Unit 4.

CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED – KEY CHI TIẾT

LANGUAGE FOCUS
Phonetics
Elision of weak vowels before /l/, /n/ and /r/
Grammar
The past simple and the present perfect
When I saw Sophie smoking, I was very disappointed.
Emphasis has been laid on the necessity that all factors be taken into account before the project is
started.
My grandma has worked as a volunteer at this hospital since she retired three years ago.
Vocabulary
Words and phrases related to people with disabilities and how to support them
accessible, donate, cognitive impairment...
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. disabled B. donate C. physical D. integrate
(âm /ə/, các câu còn lại âm /ei/)
2. A. visual B. disable C. physical D. enthusiastic
(âm /ʒ/, các câu còn lại âm /s/)
3. A. slogan B. local C. support D. remote
(âm /ɔ:/, các câu còn lại âm /əʊ/)
4. A. involved B. volunteered C. supported D. disabled
(âm /ɪd/, các câu còn lại âm /d/)
5. A. provides B. involves C. donates D. improves
(âm /s/, các câu còn lại âm /z/)
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the position of
primary stress in each of the following questions.
1. A. donate B. respect C. deafen D. impair
(nhấn âm 1, các câu còn lại nhấn âm 2)
2. A. preferable B. disrespectful C. secondary D. voluntary
(nhấn âm 3, các câu còn lại nhấn âm 1)
3. A. disabled B. effective C. respectful D. primary
(nhấn âm 1, các câu còn lại nhấn âm 2)
4. A. vocational B. energetic C. curricular D. employable
(nhấn âm 3, các câu còn lại nhấn âm 2)
5. A. battery B. volunteer C. barrier D. villager
(nhấn âm 3, các câu còn lại nhấn âm 1)
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined
word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. Reading is widely considered a voluntary activity associated with pleasure and achievement.
A. optional B. mandatory C. academic D. informative
(“voluntary" mang nghĩa "mang tính tự nguyện”; “mandatory” hoặc “compulsory” mang nghĩa “tỉnh
bắt buộc”)
2. It will be particularly annoying for the local people who had to endure deafening music from the nearby bars
until the small hours.
A. loud B. polluted C. soft D. melodious
(“deafening” mang nghĩa “chói tai”, “soft” mang nghĩa "êm dịu, dễ chịu”, lưu ý "melodious” có nghĩa
“nghe êm tại như nhạc” ví dụ “a rich melodious voice”, chứ không nói là “melodious music)
3. The citizens really support the local government in helping disadvantaged children in the area.
A. assist B. oppose C. encourage D. deny
("support” mang nghĩa "ủng hộ”, “oppose SB/ST" mang nghĩa “phản đối”)
4. Are people who work till 10 o'clock in the evening more energetic than those who stop at 5 o'clock?
A. alert B. delightful C. exhausted D. passive
("exhausted” mang nghĩa “kiệt sức", "energetic" mang nghĩa “nhiều năng lượng”)
5. Many children with learning difficulties are integrated into ordinary schools.
A. mixed B. separated C. evaluated D. classified
(integrate into/with ST” mang nghĩa “nhập chung”, trái nghĩa với “separate from ST” mang nghĩa “tách
ra”)
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. This house has been built in 2010 and I bought it when I moved to Vinh city in 2014.
A B C D
(sửa thành “was built", lưu ý “in 2010” là một thời điểm cụ thể trong quá khứ)
2. My friend can't walk to school now because his broken leg.
A B C D
(sửa thành “that”, lưu ý cấu trúc “now that”, mang nghĩa như “because/since/as”)
3. Modern farms are much larger than that of former times.
A B C D
(sửa thành “those”, lưu ý “modern farms” là danh từ số nhiều)
4. Per capital income is a nation's entire income dividing by the number of people in the nation.
A B C D
(sửa thành “divided by", rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ "... income (which is) divided by the number ...")
5. Alcoholic beverages vary widely in content, ranging from only 2 or 3 percent for some light beers to as high
A B C
to 60 percent for some Vodkas and brandies.
D
(sửa thành “as high as”, cấu trúc "as ADJ as", so sánh bằng)
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following sentences.
