First Aid Training

k|fy{lds pkrf/ tflnd

Rupak Bhandari, MD
 k|fy{lds pkrf/

k|fy{lds pkrf/ la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg' eGbf

klxn] ;fdfGo ¿kdf lbO{g] pkrf/ kBlQ xf] .

 of] k"0f{ pkrf/ xf]Og .

 o;n] la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn k'Ug] a]nf ;Dd clns /fxt

k'¥ofp5 / kl5 pkrf/ k|lS|mofdf klg ;3fp5 .
First Aid Training

BLEEDING
rf]6k6s nfu]/ /ut au]df (Bleeding)
sf/0f (causes) M
• 3/fo;L b'3{6gf
• sfo{ ubf{ x'g] b'3{6gf
• prfO{ af6 v:bf
• ;8s b'3{6gf
• wfl/nf] xltof/sf] k|of]u
• emu8faf6 x'g] b'3{6gf
 s] ug]{ (Management)?
• ;kmf sk8fn] !)–!% ldg6 ;Dd lyr]/
/fVg] .
• AofG8]h ug]{ .

• d'6'sf] ;tx eGbf

dfly /fVg] .
• Tourniquet
• olb 3fpdf aflx/L j:t' k/]df, kfgLsf] wf/fdf 3fpm ;kmf ug]{ .
• c:ktfn ;Sbf] rf“8f] k''¥ofpg] .
 TOURNIQUET
 olb s]xL ubf{ klg /ut g/f]lsPdf .
 2.5 to 5 cm
 w]/} dl;gf] 8f]/L k|of]u gug]{ .
 xft / v'§fsf] nflu dfq k|of]u ug]{ .
 Aff“w]sf] ;do l6k]/ /fVg] .
 1- 2 hr eGbf a9L gaf“Wg] .
 vf]Ng] a]nfdf klxnf pressure lbP/ dfq vf]Ng] cGoyf /ut
aUg ;S5 .
 s] gug]{
• 3fpdf 5]8]sf] a:t' cfkm}n] glgsfNg] .

• w'nf], uf]a/, a];f/ h:tf a:t' 3fpdf gnufpg] .

• 3fp eGbf dfly 8f]/Ln] hf]8n] gs:g], s:g' k/] sk8fn]

xNsf s:g] .
leqL/St>fj
(Internal bleeding)
s] ug]{?
!= la/fdLnfO{ pQfgf] kf/]/ ;'tfpg]
@= nfdf] / ulx/f] :jf; lng eGg]
#= hlt;Dej l56f] :jf:Yo rf}sL k'¥ofpg]
$= To:tf] la/fdLnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cf}ifwL glbg]
%. To:tf] la/fdLnfO{ s'g} klg k|sf/sf] vfg]s'/f vfg
glbg]
First Aid Training

EPISTAXIS
 gfsaf6 /ut cfpg''M
Nose bleed (Epistaxis)
sf/0fx¿ M
• gfs sf]6\ofpbf .
• ;+Sm|d0f .
• ;'Vvf jftfj/0f x+'bf .
• alx/L a:t' gfsdf k|j]z u/]df .
• d'6'sf] / /utsf] ;d:of ePdf .
• cGo .
 s] ug]{ ? (Management)

• la/fdLnfO{ ;fTjgf lbg], la/fdL j/Lk/L eL8

gug]{ .

• la/fdLnfO{ a;fP/ cuf8L em'Sg nufpg] .

• % ldg6 ;Dd cf}“nfn] gfs lyRg] .

• ;kmf sk8f gfsdf /fv]/ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg] .

 s] gug]{ (Don'ts)

!_ la/fdLnfO{ k5f8L em'Sg gnufpg],

/ut :jf;gnLdf uP/ ;ls{g ;S5 .
First Aid Training

BURNS
 hng (BURNS)
• sf/0f M
!_ cfuf]
@_ tftf] a:t'
#_ tftf] kfgL, jfkm / t/n kbfy{
$_ laB't
%_ r6\ofª
^_ /;folgs kbfy{
;fdfGo hng (Minor Burns)

• cfuf] lgefpg] / v'Nnf

7f+‘pdf nUg] .

• hn]sf] efu 7+8f kfgLdf

!)–!% ldg]6 /fVg] .
• hn]sf] efuaf6 uxgf of sk8f eP
x6fpg] .

• ;kmf sk8fn] 5f]Kg] .

• b'vfO{ sd ug]{ cf}iflw lbg] .

