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1 987- 1 2- 1 5
. ;1 . . , , “. . I I &. . %. B. . f.
,
Part 3 :
Re f e ren ce n u mb e r
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 9 8 7 ( E)
‘,
Foreword
I S0 ( th e I nternati onal Org an i zat i on for Stan dardi zati on ) is a worl dwi d e federati on of
nati onal s tan dard s bod i es ( I S0 m em be r bodi es) . Th e work of prepari n g I n ternati on al
the ri g ht to be represen ted on that commi t t ee. I ntern ati onal org ani zati on s, g overn -
Draft I ntern ati onal St an d ard s adopt ed by the tech n i cal com mi t t ees are ci rcu l ated to
the m e m ber bod i es for approval before thei r accept an ce as I nternati onal Stan d ard s by
I n ternati on al St an dard I S0 7884- 3 was prepared by Tech n i cal Com mi t t ee I SO/TC 48,
Part 3 :
part s :
2 Fi el d of appl i cati on
N OTE S
t e mpe rat u re . tai n ed by speci al test proced u res in appropri ate, wel l - d efi n ed ap-
3 Ref eren ce
d yn ami c vi scosi ty of g l as s by m e as u ri n g th e el o n g at i o n of a
t u re r an g e is u sef u l for fi tti n g s u i t abl e vi sco s i t y- t emperat u re th e s ampl e . Th e fi bre is th e cyl i n d ri cal part of th e t est
*
1 d Pas = 1 z = 1 P
1
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 987 ( El
d e ci pascal s e co n d s ( d Pas) .
Th e l o ad co n si sts of al l parts of th e apparatu s on wh i ch g ravi ty
appl i ed ( se e 9 . 2 ) .
l o ad i n g pi e ce s bel ow th e sp e ci m e n ( a g i ve n val u e fo r th e appar-
an d e l o n g ati o n
cro ss- se cti o n u n d er co n si d erati o n ( se e 9. 2) . Th e fo rce due to Th e tabl e s h o ws th e e xpe ct e d val u e s of th e ti me i n terval At, for
g ravi ty vari es l i n earl y fro m ze ro at th e l o we r en d to g . e. 1 . S at g i ve n l o ad s in rel ati on to th e vi sco si ty. Th e val u e s are
u n d er a l o ad of m as s m ( as co rre cte d fo r d e ad - we i g h t
d i ame te r d, = 0, 737 mm
1 0” 25 600 6 40 0 1 600 40 0 1 00
dl 1 Fol *
- = - xx 1 0’2 256000 64000 1 6000 4 000 I 1 000
. . .
dt 3rj V
1 0' 3 - ( I ( 1 6~ 00 / 40 : ‘ E(
wh e re I 1 0' 4
I-
q i s th e d yn ami c vi sco si ty;
At; = Ats. ft . . . ( 4)
Du ri n g th e ti me i n terval At of th e m e asu r e me n t , th e fi bre
e l o n g at e s fro m th e i n i ti al l e n g th I, to th e fi n al l e n g th 1 2 Th e n
g At
1 2 x 1 1
* . . ( 2)
Th e e sti mate d val u e s At, an d At: d e ri ve d fro m th e tabl e,
q = 3 Xm xTX-
1 2 - 4
fi g u re 1 an d e q u ati o n ( 4) g i ve on l y a su rve y of th e e xpe ct e d
wh o l e e l o n g ati o n of th e fi bre d u ri n g a se q u e n ce of
g is th e ave r ag e accel erati o n of free fal l ; me asu r e m e n t s on th e sam e fi bre. Fo r th e q u an ti tati ve e val u a-
2
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 9 8 7 ( E)
-
a h i g h - mass bl o ck of n i ckel or si l ver aro u n d th e fi bre,
wi th a n u m be r of h ol es fo r fi xed t h ermo co u pl e s; or
-
a mo bi l e t h e rmo co u pl e ( su ch as th e rmo co u pl e B in
fi g u re 2) .
1 9 8 7, su b- cl au se 5. 3 ) .
reg u l arl y.
can be o mi tte d .
Fi g u re 1 - Co n ve r si o n facto r ft as a fu n cti o n of th e fi bre
d i amete r dl
6. 3 H an g i n g d e vi ce fo r te st sp e ci me n an d l o ad
6 Apparatu s
6. 3. 1 Th e co n stru cti o n of th e su ppo rt for th e te st spe ci m e n
fi g u re 2) . th en a t u be of fu se d si l i ca i s u se d as a su ppo rt stan d .