1. Don't worry, Joe's depression is only ____ - it'll soon pass.
A. lasting B. temporary C. impatient D. essential
("temporary mang nghĩa "tạm thời”, so sánh với “lasting” mang nghĩa “kéo dài)
2. A lot of patience is ____ to look after a disabled child.
A. required B. registered C. participated D. lectured
(“to be required to do ST” mang nghĩa “cái gì được yêu cầu để làm việc gì”)
3. This room may be hired for weddings and other ____.
A. signals B. comments C. functions D. campsites
(“function”, mang nghĩa “chức năng")
4. Do you know that the ____ letter can also work as a formal document?
A. confirm B. confirming C. confirmed D. confirmation
(“confirmation letter” mang nghĩa “thư xác nhận”)
5. The disabled artist digitally inserted himself ____ the picture.
A. on B. to C. into D. at
(insert ST into ST”, mang nghĩa “thêm cái gì vào cái gì”)
6. Typhoon Damrey has caused extensive damage ____ houses, boats and crops in Vietnam.
A. for B. to C. into D. with
("cause damage to ST", mang nghĩa “thiệt hại đối với ai”)
7. There is no decision ____ when the work might start.
A. in B. at C. from D. on
("decision on ST”, mang nghĩa “quyết định về vấn đề gì”)
8. The girl whom you met last night ____ a singer.
A. was used to be B. used to be C. used to being D. was used to being
("used to do ST" mang nghĩa "đã từng làm việc gì”; So sánh với “be used to V-ing” mang nghĩa “đã quen
với làm việc gì”)
9. His excuse for being disrespectful to the disabled sounded quite ____, so we did not accept it.
A. believable B. believing C. unbelievable D. unbelievably
(“unbelievable”, mang nghĩa “khó tin, không đáng tin cậy”)
10. The volunteers decided to make this Christmas ____ for their friends with disabilities.
A. forgetful B. forgettable C. forgotten D. unbelievable
(“unbelievable”, trong ngữ cảnh này, mang nghĩa “tuyệt vời, không thể tin nổi")
11. The government have ____ a campaign to relieve poverty and eradicate hunger in the local area.
A. set B. followed C. made D. launched
(“launch a campaign” là một cụm từ, mang nghĩa “thực hiện một chiến dịch”)
12. The campaign ____ donating books, toys, spare clothes for disadvantaged children in remote areas.
A. contains B. involves C. consists D. includes
("involve doing ST", mang nghĩa “bao gồm làm việc gì”, lưu ý "contain”, “consist” hoặc “include” cũng
mang nghĩa “bao gồm”, nhưng để chỉ các phần cấu tạo nên cái gì)
13. The organization is looking for some volunteers ____ as Santa Claus to give gifts to children.
A. dressing in B. wearing on C. dressing up D. putting on
("dress up”, mang nghĩa “hoá trang”)
14. The students are ____ about recording audiobooks as Christmas presents for children with visual
impairments.
A. eager B. enthusiastic C. keen D. interested
(“be enthusiastic about ST", mang nghĩa “rất hứng thú với việc gì”)
15. The school hopes to attract more and more students to its ____ activities aiming at helping the disabled.
A. curricular B. extra-curriculum C. extra-curricular D. curriculum
("extra-curricular activities”, mang nghĩa “hoạt động ngoại khoá”)
16. The number of people joining the volunteer group ____ to nearly 300.
A. has risen B. have risen C. have been risen D. has been risen
(chú ý “the number of N” là chỉ số lượng, một con số, nên động từ chia số ít; so sánh với “a number of N”,
mang nghĩa "một số người” thì lúc này động từ mới chia số nhiều)
17. The workers ____ a new representative.
A. have been elected B. have elected C. has elected D. was elected
(hành động mà kết quả còn trong hiện tại, dùng thì Hiện tại hoàn thành; “elect SB”, mang nghĩa “bầu cử
ai”)
18. My job application to the volunteer club ____.
A. haven't been accepted B. haven't accepted C. hasn't been accepted D. hasn't accepted
(hành động mà kết quả còn trong hiện tại, dùng thì Hiện tại hoàn thành)
19. They're really angry because someone ____ their car.
A. has been damaged B. has damaged C. damage D. was damaged
(hành động không rõ thời điểm xảy ra, kết quả còn trong hiện tại, dùng thì Hiện tại hoàn thành)
20. She's going to be late because her plane ____.
A. has been delayed B. has delayed C. delayed D. was delayed
(kết quả còn trong hiện tại, dùng thì Hiện tại hoàn thành, lưu ý, “chuyến bay bị hoãn”, cần dùng câu bị
động)