MAJOR BURNS
 s] ug]{ ? (MANAGEMENT )
• cfuf] lgefpg] / v'Nnf 7f+‘pdf nUg] .
• lehfPsf] ;kmf sk8fn] 5f]Kg] .
• d'6'sf] ;tx eGbf dfly /fVg] .
• hn]sf] efudf uxgf of sk8f sl:;P/ a;]sf]
jf lgsfNg ufx|f] 5 eg] ha/h:tL glgsfNg] .
• hn]sf] efu lgs} 7+8f kfgLdf PSsf;L g/fVg] .
• c:ktfn nUg] .
/;folgs hng(Chemical Burns)

!_ /;folgs a:t' x6fpg] . /;fog nfu]sf] efu

wf/fsf] kfgLdf ;kmf ug]{ .
@_ uxgf of sk8fdf /;fog nfu]sf] eP
x6fpg] .
#_ ;kmf sk8fn] 5f]Kg] .
$_ b'vfO{ sd ug]{ cf}iflw lbg] .
%_ c:ktfn nUg] .
 s] gug]]{ (DON'TS)

• t]n, gf}gL nufot c? lrNnf] kbfy{

gnufpg] .
• kmf]sfx¿ gkm"6fpg], ;+S|md0f x'g ;S5 .
 First Aid Training

SOFT TISSUE INJURY

xft v'§f ds{g' (Soft tissue injury)'
 P = Pain killers

 R = Rest

 I = Ice compression,
Immobilization

 C = Compression / crepe bandage

 E = Elevation

 S = Support
 b'vfO{ sd ug]{ cf}iflw lbg] .
1. PAINKILLERS
2. Rest ds]{sf] efunfO{ cf/fd lbg] .
3. Ice
a/km Knfl:6sdf xfn]/ ;]Sg]
jf lr;f] kfgLdf 8"afpg] .
4. COMPRESSION / CREPE BANDAGE

gxlNnof]; eGgsfnflu crepe bandage sf]

k|of]u ug]{ .
5. ELEVATION
ds]{sf] efu z/L/sf] ;tx eGbf dfly /fVg] .

5. Support
;kf]6{ lbg] .
 s] gug]{ (DON'TS)
!_ dfln; gug]{ .

@_ tftf] a:t'n] g;]Sg] .

 xft v'§f ef“lRrPdf (Fractures)
! c8lsPsf] 7f“paf6 z/L/sf] c+u lgsfNg vf]Hg] t/
ha/h:tL gug]{, h:t} 9f]sfdf c8lsPsf] eP
9f]sf km'6fPk5L dfq c8lsPsf] efu lgsfNg] .

@ ;fdfGo ansf] k|of]un] ef+lrPsf] c+unfO{ l;wf kfg]{ .

# v'Nnf 3fpnfO{ ;fa'g kfgLn] ;kmf u/L ;kmf sk8fn] 5f]Kg]

$ ef“lRrPsf] efudf s'g} klg k|sf/sf] n]k gnufpg]

 sfd|f] (Splint)
s] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 <
!= 5ftf
@= sk8f a]l/Psf] n¶L
#= Pp6f v'§f eflRrPdf csf]{ v'§f k|of]u ug{
;lsG5 .
 sfd|f] af“Wbf Wofg lbg'kg]]{ s'/f

lgs} hf]8n] s:g' x“'b}g gangrene

x'g ;S5 .
 sfd|f]sf] kmfObf
!_ b'vfO{ sd u5{ .
@_ /ut sd aU5 .

#_ /utsf gnL Pjd\ gzfdf rf]6 sd k5{ .

$_ c:ktfn ;Ddsf] ofqf ;xh agfp“5 .
d]¿b08df rf]6 nfu]df (Spinal Injury)
7"nf] b'3{6gfdf la/fdLsf] d]¿b08df rf]6 nfu]sf] x'g ;S5 .

!= la/fdLnfO{ otfptf klN6g glbg] .

@= la/fdLnfO{ cfkm} p7\g jf a:g glbg] .

#= la/fdLnfO{ kN6fpbf sf7sf] d'9fnfO{ kN6fP h:t} kN6fpg] .

$= 3f+6LnfO{ afª\uf] gkfg]{ .

%= la/fdLnfO{ c:ktfn ;Dd spinal board

df Nofpg] .

^ ;dtn ;tx ePsf] j:t' h:t} vf6 k|of]u ug{

;lsG5 t/ 8f]sf]sf] k|of]u gug]{ .
First Aid Training

FOREIGN BODY
First Aid Training

EYE PROBLEMS
 cf“vfsf] ;d:ofx¿ (Eye problems)
!_ /;folgs a:t' cf“vfdf k/]df M lr;f] ;kmf kfgLn] w'g] jf
aflN6g/ af6fdf kfgL e/]/ cf“vf 8'afpg] .
t'?Gt c:ktfn k'¥ofpg] .

@_ aflx/L a:t' k/]df M

• cf“vfsf] 9sgL pN6f] kf/]/ cf+vf rnfpg] .

