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HksusulEcan 2

Wacvkf Meurwflty (:8:?67>60?:::?)

HesalZadokdokl` 2

Wrk Dfryftul.,W.iap.,Ls.,D
Dfryftul.,W.iap.,Ls.,D.iap
.iap

Z_E@_FD WXQHK KCDQ IAZA_FPFXFL

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 IFXF ZAL@FLXF_

Zubk syuiur, palucks pflbftifl ia nfhkrft Fccfn WPX, ifralf oarift _fndft
hfl nkhfyfn-Lyf
nkhfyfn-Lyf palucks hfpft dalyacasfkifl Fsunfl Iaparfwftfl
Iaparfwftfl Bkwf pfhf
 pfskal Xrfudf Ouccykl`. Hfcfd palyusulfl dfifcfn klk, palucks tkhfi capfs
ca pfs hfrk
 ofltufl oarof`fk pknfi.
pknfi. Qltui ktu, palucks dal`ugfpifl
dal`ugfpifl tarkdf ifskn iapfhf 2 Kou
Wrk Dfryftul.,W.iap.,Ls.,D.iap, sacfiu hesal padokdokl` yfl` tacfn dadofltu
hfcfd dalyacasfkifl dfifcfn klk hal`fl sfl`ft ofki.

Zalucks dalyfhfrk, dfifcfn klk dfskn

dfsk n bfun hfrk sadpurlf. Qltui ktu, palucks
dal`nfrfpifl irktki hfl sfrfl yfl` oarskmft dadofl`ul hfrk oarof`fk pknfi hadk
sadpurlflyf dfifcfn klk. Wade`f dfifcfn klk hfpft oardflmfft ofki of`k palucks
dfupul of`k padofgf.

Klhrfcfyf, Bulk ?:6>

Zalucks
 HFMXF_ KWK

Nfcfdfl Buhuc

Iftf Zal`fltfr

Hfmtfr Ksk

OFO K ZALHFNQCQFL

F. Cftfr Oacfifl`
O. _udusfl Dfsfcfn
G. Xubufl Zalucksfl
H. Wkstadftkif Zalucksfl

OFO KK ZADOFNFWFL

F. Ielsap taerk
6. Hamklksk
?. Zalyaofo Ouccykl`
7. Balks Ouccykl`
8. Xadpft tarbfhklyf Ouccykl`
1. Hataisk hklk parkcfiu ouccykl`
=. Ofnfyf Ouccykl`
0. Nuiud Ouccykl`
>. Nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl iatkif dalbfhk
da lbfhk ierofl ouccykl`
;. Nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl iatkif dacknft tklhfi ouccykl`
6:. Nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl Bkif dal`fcfdk trfudf ouccykl`
66. 1 Irktarkf Zarsfnfoftfl Oaofs Ouccykl`
6?. Gfrf Dalga`fn Ouccykl`
67. Xarfpk yfl` oksf hkcfiuifl pfhf ierofl Xrfudf Ouccykl`
 O. Ielsap Hfsfr Iaparfwftfl
6. Zal`ifbkfl
?. Flfcksf Hftf
7. Hkf`lesf iaparfwftfl
8. Kltarvalsk Iaparfwftfl
1. Kdpcadaltfsk Iaparfwftfl
=. Avfcufsk Iaparfwftfl

