ktkrhliau quk må uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, pkrjuitk4
„Ra`khas nlfkrer ejare uhe khaêïa `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘. E Rerk`k `a Oareêïa
 527

kste enl par enjuh hatlva k, kiqueita kh ôntlhe eienlsk, skus kgkltas sïa ikjetlvas
pere e seô`k k fah kster `a li`lvl`ua, enjuhes pkssaes sk kioaitreh kh sltueêûks
kh quk slhpnkshkitk iïa kstïa praites au `lspastes e rkiuioler e pratkêïa ia
hahkita, k vaoä prkolse rkspklter lssa.
_k uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa kste prkskitk, hes aftìh uhe rkspaste ikjetlve
safrk e rkhaêïa, sku peolkitk pa`k qukrkr hk`ler safrk parquk a sufoaisolkitk `å

ksse rkspaste.
oanaoei`a Iïa hkiten
a oarpa ì skjuraâ au då kstïa
prave1 Kh praokssei`a
quenqukr oesa
oesa,enjuhes
, ì hultaautres oalses quk
lhparteitk ksoukstïa
ksouter
ter ea
sufoaisolkitk. Knk sefk a quk ì hknmar pere knks.
_k aftlvkr uhe rkspaste pasltlve pere sue pkrjuite, slhpnkshkitk slje a
hksha praokssa `ksorlta ia oepltuna skls. Rere sue oaivkiläiole, må uh gnuxajrehe
ie pejlie QQQQQQ quk ì kspkolgloe pere nlfkrer Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa.
A Oÿ`lja `e Khaêïa guiolaie `e hkshe heiklre pere nlfkrer khaêûks
eprlslaie`es skdeh knes pertk `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa au iïa. i ïa. Uuei`a pkrjuite
„Ra`khas nlfkrer ejare uhe khaêïa `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘ k aftìh uhe rkspaste
pasltlve, a oarpa hkiten tkh kh hkitk uhe khaêïa kh pertlouner quk kstå `lspasta e
nlfkrer.
Waoä iïa pa`k ksoanmkr quk khaêïa skrå nlfkre`a
nl fkre`a prlhklra3 a sufoaisolkitk
`a sudklta a gerå.
Esslh quk rkokfkr uhe rkspaste pasltlve pere kste pkrjuite, e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e då gal ksoanml`e. Ejare tu`a quk prkolse gezkr ì `ktkrhlier quk khaêïa
kstå ie lhejkh pere oanaoå-na kh kste`a oaisolkitk. L`kitlglquk-e, `ktkrhlik
quenqukr autre ligarheêïa quk a sufoaisolkitk quklre quk e hkitk oaisolkitk selfe
safrk kne k naja nlfkrå-ne.
Ra`k Nkver Pkhpa pere Rraoksser
Oaha kxpnlqukl eitkrlarhkitk, âs vkzks pa`krå nlfkrer ta`es es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es quk oahpûk e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa uhe `kpals `e autre kh uh ôiloa
ksgarêa. Autres vkzks a oarpa nmk pkrhltlrå nlfkrer uh iuhkra nlhlte`a `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es eitks `k prkolser kspkrer uh tkhpa pere praoksser a quk gal nlfkre`a,
prkolsei`a `ks`k pauoes mares etì uh `le au hels eitks `k nlfkrer autre khaêïa.
@kpals `k vkrlgloer e nlfkreêïa `k uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k uhe Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa, slhpnkshkitk vantk e sue pkrjuite arljlien k pkrjuitk4 „Ra`khas nlfkrer
ejare uhe khaêïa `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘. _k e rkspaste ì slh, k tkh tkhpa,
oaitliuk.
_k e rkspaste ì iïa, vaoä pa`k qukrkr vkrlgloer sk tenvkz e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
tkime `kseperkol`a. _k eli`e tkh, pkrjuitk quei`a pa`k nlfkrer e prÿxlhe khaêïa-
madk hels ter`k, kh uhe mare, eheimï, kto...
@ktkrhlier a Hetkrlen `e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa
Nkhfrk-sk quk a sufoaisolkitk ì hulta nÿjloa. [he vkz quk ì heilgkstehkitk
lnÿjloa tkr uhe „Rerk`k‘ gklte `k ie`e, a sufoaisolkitk ksoanmkrå a hetkrlen e Rerk`k
`a Oareêïa skrå gklte.
Ie vkr`e`k, pere nlfkrå-na iïa prkolse sefkr quk sufstæiole ksoanmku a
sufoaisolkitk pere oaistruè-na. Kh ôntlhe eienlsk, ta`es es Rerk`ks `a Oareêïa kstïa
gkltes `k kikrjle `es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k nlfkrer ksses khaêûks eprlslaie`es ì a
quk rkenhkitk lhparte.
Rar autra ne`a, `ktkrhlier a hetkrlen quk gal knklta ì litkrksseitk `kvl`a ea
slhfanlsha quk grkqþkitkhkitk ì rkvkne`a. Iïa må uhe heiklre oarrkte au lioarrkte
 52:

`k pkrjuiter quk hetkrlen gal use`a, hes jkrenhkitk oahkêa pkrjuitei`a sk a

hetkrlen ì he`klre. _k iïa ì he`klre, pkrjuita sk a hetkrlen ì hels `ura au heola
quk he`klre. _k gar hels `ura
` ura quk e he`klre, passa pkrjuiter sk ì gklta `k hkten, kto.
Waoä pa`k nlhltå-na repl`ehkitk usei`a a praokssa `k `k`uêïa k e`qulre ÿtlhe
pretloe utlnlzei`a a tkstk husouner.
_k vaoä `ktkrhliau `k quk hetkrlen kste gklte e Rerk`k `a Oareêïa, vaoä pa`k

qukrkretì
pepkn pkrjuiter quïa kspkssa
hultes hlnmes. Pu`a akne
qukì.passa
E kspkssure
`lzkr ì pa`k verler
quk lssa ì a`ks`k uhe ganme `kia
quk kioaitrehas
tkstk. Iassas sufoaisolkitks iïa sïa nlhlte`as oaha iasses hkitks oaisolkitks k
pa`kh tkr hulte lhejlieêïa! Ia kiteita, eork`lta quk a sufoaisolkitk nkve tu`a
hulta e skrla k rkenhkitk eork`lte quk må uhe Rerk`k enl, gklta `k quenqukr hetkrlen
quk tkime sl`a ksoanml`a.
Hktågares `e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa
[h oesen hels vknma vkla hk vkr. A herl`a kre hulta refujkita, zahfktklra k
frusoa oah sue kspase. Kne perkole uhe enhe jkitln. Ehfas tlimeh Rerk`k ia
Oareêïa. E `knk ksteve gklte `k eêa sÿnl`a, kre grle k `ure
` ure k tlime qulnðhktras `k
kspkssure. E `kne tlime hlnmerks `k oehe`es `k hetkrlen pere oartlie, a quk garikole
uhe fae enhage`e oaitre e pkrsaienl`e`k tÿxloe `a sku herl`a.
[h mahkh jey tlime uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa gklte `k `leheitk sanl`a quk ì a
hetkrlen hels `lgèoln oaimkol`a quk pa`k kxlstlr ieturenhkitk. _kjurehkitk sku
sufoaisolkitk iïa hk pkrhltlu nlfkrer ksse Rerk`k.
Pkima vlsta Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa gklte `k ggnarks,
narks, oafkrtarks, nkiêÿls, tkrre,
pk`re, vkjkteêïa, oaura, vl`ra k ta`a tlpa `k hkten oaha eêa, tltæila, gkrra, esslh
oaha tehfìh hetkrlels pere oaistruêïa oaha traioas, fnaoas `k oaiorkta, tldanas k
esslh suoksslvehkitk.
Hultes vkzks me uhe iatåvkn rkneêïa kitrk e pkrsaienl`e`k `a li`lvl`ua k a
hetkrlen `e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa. Okrte vkz tretkl uh jeratlima quk tlime uhe
Rerk`k ia Oareêïa gklte `k pnåstloa eherkna, oaha skus pkqukias frliquk`as `k
pnåstloa eherkna.
Âs vkzks es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa
Oareêïa tkrïa uhe parte au deikne. Hultes vkzks e
parte ksterå treioe`e k ilijuìh tkh e omevk, kkxokta
xokta a `aia.
Khfare hultes vkzks uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa skde ksgìrloe, pa`k tkr garhe `k
oelxe au quenqukr autre garhe quk passe lhejlier. Âs vkzks tkh far`es egle`es au
pradkêûks ie supkrgèolk pere heitkr es pkssaes egeste`es.
[h davkh perkole lioepez `k gezkr oaiteta oah hunmkrks, epkser `k skr hulta
etrekitk, tlime tu`a ea sku enoeiok k hultes apartuil`e`ks.
@ksoafrl quk e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa ksteve gklte `k uh kspknma uilnetkren,
quk pkrhltle quk knk vlssk, hes iïa pkrhltle quk ilijuìh vlssk a sku litkrlar.
[he vkz tretkl uh hkilia oude kxprkssïa hels oahuh kre „Iïa pasa!‘.
Kioaitrkl k nlfkrkl e Rerk`k kh sku Oareêïa. Ksteve gklte `k uh ôiloa pk`eêa `k
pepkn. _afrk knk ksteveh es penevres „Iïa passa!‘. _kus pels oahkitereh quk `kpals
quk e Rerk`k `k sku Oareêïa gal nlfkre`e knk iuioe hels skitlu quk iïa pa`le gezkr es
oalses k gal hels gknlz k pasltlva. Pehfìh perau `k omarehlijer k `lzkr „Iïa passa!‘.
E Mlstÿrle `k Eiik Marik.
[he hunmkr omehe`e Eiik Marik ksorkvku `k _kettnk pere hk oaiter uhe
iatåvkn kxpkrläiole `k quesk hartk quk tkvk, kne vlu ia gutura pkssaes edu`ei`a
 52=

uhes es autres e tlrer sues Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa. Kh autres penevres, equl kste sue
mlstarle.
Oera @r. Iknsai4
Arljlienhkitk tlvk oaiteta oah sku trefenma quei`a uhe hì`loe equl `k _kettnk
omehe`e Herjukrltk utlnlzau sues tìoiloes pere kqulnlfrer hku oarpa. Ia glien
g lien `e skêïa,
Herjukrltk sk vlrau ia untlha hahkita k `lssk4 „Am, vkdehas sk tkh uhe Rerk`k kh
sku Oareêïa...‘
„A quk ì uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa1‘ genkl. „Iïa kitki`a‘.
K `lssk „Kste fkh. Iïa ì ikokssårla quk selfe a quk ì. Epkies tk kxehlierkl pere
vkr sk tkh uhe.‘.
Kne gkz lssa, hes ku iïa tlime ikimuhe.
Kitïa `lssk4 „Kxehlikhas sk tkh uhe Rerk`k Aounte kh sku Oareêïa‘.
„Pu`a fkh‘, `lssk „Hes a quk ì1‘.
„Kstå fkh‘ `lssk sarrli`a „Waoä iïa prkolse kitki`kr‘.
Kxehliau-hk pere kioaitrer uhe Rerk`k Aounte ia Oareêïa, hes tehfìh iïa
tlime uh `kssks. @kpals hk kxpnloau oaha es khaêûks pa`kh sk par kitrk vaoä k as
`khels ea rk`ar `a sku oareêïa. Uuei`a kioaitre uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa, pesse uh
lhï pknes oastes `e pkssae pere nlfkrer equknes khaêûks k efrlr sku oareêïa.
Iïa pa`le eork`lter ia quk ku ksteve ksoutei`a. Gal oaha sk uh omaquk knìtrloa
hk pkrguressk. @k rkpkitk uh eoaitkolhkita `k vlitk k olioa eias etrås gkz skitl`a. Gal
e rkenlzeêïa `k uh eoaitkolhkita hulta sljilgloetlva quk ku vlvkiolkl quei`a tlime 6?
eias.
Uuei`a ku tlime 6? eias ku harrl. Gal uhe hartk vlankite. Plvk uhe `ksses
kxpkrläioles `k quesk hartk quk quesk 52 hlnmûks `k autres pkssaes tehfìh
kxpkrlhkitereh. Hes quei`a ku tlime 6?, ilijuìh genau safrk lssa. Iuioe tlime
ksoute`a safrk uh tôikn, nuz freioe au enja perkol`a.
Gal uhe kxpkrläiole hulta lhparteitk pere hlh. @klxkl hku oarpa k tlvk uhe
rkvlsïa `e hlime vl`e. Ku kre uhe oalse pkqukie k iïa tlime gklta ie`e pertlounerhkitk
jrei`k au `lvkrtl`a. Hes ksteve
ksteve vantei`a, pere a hku ner, k ia oehlima tlime uhe nuz,
uh tôikn. _kitl oaha sk kstlvksskh puxei`a hku oareêïa pere uh nujer herevlnmasa.
Ikstk hahkita ksteve ra`ke`e par ta`e ksse litknljäiole liete k trkhki`a ehar. _ÿ
qukrle lr pere oese. Gal geitåstloa.
Ku hk vl kioerei`a kssk mahkh ie hlime grkitk- iïa kståvehas ia omïa,
kståvehas epkies gnutuei`a- k `lssk4 „Iïa ì e sue mare‘.
@lssk4 „Hes ku qukra lr pere oese‘.
Egestau-sk `k hlh k pu`k vä-na oaisuntei`a
oaisuntei`a oah autre pkssae, hes sefle a quk
ksteveh `lzki`a. Kitïa `ku e vante k `lssk4 „_lita hulta. Iïa ì e sue mare‘. Hes
eperkitkhkitk knk oaiskjulu pkrhlssïa pere hk hastrer enja a safrk e hlime vl`e.
@k rkpkitk hk `kl oaite `k ai`k kståvehas parquk anmåvehas pere felxa k enl
ksteve e Pkrre. Iÿs kståvehas ie seè`e kh enjuh nujer `a kspeêa. Ra`le vkr e Pkrre
efelxa `k iÿs. Anmehas es Ehìrloes, kspkolgloehkitk e Oaste Akstk `e Ehìrloe `a
Iartk. Anmehas e årke iarakstk, Oanare`a, Pkxes k pere felxa etrevìs `e Oenlgÿrile.
Ejare ku sau `e Wlrjlile k genkol ie Oeranlie `a Iartk. Eas 6? eias, iuioe mevle
mevle
sk qukr seè`a `a kste`a. Kre hulta davkh.
Ru`k vkr hultes pkssaes kh jrupas, âs vkzks kh jrei`ks jrupas `k 62 au ?2
pkssaes, k âs vkzks epkies enjuhes pkssaes
pkssaes duites. Ksteveh kh jrupas
jrupas gezki`a uh
trkliehkita kspkolgloa quk kre festeitk lioahuh. Plime `ues au träs pkssaes duites,
oah uhe pkssae `klte`e safrk uhe hkse au kh pì k autre pkssae quk ksteve pessei`a
enja ie pertk `k trås `e autre.
_efle quk lssa ksteve ia hku gutura quk ku kre uhe `ksses pkssaes. Ru`k
pkrokfkr e skiseêïa `k urjäiole quk knks ksteveh skitli`a. Gal oaha uh daja `k
 52<

iôhkras, tèimehas quk treter a helar iuhkra `k pkssaes passèvkn. Kståvehas kh

epuras, rkenhkitk oarrki`a. Kre hulta, hes hulta lhparteitk. Iïa oaiskjule kitki`kr
fkh a quk ksteve eoaitkoki`a, hes iatkl quk kståvehas vkstl`as `k freioa.
„_ahas kigkrhklras1‘, nmk pkrjuitkl.
@lssk-hk4 „Iïa, iïa sïa kigkrhklras‘.
@lssk4 „Fah, a quk kstehas gezki`a1‘.
„Kstïa efrli`a a oareêïa `es pkssaes‘ `lssk. „Iïa `k uhe h eiklre gèsloe. Kstïa
tlrei`a ta`as as afståounas `k skus oareêûks pere quk passeh `e k rkokfkr ehar e perlr
`equl‘.
Ikstk hahkita es pkssaes quk ksteveh gezki`a kssk trefenma sk tariereh
oaisolkitk uhe `es autres. Iïa gal pneikde`a, iïa gal enjuh tlpa `k oaivkrjäiole
merhðiloe au enja esslh. Epkies eoaitkoku. Glzkha-ias oaisolkitks uis `as autras. Gal
ikssk hahkita quk a sljilgloe`a `kstk trefenma gloau onera pere hlh.
@k rkpkitk uhe oarrkitk `k kikrjle gal kivle`e pere Pkrre `k ai`k ku ksteve par
olhe `e Pkrre. Wle-sk oaha uhe oarrkitk freioe `k kikrjle quk kitreve etrevìs
e trevìs `as
iassas oareêûks efkrtas ies oastes k seèe pkne grkitk `as iassas oareêûks pere a hui`a.
Kståvehas enl, efrli`a as oareêûks `es pkssaes pere quk gasskh eioares pere quk ksse
kikrjle `lvlie pu`kssk enoeiêer e Pkrre.
Kh träs skjui`as, a hui`a ksteve oahpnktehkitk treisgarhe`a par ksse kikrjle.
Ksse nuz pkiktrau kh ta`es es reome`ures k glssures, kh ta`as as nujerks, k iïa mevle
ksourl`ïa ia hui`a, iuioe hels.
E prÿxlhe oalse quk eoaitkoku gal quk as hì`loas
hì`loas hk rkssusoltereh k hk
trauxkreh iavehkitk â vl`e. Hes tu`a fkh parquk quei`a vantkl, rkenhkitk pkiskl quk
tlime uhe hlssïa `k @kus. Ku pkiskl4 „Am, hlime vl`e skrå tïa fae!‘
Fah, hlime vl`e tkh sl`a uh ligkria! Pkitkl tkr ta`as as tlpas `k trkliehkita,
praourei`a par enja quk nljessk e hlime kxpkrläiole
kxpkrläiole `a autra ne`a, pkisei`a4
pkisei`a4 „Fkh,
ai`k kstå1 _k kste ì hlime hlssïa, quei`a vau `ksoafrlr oaha oahkêer1‘
Prefenmkl pere e Gui`eêïa K`jer Oeyok pere Rksqulse k Lnuhlieêïa (K`jer Oeyok
Gaui`etlai gar Vkskerom ei` Kinljmtkihkit). Kstu`kl Gèsloe Uuæitloe par 6; eias. Glz
oursas `k Gèsloe `e Hkitk. Pkima okrtlgloe`a `k trklie`are `k Rrajreheêïa
Ikuranlijþèstloe `k mlpiask. _au jre`ue`e ia Listltuta `k Mkerthetm (MkertHetm). _au
oaisknmklre trklie`e kh `kpki`äiole quèhloe, tkreple `e nlime `a tkhpa k tkreple fåsloe
`k treisgarheêïa.
Ea hksha tkhpa, vkima gezki`a a hku hknmarhknmar pere hknmarer e vl`e `es
pkssaes,
vlsta. hes fusoei`a e oaikxïa kitrk a trefenma
trefenma quk ksteve gezki`a k a quk ku tlime
Heomuqukl-hk ia trefenma kh uh hahkita, resjukl uh nljehkita ies hlies
oastes.
Rar kster heomuoe`e k iïa pa`le hk havkr ku ksteve prk`lspaste e anmer as lhïs
Ilccki. Oahprkl uh slstkhe `k saia k jreêes eas pra`utas Ilccki hk rkoupkrkl
oahpnktehkitk. Kvkituenhkitk, pertlolpkl `k uh kvkita `e Ilccki kh Eiemklh,
Oenlgÿrile arjeilze`a pkne Pkeh @lehai` , k nkhfra `k kster anmei`a ea rk`ar k
pkisei`a4 „Oerehfe, lssa perkok
perkok hulta gehlnler!‘. K `k rkpkitk a `leheitk kiarhk qu
quk
k
ksteveh pradktei`a ie perk`k ie grkitk `k ta`as sk treisgarhau kh uh oareêïa k
oahkêereh e gener safrk a oareêïa k hk `kl oaite quk ksses kreh âs pkssaes quk ksteveh
ie hlime kxpkrläiole `k quesk hartk! Ksses sïa es pkssaes quk ku vl må 6; eias! Hes
oaha efrlhas as oareêûks1 Ai`k kste ksse pkêe `a qukfre-oefkêe1
K kitïa hlime ehlje Herjukrltk ksteve pretloei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks
oahlja, k quei`a kne iahkau e Rerk`k ia Oareêïa k kxpnloau a quk kre, saufk quk
tlime kioaitre`a e rkspaste. K quei`a a @r. Iknsai gene safrk a oareêïa knk tehfìh gez
pertk `e hlime kxpkrläiole `k
`k quesk hartk. _ïa es hkshes penevres!
penevres! Ì enja hlnejrasa. K
 552

sk es pkssaes pkrjuiteh sk lssa ì lhparteitk, par gevar, kitki`eh quk lssa ì hulta
lhparteitk.
Iïa skl sk vaoä då auvlu e tkarle `as 522 heoeoas. Prete-sk `k enoeiêer e hesse
orltloe. Mevle uhe lnme `k heoeoas. As olkitlstes omkjereh k kisliereh uh heoeoa e
never sues fetetes `aoks. @kpals quk 522 `knks eprki`kreh e gezä-na, ta`as as heoeoas `e
lnme sefleh oaha gezkr. As olkitlstes eomeveh quk kre rkenhkitk gesolieitk. Hes lssa kre
sÿ uhe pertk. Naja pkrokfkreh quk esslh quk kssks 522 heoeoas saufkreh oaha gezä-
na, as autras heoeoas eutahetloehkitk tehfìh saufkreh oaha gezä-na. Hes iïa sÿ as
heoeoas `ksse lnme. As heoeoas `es lnmes ea rk`ar tehfìh oahkêereh e never es sues
fetetes `aoks!
Ì oaha `lssk a @r. Iknsai4 e gèsloe quæitloe ias hastre quk e ligarheêïa vlede ia
listeitk. _k as oareêûks `es pkssaes kstïa efkrtas pa`krkhas enoeiêer es hesses oruolels.
@ureitk e hlime kxpkrläiole `k quesk hartk, `lssk ea mahkh quk hk
kioaitrau4 „Hes må epkies hlnmerks `k iÿs‘.
Knk rkspai`ku4 „Hlnmûks vïa auvlr, hes epkies hlnmerks vïa sk nkhfrer‘.
K iÿs sÿ prkolsehas `k hlnmerks. Afrlje`e par hk `er uhe heiklre `k ouhprlr
hlime hlssïa.
-Eiik Marik, Zesmlijtai
Oaitk a Ousta
A prkêa quk pejehas par tkr uhe Rerk`k ia Oareêïa ì lioenounåvkn. Uueites