• ;kmf sk8fn] klg lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
• cf“vfsf] ;]tf] efudf 5 eg], ;nfO{sf] sf“6Ldf ;kmf skf; a]/]/
lgsfNg ;lsG5 .
 gfsdf aflx/L a:t' c8s]df
!_ d'vn] ;f+; km]g{ nufpg] .

@_ ha/h:tL pQm a:t'nfO{ aflx/

glgsfNg] .

#_ aRrf ePdf p:sf] xft k5f8L af+Wg] .

 sfgdf aflx/L a:t' c8\s]df
• la/fdLnfO{ Ps kf6f] kf/]/ ;'tfpg] / sfgdf
gl/jn t]n jf tf]/Lsf] t]n xfNg] . olb ls/f 5
eg] dfly cfpg ;S5 / lgsfNg ;lsG5 .

• o;af6 s]lx gePdf t'/Gt c:ktfn Nofpg] .

 s] gug]{ (Don'ts)
• sfgdf cf“}nf, ;nfO{ sf] sf“6L tyf cGo
ltvf] a:t'n] gsf]6\ofpg] .

• o;n] pQm a:t' cem leq hfg ;S5 .

tyf sfgsf] hfnL ;d]t km'6\g ;S5 .
 FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION
3f+6Ldf aflx/L a:t' c8\sd
] f
• aRrfx¿df – aRrfnfO{ cuf8L em'Sg nufO{
lk7\o"df xTs]nfn] % k6s 7f]Sg] .
• df5fsf] sf“8f of cGo ltvf] a:t' c8\sd
] f
la/fdLnfO{ cflQg glbg] / t'?Gt c:ktfn
Nofpg] .
 ;fgf aRrfx¿df
• aRrfnfO{ Ps xftdf /fv]/ aRrfsf] 6fpsf]
cln tn kfg]{ .

• pQm xftnfO{ v'§f dfly /fVg] .

• csf]{ xftn] % k6s lk7\o"df 7f]Sg] .

 HEIMLICH MANEUVER
• la/fdLsf] k5f8L pleg] /
la/fdLnfO{ cuf8L
em'Sg nufpg] .

• la/fdLnfO{ ;Demfp“b}
cfkm\gf] xftn]
la/fdLnfO{ 3]g]{ .
• Ps xftn] d'¶L kfb}{
k]6sf] gfeL eGbf
dfly a'9L cf“}nf
leq x'g] u/L /fVg] .

• csf]{ xftn] d'¶LnfO{

;dfTg] .
• l56f] l56f] d''¶Ln]
leq k§L an
nufpg] .

• la/fdLnfO{ /fd|/L
;dft]/ /fVg] .
Wofg lbg'xf]nfM
• obL la/fdL cfkm“} vf]Sb} 5 of af]Ng
;S5 eg] la/fdL cfkm}n] vf]s]/ lgsfNg]
k|of; ug'{ k5{ .
First Aid Training

BITES
SNAKE BITES
;k{n] 6f]s]df
nIf0fx? (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)

•6f]s]sf] 7f“pdf /ftf] x'G5, km"Ng ;S5, /ut

aU5 / 5fnfdf bf+tsf] lrGx b]lvG5 .
 s] ug]]{ <
 la/fdLnfO{ cflQg glbg] / 6f]s]sf] :yfgaf6 6f9f
nuL cf/fd u/fP/ /fVg]
 cfsl:ds ;xof]usf] nflu dflg;x?nfO{ af]nfpg]
 ;Dej eP ;k{sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
 ;fa'g kfgLn] 3fp w'g] .
 6f]s]sf] efunfO{ ;kmf sk8fn] a]/]/ Gofgf] agfO{ /fVg]
6f]s]sf] efunfO{ w]/} grnfpg] / d'6'sf] ;tx eGbf
tn /fVg] .
 सु न्निएको] efudf 38L, sk8f eP x6fpg]

;k{n] 6f]s]sf] ;do l6Kg]

In short: reassurance, immobilization
and pressure immobilization by
compression or creepe bandage
PRESSURE IMMOBILIZATION
TECHNIQUE
 s] gug]{ (DON'TS)
• 3fpnfO{ grnfpg] / df6f] of kfp8/sf] k|of]u gug]{ .

• sf6]/ /ut tfGg] k|of; gug]{ .

• d'vn] laif gtfGg] .

• s'g} /;fog of af]6 la¿jfsf] /; gnufpg] .

• 3fp eGbf dfly 8f]/Ln] gaf“Wg] .