OFO KKK ZALQXQZ

F. Iaskdpucfl
O. Wfrfl
 OFO K

ZALHFNQCQFL

F. Cftfr Oacfifl`
Iankhupfl seskfc dfluskf tarhkrk ftfs oaoarfpf mfsa hfl tkl`iftfl.
Zfhf sfft cfnkr, dfluskf saof`fk klhkvkhu tudoun hfl oariadofl` hk
ckl`iul`fl iacufr`f. Watkfp nfrk, kf dacfiuifl ieltfi hfl kltarfisk hal`fl
iacufr`f tarutfdf erfl` tuf. Zfhf mfsa klk, ofyk hktflfdifl lkcfk-lkcfk yfl`
hkflut ecan erfl` tuflyf.
Oartudoun hawfsf hfl dalbfhk radfbf, dfluskf saof`fk klhkvkhu
ducfk dal`alfc ckl`iul`fl yfl` caokn cufs hfrkpfhf iacufr`f. Weskfcksfsk
yfl` hkfcfdk klhkvkhu ducfk oartfdofn cufs. Klhkvkhu ducfk oarkltarfisk
hal`fl tadfl saofyflyf. Nfc klk dadouft iatarfdpkcfl seskfc klhkvkhu
dfikl dalkl`ift. Bkif lkcfk-lkcfk yfl` hktflfdifl ecan iahuf erfl` tuflyf
hksarfp hal`fl ofki, dfif iatarfdpkcfl seskfc yfl` hkdkckik ecan klhkvkhu
tarsaout oksf dalbfhk caokn ofki. Nfc ktu hksaofoifl ifralf dfluskf tudoun
hfl oariadofl` hfrk mfsa ia mfsa tflpf dalkl``fcifl fpf yfl` tacfn kf
 pacfbfrk hfrk mfsa saoacudlyf. Waofckilyf, fpfokcf seskfcksfsk lkcfk-lkcfk
yfl` hktflfdifl iacufr`f iurfl` tarsarfp ecan flfi, dfif oksf bfhk
 pariadofl`fl parkcfiu hfl pskieseskfclyf tarnfdoft. Fikoftlyf, radfbf
ducfk dalulbuiifl `abfcf-`abfcf pftece`ks sapartk ialfifcfl hfl parkcfiu-
 parkcfiu oaraskie cfkllyf, sfcfn sftulyf fhfcfn ouccykl`.
ouccykl`.
Dalurut Iedlfs Zarcklhul`fl Flfi Klhelaskf (IZFK), sfft klk
ifsus ouccykl` dalhuhuik parkl`ift tarftfs pal`fhufl dfsyfrfift. Hfrk
?:66 nkl``f f`ustus ?:68, IZFK dalgftft 7=; pal`fhufl tarifkt dfsfcfn
tarsaout. Budcfn ktu saiktfr ?1% hfrk tetfc pal`fhufl hk okhfl` palhkhkifl
saoflyfi 6.8>: ifsus. Wealhbebe (?::;) dal`ftfifl ofnwf skswf yfl`
dal`fcfdfk tklhfifl ouccykl` darupfifl skswf yfl` dadkckik tkl`ift
fsartkmktfs yfl` ralhfn. Klhkvkhu yfl` dadkckik skifp fsartkm yfl` ralhfn
 dadkckik oflyfi iatfiutfl yfl` krfskelfc dackputk skifp dalfdpkcifl
 parkcfiu gadfs hfl tkhfi dadpulyfk iadfdpufl ultui dadpartfnflifl
nfi-nfi prkofhklyf.Oa`ktupul ierofl ouccykl` , daraif iurfl` dfdpu
dalulbuifl parfsffl ultui dacfwfl ouccykl` yfl` skswf tarkdf ifralf
skswf ierofl ouccykl` tfiut pacfiu ouccykl` dfikl dal`kltalskifl tklhfifl
ouccykl` .
_afisk yfl` pfckl` udud tarbfhk pfhf pfrf ierofl ouccy fhfcfn
dal`nklhfr hfrk oaoarfpf tadpft tartaltu hk saiecfn, sapartk cfpfl`fl
 oardfkl saiecfn, ifltkl, ifralf hal`fl fcfsfl tfiut hkouccy  bkif daraif
iasflf. Lfdu pfhf oaoarfpf ierofl cfkllyf dal`nklhfr ultui hftfl` ia
saiecfn ultui oaoarfpf wfitu hal`fl fcfsfl ultui dal`nklhfr hfrk
 padouccy ftfu sfdpfk iakl`klfl ultui iacufr hfrk saiecfn hal`fl tubufl
f`fr tkhfi oartadu tadfl yfl` dadouccy (Kinsflk,?:61).
Wacfkl hfdpfi hfrk dfsfcfn pskiece`ks bu`f hfpft oarpal`frun
tarnfhfp dfsfcfn iasanftfl mkski sapartk dadfr pfhf hfarfn yfl` hkpuiuc,
cagat, oal`ifi, suckt tkhur, lfmsu dfifl dalurul. @abfcf cfkl yfl`
hkdulgucifl hkfltfrflyf darfsf tarflgfd, suckt oarielsaltrfsk, palurulfl
 prastfsk fifhadki hfl darfsf salhkrk (Cfanaad, ?:67 hfcfd [flk, hii
?:6=).
Oarhfsfrifl paledalf klkcfn yfl` dadouft palucks tartfrki ultui
dalyusul dfifcfn taltfl` Fsunfl Iaparfwftfl bkwf pfhf pfskal ierofl
Ouccykl`.
O. _udusfl Dfsfcfn
Hfcfd palucksfl dfifcfn klk, fhf oaoarfpf dfsfcfn peiei yfl`
dalbfhk pusft padofnfsfl of`k palucks fhfcfn saof`fk oarkiut2
6. Fpf hamklksk hfrk Ouccykl` 5
?. Fpf palyaofo Ouccykl` 5
7. Fpf sfbf balks Ouccykl` 5
8. Hkdflf tadpft tarbfhklyf Ouccykl` 5
1. Of`fkdflf hataisk hklk parkcfiu ouccykl` 5
=. Fpf ofnfyf Ouccykl` 5
 0. Of`fkdflf nuiud Ouccykl` 5
>. Fpf sfbf nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl iatkif dalbfhk ierofl ouccykl` 5
;. Fpf sfbf nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl iatkif dacknft tklhfi ouccykl` 5
6:. Fpf sfbf nfc yfl` nfrus hkcfiuifl Bkif dal`fcfdk trfudf ouccykl`5
66. Of`fkdflf Irktarkf Zarsfnfoftfl Oaofs Ouccykl` 5
6?. Of`fkdflf gfrf Dalga`fn Ouccykl` 5
67. Fpf sfbf tarfpk yfl` oksf hkcfiuifl pfhf ierofl Xrfudf Ouccykl` 5
G. Xubufl Zalucksfl
Fhfpul tubufl palucksfl dfifcfn klk fhfcfn saof`fk oarkiut2
6. Qltui dadalunk tu`fs hfcfd dftf iuckfn iaparfwftfl bkwf
?. Qltui dalbacfsifl ielsap taerk hfl ielsap hfsfr iaparfwftfl bk wf
 pfhf pfskal hal`fl trfudf ouccykl` hal`fl dal``ulfifl tarfpk
fsartkva hfl tarfpk nkplesks.
7. Qltui dal`atfnuk taltfl` tarpk fsartkva
8. Qltui dal`atfnuk tarfpk nkplesks pfhf pfskal trfudf ouccykl`
1. Qltui dalfdofn pal`atfnufl hfl wfwfsfl dfnfskswf/k
iaparfwftfl dal`alfk iaparfwftfl bkwf pfhf pfskal trfudf
 ouccykl` hal`fl dal``ulfifl tarfpk nkplesks hfl tarfpk fsartkva.
H. Wkstadftkif Zalucksfl
Dfifcfn klk tarsususl ftfs 7 Ofo, yfl` dflf Ofo K palhfnucufl yfl` tarhkrk
hfrk Cftfr oacfifl`, _udusfl Dfsfcfn, Xubufl Zalucksfl, hfl Wkstadftkif
Zalucksfl, Ofo KK Zadofnfsfl Xarhkrk hfrk Ielsap Hfsfr Xaerk hfl Ielsap
hfsfr Iaparfwftfl, Ofo KKK Zalutup tarhkrk hfrk I askdpucfl hfl sfrfl.
 OFO KK
ZADOFNFWFL

