P1 Conservation and dissipation

Student Book answers of energy

P1.1 Changes in energy stores

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a loses GPE and gains KE, 1
some heat → surroundings due to air resistance 1
1b electrical energy → heat to heater element, 1
some heat → surroundings 1
2a any two from: 4 Award 1 mark for identifying the stores.
 e.g., electric torch: chemical energy stored in battery → electric Award 1 mark for describing the energy
current transfers energy to lamp → light or heat energy → changes and transfers
surroundings,
 e.g., candle: energy from chemical reactions when candle burns
→ light or heat energy → surroundings
2bi candle 1
2 b ii electric torch 1
3a energy transferred by electric current to train motor 1
→ GPE to train 1
3b friction on train wheels due to brakes reduces KE of train to zero 1
→ heat and sound to surroundings 1
4 electrical energy supplied to oven used to generate microwaves, 1
microwaves → make food particles move faster so food becomes hot 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.2 Conservation of energy

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a brake pads become hot due to friction and energy transferred from 1
brake pads to surroundings as heat
braking → sound energy → surroundings 1
1b KE → GPE in roller coaster 1
→ KE in air going up 1
GPE → KE going down 1
2a descent: GPE → KE + heat to surroundings due to air resistance 1
impact: KE → elastic energy of trampoline + heat to surroundings due 1
to impact + sound
ascent: elastic energy of trampoline → KE → GPE + heat to 1
surroundings due to air resistance
2b less energy at top of bounce than at point of release 1
2c clamp metre ruler vertically over middle of trampoline, hold ball next to 1
ruler with lowest point level with top of ruler,
release ball and observe highest level of bottom of ball after rebound, 1
repeat several times → average rebound position, 1
repeat with same ball for other two trampolines, 1
highest rebound position → bounciest 1
3 elastic energy of rubber straps → KE of capsule 1
KE → GPE as capsule 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 2
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.3 Energy and work

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1ai chemical energy stored in rower’s muscles → KE of boat and water + 1
heat to surroundings
1 a ii motor KE → GPE of barrier + thermal energy from friction and sound 1
energy
1b 2000 N × 40 m = 80 000 J 1
2a KE of car → brake pads by friction between brake pads and wheel discs 1
so brake pads become warm 1
2b 7000 N × 20 m = 140 000 J 1
3ai 20 N × 4.8 m = 96 J 1
3 a ii 80 N × 1.2 m = 96 J 1
3b 1400 J 1
7.0 m 1
= 200 N
4a 25 N × 12 m = 300 J 2 1 mark for calculation, 1 mark for answer with
unit.
4b chemical energy stored in student’s muscles → KE in box, 1
when box moving KE + GPE of box does not change, 1
frictional force between box and floor transfers energy by heating from 1
box to floor

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 3
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.4 Gravitational potential energy stores

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1a descent: GPE of ball transferred by force of gravity → KE of ball, 1
+ KE of air pushed aside by ball moving, 1
impact: KE of ball → elastic energy of ball + some elastic energy → KE 1
as it rebounds,
after impact: KE of ball → GPE of ball as it rises → KE of air pushed 1
aside by ball as it moves through the air
1bi mg = 1.4 N
EP = 1.4 N × (2.5 m – 1.7 m) 1
= 1.1 J 1
1 b ii any two from: 2
 energy → surroundings due to air resistance as ball moves
through air,
 energy transfer due to heating of ball when it is deformed,
 energy → surroundings by sound waves when ball hits floor
2a 450 N × 0.20 m = 90 J 1
2b 50 × 90 J = 4500 J 1
3a 25 kg × 10 N/kg × 1.8 m 1
= 450 J 1
3b ball falls 1.8 m – 0.3 m = 1.5 m 1
EP = mgh = 25 kg × 10 N/kg × 1.5 m = 375 J 1
4 energy supplied by blood system to biceps to keep muscle contracted, 1
no work done on object as it doesn’t move, 1
energy supplied heats muscles → heat to surroundings 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 4
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.5 Kinetic energy and elastic energy stores

