ANATOMY 2

MODULE 1
TASK SHEET – PART 1
PRELIM
NAME: ________________________________________
HEAD
• formed mainly by the skull with the brain and its covering meninges enclosed in the cranial cavity
• Special senses: Eye, Ears
• Brain gives rise to 12 pairs of cranial nerves
Task: Complete the table
S

Note: The scalp has a rich supply of blood to nourish the hair follicles and for this reason, the smallest cut bleeds
profusely
Task: Label the layers of the SCALP

OSTEOLOGY
Human Bones:
Task: Complete the table
Axial Appendicular
Bones forming the Bones located at the
80 126
Examples: Examples:

I. Adult Skull – Composition

Task: Fill in the blanks
a. S________ – immobile joints, bounded by sutural ligament, connects the cranial bones
Note: Temporomandibular joint – mobile synovial joint
b. C_________ – Cranial bone + Facial Bones
a. _______– upper part of the cranium
b. _______________– lowest part of the cranium
c. __________ – spongy bone that separates the external and internal tables of the skull
Note: Internal table is thinner and more brittle than the external table
II. Bones of the Skull
Task: Complete the table
P
T

Skull Cranial bones F

22 bones 8 bones O
E
S

Task: Fill in the missing information.

SUTURES
• C________ suture –
• S_________ suture
• S__________ suture –
• L__________–
Task: Draw and label the sutures

Task: Fill in the missing information.

LANDMARKS
• Pterion –

• Inion –

• Nasion –

• Glabella –

• Asterion –
III. Neonatal Skull
• Has larger cranium
• Bones – smooth and unilaminar
• (-) diploe
• Incomplete ossification – connected by fibrous tissue
or cartilage → FONTANELLES
• Lambda – intersection of lambdoid and sagittal
sutures
• Bregma - intersection of sagittal and coronal sutures

a. Vault – ossified by membrane

b. Base – ossified by cartilage
c. Fontanelle

Task: Complete the table

Anterior Fontanelle Posterior Fontanelle
Aka Aka
shaped shaped
Lies between Lies between the
And between And the
Ossifies @ 18 mos. of age Ossifies @ 1 y/o of age
Note:
Depressed fontanelle – dehydrated
Bulging fontanelle – increased intracranial pressure
IV. Cervical Spine – Typical
TYPICAL CERVICAL VERTEBRAE

Transverse Process (2) Foramen transversarium (C1-C6: vertebral arteries and veins)
Spine (1) Small and bifid
Body Small and broad
Vertebral foramen Large and triangular
Superior Articular Process (2) Orientation: Superior and Posterior
Inferior Articular Process (2) Orientation: Inferior and Anterior
Note: How many processes are there in a typical vertebrae?
IV. Cervical Spine – Atypical
C1 Atlas (-) body
(-) spinous process
(+) anterior arch
(+) posterior arch

C2 Axis (+) Dens / odontoid process –

peglike that projects superiorly
from the body

C7 Vertebra Prominens - Longest spinous process à not bifid

- Large transverse process
- Foramen transversarium – small à only
transmits the vertebral vein

Task: Complete the table

Typical Cervical Vertebra:
Vertebral body
Spinous process
Transverse process
Spinal Canal
Facet Joints Superior:
Inferior:
Orientation 45 deg oblique
FACE
• The skin of the face possesses numerous sweat and sebaceous glands.
• No deep fascia is present in the face.
• The skin of the face is supplied by branches of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve
Task: Label the branches of trigeminal nerve

VI. Opthalmic Nerve - Forehead

- Upper Eyelid
- Conjunctiva
- Side Of The Nose Down To And Including The Tip
VII. Maxillary Nerve - Posterior part of the side of the nose
- Lower eyelid
- Cheek
- Upper lip
- Lateral side of the orbital opening
VIII. Mandibular Nerve - Llower lip
- Lower part of the face
- Temporal region
- Part of the auricle

Task: Complete the table

N
I
L

Skull Facial Bones P : forms the roof of mouth

22 bones 14 bones Z : cheek bones
M : upper jaw
M : lower jaw
V separates the nostrils