F. Ielsap Hfsfr Xaerk

6. Hamklksk
Iftf ouccykl` oarfsfc hfrk Ofnfsf Kl``rks, yfktu hfrk iftf oucc
yfl` oarfrtk ofltal` yfl` salfl` darulhui iasflf iadfrk. Hfcfd
Ofnfsf Klhelaskf, sagfrf atkdece`k iftf ouccy oarfrtk pal``artfi,
erfl` yfl` dal``fl``u erfl` cadfn ( Rfikyfn,hii ?:60).
_kfusiklf, Hbuwktf, hfl Weasatke (?::1) hfcfd Wugkpte,
?:6? dalhamklkskifl sgneec ouccykl` saof`fk parkcfiu f`raskm yfl`
hkcfiuifl oarucfl`-ucfl` ecan saerfl`/saiacedpei skswf yfl`
dadkckik iaiufsffl, tarnfhfp skswf/skswk cfkl yfl` caokn cadfn,
hal`fl tubufl dalyfiktk erfl` tarsaout.
Fstutk (?::>) hfcfd Kinsflk ?:61, dal`ftfifl ofnwf
ouccykl` fhfcfn of`kfl hfrk tkhfifl f`rask yfl` hkcfiuifl
 oarucfl`ifck ecan sasaerfl` ftfu flfi yfl` caokn iuft tarnfhfp flfi
yfl` caokn cadfn sagfrf pskiks hfl mkski.
Ouccykl` (hkialfc saof`fk –palklhfsfl/rksfi— hfcfd ofnfsf
Klhelaskf) darupfifl sa`fcf oaltui palklhfsfl ftfu iaiarfsfl
yfl` hkcfiuifl hal`fl sal`fbf ecan sftu ftfu saiacedpei erfl`
yfl` caokn iuft ftfu oariufsf tarnfhfp erfl` cfkl, oartubufl ultui
dalyfiktk hfl hkcfiuifl sagfrf tarus dalarus. ( wfrhnflf, ?:68).
?. Zalyaofo Ouccykl`
Dalurut ( wfrhnflf, ?:68) fhf oaoarfpf palyaofo tarbfhklyf
 ouccykl`, fhfcfn saof`fk oarkiut 2
f. Zardusunfl
Zardusunfl hfl rfsf iasfc hkfltfrf partadflfl oksf dadkgu sasaerfl`
dacfiuifl tklhfifl ouccykl`.
  oarmul`sk saof`fkdflf dastklyf. Ifralf Grktkgfc Mfgter
tarouif ftfu pal`fwfsfllyf cadfn dfif su`astk fifl
cfl`sul` dalbfl`ifu pkikrfl ofwfn sfhfr. Grktkgfc Mfgter
dalbfhk tkhfi fitkm iatkif sasaerfl` hfcfd ielhksk nkpletks.
Dfif hfrk ktu, saduf su`astk - sacfdf tkhfi oartaltfl`fl
hal`fl skstad iapargfyffl hfl lkcfk-lkcfk hfsfr yfl` hkflut
sasaerfl` - fifl hktarkdf ecan pkikrfl ofwfn sfhfr saof`fk
iaoalfrfl, iaduhkfl hkskdpfl saof`fk pre`rfd pkikrfl.
Zre`rfd pkikrfl yfl` suhfn hktflfdifl dacfcuk su`astk
hfcfd ielhksk nkpletks, fifl dalbfhk padkgu paruofnfl
yfl` pardflal.
8. Balks nkpletks dalurut dflmfftlyf
Oflyfi saifck dflmfft nkpletks. ifralf tarcfcu oflyfi hfl
sfl`ft oarvfrkfsk, tkhfi saerfl`pul yfl` oksf sagfrf pfstk
dalyaoutifl fpf sfbf dflmfft yfl` oksf hkparecan hfrk
nkpletks. Nkpletks oksf oarparfl nfdpkr hk saduf okhfl`
iankhupfl yfl` dackoftifl pkikrfl dfluskf. balks-balks
nkpletks oarkiut klk hkoahfifl oarhfsfrifl okhfl`
fpckifsklyf yfl` pfckl` pepucar hfcfd hulkf nkpletks.
f) nypletnarfpy / gcklkgfc nyplesks
nypletnarfpy ftfu gcklkgfc nyplesks fhfcfn fpckifsk
nkpletks hfcfd dalyadounifl `fl``ufl daltfc hfl
darkl`flifl `fl``ufl mkski. nkpletks tacfn tarouitk
sagfrf dahks oksf dal`ftfsk oarof`fk dfgfd `fl``ufl
 pskiece`ks dfupul mkski. nkpletks tkhfi sapartk gfrf
 pal`eoftfl cfkl yfl` dal`eoftk `abfcf (skdpted) ftfu
fikoft yfl` dulguc. nkpletks oarurusfl cfl`sul` hal`fl
 palyaofo suftu dfsfcfn. hal`fl dal`nkcfl`ifl
 palyaofolyf dfif sagfrf etedftks fikoft yfl`
hktkdoucifl fifl calyfp ftfu tarsadounifl.
 o) dahkgfc nyplesks
 yfktu pal``ulffl nkpletks ultui hulkf dahks, tarutfdf
ecan heitar fnck oahfn hfl heitar `k`k hfcfd
dalgkptfifl amai flastnaskf tflpf dal``ulfifl eoft
 okus. tailki nkpletks yfl` hk`ulfifl ultui flastask
suhfn hk`ulfifl ecan benl accketsel (60;6 -6>=>).
accketsel fhfcfn heitar yfl` partfdf ifck dal``ulfifl
dasdarksda (lfdf iule hfrk nypletksd) ultui
dacfiuifl padoahfnfl tflpf rfsf sfikt. pfhf dfsf
accketsel nkhup, oacud hktaduifl flastask (eoft okus)
sankl``f saof`kfl heitar dal``ulfifl nkpletks.
gedahy nyplesks gedahy nyplesks fhfcfn nkpletks yfl`
hk`ulfifl ultui nkourfl sadftf. gedahy nyplesks bu`f
sarkl` hksaout saof`fk stf`a nyplesks. hklfdfifl stf`a
nyplesks ftfu nkpletks pfl``ul` ifralf pfhf fwfclyf
nkpletks ultui nkourfl nflyf hkparflifl hk ftfs
 pfl``ul`. lfdul gedahy nyplesks saifrfl` tkhfi
taroftfs hfcfd pfl``ul`. hk bfcfl, tfdfl, dfcc, ifdpus
ftfu hkdflf sfbf flhf oksf dadprfitaiifl gedahy
nyplesks.
g) meralskg nyplesks
Hfcfd palyackhkifl iapeckskfl, nkpletks oksf hk`ulfifl
ultui dal``fck klmerdfsk hfrk sfisk. Wuftu iabfhkfl
trfudftks sapartk hfcfd ifsus iabfnftfl yfl`
dalfiutifl galharul` dadouft pkikrfl ofwfn sfhfr
dalyadoulykifl kl`ftfl yfl` cal`ifp taltfl` iabfhkfl
tarsaout f`fr tkhfi okfs hkkl`ft ecan pkikrfl sfhfr. tubufl
 pkikrfl sfhfr dalyadoulykifl klmerdfsk ktu
sasul``unlyf ultui iaofkifl hkrk salhkrk, ifralf
fpfokcf kl`ftfl ktu dulguc, dfif trfudf hfl rfsf tfiut
fifl dulguc tflpf saofo. hal`fl ofltufl nkpletks,
ierofl ftfu sfisk oksf dal`kl`ft iadofck hal`fl bacfs
 hfcfd ielhksk pkikrfl yfl` talfl`. datfpnyskgfc
nyplesks datfpnyskgfc nyplesks fhfcfn fpckifsk nkpletks
hfcfd dalacktk oarof`fk maledalf datfmkski sapartk eut
em oehy trfvac, asp, gcfkrveyflga, gcfkrfuhkalga,
iedulkifsk hal`fl kllar-sacm, dahktfsk, dal`fisas
iaiuftfl supargelsgkeus hfl aisparkdal-aisparkdal
datfmkskif cfkllyf (Dfhbk Klhrf, ?6:60).
O. Ielsap Hfsfr Iaparfwftfl
6. Zal`ifbkfl
Zal`ifbkfl saof`fk tfnfp fwfc presas iaparfwftfl dackputk
 pal`udpucfl hftf, flfcksks hftf, hfl parudusfl dfsfcfn pfskal. Hftf
yfl` hkiudpucifl fhfcfn hftf pfskal sagfrf neckstki, dackputk fspai
 okece`ks, pskiece`ks, seskfc, hfl spkrktufc. Waerfl` parfwft bkwf
hknfrfpifl dadkckik iasfhfrfl ftfu iadfdpufl tkcki hkrk ( sacm
fwfralass), iadfdpufl dal`eosarvfsk hal`fl fiurft, oariedulkifsk
sagfrf tarfpautki, hfl iadfdpufl oaraspels sagfrf amaitkm (Wtufrt hfl
Wulhaal, ?::?) ifralf nfc tarsaout dalbfhk iulgk utfdf hfcfd
daludounifl nuoul`fl sfckl` pargfyf hal`fl pfskal. Nuoul`fl
sfckl` pargfyf fltfrf parfwft hal`fl pfskal fifl daduhfnifl parfwft
hfcfd dacfisflfifl fsunfl iaparfwftfl. Ecan ifralflyf, hfpft
dadofltu pfskal dalyacasfkifl dfsfcfn sasufk iadfdpufl yfl`
hkdkckiklyf.
Wtufrt hfl Wulhaal (?::?) dalyaoutifl ofnwf mfiter prahkspesksk,
mfiter praskpktfsk, palkcfkfl tarnfhfp straser, sudoar iepkl`, hfl
iadfdpufl iepkl` yfl` hkdkckik pfskal fhfcfn fspai yfl` nfrus hk`fck
sacfdf presas pal`ifbkfl.
Wagfrf caokn tarstruitur pal`ifbkfl iasanftfl bkwf dackputk nfc oarkiut.
f. Khaltktfs pfskal
Oarksk taltfl` khaltktfs prkofhk pfsakl oarupf lfdf, tadpft tfl``fc
cfnkr, paiarbffl, stftus, tfl``fc dfsui _udfn sfikt, hfl cfkl-cfkl.
 o. Iacunfl utfdf/fcfsfl dfsui
Oarksk taltfl` fpf yfl` dalbfhk fcfsfl utfdf pfskal dfsui ia
_udfn sfikt hfl upfyf fpf sfbf yfl` suhfn hkcfiuifl iacufr`f
saoacud pfsakl hk ofwf ia rudfn sfikt
g. Mfiter prahkspesksk
Xflyfifl iapfhf pfskal/iacufr`f fpfifn pfskal parlfn dal`fcfdk

