Water: Global water resources, Indian water resources, Resources system

planning. Water use sectors- domestic, industrial, agriculture. Water deficit and
water surplus basins in India, equitable distribution, Inter-basin water transfers,
Interlinking of rivers – Himalayan component, peninsular component, issues
involved. Ground water, its potential in India, conjunctive use, recharge of
ground water. Contamination of ground water, sea water ingress, problems and
solutions.

by
Dr. Sharad G. Joshi
Dean Academics and Prof of Civil Engg,
KLE Institute of Tech, HUBLI
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 - VARUN SUKTA

6/11/2022 S. G. Joshi 2
 Reality Check

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 Global Warming : A dark reality

 Floods  Droughts.
Other problems:
 Increasing Non-cooperation among stake holders
 Social problems like Water-illiteracy, Inequality, Social stigmas, festivals
 Lack of legislation, policy, direction, technology,

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 Root Cause analysis
Problems Effect Possible Solution
Non-cooperation in Inequality, wastage, Water cooperation,
water sector deficit, disputes peoples participation,
address all stake holders
Govt. Indifference to Reduction in plan outlay Continued & consistent
farming sector Security to be extended
Youth indifference to No indigenous Glamorise R & D in water
water and agriculture technology sector to attract youth

Illiteracy in agriculture Low productivity, Automation, precision

and water sector farmers suicide, farming, awareness,
migration dignity of labour

Lack of legislation Chaos, Policy paralysis, Systematised approach,

Lack of control & long term policy and
administration discipline

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 IN A
NUTSHELL

 Water is a resource that everyone needs to survive[SAVE WATER, SAVE LIFE].

 Water is not abundant; it is a scarce resource, finite[MAKE EVERY DROP COUNT].
 It is our duty to conserve water [EVERY DROP IS IMPORTANT].
 Increase the productivity of water [MORE CROP PER DROP].
 Second green revolution is due. [NO BLUE; NO GREEN].
 Sharing and caring is the key [COOPERATE OR PERISH].
 Coexistence of stake holders [WATER WATER EVERYWHERE; ONLY IF YOU SHARE].
 Water is vital input for development [MORE WATER MORE JOBS]
 Legislation, Literacy, Awareness, igniting the young minds – imperative for future.

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 Global Availability of water

Global water

Sea water Fresh Water

97.2% 2.8%

Surface water Ground water

2.2% 0.6%
Less than 0.01% of the
Globally existing water is
available for use to all living
Glaciers Inland Utilisable GW Non-utilisable things. (Plants, Animals,
2.15% 0.05% 0.25% 0.35% aquatic life, organisms etc.
for all our activities)
Fresh water Streams & This availability is not
Saline Lakes Other forms
Lakes
0.008%
Channels
0.032%
uniform in time and space
0.009% 0.0001%

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6/11/2022 S.G.Joshi 8
 Global water Scenario:

 Total water on earth : 1.4 billion KM3

 (Enough to cover India to a depth of 450 KM)
 Total renewable water on earth : 41,000 KM3
 (Enough to cover India to a depth of 14.5 M)
 World population increased form 2.8 billion in 1955 to 5.3 billion in 1990. By 2050
population is projected to be 7.1 to 9.1 billion.
 Result : per capita availability of water decreasing.

2731 2000 1403

Cum Cum Source:
CumIndian Water Resources Society, Water: Vision 2050, (1999)

(1991) (2020) (2050)

 Water is prominent on the list of Global crisis.

 80% of Global population faces water insecurity (quantity/quality or both)
 20th Century has seen
 Population growth, changing standards of living , expansion of irrigated
agriculture, urbanisation, pollution & climate change, etc.
 It has also seen – destruction of ecosystems, loss of fish species, dislocation of
human population, inundation of cultural sites, contamination of water
resources, droughts & floods, etc.
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 Water in Indian Subcontinent

 Half the World population receives water from Tibet (occupied by China)

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 Indian water Scenario:

 India occupies about 2.4% land of the world but is bestowed with 4% of
water resources.
 India supports 17.1% of the population of the World.
 Unequal distribution : 1/3rd of area provides 2/3rd of water resources (in
Ganga, Brahmaputra & Meghna valleys). 85% water in @90 days (monsoon).
 Storage capacity in India is only @ 300 BCM. (1/3rd of large dams in India)
 Per capita storage in dams is 262 Cum as against 1111 Cum in China.
 Today we are self supporting in food grain production, But increase in
requirement both due to increase in population & consumption rate are
still problems to be handled.
Year Projected Annual Food Food grain consumption
Population Cr reqt M. tons grams/capita/day
2000 100 200 550
2025 130-150 310-370 650-800
2050 150-180 440-540 800-1000

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 Indian water Scenario:

Global Average
is @ 70 %

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 Where India stands in Water Resources

Parameter Value

Area of the country as % of World Area 2.4%

Population as % of World Population 17.1%

Water as % of World Water 4%
Rank in per capita availability 132
Rank in water quality 122
Average annual rainfall 1160 mm ( world average 1110 mm)
Range of distribution 150-11690 mm
Range Rainy days 5-150 days, Mostly during 15 days in 100 hrs

Range PET 1500-3500 mm

3
Per capita water availability (2010) 1588 m

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 MAJOR RIVER BASINS OF INDIA

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 PERCENTAGE OF GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF EACH BASIN

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 WATER AVAILABILITY IN INDIAN BASINS

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 WATER AVAILABILITY IN VARIOUS BASINS OF INDIA

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