pkssaes täh nkve`a

skus Oareêûks1 vl`espkssaes
Uueites `ksoaikote`es k sanltårles h
iïa kxpkrlhkitereh
kxpkrlhkitere `kvl`a es Rerk`ks
e enkjrle ea rk`ar
`k kioaitrer `k
a ehar
kh sues vl`es1 Uueites kspases k glnmas gareh efuse`as1
Es Rerk`ks ea rk`ar `a Oareêïa pa`kh nkver e `kprkssïa, ea `lvarola k ea
efusa. As pe`rûks `k efusa quk sïa orle`as pa`kh pesser `k jkreêïa kh jkreêïa,
oeusei`a ta`a tlpa `k `ar k oahpartehkita `kstrutlva.
A rksunte`a `es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa kh uhe ksoene helar nkve e hen-
kitki`l`as, prkoaiokltas, ÿ`la k frutenl`e`k. Kh ksoene jnafen, es Rerk`ks `a
Oareêïa nkveh e nlhpkzes ìtiloes, ieêïa oaitre ieêïa, tkrrarlshas k jukrres.
Ea ta`a, må hulta lsanehkita k vlanäiole, hulte `ar k pkser ikstk hui`a.
Uuei`a oehlima pkne rue vkda teites pkssaes oah es hei`èfunes okrre`e oaha Reune,
au jeratas oah kxprkssïa `k relve k rksskitlhki
rksskitlhkita,ta, rkprkskitei`a sue `ar k
grustreêïa `e heiklre quk pa`kh. Pa`e ialtk es iatloles sïa omkles `k mlstÿrles safrk
pkssaes oudas oareêûks `kvkh kster kitrliomklre
kitrliomklre`as
`as etrås `k gartks perk`ks pere
geêeh a quk gezkh.
E `kprkssïa jkikrenlze`e ì autra kgklta oanetkren oahuh `es Rerk`ks ia
Oareêïa k khaêûks eprlslaie`es. _ÿ ias Kste`as [il`as, kstlhe-sk quk kitrk 5? k 50
hlnmûks `k pkssaes sagrkh `k `kprkssïa. Ì e helar oeuse `k lioepeol`e`k ies
hunmkrks ehkrloeies.
ehkrloeies. Okroe `k 5; par okita `ksses hunmkrks, kkh h untlhe eienlsk,
oahktkreh suloè`la. Kitrk es orleiêes
orleiêes k as davkis- kitrk 52 k 62 eias- a suloè`la ì e
tkroklre oeuse `k hartk. Ea nlfkrer es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k tlrer es Rerk`ks `a
Oareêïa tkhas vlsta oesas `k `kprkssïa skvkre knlhlie`e `k uhe vkz par ta`es.
Pkhas vlsta oesehkitas senvas, efusas oksse`as k vl`es quk hu`ereh
oahpnktehkitk. Iÿs vlhas nli`as rkneolaiehkit
rkneolaiehkitasas eharasas oahkêerkh. Pkhas vlsta
orleiêes gezkrkh ksoanmes hknmarks. Pkhas vlsta e pez ski`a rksteure`e.
Kstau tïa jreta par pa`kr oahpertlnmer a quk eprki`l safrk es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es k es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa k pa`kr par kste ligarheêïa kh kvl`kiole. Iïa I ïa
må `uvl`e ie hlime hkitk `k quk lssa vkh `k olhe k skrvk pere efkiêaer hultes
 555

vl`es ikstks tkhpas quk sïa tïa `lgèokls `k teites heiklres. Hk slita tïa efkiêae`a
ea tkr sl`a oai`uzl`a e `ksoafrlr a hìta`a quk tkh uh kgklta treisgarhe`ar tïa
pa`krasa ie vl`e `es pkssaes. Ì enja khaolaieitk `k gezkr pertk.
_k vaoä tkh uhe Rerk`k ia sku Oareêïa, pa`k vkr quïa lhparteitk ì pere
vaoä `krrufå-ne1 Ra`k vkr e lhpartæiole `k edu`er e skus prÿprlas glnmas k gehènle1
Ra`k vkr quïa treisgarhe`ar skrle sk pu`ìsskhas gezkr a hksha pkna hui`a litklra1

Lhejlie
suglolkitkoaha
pereaorler
hui`auhehu`erå quei`aOaha
hesse orltloe. pu`krhas efrlr a oareêïa
ie kxpkrläiole `k pkssaes
`k quesk hartk `ka Eiik,
tenvkz sÿ hlnmerks `k iÿs skdeh suglolkitk pere edu`er e treisgarher kssk pneikte pere
skhprk. Equknks oudas oareêûks kstkdeh efkrtas skrïa es eioares `ksse kikrjle `lvlie
quk lre treisgarher k ourer a hui`a. Lhejlik.
Ku jasterle `k tkr a pa`kr pere enoeiêer hels pkssaes oah e hkisejkh `kssk
nlvra. _k qulskr oahpertlnmer a quk kste nki`a oah hels enjuìh- uh ehlja prÿxlha,
par kxkhpna- pa`k kivler kssk oepltuna par k-heln4
k -heln4
KnOa`lja`kneKhaolai.oah/nlfrkoepltuna.mth
Ies prÿxlhes `ues pejlies kioaitrerå uh gnuxajrehe pere nlfkrer es Rerk`ks
ia Oareêïa, fkh oaha e Pefkne `es Khaêûks. Ku as oanaqukl ne`a e ne`a pere quk
vaoä passe sk rkgkrlr e knks hels geolnhkitk quei`a kstlvkr usei`a a Oÿ`lja `es
Khaêûks.
_k qulskr gezkr uh `awinae` `k uhe oÿple oahpnkte au lhprlhlr es `ues
pejlies skjulitk, feste vlslter hk
hku
u sltk kh4
KnOa`lja`kneKhaolai.oah/`lejrehe`kgnuda.mth
 556

U[E@VA @K GN[]A @A_ H[VA_ @A OAVEÊÏA

Oahkêe Equl!

RKVJ[IPE4 Pkh (tkima) uh hura(ksoai`l`a) `a oareêïa1

RKVJ[IPE4 Ra`khas (passa) nlfkrer ejare uhe Khaêïa `a Hura

`a Oareêïa1

E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Oanuie E1

@ktkrhlier e E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Oanuie F1

Oanuie Oarrkte

E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne Lhper1

@ktkrhlier e
Glne Oarrkte E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne Rer1
A Oÿ`lja @es
Khaêûks
E khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste ie Glne 5, 6,
Rere as Huras `a
Oareêïa

E khaêïa
uhe euheeprlslaie`e ìQQQQ1(iahklk es khaêûks
uhe
@ktkrhlier e
_k iïa kioaitre e khaêïa eprlslaie`e pkrjuite sk ì
Khaêïa Kxete
mkr`e`e.

Rkrjuites Rkrjuite quei`a aoarrku

Apolaiels
Rkrjuite ai`k kste enade`e

@ksnlzk a Lhï par olhe `e oefkêe etì a glien `es

oastes ?x (52x sk gar khaêûks eprlslaie`es
mkr`e`es)
 Rkrjuite4 „ Nlhpehas ksse Khaêïa 55?
Eprlslaie`e1‘

PEFKNE @K KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_

©622:
Zknnikss Oanuie E Oanuie F
[ihesck`, Lio.
Efei`aia Ksgarêa iïa Vkoaimkol`a
Glne 5
Kijeia Rkie
Oareêïa au
@ksehpera Liskjureiêe
Litkstlia
Rkr`e Enkjrle kh Kxokssa
@knje`a
Ehar iïa Vkokfl`a Wunikreflnl`e`k
Eislk`e`k Greoessa
Glne 6 @kskspkra Lhpatäiole
Feêa au Iada @kskspkreiêe
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Omara Oaigusïa
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Gèje`a au Ounpe Li`kolsïa
Wksèoune ß`la Ræiloa
Vksskitlhkita Pl`e oaha Okrte
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Hk`a Pkrrar
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Muhlnmeêïa _afkrfe
Glne 7 Olôhks Wkrjaime
Jnæi`unes au Iastenjle Omaquk
ßrjïas skxuels Nuxurle Li`ljia
@ksoaisana @ksprkza

E_ WKTK_, E_
E_ HÏA_ VK_
VK_ANWKH
ANWKH [H HL_PVK
HL_PVKLA
LA OAH A U[EN A LIPKNKOPA
N[PA[ KH WÏA.

- OEVN D[IJ

=
_[F_PLP[PA_,
_[F_PLP[PA_, VKRVK_KIPEIPK_ K O[VE E @L_PEIOLE
 550

Lhejlik skr oepez `k nlfkrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k uh skr qukrl`a quk kste
e hlnmerks `k clnahktras `k `lsteiole. Lhejlik skr oepez `k kitrer ia sufoaisolkit
sufoaisolkitkk `k
enjuìh quk kste kh oahe au lioaisolkitk k ikoksslte sue edu`e. Lhejlik skr oepez `k
kxehlier e sku hesoatk pere kioaitrer khaêûks eprlslaie`e sk esslh hknmarer sue
oai`ute. Pu`a lssa k hels ì passèvkn etrevìs `k sues garhes kstki`l`es `a tkstk
husouner, es quels hk rkglra oaha tkstk `k sufstltuta k rkprkskiteitk.
rkprkskiteitk.

A tkstk hels
oahpnkhkitas `k sufstltuta k ahusouner
ôtkls `a tkstk `k rkprkskiteitk sïaKislikl
quk `ksoafrl. pravevknhkitk as `als
e hultes pkssaes e
user kssks hìta`as k esslh pu`kreh utlnlzer a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks kh olrouisteioles
quk `k autre heiklre tkrle sl`a lhpassèvkn.
Epkser `k tkr use`a a tkstk `k sufstltuta k a `k rkprkskiteitk par hultas
eias, eli`e slja hk lhprksslaiei`a oaha guiolaie fkh. Ksse garhe `k tkstk tk `å e
passlflnl`e`k `k kxehlier e pkssaes quk `k autra ha`a iïa skrle passèvkn kxehlier,
esslh oaha tehfìh rkenlzer vkr`e`klre oures e `lsteiole.
Eork`lta quk kstehas kh uhe årke kh quk ta`a oaimkolhkita ` `as tkhpas
pesse`as kstå rkjrkssei`a e tkrre k quk a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks pa`k tkr sl`a pertk
enjuhe vkz `kssk oarpa `k oaimkolhkita.
Kh queita oaitliuehas rkgliei`a iasse oahprkkisïa safrk oaha guiolaie a
hui`a, glzkhas eveiêas liorèvkls kh verles årkes. Oalses quk kreh lioaiokfèvkls ia
pesse`a madk sïa pere ias oahuis.
Rauoa hels `k uh sìouna etrås, sk qukrle oepture e lhejkh `k enjuìh, tlime
quk `kskimå-ne au plitå-ne. Orler uhe vkrsïa oanarl`e, hultes vkzks nkveve hulte tlite
k hultes mares `k ksgarêa. Ejare tu`a quk vaoä prkolse ì `k uhe pkqukie oæhere
`ljlten k uhe greêïa `k skjui`as pere prksslaier a fatïfatïa.
a. Wlslter uh per
perkitk
kitk e 522
ch `k `lsteiole oastuheve skr uhe etlvl`e`k `k uhe skheie litklre. Ejare pa`k lr k
vanter geolnhkitk kh hkla `le.
E terkge kh qukstïa sk tarie hels gåoln quei`a sk tkh e gkrrehkite oarrkte. A
tkstk `k sufstltuta k a `k rkprkskiteitk sïa gkrrehkites
gkrrehkites pa`krases quk pa`kh skr
utlnlze`es pere nlfkrer `k heiklre kgktlve khaêûks eprlslaie`es li`kpki`kitkhkitk
li`kpki`kitkhkitk
`k quen e pkssae ksteve ie sue grkitk au e clnahktras `k `lsteiole.
Rrkskitk `a Oìu
Wkda a tkstk `k sufstltuta k a `k rkprkskiteitk oaha prkskitk `a oìus,
prkskitks quk ias pkrhltkh gezkr uh trefenma lionuslvk saf `ures olrouisteioles.
Rar kxkhpna. _upahas quk tkh uh glnma oah prafnkhe `k relve k suspklte quk
uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e kste kivanvl`e. Oaha pretloer tkstk husouner kh uhe
orleiêe1
_upahas quk sku herl`a kste ia kxtkrlar ia kxkrolta k kste gkrl`a pkne pkr`e
`k uh oahpeimklra. Oaha vaoä pa`k edu`å-na kh skhknmeitk `lsteiole1
_ku oeomarra gloau trlstk, naja epas sku glnma tkr l`a pere e uilvkrsl`e`k. _upûk
quk tkh uhe khaêïa eprls eprlslaie`e
laie`e kivanvl`e, hes oaha pa`k tkrtkr okrtkze1 _ku
eilhenzlima `k kstlheêïa pa`k oahprkki`kr hulta hels `a quk `lz, hes lrå sefkr a
quk sljilgloe ”rkslstäiole
”rkslstäiole‘‘ quei`a nmk geêe a tkstk husouner1 _k gar esslh, par gevar hk
nljuk!
A tkstk `k sufstltuta k a `k rkprkskiteitk tk pkrhltk utlnlzer e enjuìh hels
oaha sufstltuta `e pkssae (au eilhen) quk kste tretei`a `k kxehlier. Ehfas
hìta`as sïa hulta slhpnks k rkqukrk `ues pkssaes, hels e pkssae (au eilhen) a quen
kstk kxehliei`a. Kstks hìta`as `k tkstk `lgkrkh kh quk, kiqueita a tkstk `k
 55;

sufstltuta sk utlnlze pere kxehlier e uhe pkssae e quk iïa ì passèvkn kxehlier hes
quk kstå glsloehkitk prkskitk, a tkstk `k rkprkskiteitk tk pkrhltk kxehlier e uhe
pkssae quk iïa kste prkskitk k quk ie vkr`e`k pa`k kster nltkrenhkitk kh quenqukr
nujer `a hui`a.
A Pkstk `k _ufstltuta
E skjulitk eienajle tk edu`erå e oahprkki`kr oaha guiolaie a Pkstk `k

_ufstltuta.
Hultes jreides pkqukies k sètlas ie Ehkrloe tkh okroes knìtrloes `k felxe
vantejkh ea rk`ar `a je`a ies årkes `k pestejkh. Uuei`a uhe veoe kioaste ia oefa
`e okroe knìtrloe, rkokfk uhe råpl`e `ksoerje. Ksses okroes sïa slhpnks parìh
kgktlves ie mare `k heitkr a je`a e senva `kitra `a oaigliehkita.
Iïa hulta `kpals `e prlhklre okroe knìtrloe pere a je`a gal listene`e, uhes
orleiêes `a sltla, glzkreh uh `ksoafrlhkita litkrksseitk. _k uh `knks taoeve e okroe
knìtrloe, kxpkrlhkiteve e `ksoerje. E nkvk oarrkitk `k knktrlol`e`k etrevìs sku oarpa
kre litkise, hes sue vl`e iïa oarrle rlsoa. _k a hkilia taoei`a e okroe skjure sk e
autra hkilia, `k rkpkitk kssk hkilia kxpkrlhkiteve a `ksoaigarta `e `ksoerje k a
hkilia quk taoeve e okroe... iïa skitle ie`e. Ksteve etuei`a hkrehkitk oaha uh
treishlssar `k knktrlol`e`k oaha uhe kxtkisïa.
E `ksoafkrte iïa `kharau hulta e rkoarrkr es kstre`es ejrèoane. Uuesk ta`as
equknks quk orksokreh kh uhe jreide oah uhe okroe knìtrloe `lrïa quk då tkitereh.
Oaivkrskl oah pkssaes quk nkhfreh mevkr gloe`a ia glien `k uhe naije oe`kle `k
pkssaes k rkokfkr oaitliuehkitk e `ksoerje etì quk pu`kssk ejerrer autre pkssae
pere quk gloessk ia glien `e oe`kle. Guiolaie.
A tkstk `k sufstltuta guiolaie safrk uh prliolpla slhlner. Ra`k pkiser ia
sudklta ie rkenl`e`k oaha a prÿprla erehk, ea vlva. Knk ì a quk tkh e oarrkitk knìtrloe
e quen kste tkitei`a eoksser. Oaha a tkstk `k sufstltuta skhprk utlnlze kh enjuìh
quk kste prkskitk, a sufstltuta slhpnkshkitk taoe a sudklta pere gezkr e oaikxïa. Naja
a tkstk sk rkenlze safrk a sufstltuta, ea livìs `k safrk sudklta.
A tkstk `a sufstltuta ì e rkspaste kh quenqukr sltueêïa ie quen uhe pkssae
kstå glsloehkitk, hes iïa pa`k pretloer a tkstk.
Es rezûks par es quels uhe pkssae iïa pa`k pretloer a tkstk lionukh as
skjulitks paitas4

5 L`e`k, tels oaha, kxehlier uh fkfä, uhe orleiêe pkqukie au uhe pkssae l`ase.

6 Nlhlteêûks gèsloes, oaha gkrl`es, kigkrhl`e`ks, `ar, `kflnl`e`k, `ksl`reteêïa au

pksoaêa `ksenlime`a.

? Rkr`e `k oaisoläiole, oaha kster `arhli`a au kster kh kste`a `k oahe.

0 Lhpasslflnl`e`k `e rezïa `kvl`a å rkter`a hkiten au sk kste edu`ei`a uh eilhen.

Wehas `lzkr
kxehlie`e quk quklre
ikne hkshe pa`kkxehlier uh fkfk.
skr sufstltuta Uuenqukr
`a fkfk. pkssae
Ia oesa quk passe
`k uhe skra
orleiêe,
sufstltuta pa`k skr sue hïk au pel au quenqukr pkssae quk e orleiêe slite-sk oðha`e.
 557

Ì onera, quk sk autre pkssae quk iïa skde uh `k skus pels skrå sufstltuta `e orleiêe,
`kvk esskjurer `k aftkr pkrhlssïa `as pels eitks `k tkiter edu`å-na.
Uuenqukr pkssae quk passe skr kxehlie`e pa`k etuer oaha sufstltute `k
quenqukr autre.
autre.
Omkjukl e oaisl`krer p tkstk `k sufstltuta oaha uh oahpnkhkita
li`lspkisåvkn `a tkstk husouner.

_k aftìis
rkoahki`eêïa uheoanaquk
ì quk rkspasteuh
lioaisolkitk kiqueita
sufstltuta ia kxehlie
hkla k rkenlzk enjuìh,
a tkstk oahhlime
sufstltuta.
Es rkspastes skrïa es hkshes k grkqþkitkh
grkqþkitkhkitk
kitk kioaitrerå quk e utlnlzeêïa `k uh
sufstltuta geolnlterå e `ktkoêïa `es rkspastes quk
qu k kste fusoei`a.
Lrå pkrokfkr quk `ktkrhlie`es
`ktkrhlie`es pkssaes sïa `k enjuhe heiklre hels gåokls `k
kxehlier husounerhkitk quk autres. Rar kxkhpna, hlime kspase Dkei ì fkh gåoln `k
pretloer a tkstk k oaha trefenmehas duitas, oah grkqþäiole e usa oaha sufstltute.
Oaha gezkr a Pkstk `k _ufstltuta
A prlhklra pessa pere gezkr a tkstk `k sufstltuta ì esskjurer quk a hksha
sufstltuta tkime passlflnl`e`k `k skr tkste`a. Gez lssa oaha då kxpnloehas,
slhpnkshkitk geêe oah quk a sufstltuta `ä uhe `konereêïa pasltlve au ikjetlve,
vkr`e`klre au gense skjul`e `a tkstk husouner. [he vkz quk tkime uh sufstltuta quk
passe skr utlnlze`a, prasslje. _lje kssks pessas4

5
Rere gezkr e oaikxïa, a sufstltuta slhpnkshkitk oaoe e hïa `a sudklta.

6 Geêe quk a sudklta `lje sku iahk kh garhe eglrhetl

eglrhetlve4
ve4 „ Hku iahk ìQQQ
ìQQQQQ‘.
QQ‘.
Vkenlzk a tkstk husounerhkitk ia sufstltuta, quk `kvkrle skr rkslstkitk oaha
rksunte`a.

? Naja, geêe a sudklta `lje uhe `konereêïa lioaijrukitk `lzki`a4 „ Hku iahk
ìQQQQ‘. [sei`a quenqukr iahk quk iïa skde a sku.

0 Vkenlzk a tkstk husounerhkitk ia sufstltuta. Ikssk hahkita a sufstltuta `kvkrle

skr `kflnl`e`k oaha rksunte`a. Oesa iïa skde esslh, rkplte a pessa ? etì quk esslh
skde. [he vkz quk a sufstltuta tkh oaha rksunte`a `kflnl`e`k quei`a a sudklta gez
uhe `konereêïa lioaijrukitk, e oaikxïa må sl`a kstefknkol`e k a restrkla pa`k
prasskjulr. (lhejkh `k träs pkssaes, Kxehlie`ar, sufstltuta k sudklta).

[is pauoas skjui`as `kpals a oaiteta gèsloa lilole, a sufstltuta k a sudklta

ksterïa oaikote`as k a tkstk skrå passèvkn. [he vkz quk
q uk e oaikxïa skde gklte, gerå
pkrjuites ea sudklta au gerå quk a sudklta rkenlzk es `konereêûks epraprle`es, hes as
hôsounas kh quk kstå pretloei`a pkrtkiok ea sufstltuta, iïa ea sudklta.
Wkde es pkrjuites `ksorltes ias oepètunas eitkrlarks pere l`kitlgloer k naoenlzer
quenqukr khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Uuenqukr hu`eiêe ie kikrjle quk aoarre `kitra `a
sudklta, lrå gnulr lhk`letehkitk etrevìs `a sufstltuta pere sk gezkr kvl`kitk etrevìs `a
tkstk. Rere nlfkrer uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, pesse a lhe ies oastes `a sudklta, slh ì
passèvkn. _k par enjuh hatlva lssa iïa ì passèvkn, tehfìh lrå guiolaier pesser a lhï
pknes oastes `a sufstltuta, skhprk k quei`a sljeh oaikote`as kikrjktloe
kikrjktloehkitk.
hkitk.
E oaikxïa oah a tkstk `k sufstltuta ì gåoln `k rahpkr. A sufstltuta
slhpnkshkitk `klxe `k taoer a sudklta.
 55:

Pkstk `k _ufstltuta kh Orleiêes

Grkqþkitkhkitk, iïa ì passèvkn rkenlzer a tkstk husounerhkitk ies orleiêes
pkqukies `k heiklre oaiglåvkn. A tkstk `k sufstltuta pravk uhe heiklre slhpnks k
kglolkitk `k aftkr rkspastes quk ikokssltk pere edu`å-nas. Ra`khas mkr`er khaêûks
eprlslaie`es, pa`khas garhå-nes `ureitk iassa tkhpa ia vkitrk hetkria, `ureitk a
iesolhkita, au kh quenqukr hahkita pastkrlar.

