MUSCLES ORIGIN INSERTION ACTION INNERVATION

SCALP MUSCLES
Occipitofrontalis
Frontal Belly Epicranial Skin superior to Draws scalp anteriorly, raise Facial (VII)
aponeurosis supraorbital margin eyebrows and wrinkles on nerve
the forehead horizontally
Occipital Belly Occipital bone and Epicranial Facial (VII)
mastoid process of aponeurosis Draws scalp posteriorly nerve
temporal bone
MOUTH MUSCLES
Orbicularis oris Fibers surrounding Skin at corner of Closes and protrudes lips Facial (VII)
opening of mouth mouth (Kissing); compress lips nerve
together; shape lips during
speech
Zygomaticus Major Zygomatic bone Skin at angle of Facial (VII)
mouth and Smiling nerve
orbicularis oris
Zygomaticus Zygomatic bone Upper lip Rising upper teeth, exposing Facial (VII)
Minor maxillary (upper) teeth nerve
Levator labii Superior to Skin at angle of Facial (VII)
inferioris infraorbital mouth and Raises upper lip nerve
foramen of maxilla orbicularis oris
Depressor labii Mandible Skin of lower lip Lowers lower lip Facial (VII)
inferioris nerve
Depressor anguli Mandible Angle of mouth Opening mouth Facial (VII)
oris nerve
Levator anguli oris Inferior to Skin of lower lip Draws angle of mouth Facial (VII)
infraorbital and orbicularis oris laterally and superiorly nerve
foramen
Buccinator Alveolar processes Orbicularis oris Whistling, blowing, sucking; Facial (VII)
of maxilla and assist in mastication nerve
mandible of
pterygomandibular
raphe
Risorius Fascia over parotid Skin at angle of Grimacing Facial (VII)
mouth nerve
Mentalis Mandible Skin of chin Pouting Facial (VII)
nerve
NECK MUSCLES
Platysma Fascia over deltoid Mandible, muscles Pouting; depresses Facial (VII)
and pectoralis around angle of mandible nerve
major mouth; skin of
lower face
ORBIT AND EYEBROW MUSCLES
Orbicularis oculi Medial wall of Circular path Closes eye Facial (VII)
orbit around orbit nerve
Corrugator Medial end of Skin of eyebrow Frowning Facial (VII)
Supercilii supraciliary arch of nerve
frontal bone
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE EYEBALLS
Superior rectus Common Superior and central part of eyeballs Oculomotor
tendinous ring Elevation, adduction, rotate medially (III) nerve
Inferior rectus Common Inferior and central Depression, adduction, Oculomotor
tendinous ring part of eyeballs rotate laterally (III) nerve
 Lateral rectus Common Lateral side of Abduction (Laterally) Abducens (VI)
tendinous ring eyeballs nerve
Medial rectus Common Medial side of Adduction (Medially) Oculomotor
tendinous ring eyeballs (III) nerve
Superior oblique Sphenoid bone, Eyeball between Depression, abduction, Trochlear (IV)
superior and superior and lateral rotate medially nerve
medial to common recti, inserts into
tendinous ring insuperior and lateral
orbit surfaces of eyeball
via tendon
Inferior oblique Maxilla in floor of Eyeballs between Elevation, abduction, rotate Oculomotor
orbit inferior and lateral laterally (III) nerve
recti
Levator palpebrae Roof of orbit Skin and tarsal plate Opens eyes Oculomotor
superioris of upper eyelids (III) nerve
MUSCLES THAT MOVE MANDIBLE AND ASSIST IN MASTICATION AND SPEECH
Masseter Maxilla and Angle and ramus of Closing mouth Trigeminal (V)
Zygomatic arch mandible nerve
Temporalis Temporal Bone Coronoid process Elevates and retracts Trigeminal (V)
and ramus of mandible nerve
mandible
Medial Pterygoid Maxilla; Medial Angle and ramus of Elevates and protracts Trigeminal (V)
Surface of lateral mandible mandible and moves nerve
portion of mandible form side to side
pterygoid process
of sphenoid bones
Lateral Pterygoid Greater wing and Condyle of Protracts mandible, opens Trigeminal (V)
lateral surface of mandible; mouth, moves mandible nerve
lateral portion of temporomandibular from side to side
pterygoid process joint (TMJ)
of sphenoid bone
MUSCLES THAT MOVE MANDIBLE AND ASSIST IN MASTICATION AND SPEECH
Genioglossus Mandible Undersurface of the Protraction of tongue Hypoglossal
tongue (XII) nerve
Styloglossus Styloid process of Side and Retraction of tongue Hypoglossal
temporal bone undersurface of (XII) nerve
tongue
Hyoglossus Greater horn and Side of tongue Depresses tongue and Hypoglossal
body of hyoid bone draws down its sides (XII) nerve
Palatoglossus Anterior surface of Side of tongue Elevates posterior portion of Hypoglossal
soft palate tongue and draws soft (XII) nerve
palate down on tongue
MUSCLES OF THE ANTERIOR NECK THAT ASSIST IN DEGLUTITION AND SPEECH
SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES
Digastric Anterior belly Body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone. RMA: Anterior
from inner side of via an intermediate opening mouth Belly:
inferior border of tendon Trigeminal (V)
mandible;  RMA – Reverse nerve
posterior belly Muscle Action Posterior
from temporal belly: Facial
bone (VII) nerve
Stylohyoid Styloid process of Body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone and Facial (VII)
temporal bone draws it posteriorly nerve
Mylohyoid inner surface of Body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone and Trigeminal (V)
mandible floor of mouth and nerve
depresses mandible
 Geniohyoid Inner surface of Body of hyoid bone Elevates hyoid bone and First cervical
mandible draws hyoid bone and spinal nerve
tongue anteriorly. Depresses (C1)
mandible
INFRAHYOID MUSCLES
Omohyoid Superior border Body of hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone Branches of
of scapula and spinal nerves
superior transvers C1-C3
ligament
