The

Lymphatic
System
 • The lymphatic system is a linear
network of lymphatic vessels and
THE secondary lymphoid organs.
• It is responsible for the fluid
LYM balance. Interstitial fluid is being
PHA filtered and brought back into the
bloodstream.
TIC • It absorbs and transports fatty
SYS acids and fats from the digestive
system.
TEM • It transports white blood cells
and dendritic cells for the defense
system of the body.
The Lymphatic
System’s Parts
and Functions
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS
 Lymph (Lymphatic Fluid)
PARTS
It is a fluid in the lymphatic system
AND originating from the interstitial fluid
that enters the lymphatic vessels. It
FUNC contains nutrients, oxygen,
hormones, and fatty acids, as well
TIONS as toxins and cellular waste
products, that are transported to
and from cellular tissues.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Lymph Vessels

These are one-way valve vessels connected

to lymphatic capillaries. it transports lymph
from peripheral tissues to the veins of the
cardiovascular system.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Lymph Nodes

It is a lymphatic tissue, usually in clusters,

separated into compartments by fibrous
partitions which help defend the body
against foreign substances. These are also
sites of hemopoeisis (T and B Lymphocytes).
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Spleen

It is a mass of lymphatic tissue found above

and behind the cardiac portion of the
stomach. It contains white pulp (site of
lymphocytes) and red pulp (filters the blood).
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Tonsils

These are lymphoepithelial tissues located

in your mouth and throat. It protects the
body against pathogens and other
potentially harmful microorganisms
entering from the nose and the mouth.
PARTS
AND
FUNC
TIONS Thymus

It is located in the thoracic cavity between

the trachea and sternum superior to the
heart. It serves as the site of T-lymphocyte
maturation, development, and control.
Immunity
I 5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

M Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and

destroy disease-causing germs.
M Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the
body and causes immune response; molecules
U produced by the body.

N 1. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is in tissue fluid and

plasma and defends against bacterial cells,
I viruses, and toxins and activates complement,
a group of immune system enzymes.
T 2. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is in exocrine gland
secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears) and
Y defends against bacteria and viruses.
I
M 3. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) is found in plasma
and activates complement and reacts with
M blood cells during transfusions.

U 4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) can be found on

surface of B cells, especially those of infants.
N It activates B cells

I 5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) is found in exocrine

gland secretions and promotes allergic
T reactions.

Y
 Innate Immunity
I
M •Innate immunity is our first defense
against invaders.
M •Innate immunity refers to nonspecific
defense mechanisms that come into
U play immediately or within hours of an
N antigen's appearance in the body.
•Act as physical and chemical barriers
I against pathogens such as skin,
T chemicals in the blood, and immune
system cells that attack foreign cells in
Y the body.
I
M Main Components of Innate Immunity:
M
1) physical epithelial barriers
U 2) phagocytic leukocytes
3) dendritic cells
N 4) a special type of lymphocyte called
I natural killer (NK) cell
5) circulating plasma proteins
T
Y
 Acquired Immunity
I •Acquired immunity takes time to develop after
first exposure to a new antigen. However
M afterward, the antigen is remembered, and
M subsequent responses to that antigen are
quicker and more effective than those that
U occurred after the first exposure.
•Acquired immunity is also called specific
N immunity because it tailors its attack to a
specific antigen previously encountered. Its
I hallmarks are its ability to learn, adapt, and
remember.
T •Acquired immunity develops before exposure
to agents such as microbes, toxins, or other
Y foreign substances. It involves a very specific
response to pathogens.
I Adaptive Immunity
M •Adaptive immunity develops after
M exposure to agents such as microbes,
toxins, or other foreign substances. It
U involves a very specific response to
pathogens.
N •Two types of adaptive immune
I responses: humoral immunity, mediated
by antibodies produced by B
T lymphocytes, and cell-mediated
immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes.
Y
 Active Immunity
I •It develops naturally when memory cells form
clones in response to an infection and can also
M develop following immunization, also called
vaccination.
M •In immunization, a nonpathogenic form of a
microbe or part of a microbe elicits an immune
U response to an immunological memory.

N Passive Immunity

I •It provides immediate, short-term protection.

•It is conferred naturally when IgG crosses the
T placenta from mother to fetus or when IgA passes
from mother to infant in breast milk.
Y •It can be conferred artificially by injecting
antibodies into a nonimmune person.
I
M
M
U
N
I
T
Y
Lymphatic
System
Diseases
D Lymphedema

I It is a lymphatic disorder that involves

obstruction, lymph fluid builds up in the tissues.
S
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
E
It is caused by a retrovirus called human
A immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is the most
severe phase of HIV infection. People with
S AIDS have such badly damaged immune
systems that they get an increasing number of
E severe illnesses, called opportunistic infections
(such as tuberculosis).
S