(lhejkh
Iïa ì enja`krera
uhequk
orleiêe ski`a iesêeh
es orleiêe etki`l`eoah
oahkhaêûks
sufstltuta).
eprlslaie`es. Kitrkteita ì rera
uhe orleiêe iesêe oah uh Hura `a Oareêïa, hels pa`k pa `k suok`kr.
Es orleiêes sïa prkolases! Ra`k edu`å-na kh hultas oesas slhpnkshkitk
utlnlzei`a uh sufstltuta. A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks guiolaie `e hkshe heiklre pere es
orleiêes oaha ias e`untas. Es orleiêes quk tkh vl`e kstrksseitk k `lgèokls kstïa prì
`lspastas e tkrkh khaêûks eprlslaie`es, hels quenqukr orleiêe pa`k tkr khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, skh lhparter queita ehar rkokfkh au quïa gevaråvkn passe skr a
ehflkitk `k sku ner.
Ies skjulitks pejlies, må uhe `rehåtloe mlstarle safrk oaha edu`au `k
heiklre jrei`lase e rkhavkr
rkhavkr khaêûks eprlslaie`
eprlslaie`es
es `k uhe jeratlime hult
hulta
a
`ksgevarkol`e.
E mlstarle `k Dunlk
Dunlk kre „uh fkfk oreoc‘( oreoc, uh tlpa `k `raje) oah uh `le `k vl`e gal
oanaoe`e felxa ousta`le `k uhe gehènle e`atlve quk tlime e kspkreiêe `k e`atå-ne.
Rarkh skus prafnkhes iïa mevleh eoefe`a. Uuei`a må vl pkne prlhklre vkz eas `als` als
eias k hkla `k l`e`k, mevleh `lejiastloe`a Rerenlsle Okrkfren, Vkter`a Hkiten k Eshe
eju`e. Eli`e pe`kole `k Preistaria `k @ìglolt `k Etkiêïa oah Mlpkretlvl`e`k. _ku
oahpartehkita kre oaha a `k uh eilhen sknvejkh. Ksteve kh uh kste`a `k ejlteêïa
kxtrkhe a tkhpa ta`a, k perkole oaha sk nltkrenhkitk „suflssk pknes perk`ks‘
perk`ks‘ `a hku
oaisuntÿrla sk pu`kssk. Iïa pa`krle frlioer oah frliquk`as au oah autres orleiêes k
iïa pa`le skiter-sk k heitkr-sk qulkte par uh skjui`a. Iïa nmk pa`le `lzkr ie`e.
Plime flrre k ksses `ureveh par mares oe`e vkz. Nmk mevleh litkrie`a par eshe sktk
vkzks kssk häs eitks `k trezä-ne kh hku oaisuntÿrla, nmk mevleh oaikote`a kh
hequlies pre edu`å-ne e rksplrer. _ue hïk e`atlve kre hulta peolkitk oah kne, a quk
hk perkoku hulta e`hlråvkn.
Ea kxehlier e Dunlk etrevìs `k uh sufstltuta, pu`k `ktkrhlier
`ktkrhlier quk tlime uh
Hura `a Oareêïa, ljuen quk autras `kskqulnèfrlas.
Equl kstïa es khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk garheveh a hura `a sku oareêïa, es
quels pa`èehas nlfkrer, uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e par skssïa ea naija `k uh häs.
A Ehar Iïa Vkokfl`a Mkr`e`a `k _ue Hïk Flanÿjloe
„ A ehar iïa rkokfl`a‘ ì uh khaêïa hulta oahuh quk aoarrk quei`a
enjuìh iïa sk skitk ehe`a au quei`a sku ehar par autra ì rkomeêe`a. E hïk `k
Dunlk hkshe sagrle `e khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k ehar iïa rkokfl`a k sk pessau pere Dunlk
ia hahkita quk e oaiokfku.
Oaha saolk`e`k, iasse tki`äiole ieturen ì dunjer es pkssaes oaha e hïk
flanÿjloe `k Dunlk pknas skus vèolas. Anmehas a oahpartehkita kxtkrlar k es pafrks
knklêûks quk es pkssaes oaha kne taheh k tki`khas e hkiasprkzå-nas. Hes, a quk
iïa vkhas ì a livlsèvkn3 e pkie, e `ar k eijustle quk garheh sues prÿprles khaêûks
eprlslaie`es, sku prÿprlas Huras `a Oareêïa. E hïk `k Dunlk tlime skhknmeitk oerje.
A ß`la Mkr`e`a `k sku Rel Flanÿjloa
Flanÿjlo a
 55=

Ra`k skr iuioe selfehas a quk a pel flanÿjloa `k Dunlk etrevkssau kh sue vl`e
quk orlau ÿ`la iknk. Dunlk iuioe oaimkoku e sku pel flanÿjloa, hes ksteve
`kgliltlvehkitk egkte`e pkne sue khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k ÿ`la. Uuei`a es kikrjles
khaolaiels eprlslaie`es pesseh `k jkreêïa kh jkreêïa, litkrgkrkh ie heiklre kh
quk, `k autra ha`a, vlvkrèehas. Es khaêûks ias oai`
oai`uzkh
uzkh e gezkr knklêûks quk
gezkhas. Es khaêûks ias nkveh e treter es pkssae oaha tretehas. Ì passèvkn quk es

khaêûks kh
ounpe`es eprlslaie`es quk `a
garhe perolen sïaefusa
pesse`es `k uhekjkreêïa
jkreolaien pere e prÿxlhe, skdeh
`lsguiolaien1.
E @ar k e Lre `k sue hïk Flanÿjloe
Peita e `ar oaha e lre mevleh gloe`a eprlslaie`as `ureitk a prlhklra trlhkstrk
`a tkhpa `k Dunlk ia ôtkra. Ksses `ues khaêûks kreh e rkeêïa `k sue hïk flanÿjloe
par kster jråvl`e k mevle gloe`a eprlslaie`es kh Dunlk. Ksses kreh es rkspastes quk
rkokfl kiqueita rkenlzeve a tkstk `k sufstltuta e Dunlk.
Eijustle, `kskioaredehkita k Rkser ia Pkroklra Prlhkstrk
Iïa ì lioahuh quk uhe orleiêe `kskivanve khaêûks eprlslaie`e `as
skitlhkitas pragui`as quk sue hïk kxpkrlhkite quei`a kstå jråvl`e `knk. Kioaitrkl
khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k eijôstle, `kskioaredehkita k pkser, ta`es es khaêûks quk
sue hïk skitle `ureitk a tkroklra trlhkstrk. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa pra`uzl`es
hels oahuhkitk ia tkroklra trlhkstrk, hes pa`kh skr orle`es kh quenqukr autra
hahkita `ureitk e jksteêïa.
E `kskspkreiêe `k sue Hïk ia Iesolhkita
E hïk `k Dunlk skitle eperkitkhkitk e khaêïa `k `kskspkreiêe kiqueitakiqueita
kitreve kh trefenma `k perta. Ikssk hahkita Dunlk, eli`e ksteve `kitra `a oarpa `k
sue hïk k `kitra `a sku oehpa `k kikrjle. Uuei`a a oarpa `k sue hïk vlfreve ie
grkqþäiole `k `kskspkreiêe, Dunlk oahkêau e rkssaer ie hkshe grkqþäiole k iesoku
oah kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Li`ljil`e`k, Eutanksïa â uh Eia `k L`e`k
Es khaêûks `k li`ljil`e`k k eutanksïa gareh orle`es par Dunlk hkshe, `kvl`a
quk tlime uhe fejejkis khaolaien eprlslaie`e ejreve`a pkne taxlol`e`k `a efusa `k
`rajes `k sue hïk. _ue hïk e`atlve hk `lssk quk quei`a kne tlime kitaria `k uh
eia oastuheve janpker sue oefkêe oaitre a omïa k perk`ks.
As rksunte`as
@kpals `a tkroklra tretehkita, Dunlk `arhle e ialtk
i altk ta`e k sue rksplreêïa då iïa
sk auvle. Epÿs a querta tretehkita sue eshe `kseperkoku.
Rauoa tkhpa `kpals quk as slitahe `k sue eshe `kseperkokreh, e hïk
e`atlve `k Dunlk rkokfku e vlslte `k sue esslstkitk saolen. E esslstkitk saolen pessau par
vante `k `ues mares oaivkrsei`a oah e hïk e`atlve `k Dunlk k prkkiomki`a e
pepkne`e `k e`aêïa. @ureitk kssk tkhpa ta`a, Dunlk skitau ia omïa k frlioau
treiqulnehkitk oah skus frliquk`as, enja quk iuioe pa`le tkr gklta eitks. E
esslstkitk saolen essahfre`e, pkrjuitau4
pkrjuitau4 „quk hk`loeêïa nmk kste `ei`a1‘. Fktty
rkspai`ku4 „Fah, etuenhkitk iïa kste tahei`a ikimuhe hk`loeêïa‘. Fktty oaite
equl sue mlstarle oah sues prÿprles
p rÿprles penevres.

„ Ias essuhlhas e rkspaiseflnl`e`k `k Dunlk quei`a tlime epkies uh `le `k

vl`e, kre uh fkfk kxpaste e `rajes k pneikdehas e`atå-ne. Ksteve `akitk k e nkvåvehas k
fusoåvehas `a masplten pkna hkias ? au 0 vkzks ea häs oah eshe eju`e, k kst ksteve
eve
oaikote`e e uhe hequlie quk nmk edu`eve e rksplrer, oah prk`ilsaie k autras 6 au ?
 55<

hk`loehkitas pere eshe. Plime perenlsle okrkfren k sku oahpartehkita kre

slhpnkshkitk tkrrèvkn.
Uuei`a kioaitrehas a @r. Iknsai gal etrevìs `k hlime hïk, quk iïa ei`eve
fkh. Epÿs vkr a quïa naijk mevle omkje`a, `kol`lhas nkver Dunlk e knk. Kne gal vkr a @r.
Iknsai par 5? skssûks k quei`a omkjau, mevle kste`a litkrie`e ia masplten par : vkzks
kh `kzkhfra k oaikote`e e hequlie. Gez träs skheies quk iïa tahe ikimuh
hk`loehkita pere eshe k iïa kste oaikote`e e eperknmas pere eshe ikh ie`e. Kste
rkenhkitk fkh. Oehlime hulta hknmar k sku hen oahpartehkita quesk `kseperkoku.
Ejare gene. Uuei`a oahkêehas e trezä-ne, iïaiïa pa`le gener. Gene, oaite k kstå
kstå li`a
hulta, hulta fkh.kstehas hulta setlsgkltas k gknlzks oah as rksunte`as etì ejare. Ì
slhpnkshkitk uh hkilie `lgkrkitk.
`lgkrkitk. Mevèehas omkje`a ea paita quk iïa sefèehas sk
èehas tkrhlier a `le oah kne au iïa, kitrk sue eshe k skus etequks3 pa`le tkr etequks
quk `ureveh par `ues mares k hkle. Ejare pa`k lrrlter-sk hes skh tkr etequks, pa`k
omkjer e omare uh paêa, hes lssa ì tu`a. Kstehas hulta gknlzks k ias skitli`a hulta
fkh!
‟ Fktty V.
Vksunte`as Jretlgloeitks
Dunlk skjulu hknmarei`a k iïa hulta `kpals, as hk`loa e ligarhereh e Fktty
quk ksteveh rkvlsei`a a `lejiastloa `k perenlsle okrkfren k rkter`a hkiten. _ku
oahpartehkita krråtloa k lioaitranåvkn mevle `kseperkol`a
`kseperkol`a k Dunlk kre oaha uhe
pkqukie jeratlime iave.
Iasse kxpkrläiole ì quk hultes qukstûks `k oahpartehkita k seô`k quk es
orleiêes tkh pa`kh skr hknmare`es `k heiklre jrei`k au enlvle`es quei`a sk epnloe
a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks.
Ia oesa `k Dunlk, sku `kskivanvlhkita hkiten k `k sue seô`k mevle tl`a uh
jrei`k lhpeota tehfìh. Iïa passa kxprksser a quïa jretlgloeitk pa`k skr nlfkrer es
orleiêes pkqukies `a epa`krehkita `es kikrjles ikjetlves eprlslaie`es, quk tkh
patkiolen `k gezkr kstrejas kh sues davkis vl`e.
A Pkstk `k _ufstltuta kh Eilhels
A tkstk `k sufstltuta ì e sanuêïa pkrgklte pere eilhels. Hultas eilhels
pa`krleh skr kxehlie`as
kxehlie`as `lrktehkitk - sk pu`ksskh ki kitki`kr
tki`kr oaha pertlolpe
pertlolperr `a
tkstk.! Hels ì hulta hels kgloez oaiskjulr uh sufstltuta kh sku nujer.
@ljehas quk vaoä quklre kxehlier sku oevena. _lhpnkshkitk pkêe ea
sufstltuta pere taoer a oevena. Kh skjul`e `lrkolaik sues pkrjuites pere a oevena
kxehlik a sufstltuta pere aftkr es rkspastes.
Uuei`a kxehlia eilhels,
eilhels, ku skhprk gena oah a eilhen oaha sk gassk uh skr
muheia. A eilhen pa`k iïa kitki`kr es penevres, hes perkokh oaikoter sk oah e
litkiêïa khaolaien quk treishltkh iassas pkisehkitas. Eork`ltk kh hlh, as
eilhels kitki`kh a quk kstehas tkitei`a gezkr par knks. _ue oepeol`e`k `k
oahprkki`kr e litkiêïa muheie pa`k es vkzks lionuslvk kxok`kr e iasse.
A tkstk `k sufstltuta guiolaie kh jetas, oeomarras k ta`as as tlpas `k eilhels.
Må teites mlstarles surprkki`kitks safrk a usa `a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks kh eilhels
quk `k`lqukl a prÿxlha oepltuna ea tkhe.
Kxehlier pkssaes quk kstïa Lioaisolkitks
L ioaisolkitks
A tkstk `k sufstltuta tehfìh passlflnlte kxehlier enjuìh quk kstå
lioaisolkitk au etì kh oahe. Lionuslvk sk e pkssae iïa pa`k `er rkspaste au iïa ì
oepez `k kstefknkokr oaiteta vkrfen, sku sufoaiso
sufoaisolkitk
lkitk eli`e guiolaie3 iuioe `arhk.
Es guiêûks `a oarpa `k
` k uhe pkssae lioaisolkitk skjuk guiolaiei`a. _kjukh
 562

rksplrei`a. _ku oareêïa skjuk fetki`a. A sufoaisolkitk skjuk enkrte `a ehflkitk k

guiolaiei`a pere heitkr es oalses kioehlime`es. Uuei`a gez uhe pkrjuite ea oarpa
hkiten, a sufoaisolkitk sefkrå e rkspaste, hes sk e pkssae kste lioaisolkitk, iïa
pa`krå pertlolper etlvehkitk `a tkstk. Rar oaiskqþäiole, kxehlier etrevìs
etrevìs `
`kk uh
sufstltuta ì e sanuêïa pkrgklte.
A tkstk husouner iïa `kvk skr use`a iuioe kh uhe sltueêïa `k khkrjäiole,

quei`aGeza ORV
uis(rkssuolteêïa
eias quk hkuoer`lapunhaier) skrle uheokrkfren
pel sagrku uh eikurlshe rkspaste hels epraprle`e.
hesslva k oelu kh
oahe. Ksteve pragui`ehkitk prkaoupe`e k qukrle edu`å-na `k enjuhe heiklre.
quei`a Dkei k ku gahas ea masplten vä-na, `ksoafrlhas quk kre lhpassèvkn epraxlher-
sk a suglolkitk pere trefenmer safrk knk `lrktehkitk, `kvl`a e ta`as as tufas k oefas
quk a ra`keveh.
Rk`l e Dkei quk etuessk oaha sufstltute `a hku pel. Epkser `knk kster kh
oahe, pa`èehas eoksser lhk`letehkitk e sku sufoaisolkitk k `ktkrhlier es oalse
quk pa`èehas gezkr pere edu`å-na a hknmar passèvkn, epkser `k tu`a a quk a pkssaen `a
masplten då ksteve gezki`a. Gal uhe kxpkrläiole liksquko
liksqukoèvkn
èvkn quk hk gkz kster
vkr`e`klrehkitk ejre`kol`a
ejre`kol`a pkna prkskitk quk ì a tkstk `k sufstltuta.
Aftkr pkrhlssïa
Nkhfrk- sk quk skhprk ikoksslte pk`lr pkrhlssïa eitks `k trefenmer safrk
enjuìh, skde trefenmei`a safrk enjuìh `lrktehkitk au usei`a a tkstk `k sufstltuta
au a `k
` k rkprkskiteitk
rkprkskiteitk.. Equl tkh enjuis paitas `k skitl`a oahuh safrk `k qukh
aftkr pkrhlssïa kh `lgkrkitks okiårlas.
_udklta quk vel skr Kxehlie`a @k qukh Aftkr Rkrhlssïa
E`unta Oaisolkitk
Oaisolkitk _udklta
E`unta Lioaisolkitk
Lioaisolkitk Gehlnler E`unta he
hels
ls prÿxlha ea _udk
_udklta
lta
Hkiar Rel au tutar `a Hkiar
Eilhen `k Kstlheêïa/
Kstlheêïa/ Hesoatk @aia `a eilhen
A tkstk `k _ufstltuta ì uhe gkrrehkite tïa ôtln quk hk rksuntau li`lspkisåvkn
pere enoeiêer a Hexlha patkiolen `kstk trefenma. Gez quk, a trefenma oah hesoatks,
fkfks, orleiêes pkqukies, pkssaes lioaisolkitks au equknks quk kstïa au oah hulte
`ar au hulta `kflnlte`as pere skrkh kxehlie`as skde slhpnks k gåoln.

Uuei`a sk må oaiok`l`a e A Pkstk eutarl`e`k

enjuìh `k Vkprkskiteitk
pere etuer par enjuìh hels, ias
rkgkrlhas e pkssae eutarlze`e oaha rkprkskite
rkprkskiteitk.
itk. [h rkprkskiteitk ì enjuìh quk
etue oaha uh sufstltuta. Ia tkstk `k rkprkskite
rkprkskiteitk,
itk, a rkprkskite
rkprkskiteitk
itk „sk oaivkrtk‘
`k heiklre tkhparen ie pkssae quk kste ski`a kxehlie`e. Ea oanaoer-sk, knk hksha,
`k heiklre vanuiterle ie paslêïa `k sufstltulr e enjukh hels, uh rkprkskiteitk pa`k
skr kxehlie`a oaha sk gassk a sudklta `k tkstk, pkrhltli`a quk sku oarpa skde use`a
pere fkikgloler a sudklta.
A tkstk `k rkprkskiteitk ì hels ôtln quei`a qukr edu`er e enjuìh quk iïa kste
prkskitk, au quk kste lieokssèvkn par enjuh hatlva. Uuei`a nlfkre es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `k enjuìh e `lsteiole, ì uhe garhe nltkren `k oure rkhate e `lsteiole.
Epkser `k quk e oure rkhate må sl`a lioarpare`e ie Hk`lolie Aol`kiten, e mïa
utlnlze`a teita ie eitljul`e`k oaha ias tkhpas ha`krias par equknks quk pretloeh a
Hìta`a `k _lnve, Uljaij, JuijGu, Vklcl k autres tìoiloes rkspklte`es.
rkspklte`es.
Ourer e Ennlsai ia Depïa
 565

[he vkz trefenmkl oah uh iuhkra `k felnerlies `k uhe ksoane `k `eiêe naoen
prÿxlha e hku oaisuntÿrla. Ennlsai, uhe
u he `es felnerlies quk ksteve tretei`a, gal ea
Depïa `eiêer kh uh jrupa `e @lsikynæi`le. [he ialtk, rkokfle e nljeêïa `e hïk `k
Ennlsai quk ksteve prkaoupe`e. „ @r. Iknsai, tkhas uh jrei`k prafnkhe‘, `lssk. „
Ennlsai heomuoau a que`rln k iïa pa`k `eiêer. _k supûk quk `kvk kster kh uh jrei`k
kspktåouna eheimï. Må enja quk vaoä passe gezkr1

