TỔNG HỢP CẤU TRÚC VIẾT LẠI CÂU THƯỜNG GẶP

Chú ý khi viết lại câu

 Chú ý về thì: câu được viết lại phải cùng thì với câu đã cho.

 Chú ý về ngữ pháp: câu được viết lại phải đúng về ngữ pháp.

 Chú ý về nghĩa của câu sau khi viết phải không đổi so với câu ban đầu. Phải dịch và
hiểu được nghĩa của câu đã cho.
Phương pháp học dạng bài này
Phương pháp: Học thuộc lòng càng nhiều mẫu câu càng tốt. Sưu tầm và làm thật
nhiều bài tập viết lại câu, làm đi làm lại để rèn ký năng nhận biết được ra mẫu câu khi làm
bài.
Một số dạng bài cơ bản:
Các ký hiệu viết tắt trong tài liệu:

- N: Noun (Danh từ) - sth: something - sb: somebody

- S: Subject (Chủ ngữ) - Osb: tân ngữ chỉ người - V: Verb (động
từ)
- Adj: Adjective (Tính từ) - Adv: Adverb (Trạng từ)
- Clause: Mệnh đề (= S + - Gerund: Danh động từ
V) (Ving)
Ving: động từ thêm ING - Ved: động từ chia ở thì quá khứ đơn
PII: Quá khứ phân từ - Auxiliary: Trợ động từ
Because + clause = because of + N
VD: He can’t move because his leg was broken.
= He can’t move because of his broken leg
Although/Though + clause = despite + N/Ving = in spite of + N/Ving
VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast.
= Despite/ In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast.
VD: Although she is ill, she goes to school.
= In spite of her illness, she goes to school (dù ốm, cô ấy vẫn đi học)
S + be + too + adj + (for Osb) + to + V.
= S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t/couldn’t + V…
VD: The water is too hot for Peter to drink.
= The water is so hot that Peter can't drink it.
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + enough + (for + Osb) + to + V.
VD: The boy is so kind that everyone loves him.
= The boy is kind enough for everyone to love.
S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adjtrái nghĩa + enough + (for + Osb) + to

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 +V
VD: This exercise was too difficult for me to do.
= This exercise was not easy enough for me to do.
* LƯU Ý:
*
Trong mẫu câu với TOO, ENOUGH, không dùng FOR + Osb nếu chủ ngữ của hai vế là
chỉ cùng một đối tượng.
VD: The boy is very young. He can’t go to school.
=> The boy is too young to go to school.
*
Các mẫu câu ở mục 7, 8, 9, ta có thể thay be bằng V thường. Khi đó adj được chuyển
thành adv.
Ví dụ mẫu câu số 7 có thể chuyển thành:
S + V + too + adv + (for Osb) + to + V.
= S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t/couldn’t + V…
VD: He talked too quickly for me to understand.
= He talked so quickly that I couldn’t understand him.
S + be + so + adj + that Clause = S+ be + such (a/ an) + adj + N + that + clause:
= quá đến nỗi mà
VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her
= She is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her.
(Cô ấy qúa đẹp đến nỗi mà ai cũng yêu cô ấy)
Cấu trúc: would prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Ved sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’d prefer you not to smoke here.
= I’d rather you did not smoke here.
Prefer doing sth to doing sth: thích làm gì hơn làm gì
=> Would rather do sth than do sth
=> would prefer to do sth rather than do sth.
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
= She’d rather stay at home than go out.
= She’d prefer to stay at home rather than go out.
S + V + adv = S + be + (a/an) adj + N
VD: He drives carefully. => He is a careful driver.
How + adj + N + be! => What + (a/an) + adj + N!
VD: How beautiful the girl is! => What a beautiful girl!
This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+ be + not used to + Ving/ N
VD: This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the

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 movie.
= I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie.
S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth.
= S + would rather + V + than + V.
= S + prefer sth/doing sth to sth/doing sth...
VD: I like going shopping better than playing volleyball.
= I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball.
= I would rather go shoping than play volleyball.
S + have difficulty + Ving = S + find + it + difficult / hard + to + V
VD: I have difficulty learning English.
= I find it difficult to learn English.

S + let + Osb + do sth = S + allow + Osb + to do Sth

VD: My boss lets him leave.
= My boss allows him to leave.
S + V + because + S + want + to-V = S + V + to + V.
VD: She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination.
= She studies hard to pass the final examination.
S + V + so that/ in order that + S + can/could + V = S + V + to + V.
VD: I study hard so that I can pass the exam.
= I study hard to pass the exam.
To-V / Ving + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V.

VD: Learning English is necessary.

= It is necessary to learn English.
S + V + both... and... = S + V + not only... but also...
VD: He translated fast and correctly.
= He translated not only fast but also correctly.

Unless = If…..not…
VD: If it did not rain, …… = Unless it rained, …….
S + be + scared of sth/doing sth = S + be + afraid of + sth/doing sth.
VD: I am afraid of snakes. = I am scared of snakes.
Let’s + V = Why don’t we + V? = How about + Ving? = What about + Ving?