El ectri cal l y h e at e d fu rn ace fo r te mpe rat u re s at l e ast up to
Th e t u be pro j e cts i n to th e wo rki n g sp ace of th e fu rn ace fro m
900 OC. Th e fu rn ace sh al l be capabl e of acce pt i n g th er-
be l o w. Th e ce n t re d su ppo rt pl ate on to p of th e stan d is m ad e
m o co u p l e s fo r me asu ri n g th e t empe ratu re an d i ts d i stri bu ti o n
fro m cerami c or fro m stai n l e ss steel . Th e test spe ci m e n is
al o n g th e spe ci m e n . Th e te mpe ratu re g rad i e n t at th e l o cu s of
su sp e n d e d by i ts u ppe r bal l wh i ch l o cate s in a cen tral re ce ss in
th e spe ci m e n sh al l n ot e xce e d 0, 2 ‘ C/cm .
th e su ppo rt pl ate. Be cau se of po ssi bl e ad h e si o n of th e g l ass, a
an d th e u pp e r bal l of th e test sp e ci me n .
ti me, wi th i n th e wo rki n g s p ace of th e fu rn ace, to f 1 OC or bet-
m axi mu m rate of 6 ‘ Y/mi n sh al l be ach i evabl e by th e sam e 6. 3. 2 Wh e n u si n g a verti cal l y mou n ted mu ffl e fu rn ace ( bo th
d e vi ce . en d s o pe n ) , th e fi bre is co n n e ct e d to an u p pe r ro d of fu se d
si l i ca. Examp l e s of d e vi ce s fo r co n n e ct i n g th e te st sp e ci m e n to
Th e fu rn ace an d i ts co n tro l d e vi ce sh al l h ave ch aracte ri sti cs
th e ro d ( by m e an s of bal l s) are s h o wn in fi g u res 3 an d 4. It is
th ro u g h o u t th e d e te rmi n ati o n .
6. 3. 3 Th e l o ad i n g l i n kag e co n si st s of a ro d ( m ad e of fu se d
6. 2 Te mperatu re me asu ri n g an d i n d i cati n g i n stru me n ts
si l i ca, abo u t 1 mm in d i ame te r) bel ow th e te st spe ci me n , wi th
fu se d bal l s on b o th en d s an d co n n e ct o rs as s h o wn i n fi g u re 3 or
num ( type S acco rd i n g to I E C 584- l 1 t h e rmo co u pl e s, or n i ckel - men t of th e l o ad carri es a su i tabl e i n d i cato r fo r th e el o n g ati o n
ch ro mi u m/n i ckel ( type K acco rd i n g to I EC 5 84- I ) th e rmo - m e asu re me n t ( marker or tran sd u ce r co re) . Fo r th e me d i u m
3
I SO 78 8 4- 3 : 1 987 ( El
I
F- - . - * - . . . . . . . . . . . <
31 H o t j u n cti o n of
‘ th e rmo co u pl e B
H o t j u n cti o n o
th e rmo co u pl e
2’
-
1 ’
8,
Y
z?i !
1 Co n n e ct o r fo r th e l o wer bal l of th e te st sp e ci m e n an d th e 5 Lo ad i n g d e vi ce ( on l y th e ro d i s sh o wn )
l o ad , se e fi g u res 3 an d 4) 6 Su ppo rt st an d : tu be of fu se d si l i ca
Fi g u re 3 - Co n n e ct o r bl o ck ( metal ) b o re d to act as h an g i n g d e vi ce
4
I S0 7884- 3 : 1 9 97 (I 3
6. 3. 4 Wh e n meas u ri n g wi t h i n the r an g e f rom I Os t o 1 0 s d Pas , 6. 6 Eq u i pmen t for preparat i on of t est s peci men s
approxi mat el y 1 g.
preparat i o n is u s ed .
6. 4 Lo ad i n g pi eces
n earl y to the val u es g i ven in the t abl e. Wh e n th e mas s of the 6. 6. 5 Mi cro met er cal i per, wi t h a l east me as u r eme n t of
l oad i n g l i n kag e d evi ce (i n acco rd an ce wi t h 6. 3. 3) is 4 g, th en 0, 005 mm, for meas u ri n g th e fi bre d i amet ers. Th e s u rf ace of
the appropri at e mas s e s of th e pi eces are 1 2 g, 60 g an d 252 g, the fi bre sh al l n ot b e d am ag e d by t h e ad van ce me n t of the spi n -
d u ri n g th e t i me i n t erval At.
Th e i n st ru men t for o bs ervi n g the d o wn war d s mo vi n g marker Mel t a t est port i on of abo u t 2 to 3 cm3 of th e s ampl e in the
of Al . It sh al l be possi bl e to posi t i on it in ad van ce so t h at th e bal l . Re m o ve the t est port i on f rom the f l ame an d d r aw ou t the
r an g e of obs ervat i on . Errors ari si n g f ro m i n correct g rad u at i on at i on of th e mo r e vol ati l e co mpo n e n t s of the g l ass,
N OTE - Su i tabl e d evi ces are for exampl e travel l i n g mi cro scope s wi t h especi al l y wi t h respect to the
me as u r e me n t s sh ou l d n ot e x ce e d 0, l x lo
Th e me t h o d appl i es to g l as s es wi t h a t e n d e n cy to cryst al l i ze.