III. Muscles of the Face

IV. Facial Nerve

Temporal branch - Anterior and superior auricular muscles

- Frontal belly of the occipitofrontalis
- Orbicularis oculi
- Corrugator supercilii
Zygomatic branch - Orbicularis oculi
Buccal branch - Buccinator muscle
- Muscles of the upper lip and nostril
Mandibular branch - Muscles of the lower lip
Cervical branch - Platysma muscle
- May cross the lower margin of the body of the mandible to supply the
depressor anguli oris muscle

INTERIOR OF THE SKULL

I. Meninges
Task: Complete the table
Dura Mater
Aka ____________
• Endosteal layer – ordinary periosteum covering the inner surface of the skull bones. It is most strongly
adherent to the bones over the base of the skull
• Meningeal layer – the dura mater proper. It is a dense, strong, fibrous membrane covering the brain
 • ___________________– sickle shape fold of dura mater that lies in the midline between the two cerebral
hemispheres
• ________________– crescent-shaped fold of dura mater that roofs over the posterior cranial fossa
• _________________– for the passage of midbrain

______________ Space – separates the dura from the arachnoid

Arachnoid Mater
Aka _____________
Delicate, impermeable membrane covering the brain and lying between the pia mater internally and the dura mater
externally
_____________ Space – separates the arachnoid mater from the pia. Filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Pia Mater
Aka _____________
Vascular membrane that closely invests the brain, covering the gyri and descending into the deepest sulci
Task: Correctly label the meninges
Brain

Skull

II. Venous Blood Sinuses

• Blood-filled spaces situated between the layers of the dura mater
• Lined by endothelium
• Their walls are thick and composed of fibrous tissue
• (-) Muscular tissue
• (-) Valves
Superior Sagittal Sinus Lies in the upper fixed border of the falx cerebri Unpaired
Inferior Sagittal Sinus Lies in the free lower margin of the falx cerebri. Unpaired
Straight Sinus Lies at the junction of the falx cerebri with the tentorium Unpaired
cerebelli
Right and Left Each sinus lies in the lateral attached margin of the Paired
Transverse Sinus tentorium cerebelli, and they end on each side by
becoming the sigmoid sinus
Sigmoid Sinus Direct continuation of the transverse sinuses. Paired
Occipital Sinus Lies in the attached margin of the falx cerebelli. Unpaired
Cavernous Sinus Lateral side of the body of the sphenoid bone Paired
III. Brain
Task: Complete the table
Embryonic division
Location Adult Cavities
1 Brain Vesicles 2 Brain Vesicles
Cerebrum
Lateral Ventricle
Basal Ganglia
S
Forebrain Pro_____________
H
3rd Ventricle
E
T

Cerebral Aqueduct
Midbrain Me_______________ Tectum
of Sylvia

Cerebellum
Hindbrain Rho______________ Pons 4th Ventricle
Medulla Oblongata

III. Brain – External Surface Anatomy

Task: Fill in the blanks
• Gyri – folds
• Sulci – fissures
• 4 Main Fissures
1. _______________________ Fissure – separates right and left hemispheres
2. ______________________– separates temporal lobe from other lobes
3. _____________________– Separates Frontal and parietal fissures
4. _____________________– separates the parietal and occipital lobe
• CNS – brain and spinal cord
• PNS – ANS, SNS (Sympa and Parasympathetic)
III. Brain – Internal Surface Anatomy
Task: Complete the table
CEREBRUM

Frontal Lobe
Function:

Parietal Lobe
Function:

Occipital Lobe
Function:

Temporal Lobe
Function:

DIENCEPHALON

E
T

MIDBRAIN

Cerebral peduncles

Tectum

Pineal body

HINDBRAIN
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Cerebellum
III. Brain – Cerebellum

Task: Complete the table

Paleocerebellum Archicerebellum Neocerebellum

Fine movement
Posture and mm tone Balance and coordination Coordination
--- Oldest Newest and largest

III. Blood Supply of the Brain

Task: In a separate sheet, draw and label the Circle of Willis. Attach work upon completion. Answer the following
questions:
Arteries that make up the Circle of Willis:
Branches of ICA:
Terminal branch of MCA:
Terminal branch of ACA:
III. Ventricles of the Brain
“Come let’s formally take Sylvia for lunch mamaya sa aristocrat”
Task: In a separate sheet, make a flowchart / diagram of CSF flow. Attach work upon completion

IV. Cranial Nerves

Task: Enumerate the 12 cranial nerves and identify functions (motor, sensory, both).