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川西地区超深高温高压气井完井试油技术研究与应用 龚浩
川西地区超深高温高压气井完井试油技术研究与应用 龚浩
开采工艺
川西地区超深高温高压气井完井试油技术研究与应用
龚 浩,唐 庚,张 林,陆林峰,张健涛
( 中国石油西南油气田公司工程技术研究院 )
近年来,四川盆地深层油气勘探继川中寒武系 、 油,因其井眼小,现有常规测试工具应用受限,同时
震旦系获重大突破后,持续向更深、更复杂的川西二 超深气井管柱受力复杂,井下工具不配套,施工安全
叠统、寒武系、川东震旦系等地层延伸,向 8 000 m 风险大,作业中相继出现了一些井下复杂,如 LT1
深层不断迈进,地层压力已高达 147 MPa,地层温度 井在 114. 3 mm 套管中射孔 - 酸化 - 测试联作时
超过 200℃ ,井深、压力、温 度 不 断 升 高,对 井 下 设 油套窜通; LG70 井茅口组射孔 - 酸化 - 测试联作后
备、工具、材料及工艺技术提出更高的要求,传统的 起出油管发现封隔器以下筛管本体断裂等 ,都一定
完井试油技术已无法满足川西地区超深高温高压气 程度上影响了资料录取效果。
井安全高效试油的需求。针对目前面临的完井试油 3. 试油效率低
收稿日期: 2019 - 11 - 10
基金项目: 西南油气田分公司项目“高温高压含硫气井完井试油施工工艺技术优化研究”( 编号: 20190302 - 04)
作者简介: 龚浩( 1990 - ) ,工程师,
2012 年毕业于中国地质大学( 北京) ,现在中国石油西南油气田公司工程技术研究院从事完井试油研
究。地址: ( 610017) 四川省成都市青羊区小关庙后街 25 号工程院,电话: 028 - 86010469,E - mail: gong_hao@ petrochina. com. cn
钻 采 工 艺 2020 年 1 月
· 62· DRILLING & PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY Jan. 2020
表1 超深高温高压气井完井试油技术表
完井试油技术 管柱结构 工艺特点 应用推荐
APR 测试工具 + 丢手工具 + 测试封隔
射孔 - 酸化 - 测试三联作,测试周期短
器 / 完井封隔器
APR 测试 以录取资料为主要目
工艺技术 先射孔,后下酸化 - 测试联作管柱,能 的的探井或评价井
APR 测试工具 + 丢手工具 + 测试封隔
及时检查射孔质量同时避免射孔冲击
器 / 完井封隔器
载荷的影响
APR 测试工具 + 丢手工具 + 井下关井 测试后用原管柱直接封堵产层,减少压 多层 试 油,需 要 快 速
试油完井 阀 + 液压完井封隔器 井堵漏时间,节约试油转层周期 转层试油的井
一体化技术 APR 测试工具 + 完井封隔器 + 暂堵球 单层试油取全取准地层资料后,管柱脱 勘探结束后快速投产
座 接封堵产层,回插后可直接投产 气井
区块主要使用改性聚磺、无固相、白油基三种试油工
作液。前期采用改性聚磺工作液进行试油,期间多
四、结论与建议
次出现通井遇阻的情况,后期 ST7、ST10 和 ST8 井 ( 1) 研究形成的深井超深井 APR 测试工艺技术
采用无固相工作液试油,依然出现工作液沉淀导致 和试油完井一体化技术,有效解决了测试后堵漏压
井下堵塞的情况。 通过室内配伍性试验表明,聚磺 井困难且压井成本高的问题,节约了压井堵漏时间,
和无固相混合,在高温下黏度略有升高,产生少量絮 避免储层伤害,缩短单层试油完井作业周期,提高了
状沉淀; 聚磺和白油基混合,黏度明显升高,流动性 油气勘探效率。
变差,产生硬质沉淀。 高温条件下试油工作液性能 ( 2) 配套研发的 70 ~ 105 MPa / 177℃ 的全通径
已不能满足试油需求。 压控式测试工具、 175 MPa /210℃ /170 h 的超高温超
前期在高石梯 - 磨溪区块开展了超微重晶石试 高压射孔器材、140 MPa 的地面流程集中控制技术
油工作液的现场试验,应用效果良好,下步计划在 以及高温高压气井试油井完整性评价技术 ,保证了
“三超”气井开展中高密度超微重晶石试油工作液 超深高温高压气井的安全高效试油 。
现场试验与评价工作,以满足安全试油要求。 同时 ( 3) 该系列试油技术在川西地区成功、安全试
制定试油工作液选用原则: 原油基钻井液作业井选 油 10 余井次,效果良好,对其他区域超深高温高压
用油基钻井液试油,原水基钻井液作业井选用改性 气井试油具有良好借鉴意义。
水基钻井液试油,若老化实验不满足试油作业要求 , ( 4) 针对川西地区超深高温高压气井在试油工
优选超微重晶石工作液试油。 艺、试油工作液以及井下工具质量等方面存在的一
3. 井下工具性能难以满足安全试油要求 些问题,开展相应的试验及技术攻关研究 ,为下步超
川西地区探井试油过程中多口井出现工具失效 深高温高压大斜度井、小井眼完井试油技术攻关奠
的问题( 表 2) ,一方面是工具检测和操作不当; 另一 定了良好的技术基础。
方面则是目前井下工具在超深高温高压工况下可靠
参考文献
性不高,工具性能难以满足安全、稳定试油要求。下
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表2 川西二叠系超深高温高压气井井下工具复杂统计 36( 9) : 140 - 142.