0, 2 %.
d r awn by h an d or an y su i t abl e d evi ce.
5
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 9 8 7 ( El
7. 3 Fi n i sh i n g th e test speci men respect to th e wal l of th e fu rn ace. Obse rve as soon as po ssi bl e
th e d rawn fi bre ( se e 7. 1 or 7. 2) , 20 to 30 mm l on g er th an th e
th an 2 % d u ri n g on e test.
we en th e bal l s) is d etermi n ed to th e n earest 0, 2 mm. Gen eral l y, N OTE - Du ri n g a 2 % el on g ati on of th e fi bre, th e i n stan tan eou s speed
th e d i ameter sh al l be between 0, 6 an d 0, 8 mm. For me asu ri n g of th e d escen d i n g i n d i cator i n crease s by 4 %. Th e ti me for a 2 % fi bre
th e tabl e.
are acceptabl e. A n u mbe r of d etermi n ati on s of th e d i ameter
8 Pro ce d u re
eq u al to fi ve ti mes th e val u e of ABl At. Th en i n trod u ce th e test
Gen eral l y, th e fi bre el on g ati on me asu re me n t is an absol u te th e temperatu re u si n g th e sam e i n terval s bu t d i spl aced ag ai n st
d etermi n ati on of th e vi sco si ty, i . e. th e vi sco si ty is cal cu l ated th e el on g ati on read i n g s by h al f an i n terval . ( Th e con ti n u ou s
pari son wi th a certi fi ed stan d ard th ermocou pl e. Repeat th e Th e meth od appl i es to i n i ti al temperatu res eq u al to or so m e
n eal i n g poi n t.
8. 2 Determi n ati on of th e vi sco si ty at co n stan t N OTE - Wh e n th e vi sco si ty- te mperatu re beh avi ou r is co mpl e te l y
an n eal i n g poi n t.
6
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 9 8 7 ( E)
d epen d i n g on th e rate of h eati n g . Wi th i n th e ran g e of 9. 3 Eval u ati on of th e measu remen ts at con stan t
tori es sh al l ag ree on th e ti me- temperatu re pro g ramme ch osen . mi l l i me tre s. Appl y th e co rrecti on s expl ai n ed in 9. 2 if n e ce ssary.
4 % of th e mean .
9. 5 Represen tati on of th e resu l ts; preci si on
to I S0 7884- l .
9. 1 Fi bre vo l u me
a) scatter of read i n g s;
measu re men t, th i s error in vo l u m e of th e fi bre can be
n eg l ected .
fi tti n g cu rve;
9. 2 Correcti on of th e l oad
c) u n certai n ty of th e fi bre vo l u me , i n i ti al l en g th , correcti on
of th e l oad .
Wh e n th e l oad i n g mass is l e ss th an 4 g, correcti o n s sh al l be
to ( 8) :
1 + ( Al l /, ) 1 0 Test report
q = 3 2 7 OOxAt x; x x m* . . . ( 5)
Al /l ,
Th e test report sh al l i n cl u d e :
wh ere
a) referen ce to th i s part of I S0 7884;
m* = m+ fQ- f. . . . ( 6)
b) d escri pti on of th e sampl e ;
fe = 0, 000 5 x @ x v . . . ( 7)
c) meth o d of sampl i n g ;
f, = 0, 0001 8 x o x . * . ( 8)
d) n u mbe r of test spe ci m e n s;
e) meth o d of preparati on ;
wh ere
f) test proced u re ( 8. 2 or 8. 3) ;
ti metre;
g) ti me- temperatu re pro g ramme of th e me asu reme n t;
per metre;
Wh e n th e val u e of th e su rface ten si on is u n kn own , e sti mate i ts j) an y ch an g e in th e g l ass, observed d u ri n g an d /or after
7
I S0 78 8 4- 3 : 1 9 8 7 ( El
An n e x
Bi bl i og raph y
P OOLE , J . P. I mpr o ve d appar atu s fo r me asu ri n g vi sco si ty of g l asse s in an n e al i n g ran g e of tempe ratu re . J. Ame r. Ce r am. So t. , 1 9 49
ZI J LSTRA, A. L. Th e vi sco si ty of some si l i cate g l asse s in co n n e cti o n wi th th ermal h i sto ry. Ph ysi cs an d Ch e mi str y of G /asse s, Au g u st
8
I S0 76 6 4- 3 : 1 9 6 7 ( E)
U DC 6 66 . 1 1 . 0 1 : 632. 1 3