@lssk quk
Depïa. Uuei`a hkqukrle gener oah
oahuilqukl oahEnnlsai, esslh
Ennlsai, hk pessauaaprafnkhe
kne `ksorkvku iuhkra `k `asku
skumatkn iak
que`rln
`lssk quk mevle oahkêe`a e lioaha`er kssk `le k skh hatlva eperkitk k quk tlime
`lgloun`e`k ea oehlimer. @eiêer ia autra `le ksteve gare `k `lsoussïa.
Mevki`a aftl`a pkrhlssïa `e hïk `k Ennlsai pere kxehliå-ne, pk`l Dkei quk
etuere oah rkprkskit
rkprkskiteitk.
eitk.
Epkser `k quk Ennlsai ksteve nltkrenhkitk
nltkrenhkitk `a autra ne`a `e Pkrre, iïa
tlvkhas prafnkhe pere gezkr e oaikxïa.
Ksoanmkhas nljer pere Ennlsai vle tknkgaik ikste sltueêïa pere tkr sue
oaitrlfulêïa, hes ì lhparteitk sefkr quk a tkstk `k rkprkskiteitk pa`k skr rkenlze`a
skh tkr a sudklta ea tknkgaik kiqueita a kxehlie.
E oaikxïa kikrjìtloe kitrk a rkprkskiteitk k a sudklta ì suglolkitk.
E `lsteiole iïa ì uhe ferrklre pere e kikrjle. E kikrjle kstå vkr`e`klrehkitk
kh ta`as as ne`as k kiomk a hui`a k kh vkr`e`k kiomk e lhkisl`e`k `a kspeêa.
Må teite kikrjle ia er kitrk
kitrk as afdktas oaha må ias afdktas hkshas
hkshas.. Oaha e
kikrjle ì oaitliue k kstå prkskitks kh ta`as as ne`as, trefenmer safrk Ennlsai iïa
eprkskitau ikimuhe `lgloun`e`k.
@ksoafrlhas quk Ennlsai tlime `ues khaêûks eprlslaie`es enade`es ias tkol`as
`k sku que`rln. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es tlimeh mevkr oah sue sanl`ïa k eijustle pkne
sue vledkh ea Depïa.
„ _kitk quk iïa qukr kster ia Depïa1‘ pkrjuitkl e Ennlsai pkna tknkgaik.
Oah rknutæiole, e`hltlu quk kre vkr`e`k. „ ì gesolieitk kster equl k ta`a a
`khels‘, `lssk, „ hels slita hulte seu`e`k `e gehènle. _lita gen`e `e hïk k `k hkus
ehljas. _lhpnkshkitk iïa qukra kster equl k ku jasterle `k pa`kr lr pre oese.
Ea pesser uh lhï pknes oastes `k Dkei, nlfkrehas es `ues khaêûks eprlslaie`e
`k Ennlsai.
Epkser quk Ennlsai ksteve
ksteve må hkla hui`a `k `lsteio
`lsteiole
le ia Depïa, as
rksunte`as gareh listeitæikas.
Eitks `k `ksnljer e nljeêïa oah Ennlsai, sue `ar ia que`rln tlime `kseperkol`a
oahpnktehkitk. _uflu ia penoa ia autra `le k `eiêau skh ikimuh prafnkhe.
E kxpkrläiole rkhate `k @arkik
[he peolkitk omehe`e @arkik quls oahpertlnmer kste mlstarle safrk oaha
uhe oure rkhate gal tïa
t ïa kgktlve pere kne oaha sk kstlvkssk kste`a kh pkssae.
Wl ea @r. Iknsai `k heiklre litkrhltkitk ias ôntlhas 52 eias hes au hkias par
vårlas prafnkhes. Mevle kste`a pe`koki`a par vårlas `les `as
`a s slitahes `k mìrile `k
mleta, lionuli`a `ljkstïa nkite k `ar. Ksteve hulta `kprlhl`e k iïa oaiskjule quk
q uk hk
glzksskh ie`e.
Hku herl`a, Vloc k ku kståvehas skite`as kh iassa querta quei`a Vloc `kol`lu
nljer ea @r. Iknsai pere vkr sk mevle enja quk pu`kssk gezkr pere hk edu`er. @ksoafrlu
etrevìs `as tkstks quk hkus slitahes ksteveh ski`a oeuse`as par uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e k e tretau. Rassa `lzkr maikstehkitk quk a enlvla gal listeitæika kiqueita
kståvehas skite`as enl k as slitahes sk gareh `k hlh eitks `k quk e oaivkrse
 566

tkrhliessk. Vkenhkitk rkoahki`a es pkssaes quk sk efreh e kssk tlpa `k tretehkita. Ie

etuenl`e`k må herevlnmasas `ksoafrlhkitas e iasse `lspaslêïa etrevìs `k tretehkitas
rkhatas par pertk `equknk quk sïa kitki`l`as.
- @arkik I.
Oaha gezkr a Pkstk `k Vkprkskiteit
Vkprkskiteitk k
Genkhas `as pessas oaiorktas pere gezkr a tkstk `k rkprkskitei
rkprkskiteitk.
tk.
Rrlhklrehkitk, `kvk aftkr pkrhlssïa `a sudklta kh quk vel rkenlzer a tkstk. Ì
uhe livesïa e prlveol`e`k k iïa ì ìtloa rkenlzer a tkstk e enjuìh skh sue pkrhlssïa.
_upahas quk Vyei Daiks `kskdk quk rkenlzk a tkstk k `kskde skr trete`a. Knk må
`e`a pkrhlssïa e vaoä k e sue ehlje _usei
_usei e gezä-na par hkla `e sue rkprk
rkprkskiteêïa
skiteêïa då
quk knk kste gare `e ol`e`k. _useh sk agkrkoku oaha vanuiterle pere etuer kh iahk
`k Vyei, pkna quen ksterå rkenlzei`a a tkstk kh _usei.

5 Oaha kh quenqukr autra tlpa `k tkstk husouner, `kvk esskjurer quk e pkssae quk
vå etuer oaha rkprkskiteitk passe skr kxehlie`a3 kitïa kh prlhklra nujer,
rkenlzk uh tkstk `k nlime `k fesk safrk a rkprkskiteitk pere kster skjura `lssa.

6 Rere kstefknkokr uhe oaikxïa kikrjìtloe kitrk _usei k Vyei, geêe oah quk _usei
`lje e skj
skjulitk
ulitk eeglrheêïa
glrheêïa44 „ hku iahk ì Vyei Daiks
Daiks‘.
‘. Ejare rkenlzk a tkstk
husouner. Kste eglrheêïa hulta pravevknhkitk aftkrå uhe rkspaste husouner `k

`kflnl`e`k kh uh prlhklra hahkita. Hes e oaikxïa aoarrkrå sk pkrslstlr uh pauoa.

? _lhpnkshkitk geêe oah quk a rkprkskitei

kxkhpna
rkprkskiteitk
tk rkplte ksse eglrheêïa,(ikstk
kxkhpna,, „Hku iahk ì Vyei Daiks‘) uh per `k vkzks hels, oe`e vkz skjul`e `k
uh tkstk husouner. Uueita hels onere skde sue litkiêïa `k sk oaikoter e Vyei k _usei,
hels råpl`a aoarrkrå e oaikxïa. Jkrenhkitk
Jkrenhkitk,`kpals
,`kpals `k enjuhes tkitetlves, gerå e
oaikxïa kikrjìtloe k a tkstk husouner `k rkpkitk skrå rkslstäiole.
Rere oaitliuer oah kssk kxkhpna kh pertlouner, ejare a tkstk `k _usei `erå
rkslstkitk oaha rksute`a quei`a `lje4
„ Hku iahk ì Vyei Daiks‘. _k _usei `lz e eglrheêïa „ Hku iahk ì _usei‘ a rksunte`a
`a tkstk skrå `kflnl`e`k tkhparerlehkitk.
tkhparerlehkitk. _usei ejare kste etuei`a kh iahk `k
Vyei. Ikstk hahkita, tu`a quk sk kxehlie oah _usei oaha e rkprkskiteitk, kh
rkenl`e`k kste ski`a kxehlie`a kh Vyei, par hels naijk quk knk passe kster.
Ì lhparteitk kitki`kr quk quei`a skde gklte e oaikxïa kikrjìtloe kitrk
kitrk a
rkprkskiteitk k a sudklta, e oaikxïa ì hulta rken.
rkprkskiteitk
@k enjuhe heiklre quk iïa kitki`khas, es ikokssl`e`ks `a rkprkskiteitk
sïa `klxe`es `k ne`a tkhparerlehkitk e glh `k edu`er a sudklta.
Uuenqukr pkrjuite quk geêe ea rkprkskiteitk, ejare kste pkrjuitei`a ea
sudklta. Uuenqukr khaêïa
khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk kioa
kioaitrer
itrer ea rkenlzer a tkstk ia
rkprkskiteitk,
rkprkskiteit k, â kste kioaitrei`a kh rkenl`e`k ia oarpa `a sudklta.
Etì quk rahpe e oaikxïa, quenqukr oalse quk `kskdk kxehlier safrk a sudklta,
slhpnkshkitk a ksterå gezki`a safrk a rkprkskiteitk3 es rkspastes skrïa es hkshes.
@kssk hksha ha`a, quenqukr oarrkêïa quk quklre gezkr safrk a sudklta au
quenqukr khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk `kskdk nlfkrer safrk a sudklta, slhpnkshkitk ksterå
rkprkskiteitkk.( lhejkh `a tretehkita rkhata).
rkenlzei`a safrk a rkprkskiteit
Oaha pa`k lhejlier, kste ì uhe gkrrehkite ì hulta ôtln. Iïa sÿ pkrhltk
`ksoafrlr khaêûks eprlslaie`e ia litkrlar `a oarpa `k uhe pkssae e `lstæiole oaha
tehfìh nlfkrer equknes khaêûks `ks`k naijk- k grkqþkitkhkitk, enlvler skus
slitahes lhk`letehkitk.
lhk`letehkitk. Naja quk sk geêe e oaikxïa, pa`k utlnlzer a Oÿ`lja `e
 56?

Khaêïa `a hksha ha`a quk gal eprkskite`a

eprkskite`a eitkrlarhki
eitkrlarhkitk.tk. Gez pkrjuite k
l`kitlgloe quenqukr khaêïa
khaêïa eprlslaie`e ia sudklta, rkenlzei`a nmk a tkstk `k
rkprkskiteitk.
Uuei`a l`kitlgloe uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e rkenlzei`a nmk a tkstk `k
rkprkskiteitk, pa`k nlfkrer slhpnkshkitk oaha sk kstlvkssk oah a sudklta. _ÿ utlnlze
uh lhï safrk a rkprkskiteitk. Nkhfrk-sk quk e kikrjle oaimkok es ferrklres `e

`lsteiole.
esslh skde._ue litkiêïa `k ourer k sue orkiêe kh quk vaoä pa`k gezä-na gezkh quk
Vahpki`a e Oaikxïa
[he vkz quk mede oahpnkte`
oahpnkte`a a kstk praokssa ì hulta lhparteitk „rahpkr e
oaikxïa‘ kitrk a rkprkskiteitk k e pkssae kh quk kste ski`a edu`e`e. _k iïa rahpk
e oaikxïa, e naija preza, a rkprkskite
rkprkskiteitk
itk pa`krle rkenhkitk oahkêer e kxpkrlhkiter
a kste`a khaolaien `e pkssae pere qukh knk ksteve etuei`a oaha rkprkskiteitk.
Kh uhe aoeslïa, knk ksteve usei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks pere edu`er uh
hunmkr quk vlvle kh Onkvknei`. _ue lrhï tlime sl`a hlime peolkitk par uh tkhpa ie
hlime onliloe ie Oenlgÿrile k `k vkz kh quei`a etueve oaha rkprkskiteitk `k sue
lrhï.
[he vkz oahktl a krra `k iïa rahpkr e oaikxïa kitrk es `ues ea glienlzer e
skssïa. Ia `le skjulitk hlime peolkitk rkjrkssau e hku oaisuntÿrla k `lssk4 „Enja iïa
kste fkh. _lita quk kstau hk oaivkrtki`a kh hlime lrhï. Eork`lta quk kstau
skitli`a sues khaêûks. Ì kstreima. Ra`krle eli`e kste oaikote`e e kne1‘
lhk`letehkitk hk `kl oaite `a hku krra, k rahpl e oaikxïa k sk skitlu oaha kne
hkshe iavehkitk.
Uuei`a tkime tkrhlie`a, ejre`kêe e pkssae quk tkime etue`a oaha
rkprkskiteitk. Rere rahpkr e oaikxïa, slhpnkshkitk geêe oah quk a rkprkskiteitk
`lje sku prÿprla iahk k rkenlzk a tkstk husouner etì quk a rksunte`a skde rkslstkitk.
Rar kxkhpna, sk a iahk `a rkprkskiteitk ì _usei, gez oah quk `lje4 „ hku
iahk ì _usei‘ sk a rksunte`a `a tkstk ì `kflnl`e`k, kne eli`e kste oaikote`e ea
sudklta. Ikstk oesa, slhpnkshkitk pk`k pere quk rkplte e eglrheêïa oah sku prÿprla
iahk etì quk a rksunte`a skde rkslstäiole. @ksse heiklre ì oaha sk sefk sk e oaikxïa
sk rahpku. Esslh `k slhpnks.
Enja Kspkolen
_lita quk må enja vkr`e`klrehk
vkr`e`klrehkitk
itk sejre`a k kspkolen safrk e oure utlnlzei`a
uh rkprkskiteitk. Ì surprkki`kitk e heiklre kh quk e hkitk sufoaisolkitk `a
rkprkskiteitkk sufar`lie a ku kh gevar `a sudklta. A oaimkolhkita `k oaha gezkr
rkprkskiteit
lssa, fkh oaha gezkr e oaikxïa e quenqukr `lsteiole, kste litkjre`a e ta`as iÿs.
_khprk hk khaolaie quei`a trefenma oah enjuìh e `lsteiole etrevìs `k uh
rkprkskiteitkk k a sudklta kioaitre uhe hknmare lhk`lete au nlfkre as slitahes.
rkprkskiteit
Kspkra quk vaoä kxpkrlhkitk teita a tkstk `k sufstltuta oaha a `k rkprkskiteitk.
Uuenqukr pkssae pa`k gezä-na, lionuslvk vaoä.
Khfare tkime okrtkze `k quk vaoä pa`k eprki`kr e rkenlzer a tkstk `k
rkprkskiteitkk oðe e pretloe, eoma quk enjuis `k hkus nkltarks kstïa litkrksse`as kh
rkprkskiteit
aftkr iasse edu`e.
_k vaoä kste litkrksse`a kh hlh au kh hlime kqulpk tk etki`krkhas `k
garhe rkhate usei`a a tkstk `k rkprkskitei
rkprkskiteitk,
tk, par gevar vlsltk4
KnOa`lja`kneKhaolai.oahqrkprkskiteitk.mth
 560

Ikstk wkf sltk pa`k gezkr pkrjuites safrk skus prafnkhes pertlounerks, fkh
oaha hels ligarheêûks safk a praokssa `k rkokfkr tretehkita etrevìs `k uh
rkprkskiteitk.
A tkstk `k sufstltuta ì pertlounerhkitk pa`krasa ia oesa `k edu`er sku
hesoatk. Ia prÿxlha oepltuna , ksouterå hulta hels safrk as lhprksslaieitk quk pa`k
skr a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks quei`a sk utlnlze kh eilhels.

A_ EILHEL_ RA@KH OAH[ILOEV-_K H[LPA FKH, K A GETKH, K

JKVENHKIPK _ÏA LJIAVE@A_.
- ENLOK ZENCKV

<
A Oß@LJA @E_ KHAÊÛK_ K A_ EILHEL_

Oaha quenqukr eheitk `k eilhels pa`krle `lzkr quk as eilhels tehfìh täh
skitlhkitas. Knks pa`kh iïa skr oepezks `k gener safrk knks, hes sk afskrver
oahpartehkita `knks k oaimkoä-na repl`ehkitk pa`krïa rkoaimkokr sues sutls
hu`eiêes `k skitlhkitas. Hksha skh penevres
p enevres as eilhels kxprksseh onerehkitk
sues khaêûks. Uuei`a aoarrkh kvkitas khaolaienhkit
khaolaienhkitkk tkrrèvkls, as eilhels pa`kh
sagrkr `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es teita queita es pkssaes.
[h Oevena ì uh Oevena, Onera...
Hlime prlhklre kxpkrläiole tretei`a khaêûks eprlslaie`es kh eilhels
eoaitkoku `k enjuhe garhe par eol`kitk. [h `le rkokfl uh tknkgaikhe `k uhe
peolkitk omehe`e Nli`e, uhe trklie`are `k _ei Duei Oeplstreia. Kne tlime vli`a hk
vkr e uh eia oah uh oesa jrevk `k eshe oah a quen ku e edu`kl, hes kste omehe`e
kre par enja oahpnktehkitk `lgkrkitk.
„Pkima uh kstreima `k pk`l`a k hk pkrjuita sk vaoä pa`k hk edu`er‘ kne
genau. „[h `as hkus oevenas, Veijkr, kste oah uh prafnkhe urliårla grkqþkitk. Präs
vktkrliårlas `lgkrkitks a kxehliereh k ikimuh `knks pð`k `ksoafrlr a quk kstå
krre`a. Rkna quk knks pa`kh `lzkr knk kstå pkrgkltehkitk seu`åvkn.
seu`åvkn. Ia kiteita, kstå
oeusei`a uh prafnkhe tkrrèvkn, iïa sÿ e hlh, hes tehfìh eas `aias `as kståfunas
e`deokitks k eas oevenas tehfìh. _kl quk âs vkzks vaoä trefenme oah eilhels k
rkenhkitk eprkolerle sk vaoä pu`kssk lr ea kståfuna
kståfuna vkr a quk pa`k gezkr‘.
Uuei`a Nli`e vkla hk vkr kh hku oaisuntÿrla pere as skus tretehkitas,
mevèehas gene`a `k iassa ehar hôtua par oevenas. Ku orksol okroe`a par oevenas kh
Haiteie k iuioe pkr`le uhe apartuil`e`k `k ei`er e oevena. Nli`e tlime hk
hastre`a gatas `k quetra au olioa nli`as oevenas quk tlime kh skus kståfunas, hes ku
iuioe tlime l`a nå pere vä-nas.
Ia `le skjulitk vledkl oah Dkei pere as kståfunas `k Nli`e. Kitrehas kh uh
jrei`k k`lgèola rkteijuner oah tknme`a hulta enta quk oafrle okroe `k querkite
oahpertlhkitas `k oevenas kh `ues glnes. Uuei`a omkjehas ea oahpertlhk
oahpertlhkita
ita `k

Veijkr lhk`letehkitk
oaitrerla pu`khas vkr par
`as autras oahpertlhkitas quk Nli`e
erruhe`as ksteve tïa
k nlhpas qukprkaoupe`e oahiaknk. Ea
tèimehas vlsta
 56;

prì`la, e `kstk oevena kre uhe fejuiêe kiomeroe`e då quk ksteve tki`a prafnkhes
pere urlier.
Nli`e trauxk Veijkr pere gare pere quk pu`ìsskhas trefenmer oah knk safrk a
omïa skoa. Dkei sk agkrkoku pere etuer oaha sufstltute k pðs uhe hïa safrk a oevena
skjurei`a a autra freêa kstki`l`a pere quk kne pu`kssk gezkr a tkstk husouner.
@ktkrhliehas quk tlvkssk enja quk ksteve oeusei`a uh `kskqulnèfrla ias rlis3
hes
oeuse`kpals `k rkenlzer a tkstk par enjuis hliutas, iïa tlime l`ìle `k quen pa`le skr e
`a `kskqulnèfrla.
„Rarquk vaoä iïa vkrlgloe sk må enjuhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e1‘ `lssk Dkei.
Ku rl hulta enta. „Vkenlzer a tkstk kh uh oevena pere vkr sk tkh khaêûks
eprlslaie`es1 Lssa ì rkenhkitk hulta kijreêe`a...‘ Iesol k orksol kh Haiteie k tlvk
`als oevenas `lgkrkitks kiqueita orksole. Khfare ku ehk k oul`k fkh `as hkus
oevenas, oaha e helarle `es pkssaes, ku iuioe lhejlikl quk knks pa`krleh sagrkr `k
khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
Dkei anmau pre hlh oah oenhe k rkpktlu4 „Feste gezkr a tkstk k anmer‘. Dk Dkei
ei ì
hulta litultlve k pravevknhkitk ksteve skitli`a e vkr`e`k `a quk ksteve
eoaitkoki`a oah Veijkr.
Esslh quk pkrjuitkl kh vaz ente „Kstk `kskqulnèfrla ì `kvl`a e uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e1‘ k prksslaikl a freêa `k Dkei. E rkspaste gal „_lh‘.
Ea gezkr uh taur pkne lhejkh `es khaêûks, gloehas surprksas ea `ksoafrlr
quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre `k „oaignlta‘. Etrevìs `k uh praokssa `k knlhlieêïa
`ktkrhliehas quk Veijkr sk skitle kh oaignlta par oeuse `k sku rkneolaiehkita oah
autra oevena. Nli`e pa`k oaiglrher quk uh iava oevena tlime sl`a trezl`a pere as
kståfunas ias ôntlhas hksks. Veijkr k kstk iava oevena sk kigrkitereh `ks`k a `le
kh quk sk vlreh k kh enjuhes aoeslûks tlvkreh quk skr skpere`as pere kvlter quk
gkrlsskh uh ea autra. Knks egestereh a iava oevena `a oahpertlhkita `k Veijkr, hes
as `als oevenas eli`e kitreveh kh oaiteta uh oah a autra quesk `lerlehkitk,
hksha quk sÿ `k pessejkh.
p essejkh.
Autras tkstks hastrereh quk kste khaêïa eprlslaie`e mevle sk enade`a kh sku
rlh `lrklta k rkenhkitk kre e oeuse sufdeokitk `a `kskqulnèfrla `a rlh `a Veijkr.
@kpals `k vkrlgloerhas e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, nlfkrkl e khaêïa pessei`a a lhï
pkne pestk ligkrlar `es oastes `k Veijkr. Uuei`a glz a tkstk iavehkitk kh Veijkr
etrevìs `k Dkei gloau onera quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e tlime sl`a nlfkre`e.
E pertlr `kssk hahkita, Veijkr oahkêau e sk rkoupkrer. Uuei`a genkl oah
Nli`e par tknkgaik enjuis `les `kpals, kne hk `lssk quk sku oahpertlhkita ksteve
skoa pkne prlhklre vkz kh hksks. A prafnkhe iuioe eoaitkoku iavehkitk.
Khfare rerehkitk trefenmessk oah eilhels, då quk hlime pråtloe oaislstle
quesk litklrehkitk kh pkssaes, kste kxpkrläiole efrlu uhe `lhkisïa tatenhkitk
iave pere hlh k pa`k skr quk pere vaoä tehfìh.
Prefenmer oah Eilhels
Nlfkrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k uh eilhen ì ksskiolenhkitk a hksha quk
nlfkrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k uh skr muheia. [tlnlzerå e hkshe Pefkne `k
Khaêûks oah a quen vaoä
v aoä då kste gehlnlerlze`a. A ôiloa afståouna psloanÿjloa quk vaoä
pa`k tkr quk supkrer ì quk kstå genei`a `lrktehkitk oah a eilhen, au hknmar, oah a

sufoaisolkitk
quesk a hksha.`a eilhen, ea livìs `a sufoaisolkitk `k uhe pkssae. Pa`a a rksta ì
 567

5 Oaha ksterå utlnlzei`a uh sufstltuta pere rkenlzer a tkstk ia eilhen, geêe uh tkstk
fåsloa ia sufstltuta pere tkr okrtkze quk knk pa`k skr tkste`a.