题综述[J]. 石油机械,
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井号 失效工具 复杂描述 [3] 潘登,徐茂荣,黄船,等. 射孔 - 酸化 - 测试 - 封堵及完
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127 mm 完井 二次完井,回插后环空憋压,完井
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( 编辑: 丁浩)
ABSTRACT 4 DRILLING & PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY Vol. 43 supplment Jan. 2020
duction well. And five new underground gas reservoirs will be liquid distribution,long duration and high degree of automation,
built in Southwest Oil and Gas Field in the next decade. A gas and can reduce operation cost and increase efficiency in shale
storage group will be formed with working gas capacity of 100 × gas wells exploitation. This paper takes the field application of 7
10 8 m3 and daily peak gas production volume of 8300 × 10 4 m3 . platforms in Changning as an example to analyze the automatic
Due to the low formation pressure coefficient of depleted gas res- foam-dewatering gas production device,process characteristics,
ervoir,the well completion technology will not only give full play application effect and benefit. This process is proven to be bene-
to well capacity of injection and production wells to ensure gas ficial and profitable for shale gas development.
storage peak adjusting capacity,but also ensure injection and Keywords: shale gas,automation,foam-dewatering gas
production well to be safe,highly efficient injection and produc- production,cost reduction and efficiency increase
tion and increase gas well life. The completion string of injec-
tion-production well in underground gas storage reservoir has the NEW DEVELOPMENT OF INFINITE STAGE FULL-
characteristics of intensive injection-production and high safety BORE SLIDING SLEEVES FOR OPEN-HOLE STAGE
control requirements. The Xiang Guo Si underground gas storage FRACTURING
injection and production wells completions,tubing selection,in- YU Bing ( Engineering Technology Research Institute,
jection and BHA structure,downhole tools,wellhead equip- Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company,PetroChina,Chengdu,Si-
ment,and safety control system and other technology are ana- chuan 610031,China) ,DPT 42( supplment) , 2020: 68 - 71
lyzed herein. It can provide a reference for the new underground Abstract: As an important mean of stimulation for low per-
gas storage completion. meability reservoirs,the stage fracturing technology for horizon-
Key words: depleted gas reservoir, UGS, completion tal open-holes has obtained good application effects. The tech-
technology,intensive injection and production,injection and nology of infinite stage full-bore sliding sleeves for open-hole
production well fracturing has been widely used in foreign countries as a new de-
velopment technology. Compared with the normal domestic slid-
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION OF WELL COM- ing sleeves,the main advantages are the number of stages unlim-
PLETION AND TESTING TECHNOLOGY FOR ULTRA- ited theoretically and no drilling after fracturing needed due to
DEEP HTHP GAS WELLS IN WESTERN SICHUAN AR- full-bore size. Different kinds of full-bore and unlimited stage
EA fracturing sliding sleeves are summarized in this paper. The
GONG Hao,TANG Geng,ZHANG Lin,LU Linfeng, principles,characteristics and advantages of mechanical count-
ZHANG Jiantao ( Engineering Technology Research Institute, er,electronic counter,mechanical control,hydraulic control,
PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company,Chengdu,Si- ball-seat catching and wireless control sleeves are analyzed. The
chuan 610000,China) ,DPT 42( supplment) , 2020: 61 - 63 technology introduction,application,research and innovation of
Abstract: The well completion and testing in ultra-deep full-bore and unlimited stage fracturing sliding sleeves need to be
HTHP gas Wells in western Sichuan area is faced with many dif- promoted to combine with the characteristics of domestic oil and
ficulties,such as long operation time in multi-layer well testing, gas fields to provide technical support for cost reduction and pro-
too many times of well killing needs,small hole annulus clear- duction improvement in unconventional oil and gas reservoir de-
ance,narrow pressure operation window,and high demands on velopment.
