‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ :‬ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻥ ﻳﺎ ﻧﺸﺪﻥ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻳﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺷﺨﺼﻲ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.

‬‬

‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ) ﺭﺑﻄﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻋﺎﻡ ( ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺴﻲ ﻳﺎ ﭼﻴﺰﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪:‬‬

‫) ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺸﺖ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ (‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﺮ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ) ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺸﺖ ( ﺩﺭ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺩ ﺭ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻲ ﺁﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻭ ﻧﻴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ) ﺷﺪ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺭﻓﺖ ﻳﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﺩ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺎﻍ ﺁﻣﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﺍﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ ) ﺭﻓﺖ (‬

‫‪ -‬ﻳﺎ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ) ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻥ ( ﻭ ) ﺭﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ( ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻼﺱ ﻏﻮﻏﺎ ﺷﺪ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ) ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻫﺴﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻮﺩ ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ) ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻦ ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﭻ ﺭﺍﻫﻲ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ ﭘﺎﻳﺎﻥ ﻏﻢ ﻣﺨﻮﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻱ ) ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﮔﺸﺖ ( ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ) ﭼﺮﺧﻴﺪﻥ ( ﻭ ) ﺟﺴﺖ ﻭ ﺟﻮ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺑﺲ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﺑﮕﺮﺩﺩ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ‬

‫‪ -‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﻧﺒﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ /‬ﺍﻭﺭ ﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ /‬ﻏﺬﺍ ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺣﻤﺪ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻏﻴﺮ ﺍﺳﻨﺎﺩﻱ ) ﺧﺎﺹ ‪ ،‬ﺗﺎﻡ (‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻳﺎ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻣﺨﺼﻮﺹ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻜﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ‪ ،‬ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪ ،‬ﮔﺬﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻣﺠﻬﻮﻝ ﻭ ﻭﺟﻪ‬

‫ﺷﺨﺺ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻫﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺷﺶ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊ) ﻣﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻴﻢ(‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ )ﻣﻦ ﺭﻓﺘﻢ(‬

‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊ)ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﻓﺘﻴﺪ(‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ )ﺗﻮ ﺭﻓﺘﻲ(‬

‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊ ) ﺍﻳﺸﺎﻥ ﺭﻓﺘﻨﺪ(‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ) ﺍﻭ ﺭﻓﺖ (‬

‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ‪ :‬ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪:‬‬
 ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺣﺎﻝ‬
‫ﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻭﻝ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ‬ ‫ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻱ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺩ ﻳﺎ‬ ‫ﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ‬
‫ﺗﻬﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ )ﺗﻬﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ(‪ .‬ﺟﺰ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻳﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬ ‫ﻱ )ﺩ ( ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪:‬‬

‫» ﺑﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ «ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻱ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺩﻭ ﺑﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ=ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ = ﺧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ ( ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪ :‬ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ) ﻥ (‬

‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ = ﻧﻮﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺯﺩﻥ=ﺯﻥ‬ ‫ﺏ ( ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ )ﺏ (‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ‪:‬ﻛﻠﻤﻪ ﺍﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻳﺎ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭﻟﻲ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ‪،‬ﺷﺨﺺ ﻳﺎ ﺍﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ‬

‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻭ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻨﻮﻳﺴﻴﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﺸﺴﺘﻦ=‬ ‫ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ =‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻥ =‬

‫ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻦ=‬ ‫ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻦ =‬ ‫ﺁﻭﻳﺨﺘﻦ =‬

‫ﭘﺨﺘﻦ =‬ ‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺷﺘﻦ =‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ =‬

‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪﺭ‬

‫ﻧﻮﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻡ‬ ‫ﺁﺭﺍﻣﻴﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻳﺲ‬ ‫ﺭﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯ‬ ‫ﺍﺭﺯﻳﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺷﻜﻒ‬ ‫ﺷﻜﻔﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺰﻳﺪﻥ‬

‫ﻧﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺍﺭ‬ ‫ﺁﺯﺭﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺭﻭﺏ‬ ‫ﺭُﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺁﻱ‬ ‫ْﺁﻣﺪﻥ‬

‫ﭘﮋﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﭘﮋﻣﺮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺷﻮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪﻥ‬

‫ﺁﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﺁﺳﻮﺩﻥ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﮕﻴﺨﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺵ‬ ‫ﺑﻮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺑﺎﺯ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﺍﺩﻥ‬

‫ﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﻴﺨﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺭﻩ‬ ‫ﺭَﺳﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺳﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺧﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺮﻳﺪﻥ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﻞ‬ ‫ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺯﻱ‬ ‫ﺯﻳﺴﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺭﻭﻱ‬ ‫ﺭُﺳﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﺒﺎﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﻩ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺳﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻓﺮﻳﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﺮﻳﻔﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻛﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻮﻱ‬ ‫ﺷﺴﺘﻦ‬

‫ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺗﻘﺴﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺝ(ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ)ﻣﺴﺘﻘﺒﻞ(‬ ‫ﺏ( ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ )ﻣﺎﺿﻲ (‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻒ (ﺣﺎﻝ )ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ (‬

‫ﺍﻟﻒ (ﺣﺎﻝ ‪:‬ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻱ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺭﺥ ﻣﻲ ﺩﻫﺪ ‪ .‬ﺑﺮ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪ -2‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ‪ ) :‬ﻣﻲ ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ (‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻣﻲ )ﻫﻤﻲ ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻓﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺭﻡ‬
 ‫‪ - 2‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ ‪ ) :‬ﺏ ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ (‬