`fl``ufl bkwf hk dfsf cfcu, okcf yf, oark tflhf – ✗— pfhf ietfi –[f—

hfl okcf tkhfi, dfif oark tflhf – ✗— pfhf ietfi –Xkhfi—.

Fpfokcf pfhf Zekl 6 –[f—, dfif tflyfifl of`fkdfl f nfskc

 pal`eoftfl saoacudlyf. Fpfokcf hkf hfpft oarfhfptfsk hk

dfsyfrfift tflpf `abfcf-`abfcf `fl``ufl bkwf, dfif oark tflhf – ✗—

 pfhf ietfi –Oarnfskc—. Fpfokcf hkf hfpft oarfhfptfsk tfpk dfskn fhf

`abfcf-`abfcf sksf, dfif oark tflhf – ✗— pfhf ietfi –Iurfl`

Oarnfskc—. Fpfokcf tkhfi fhf iadfbufl ftfu `abfcf-`abfcf oartfdofn

ftfu dalatfp, dfif oark tflhf –✗— pfhf ietfi –Iurfl`

Oarnfskc—.Xflyfifl pfhf pfskal fpfifn pfskal parlfn dacfiuifl

hfl ftfu dal`fcfdk hfl/ftfu dalyfiskifl pal`flkfyffl mkski,
saisufc, palecfifl hfrk ckl`iul`fl, iaiarfsfl hfcfd iacufr`f, hfl

tklhfifl irkdklfc. Oark tflhf – ✗— sasufk hal`fl palbacfsfl

 pfskal/iacufr`f fpfifn pfskal saof`fk pacfiu hfl/ftfu ierofl,

hfl/ftfu sfisk, dfif oark tflhf –✗— pfhf ietfi partfdf. Ksk uskf sfft

iabfhkfl pfhf ietfi iahuf.

