Student Book answers P2 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a plastic is a poor conductor of energy conductivity (or is a good insulator) 1
so the handle does not become hot when the iron is hot 1
the base is metal because metal is a good conductor of energy (or has 1
high thermal conductivity)
and it has a low specific heat capacity so it becomes hot quickly 1
1b the layers of insulation reduce energy transfer by conduction from the 1
inside of the house to the outside
so less energy from the heating system is needed to keep warm and 1
therefore energy bills are reduced
1c paper is a poor conductor of energy (or has low thermal conductivity, or is 1
a good insulator)
so it reduces energy transfer from the surroundings to the ice cream 1
2ai conduction through plate 1
2 a ii radiation (and convection) through air 1
2b fins increase surface area of heat sink 1
larger surface area means more energy lost due to radiation and
convection from plate 1
2c greater density of material so larger mass of heat sink for same volume 1
greater mass and specific heat capacity of material so lower temperature 1
increase for given amount of energy transfer
copper  better choice 1
unless mass of aluminium much greater than mass of copper 1
3a wool good insulator as fibres trap dry air which is good insulator 1
inside of clothing becomes warm due to radiation from body 1
body stays warm because clothing does not conduct heat energy away 1

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 Student Book answers P2 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
3b in cold weather, radiation from exposed skin causes energy transfer from 1
head
hair is insulator containing trapped air so reduces energy transfer by 1
conduction
wearing hat reduces radiation from exposed parts of scalp and reduces 1
conduction by providing extra insulation
4a both axes correctly labelled 1
suitable scales chosen 1
all points correctly plotted 1
two best fit curves drawn and labelled 1
4b unwrapped tube: 40 to 42 s 1
wrapped tube: 80-82 s 1
4ci the time taken would be longer 1
because the insulation is thicker and therefore the rate of transfer of 1
energy from the tube would be less
and the mass (or volume) of water is the same so it would cool at a slower 1
rate
4 c ii the time taken would be less 1
because the insulation has greater thermal conductivity so the rate of 1
transfer of energy from the water would be greater
and the mass (or volume) of water is the same so it would cool at a faster 1
rate
4di the rate of cooling (or change of temperature per second) would differ 1
if the volume had been different as the mass (or volume) of water affects 1
the rate of cooling
4 d ii the rate of transfer of energy from the water depends on its temperature 1
if the starting temperature differed, the rate of transfer of energy (or the 1
rate of change of temperature) would differ at any given time

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 Student Book answers P2 Summary answers

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
5a For each kg: ΔE = 1% of 60 MJ = 600 000 J 1
ΔE = mcΔθ gives 600 000 J = 1.0 kg × 400 J/kg °C × Δθ 1
600 000 J
 Δθ = 1
1.0 kg × 400 J/kg ºC
= 15 000 °C 1
5b yes, surface material vaporised at this temperature and small objects burn 1
up before reaching ground
meteorites don’t burn completely so only part of their mass vaporised 1
6a in 1 s, mwater = 1.5 kg /60 s = 0.025 kg 1
ΔE = 0.025 kg × 4200 J/kg °C × (40 – 15) °C = 2625 J 1
6b useful energy transferred in 1 s = 2625 J, energy supplied in 1 s = Pt = 1
5000 W × 1 s = 5000 J
2625 J
 efficiency = × 100% 1
5000 J
= 53% 1
7a E = mc  = 0.85 kg  4200 J / kg oC  (18oC - 4 oC) 1
= 50 000 J 1
7b 𝑬 𝟓𝟎 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝐉 1
average rate of transfer of energy = 𝒕 = 𝟓𝟐𝟎 𝐬
1
= 96 J/s

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