‫ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺮﺩﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺷﻚ ‪ ،‬ﺷﺮﻁ ﻳﺎ ﺁﺭﺯﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‬

‫ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻢ ‪،‬ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻲ ‪،‬ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪،‬ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪،‬ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ‪،‬ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ) ﺟﺎﺭﻱ (‪ ) :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺭ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ‪ +‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪+‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ (‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﻫﻢ ﺍﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺟﺮﻳﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻲ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺍﺭﻳﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻳﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺭﻭﻡ‬ ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺣﺬﻑ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭﻡ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻡ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﭼﻴﺰ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﺎﺯﻩ ﺗﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻴﻢ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ ﮔﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﮥﺁﻏﺎﺯﻳﻦ » ﻣﻲ – ﺏ « ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺷﻮﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﮔﺎﺭ ﺩﺭﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺖ ﺁﻥ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ ) ﺑﺸﻮﻱ – ﻣﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻲ (‬

‫» ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻓﻌﻞ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ «‬

‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪-2‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫‪ - 1‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ‬

‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ‬ ‫‪-4‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪+‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬ ‫‪ -1‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ = ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‬

‫) ﻣﻲ ‪ +‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺳﺎﺩﻩ (‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪:‬‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺩﻻﻟﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ» ﻣﻲ « ﺍﺯ » ﻱ « ﺩﺭ ﺁﺧﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺁﻣﺪﻱ ) ﻣﻲ ﺁﻣﺪ(‬
 ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻲ ) ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪ +‬ﻩ ( ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺍﻡ ‪،‬ﺍﻱ‪ ،‬ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺁﻥ ﺗﺎﻛﻨﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻗﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﻢ ‪،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﺯ » ﺍﺳﺘﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻲ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻢ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺪ « ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻧﻘﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻲ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺑﺎﺵ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫‪ -4‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ) ﺷﺎﻳﺪ ( ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ ) ﺑﺎﻳﺪ( ﺁﺭﺯﻭ )ﻛﺎﺵ ( ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺶ ﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺑﻌﻴﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﻲ ‪+‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻛﻤﻜﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﭘﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺘﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻳﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‬

‫‪ -6‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ‪ +‬ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ‪+‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ‬

‫ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻛﺎﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻡ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻱ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪،‬‬

‫ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﻢ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻴﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻧﺪ‬

‫ﺍﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺩﻭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻪ ) ﺩﻭﺷﺨﺼﻪ( ‪:‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺍﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ :‬ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻥ – ﺩﻭﻳﺪﻥ – ﺧﻨﺪﻳﺪﻥ – ﭘﺮﻳﺪﻥ – ﺟﻬﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ ﺭﺳﻴﺪﻥ ﻭ‪...‬‬

‫ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ) ﺍﻭ (‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‪:‬‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪ ) ﺷﻤﺎ (‬ ‫ﭘﺮﺳﻴﺪﻥ ‪ :‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬
 ‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺳﺎﺧﺖ ﺳﻮﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻌﻀﻲ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ‬

‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺼﺪﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺭﺩﻥ – ﺍﻓﻜﻨﺪﻥ – ﺍﻓﺸﺎﻧﺪﻥ – ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ – ﺭﺍﻧﺪﻥ – ﻛﻨﺪﻥ – ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻥ‬

‫ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‬ ‫ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭﻱ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﻣﻲ ﺁﻭﺭَﺩ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻩ ‪ +‬ﺷﻨﺎﺳﻪ ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ﻓﻌﻞ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ ﺭﺥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ ‪ ،‬ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪ‬

‫» ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ «‬

‫ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻳﺎ ﺗﻤﻨﺎ ﺩﺭﺧﻮﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻲ ﻛﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻱ ﻓﻼﻥ ﻫﻤﺴﺎﻳﻪ ﺭﻭ ﻭ ﭼﺮﺍﻏﻲ ﺭﻭﻏﻦ ﺑﺨﻮﺍﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺨﻮﺭ‪ -‬ﺑﮕﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻣﻔﺮﺩ ‪ :‬ﺏ ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬

‫ﺑﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ– ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺩﻭﻡ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ :‬ﺏ ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪ +‬ﻳﺪ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻬﻲ ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﻠﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺨﺺ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﺯ ﻣﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻬﻲ ﺩﻭ ﺻﻴﻐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺨﻮﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻥ ‪،‬‬ ‫ﻥ‪ +‬ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ‬

‫ﻧﺨﻮﺭﻳﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﺰﻧﻴﺪ ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ‪ +‬ﻳﺪ‬ ‫ﻥ‪+‬‬

‫ﻧﻜﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺩﺭ ﻗﺪﻳﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﻱ » ﻥ « ﺍﺯ » ﻡ « ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺜﻞ ‪ :‬ﻣﺨﻮﺭ – ﻣﺰﻥ – ﻣﮕﻴﺮ‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﻲ ) ﻣﻨﻔﻲ (‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﻝ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺎﺿﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻣﻀﺎﺭﻉ ﻭ ﺁﻳﻨﺪﻩ » ﻥ « ﺑﻴﺎﻭﺭﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﻲ ﮔﻮﻳﻨﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ ﻧﻔﻲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻛﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻳﻜﻲ‬

‫ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻜﻦ ﻛﺎﺭﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺎ ﺳﻨﮕﺖ ﺁﻳﻮ‬