DIFFERENT PROPERTIES OF

HARMFUL AND
USEFUL MATERIALS
for Science Grade 5
Quarter 1/Week 2
 FOREWORD

This self-learning kit will serve as a guide for you to gain

knowledge and understanding in Science about different
properties of materials. This learning kit contains activities that are
made to give you a whole new experience in learning the topic
while staying inside the comfort of your own home. The activities
prepared involves identifying different properties of materials that
can only be found inside your home. Moreover, the concepts you
learn will help you gain more understanding of the things around
us.

Perform all the activities and read all the discussions in this
self-learning kit for it will help you understand how different
materials or substances differ from one another based on their
properties and will prepare you in future discussions about the
topic. Enjoy learning while you take good care of this self-learning
kit.

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 OBJECTIVES:

1. Identify the different properties of materials.

2. Describe the properties of materials to determine whether
they are useful or harmful.
3. Perform the experiments with precaution.

LEARNING COMPETENCY:

Use the properties of materials to determine whether they are

useful or harmful. S5MT-Ia-b-1

I. WHAT HAPPENED

You learned from previous

lesson that there are materials
which are safe and harmful
based on some broad
definitions. This time, we’re going
to identify these harmful and
useful materials based on their
properties.

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 PRE-ACTIVITY

SCIQUIZ #1

Put a check (✔) in the appropriate column of the properties of

household materials found at home. Write your answer in your
notebook.

PROPERTIES
MATERIALS Easily Bent Float in Soluble
broken without water (dissolves Hard
breaking in water)
1. Sugar

2. Coins

3. Mirror

4. Electrical
wire
5. Paper

6. Wooden
table

SCIQUIZ #2

Draw a star if the statement is true and circle if it is

false. Write your answer inside the box shown on the left. Do it in your
notebook.
1.The ability of a material to be bent
1.
without breaking is flexibility.

2.The ability of a material to be

2.
stretched and returned to their original
form when released is hardness.
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 3.Density refers to the amount of
3. mass in a given volume. It is the
property that makes some objects
float in water.

4. 4.The ability of a substance to be

dissolved in another substance is
solubility.

II. What You Need to Know

There are different materials or substances that have unique

properties. These properties include, but are not limited to, the
following:
SOLUBILITY Solubility is the For example: Stirring a
ability to be tablespoon of salt in a glass of
dissolved in a water.
liquid.

MALLEABILITY Malleability is the For example: Hammering a

ability of a metal metal bar causing it to
to be hammered deform.
or beaten flat.

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BRITTLENESS Brittleness is the For example: Hammering a
ability of an piece of glass causing it to
object to be break.
easily broken or
crushed into
pieces.

FLEXIBILITY Flexibility is the For example: Bending a coil

ability of a spring.
material to be
bent without
breaking

HARDNESS Hardness is the For example: The bricks that

property of an make up the walls of a house.
object that makes
it withstand
pressure

CHEMICAL Chemical For example: The rusting of iron

REACTIVITY reactivity is the nails when left outside for a
ability of a long time.
material to react
and produce new
materials when
combined with
oxygen, acid and
water.

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 DENSITY Density refers to For example: When a wood
the amount of floats in water while a stone
mass in a given sinks.
volume. It is the
property that
makes some
objects float in
water.

ACTIVITIES

Some safety precautions before doing the activity.

• Be careful in handling apparatus.
• Be sure to do the experiment with the supervision of your
parents or adults.
• Dress appropriately.
• Use equipment with care for the purpose for which it is
intended.
• Be careful when working with apparatus that may be hot.
• Follow directions carefully.

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 Activity 1 – Density

Objective:
Describe the properties of materials as to density.
Problem:
What materials float and materials sink?
Materials:
basin, 1.5 L water, 5-peso coin and a piece of wood

Procedure:
1. Pour 1.5 L of water into the basin.
2. Try to drop the 5-peso coin and a piece of wood at the
same time.
3. Observe what happen.