21. They still ____ more money by the management.
A. haven't offered B. haven't been offered C. offer D. offered
(kết quả còn trong hiện tại, dùng thì Hiện tại hoàn thành; lưu ý, “được thưởng tiền”, cần dùng câu bị
động)
22. The police ____ the public that the wanted man is dangerous.
A. have warned B. has warned C. warned D. have been warned
("the police” là danh từ tập hợp, động từ sẽ chia ở dạng số nhiều)
23. When they ____ she was reading some books on learning disabilities.
A. arrive B. will arrive C. were arriving D. arrived
(chỉ một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, nên dùng thì quá khứ đơn)
24. Robert de Niro began acting in the 1970s. He has been ____ for about 35 years.
A. acted B. acting C. acts D. to act
(chú ý cụm “35 years” chỉ một quãng thời gian kéo dài từ quá khứ tới hiện tại, dùng thì hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn)
25. When I ____ home my father wasn't there. He had gone out.
A. came B. had come C. come D. will come
(chỉ một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ, nên dùng thì quá khứ đơn)
26. I'll phone Mike as soon as I ____ any news.
A. will get B. get C. got D. had got
(trong câu có hai mệnh đề, mệnh đề chính là thì tương lai, thì mệnh đề chỉ thời gian dùng thì hiện tại đơn)
27. The electric light bulb ____ by Edison.
A. invented B. invents C. is invented D. was invented
(việc Edison phát minh ra bóng đèn là một sự kiện lịch sử, xảy ra và kết thúc trong quá khứ, dùng thì quá
khứ đơn)
28. I saw you on the bus yesterday. Where ____ you ____?
A. are / going B. did / went C. will / go D. were / going
(chỉ một hành động đang xảy ra vào một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ)
29. - A: "What should be done to help people with visual impairments?" - B: “____”
A. Not at all. B. Recording audiobooks may help.
C. I can't agree with you more. D. Let's help those people
(câu hỏi “Điều gì có thể làm để giúp người khiếm thị?”)
30. - A: "It is quite disrespectful to use words like "mute" or "dumb" to talk about disabled people." - B: “____”
A. I'm in no mood for that. B. I respect all people.
C. You can say that again. D. Thanks for the comment.
(“you can say that again” được dùng khi thể hiện sự tán đồng hoàn toàn)
VI. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or phrase
that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Over the past fifty years or so, the methods used for collecting money from the public to aid the
developing world have changed out of all recognition, along with the gravity of the problems (1) ____, and the
increasing awareness among the population that something must be done. At the beginning of this period, it
would have been common to put money in a collecting box, perhaps on the street or at church. The 1960s saw
the (2) ____ of shops which sold second-hand goods, donated by the public, and which also began to sell
articles manufactured in the developing world in charitable projects set up to guarantee a fair income to local
people. The next development was probably the charity 'event', in which participants were (3) ____ to run,
cycle, swim or what have you, and collected money from friends and relatives (4) ____ how far or long they
managed to keep going. The first hint of what was to become the most successful means of (5) ____ money was
the charity record, where the artists donated their time and talent, and the (6) ____ from the sales went to a good
cause. This was perhaps a (7) ____ of the fact that young people felt increasingly concerned about the obvious
differences between life in Europe and the United States, and that in most of Africa, for example. A feeling of
frustration was building up. Why was so little being done? The huge success of Band Aid, and (8) ____
televised concerts, showed the power of the media, and of music in particular, to inspire and shock. It differed
significantly in style from other events. People phoned up in their thousands on the day and pledged money by
(9) ____ their credit card numbers. (10) ____ if you have enough money to buy an MP3 player, you can afford
something for the world's starving children.