Bkif pfskal parlfn saof`fk pacfiu, ierofl, hfl sfisk (huf ftfu caokn)
tucksifl pfhf palbacfsfl.
f. Oark palbacfsfl sagfrf skl`ift hfl bacfs taltfl` iabfhkfl yfl`
hkfcfdk pfskal tarifkt leder 6, ?, 7.
 o. Dfsfcfn iaparfwftfl hktucks sasufk hal`fl hftf.
Fpfokcf fhf fl``etf iacufr`f cfkl yfl` dal`fcfdk `fl``ufl
 bkwf, dfif tflyfifl of`fkdflf nuoul`fl pfskal hal`fl
fl``etf iacufr`f tarsaout. Xflyfifl fpf `abfcf yfl` hkfcfdk
 sartf rkwfyft pal`eoftfl hfl parfwftfl yfl` parlfn hkoarkifl
 pfhf fl``etf iacufr`f tarsaout. Xflyfifl iapfhf
 pfskal/iacufr`f taltfl` pal`fcfdfl yfl` tkhfi
dalyalfl`ifl (ia`f`fcfl, iankcfl`fl/parpksfnfl/iadftkfl,
trfudf sacfdf tudoun iadofl`) yfl` parlfn hkfcfdk pfskal
 pfhf dfsf cfcu.
h. Fspai mkski/okece`ks
Zal`ifbkfl hkmeiusifl pfhf skstad hfl mul`sk er`fl.
f) Qiur hfl eosarvfsk tflhf-tflhf vktfc, sapartk taiflfl hfrfn, lfhk,
sunu, parlfpfsfl pfskal.
 o) Qiur tkl``k ofhfl hfl oarft ofhfl pfskal.
g) Xflyfifl iapfhf pfskal/iacufr`f, fpfifn fhf iacunfl mkski yfl`

hkrfsfifl ecan pfskal, okcf fhf oark tflhf –✗— pfhf ietfi –[f— hfl

 okcf tkhfi oark tflhf –✗— pfhf ietfi –Xkhfi—.

h) Ifbk caokn cflbut skstad hfl mul`sk er`fl hfl bacfsifl sasufk hal`fl
iacunfl yfl` fhf.
a) Dfsfcfn iaparfwftfl hktucks sasufk hal`fl hftf yfl` fhf.
a. Fspai pskieseskfc
f) @ale`rfd
Ouftcfn `ale`rfd dklkdfc tk`f `alarfsk yfl` hfpft
dal``fdofrifl nuoul`fl pfskal hfl iacufr`f, dksfclyf saof`fk
 oarkiut.
Bacfsifl dfsfcfn yfl` tarifkt hal`fl iedulkifsk, pal`fdokcfl
iaputusfl, hfl pecf fsun.
Dfsfcfn iaparfwftfl hktucks sasufk hal`fl hftf.
m. Wtftus daltfc
f) Gktrf tuoun
Xflyfifl parsapsk pfskal tarnfhfp tuounlyf, of`kfl tuoun yfl`
hksuifk, hfl of`kfl yfl` tkhfi hksuifk. Khaltktfs hkrk, tflyfifl
taltfl` nfc oarkiut.
6. Wtftus hfl pesksk pfskal saoacud hkrfwft.
0. Pfnfd
6) F`fdf2 iayfiklfl pfskal tarnfhfp suftu f`fdf sagfrf
 oarcaoknfl hfl hkugfpifl sagfrf oarucfl` tatfpk tkhfi
sasufk hal`fl ialyftffl.
?) Wedftki2 pfskal dadpulyfk iayfiklfl taltfl`
tuounlyf hfl hkiftfifl sagfrf oarucfl` yfl` tkhfi
sasufk hal`fl ialyftffl.
7) Iaoasfrfl2 pfskal dadpulyfk iayfiklfl oarcaoknfl
tarnfhfp iadfdpufllyf yfl` hksfdpfkifl sagfrf
 oarucfl` yfl` tkhfi sasufk hal`fl ialyftffl.
8) Gurk`f2 pfskal dadpulyfk iayfiklfl ofnwf fhf
sasaerfl` ftfu iacedpei, yfl` oarusfnf daru`kifl
ftfu dalgaharfk hkrklyf yfl` hksfdpfkifl sagfrf
 oarucfl` hfl tkhfi sasufk hal`fl ialyftffl.
1)  Lknkckstki2 pfskal yfikl ofnwf hkrklyf suhfn tkhfi fhf
hk hulkf/dalkl``fc yfl` hklyftfifl sagfrf oarucfl`,
tkhfi sasufk ialyftffl.
=) Pfnfd yfl` flan (okzfrra) fltfrf cfkl saof`fk oarkiut.
 Wkskp pkikr2 pfskal yfikl fhf kha pkikrfl erfl` cfkl
yfl` hkskskpifl hk hfcfd pkikrfl yfl` hksfdpfkifl
sagfrf oarucfl` hfl tkhfi sasufk hal`fl ialyftffl.
 Wkfr pkikr2 pfskal yfikl ofnwf erfl` cfkl
dal`atfnuk fpf yfl` hkf pkikrifl wfcfupul hkf
tkhfi dalyftfifl iapfhf erfl` tarsaout yfl`
hklyftfifl sagfrf oarucfl` hfl tkhfi sasufk hal`fl
ialyftffl.
 Ieltrec pkikr2 pfskal yfikl pkikrfllyf hkieltrec
ecan iaiuftfl hfrk cufr. Bacfsifl fpf yfl` hkiftfifl
ecan pfskal
 p. Daiflksda iepkl`
Hftf hkhfpftifl dacfcuk wfwflgfrf pfhf pfskal ftfu iacufr`flyf.
Oark tflhf pfhf ietfi iepkl` yfl` hkdkckik pfskal, ofki fhfptkm
dfupul dfcfhfptkm.
q. Dfsfcfn pskieseskfc hfl ckl`iul`fl
Hftf hkhfpftifl dacfcuk wfwflgfrf pfhf pfskal ftfu iacufr`flyf.
Zfhf tkfp dfsfcfn yfl` hkdkckik pfskal oark urfkfl spaskmki, skl`ift,
hfl bacfs.
r. Zal`atfnufl
Hftf hkhfpftifl dacfcuk wfwflgfrf pfhf pfskal. Zfhf tkfp ktad
yfl` hkdkckik ecan pfskal skdpucifl hfcfd dfsfcfn.
?. Flfcksf Hftf