• la/fdLnfO{ d'vaf6 s]xL klg vfg]s'/f glbg]
• 6f]ss
] f] 3fpdf lr;f] a/kmn] g;]Sg]
DOG BITE
 s] ug]]{ <
 न्निरामीलाई आन्निन नन्निने, आरमिायक
अवस्थामा राख्न्िे

 घाऊ लाई तुरुन्त न्यानो सफा पानीले पखाल्ने

वा सफा गने
 घाऊ िाट रगत िग्न प्रोत्साहन गने एिी रगत नआएको
खन्डमा घाऊलाई न्ननचोरे र रगत आउन न्निने जसले
गिाा न्नकटाणु घाउिाट फैन्नलन सक्दै न

 घाउलाई सफा कपडाले छोप्ने

 िु खाई कम गने औषधी न्निने

 तुरुन्त अस्पताल लैजाने

 सम्भि् eP न्निराdL वा नातेिारहरुले सो

कुकुरको १० न्निन्सम्म न्ननग्रान्नन रख्न्िे, कुकुर्
सन्नहसालमत ePdf डराउनु पिै न अन्यथा
antirabies को ;a} खोप लगाउने
 First Aid Training

laif POISONING
• z/L/df ljif l5g]{ dfWodM
!_ lgn]df of vfPdf
@_ Zjf; k|Zjf;af6
#_ 5fnfaf6
• sf/0fx? M
!_ 3/fo;L /;fogx¿
@_ ljiffn' la¿jf
#_ cf}iflw
$_ cfTdxTofsf] k|of; u/]df
%_ dn of ls/fdfg]{ ljifflb k|of]u u/]df
 s] ug]{ ?
• laifsf] klxrfg ug]{ .

• laifsf] 8Aaf jf ar]sf] laif

klxrfgsf] nflu /fVg] .

• la/fdLn] afGtf u/]df afGtf

hDdf ug]{ .
• ljif Zjf;af6 k;]df M
 la/fdLnfO{ v'nf xfjfdf nUg] .
 sk8fnfO{ v's'nf] kfg]{ .
 cfjZostfcg';f/ s[lqd :jf;k|Zjf; lbg
 la/fdLn] afGtf u/]df Zjf;gnLnfO{ ;kmf ug{]
 d'v tyf 3f“6L ;kmf ubf{ cf}“nfnfO{ ;kmf sk8fn] a]/]/ dfq
ug{]
 la/fdL k'/} lgsf] b]lvP klg :jf:Yo pkrf/ ug{] .
 ljif 5fnfaf6 k;]df M
 ljif nfu]sf] sk8f vf]Ng] / 5'6\6} w'g] .
 5fnfnfO{ /fd|/L ;kmf ug]{ .
 laif lgn]df M
• d'vdf nfu]sf] ljifnfO{ ;kmf ug]{ .
• olb k]6«f]n, cDn of klxrfg gePsf] a:t'
lgn]sf] 5 eg] afGtf gu/fpg] .
• d'vaf6 s]xL vfg]s'/f glbg] .
• olb la/fdL d'5f{ k/]df To;sf] nflu k|fy{lds
pkrf/ lbg]

• la/fdLnfO{ afof“tkm{ klN6g nufpg]

• olb laif sk8fdf nfu]sf] eP sk8f x6fO{

pQm 7fp“nfO{ ;kmf kfgLn] ;kmf ug{]
 ;fjwfgLx?
 a]xf]; ePsf] dfG5]nfO{ d'vaf6 s]xL klg
vFg glbg]
 8fS6/n] geg];Dd afGtf u/fpg gvf]Hg]
 sfutL kfgLsf] ;xfotfn] ljifnfO{
neutralisation ug{ gvf]Hg]
 ;Lw} s'g} klg Antidote k|of]u gug]{
First Aid Training

Fainting
 a]xf]; ePdf (Fainting)
• la/fdLnfO{ pQfgf] ;'tfpg] / v'§f z/L/sf] ;tx eGbf dfly
/fVg] .

• sk8f v's'nf] kfg]{ .

• la/fdL j/Lk/L le8 gug]{ .

• la/fdLsf Zjf; k|Zjf; tyf gf8Lsf] ult x]g]{ .

• t'?Gt c:ktfn Nofpg] .

 s] gug]{ (Don'ts)
!= la/fdLnfO{ s]xL gv'jfpg] .

@= la/fdLnfO{ emfk8 xfg]/ of xNnfP/

hjh{:tL xf];df Nofpg] k|of; gug]{ .
DROWNING
FIRST AID

 पीन्नडतलाई छीटो भन्दा छीटो पानी िाट

न्ननकाल्ने

 पीन्नडतलाई घोप्टो पारे र राख्न्िे

 िान्नहरी िस्तुहरु मुख, कान र घा“न्नटमा भए

न्ननकाल्ने
 न्निरामीलाई न्यानो राख्न्िे

 यिी आव:os परे s[lqd श्वासप्रश्वास न्निने

 पू णारुपले न्ननको नभए अस्पताल पुयाा उने