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 = S + suggest + Ving (Dùng trong câu gián tiếp)
VD: “Let’s go for a walk” he said. = He suggested going for a walk.
S + advise + O + to-V = S + suggest + that + S + (should) + V.
VD: He advised me to study hard.
= He suggested that I should study hard.
Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + (should) + V.
VD: “Why don’t you take a rest?” she said to her husband.
=> She suggested that her husband (should) take a rest.
S + should / ought to / had better + V.
= Why don’t you + V? = S + advise + Osb + to-V. (trong câu gián tiếp)
= If I were you, I would + V. => It’s time for + O + to-V.
=> It is (high/about) time + S + Ved.
VD1: You had better not stay up late.
=> If I were you, I wouldn’t stay up late.
VD2: “You shouldn’t stay up late” he said.
=> He advised me not to stay up late.
S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
= S + get/have + sth + PII + (by + sb).
VD: She gets him to write a letter.
= She has him write a letter.
= She gets/has a letter written (by him).

S1 + simple present + and + S2 + simple future.

=If + S1 + simple present + S2 + simple future.
We are hard-working and we will use English very well.
= If we are hard-working, we’ll use English very well
(nếu chúng ta chăm chỉ, chúng ta sẽ sử dụng tiếng Anh thành thạo)

Mind
- Do you mind + Ving?
- Would you mind + Ving?
- Do you mind if I + V?
- Would you mind if I + Ved?
- Các cấu trúc chuyển đổi giữa thì HTHT và thì QKĐ
• It is the first time + S + have/has + PII
= S + have not/never + PII +…before.
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 VD: I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
=> This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
• It is + khoảng thời gian + since + S + (last) + Vqkđ
VD: It is 2 years since I last watched TV.
= S + last + Ved + khoảng tg + ago.
 I last watched TV two years ago.
= The last time + S + Vqkđ + was + khoảng thời gian + ago.
=> The last time I watched TV was two years ago.
= S + have/has + not + PII + for + khoảng thời gian.
=> I haven’t watched TV for two years.
• The last time + S + Vqkđ + was + in/last + mốc thời gian.
VD: The last time I played tennis was last month.
The last time I played tennis was in 1990.
= S + last + Vqkđ + in/last + mốc thời gian.
=> I last played tennis in 1990.
= S + have/has + not + PII + since + mốc thời gian.
=> I haven’t played tennis since last month.
=> I haven’t played tennis since 1990.
* Mốc thời gian có thể là “when + S + V”
VD: I last talked to him when I was in London.
=> I haven’t talked to him since I was in London.
• S + started/began + to-V/Ving + khoảng tg + ago.
= S + have/has + PII + for + khoảng tg.
VD: It started to rain two hours ago.
=> It has rained for two hours.
a)
S + started/began + to-V/Ving + in/last + mốc tg.
= S + have/has + PII + since + mốc tg.
VD: I started to learn English in 2005.
=> I have learned English since 2005.
b)
When + did + S + V?
= How long ago + did + S + V?
= How long + have/has + S + PII?
= How long is it since + S + Vquá khứ đơn?
VD: When did you buy that car?
=> How long ago did you buy that car?
=> How long have you had that car?
=> How long is it since you bought that car?
VD2: When did you start learning English?
=> How long ago did you start learning English?
=> How long have you learned English?
=> How long is it since you started learning English?

Sự hòa hợp giữa các thì.

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* Câu phức trong tiếng Anh là câu có một mệnh đề chính và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ.
* Thì của động từ ở mệnh đề phụ tùy thuộc thì của động từ ở mệnh đề chính.
* CÁC QUY TẮC HÒA HỢP GIỮA CÁC THÌ:
- Trong câu có SAY THAT, mệnh đề sau THAT có thể được chia ở tất cả các thì.
- Trong câu có SAID THAT, mệnh đề sau THAT không được chia ở hiện tại, tương lai.
- Hiện tại hoàn thành + SINCE + quá khứ đơn
VD: We haven’t met him since we left school.
- Hiện tại tiếp diễn + WHEN/WHILE + hiện tại tiếp diễn
VD: He is reading a book while I am watching TV.
- Tương lai đơn + WHEN/BEFORE/AFTER/UNTIL/AS SOON AS + hiện tại
đơn VD: I will give it to you when I visit you next week.
- Tương lai đơn + AFTER + hiện tại hoàn thành
VD: He will go home after he has finished his work.
* Không được dùng thì tương lai trong mệnh đề chỉ thời gian.
- Quá khứ hoàn thành (xảy ra trước) + WHEN + quá khứ đơn (xảy ra sau)
VD: The train had left when we came.
(Có thể đảo hai thì với nhau)
- Quá khứ đơn + AFTER + quá khứ hoàn thành
VD: We came after the train had left.
- Quá khứ hoàn thành + BEFORE + quá khứ đơn
VD: The train had left before we came.
- Quá khứ đơn + WHEN + quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn + WHEN + quá khứ đơn
VD: We were doing our homework when he arrived.
- Quá khứ tiếp diễn + WHILE + quá khứ tiếp diễn
- Quá khứ đơn + WHILE + quá khứ tiếp diễn
VD: My parents were watching TV while I was learning English.
The phone rang while I was cooking the meal.
- Quá khứ đơn + AS SOON AS + quá khứ đơn / quá khứ hoàn thành.
VD: I called you as soon as I got hom

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