6 A sufstltuta oanaoerå e hïa ia eilhen k heitkrå a autra freêa kstki`l`a pere

quk skde utlnlze`a ia tkstk husouner. Kitïa a kxehlie`ar sk okrtlgloerå quk a
eilhen k a sufstltuta kstïa oaikote`as gezki`a uhe pkrjuite slhpnks ea eilhen.
Rar kxkhpna,
pkrjuiter sk kste „_ku
ea eilhen trefenmei`a
iahk ì oah uh oevena k a iahk `knk ì „Fuoc‘ pa`k
Fuoc1‘.

? Geêe a tkstk husouner ia sufstltuta k quei`a a rksunte`a `a tkstk ì gartk

quei`a pkrjuites oaijrukitks sïa `lrkolaie`es ea eilhen k greoes quei`a
pkrjuites lioaijrukitks
lioaijrukitks sïa `lrkolaie`es ea eil
eilhen,
hen, e oaikxïa kste gklt
gklte.
e.
[he vkz quk kstefknkol`e e oaikxïa kikrjìtloe pa`k rkenlzer a tkstk ia
sufstltuta pere aftkr es rkspastes oaha sk kstlvkssk rkenlzei`a kh uh skr
muheia. Rere ta`as as kgkltas pråtloas, iïa må `lgkrkiêe.
_ue prlhklre kxpkrläiole rkenlzei`a a tkstk pere uh eilhen pa`k rkenhkitk
surprkki`ä-na. @k rkpkitk efrlr uhe nlime `k oahuiloeêïa oah uh eilhen ì uhe
kxpkrläiole gesolieitk quk kstk sk havki`a grkqþkitkhk
grkqþkitkhkitk.
itk.
Pwljjs ì Oepture`a
[h pkqukia Nmese Epsa omehe`a Pwljjs ì uh kxkhpna pkrgklta. _kus `aias,
Frktt k Oetmy hk oaitereh sue mlstarle quei`a a trauxkreh.
Enjuis hksks eitks, ta`as oehlimeveh duitas ea pì `es haiteimes prÿxlhes
`k _ei Duei Oeplstreia. Pwljjs quk ksteve hulta liqulkta k e`areve kxpnarer, tlime
trate`a e trlnme okroe `k ;2 au 72 pìs ie grkitk `knks. @k rkpkitk a sussurra `es ganmes
gal auvl`a k uh oalatk eperkoku `a heta ie kstre`e. [h listeitk `kpals, a oalatk
ksoepeve oah Pwljjs ie hei`èfune. Frktt k Oetmy quesk iïa tlvkreh tkhpa `k sk
havkr eitks quk knk a nkvessk. _kjulreh a oalatk etrevìs `es årvarks, hes iïa mevle
ie`e quk pu`ksskh gezkr.
@k vante pere oese, oah skus oareêûks pertl`as, rksljiereh-sk â pkr`e `a sku
oeomarra. Knks eli`e ksteveh `k nuta quei`a, quetra `les `kpals, Pwljjs eperkoku ie
parte `k sue oese. Knk ksteve nå, trkhki`a, oah a pkna khereime`a k seijrei`a, gknlz
par kster kh oese. Knks lhk`letehkitk a nkvereh ea vktkrliårla, ai`k knk oasturau
sues gkrl`es, nmk `ku eitlflÿtloas k senvau sue vl`e.
„Gal uh hlnejrk‘, `lssk Oetmy, kiqueita skjureve oaigartevkn
oaigartevknhkitk
hkitk Pwljjs kh
skus freêas. „Gloehas tïa enlvle`as!‘.
„Kitïa quen skrle a prafnkhe1‘ pkrjuitkl.
„_ÿ quk knk iïa ì hels a hksha oeomarra,‘ kxpnloau Frktt.
„Knk iuioe netk au pkrskjuk ie`e. Rerkok tkr pkr`l`a a litkrkssk pkne vl`e.‘
„Knk trkhk a tkhpa ta`a‘ `lssk Oetmy, nkveitei`a Pwljjs pere quk ku pu`kssk
vkr a queita ksteve trkhki`a.
„A vktkrliårla `lssk quk pa`k tkr `eias ikuranÿjloas.‘ Eorksokitau Frktt.
„@lssk quk iïa må ie`e quk knk passe gezkr. Rravevknhki
Rravevknhkitktk ì pkrheikitk‘.
pkrheikitk‘.
Oetmy epalau Pwljjs safrk e hkse pere quk ku pu`kssk kxehlier. Wkrlglqukl sk
tlime enjuh `ksvla ie oanuie. Oaha kspkre`a, kioaitrkl enjuis k as oarrljl.

„A prafnkhe
seorlgloå-na..
seorlgloå-na...‘.
.‘. ì,‘ `lssk Oetmy „quk kstehas ias pkrjuitei`a sk `kvkrèehas
 56:

„_ue quenl`e`k `k vl`e då iïa ì fae‘ `lssk Frktt „Iuioe netk au oarrk oaha
oastuheve gezkr. Pkhas quk nkvå-na pere ta`a ne`a. _ue ourlasl`e`k `kseperkoku.
Rerkok quk kste sagrki`a a tkhpa ta`a.‘
Pa`as anmereh pere Pwljjs, skite`a kh uhe heoe, trkhki`a, oah uh anmer
trlstk k essuste`a.
_ÿ pa`le lhejlier a tkrrar quk `kvle tkr kxpkrlhkita quei`a gal eteoe`a k
nkve`a, k `kol`l
@kpals `k aftkr quk kre pravåvkn
pkrhlssïa quk
`k Frktt kstlvkssk
k Oetmy, nmkssagrki`a `kquk
kxpnlqukl uhea khaêïa
tkstk `k eprlslaie`e.
sufstltuta k
pk`l quk enjuh `knks etuessk oaha sufstltuta pere Pwljjs.
Uuei`a pkrjuitkl sk tlime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e, e rkspaste gal „_lh‘.
Rrksuhl quk e khaêïa gassk tkrrar au hk`a. Ea rk`uzlr e nlste `k khaêûks, a quk
eperkoku gal surprkki`kitk. E khaêïa quk kiomku e enhe k a oareêïa `kstk pkqukia
oeomarra ia hahkita kh quk a oalatk a nkveve, iïa kre `k tkrrar au quenqukr oalse
esslh. Gal trlstkze.
Kiqueita kre nkve`a ies hei`èfunes `a oalatk, tu`a kh quk Pwljjs pa`le
pkiser kre quk knk iuioe hels vkrle Frktt k Oetmy iavehkitk, kssk pkisehkita a
kiomku `k trlstkze.
[he vkz quk l`kitlglqukl e khaêïa eprlslaie`e, repl`ehkit
repl`ehkitkk e nlfkrkl oah uh
lhï k a tretehkita tkrhliau.
Uuei`a ku oanaqukl Pwljjs ia omïa, selu oaha uhe fene! Oarrku pkna oarrk`ar
k kitrau ie sene `k kspkre. Uuei`a mevle kitre`a pkne prlhklre vkz iksse sene, ias
freêas `k Oetmy, ksteve trkhki`a teita quk perkole quk iïa tlime vlsta ikimuhe `es
pkssaes quk ksteveh enl. Ejare, ouhprlhkiteve oe`e peolkitk oah hultas netl`as
ejre`åvkls k seu`åvkls. Kitïa knk oarrku pkna oarrk`ar k kiglau e oefkêe kh oe`e
querta, netli`a pkna hkias uhe vkz, eitks `k glienhkitk tkrhlier grkitk â Frktt k
Oetmy efeiei`a sku refa enkjrkhkitk.
Gal uhe treisgarheêïa listeitæike surprkki
surprkki`kitk.
`kitk. Gloehas etur`l`as k
oahavl`as oah kste oure hlnejrase. @k eoar`a oah skus `aias, Pwljjs perau `k
trkhkr e pertlr `equknk hahkita k sue pkrsaienl`e`k
p krsaienl`e`k kioeite`are
kioeite`are k liqulsltlve
vantau.
E oalse herevlnmase safrk gezkr a tkstk kh fusoe `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es ias
eilhels ì quk a quk vaoä vä ì a quk vaoä aftìh. As eilhels iïa glijkh sk skitlr
hknmar sÿ pere tk gezkr
g ezkr gknlz. Enjuhes vkzks a kgklta ì lhk`leta k festeitk pragui`a.
Pwljjs perkole sefkr quk kståvehas tkitei`a edu`å-na. K quei`a `k rkpkitk sk
skitlu hknmar, e hu`eiêe gal afvle pere ta`as!
A Oahpartehkita Prevkssa `k Frei`y
[he ialtk gahas vlslter uis ehljas kh sue oese. Gul „seu`e`a‘ pkna sku oïa
Frei`y `k uhe heiklre kitusleshe`e k uh teita afsokie.
„Am, slita hulta!‘ `lssk _clp. „Pa`e vkz quk tkhas vlsltes, knk sk eprksse k
oahkêe e ejerrer sues pkries! Ì rkenhkitk vkrjaimasa k iïa må ie`e quk passehas
gezkr pere quk lssa perk, kitïa par glh `kol`lhas prki`ä-na nå gare quei`a tkhas
vlsltes. Iïa ias `khas oaite quk vaoäs leh pesser par equl, `a oaitrerla tkrèehas a
prki`l`a ia der`lh.‘
Uuei`a ias skitehas oah knks iasse oaivkrse hu`au repl`ehkitk pere

autras
oah uhtkhes, hes `k ai`k ku ksteve pa`le vkr a pafrk Frei`y `a autra ne`a `a vl`ra,
anmer trlstk.
 56=

Wantei`a e oaivkrse safrk Frei`y, nmks `lssk quk uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e
pa`le skr e oeuse `k sku oahpartehkita kstreima.
kstreima. Iïa tlimeh auv
auvl`a
l`a gener `k enja
esslh eitks, hes knks oaigleveh kh hlh k ksteveh `lspastas e hk `klxer vkrlgloer
Frei`y.
Iïa `kharau hulta tkhpa pere `ktkrhlier quk hku penpltk ksteve oarrkta. E
khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k Frei`y kre pragui`e trlstkze, k equl kste oaha lssa eoaitkoku.

tlimeh Enkve`a
gehènleFrei`y
tlime rkokitkhkitk oahpre`a
ia feioa `k trås, hes iïauh efrlja ies
supartau haiteimes.
e naije vlejkh. Ia oahkêa,
Oaitliueve
sk skitli`a kidae`a k vahltau ia oerra. Naja knks oahkêereh e `klxå-na kh oese.
Frei`y gloau hulta kxolte`a afskrvei`a kiqueita knks khpeoateveh sues oalses, k
kitïa, pertlreh skh knk. Frei`y ksteve eijustle`a k iïa oaiskjule kitki`kr par quk
knk gloau `k gare quei`a qukrle hulta lr k gloer oah knks.
Gal quei`a a prafnkhe oahkêau. Knks iïa tlimeh tl`a ikimuh prafnkhe oah
Frei`y eitks, hes `k rkpkitk knk ksteve `lgkrkitk k quei`a uh mÿspk`k omkjau kh
sue oese, knk oarrku k ejerrau sue pkrie, pere a `ksjasta `k ta`as. Eperkitkhkit
Eperkitkhkitkk
knk iïa pa`le kxprksser sue `ar `k autre heiklre.
[he vkz quk nlhpehas ksse khaêïa eprlslaie`e, kssk oahpartehkita
oahpartehkita perau
oahpnktehkitk. E gehènle eli`e iïa nkveve Frei`y pere a efrlja, hes pkna hkias knk
ksteve `kitra `k oese kh tkhpa litkjren iavehkitk.
Faagy A Jeta Rereiÿloa
A kxtrear`liårla iksse mlstÿrle iïa ì teita a quk eoaitkoku oah a jeta, hes e
garhe oaha uhe davkh hunmkr `ksoafrlu sku prÿprla `ah k kioaitrau uhe iave
`lrkêïa pere sue vl`e.
@kpals quk hlime ehlje, Oyrkie, k ku tkrhliehas a skhliårla `k `als `les `a
@r. Iknsai safrk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es, kståvehas eislases pere tkster iassa iava
oaimkolhkita. Uuei`a vantehas pere hlime oese, kioaitrehas
kioai trehas a hku jeta `arhli`a
safrk a sagå k pkisehas4 „Eme! Iasse prlhklre vltlhe!‘.
Faagy kre uh jeta `k rue quk iasse gehènle e`atau quei`a tlime okroe `k uh eia
`k l`e`k. Iÿs oul`ehas fkh `knk, k etì oanaoehas uh oaner oah omaoenma, pere quk
iïa sk pkr`kssk iavehkitk. @ureitk uh häs tkitehas kioaitrer skus `aias, hes oaha
iïa oaiskjulhas, `kol`lhas gloer oah knk, pals sk oahparteve hulta fkh.
Khfare gassk skhprk hulta ejre`åvkn oaiasoa, Faagy tlime uh hk`a tkrrèvkn `k
kstreimas.
helarle `asKh vkz perkole
jetas, `k sk ksgrkjer oaitre
quk Faagy vleesta`as
pkries
as kh fusoe `k
kstreimas etkiêïa,
oaha oaha gezkh
uhe ehkeêe. _k e
enjuìh quk Faagy iïa oaimkole kitressk ie sene, knk gloeve tkisa k gujle.
[sei`a-hk oaha sufstltuta, tkstkl Faagy kh fusoe `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
Oaha suspkltåvehas, e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre hk`a. [he vkz quk nlhpehas e khaêïa
eprlslaie`e pessei`a a Hejfay ea naija `k sues oastes, Faagy sk vlrau pere oaêer e
ferrlje, hes ie`e hels eoaitkoku kh pertlouner.
Enjuis `les `kpals, quei`a enjuìh vlimevlime ias vlslter, iatehas quk knk iïa oarrku.
@k geta, quei`a quenqukr pkssae kitreve ie sene ejare Faagy sk oahparteve oaha
quenqukr autra jeta, âs vkzks sufle kh fusoe `k hlhas k etkiêïa.
Jreêes ea trkliehkita `a @r. Iknsai, `ksoafrl quk jasta `k trefenmer oah
eilhels. @ksoafrl lionuslvk quk tkima uhe oepeol`e`k kspkolen pere trefenmer oah knks.
[tlnlzei`a a eutatkstk, passa l`kitlgloer repl`ehkitk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es k nlhpå-
nes. Ejare tkima hku prÿprla ikjaola `k tkreple pere eilhels k passa vkr es hu`eiêes
iatåvkls quk aoarrkh ias eilhels usei`a A Oÿ`lja `e Khaêïa.
-Cetrlie F., Zesmlijtai
Glnmatks Efei`aie`as
 56<

Vkokfl autre oahavkitk oerte `k Cetrlie, quk sk tariau hulta oahpktkitk ia

usa `a Oÿ`lja `e Khaêïa oah Eilhels.
Eia pesse`a, rkokfl uh tknkgaikhe `k uh `as hkus ehljas hk pkrjuitei`a
pkrjuitei`a sk
pa`krleh pkjer uh `as iassas feroas khprkste`a. Knks ksteveh kh perquk prlve`a ia
rla _tlnnejuehlsm quei`a auvlreh glnmatks omarehlijei`a. @kpals `k anmer ea rk`ar,
vlreh as glnmatks ia pkimesoa `a autra ne`a `a rla, egui`e`as kh uh pkqukia feioa `k
erkle. Hlime ehlje tkhle quk e prÿxlhe tkhpkste`k glzkssk a rla orksokr k egajessk as
glnmatks, kitïa prkolseve `a hku feroa pere rksjetå-nas.
Hku lrhïa Fkh k ku nkvehas iassa feroa ea perquk k rksjetehas as glnmatks.
[h då mevle harrl`a, hes nkvehas as autras quetra oaiasoa pere oese. Knks kreh nli`as
glnmatks prktas oah heiomes freioes, uhe hlsture `k plt funn k pestar enkhïa.
[h `knks iïa oaiskjule perer `k trkhkr, hksha quei`a ku a ooanaqukl
anaqukl uh
oafkrtar k a skjurkl ea hku ne`a. Ku sefle quk iïa ksteve oah grla, ksteve kh omaquk.
Hes pkjukl hlime tefkne `es khaêûks k oahkokl e rkenlzer a tkstk kh fusoe `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es, utlnlzei`a-hk oaha sufstltuta. Es prliolpels khaêûks eprlslaie`es `a
glnmatk kreh tkrrar, omaquk, hk`a, trelêïa k efei`aia.
Kiqueita trefenmeve oah a glnmatk, pkrjuitei`a safrk a quk tlime pesse`a k
kxehliei`a-hk pere aftkr es rkspastes, `ksoafrl quk as glnmatks mevleh sl`a
`knlfkre`ehkitk efei`aie`as k `klxe`as enl pere `k egajerkh.
eg ajerkh. Ì gåoln kitki`kr oaha
lssa skrle tkrrèvkn! Oul`e`asehkitk nlhpkl es khaêûks eprlslaie`es `a glnmatk k oaiglrhkl
quk knes@kpals
tlimeh`kl`ahkle
khfare.
mare `k trefenma, a glnmatk perau `k trkhkr k sk eoenhau.
Khfare ku kstlvkssk gknlz skjurei`a knk kirane`a ia oafkrtar, knk qukrle nkveiter k
frlioer.
_efki`a a treuhe quk kssks glnmatks tlimeh pesse`a, tehfìh nlhpkl es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es `as autras glnmatks. Uukrle tkr okrtkze `k quk oahkêerleh hknmar oah es
gehènles quk as e`aterleh quei`a as nkvåsskhas pere uh efrlja `k eilhels. A oeiln iïa
tkvk ikimuh prafnkhe kh kioaitrer faes oeses pere knks.
-Cerlie F.
E Prlstkze `k [h Oevena
@kpals `k tkr trefenme`a oah Veijkr, e iatlole sk kspenmau safrk e hlime
efar`ejkh lioahuh pere a tretehkita `k eilhels. [he `aie `k oese hk pkrjuitau
sk ku pa`le lr vkr sku oevena, Wenleit, quk ksteve tki`a `lgloun`e`k
` lgloun`e`k oah sue garhe `k
ei`er au uh pe`rïa `k oahpartehkita kspkoèglo
kspkoègloaa ias havlhkitas `k sue pkrie.
Wenleit kre uh oevena knkjeitk utlnlze`a pere `ahkstloer oevenas, uh
trkliehkita pertlouner kh quk a oevena eprki`k e skjulr havlhkitas hulta
kspkoègloas `a oevenklra. Oah uhe herome eiarhen, ì lhpassèvkn uh oevena trefenmer,
kitïa a trkliehkita `k Wenleit gal litkrrahpl`a. [h vktkrliårla tlime vlsta a oevena,
hes iïa oaiskjulu kioaitrer ie`e glsloehkitk krre`a, kitïa Cerne, e `aie `a oevena
pk`lu e hlime edu`e.
Hlime omkje`e eas kståfunas oeusau uh pauoa `k ejlteêïa. As praprlktårlas,
as trklie`arks `k oevenas k as edu`eitks `a kståfuna ksteveh ourlasas pere vkr ksse
iave tìoiloe quk supastehkitk nlfkrteve as oevenas `e sue fejejkh khaolaien. [he
pkqukie huntl`ïa sk rkuilu ea rk`ar `a kståfuna kiqueita ku trefenmeve. Rk`l quk
enjuìh gassk a sufstltuta k uhe oevenklre omehe`e Hknlsse sk agkrkoku.
Kiqueita rkenlzeve as tkstks kh Wenleit etrevìs `k Hknlsse, naja kioaitrkl e
rezïa `a prafnkhe `k sue herome. Plime uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e quk ksteve
`kskqulnlfrei`a sue pertk tresklre.
Hels kvl`kioles rkvknereh quk e khaêïa eprlslaie`e kre trlstkze.
 5?2

„Kste trlstkze ì par autra oevena1‘ pkrjuitkl. A freêa `k Hknlsse gloau greoa, a
quk sljilgloeve quk „Iïa‘.
„Ksse trlstkze ì par uh skr muheia1‘. _ku freêa gloau greoa `k iava „Iïa‘
„Ksse trlstkze ì par uh oeomarra1‘ „Iïa‘
„Rar uh jeta1‘ „Iïa‘
_efki`a quk lssa pa`le hk edu`er e `ksoafrlr, e ieturkze `ksse trlstkze, hes
gloei`a skh„Ksse
pkrjuitkl4 passlflnl`e`ks, oaitliukl
trlstkze ì par lislstli`a.
uh ksqulna1‘ „Iïa‘Uuei`a vl uh ksqulna par pkrta
„Ksse trlstkze ì par uh påssera1‘. Ikstk hahkita a freêa `k Hknlsse hk `ku
uh gartk rksunte`a li`loei`a uh „_lh‘.
[h oevena skitli`a trlstkze par uh påssera1 Lssa `k enjuhe garhe hk perkoku
hulta kijreêe`a k oahkokl e rlr, duita oah as autras. Lssa rkenhkitk kre likspkre`a.
@k rkpkitk Cerne, e `aie `a oevena, genau4 „Kspkrkh uh hahkita. Ku eoma
quk skl `a quk sk trete‘.
Ru`k vkr pkne kxprkssïa `k sku rasta quk ksteve genei`a skrla.
skrla. „Ie skheie
pesse`e,‘ kne `lssk „uh pahfa oelu `a sku ilima ie rue, fkh kh grkitk ea
oahpertlhkita `k Wenleit. A pesserlima nutau pkne sue vl`e par p ar uh tkhpa, hes
eoefau harrki`a‘.
„Ksse trlstkze ì safrk a pahfa quk harrku1‘ pkrjuitkl e Wenleit etrevìs `k
Hknlsse. E rkspaste gal „_lh‘.
Wenleit `kvk tkr vlsta tu`a. Kiqueita kstk pahfa nuteve kh vïa pkne sue vl`e
k eoefau harrki`a, Wenleit skitle uhe trlstkze ksheje`are k garhau uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e, e quen ksteve `kskqulnlfrei`a sue pertk tresklre k egktei`a sue garhe
`k ei`er.
Ressei`a uh lhï pknes sues oastes, nlfkrkl e khaêïa eprlslaie`e. Cerne a
oai`uzlu pere gare `a kståfuna k a gkz oehlimer. K qukh `lrle1 A prafnkhe ia
oehlimer `k Wenleit `k rkpkitk `kseperkoku, duita oah e khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k
trlstkze pkna pahfa.
Liorèvkls mlstÿrles safrk Oevenas
Iassas glnmas ksteveh tki`a eunes `k kqulteêïa kh uh perquk kqþkstrk naoen k
eoefehas tretei`a as oevenas `a `aia kh fusoe `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Equl a
`aia oaite e mlstÿrle.
Ku tkima pertlolpe`a `k trkliehkita `k oevenas k ei`e`a iknks `ks`k quk tlime
quetarzk eias. Ejare ku passua k apkra kh uhe listeneêïa kqukstrk. Ku rkjunerhkitk
pertlolpa `k oahpktlêûks `e Ietlaien Vklilij Marsk Essaoletlai par ta`a a peès.
Oaimkol a @r. Iknsai k sue kspase Dkei må hels au hkias uh eia k tlvk a
prlvlnkjla `k trefenmerkh kh enjuis `as hkus oevenas, oah rksunte`as surprkki`kitks, k
jasterle `k oahpertlnmer oah vaoäs a quk vl.
Pa`as as hkus oevenas sïa `e reêe querta `k hlnme k sïa oaisl`kre`as oevenas `k
je`a kqþlia.
[h `as hkus oevenas gevarltas ì Ikwt. Ejare tkh 50 eias k gal epaskite`a må ;
eias, a quk ì hulta lioahuh pere uh oevena, hes Ikwt tkh enjuis prafnkhes. Okroe
`k uis 52 eias etrås, Ikwt `arhlu kh uh garhljuklra k gal har`l`a rkpktl`ehkitk par
garhljes kh uhe jrei`k årke `k pknk eolhe `e sue tresklre ksqukr`e. @kpals `k enjuis
`les ta`a a pkna `equkne årke oelu k iuioe sk rkoupkrau tatenhkitk. Khfare a pkna
tkime orksol`aiïa
slhpnkshkitk iavehkitk perkl
pa`le ejlr `kkhastrå-na
hels okroe
kre kvl`kitk `k hlh
pere 7 au quk
: eias etrås,
ksteve oahdå quk
`ar. _ku ièvkn
`k kikrjle kre hulta felxa k perkole quk `k rkpkitk knk sk tariere vknma eitks `a tkhpa.
 5?5

