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I. Put the verbs into the corresponding stages:

1. Add (v) 7. Cool (v)

2. Package (v) 8. Dry (v)
3. Start (v) 9. Heat (v)
4. Add (v) 10. Press (v)
5. Put (v) 11. Cut (v)
6. Place (v) 12. Dig (v)

II. Match the synonyms:

1. Start, begin (v) a) Stage (n)

2. Produce (v) b) Involve (v)
3. Place (v) c) Commence (v)
4. Process (n) d) Comprise (v)
5. Step (n) e) Put (v)
6. Consist of (v) f) Procedure (n)
7. End (v) g) Manufacture, Make (v)
8. Include (v) h) Culminate
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III. Outline of Process:

150 words / 7 ~ 9 sentences.

The diagram illustrates how bricks are produced.

• Produce (v)
Paraphrasing/ • = make
1st sentence
Introducing • = manufacture

The diagram Vs/es how [Something] be V3/ed.

Or:
Overall
Overall, the production of making bricks consists of 7 stages, starting
Statement/
2nd sentence: with digging the clay and culminating/ending with delivering bricks.
Number of
• Consist of (v)
steps
• = comprise
The process begins/commences when clay is dug out from the ground
through a digger,

• Begin (v)
The first and • = start
3rd Sentence: second step of • = commence
the process. • Dig (Vinf)
• = Dug (V3/ed)
,which is followed by clay being put on a metal grid and placed on a
roller.
➔ Which is followed by N being V3/ed on [something] and V3/ed ….
After sand and water are added, the mixture is pressed through a
4th Sentence: The next step.
mould and cut into different bricks by a wire cutter.
The next step involves the bricks dried in a drying oven for 24 to 28
5th Sentence: The next step. hours.

Following that, the bricks are heated from 200C to 980C in moderate
th
6 Sentence: The next step. temperature at first, then later 870C-1300C and finally, they are
cooled down in cooling chamber for 2 or 3 days.
Eventually, the final products are packaged and delivered to
7th Sentence: The last step
customers by trucks.
IV. Fill in the missing words. Pay attention to the added phrases to ensure the wordcount of 150:
The diagram illustrates how bricks are produced. (1) __________ , the production of making
bricks (2) _____________ 7 stages, (3) _____________ digging the clay and (4) ___________
delivering bricks.
The process (5) ____________ when clay is dug out from the ground through a digger, which
(6) ____________ the clay being put on a metal grid and placed on a roller for the mixing up later. (7)
_____________ sand and water are added, the mixture are pressed through a mould and cut into
different bricks by a wire cutter. The next step (8) _____________ the bricks dried in a drying oven for
24 to 28 hours. (9) ____________ the dried bricks are heated from 200C to 980C in moderate
temperature at first, (10) ____________ it heated in a high temperature of 870C-1300C and finally,
they are cooled down in the cooling chamber for 2 or 3 days before actual delivery.
(11)________________, the final products are carefully packaged and delivered to customers by
trucks.
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V. Grammar for Process:

1. Tenses: Passive Voice (Be + V3/ed):

- The process begins when clay is dug out from Should we use pronoun “I, you, we, they, he, she,
the ground through a digger. it, people,…”?

➔ Present Simple (am,is,are + V3/ed) 2. Use connectives to link sequences:

2. Structures: ◦ The first step involves / Firstly / Initially /

…
- After the mixture of sand and rock is added into
the mixer, it is then placed on a tool. ◦ The second step is / Subsequently / Then
/ Which is followed by / After that /
➔ Being added into the mixer, the mixture of
Before/…
sand and rock is placed on a tool.
◦ Eventually / Finally / …
➔ Use complex structures to connect two
clauses. (Before/after, V-ing,….)

VI. Purpose of doing something:

1. To melt the glass bottles, they are heated in the furnace with high temperature.
2. The leaves are left outside in the sun in order that they can be sun-dried.
3. The leaves are left outside in the sun because this allows them to sun dry.
4. The water is filtered so that any impurities/unwelcoming substances are be removed.

Write the purposes of the following actions:

1. Oranges / rinse with water / remove dirt.

➔
2. The liquid glass / cool down / chamber / harden.
➔
3. The nuts / season / salt / enhance the flavours.
➔

Purposes
• …because this allows the temperature to be suitable for the cooking process later.
• … because this enables the ingredients to be blended well.
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V. Put the verbs into the process of manufacturing milk tea:

1. Take a pan.
2. Pour some water into it.
3. Place the pan on fire.
4. The water boils.
5. Add tea & sugar.
6. The mixture boils again.
7. Pour some milk.
8. Serve the tea cold.

The diagram illustrates how milk tea is produced. Overall, the

procedure of making milk tea consists of 8 stages, starting with (1)
______________ and culminating with (2) ________________
The process commences when a pan (3) __________, which is
followed by some water (4) ____________ into it. After the pan
(5)__________ on fire, the water (6) ____________. The next step
involves tea and sugar (7) ______________. Following that, the
mixture (8) ___________ again. Eventually, some milk (9)
___________ into the mixture to enhance flavours and then the tea
(10) __________ cold.

Correct the mistakes in this report. Then, answer the questions:

The diagram illustrates how apple juice produced. As can be seen, there are ten steps in this
linear process, start with selecting the best apples and culminating with delivering the final products.
The production commenced when apples are harvested and only the best ones are selected.
After that, the apples are transported on a receiving belt to the area where they are washed and
sorted. Following, the apple grinder cuts them into pieces which are then stored in a bucket and
poured into a pressing machine where they have the juice squeezing out of them. Then, the juice is
taken to a centrifuge that separates water from apple concentration. Next, aroma is added to the
concentration which is then filtrated and clarified at 80 degrees Celsius. Having been pasteurised, the
juice is poured into bottles and packaged. Finally, these bottled are delivered by trucks to retailers.
1- How many steps are there? Does the overview cover the number of steps? / 2- What tenses are used? Underline passive forms of verbs
/ 3- Circle signposting language.
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Write the bare verb form of these nouns:

• Collection ➔

• Transportation ➔

• Brown, green, clear➔

• Glass pieces➔

• Supermarket➔
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Model

Overall, there are three stages in this whole process, beginning with gathering used glass bottles. The
next step shows how to recycle these bottles, and the process ends with the provision of filled bottles
to retail stores.

Firstly, second-hand glass bottles are brought to a collection point and then are transported to a
recycling area. To clean these bottles, they are placed under high-pressure water to eliminate dust
and other unwelcome substances. In the next step, after these glass bottles are classified by their
colors (clear, green and brown), they are moved to a glass factory in order to be crushed into smaller
pieces.

Those pieces are then burnt in a particular furnace at a temperature (600c - 800c) to become molten
glass. At the following step, the recycled molten glass coupled with new liquid glass is poured into a
mould to shape into bottles. The new bottles are filled with drink, and the entire glass recycling
process concludes after these bottled bottles are delivered to a supermarket.