1. A. faced B. covered C. opposed D. approached
(“the problems faced (by SB)”, mang nghĩa vấn đề mà ai phải đối mặt")
2. A. occurrence B. entrance C. happening D. advent
("the advent of ST", mang nghĩa “sự xuất hiện quan trọng của cái gì”)
3. A. supported B. funded C. sponsored D. promoted
(“sponsor” mang nghĩa là được tài trợ”, dùng được cho người; so sánh với “fund”, nghĩa tương tự, nhưng
được dùng cho tổ chức, sự kiện)
4. A. in as much as B. according to C. with reference to D. as regard
(“according to ST”, mang nghĩa “theo cái gì”)
5. A. increasing B. lifting C. boosting D. raising
("raise a fund/money” mang nghĩa “gây quỹ”, “kêu gọi tiền”)
6. A. produce B. proceeds C. receipts D. returns
(“proceeds” ở đây là danh từ, mang nghĩa “tiền lời"; So sánh với động từ “proceed with ST", mang nghĩa
“tiếp tục làm việc gì”)
7. A. consideration B. reflection C. view D. display
(“reflection” mang nghĩa “sự phản ánh”; không mang nghĩa “sự phản xạ” trong ngữ cảnh này)
8. A. subsequent B. consequent C. attendant D. relevant
(“subsequent” mang nghĩa “tiếp nối, tiếp theo”)
9. A. mentioning B. quoting C. affirming D. recalling
(“quote” mang nghĩa “trích dẫn, trích lại”)
10. A. Anyway B. After all C. Although D. At any rate
("after all” mang nghĩa “sau tất cả, suy cho cùng”)
VII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
People do many crazy things to raise money for charity. The latest crazy stunt came from an English
man who decided to push a Brussels sprout up the highest mountain in Wales - with his nose. He wanted to raise
$8,500 for a cancer charity. Stuart Kettell, 49, said he loves challenges and will try to do anything for charity.
His other challenges include walking 800 kilometers on stilts and sitting in a box for a week. He said: "I have
seen firsthand the amazing charity work that Macmillan Cancer Support does, not only for the patient but their
family and friends too." He added: "People's cancer stories inspire me even more to carry on, and my challenges
are going to get even more crazy."
It took Mr. Kettell three days to push the Brussels sprout up the 1,085 meters high Mount Snowden. He
wore a specially designed face mask so he wouldn't scrape the skin off his face. He practised for his charity
mission by pushing a Brussels sprout around his garden. He chose a large sprout for his Snowden challenge. It
was about the size of a table-tennis ball. He said he wanted a larger one because it would not fall down a crack.
He spent three days on his hands and knees with his nose a centimeter or two above the ground. He told
reporters there was "a huge amount of pain" in his knees, wrists and back. He said he was happy because his
training worked, he reached the summit, and he raised money for the charity.
1. Which of the following is true about Mr. Kettell?
A. He is from Brussels. B. He is almost 50 years old.
 C. He walked 800 miles for charity. D. He worked for Macmillan Cancer Support.
(lưu ý đoạn 1, "Stuart Kettell, 49, said he loves challenges and will try to do anything for charity")
2. The word "stunt" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. an action B. a trick C. a guy D. an influence
("stunt", "action” mang nghĩa “pha hành động nguy hiểm”; diễn viên đóng thế còn được gọi là
“stuntman”)
3. According to Kettell, who has inspired him to take on more challenges?
A. his family B. patients' stories C. his friends D. the money
(lưu ý đoạn 1, "People's cancer stories inspire me even more to carry on, and my challenges are going to
get even more crazy")
4. All of the following is true about Kettell's challenge EXCEPT that ____.
A. It took him three days to finish the task. B. The pain was less than he expected.
C. He could raise money for the charity. D. He pushed the sprout up nearly 1 km.
(lưu ý đoạn 2, "He told reporters there was "a huge amount of pain" in his knees, wrists and back")
5. The word "It" in the passage refers to ____.
A. face B. challenge C. sprout D. ball
(lưu ý đoạn 2, “He chose a large sprout for his Snowden challenge”)
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each
of the questions.
THE MEANING OF VOLUNTEERING
The knock-on effect of volunteering on the lives of individuals can be profound. Voluntary work helps
foster independence and imparts the ability to deal with different situations, often simultaneously, thus teaching
people how to work their way through different systems. It therefore brings people into touch with the real
world; and, hence, equips them for the future.
Initially, young adults in their late teens might not seem to have the expertise or knowledge to impart to
others that say a teacher or agriculturalist or nurse would have, but they do have many skills that can help
any skills that can help others. And in the absence of any particular talent, their energy and enthusiasm can be
harnessed for the benefit of their fellow human beings, and ultimately themselves. From all this, the gain to any
community no matter how many volunteers are involved is immeasurable.
Employers will generally look favourably on people who have shown an ability to work as part of a
team. It demonstrates a willingness to learn and an independent spirit, which would be desirable qualities in any
employee. So to satisfy employers' demands for experience when applying for work, volunteering can act as a
means of gaining experience that might otherwise elude would-be workers and can ultimately lead to paid
employment and the desired field.