Ias ôntlhas olioa eias knk sk epaskitau oahpnktehkitk, hes ku a efei`aikl `ues vkzks
ia eia sÿ pere gezä-na trefenmer uh pauoa, slhpnkshkitk pere `er enja pere knk gezkr.
@ureitk kssks eias vårlas vktkrliårlas, qulrapråtloa a vlreh, etì tkitehas tkreple
`k omaquk, hes ie`e guiolaiau. Ikwt ì uh oevena hulta venlasa. _kus `als evÿs gareh
@aoferr `ues vkzks, ehfas hetkrias k petkrias. @aoFerr ì uh querta `k hlnme hulta
gehasa. E nlimejkh `e sue hïk kste `kitra `es ; hknmarks `as rklilij marsks k oaw-
marsks `a peès.
Kiqueita a @r. Iknsai k Dkei trefenmeveh kh Ikwt, hk `lsskreh quk ksteve
sagrki`a `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Kh pertlouner `k uhe gente `k oaitrank k ikrvaslsha
`ks`k quk tlime okroe `k 6 eias. Lssa eoaitkoku eitks quk ku a tlvkssk, quei`a tlime sl`a
oanaoe`a pere uh trefenma hulta `ura k hulta ejrksslvehkitk par sku `aia eitkrlar.
Knks `lsskreh quk tlime enjuh tlpa `k `ksoaikxïa kh sku querta tresklra ksqukr`a, quk q uk
sk rkhaiteveh es ploe`es `k garhlje.
@ks`k quk a @r. Iknsai k sue kspase trefenmereh oah knk (tkvk uh tretehkita
oahpnkta k `urau okroe `k ?2 hliutas) Ikwt ì oaha uh iava oevena. @k geta, ì oaha
sk tlvkssk vante`a `k rkpkitk pere ai`k ksteve queita tlime quetra eias `k l`e`k. Ejare
passa uså-na pere eherrer a je`a, a quk oanaoe hulte tkisïa ie pertk tresklre `a oevena,
skh ikimuh prafnkhe. Rassa perå-na k kxkroltå-na k knk a gez `e hknmar heiklre.
_urprkki`k-hk vkr oaha knk ejk ejare. Kstå omkla `k kikrjle k qukr frlioer a tkhpa
ta`a. @kpals `k skr epaskite`a k skr lioepez `k gezkr pauoa au ie`e par hultas eias,
Ikwt kstå iava`as
Autra khhkus
ganme.oevenas sk omehe Fuoc. Rravevknhkitk ì a hknmar oevena quk ku
tkima k, ì uh pkqukia k nli`a fuocscli quertkr marsk. A tkima gez träs hksks. @ksok a
oahkêa, ksteve sagrki`a `k uhe gente `k kikrjle k oaigleiêe, k iïa tlime vaite`k `k
gezkr ie`e. Iïa qukrle trefenmer. Eoaitkok quk `ksoafrl oaha gal trklie`a k gal `k uhe
heiklre hulta ejrksslve, par esslh `lzkr. Hku oahkitårla ì quk vaoä pa`k oai
oaiskjulr
skjulr
quk uh oevena geêe kssk tlpa `k trkliehkita skvkra par epraxlhe`ehkitk uh eia k
kitïa praita, parquk a oevena glienhkitk `lz4 „Ra`k hk heomuoer a queita qulskr då iïa
hk lhparta hels. Kstau oeise`a‘.
Fah, Fuoc mevle omkje`a e kssk paita k ksteve kxeusta. A`leve sue vl`e, a`leve
sku trefenma k a`leve es pkssaes, parquk tlimeh a hentrete`a `khels. A @r. Iknsai k
sue kspase a omkoereh k kioaitrereh khaêûks eprlslaie`es `k ÿ`la eas ? eias (knk
eomeve quk sku trklie`ar a a`leve)
a `leve) `kprkssïa eas ? eias k autres khaêûks evessene`ares,
`k pæiloa k skitlhkitas tahe`as oaha okrtas.
@ks`k kitïa Fuoc hu`au hulta. _ue oe`äiole hu`au, ì hulta hels suevk ea
ei`er k sk skitk hels rknexe`a, quk ì oaha hk slita quei`a ei`a. Enìh `lssa, iïa tkh
hels hk`a `es pkssaes k ì hulta hkias oeutknasa. Ejare ì uh oevena iarhen kh ta`as
as espkotas, ejare ehe trefenmer k kstå omkla `k kikrjle. Ì rkenhkitk surprkki`kitk. Ì
oaha sk gassk uh iava oevena.
Ia häs pesse`a, nkvkl Fuoc â kxpaslêïa IMVE ai`k knk gal a ?´ `k ?2 ia
kvkita `k onessk `k jereimûks k ?´ ia kvkita `k trklie`arks `k oevenas. Kstau gknlz kh
`lzkr quk supkrau a rksunte`a `k sku kx-trklie`ar par olioa paitas iksse kxpaslêïa.
Prklier listljei`a hk`a pa`k skr quk guiolaik par uh tkhpa, hes e oaigleiêe `ure
pere skhprk.
Iïa tkima okrtkze `k oaha guiolaie a hìta`a `a @r. Iknsai, hes kstau
efsanutehkitk oaivkiol`a `k quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es sïa rkels. Ì rkenhkitk
liorèvkn vkr oaha kstk praokssa ì gklta k vkr as rksunte`as quk sk aftìh. _kh quk a @r.
Iknsai saufkssk ie`e `e mlstÿrle `k uh oevena, es khaêûks k es oalses quk eperkokh sïa
kxetehkitk oarrktes.
 5?6

Wl kssk hìta`a guiolaier, k passa vkr k skitlr

skitlr as rksunte`as ias hkus oevenas.
Uuei`a tkita `ksorkvä-nas pere es pkssaes, knes `lzkh quk perkok Waa `aa. _ÿ skl quk
lssa guiolaie k lssa ì tu`a a quk lhparte pere hlh.
-Fay` Vaui`y, [tem.
Hels Mlstÿrles Liorèvkls `k Oevenas
Hku iahk ì @kfflk _pltzkipgkln. Pkima uh okrtlgloe`a GKL oaha Prklie`are
`k @ahe Onliloe k trklikl ie Enkheime oah trklie`arks Anèhploas. @kpals `k tkr tl`a
uh oknklra `k trkliehkita kh _ei Duei Oeplstreia, Oenlgÿrile, `ureitk 5: eias oah 6?
oevenas `k ièvkn `k trkliehkita litkrhk`lårla LL, ejare kstau quesk epaskite`e kh
ßrkjai oah hku jereimïa Manstklikr, Vkvknetlai. Kislia @ahe Onliloe kh ßrkjai,
Oanare`a k Oenlgÿrile, k tehfìh etua oaha Duèze `k smaws ikssks kste`as.
Esslstl ea prlhklra skhliårla safrk oure hejiìtloe
hejiìtloe quk a @r. Iknsai `ku kh
_ei @lkja, Oenlgÿrile, kh dunma `k 5<<=. [tlnlzkl skus hìta`as `k nlhpkze `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es k kioaitrkl uh jasta likstlhåvkn pere trefenmer oah oevenas, pere pkssaes
tehfìh, k tkima hultes mlstÿrles surprkki`kitks quk pa`krle oahpertlnmer, hes equl
kstïa enjuhes quk sïa ÿtlhes.
[h `as oevenas quk ksteve trkliei`a par eias heioeve vårles vkzks ia eia. Iÿs
vlhas träs vktkrliårlas `lgkrkitks, glzkhas relas ], qulraprexle k eoupuiture,
eoupuiture, hes ie`e
perkole guiolaier ia hahkita. Kre grustreitk då quk kståvehas oahpktli`a oah knk
iuioe sefèehas quei`a kstk heioer hlstkrlasa aoarrkrle. Uuei`a saufk `a Oÿ`lja `e
Khaêïa oaha
pertlolpe`a tlimeskhliårlas,
`k skus sl`a peolkitk `a @r.eIknsai
oahkokl utlnlzer par 52 eias,
a feneiêa k tehfìh
kikrjìtloa iasmevle
oevenas quk
ku trklieve.
Mljmnei`kr heioeve ie årke `a derrktk `lrklta. Oahkokl e nlhper sue fejejkh
khaolaien. Plime uhe Rerk`k ia OareêïaOa reêïa quk tlime 6< tefues `k kspkssure. Gul oepez
`k knlhlier ta`es es Rerk`ks ia Oareêïa etrevìs `e nlhpkze. Plime prafnkhes `k
efei`aia, lre, rksskitlhkita kh rkneêïa e sue `aie k uhe jrei`k trlstkze. Ru`k vkr quk
surjlu quei`a tlime ; eias k ksteve ski`a treisgkrl`a. Mevle oeè`a ia trelnkr. E `aie iïa
perau pere edu`å-na k knk tkvk quk skjulr esslh `ureitk e vlejkh. Rkrjuitkl pere e `aie
sk lssa rkenhkitk tlime eoaitkol`a k kivkrjaime`e e`hltlu quk slh. _lhpnkshkitk iïa
sefle a quk gezkr, kitïa `lrljlu oah knk ia trelnkr etì omkjer ea naoen `e kxpaslêïa.
Mljmnei`kr sefle quk kne sefle k skitle hulta rksskitlhkita par kne par lssa. Pehfìh
skitle quk kne tlime a efei`aie`a.
@kpals quk oaiskjul nlhper tu`a, pessau `k skr tatenhkitk heioa pere
oahpnktehkitk seu`åvkn kh 52 hliutas. Rkrheikoku seu`åvkn as ? eias skjulitks
kiqueita ku a trklieve. _ÿ tlvk quk nlhpå-na autres `ues vkzks k lssa eoaitkoku quei`a
vle oevenas quk iïa qukrleh skr oerrkje`as
oerrkje`as ia trelnkr k eoma quk lssa a nkhfrau
nkhfrau `e sue
`ar. Ia kiteita, knk eli`e pkrheikoku seu`åvkn k pessau e jeimer vårlas oehpkaietas.
Autra oevena quk ksteve trkliei`a kh uhe onliloe vkla etì hlh heioa. Iuioe a
tlime trklie`a eitks. Rkrjuitkl ea sku `aia sk pa`le gezkr uh tkstk husouner pere vkr sk
kre gèsloa au khaolaien. Oaiskjul nlhpå-na `k skus prafnkhes `k nuta `kvl`a â pkr`e `k
autra oevena quk tkvk quk skr seorlgloe`a ia oknklra. Knk ksteve omarei`a pkna autra
oevena k lssa `ku uh ourta-olroulta kh vårlas ÿrjïas esslh oaha kh sku oareêïa. Nkvau
okroe `k 52 hliutas pere nlhpå-na, naja epÿs selu oarrki`a kh kste`a seu`åvkn.
Oaitliuau ski`a seu`åvkn pere hultes autres onliloes etì quk gal vki`l`a pere autre oese.
[tlnlzkl a Oÿ`lja `e Khaêïa kh oevenas quk prktki`a vki`kr pere vkr sk knks
täh ourtas-olroultas khaolaiels k sk rkenhkitk pa`kh trklier. Lssa hk edu`au
kiarhkhkitk ie ksoanme `k fais oevenas. Kstau skhprk rkenlzei`a a tkstk husouner kh
hkus oevenas pere omkoer sku kste`a `k seô`k. Eork`lta quk kstïa glsloehkitk hels
seu`åvkls k gknlzks jreêes eas hìta`as `a @r. Iknsai.
 -@kfflk _pltzkipgkln, ßrkjai.
5??

Oaionusïa
Iÿs pavaehas ksse Pkrre oah as eilhels k hultes vkzks eoefehas ie paslêïa
`k skrhas skus rkspaisåvkls `k uhe heiklre hulta pkssaen. _ïa iassas
oahpeimklras k iassas ehljas. Âs vkzks omkjehas e ehå-nas oaha sk gasskh autra
hkhfra `e iasse gehènle k ì esslh quk `kvk skr.
Oaha iasse gehènle, oefk e iÿs jereitlr quk kstks eilhels saf iassas
oul`e`as skdeh enlhkite`as k pratkjl`as k `er a hknmar `k iÿs pere heitä-nas
skjuras k seu`åvkls.
Iïa pkroeh `k vlste as eilhels quk kstïa saf skus oul`e`as. _k eoaitkokr enja
`ksoaiokrteitk- oaha a pahfa harrki`a fkh ie grkitk `k Wenleit- pkise kh oaha
sku eilhen pa`krle sk skitlr. Uuei`a uh eilhen `kskivanvk slitahes `k quenqukr
tlpa, skde gèsloa au `k oahpartehkita, pa`kh rkgnktlr kh uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e.
Ejare vaoä tkh es gkrrehkites pere sk edu`er.
Iïa tkime hk`a `k tkiter. Epkies `klxk quk sku oareêïa sk kiome `k ehar
pkna eilhen, tkime uhe areêïa kh sku oareêïa, tkime uhe onere litkiêïa `k edu`å-na,
eork`ltk quk pa`k gezä-na k tkrå äxlta.

REVPK 0
[H G[P[VA HEL_ FVLNMEIPK

IÏA PKIMA HK@A @A EHEIMÏ, RAVU[K

RAVU[K DÅ WL A AIPKH K EHA A MADK.
- ZLNNLEI ENNKI ZMLPK

52
E WL@E _KH KHAÊÛK_ ERVL_LAIE@E_.

Wlvkr uhe vl`e oahpnktehkit

oahpnktehkitkk nlvrk `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es skrle
vkr`e`klrehkitk uhe oalse herevlnmase. Ra`krle skr enoeiêåvkn, hes `k eoar`a oah a
quk afskrvkl, quesk iïa må pkssae quk iïa tkime khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k vkz
kiqueita. Rerkok skr pertk `es kxpkrläioles muheie.
E vl`e ì uhe fanse hlsture`e, omkle `k fäiêïas pknes quels skr jreta,
`lgloun`e`ks quk jkreh apartuil`e`k `k kxpnarer, `kolsûks quk taheh k hahkitas
`k eijustle k sagrlhkita. Ias garikokh heiklres `k kxkrokr e gå, e`qulrlr
oaimkolhkita k `kskivanvkr ehar. Pa`e gehènle muheie kstå oaikote`e k tu`a quk
eoaitkok e uh `k ias egkte e ta`as iÿs kh hkiar jreu. Etrevìs `es iasses
kxpkrläioles tkhas e apartuil`e`k `k rkgarêer iasse oaikxïa etrevìs `a
`kskivanvlhkita `e oahprkkisïa k e oahpelxïa pknas `khels.
E heiklre oaha vaoä `kol`k skitlr-sk ta`as as `les kh ta`es es oalses quk
kigrkite, `ktkrhlierå oaha e vl`e gnulrå pere vaoä.
 5?0

_ue etltu`k tkh uhe trkhki`e rknkvæiole ia quk kne kn e rkprkskiterå, ies
apartuil`e`ks quk vlrïa k ia quk vaoä eprki`krå.
Kh rkenl`e`k, vaoä etrel hulta `a quk vä e sue grkitk, `kvl`a ea quk eork`lte
quk pa`k tkr kh sue vl`e.
_ku Okitra @ktkrhlie e Vkenl`e`k
E ksoanme kstå el e oe`e iava `le, sk skitlr fkh au skitlr-sk hen safrk es oalses
quk kstïa eoaitk
eoaitkoki`a
oki`a kh sue vl`e. Uuesk sk skhprk
hprk må teites oalses faes au hås
aoarrki`a kh uh hahkita `ktkrhlie`a. Ia quk ksoanmk gaoer ì a jrei`k getar ie
kqueêïa `e gknlol`e`k.
Es vkzks es pkssaes gaoeh `khels ia pesse`a. _k ksoanmk gaoer sue hkitk kh
uh eoaitkolhkita ikjetlva `a sku pesse`a k rk-kxpkrlhkite
rk-kxpkrlhkiterr ksses khaêûks, pa`k
orler, ie vkr`e`k, uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e safrk kstk eoaitkolhkita, lionuslvk hulta
`kpals `k quk mede pesse`a.
[he peolkitk omehe`e @leik vkh pertlounerhkitk ie hlime hkitk, e rkspklta
e kssk essuita. A pepell `k @leik mevle genkol`a 52 eias eitks3
eitks3 kitrk teita, kioaitrkl
kioaitrkl
uhe khaêïa eprlslaie`e `k `ar pkne sue hartk quk kne mevle orle`a 0 eias `kpals `k
sue hartk. Epkser `k quk mevle oaiskjul`a supkrer a guikren skh orler ikimuhe
khaêïa eprlslaie`e, ksoanmku pkrhltlr quk e khaêïa ikjetlve `k `ar live`lssk a
querta eilvkrserla `k sue hartk. Ikstk hahkita, tahau e `kolsïa oaisolkitk `k rk-
kxpkrlhkiter sue pkr`e k `ar, kh vkz `k pkiser safrk es oalses pasltlves k
herevlnmases quk sku pel rkprkskiteve pere kne. A rksunte`a gal uhe khaêïa
eprlslaie`e ikjetlve k patkiolenhkitk pkrljase.
Rerk uh listeitk k pkise kh skus prÿprlas pkisehkitas. @ureitk quenqukr
geta `k sue vl`e, skus pkisehkitas tki`kh e skr hels pasltlvas quk ikjetlvas1
ksoanmk `er äigesk kh oalses gevaråvkls k pasltlves k `kol`k sk skitlr ejre`kol`a,
oaitkitk k enkjrk, au ksoanmk `er äigesk ies khaêûks ikjetlves1
_k kstå kh uhe rkneêïa prafnkhåtloe, par kxkhpna, quesk skhprk må uh
iuhkra `k oalses faes quk pa`k pkiser kh quk eprkole kh sku oahpeimklra. Gaoer
ies oalses faes `k uhe rkneêïa k oanaoer sue etkiêïa e skus espkotas pasltlvas pa`kh
edu`ere orler jretl`ïa k gknlol`e`k. K gezä-na pa`k lionuslvk efrlr uh oehlima pere orler
uhe hu`eiêe pasltlve, kspkolenhkitk
kspkolenhkitk sk sue litk
litkiêïa
iêïa ì oaistrulr k prkskrver sue
rkneêïa.
Ia oaitrerla, oe`e vkz quk gaoehas kh iassas prafnkhes k ies oalse quk kstïa
li`a hen kh iasses vl`es, tkrhliehas orlei`a hels ikjetlvl`e`k. [he vkz esslstl uh
glnhk kh quk uh såfla pragkssar `lzle ea enuia4 „ quïa okrte ì, vkr`e`klrehkitk ksse
eglrheêïa! Ra`k vkr uh oapa hkla omkla au hkla vezla, hes vkr a oapa oaha hkla
omkla `å hels pa`kr k orle uhe rkenl`e`k hels pasltlve pere vaoä.
E Nkl `e Etreêïa
_kitlr khaêûks pasltlves
pasltlves safrk a quk qukr, tk edu`e
edu`erå
rå nltkrenhkitk e or
orler
ler skus
saimas. Uuei`a vlsuenlzk sue vl`e `e heiklre quk qukr quk skde k slite e heiklre quk
sk skitlrle sk tlvkssk rkenlze`a sku saima, glienhkitk kioaitrerå fkh ie sue grkitk, es
apartuil`e`ks pere orler es oalses quk tk gezkh gknlz.
Oaiokitrer-sk ies oalses quk iïa qukr k sk skitlr `k heiklre ikjetlve,
eoeferå orlei`a au pkrpktuei`a kssk hkshas prafnkhes ikjetlvas kh sue vl`e.

a ehar,Rar kxkhpna,
a slien quk a sk pesse sku
uilvkrsa tkhpa
tk kste pkisei`a
kivlei`a oaha
ì quk vaoäpa`krle skrkioaitrer
iïa pa`k sk iïa kioaitre
a
ehar. Oaha rksunte`a, iïa a kioaitrerå, au ea hkias skrå hels `lgèoln `k kioaitrer.
 5?;