Sternohyoid Medial end of Body of hyoid bone Depresses hyoid bone Branches of
clavicle and spinal nerves
manubrium of C1-C3
sternum
Sternothyroid Manubrium of Thyroid cartilage of Depresses Thyroid cartilage Branches of
sternum larynx of larynx spinal nerves
C1-C3
Thyrohyoid Thyroid cartilage Greater horn of Depresses hyoid bone. RMA: Branches of
of larynx hyoid bone Elevates thyroid cartilage spinal nerves
C1-C2 and
Hypoglossal
(XII) nerve
MUSCLES OF THE NECK THAT MOVE THE HEAD
Sternocleidomastoid Sternal head: Mastoid process of Bilaterally (together), Accessory (XI)
Manubrium of temporal bone and Unilaterally (single), side to nerve, C2 and
sternum; lateral half of side, rotate. RMA: Elevate C3
Clavicular head: superior nuchal line sternum during forced
medial third of of occipital bone inhalation
clavicle
Semispinalis capitis Articular Occipital bone Together, extend head and Cervical spinal
processes of C4- between superior vertebral column nerves
C6 and transverse and inferior nuchal Single, rotate head to side
processes of C7- lines opposite contracting muscle
T7
Splenius Capitis Ligamentum Occipital bone and Extend head; together, Cervical spinal
nuchae and mastoid process of cervical and thoracic extend nerves
spinous processes temporal bone vertebral column of
of C7-T4 respective regions
Longissimus capitis Articular Mastoid process of Together, extend head and Cervical spinal
processes of T1- temporal bone column; single, laterally flex nerves
T4 and rotate head to same
side as contracting muscle
Spinalis Capitis Often absent or Occipital bone Extend head and column Cervical spinal
very small, arises nerves
with semispinalis
capitis
MUSCLE ACTION
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE HUMERUS
AXIAL MUSCLES
Pectoralis major Adducts, medially rotates arm at shoulder joints; flexes arm; extends
flexed arm to side of trunk
Latissimus dorsi Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm at shoulder joint; draws
arm inferiorly and posteriorly. RMA: elevate column and torso
SCAPULAR MUSCLES
Deltoid Lateral fibers: abduct arm at shoulder joint; Anterior fiber: flex and
medially rotate at shoulder joint; Posterior fiber: extend and lateral
rotate at shoulder joint
Subscapularis Medially rotate at shoulder joint
Supraspinatus Assist deltoid muscle in abducting arm at shoulder joint
Infraspinatus Laterally rotate arm at shoulder joint
Teres major Extend arm at shoulder joint and assist in adduction and medial
rotation at shoulder joint
Teres minor Laterally rotate and extend arm at shoulder joint
Coracobrachialis Flexes and adducts arm at shoulder joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE RADIUS AND ULNA
FOREARM FLEXORS
Biceps brachii Flexes forearm at elbow joint. Supinates forearm at radioulnar joint.
Flexes arm at shoulder joint
Brachialis Flexes forearm at elbow joint
Brachioradialis Flexes forearm at elbow joint. Supinates and pronates forearm at
radioulnar joint to neutral position
FOREARM EXTENSORS
Triceps brachii Extends forearm at elbow joint. Extend arm at shoulder joint
Anconeus Extends forearm at elbow joint
FOREARM PRONATORS
Pronator teres Pronates forearm at radioulnar joints and weakly flexes forearm at
elbow joint
Pronator quadratus Pronates forearm at radioulnar joint
FOREARM SUPINATOR
Supinator Supinates forearm at radioulnar joints
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE WRIST, HAND, THUMB, AND DIGITS
SUPERFICIAL ANTERIOR (FLEXOR)
Flexor carpi radialis Flexes and abducts (radial deviation) hand at wrist joints
Palmaris longus Weakly flexes hand at wrist joint
Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexes and adducts (ulnar deviation) hand at wrist joint.
Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexes middle phalanx of each finger at proximal interphalangeal
joint.
DEEP ANTERIOR (FLEXOR)
Flexor pollicis longus Flexes distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint
Flexor digitorum profundus Flexes distal and middle phalanges of each finger at interphalangeal
joints.
SUPERFICIAL POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR)
Extensor carpi radialis longus Extends and abducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint
Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extends and abducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint
Extensor digitorum Extends distal and middle phalanges of each finger at interphalangeal
joints.
Extensor digiti minimi Extends proximal phalanx of little finger at metacarpophalangeal joint
and hand at wrist joint
Extensor carpi ulnaris Extends and adducts hand (ulnar deviation) at wrist joint
DEEP POSTERIOR (EXTENSOR)
Abductor pollicis longus Abducts and extends thumb at carpometacarpal joint and abducts
hand at wrist joint
 Extensor pollicis brevis Extends proximal phalanx of thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint,
first metacarpal of thumb t carpometacarpal joint and hand at wrist
joint
Extensor pollicis longus Extends distal phalanx of thumb at interphalangeal joint, extends first
metacarpal of thumb at carpometacarpal joint, and abducts hand at
wrist joint
Extensor indicis Extends distal and middle phalanges of index finger at interphalangeal
joints, proximal phalanx of index finger at metacarpophalangeal joint,
and hand at wrist joint
MUSCLES THAT MOVE DIGITS
MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FEMUR,
TIBIA, AND FIBULA

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE FOOT AND TOES

MUSCLES THAT MOVE THE TOES