Hftf Atkece`k Hkf`lesf

Hftf Wuobaitkm Zalkcfkfl kltarlfc Nfr`f hkrk ralhfn
Zfskal ftfu iacufr`f klhkvkhu dfupul
dal`ul`ifpifl  palkcfkfl aistalfc
taltfl`2 yfl` la`ftkva
f. Nfc la`ftkva hfrk
hkrk salhkrk ftfu
erfl` cfkl Daiflksda iepkl`
 o. Zarfsffl tkhfi dfcfhfptkva
dfdpu
g. Zfhfl`fl nkhup
yfl` paskdks Nfr`f hkrk ralhfn
h. Zalecfifl
tarnfhfp
iadfdpufl hkrk @fl``ufl parsapsk
Hftf Eobaitkm salserk
f. Zalurulfl
 prehuitkvktfs
  o. Xkhfi oarflk
dalftfp cfwfl
 okgfrf
g. Caokn oflyfi
dalulhuiifl
iapfcf sfft
 oarkltarfisk
h. Okgfrf cfdoft
hal`fl lfhf
sufrf cadfs
Hftf Wuobaitkm Iatkhfi amaitkmfl Ksecfsk seskfc
Zfskal ftfu iacufr`f iepkl` klhkvkhu
dal`ul`ifpifl taltfl`
f. Kl`kl salhkrk
 o. Dalfrki hkrk @fl``ufl nfr`f hkrk2
g. Fhflyf nfr`f hkrk ralhfn
 pardusunfl
h. Darfsf tkhfi Ksecfsk seskfc
fdfl hk tadpft
udud
a. Zarfsffl oaroahf @fl``ufl parsapsk
hfrk erfl` cfkl salserk
Hftf Eobaitkm
f. _kwfyft hktecfi
 o. Xkhfi fhf ieltfi
dftf
g. Xarcknft sahkn
Hftf Wuobaitkm Iatkhfi amaitkmfl _askie oulun hkrk
Zfskal ftfu iacufr`f iepkl` klhkvkhu
dal`ul`ifpifl taltfl`
 f. Ksecfsk seskfc
 o. Iasapkfl Zutus fsf
g. Zutus fsf
h. Xkhfi oarhfyf
a. Dal`ftfifl _askie oulun hkrk
iakl`klfl ultui
dftk
Hftf Eobaitkm Iadftkfl
f. Xkhfi fhf ieltfi
dftf
 o. Fhflyf rkwfyft
hk ouccy

7. Hkf`lesf Iaparfwftfl
Hkf`lesf iaparfwftfl bkwf yfl` dul`ikl hfpft dulguc pfhf
 pfskal hal`fl Ztsth (Xrfudf,Ouccykl`) fhfcfn saof`fk oarkiut2
f. Nfr`f Hkrk _alhfn
 o. Ksecfsk Weskfc
g. _askie Oulun Hkrk
8. Kltarvalsk Iaparfwftfl
f. Kltarvalsk Nfr`f Hkrk _alhfn
f) Xubufl
6) Zfskal hfpft dal`khaltkmkifsk iadfdpufl hfl fspai
 pesktkm yfl` hkdkckik.
?) Zfskal hfpft dalkcfk iadfdpufl yfl` hfpft hk`ulfifl.
7) Zfskal hfpft dalatfpifl/dadkckn ia`kftfl yfl` sasufk
iadfdpufl.
8) Zfskal hfpft dacftkn ia`kftfl yfl` suhfn hkpkckn, sasufk
iadfdpufl.
1) Zfskal hfpft daralgflfifl ia`kftfl yfl` suhfn
hkcftknlyf.
 o) Xklhfifl iaparfwftfl
6) Dal`khaltkmkifsk iadfdpufl hfl fspai pesktkm yfl`
dfskn hkdkckik pfskal.
f. Dalhksiuskifl ofnwf pfskal dfskn dadkckik
sabudcfn iadfdpufl hfl fspai pesktkm sapartk
ia`kftfl pfskal hk rudfn, sartf fhflyf iacufr`f hfl
ckl`iul`fl tarhaift pfskal.
 o. Oark pubkfl yfl` rafckstki/lyftf hfl nklhfrifl satkfp
ifck oartadu hal`fl pfskal palkcfkfl yfl` la`ftkm.
?) Dadofltu pfskal hfpft dalkcfk iadfdpufl yfl` hfpft
hk`ulfifl.
f. Dalhksiuskifl hal`fl pfskal iadfdpufl yfl`
dfskn hfpft hk`ulfifl sfft klk satacfn dal`fcfdk
 oalgflf.
 o. Ofltu pfskal dalyaoutifllyf hfl dadoark
 pal`uftfl tarnfhfp iadfdpufl hkrk yfl`
hkul`ifpifl pfskal.
g. Zarcknftifl raspels yfl` ielhuskm hfl dalbfhk
 palhal`fr yfl` fitkm.
7) Dadofltu pfskal hfpft dadkckn/dalatfpifl ia`kftfl
sasufk hal`fl iadfdpufl.
f. Dalhksiuskifl hal`fl pfskal oaoarfpf fitkvktfs
yfl` hfpft hkcfiuifl hfl hkpkckn saof`fk ia`kftfl
yfl` fifl pfskal cfiuifl sanfrk-nfrk.
 o. Ofltu pfskal dalatfpifl fitkvktfs yfl` hfpft pfskal
cfiuifl sagfrf dflhkrk, fitkvktfs yfl` dadarcuifl
 ofltufl dklkdfc hfrk iacufr`f, hfl fitkvktfs yfl`
 parcu ofltufl palun hfrk iacufr`f ftfu ckl`iul`fl
tarhaift pfskal. Oarkifl gelten gfrf pacfisflffl
fitkvktfs yfl` hfpft hkcfiuifl pfskal. Wusul
  oarsfdf pfskal hfl ouft hfmtfr fitkvktfs ftfu
ia`kftfl sanfrk-nfrk pfskal.