temperature resistance of perforating equipment,downhole tools Key words: open-hole,unlimited stage,full-bore,stage
and well test fluid and so on. The main technology of well com- fracturing
pletion and testing in western Sichuan aiming at the difficulties
of well testing have been developed,including APR test and in- DEVELOPMENT OF SELF-ROTATING JET NOZ-
tegrated testing-completion technology for deep and ultradeep ZLE FOR SCALE REMOVAL AND ITS PERFORMANCE
wells,HTHP downhole tools,140MPa ultra-high pressure sur- TEST
face testing and completion test well integrity evaluation system. LIU Hui,MA Huiyun,ZENG Lixin,HE Yiguo,LI Guo,
This series of well completion testing technology has been suc- WANG Yu ( 1. Engineering Technology Research Institute,Pet-
cessfully applied in more than 10 wells in western Sichuan area roChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company,Chengdu,Si-
with good results. The existing problems in well completion tes- chuan 610000,China; 2. National Energy R & D Center of
ting are also analyzed,which will lay a good technical foundation High-sulfur Gas Reservoir Exploitation,Chengdu,Sichun,Chi-
for well completion testing in ultradeep high inclination HTHP na) ,DPT 42( supplment) , 2020: 72 - 75
wells and slim holes in western Sichuan area. Abstract: Compared with the conventional method,the
Key words: western Sichuan area,HTHP,integrated tes- high pressure jet cleaning method has the characteristics of low
ting-completion,downhole tool cost,high efficiency and no pollution,and so on. It is a direct
and effective method to remove scales in tubings. Based on the
RESEARCH AND APPLICATION ON AUTOMATIC characteristics of the scales and the basic principle of jet clean-
FOAM-DEWATERING GAS PRODUCTION TECHNOL- ing,a self-rotating jet cleaning nozzle is designed. The nozzle u-
OGY FOR CHANGNING SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT ses dampening liquid to control the rotating speed at ( 100 ~
LIN Shengmao1 ,CAI Daogang1,2 ,XIONG Jie1,2 ,CHEN 150) rpm,and the convergence angle of the jet nozzle is 20°.
Jiaxiao1,2 ,YANG Zhi1,2 ,ZHU Kun1,2 ,WEI Linsheng1,2 ,JIANG The straight length of the nozzle is 3 times the diameter of the
Zeyin3 ( 1. Engineering Technology Research Institute of Pet- nozzle,and the optimum distance of the nozzle is 4 times the di-
roChina Southwest Oil&Gas field Company,Chengdu,Sichuan, ameter of the nozzle. The injection parameters are optimized by
China; 2. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Evaluation and test. The injection velocity of the nozzle should not be lower than
Exploitation,Chengdu,Sichuan,China; 3. Narural Gas Re- 170m / s,the injection rate should not be lower than 70L / min,
search Institute of PetroChina Southwest Oil and Gasfield Com- and the optimum feed velocity of the nozzle should be ( 600 ~
pany,Chengdu,Sichuan,China) ,DPT 42( supplment) , 2020: 800) mm / m. The results of indoor scale removal test show that
64 - 67 the self-rotating jet and the optimized spray parameters can effec-
Abstract: Compared with conventional natural gas reser- tively,safely and completely remove the scales in the tubing,
voirs,shale gas has the characteristics of low porosity,low per- thus to keep the drift diameter in the wellbore.
meability,high airflow resistance and low production capacity, Key words: tubing,water jet,spin,descaling,spray pa-
etc. Industrial flow rate could be obtained via large-scale volume rameters,performance test
fracturing treatment with a large amount of fracturing fluid injec-
ted into the formation. With the development of gas exploration DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF EXPERI-
and the decrease in formation pressure,liquid loading would in- MENT EQUIPMENT FOR PROPPANT PLACEMENT IN
creasingly affect the gas production of the Wells. Conventional COMPLEX FRACTURES OF SHALE
devices for foam-dewatering gas production technology are ap- PENG Huan1,2 , MA Huiyun, PENG Junliang, HAN
plied to each well within the shale gas platform,which will in- Huifen,SU Jun2,3 ( 1. Engineering Technology Research Institute
crease labor intensity to the operators and occupy the work-yard. of Southwest Oil & Gas field Company,PetroChina,Guanghan,
The automatic foam-dewatering gas production technology can Sichuan 618300,China; 2. Sichuan Key Laboratory of Shale
solve the problem in injecting chemical agents into multiple wells Gas Exploitation and Evaluation,Chengdu ,Sichuan 610091,
within one pad. The device has the characteristics of convenient China) ,DPT 42( supplment) , 2020: 76 - 80