ADIBAH BINTI ROSBI

1719310

HISTORY OF ART (AAD 1130)

MADAM NURHAYA BINTI BANIYAMIN

SEMESTER 1 17/18

ASSIGNMENT 1 (INDIVIDUAL)

22 NOVEMBER 2017
THE FOUR (4) MAIN ELEMENTS OF CIVILIZATION
1. Cities
 Human first start to live on a fixed space in river valley as there is water supply.
With the existence of the water supply, they can carry on with their life to set up a
large scale of farming for food supply. The land of river valley is flourishing.
Beside that, they also obtain food supply from fish that live in the river.
2. Religion
 Religion is one of aspect that makes people in a region be united and start cooprate
with each other. It was developed to explain about nature exist and human roles in
the world. Religion basically conveyed as an important element for community’s
success. Therefore, leaders supervised the rituals aimed at pleasing God to achieve
success.
3. Government
 Government was formed when there is a community in an area. The purpose is to
organise and regulate the community’s life and activity. They also usefull to
sustain smooth interaction between groups and individuals. During the early
civilization, govrnment was led by monarchs which consist of king and queen that
ruled the community and organize the troops. The troops was important to protect
their population. Furthermore, the government also made laws to regulate their
citizens.
4. Documentation
 Documentation was a crucial thing of an civilization. Ducumentation is needed to
proves existence of the civilization’s laws and lifestyle. It can come in writings or
arts form. Specifically, rulers, religionist, businessman and scholars used writing
to keep accurate record. Beyond that, informations also recorded in art form like
paintings, architectures and literature writings. Those art documentation was
anther feature of the new civilizations. For instance, people during early
civilization draw on walls and later they produce proper painting to record about
lifestyle and culture of their civilizaion.
The similarities and differences between the art produced by Greek and Roman civilizations.
Similarities:
 Both Greek and Roman civilization use a lot of marble for their sculptures and statue
specifically white marble.
 Greek and Roman sculpture use figurative element and subject matter for their statue
and sculpture
Differences:
Greek
They have amphora which shown
in figure 1 and they do not have
paintings and mosaics. Amphora
is a large two-handled storage jar
having an oval body used to carry
wine or oil. Douglas R. Allen
(2002) This storage jar has
painted black forms as
embellishment of the polished red
clay.
Figure 1
The Amphora
The themes of Greek sculptures
usually related to god or
goddenesses. For example,
Hermes of the Andros (Figure 3)
is one of Greek sculpture that
illustrate Hermes. “Hermes was
Type of art Roman
Painting Portrait painting is quite popular
during Roman times. Likewise,
Roman civilization also have
mosaic that looks like painting.
They used mosaic on the floor
and in the wall. The mosaic was
painted and be puted on the wall
to produce a huge paintings on it.
The subject matter of the images
produced from the mosaic was
usually images of events or
important individuals in their
community.
Figure 2
Example of painting looks like
mosaic
Sculpture Roman sculpture are famous for
their fine work on the detailed
busts which focus on real people
head. They also sculpt historical
event. As they are expert of
detailing, they have more focus
on how realistic the features and
Greek god, son of Zeus and
Maia”. Douglas R. Allen (2002)
Figure 3
Hermes of the Andros sculpture
For public places, Greek
architecture used marble as the
main material. Marbel can
obviously be seen on the
buildings lintel.
Figure 4
Parts of Greek Tample that show
lintel
produce it the way they are.
Architecture Roman architecture can be
recognize on their arches and
domes which Greek did not use
both element. In addition, they
use vaults incorporate with the
domes to make their buildings
more interesting. For massive
buildings like colosseum, they
will use concrete as the main
material.
REFERENCE

6 Characteristics of Civilization. (n.d). retrived November 22, 2017 from

https://msvurusic.weebly.com/6-characteristics-of-civilization.html

Douglas R. Allen. (2002). Greek and Roman Art Utah Museum of Fine Arts Evening for
Educators

Greek vs. Roman retrived November 22, 2017 from

https://www2.palomar.edu/users/mhudelson/StudyGuides/GreekRoman_WA.html