Kstehas oaisteitkhkitk lrre`lei`a iassas pkisehkitas ia oasha. Eork`lta

quk kssks pkisehkitas kiomkh e lhkisl`ïa `a kspeêa k quk iïa kstïa nlhlte`as pkne
vknaol`e`k `e nuz, ikh ikimuhe autre nlhlteêïa. Iassas pkisehkitas sïa pa`krasas
k a quk pkisehas k skitlhas ì a quk orlehas.
Nkhfrk `a pravìrfla 6?4: „ Oaha uh mahkh pkise `kitra `k sl, esslh ì‘.
„ E orleêïa skhprk kste eoaitkoki`a. Oe`e vkz quk uh li`lvl`ua tkh uh
pkisehkita, au uhe heiklre `k pkiser pranaije`e k orðiloe, kste kh praokssa `k
orleêïa. Enja `kssks pkisehkita lrå sk heilgkster... k oaiskqþkitkhkitk, tkrhlie
etreli`a pere sl as pkisehkitas prk`ahlie
prk`ahlieitks
itks quk heitäh kh sue oaisoläiole, skde
knks pkisehkitas oaisolkitks au lioaisolkitks.
- Wkr. Hlomekn Fkocwltm?6
Då pa`k oahprkki`kr e lhpartæiole `k oaitraner as pkisehkitas oaisolkitks
oaisolkitks k
heitkr eas hkshas kh uh treêa pasltlva. Hes, quk eoaitkok oah skus pkisehkitas
sufoaisolkitks1
_ku sufoaisolkitks pa`kr tkr uh jrei`k kgklta ia rksunte`as quk tkite
enoeiêer kh sue vl`e. Es khaêûks eprlslaie`es kxkrokh sue lignuäiole ikjetlve safrk
vaoä, kh jrei`k pertk, etrevìs `a hkoeilsha `k sku sufoaisolkitk
sufoaisolkitk.. Ra`k tkiter gezkr
a sku hknmar pere pkiser pasltlvehkitk k vkr a oapa hkla omkla, kiqueita sues
khaêûks eprlslaie`es sufoaisolkitkhkitk a trekh, lrre`lei`a oaisteitkhkitk sues
prÿprles k pertlounerks grkqþäioles ikjetlves `k pkisehkitas ia uilvkrsa.
Uueita hels khaêûks eprlslaie`es vaoä tlvkr, hels kikrjle ikjetlve `k
pkisehkita ikjetlvas lrre`le, k hels `lgèoln skrå etrelr a quk vaoä qukr.
E fae iatlole ì quk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
eprlslaie`es pa`kh skr nlfkre`es. U Uuei`a
uei`a
vaoä orle a meflta `k user a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks rkjunerhkitk, pa`kpa`k kvlter a `eia quk
aoarrk ia ièvkn sufoaisolkitk `k pkiser k skitlr, parquk vaoä ksterå hu`ei`a sues
grkqþäioles `k pkisehkita.
Uuei`a vaoä kstå nlvrk `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es ikjetlves,
ikjetlves, `ksoafrlrå quk ì
hels gåoln ksoanmkr es khaêûks pasltlves quk tk edu`eh etrelr a quk rkenhkitk qukr
pere sue vl`e.
Waoä Ksoanmk sues Khaêûks
Enjuhe vkz må gklta uhe eglrheêïa oaha „ Hku herl`a hk `klxe nauoe...‘ Lssa
hk `klxau tïa `kprlhl`e...‘ lssa hk `klxau `k hen muhar...‘ eglrheêûks oaha ksses
sïa hulta oahuis. _k ksoute e sl hksha hels `k pkrta, pa`krle sk ksouter `lzki`a
enja slhlner. _k pere k pkise kh eglrheêûks oaha ksses, sk `erå oaite quä sïa fkh
rl`èounes. A geta, ì quk ilijuìh pa`k skitlr uhe khaêïa quk iïa ksoanme skitlr.
Es oalses quk tk eoaitkokh iïa `ktkrhlieh ie vkr`e`k es khaêûks quk
skitk. Kiqueita pa`k iïa tkr oaitrank oaisolkitk safrk ta`as as eoaitkolhk
eoaitkolhkitas
itas quk
egkteh sue vl`e, slh, tkis e oepeol`e`k `k knkjkr oaha pkiser, skitlr k etuer. Iïa
lhparte a quk aoarre, kh untlhe eienlsk vaoä ksoanmk es khaêûks quk skitk.
Hultas `k iÿs, es vkzks ias tariehas,
tariehas, livanuiterlehki
livanuiterlehkitk,
tk, vltlhes `k iasses
khaêûks. Ra`k iïa eork`lter quk tkis a oaitrank `k oaha sk skitk. Es khaêûks
ikjetlves surjkh tïa repl`ehkitk quk pa`k perkokr quk iïa må tkhpa pere ksoanmkr
autre khaêïa `lgkrkitk `e khaêïa rkeolaiårle ieturen, quk slhpnkshkit
slhpnkshkitkk glijk surjlr
`a ie`e. _k kstå etrese`a pere uh oahprahlssa, vaoä pa`k sk skitlr eislasa

eutahetloehkitk.. _k enjuìh tk trete oah jrasskrle, vaoä pa`k skitl-sk agki`l`a

eutahetloehkitk
?6
Pmk _korkt, P_ Rra`uotlais, NNO. 6227

5?7

eutahetloehkitk. Uuei`a tk lisunteh au eteoeh vaoä,pa`k skr quk kh rkspaste,

eutahetloehkitk.
vaoä sk slite lhk`letehkitk rksskitl`a au lrrlte`a.
_k vaoä ì oaha e helarle `es pkssaes, enjuhes oalse lieokltåvkls eoaitkokh `k
vkz kh quei`a. E hkias quk tkime oaitrank `k sues khaêûks, slhpnkshkitk
rkeolaiårles. Uuei`a vaoä pkrhltk-sk rkejlr, a sku sufoaisolkitk vel nmk agkrkokr kh
traoe uhe khaêïa ikjetlve, oah fesk ie khaêïa quk vaoä ksoanmku saf
olrouistæioles skhknmeitks
skhknmeitks ia pesse`a.
Khfare skhprk passe tkr rkspai`l`a `k uhe garhe ikjetlve kh uhe sltueêïa
`e`e, par sues rkspastes ikjetlves pesse`es, iïa ikoksserlehkitk tkh quk skr sues
rkspastes gutures. Waoä tkh uhe ksoanme skhprk quk prkolsk kigrkiter enja ikjetlva.
Ra`k ksoanmkr rkejlr oaha skhprk rkejlu au pa`k ksoanmkr uhe heiklre `lgkrkitk. A
pesse`a iïa ikoksserlehkitk tkh quk oaliol`lr oah a gutura.
E rkenl`e`k safrk es khaêûks ì quk vaoä skhprk es knkjk. _khprk ksoanmk
oaha sk skitlr. _khprk. _kr oaisolkitk `lsta ì kh sl hksha hulta patkiolenlze`ar.
Waoä ì a eutar `k sues praprles kxpkrläioles khaolaiels.
Ra`k ksoanmkr quenqukr quk quklre kh quenqukr sltueêïa quk kigrkitk. Nkve
uh pauoa `k pretloe k ikh skhprk ì gåoln, hes sk pa`k gezkr.
E prÿxlhe vkz quk sk kioaitrk omkla `k uhe khaêïa ikjetlve, perk k pkisk
safrk a praokssa quk etrevkssau pere omkjer e kssk skitlhkita. Ra`krle perkokr
perkokr quk e
khaêïa tk ksoanmku, hes vaoä e knkjku.
Gezkr knklêûks oaisolkitks kh vkz `k pkrhltlr quk eitljas pe`rûks
sufoaisolkitks tk oai`uzeh ì knkjkr kvanulr k orksokr.
[tlnlzer sku iava oaimkolhkita k oaisoläiole safrk es khaêûks eprlslaie`es
lrå tk edu`er e perer k pkiser eitks `k pkrhltlr quk uhe rkspaste eutahåtloe glquk
oah a hknmar `k vaoä.
E prÿxlhe vkz quk kh grkitk uhe sltueêïa ikjetlve, slhpnkshkitk iïa rkede.
Rkisk! Rkrjuitk4
Rkrjuitk4 „ A quk skrå hknmar uhe khaêïa ikjetlve au uhe pasltlve1‘
supaima quk e pasltlve grkqþkitkhk
grkqþkitkhkitk
itk vkiokrå. Må vårlas tlpas k jrei`ks heiklres
quk vaoä pa`k ksoanmkr a quk skitlr. Equl tkh uh nlste `k khaêûks pasltlves quk vaoä
pa`k user e prÿxlhe vkz kh quk ksoanme uhe heiklre pasltlve.
Nlste `k Khaêûks Rasltlves
Eoklteêïa @knlole Duflna
Enkjrle @kskda Ha`ìstle
Ehflêïa @lnljkiole Reoläiole
Ehlze`k Khaêïa Relxïa
Ehar Khpetle Rez
Essahfra Kspkreiêe Rkr`ïa
Fkikvanäiole Gì Rrkvlsïa
Fai`e`k Gknlol`e`k _etlsgeêïa
Oerl`e`k Jkikrasl`e`k _krkil`e`k
Oaigleiêe Jretl`ïa _urprkse
Oaigarta Maire [il`e`k
Oarejkh Muhln`e`k Waite`k
Ourlasl`e`k Litkrkssk

_afrk @klxer Lr
 5?:

Ia nlvra „ Hei“s _kerom gar Hkeilij‘ ( E Fusoe `a Mahkh pkna _ljilgloe`a), e

lhpartæiole `k ksoanmkr sues prÿprles khaêûks kh vkz `k pkrhltlr quk e ikjetlvl`e`k
tk ksoanme, lnustre hulta fkh. A @r. Wlotar Greicn kre uh psloÿnaja quk kivlereh e uh
oehpa `k oaiokitreêïa Iezlste `ureitk e _kjui`e Jukrre Hui`len. Oaha kstu`eitk
`e oai`ute muheie, a @r. Greicn oahkêau e afskrver `k heiklre ieturen e pkssae ea
sku rk`ar. Es rkeêûks `es pkssaes eitk sku prafnkhes k marrarks quk afskrveveh ea
sku rk`ar verleveh `k heiklre ehpne. A @r. Greicn `ksoafrlu quk equknes pkssaes
p kssaes quk
knkjleh e khaêïa `k `kskspkreiêe k quk slhpnkshkitk sk rki`leh iïa safrkvlvleh
hulta.
Rere sue surprkse, a @r. Greicn `ksoafrlu quk ia hkla `k uh marrar
li`ksorltèvkn, eli`e mevleh li`lvè`uas quk ksoanmleh equknes khaêûks `k ehar k
kspkreiêe. Ksorkvku4
„ Iÿs, as quk vlvkhas kh oehpas `k oaiokitreêïa pa`khas rkoar`er eas
mahkis quk oehlimeveh etrevìs `es oefeies oaisanei`a
oa isanei`a må autras, `aei`a sku untlha
pk`eêa `k pïa. Ra`kh tkrkh sl`asl`a pauoas kh queitl`e`k, hes agkrkokreh praves
suglolkitks quk tu`a pa`k skr tlre`a `k uh mahkh kxokta uhe oalse4 e untlhe `es
nlfkr`e`ks muheies4 ksoanmkr e prÿprle etltu`k kh quenqukr oaiduita
o aiduita `k olrouisteioles
`e`e, ksoanmkr a prÿprla oehlima‘.
_afrk a Arjunma

ArjunmaUuei`a ksoute e fkh

`k uh trefenma penevre arjunma,
gklta1 Penvkzkh qukpkisk
vaoä pkise1
qukAia
arjunma ì uhe
arjunma oaiqulste1
`k sku tlhk `k
gutkfan au arjunma `k skr uh ol`e`ïa `k uh `ktkrhlie`a peès. Kiqueita ta`as kssks
tlpas `k arjunma sïa pravevknhkitk fais, må autra tlpa `k arjunma quk ì lisl`lasa k
`eilima.
A tlpa `k arjunma quk ias gkrk omehe`a es vkzks `k gensa arjunma. Ì quei`a
oanaoehas e iÿs hkshas kh uh kste`a `k apaslêïa eas `khels au e @kus. Ì quei`a
skitlhas ÿ`la, olôhks, rksskitlhkita, supkrlarl`e`k,
supkrlarl`e`k, hå vaite`k au relve pere oah
as autra. A Gensa arjunma ì kjaèste. Ra`k skr flrrkita k tkhpkrehkiten, quei`a iasse
heiklre ì e hknmar k ôiloe.
A gensa arjunma ì jkrenhkitk hulta `lgèoln `k rkoaimkokr kh ias hkshas, tkh
sl`a omehe`a `k „ a jrei`k vlola‘ parquk ì hulta oahuh kitrk es pkssaes. [h `as
prafnkhes rkels oah kssk tlpa `k arjunma ì quk tk lignukiole hen pere pkr`aer eas
autra. Rkna oaitrerla, a arjunma gez vaoä qukrkr heitkr es gkrl`es rkels au lhejlierles
quk sagrku k tk nkve e ta`as as tlpas `k khaêûks ikjetlves oaha relve, grustreêïa k
rksskitlhkita. Ia glien, vaoä pa`k eoefer qukrki`a sk vlijer `equknks quk pa`kh
tkna trete`a lidustehkit
lidustehkitk.
k.
Uuei`a hliehas iassa prÿprla `kskda kh rkneêïa e @kus au a [ilvkrsa,
raufehas iassa prÿprla pa`kr. E gaitk `k ta`a a pa`kr ì @kus3 sk trefenmehas
oaitre knk, gloehas perenlse`es k ksteioehas iassa prÿprla prajrkssa.
Kh rkenl`e`k, pkrhltlr quk a gensa arjunma pkrslste kh sue vl`e sÿ grustre sku
prÿprla prajrkssa k tk gkrk. A arjunma `kssk tlpa oai`uz e orleêïa `k khaêûks
eprlslaie`es parquk iïa pkrhltk `klxer lr k pkr`aer3 iïa tk pkrhltk eoksser uh
oehlima hels enta quk tk oai`uze etì e pez. Rkna oaitrerla, a arjunma oai`uz pkna
oehlima afsoura `a skitlhkitas ikjetlvas, grkqþkitkhk
grkqþkitkhkitk
itk oahkêei`a oah uh
skitlhkita `k rksskitlh
rksskitlhkita.
kita.
„ A ÿ`la iuioe `kseperkokrå kh queita pkisehkita `k rksskitlhkita skdeh
efrlje`as ie hkitk.
 5?=

A ÿ`la `kseperkokrå naja quei`a as pkisehkitas `k rksskitlhkitas skdeh

ksqukol`as‘.
-Fu``me.
_afrk a Rkr`ïa
Ì hulta lhparteitk `å-sk oaite quk a `klxer lr eitljas skitlhkitas `anarasas
tk edu`e. Ra`k pkiser quk kste dustlgloe`a, oaiskrver skus skitlhkitas
skitlhkitas `anarasas

parquk oestlje
gkrk e vaoä equknks
k iïa â knks.quk tk skr
Ra`k gkrlreh. Kh rkenl`e`k,
quk skdeh oaiskrver
oaisolkitks au iïakhaêûks
`k oaha ikjetlves
sk skitk,
hes e hekilre quk knks sk skitkh `kpki`k oahpnktehk
oahpnktehkitk
itk `knks. _ÿ parquk vaoä
ksoanmk sagrkr ejerrei`a-sk ea pesse`a, iïa sljilgloe quk sagrkreh oaitlja.
Ra`k tkr gklta enja vkr`e`klrehkitk marrèvkn. Ra`k perkokr lhpassèvkn `klxe-na
lr. Equl ì ai`k tkh a pa`kr `k gezkr enja sljilgloetlva quk pa`k hu`er e vl`e,
kspkolenhkitk e vaoä.
Ra`k `kol`lr pkr`ae-nas, k oaiskqukitkhkitk nlfkrer e sl hksha `k ta`e e
ikjetlvl`e`k essaole`e ea prafnkhe.
_khprk jastkl `e olteêïa `k Nkwls _hk`ks4 „ Rkr`aer ì nlfkrter a prlslaiklra k
naja `ksoafrlr quk a prlslaiklra kre vaoä‘. Kitïa.
Ki tïa. Rar quk iïa nlfkrte-sk e sl hksha1
Rar quk orler hels ikjetlvl`e`k k hels `eia enlhkitei`a sku skitlhkitas `anarasas
eia trås eia1
Pkr e hkitk pere `klxer es oalses lrkh. Rkr`ae. Hulta grkqþkitkhkitk as
prafnkhes eoaitkokh par ljiaræiole.
Peita sagrlhkita muheia sk `kvk e quk iïa sefkhas, a quk gezkhas uis eas
autras. _k ea hkias pu`ìsskhas oahprkki`kr quk a quk gezkhas eas autras,
gezkhas e iÿs hkshas.
hkshas.
_k gal hentrete`a, pkise ia kxkhpna quk ias `klxau Dksus Orlsta, qukh `lssk
ksses penevres quei`a ksteve
ksteve ski`a prkje`a ie oruz4 ” Rel, pkr`ae
pkr`ae-as
-as parquk knks iïa
sefkh a quk gezkh‘. Kh sue kxtrkhl`e`k, knk ksoanmku e khaêïa `k ehar k pkr`ïa k
iÿs tehfìh pa`khas.
[h kxkhpna `e vl`e rken `a pa`kr `a pkr`ïa gal iatlole ieolaien kh 622;. A
oanuilste Dey Kvkiski oaite e mlstarle.
„ A quk skitlrle par uh e`anksokitks quk `kol`lu errkhksser uh pkru
oaijkne`a `k < cj `k uh oerra kh ente vknaol`e`k `k oefkêe oaitre a pere frlse `a
oera quk vaoä ksteve `lrljli`a1 Oaha sk skitlrle epÿs suparter skls mares `k olrurjle
olr urjle
utlnlzei`a pneoes `k hkten k autres pkêes `ures pere erher sku rasta k ie skqþäiole
`ksoafrlr quk eli`e tkrle quk kspkre eias `k tkreple pere vanter ea iarhen ‟ k quk
`kvk sk skitlr egartuie`a par iïa mevkr sagrl`a enjuh `eia okrkfren pkrheikitk1
K oaha tk skitlrle sk `ksoafrlssk quk sku ejrkssar k skus ehljas oahprereh a
pkru oah uh oertïa `k ork`lta raufe`a k seèreh `k oahpres skh hatlvas, epkies par
`lvkrsïa...1
Kssk tlpa `k orlhk marrki`a quk lhpunslaie as panètloas gezkrkh prahksses
hels skvkres ia treta `k `knliqþäiole. Ì a tlpa `k oalse quk `å nujer eas nkjlsne`arks e
pesser uh par olhe `a autra ie nute par skr a prlhklra kh litra`uzlr uh pradkta `k nkl
quk ejrkjuk uh euhkita `es pkies pkna usa u sa `k evks `k orleêïa oaijkne`es ie
oahlssïa `k uh `knlta
A Ikw \arc Plhks oltau a glsoen `a `lstrlta `lzki`a quk kstk ì a tlpa `k `knlta
quk es vltlhes skitkh quk ikimuh oestlja ì a suglolkitkhkitk `ura. „ Ikh sk qukr e
hartk as setlsgez‘,
setlsgez‘, `lssk.
 5?<

Lssa ì a quk gez a quk

qu k eoaitkoku skr tïa lioahuh
lioahuh.. E vltlhe `k 00 eias, Wlotarle
Vuvana, khe kx-jkrkitk `k uhe ejkiole `k lhpastas ksteve hels litkrksse`e kh
pratkjkr e vl`e `k sku ejrkssar `k 5< eias Vyei Ousmlij, `a quk qukrkr quenqukr tlpa
`k vlijeiêe. Lioaha`au as panlolels pere aftkr ligarheêûks safrk knk, `e sue vl`e,
oaha gal orle`a, kto., . Naja, lislstlu kh nmk agkrkokr uh eoar`a. Ousmlij pa`krle
pkrheikokr 7 hksks `k pkie `a oai`e`a k gloer kh nlfkr`e`k oai`lolaien
oai`lolaien par ; eias
sk essuhk sue ounpeflnl`e`k par ejrkssïa kh skjui`a jreu.
@k mevkr sl`a oai`kie`a par ejrkssïa kh prlhklra jreu ‟ e pkie hels
e`kque`e pere a `knlta ‟ tkrle quk tkr gloe`a 6; eias prksa k naja skr rkstltuè`a e
saolk`e`k oaha mahkh `k hkle l`e`k k skh ikimuhe meflnl`e`k k ikh pkrspkotlve.
Hes kstå ì sÿ hkte`k `e mlstarle. A rksta, `a quk aoarrku, `a `le kh quk lsta
eoaitkoku ie oartk, ì e pertk vkr`e`klrehkitk iatåvkn.
@k eoar`a oah ertlja `a Ikw \arc Rast, Ousmlij oehlimau oul`e`ase k
nkitehkitk etì ai`k Vuvana ksteve skite`e ie sene `k eu`läiole k oah nejrlhes ias
anmas Nk sussurrau uhes `ksounpes. „ Nehkita a quk ku tk glz‘.
Kitïa Vuvana sk nkveitau, e vltlhe k sku ejrkssar sk efreêereh omarei`a. Kne
eoerlolau sue oefkêe k nmk `ku teplimes ies oastes kiqueita knk sanuêeve k es
tkstkhuimes, lionuli`a a rkpartk `a Plhks, e ksoutereh `lzkr4 „ Kstå fkh. _ÿ qukra
quk geêe `e sue vl`e a hknmar quk passe skr‘. @k eoar`a oah enjuis rknetÿrlas, as
liskisèvkls panlolels k lionuslvk as rkpÿrtkrks sk egajereh oah es nejrlhes‘??.
_afrk e Oerl`e`k
E oepeol`e`k `k pkr`aer e autras surjk `e iasse prÿprle oepeol`e`k `k eher.
E garhe hels pure `a ehar ì a ehar lioai`lolaien, tehfìh oaimkol`a oaha
oerl`e`k.
[he `es ksorltures hels gehases `a Iava Pkstehkita ì e prlhklre kplstane `as
Oarèitlas oepltuna 5?, qukh kh pertk `lz4
5 Eli`e quk ku genessk es nèijues `as mahkis k `as eidas, k iïa tlvkssk
ehar, skrle oaha a hkten quk sae au oaha a slia quk tlik.
6 K eli`e quk tlvkssk a `ah `k pragkole, k oaimkokssk ta`as as hlstìrlas
k ta`e e oläiole, k eli`e quk tlvkssk ta`e e gì, `k heiklre ten quk
treispartessk as haitks, k iïa tlvkssk ehar, ie`e skrle.
? K eli`e
pafrks, quk`e`lstrlfuèssk
k eli`e
eli ta`e ae hlime
quk kitrkjessk
kitrkjessk h
hku gartuie
ku oarpa perepere
pere skr sustkita
quklhe`a,
quklhe`a,`ask iïa
tlvkssk ehar, ie`e `lssa hk epravklterle.
0 A ehar ì sagrk`ar, ì fkiljia3 a ehar iïa ì livkdasa3 a ehar iïa trete
oah nkvlei`e`k, iïa sk kisafkrfkok.
; Iïa sk parte oah li`koäiole, iïa fusoe as skus litkrkssks, iïa sk
lrrlte, iïa suspklte hen3
7 Iïa ganje oah e lidustlêe, hes ganje oah e vkr`e`k3
: Pu`a sagrk, tu`a orä, tu`a kspkre, tu`a suparte.
= A ehar iuioe genme3 hes mevki`a pragkoles, skrïa eilqulne`es3
mevki`a nèijues, oksserïa3 mevki`a oläiole, `kseperkokrå3

??
Dey Kvkiski, „Garjlvkikss Mes Rawkr ta Omeijk Guturk,‘ @kskrkt Harilij Ikws,
Ikw s, 65 Euj 622;, p
EE?).