But what are the prerequisites for becoming a volunteer? One might immediately think of attributes like
kindness, selflessness, strength of character, ability to deal with others, determination, adaptability and
flexibility and a capacity to comprehend the ways of other people. While offering oneself selflessly, working as
a volunteer makes further demands on the individual. It requires a strength of will, a sense of moral
responsibility for one's fellow human beings, and an ability to fit into the ethos of an organisation. But it also
requires something which in no way detracts from valuable work done by volunteers and which may seem at
first glance both contradictory and surprising: self-interest.
Organisations involved in any voluntary work have to be realistic about this. If someone, whatever the
age is going to volunteer and devote their time without money, they do need to receive something from it for
themselves. People who are unemployed can use volunteer work as a stepping-stone to employment or as a
means of finding out whether they really like the field the plan to enter or as a way to help them find
themselves.
It is tempting to use some form of community work as an alternative to national service or as
punishment for petty criminals by making the latter for example clean up parks, wash away graffiti, work with
victims of their own or other people. Those may be acceptable, but it does not constitute volunteer work, two
cardinal rules of which are the willingness to volunteer without coercion and working unpaid.
1. According to paragraph 1, voluntary work helps equip people for the future because ____.
A. It has knock-on effect on people's lives
B. It helps people have profound knowledge about situations
C. It imparts knowledge about independence on individuals
D. It enables people to cope with various situations
(lưu ý đoạn 1, "It therefore brings people into touch with the real world; and, hence, equips them for the
future.")
2. The word "imparts" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. trains B. prevents C. creates D. learns
(“impart ST (to SB)” mang nghĩa “truyền đạt kiến thức/thông tin ... cho ai”)
3. According to paragraph 2, the whole community can benefit from ____.
A. young volunteers' expertise B. young volunteers' energy and enthusiasm
C. young volunteers' particular talent D. young volunteers' fellows
(lưu ý đoạn 2, "And in the absence of any particular talent, their energy and enthusiasm can be
harnessed for the benefit of their fellow human beings, and ultimately themselves. From all this, the gain
to any community no
matter how many volunteers are involved is immeasurable.)
4. According to paragraph 3, desirable qualities of an employee involve all of the following EXCEPT ____.
A. working in the desired field B. having an independent spirit
C. showing a willingness to learn D. being able to work well in a team
(lưu ý đoạn 3, "Employers will generally look favourably on people who have shown an ability to work as
part of a team. It demonstrates a willingness to learn and an independent spirit, which would be desirable
qualities in any employee")
5. According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about the prerequisites for becoming a volunteer?
A. They do not include understanding others' behavior.
B. They include both intrinsic and extrinsic qualities.
C. They must exclude the motive of self-interest.
D. They include contradictory qualities.
(lưu ý đoạn 4, "attributes like kindness, selflessness, strength of character, ability to deal with others,
determination, adaptability and flexibility ..." đều diễn tả “intrinsic qualities", mang nghĩa “phẩm chất
từ bên trong, tính cách"; “self-interest” ở dòng cuối, mang nghĩa “lợi ích cá nhân”, là “extrinsic quality",
mang nghĩa “tính chất bên ngoài...)
6. The word "prerequisites" in the passage mostly means ____.
A. requirements B. techniques C. regulations D. demands
(“prerequisite” hoặc “requirement” đều mang nghĩa “yêu cầu, điều kiện để làm gì”)
7. The phrase "detracts from" in the passage is closest in meaning to ____.
A. honours B. denies C. devalues D. evaluates
("detract from” hoặc “devalue” đều mang nghĩa “làm giảm giá trị”)
8. What should organisations concerning any voluntary work bear in mind?
A. Volunteers still benefit from their work in many ways.
B. People can do volunteer work regardless of their age.
C. Some people do volunteer work to get to know the employers.
D. Some volunteers may stop working if they find they dislike the field.
(Lưu ý, đoạn 5, "If someone, whatever the age is going to volunteer and devote their time without money,
they do need to receive something from it for themselves")
9. The phrase "the latter" in the passage refers to ____.
 A. national service B. petty criminals C. community work D. parks
("It is tempting to use some form of community work as an alternative to national service or as
punishment for petty criminals by making the latter for example clean up parks, wash away graffiti,
work with victims of their own or other people.")
10. Which of the following is stated about making petty criminals do some community work?
A. It can also be used for the victims of the criminals.
B. It is widely acceptable as punishments in certain communities.
C. It is not classified as volunteer work despite some similarities.
D. It should be done without coercion and with adequate payment.
(đoạn cuối, "it does not constitute volunteer work ...")
IX. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest in meaning to each of the
following sentences.