8) Dacftkn ia`kftfl pfskal yfl` suhfn hkpkckn sasufk

iadfdpufl.
f. Dalhksiuskifl hal`fl pfskal ultui dalatfpifl
urutfl ia`kftfl (yfl` suhfn hkpkckn pfskal) yfl`
fifl hkcftknifl.
 o. Oarsfdf pfskal hfl iacufr`f dadparf`fifl
 oaoarfpf ia`kftfl yfl` fifl hkcfiuifl pfskal.
g. Oarkifl huiul`fl hfl pubkfl yfl` lyftf satkfp
iadfbufl yfl` hkparcknftifl pfskal.
1) Dadofltu pfskal hfpft daralgflfifl ia`kftfl sasufk
iadfdpufllyf.
f. Dadoark iasadpftfl pfhf pfskal ultui dalgeof
ia`kftfl yfl` tacfn hkcftknifl.
 o. Oark pubkfl ftfs fitkvktfs/ia`kftfl yfl` hfpft
hkcfiuifl pfskal satkfp nfrk.
g. Xkl`iftifl ia`kftfl sasufk hal`fl tkl`ift tecarflsk
hfl paruofnfl satkfp fitkvktfs.
h. Wusul hfmtfr fitkvktfs yfl` suhfn hkcftknifl
a.  oarsfdf pfskal hfl iacufr`f.
m. Oarkifl iasadpftfl dal`ul`ifpifl parfsfflyf
satacfn pacfisflffl ia`kftfl.
`. [fiklifl ofnwf iacufr`f dalhuiul` satkfp
fitkvktfs yfl` hkcfiuifl pfskal.
g) Xklhfifl Iaparfwftfl pfhf Iacufr`f
6. Xubufl
f. Iacufr`f hfpft dadofltu pfskal dal`khaltkmkifsk
iadfdpufl yfl` hkdkckik.
 OFO K]
ZALQXQZ

F. Iaskdpucfl
Ouccykl` fifl salfltkfsf tarbfhk hfl sarkl` tkhfi dalhfpftifl
 parnftkfl hfrk pfrf `uru ifralf parkstkwf klk hkfl``fp nfc okfsf hfl wfbfr,
lfdul bkif hkparnftkifl caokn cflbut saoalfrlyf ouccykl` sfl`ft oflyfi
dadoarkifl hfdpfi la`ftkm pfhf hkrk ierofl. Zarfl `uru hfl padokdokl`
hk saiecfn sfl`ft paltkl` ultui dadklkdfckskrlyf f`fr skswf-skswf hk
saiecfn hfpft oariadofl` hal`fl wfbfr hfcfd sufsflf `adokrf tkhfi
hal`fl iatfiutfl. Xucksfl hk ftfs sade`f dadofltu pfrf erfl` tuf, `uru,
hfl ielsacer hfcfd dal`nfhfpk ouccykl` yfl` tarbfhk hk saiecfn. Wade`f
 ouccykl` tfi tarbfhk cf`k hk saiecfn-saiecfn iktf, fpfokcf iktf dfdpu
dacfiuifl pal`fwfsfl.
 Ouccykl` tarbfhk tflpf fhf dfisuh yfl` bacfs ftfu hal`fl tubufl
ultui dal`fl``u ierofl yfl` hkcfiuifl sagfrf sal`fbf. Xklhfifl tarsaout
hfpft dalyfiktk ierofl ofki sagfrf mkski dfupul pskiks sankl``f hfpft
dadoarkifl hfdpfi la`ftkm pfhf ierofl. Wapartk fhflyf parfsffl ta rtaifl,
tfiut, gadfs, sahkn hfl dadouft ierofl tkhfi lyfdfl sartf iankcfl`fl
detkvfsk. Ielhksk yfl` hkfcfdk ierofl sagfrf oarucfl` hfpft oarpal`frun
tarnfhfp iapargfyffl hkrk, nfr`f hkrk hfl prastfsk fifhadki.
Oarof`fk dfsfcfn iaparfwftfl hfpft dulguc pfhf pfskal hal`fl
trfudf ouccykl`, hkfltfrflyf fhfcfn nfr`f hkrk ralhfn, ksecfsk seskfc hfl
raskie oulun hkrk, padoarkfl kltarvalsk yfl` tapft hfl hataisk hklk fhflyf
tklhfifl ouccykl` hfpft dal`urfl`k raskie tarbfhklyf hfdpfi yfl` caokn
cufs hfl dfscfn yfl` caokn oasfr, oarof`fk tarfpk hfpft hkcf iuifl pfhf
  pfskal trfudf ouccykl`, hkfltfrflyf hal`fl tarfpk nkplesks hfl
tarfpk prkcfiu fsartkva.
O. Wfrfl
sfrfl hfppft hktubuifl iapfhf 7 pknfi yfktu saiecfn, radfbf, hfl erfl` tuf.
Of`k saiecfn hksfrflifl ultui caokn ta`fs cf`k hfcfd dadparnftkifl hfl
dalfl``fpk parkcfiu ouccykl` yfl` tarbfhk hk saiecfn. Zarculyf pal`fwfsfl
inusus bu`f hfpft dalbfhk sfcfn sftu gfrf dal`urfl`k parkcfiu ouccykl`
yfl` fhf. Fhflyf palyucunfl taltfl` ouccykl` bu`f hkrfsfifl parcu
hkcfiuifl, ofki ktu ultui skswf dfupul pknfi `uru. Ifralf hal`fl caokn
dadfnfdk ouccykl` hfl sa`fcf hfdpfilyf, `uru hfl skswf hfpft oaiarbf
sfdf hfcfd dalga`fn tarbfhklyf parkcfiu ouccykl` hk saiecfn. Of`k radfbf
yfl` dal`atfnuk fhflyf tklhfifl ouccykl` hksaiktfrlyf hknfrfpifl hfpft
dalga`fn hfl dal`naltkifl tklhfifl tarsaout, sfcfn sftu gfrflyf hal`fl
dacfperifl tklhfifl tarsaout pfhf pknfi saiecfn ftfu erfl` tuf. Wagfrf
inusus ultui pacfiu ouccykl`, f`fr dalyfhfrk ofnwf parkcfiulyf tarsaout
tkhfi nflyf fifl oarhfdpfi ourui pfhf ierofllyf, lfdul bu`f pfhf
hkrklyf salhkrk. Fpfpul oaltuilyf, parkcfiu ouccykl` nflyf fifl
dadoarkifl hfdpfi yfl` ourui. Erfl` tuf bu`f hknfrfpifl caokn fwfra
tarnfhfp parkcfiu daraif iapfhf radfbf ifralf sa`fcf parkcfiu daraif
hfpft hkparsapskifl ecan radfbf. Erfl` tuf hknfrfpifl caokn sarkus cf`k
dalfl``fpk taltfl` ouccykl` hfl caokn paif cf`k ultui dadparnftkifl
fpfifn flfilyf tarckoft ouccykl` ftfu tkhfi, sartf hfpft dadoarkifl frfnfl
yfl` pesktkm of`k flfilyf. Erfl` tuf hknfrfpifl dfdpu dalbfhk reca
dehac yfl` pesktkm ultui flfi-flfilyf hal`fl dalbfhk gelten yfl` pesktkm
(dksfclyf2 tkhfi dadoarkifl pfl``kcfl yfl` la`ftkm pfhf flfi, tkhfi
dadoaltfi hal`fl iftf-iftf ifsfr, hso) sankl``f flfi dalbfhk caokn
 pfnfd fpf yfl` pfltfs hfl dflf yfl` tkhfi pfltfs ultui hkcfiuifl.
 HFMXF_ ZQWXFIF