502

Oaha pa`k skr quk pkr`aer

p kr`aer eas `khels k tkr ehar ea prÿxlha, tk edu`k e
kvlter khaêûks eprlslaie`es1
E oerl`e`k ì ehar pura k slhpnks. A ehar lioai`lolaien par iassas lrhïas.
Eork`lta quk ì uhe `es rezûks hels lhparteitk pkne quen kstehas equl ie Pkrre, pere
eprki`kr e `kskivanvkr kssk tlpa `k ehar.
Uuei`a ias skitlhas `kste heiklre kh rkneêïa eas autras, iassas oareêûks
rkssaeh ie grkqþäiole `a ehar k kxpkrlhkitehas `kitra, pez k merhaile.
m erhaile.
E oerl`e`k ias edu`es e selr `k ias hkshas, e lr hels enkh `k iassa prÿprla
kjaokitrlsha. Ias edu`e e sk litkrksser k oahprkki`kr hels es ikokssl`e`ks `as
autras. Ias oai`uz ea seorlgèola `a iassa tkhpa, skrvlêa, fkis hui`eias, pere `å-nas
e qukh ikokssltk. Edu`e-ias e, ias oaivkrtkr kh `ae`arks k rkokfk`arks ejre`kol`as
kh vkz `k tahe`arks. Orle uh vliouna, uh perkitksoa, uhe lrhei`e`k kitrk iÿs.
venarlze-ias oaha li`lvè`uas k ias `å uh tatenl`e`k k uh skitl`a `k pkrtkiokr.
E oerl`e`k, kssk ehar pura, ì uh prkskitk `k @kus k kheie `a oareêïa. _ki`a
uh prkskitk `k @kus, pa`khas pk`l-na e Knk k `kvkhas gezä-na. Uuei`a iassas
oareêûks kstïa omkla `k oerl`e`k, ias efrlhas pere a kxtkrlar, iïa ias tariehas
kjaèstes. Kioaitrehas enkjrle kh edu`er e orler gknlol`e`k pere autras. Iasse
prkaoupeêïa pkna fkh kster `as `khels ì uhe jrei`k prkaoupeêïa teita oaha iasse
gknlol`e`k. Ì par lssa quk orlehas iasse prÿprle gknlol`e`k gezki`a oaitrlfulêûks quk
venkh e pkie å autras k pere e saolk`e`k. Iassas oareêûks sk ehpnleh kh uh skitl`a
ksplrltuen, tariei`a-ias hels oepezks kh `er k rkokfkr ehar.
E He`rk Pkrkze ì uilvkrsenhkitk e`hlre`e pkna sku skrvlêa e muheil`e`k.
Rkrjuitere-nmk oaha pa`le oaitliuer `le epÿs `le, vlsltei`a eas ejailzeitks,
enlhkitei`a-as, taoei`a-as, skoei`a skus anmas k oaisanei`a-as.
Kne `lssk4 „ Iïa ì `lgèoln parquk kh oe`e uh `knks vkda a rasta `k Orlsta kh uh
`k skus hels
hels eijustleitks `lsgeroks‘.
Uuei`a iassas oareêûks kstïa omklas `k oerl`e`k ì hkias pravåvkn quk
`kskivanvehas khaêûks eprlslaie`es. Rkr`aehas, sahas peolkitks k ehåvkls.
Iasse tki`äiole ì pesser par enta es genmes k `kflnl`e`ks `as `khels, kh vkz `k
dunjå-nas. Wenk e pkie
pkie nuter par vlvkr uhe vl`e omkle `k oerl`e`k. Ì uhe vl`e `k
pasltlvl`e`ks, uhe vl`e quk kste par olhe `ae her `es khaêûks ikjetlves quk kste
khfelxa.
_afrk e Litkjrl`e`k
Uuei`a vlvkhas `k heiklre oaijrukitk oah a quä sefkhas quk ì oarrkta k
vkr`e`klra, tkhas litkjrl`e`k. E litkjrl`e`k ì uhe vlrtu`k, uhe garêe litkrie, uhe
maikstl`e`k oah slja hksha. E litkjrl`e`k oai`uz es pkssaes e skr e hknmar vkrsïa
`knes hkshes.
Kh jkren, queita hels litkjrl`e`k tkimehas, tkrkhas hkias prafeflnl`e`k `k
`kskivanvkr khaêûks eprlslaie`es parquk e enhe iïa kste `lvl`l`e, sk iïa litklre.
Iïa må ruptures ia oareêïa, iïa må oaignlta litkria.
Uuei`a uhe pkssae ksoanmk vlvkr e litkjrl`e`k, kioaitre e pez `kitra `a sku
prÿprla oareêïa k hkitk.
Uuei`a oaitliue kh sku oehlima, e litkjrl`e`k orksok
orksok,, e oaigleiêe sk
gartenkok k e pasltlvl`e`k sk ehpnle. [he pkssae quk vlve `kste heiklre, tkh pauoa

kspeêa pere khaêûks ikjetlves quk pa`krle gloer eprlslaie`es.

 505

E vl`e, pkne sue hkshe ieturkze, ì es vkzks, lioaha`ehkitk `ksegleitk.

`kvkhas enoeiêer kssks `kseglas orksoki`a k etrevkssei`a e hu`eiêe, kitïa equknks
oah litkjrl`e`k, iïa kstïa oahpnktehkitk lskitas `k khaêûks eprlslaie`es.
A orksolhkita pkssaen rkqukr kstloer-sk, eduster e sl hksha, errlsoer-sk, taher
`kolsûks `lgèokls k gezkr hels `a quk pkisehas quk pa`krèehas gezkr.
E e`vkrsl`e`k, e apaslêïa k a `ksegla, vkr`e`klreh
vkr`e`klrehkitk
kitk ias `ïa e
apartuil`e`k `k orksokr. Ra`khas ksoanmkr rkslstlr k ias lioaha`er oah kssks
`kseglas au `å-nks es faes vli`es oaha
oaha fäiêïas k skitlr jretl`ïa pkna orks
orksolhkita
olhkita
quk lrå ias trezkr. Es vkzks, es kxpkrläioles hels `lgèokls `k kigrkiter sïa es quk hels
ias fkikgloleh.
Uuei`a etrevkssehas hahkitas `k apaslêïa, pa`khas ikoksslter omkoer e
ias hkshas pere kioaitrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es quk pa`kh aoarrkr, pere gloerhas
nlvrks `k skus kgkltas ikjetlvas.
A Gaja Vkglie`ar `e Wl`e
E vl`e ì uh praokssa `k eprki`lzejkh k purlgloeêïa. Må uhe mlstarle quk
lnustre hulta fkh kssk prliolpla.
„ [he vkz mauvk uh jrupa `k hunmkrks kstu`ei`a a Nlvra `k Henequles
Heneq ules ia
Eitlja Pkstehkita. Kiqueita kstu`eveh a oepltuna träs sk kioaitrereh oah a
tkroklra vkrsèouna quk `lzle4 „ _k skiterå oaha uh rkglie`ar k purlgloe`ar `k prete‘.
Kssk vkrsèouna `ksoaiokrtau es hunmkrks k sk pkrjuitereh a quk sljilgloeve ksse
eglrheêïa safrk a oeråtkr k e ieturkze `k @kus. [he `es hunmkrks sk agkrkoku pere
evkrljuer a praokssa `k rkgliehkita `k prete k vanter ea jrupa ia prÿxlha kstu`a `e
Fèfnle.
Ksse skheie e hunmkr nljau pere a aurlvks k ejki`au uh marårla pere vä-na
trefenmer. Iïa hkiolaiau ie`e safrk as hatlvas `a sku litkrkssk, hels etrås `k sue
ourlasl`e`k safrk a praokssa `k rkgliehkita `k prete. Kiqueita anmeve a aurlvks, knk
sustkiteve uhe pkêe `k prete safrk a gaja k e `klxeve ksqukiter. Kxpnloau quk ia
rkgliehkita `k prete, ikoksslte skjurer e prete ia hkla `a gaja ai`k es omehes sïa
hels qukitks pere gezkr `kseperkokr ta`es es lhpurkzes.
E hunmkr pkisau kh @kus skjurei`a-ias kh uh paita hels qukitk ‟ naja
pkisau iavehkitk ia vkrsèouna, quk knk sk skite oaha a rkglie`ar k purlgloe`ar `e
prete. Rkrjuitau ea aurlvks sk knk tlime quk skiter enl ie grkitk `a gaja a tkhpa ta`a
kh quk e prete
p rete kre rkglie`e.
A mahkh rkspai`ku „ _lh‘, k kxpnloau quk iïa sÿ tlime quk skiter el
skjurei`a e prete, sk iïa e`khels tlime quk heitkr a anmer safrk e prete par ta`a a
tkhpa quk ksteve ia gaja. _k `klxeve `k anmer a gaja par enjuh hahkita naija,
kstrejeve.
E hunmkr gloau kh slnkiola par uh hahkita. Naja, pkrjuitau ea aurlvks4
„Oaha sefk quei`a e prete kstå oahpnktehkitk rkglie`e1‘
Knk sarrlu k rkspai`ku4 „ Em, lssa ì gåoln. Uuei`a vkda hlime lhejkh rkgnktl`e
ikne‘.
_k madk skitk a oenar `a gaja `kstk hui`a, sÿ nkhfrk-sk quk @kus tkh _kus
anmas kh vaoä‘.
- @ksoaimkol`a.

_k es
prapÿslta praves
pere vaoä`e sue krks
k quk vl`eehe`a.
perkokh ksheje`ares, nkhfrk-sk quk @kus tkh uh
 506

@kus kstå tk rkgliei`a. Knk sefkrå quk må tkrhlie`a kssk praokssa, quei`a Knk
passe vkr sue prÿprle lhejkh quei`a anmk kh sku rasta3 quei`a skde oaha Knk kh
sue oepeol`e`k `k `er ehar lioai`lolaien.
Eork`lta quk oe`e uh `k iÿs tkh uh `kstlia â ouhprlr k uhe hlssïa par
rkenlzer kiqueita kstehas pessei`a uhe kste`le iksse tkrre. Es khaêûks
eprlslaie`es pa`kh oaitrlfulr pere kigkrhl`e`ks k pa`kh ias prkvkilr `k vlvkr e
vl`e quk pa`krle kster vlvki`a. Ì uh omehe`a sejre`a pere edu`er equknks quk kstïa
sagrki`a, iïa sÿ par knks hkshas, hes tehfìh pkne rkpkroussûks `k sue vl`e, vlvl`e
pnkiehkitk, pa`k prapejessk etrevìs `a tkhpa k kspeêa pere e ktkril`e`k. Enjuhes
`es setlsgeêûks hels jrei`k `e hlime vl`e, suok`kreh ea kislier es pkssaes, e trezkr
a oure`ar quk må `kitra `knks k pretloer ku hksha e ertk `e oure. Uuei`a geêa ksses
oalses, kxpkrlhkita e enkjrle quk pravkh `k oepeolter e autras k edu`å-nas ksterkh
fkh k gknlzks.
_afrk e Areêïa
Uuei`a uh mahkh kre davkh, tkvk uhe kxpkrläiole ksplrltuen pragui`e, ie
quen eprki`l quk @kus ì rken. _kl quk Knk vlvk k quk Knk ias ehe. _ahas skus glnmas,
lrhïas k lrhïs ksplrltuels kh uh skitl`a fkh nltkren.
E areêïa må sl`a uhe omevk ksskiolen pere hlime oahprkkisïa `k qukh
sahas iÿs vkr`e`klrehk
vkr`e`klrehkitk
itk oaha skrks muheias, oaha guiolaie vkr`e`klrehkitk
iassas oarpas, oaha oarrljlr prafnkhes k oaha ourer. Må sl`a hku oastuhk gezkr uhe
areêïa kh slnkiola oaha jule, eitks `k tkiter edu`er enjuìh qukh e hlh kh fusoe
`k edu`e. Hultes vkzks, rkokfl oahprkkisïa k lisplreêïa quk ksteve enkh `k hlh.
Kstau ejre`kol`a par ksse edu`e k `au a ork`lta e @kus par kne.
Pk rkoahki`a pragui`ehkitk quk pkêe edu`e e @kus kh ta`es es årkes `e sue
vl`e k kspkolenhkitk kh sues tkitetlves `k edu`er eas `khels. Knk ksterå enl pere
vaoä.sÿ tkh quk eork`lter k kster ejre`kol`a quk Knk kste tk edu`ei`a.
Ia oesa `k iïa kster skjura ie garhe `k arer au quk garheta skjulr,
oahpertlnmerkl oaitlja a quk guiolaie pere hlh.
Oahkêa slhpnkshkitk hk `lrljli`a e @kus, `lzki`a grkqþkitkhkitk4 „Rel
Oknkstlen‘, parquk eork`lta quk Knk ì hku pel.
Naja, nmk ejre`kêa pkne apartuil`e`k quk tkima `k edu`er e pkssae quk kstau
tkitei`a edu`er.
@kpals, nmk pkêa sue edu`e pere gezä-na, k nmk pkêa sue vlsïa k juleture.
Rar untlha, tkrhlia hlime areêïa kh iahk `k Dksus Orlsta, Ehìh. E penevre
Ehìh slhpnkshkitk sljilgloe „ quk esslh skde‘.
Uuk @kus tk efkiêak ia oehlima `k gezkr fkh e sl hksha. Kspkra quk edu`k e
hultes autres pkssaes kh sku oehlima.
_kl quk pa`k.

@r. Fre`nky Iknsai

_afrk a Eutar
A @r. Fre`nky Iknsai sk jre`uau oah mares `a Nlgk Omlrapreotlo Oannkjk Zkst,
kh _ïa Naurkiêa, Oenlgÿrile kh 5<==. Pkh frli`e`a oaigkräioles e ièvkn ieolaien
safrk e oure ieturen `k kigkrhl`e`ks orðiloe
orðiloes,
s, k kstkvk ie pretloe prlve`e etì 6220,
tretei`a peolkitk `k ta`a a Kste`as [il`as k Oeie`å quk ksteveh sagrki`a `k
_èi`rahk `k Ge`lje Orðiloe, `k Glfrahlenjle k uhe ehpne verlk`e`k `k autre
kigkrhl`e`ks orðiloes. Hk`loa qulrlapretloas manèstloa k oræila petanajlste, a @r.

50?

Iknsai ì uh kspkolenlste ias oehpas khkrjkitks `e hk`lolie flakikrjìtloe k ie

psloanajle kikrjìtloe. Kssk ì sku prlhklra nlvra.
A @r. Iknsai ì uh `as prliolpels kxpkrtas `a peès kh oure hejiìtloe k må
`kskivanvl`a uh slhpnks, hes pa`krasa hìta`a `k euta-edu`e oaimkol`a oaha „ A
Oÿ`lja `a Oarpa‘ `a quen ì pertk a „A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks‘.
Oah e orleêïa `a sku „_khliårla Kqulnlfrer a Oarpa Knìtrloa
Knìtrloa‘,
‘, ejare „ _khliårla
a Oÿ`lja `a Oarpa‘, a @r., Iknsai tkh kislie`a skus hìta`as `k oure oah orltloes
hulta gevaråvkls. Ehpnehkitk
Ehpnehkitk rkoaimkol`a oahoaha a uh are`ar k uh pragkssar
tenkitasa, ejare kstå gezki`a oah quk skus kisliehkitas kstkdeh `lspaièvkls ia sltk
www.mkenkrnlfrery.oah, uh naoen `k essaole`as quk praparolaie vè`kas `k listruêïa,
nlvras k hulta hels.
A @r. Iknsai kstå oese`a k ì pel `k sktk orleiêes. Wlvk oah sue gehènle kh
[tem.
MkenkrsNlfrery.oah
Iassa afdktlva ì praparolaier as oaimkolhkitas quk edu`erïa e oaiok`kr
pa`kr es pkssaes pere oaivkrtkr-sk kh oure`arks. Eork`ltehas quk kstk ì uh `lrklta
lienlkiåvkn `k ta`as3 sefkr oaha edu`er e sl hksha k e skus kitks qukrl`as e sk ourer,
pere quk passeh vlvkr kh sku pnkia patkiolen.
Mkenkrs Nlfrery ( Flfnlatkoe `as Oure`arks) kste ski`a orle`e oah a prapÿslta
kxprkssa `k par e `lspaslêïa `k ta`as, pa`krases tìoiloes ieturels `k oure k
supnkhkitas. Rar gevar, vlsltk-ias k vkde a slhpnks quk ì skr hkhfra `kste flfnlatkoe
k`uoeolaien ainlik ai`k pa`k vkr vè`kas, oahprer nlvras, O@s, gkrrehkites k
supnkhkitas, gezkr pkrjuites k litkrejlr oah kstu`eitks `es ertks ouretlves.
Wlsltk ias4
MkenkrsNlfrery.oah

_khliårlas
Jasterèehas quk sku jrupa au arjeilzeêïa tkime äxltas!
A @r. Iknsai k skus essaole`as kstïa `lspaièvkls pere tk kislier a Oÿ`lja `es
Khaêûks â sue kqulpk `k vki`es, `lstrlful`arks, nl`krks k jkrkiole saf pk`l`a. Rar
Ra r
gevar kivlk uh oarrkla knktrðiloa oah sku pk`l`a e4
skhliårlasBFa`y_khliers.oah
_k kstå litkrksse`a kh esslstlr uh skhliårla, vkde iassa oenki`årla `k
skhliårlas ainlik kh4
@rFre`nkyIknsai.oah/kvkits/ks

Èhïs Ilccki
A usa `k lhïs Ilccki ì entehkitk rkoahki`e`a pkna @r. Iknsai kh sku
trefenma `k oure utlnlzei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks.
„ Rkssaenhkitk, prkglra user as èhïs gefrloe`as pkne khprkse depaikse Ilccki,
Lio., parquk sïa `kskime`as kspkolgloehkitk pere a usa safrk a oarpa k sïa hulta
oðha`as ea user. As èhïs quk utlnlza pere nlfkrer khaêûks eprlslaie`es kstïa
`kskime`as pere raner pknes oastes, sïa gåokls `k skjurer, k oaha jlreh pra`uzkh uh
oehpa hejiìtloa helar.
Gareh rkenlze`as hultes livkstljeêûks safrk sku `kskivanvlhkita, k ku as usa
oe`e vkz quk passa. Nmks kioaitrkl iuhkrasas usas( RV kxkhpna, epeje`ar `k `ar,
ai`k uh èhï `k jkne`klre iïa tkrle a hksha kgklta). Oaisl`kra quk as èhïs Ilccki
venkh fkh a lioaha`a livkstlhkita quk rkqukrkh‘.

500

Hultas eias `k livkstljeêïa onliloe ia Depïa gareh `k`loe`as ea `kskima k

orleêïa `as èhïs `e Ilcc
Ilccki
ki k guiolaieh hulta fkh.
As èhïs kspkoègloas quk a @r. Iknsai rkoahki`e pere pretloer A Oÿ`lja `es
Khaêûks gareh ehfas `kskime`as pkne Ilccki. Knks sïa a HejFay, uh pkqukia èhï
`k hïa quk pa`k raner safrk a hkrl`leia javkrieitk geolnhkitk, k a HejOrketar,
uhe gkrrehkite pere hessejkis hels jrei`k, nli`ehkitk `kskime`a oah pkse`as
ranas gkltas pere `urer. Uuenqukr `kstks sïa l`kels.
Ilccki madk kh `le ì e khprkse iuhkra uh `k fkh kster ia hui`a, oah
hultas pra`utas `k ente tkoianajle `ks`k oanomûks hejiìtloas e purlgloe`arks `k er k
åjue etì kqulpehkitas
kqulpehkitas `k kspartk k pra`utas iutrlolaiels quk pa`kh orler uh „ Ner
`k Fkh Kster‘ vkr`e`klra pere vaoä.
_k `kskdes hels ligarheêûks safrk quenqukr `as pra`utas Ilccki k oaha
e`qulrl-nas, kitrk4
@rFre`nkyIknsai.oah/hejikts/ks

Ikoksslte Edu`e1
_k kstå litkrksse`a quk a @r. Iknsai k/au sue kqulpk rkenlzkh uh tretehkita
e `lsteiole utlnlzei`a uh rkprkskiteitk, par gevar, kitrk4
@rFre`nkyIknsai.oah/skrvloks/ks
Kssk sltk pa`krå rkspai`kr iasses pkrjuites safrk skus prafnkhes pertlounerks
k evkrljuer oaha rkokfkr tretehkita par hkla `k uh `k iassas rkprkskiteitks.
Oahpertlnmk sues Mlstarles
Uukrkhas ksouter safrk skus äxltas utlnlzei`a a Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks. _k
`kskde oahpertlnmer, par gevar, kivlk sue mlstarle par oarrkla knktrðiloa e4
hlmlstarleBPmkKhatlaiOa`k.oah

Rere kioahki`er „ A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks‘

Rere gezkr a pk`l`a `k hels uhe oaple `a „A Oÿ`lja `es Khaêûks“, kitrk kh
iasse pejlie wkf4
@rFre`nkyIknsai.oah/stark/ks

Oahpre par Eteoe`a

Rere oaiteter a eutar au sanlolter ligarheêûks safrk a prkêa `e oahpre `a nlvra
par eteoe`a au e pkrsaienlzeêïa `a hksha pere sue oarpareêïa au jrupa, par gevar,
kitrk kh oaiteta oah4
jreiknBwupuf.oah
Zknnikss [ihesck` Rufnlsmlij
0;2 Mlnnsl`k @rlvk _tk 66;
Hksqultk, IW =<26:

Èi`lok
( ljuen a naoenlze`ar `a jule pretloa)
50;