CHEMISTRY ANSWERING TECHNIQUES

GUIDELINE FOR ANSWERING ESSAY PAPER 2 ( SECTION B AND C)

SECTION B

• Consists of RESTRICTED RESPONSE (close end)

• Normally FACTS / CONCEPT
• Require explanation on concepts/facts

SECTION C

• Consists of OPEN RESPONSE (open end)

• Normally FACTS / CONCEPT / EXPERIMENTS / PROCESS
• Multiple answers for FACTS / CONCEPTS / EXPERIMENTS

Require explanation

Paper 1 2 3
construct Knowledge: Knowledge: 14% Sciences process
20 questions Understanding:21% skills:
Understanding: Application: 29% 11 sciences
15 questions Analysing: 21% process skills
Application: Synthesising: 15%
Essay question section B and C
15 question
SECTION B [CLOSE END]

QUESTION 1

Diagram shows the chemical symbols which represent three element X, Y and Z. These
letters are not the actual symbols of the elements.
Gambarajah menunujukkan simbol kimia yang mana mewakili tiga unsur X, Y dan Z. Huruf-
huruf ini tidak menunjukkan simbol sebenar unsur-unsur tersebut.

(a) Explain the formation of the bond that is formed between

Terangkan pembentukkan ikatan yang terbentuk antara

(i) element X and element Y

(ii) element Y and element Z
[12 marks]

(b) Compare the melting points of compound formed in (a). Explain your answer.
Bandingkan takat lebur sebatian-sebatian yang terbentuk di (a).
Terangkan jawapan anda
[6 marks]
QUESTION 2
The following information is about hydrochloric acid solution and ethanoic acid solution.
Maklumat-maklumat dibawah mengenai larutan asid hiroklorik dan larutan asid etanoik.

Acid Concentration (mol dm-3) pH

Ethanoic acid solution 1.0 4
Hydrochloric acid solution 1.0 1

Explain why these two solutions have different pH values. [4 marks]

Terangkan mengapa dua larutan ini mempunyai perbezaan nilah pH.
QUESTION 3

The following information is about sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia solution.
Maklumat-maklumat dibawah mengenai larutan natrium hidroksida dan larutan ammonia.

Alkali Concentration (mol dm-3) pH

Sodium hydroxide solution 1.0 14
Ammonia solution 1.0 11

Explain why these two solutions have different pH values. [4 marks]

Terangkan mengapa dua larutan ini mempunyai perbezaan nilai pH.

QUESTION 4

A group of students carried out three experiments to investigate the factors affecting the
rate of reaction. The table shows information about the reactants and the temperature used
in each experiment.

Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan tiga eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor yang
mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas. Jadual dibawah menunjukkan tentang bahan-bahan
tindak balas dan suhu yang digunakan dalam setiap eksperimen.

Experiment Reactants Temperature / °C

I Large marble chips and 25 cm3 of 0.5 30
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
II Large marble chips and 25 cm3 of 0.5 40
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid
III Small marble chips and 25 cm3 of 0.5 40
mol dm-3 hydrochloric acid

Based on the table, compare the rate of reaction between

Berdasarkan jadual, bandingkan kadar tindak balas antara
• Experiment I and II
• Experiment II and III

In each case, explain the difference in the rate of reaction with reference to the collision
theory.
Untuk setiap kes, terangkan perbezaan kadar tindak balas dengan merujuk kepada teori
perlanggaran.
[10 marks]
QUESTION 6

Diagram shows the apparatus set- up of two experiments to investigate the electrolysis of
copper(II) sulphate solution using different electrodes.
Gambarajah menunjukkan 2 susunan alat radas bagi eksperimen untuk mengkaji
elektrolisis kuprum(II) sulfate menggunakan elektrod yang berlainan.

Compare Experiment I and Experiment II in terms of the observations at the anode and
cathode, the name of the products formed at the anode half equations for the reactions at
the anode.
Bandingkan eksperimen I dan II dari terma pemerhatian di anod dan katod, nama hasil
produk terbentuk di anod dan persamaan setengah untuk tindak balas di anod.
[10 marks]

QUESTION 7

(a) Describe how the process of iron rusting occurs naturally in daily life.
Terangkan bagaimana proses pengaratan yang berlaku secara semulajadi dalam
Kehidupan harian.
(b) Why metal easily corrodes in the area closer to the sea?
Kenapa logam mudah berkarat di kawasan yang dekat dengan laut?
(9 marks)
SECTION C [OPEN END]

QUESTION 1

You are required to prepare dry copper (II) sulphate salt.

Anda diminta untuk menyediakan kuprum(II) sulfat kering.
By using suitable chemicals, describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your
description, include the chemical equations involved.
Dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia yang sesuai, Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk
menyediakan garam tersebut di dalam makmal anda. Di dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan
persamaan kimia yang terlibat.
[10 marks]
QUESTION 2

Silver chloride is insoluble salt. You are required to prepare dry silver chloride salt.
Argentum Klorida adalah garam tak larut. Anda diminta menyediakan argentum klorida
kering.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the salt. In your description, include the
procedure, observation and ionic equation.
Terangkan eksperimen untuk menyediakan garam ini. Dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan
prosedur-prosedur, pemerhatian dan persamaan ion yang terlibat.

[10 marks]

QUESTION 3

You are given a solution that contains a mixture of iron(III) nitrate and iron(III) chloride.
Anda diberi larutan yang mengandungi campuran ferum(III) nitrat dan ferum(III) klorida.
Describe the confirmatory tests to determine the presence of cation and anion in the
solution. Your description must include all reagents used, observation and conclusion.
Terangkan ujian pengesahan untuk mengenalpasti kehadiran kation dan anion di dalam
larutan. Dalam penerangan anda, mesti dinyatakan semua bahan yang digunakan,
pemerhatian dan kesimpulan.
[10 marks]

Describe two chemical properties to verify the solution is an acid.

In your answer, include example of an acid, procedure, observation and chemical equation
for the reaction involved.
Terangkan dua sifat kimia untuk mengesahkan larutan berasid.
Di dalam penerangan anda, nyatakan contoh asid,prosedur-prosedur, pemerhatian dan
persamaan kimia yang terlibat,
[8 marks]
QUESTION 5
Substance Molecular formula
V C6H14
T C6H12
Table above shows two hydrocarbon compounds V and T which are colourless liquids at
room temperature. Describe one chemical test used in the laboratory to differentiate liquid V
and T. In your explanation, include observation, conclusion and chemical equation.

Jadual di atas menunjukkan dua sebatian hirokarbon V dan T dimana iannya suatu cecair
tak berwarna pada suhu bilik. Terangkan satu ujian kimia yang digunakan di dalam makmal
untuk membezakan cecair V dan T. Di dalam penerangan anda, nyatkan pemerhatian,
kesimpulan dan persamaan kimia.

[8 marks]

QUESTION 6

A student intends to prepare an ester Q from the reaction between named alcohol and
named carboxylic acid.
Seorang pelajar diminta untuk menyediakan suatu ester Q daripada tindakbalas alkohol
dan asid karbosilik.
Describe a laboratory experiment to prepare the ester. Your answer should include the
following :
Terangkan satu eksperimen untuk menyediakan ester. Jawapan anda hendaklah
menyatakan
• A list of material
• Senarai bahan-bahan
• Procedure of the experiment
• Prosedur-prosedur eksperimen
• Observation and chemical equation
• Pemerhatian dan persamaan kimia
• Name of the ester produced
• Nama ester yang terbentuk [10 marks]
QUESTION 7