Observation:

1. Which is heavier, coin or wood?

2. Why do you think the wood remains floating despite that
it is heavier and bigger?

3. Why did the coin sink?

4. What property of material is being described?

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 Activity 2 – Solubility

Objective: Describe the properties of materials as to solubility

Problem: What materials dissolved and did not dissolve in water?
Materials:
1. salt
2. sand
3. used plastic bottle with cover
4. water

Procedure:
1. Fill half of the bottle with water
2. Add a teaspoon of salt and sand.
3. Cover the bottle.
4. Shake the substance of sand and salt in the bottle of water for
20 seconds.

5. Observe what happened to the substances inside the bottle.

Observation:
1. What materials did you shake in the bottle of water?
2. What happened to salt after shaking?
3. What happened to sand after shaking it in a bottle of water?
4. Which substance dissolved in water?
5. What property of substance/material does salt possess?
6. What other substance can be dissolved in water?
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 Activity 3 – Chemical Reactivity

Objective: Describe the properties of materials as to chemical

reactivity.
Problem: What materials react with other materials?
Materials: Vinegar, baking soda, glass

Procedure:
1. Pour the 10 ml of baking soda into the glass.
2. Put 20 mL of vinegar to the baking soda.
3. Observe what happen.

Observation:
1. What happened to the materials in the activity?
2. What property did they exhibit?
3. How do you describe the chemical reactivity of
materials?
4. What are the evidences of chemical reactivity of
materials?
5. What materials can be combined to produce new
product?
6. What are the effects of chemical reaction in the
environment?

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 Activity 4 – Brittleness and Hardness

Objective: Describe the properties of materials as to brittleness

and hardness
Problem: Which materials break easily and do not break easily?
Materials:
1 pc each Bamboo stick
Metal Ruler
Iron nail Chalk
Block of Wood Crayon
Stones

Procedure:
1. Follow safety measures in performing the activity.
2. Using hammer, break the materials in performing the activity.
3. Identify the materials that break and do not break easily.
4. Record your observation on the table below.

Materials which break easily Materials which did not break

easily

Observation:
1. What did you observe among the materials?
2. Based on your activity, which materials break easily?
3. Which of materials do not break easily?
4. Look at the materials that are hard. Compare them.
5. Look at the materials that easily break. What can you say about
them?
6. What is common among them?
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 Activity 5 – Malleability and Flexibility

Objective: Describe the properties of materials as to malleability

and flexibility.
Problem: Which materials deform and do not deform when being
hammered?
Materials:
1 pc each Coil spring
Metal Old 10-centavo coin
Iron nail Chalk
Stones Crayon

Procedure:
1. Follow safety measures in performing the activity.
2. Start performing the activity by hammering the materials.
3. Identify the materials that deform and do not deform.
4. Record your observation on the table below.

Materials which deformed Materials which did not deform

Questions:
1. What did you observe among the materials?
2. Based on your activity, which materials deformed?
3. Which of materials did not deform?
4. Look at the materials that are flexible. Compare them.
5. Look at the materials that deformed. What can you say
about them?
6. What is common among them?

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DISCUSSION

Teacher, what do we need to

know from the five activities
that we performed?

Good question! Now that you

have performed all the
activities, let us discuss each
one of them.

In the first activity, you have learned what density is by

comparing which material sinks and float when dropped into
the water. You have learned that a material with higher
density sinks while the lesser density floats. This kind of property
is a very important property when it comes to building boats
and ships.
In the second activity, you are able to identify which materials
dissolve in water, in other words, solubility. By performing the
activity, you have learned that not all materials are soluble to
water regardless of their size. Solubility is very useful in
separating mixtures like separating salt from water for the food
that we eat.

In the third activity, you have learned what chemical reactivity

is by observing how materials react to each other combined.
You have observed that because of chemical reactivity new
materials are formed when two or more materials are
combined. This property is very useful in so many
manufacturing companies.

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 That’s amazing, teacher! What
about the last two activities?

