LO2: Be able to determine work,

power and energy transfer in

dynamic engineering systems.
BTI: Fahim
 Equations of motion
• Three equations for uniformly accelerated motion,
• 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
1
• 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡 2
2
• 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑥
• Formula for uniform motion, (𝑎 = 0)
• 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑡
Concepts for Equations of Motion
• Conversion of units
• Starts from rest, u=0 𝑘𝑚 5
• 1 =1× 𝑚/𝑠
ℎ 18
• Comes to rest, v=0 • 1 𝑘𝑚 = 1000 𝑚

• Velocity is uniform, a=0

• For freely falling body, a = g

Fahim Ahmad 3
Speed of car is 50 km/h. How long will the car
move, if it travels uniformly for 30 minutes?
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒
• 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
• Distance=speed × 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
• 𝑥 = 𝑣𝑡
𝑘𝑚
• 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 50 × 30𝑚𝑖𝑛
ℎ
𝑘𝑚
• 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 50 × 0.5ℎ
ℎ
• 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 = 25𝑘𝑚

Fahim Ahmad 4
A ball rolls down a hill with a constant acceleration
of 3m/s2. If the ball started from rest, what is its
speed at the end of 4s?
• 𝑎 = 3 𝑚/𝑠 2
• 𝑢 = 0, 𝑣 =? , 𝑡 = 4𝑠
• 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡
• 𝑣 =0+3×4
• 𝑣 = 12 𝑚/𝑠

Fahim Ahmad 5
A car starts from rest and accelerates at 9.45 m/s2
for 6.5 s. How much distance is covered by the
car?
starts from rest means 𝑢 = 0
• 𝑎 = 9.45𝑚/𝑠2
• 𝑡 = 6.5𝑠
1
• 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
2
1
• 𝑥 = 0 × 6.5 + × 9.45 × 6.52 = 199.63𝑚
2

Fahim Ahmad 6
A car is moving with a velocity of 80 km/h. A driver sees a cat
and applies brakes. Brakes are applied and car comes to stop
by covering 20 m distance. Calculate retardation.
• 𝑣 = 𝑢 + 𝑎𝑡 • 𝑎 =?
• 𝑥 = 𝑢𝑡 +
1
𝑎𝑡 2 • 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑥
2
• 𝑣 2 = 𝑢2 + 2𝑎𝑥 • 0 = 22.222 + 2𝑎 × 20
𝑘𝑚 • 2𝑎 × 20 = −22.222
•𝑢= 80
ℎ −22.222
5 𝑚 •𝑎=
• 𝑢 = 80 × = 22.22 , 2×20
18 𝑠 • 𝑎 = −12.34 𝑚/𝑠 2
•𝑣=0
• 𝑥 = 20 𝑚
 Mechanical Energy
• Kinetic Energy • Potential Energy
1 • 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ
• 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
• Where, m is mass in kg • Where
• 𝑣 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑛 𝑚/𝑠 • 𝑔 = 9.8 𝑚/𝑠 2
• h 𝑖𝑠 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚
At the instant of striking, a hammer of mass 30 kg has a velocity of 15
m/s. Determine the kinetic energy in the hammer.

1
• 𝐾. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑣 2
2
1
• 𝐾 = × 30 × 152
2
• 𝐾 = 3375 𝐽
• 𝐾 = 3.375 × 103 𝐽 = 3.375 𝑘𝐽
11. Supplies of mass 300 kg are dropped from a helicopter flying at an altitude of
60 m. Determine the potential energy of the supplies relative to the ground at
the instant of release.

• 𝑚 = 300 𝑘𝑔, ℎ = 60 𝑚, 𝑃. 𝐸. =?

• 𝑃. 𝐸. = 𝑚𝑔ℎ

• 𝑃. 𝐸. = 300 × 9.8 × 60

• 𝑃. 𝐸. = 176.4 × 103 𝐽