1. Jack joined the volunteer team in 2010.
A. Jack has worked in the volunteer team since 2010.
B. It was in 2010 that Jack began doing volunteer work.
C. Jack began doing volunteer work in 2010.
D. Jack started the volunteer team in 2010.
("Jack joined ... in 2010” mang nghĩa “tham gia vào năm 2010”, tức là “làm từ năm 2010 tới nay”, “has
worked ... since 2010”)
2. Since last month, people have donated more than 500 books.
A. People have donated 500 books more than they did last month.
B. People started to donate 500 books one month ago.
C. More than 500 books were donated a month ago.
D. After a month, more than 500 books have been donated.
(cấu trúc bị động “passive voice”; “be+V-ed/N-3”; mang nghĩa “bị/ được làm gì”)
3. Janet started her voluntary work when she was in grade 11.
A. Janet has been a voluntary worker since she was in grade 11.
B. Janet has been doing voluntary work since she was in grade 11.
C. It was in grade 11 that Janet joined the volunteer team.
D. Only after grade 11 did Janet start her voluntary work.
("started ... in grade 11" mang nghĩa “bắt đầu làm lúc lớp 11”, tức là “làm từ lúc lớp 11 tới nay", "has
been doing ... since she was in grade 11")
4. Donations of clothes, toys, and books are always needed at the local charity shop.
A. The local charity shop always lacks donations of clothes, toys, and books.
B. The local charity shop only needs donations of clothes, toys, and books.
C. The local charity shop always in need of donations of clothes, toys, and books.
D. The local charity shop always needs more than donations of clothes, toys, and books.
(“to be in need of ST” mang nghĩa "ai thiếu thốn điều gì”)
5. It was wrong of you to use disrespectful language to talk about people with disability.
A. You should have used disrespectful language to talk about people with disability.
B. You can't have used disrespectful language to talk about people with disability.
C. You oughtn't to have used disrespectful language to talk about people with disability.
D. You must have used respectful language to talk about people with disability.
(“oughtn't to have V-ed/-3” và “shouldn't have V-ed/V-3” đều mang nghĩa đáng lẽ ra không nên làm việc
gì”)
X. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Understanding cognitive disabilities will change people's attitudes. It will also make them support these
children better.
 A. Understanding cognitive disabilities will neither change people's attitudes nor make them support
these children better.
B. Understanding cognitive disabilities will either change people's attitudes or make them support these
children better.
C. Understanding cognitive disabilities will only change people's attitudes not make them support these
children better.
D. Understanding cognitive disabilities will not only change people's attitudes but also make them
support these children better.
(“... not only ... but also ...” là cấu trúc mang nghĩa “không những ... mà còn ...")
2. Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor. He had difficulties with words and speech.
A. Thomas Edison, one of the world's greatest inventor, had difficulties with words and speech.
B. Because Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor, he had difficulties with words and
speech.
C. Although Thomas Edison was one of the world's greatest inventor, he had difficulties with words and
speech.
D. Unless Thomas Edison were one of the world's greatest inventor, he would have difficulties with
words and speech.
("A, B, ...” là cấu trúc “appositive”, hoặc “đồng vị”, khi B sẽ có nghĩa tương đương với A, làm rõ A)
3. Disabled people can contribute to our community. Non-disabled people can also contribute to our
community.
A. Either disabled people or non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
B. Both disabled people and non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
C. Only disabled people not non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
D. Neither disabled people nor non-disabled ones can contribute to our community.
(Both ... and ..." là cấu trúc mang nghĩa “Cả ... và ... đều ...")
4. Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829. Since then, it has been an effective means of communication for the
visually impaired.
A. Since Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829, it has been an effective means of communication for the
visually impaired.
B. Louis Braille had no sooner invented Braille in 1829 than it became an effective means of
communication for the visually impaired.
C. Not until Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829 did it become an effective means of communication
for the visually impaired.
D. Louis Braille invented Braille in 1829 so that it would be an effective means of communication for
the visually impaired.
("Since...,...”; “thì hiện tại hoàn thành” với từ “since”)
5. We should not use the words like "deaf" or "them". They are disrespectful.
A. We should not use the words like "deaf" or "them", and they are disrespectful.
B. We should not use the words like "deaf" or "them", so they are disrespectful.
C. We should not use the words like "deaf" or "them", but they are disrespectful.
D. We should not use the words like "deaf" or "them", for they are disrespectful.
(“for” ở đây mang nghĩa như “because”, “tại vì”)