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  • Pseudo To Dichelo Characteristics

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    Tricia Mae Juanitas
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    This document describes several Gram-negative bacterial genera including Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Histophilus, Glasserella, Avibacterium, Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Dichelobacter. It provides information on their morphology, growth characteristics, differentiation methods, and pathogenic species. Some require special growth factors or anaerobic conditions. Differentiation is done through biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility, electrophoretic patterns, ELISA, and PCR-based methods depending on the genus. Several are opportunistic pathogens of humans or animals.

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    Pseudo to Dichelo Characteristics

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    This document describes several Gram-negative bacterial genera including Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Histophilus, Glasserella, Avibacterium, Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Dichelobacter. It provides information on their morphology, growth characteristics, differentiation methods, and pathogenic species. Some require special growth factors or anaerobic conditions. Differentiation is done through biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility, electrophoretic patterns, ELISA, and PCR-based methods depending on the genus. Several are opportunistic pathogens of humans or animals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    4 views2 pages

    Pseudo To Dichelo Characteristics

    Uploaded by

    Tricia Mae Juanitas
    This document describes several Gram-negative bacterial genera including Pseudomonas, Burkholderia, Histophilus, Glasserella, Avibacterium, Actinobacillus, Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Dichelobacter. It provides information on their morphology, growth characteristics, differentiation methods, and pathogenic species. Some require special growth factors or anaerobic conditions. Differentiation is done through biochemical tests, antibiotic susceptibility, electrophoretic patterns, ELISA, and PCR-based methods depending on the genus. Several are opportunistic pathogens of humans or animals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    PSEUDOMONAS BURKHOLDERIA HISTOPHILUS GLAESERELLA AVIBACTERIUM ACTINOBACILLUS FUSOBACTERIUM BACTEROIDES DICHELOBACTER

    Medium size Gram negative Gram negative Rods Small Gram – rods often cb, occasionally form short filaments - Gram negative - has irregularly staining - thick, straight or slightly
    rods - medium-sized rods (0.3-0.5 x 0.6- - long, non-branching curved up to 6 µm long
    1.4 um) filamentous form and bulging at one or both
    - pleomorphic - Highly pleomorphic with ends
    - coccobacilli rounded ends - Gram – large rod with a
    - sometimes filamentous characteristic barbell or
    club shape
    - Piliated
    Obligate Aerobes Aerobic Facultative anaerobes facultative anaerobes Anaerobic bacteria
    - Fermentative – ferment Fusobacterium spp. and bacteria formerly referred to as Bacteroides spp. account for more than 50%
    - carbohydrates producing acid but of the anaerobic organisms
    not gas
    No special growth Grows on MCA - fastidious, some require growth factors X (haemin) and V (NAD) in chocolate agar except H. - fresh isolate tend to stick to agar - Fastidious growth requirement - has metachromatic
    requirements * Burkholderia mallei requires somnus medium (yeast extract, vit.K, haemin, granules
    - Grows on MCA 1% glycerol in media for - Do not grow on MCA - grows on MCA – A.lignieresii , A. blood cysteine) - No CHO fermentation
    - Large, gray zone of optimal growth - Media of choice: chocolate agar, BAP with S. aureus equuli, A. suis - Thioglycollate medium - media with trypticase
    hemolysis in BAP - glycerol-enhances growth - H.somnus – yellowish hue and some isolates are hemolytic on sheep blood agar (maintenance) arginine, 10% horse
    exhibit satellitism - Other medium-egg yolk agar serum promotes its
    base growth
    - Can’t synthesize hydroxyl fatty
    acid
    Colonies produce diffusible - B. mallei is biochemically Differentiation of Histophilus somni, Glasserella parasuis and Avibacterium paragallinarum Differentiation of Actinobacillus Differentiation of non-spore forming gram negative anaerobes
    pigment and have unreactive species Colonies:
    characteristics odour - B. pseudomallei is - Haemophilus species diff.by reqts.for X and V growth factors, growth enhancement in an 1. Growth and reactions on MCA - D. nodosus – dark central zone, a pale granular middle zone and a spreading irregular periphery
    biochemically active atmosphere of CO2, catalase & oxidase rxns., carbohydrate utilization A.lignieresii , A. equuli, A. suis - with a ground glass appearance
    Pigments: - Tests for X and V factor reqts. Grow well on MCA -A. - F. necrophorum- grey, round and shiny
    • Pyocyanin – bluish green, Colonies of B. mallei and B. 1. Disc method for determining X and V factor pleuropneumoniae and A. seminis - Prevotella spp. and Porphyromonas spp. w/c become darkly pigmented after 5 days of incubation
    specific for P. aeruginosa pseudomallei become 2. Porphyrin test - Do not grow on MCA - Antibiotic susceptibility testing, biochemical tests and gas liquid chromatography for more
    • Pyoverdin or fluorescein – brownish with – no pigments - X factor – is heat stable and present in RBCs 2. Commercially available accurate ID of species
    greenish yellow produced - V factor – heat labile and also present in RBCs and is susceptible to NADases in plasma biochemical kits or specialized test - Methods of detecting virulent strains of D. nodosus:
    • Pyorubin – dark-red methods 1. Electrophoretic zymogram – proteolytic isoenzyme patterns
    pigment 3. Serotyping of A. 2. ELISA using monoclonal Abs
    • Pyomelanin – brown-black pleuropneumoniae isolates is 3. PCR
    pigment based on diff.in capsular
    polysaccharide antigens
    4. PCR-based methods
    Environmental organisms - obligate pathogen of Mucous membranes of animals – upper - Opportunistic pathogens
    - Present in water, soil, horses, other solipeds, strict parasites of the respiratory and genital mucous membranes respiratory tract and oral cavity - Synergism with other bacteria in mixed infections
    and plants humans and carnivores - Mucous membranes of digestive tract of animals and man
    - facultative intracellular - Excreted in the feces
    pathogen that does not - Survive for short pds.in the environment
    occur in nature - D. nodosus survives less than 7 days in the environment
    Found on skin, mucous - B. pseudomallei found on - labile in the environment Cannot survive for long in the Limited survival in the environment
    membranes and feces soil- opportunistic - Commensals on the mucous membranes of the URT environment
    pathogen susceptible to dessication Commensal in the alimentary tract commensal bacteria that
    - Burkholderia mallei – can and on mucous membranes normally lives in the human
    survive in the gastrointestinal tract
    environment for up to 6
    weeks
    Catalase positive Catalase positive Catalase negative Catalase positive Catalase negative Catalase – variable reactions
    Oxidase positive Oxidase positive Oxidase positive Oxidase negative Oxidase negative Oxidase and urease positive
    Motile motile except for Burkholderia Motile non- motile Non-motile non-motile
    mallei
    Capsulated sometimes produce capsules, although
    noncapsulated strains exist

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