In the last two activities, you have learned what

brittleness and hardness are as well as malleability
and flexibility. In the fourth activity, you were able to
determine which materials break easily and do not
break easily. Brittleness and hardness are two
important properties to consider when it comes to
building infrastructures like building houses and roads.
In the last activity, you were able to determine which
materials deform and do not deform when being
hammered. Malleability and flexibility are two useful
properties when making metallic products such as tire
wires and jewelries.

That’s so cool! Now we can conclude that

different materials may have unique properties
which can be useful and harmful for us.
Thank you, teacher!

III. What Have I Learned

Try This #1

Describe what properties, usefulness and harmfulness of

household materials found at home. Copy the table and write your
answer in its corresponding column. Do it in your notebook.

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 Materials Property Usefulness Harmfulness
1.Electrical wire
2. Jalousie
3. Sugar
4. Tiles
5. Wooden
cabinet
6. Rusting spoon
7. Aluminum
casserole
8. Rusting nail

Try This #2

Answer each riddle by guessing the material and properties

being described. Look for your answer on the box below. Copy
and write your answer inside the box shown on the right. Do it in
your notebook.

1. I am made of metal. You can find me in

the kitchen. People use me to fry their
food. What am I?

2. I am made of ceramic. You can find

me in the dining area. People use me if
they want to drink coffee or tea. What
am I?

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 3. I am made to sweeten your food. You
can find me in the dining area. People
use me if they want to sweeten their
coffee or milk. What am I?

4. I am made of metal. You can find me

on the ceiling corner of a house. People
use me for electrical wiring. What am I?

5. I am made of wood. You can find me

in the dining area. People use me if they
want to place their foods during their
meal time. What am I?

frying pan mug/cup sugar

Electrical wire table

EVALUATION/POST TEST:

Identify the property of each material used at home. Choose

the best answer from the words inside the parenthesis and write the
correct answer in your notebook.

Material Property
1. Wooden door

(brittleness, hardness, solubility)

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2. Coffee
(malleability, solubility, flexibility)

3. Tin can
(hardness, malleability,
brittleness)

4. Rusting bolo
(brittleness, chemical reactivity,
solubility)

5. Wooden table
(solubility, brittleness, hardness)

6. Paper boat on top of a

water (hardness, flexibility, density)

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 REFERENCES

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL
SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V
Schools Division Superintendent
FAY C. LUAREZ, TM, Ed.D., Ph.D.
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
Acting CID Chief
ADOLF P. AGUILAR
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
NILITA L. RAGAY, Ed.D.
OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)
ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
Education Program Supervisor – (SCIENCE & MATH)
MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)
ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)
ALICE A. ALATAN
Writer
JOVY LEO A. ALATAN
JANE C. RIVERA
Lay-out Artists
_________________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
GENEROSE V. ACUZAR
ALICE A. ALATAN
GELISA F. LANGAN
MONA LISA A. ONGCO
BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
DORIN FAYE D. CADAYDAY
MERCY G. DAGOY
RANJEL D. ESTIMAR
MARIA SALOME B. GOMEZ
JUSTIN PAUL ARSENIO C. KINAMOT
ARJIE T. PALUMPA
DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide
accessible learning modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The
contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set
learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to
information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject to copyright and
may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.

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 SYNOPSIS

This self-learning kit discusses

and investigates some of the
different properties of useful and
harmful materials.

The learner is expected to

identify different properties of
materials, to describe the
properties of materials in order to
determine whether they are useful
or harmful and to perform the
experiments with precaution. So,
explore this learning kit like a
scientist.

THE WRITER AND ILLUSTRATOR

Alice A. Alatan - She completed her Bachelor’s degree in

Elementary education and Master’s degree majoring in
Supervision and Administration at Foundation University.
At present, she is Teacher III handling Grade 5 learners at
Panubtuban Elementary School, Panubtuban, Dauin,
Negros Oriental.

Jovy Leo A. Alatan - He is currently a college student at

Silliman University enrolled in the College of Engineering
and Design major in Mechanical Engineering.

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