Fzks _kmqk Findfh. ?:61.  Amaitkvktfs Zacftknfl Fsartkvktfs ultui Dalkl`iftifl

 Zarkcfiu Fsartkm Wkswf Ierofl Ouccykl` . Burlfc Ielsackl` hfl Zalhkhkifl
KWWL Gatfi2 ?770-=08: ‗  KWWL
Oatka maorkflf.?:6=.  Zal`frun Xarfpk Ie`lktkm Xarnfhfp Nfr`f Hkrk _adfbf
 Ierofl Ouccykl` . Burlfc Kcdu Iaparfwftfl, ]ec 82, Le 6.
Acf zfkl zfikyfn, hii. ?:60. Mfiter [fl` Dadpal`frunk _adfbf Hfcfd
 Dacfiuifl Ouccykl` . burlfc palacktkfl & ppd kssl2 ?88?-88>x
Mktryfsfrk _kziy & Lknfyftk Alhfl` Nflki. ?:61. Ouiu Fbfr Iasanftfl
Iaparfwftfl Bkwf. Bfifrtf2Wfcadof Dahkif
Kmhkc. ?:61.  Fpckifsk Nkplesks hfcfd Ielsackl` . [e`yfifrtf. Qlkvarsktfs Zutrf
Klhelaskf [ZXI Zfhfl`
Kinsflk luruc cack. ?:61.  Hklfdkif Zskiece`ks Ierofl Ouccykl` Zfhf _adfbf.
Wurfifrtf 2 ulkvarsktfs dunfddfhkyfn surfifrtf
Dfbkh Klhrf.?:60. Dal`alfc Nkpletks Deharl. Bfifrtf2 KNF
_flk _findfwftk, hii.?:68. Dateha Iaparfwftfl Iedpcadaltar Nkpletarfpk
Qltui Dalurulifl Amai Wtrass Zfsgf Xrfudf Xkl`ift Wahfl` Zfhf Mfsa
 _anfokcktfsk Wkstad Zalfl``ucfl`fl Ia`fwfthfrurftfl Xarpfhu (Wp`ht).
Burlfc iaparfwftfl, Z-KWWL ?:>=-7:06
Wugkpte.?:6?. Ouccykl` Hfl Qpfyf Dadklkdfcksfskifllyf. pskiepahf`e`kf, vec.
6,le.6
Wurkcalf.?:6=. Zarkcfiu Ouccykl` (Zarulhul`fl) pfhf Flfi hfl _adfbf. GHI 71
-?7=/ vec. 87 le. 6
Xudel Ofrf Fska Dftrfksf.?:68. Wtuhk Hasirkptkm Zarkcfiu Ouccykl` pfhf _adfbf.
Gfcyptrf2 Burlfc Kcdkfn Dfnfskswf Qlkvarsktfs Wurfofyf ]ec.7 Le.6
Pfrhflf Iftyflf.?:61. Ouiu Zflhufl Dacfwfl Ouccykl`.suhfn hel`.ged
[flk cklhf ftnk. ?:6=.  Aispcerfsk Maledalf Ierofl Ouccykl` Zfhf Iasanftfl
 Bkwf _adfbf Hk Zasfltral. Burlfc kcdu iaparfwftfl, vec28 , le.?