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1ai 0.5 × 500 kg × (12 m/s)2 1
= 36 000 J 1
1 a ii 0.5 × 0.44 kg × (20 m/s)2 1
= 88 J 1
1b 1 1 1
EK = mv2 = 2 × 36 000 J so × 500 kg × v2 = 72 000 J
2 2
72 000 J 1
∴ v2 =
0.5 × 500 kg
= 288 m2/s2 ∴ v = 17 m/s 1
2ai work done by muscles transfer chemical energy from muscles 1
→ elastic PE of catapult 1
2 a ii elastic PE of catapult 1
→ KE of object 1
2bi 2.0 N × 5.0 m = 10 J 1
2 b ii weight 2.0 N
mass = = = 0.20 kg 1
g 10 N/kg
1 1
assume all elastic energy → KE in object, EK = 2 mv2 = 10 J
1
so 2 × 0.20 kg × v2 = 10 J
10 J 1
∴ v2 =
0.5 × 0.20 kg
= 100 m2/s2 ∴ v = 10 m/s 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 5
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
3a work done by brakes = energy transferred from kinetic store = 1
360 000 J
using W = Fs → 360 000 J = F × 100 m 1
360 000 J
∴ F = 100 m = 3600 N 1
3b 1 2 1
2 × m × (30 m/s) = 360 000 J
∴ 0.5 × m × 900 (m/s)2 = 360 000 J
360 000 J
rearranging → m = 1
0.5 × 900 m2/s2
= 800 kg 1
4 1 1
elastic energy Ee = 2 ke2 = 0.5 × 250 N/m × (0.21 m)2
1
= 5.5 J

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 6
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.6 Energy dissipation

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a wasted: sound, KE of air 1
1b useful: light and sound, wasted: heat 1
1c useful: boils water, wasted: heat lost through surfaces, sound 1
1d useful: sound, wasted: heat loss 1
2a gear box would heat up due to energy transfer through friction between 1
the gears,
the hotter the gear box, the less efficient the gears, 1
if gear box becomes very hot, stops working as oil in it burns up and 1
gear wheels wear away
2b inside of shoes heat up due to energy transfer (by conduction + infrared 1
radiation) from feet which rub,
feet transfer less energy as shoes warm up so feet and athlete become 1
hotter
2c drill heats up due to friction between rotating drill and wood, 1
if drill becomes very hot, it burns wood creating smoke 1
2d discs heat up due to energy transfer by friction between discs and brake 1
pads,
KE of car decreases 1
3a as pendulum swings towards middle GPE decreases 1
and KE increases, 1
as it moves from middle to highest position its KE → GPE, 1
air resistance causes some KE → heat to surroundings 1
3b as air resistance opposes motion KE from pendulum → air, 1
until pendulum stops moving and has no KE, 1
energy transferred to air dissipated to surroundings 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 7
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
4 friction at wheel axles 1
and air resistance 1
reduces KE of cyclist and KE → heat to surroundings, 1
sound might also be created and → energy to surroundings 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 8
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.7 Energy and efficiency

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a useful energy < energy supplied 1
1bi useful energy delivered 1
efficiency = input energy supplied
a machine never > 100% efficient because useful energy delivered 1
never > total energy supplied
1 b ii useful energy always < total energy supplied, 1
due to electric currents in circuit wires/components 1
and friction between moving parts, 1
energy dissipated by transferring heat to surroundings 1
2a 60 J − 24 J = 36 J 1
2b 24 J
1
60 J (× 100)
= 0.40 (or 40%) 1
3 0.25 × total energy supplied 1
= 0.25 × 3200 J = 800 J 1
4 electric current supplied energy to fan heater → heat air and make air 1
move,
air becomes hotter and gains KE, 1
energy wasted because sound waves transfer energy to surroundings 1
and friction between moving parts heats moving parts instead of air 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 9
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.8 Electrical appliances

Question Answer Marks Guidance
number
1a B 1
1b B 1
1c A 1
2a WD winding clockwork spring up 1
to store energy in spring 1
2b spring drives small electric generator in radio, energy → from spring to 1
generator by force of spring when spring unwinds,
current from generator → energy to radio circuits 1
2c advantage: no replacement batteries needed 1
disadvantage: spring needs to be rewound after unwinding 1
3a Any one from: 1
 heat water
 spray it and pump it out
3b hot water pumped from machine transfers energy to surroundings, 1
machine vibrations create sound waves → energy to surroundings 1
4a 80% × 60% 1
= 48% 1
4b (100% − 48%) = 52% 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 10
 P1 Conservation and dissipation
Student Book answers of energy

P1.9 Energy and power

Question Answer Marks Guidance

number
1ai mains filament bulb 1
1 a ii 10 000 W electric cooker 1
1b 2 million × 3 kW = 6 million kW 1
2a 5000 W × 20 s 1
= 100 000 J 1
2b 12 000 J (× 100)
1
100 000 J
= 0.12 (or 12%) 1
3a 1500 kJ
1
50 s
= 30 kW 1
3b 30 kW
1
100 kW
= 0.30 (or 30%) 1
4a current through heater → energy to heater raising temperature of water, 5
pump → energy to water to keep water moving enabling water to
overcome resistive forces due to pipes, energy → to surroundings by
sound waves from pump
4b 12 000 W × 4800 s 1
= 960 000 J 1

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 11