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0gaqmwdkufyGJwGif *smrefwyfrawmfrS General Johannes Blaskowikz
ESifh ydkvefwyfrawmfrS General Walerian Czuma \
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ppf[k ac:qdEk ikd yf gonf/

4/ rnfoaYkd omtaMumif;rsm;aMumifjh zpfap ppfyrJG sm;onf jzpfcNhJ y;D ? jzpfq?J aemifvnf;jzpfMutH;k rnf
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k yfvyS gonf/

5/ 1914 ckEpS f yxrurÇmBu;D Ny;D oGm;aomtcg wpfurÇmvH;k u Nird ;f csr;f a&;&Ny[

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8/ 1939 ckEpS w
f iG f *smrPDonf taMumif;jycsut f rsK;d rsK;d jyí wdu
k cf ukd &f ef tcGi&hf mS &mrS pufwifbm
v(1)&ufaeYwiG f pwifwu kd cf u
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k efbufr0S ifí wdu k cf u
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cJh\/ ½k&Sm;uvnf; *smrefESifh pmcsKyfcsKyfqdkxm;rIudk &r,f&Smí ppftwGif; 0ifa&mufvm\/ þodkY
tm;jzifh 'kw,d urÇmppfBu;D onf pwifjzpfay:vmcJah wmhonf/

&nf&, G cf suf
9/ 0gaqmwdkufyGJwGif uGyfuJcJhMuaom *smrefwyfrawmfrS General Johannes BlaskowikzESifh
ydkvefwyfrawmfrS General Walerian CzumawdkY\ ppfenf;AsL[m usifhoHk;rI? uRrf;usifvdrfrmpGmjzifh
uGyuf BJ u;D Muyfrt
I ay: avhvmoH;k oyfí oifcef;pm&,lEikd af p&ef/

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pD;yGm;a&;vkyif ef;taejzifh v,f,mjzpfNy;D t"duxGuu f ek rf sm;rSm *sK?H tmvl;? oMum;rkev
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13/ *smrPD[al om rnfonhEf ikd if w H pfct k jzpfxuf yx0Dowfrw S cf suw

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18/ ydv k efEikd if \

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19/ ydkvefEdkifiHwGif &xm;vrf;t&Snf(24962)uDvdkrDwm? um;vrf;t&Snf(386364)uDvdkrDwm?

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22/ yxrurÇmppftwGi;f ü ydv k efEikd if \

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k efEikd if H vGwv
f yfa&;udk Edik if tH rsm;u todtrSwjf yKcMhJ uonf/ 1945 ckEpS af &mufro S m ydv
k efEikd if o H nf
vGwv f yfaomEdik if w H pfEikd if t
H jzpf urÇmt h nf/1
h v,fwiG f aygufzmG ;vmcJo

yxrurÇmppfNy;D umv *smrPDEikd if EH iS yhf v

kd efEikd if t
H ajctae
23/ *smrPDEikd if o H nf t"dujyóerSm ydv k efEikd if yH ifjzpfonf/ 1920 jynhEf pS Ef iS hf 1921 ckEpS rf sm;wGif
ydv
k efEiS *hf smrPDwt
Ykd Mum; taMumif;udprö sm;onf ta&;Bu;D tajctaeodYk a&muf&v S mcJyh gonf/ 1923
ckESpfwGif *smrPDrS [ufqDESifh ½k&Sm;rS vufqD'ufwdkYonf wdusaomtpDtpOfrsm; a&;qGJcJhMuonf/
xdktpDtpOfrsm;t& qdkifav;&Sm;txufydkif;udk ydkvefwdkY ½kwfw&uf wdkufcdkufvmygu ½k&Sm;wdkYu
tultnDay;rnfjzpfonf/ ½k&Sm;ESifh*smrefwdkY wdkufcdkufrIudk umuG,f7eftwGuf ydkvefESifh½lareD;,m;
wdoYk nf 1926 ckEpS w f iG f ppfa&;tultnDay;a&;pmcsKyu f ckd MhJ uonf/2
f kd csKyq

24/ ydkveftm; *smrefwdkY ESpfNcdKufp&m tjcm;taMumif;rSm yxrurÇmppftNyD; Amqdkif;pmcsKyft&

cGJa0ay;cJh&onf *smrefe,frsm;tm; [pfwvmtmPmr&rD *smreftpdk;&tqufquf jyefay;&ef
ydv
k eftpd;k &xH tBurd Bf urd af wmif;qdck o
hJ nf/

25/ ydkvefonf qdkAD,uf½k&Sm;ESifh *smrPD\Mum;wGif &dSaecJh&m qdkAD,uf\Mum;wGif &dSaecJh&m

qdAk ,
D uf\&efukd pd;k &draf om*smrefwu Ykd ydv
k eftpd;k &ESiyhf #dyu©jzpf&efrvdv
k m;bJ&aSd eaomaMumifjh zpfonf/
tu,fí ydv k eftpd;k &ESit hf jiif;yGm;vmygu þonfukd qdAk , D ufu tcGiahf umif;,lum *smrPDEikd if u H kd
tEÅ&m,fjyKvmEdik o f nf[k *smrPDu wGuq f xm;onf/ xdrk Qru tu,fí qdAk , D ufEiS hf ppfjzpf&onhf
wdkifatmif ydkvefudk csOf;uyfodrf;oGif;xm;Edkifygu ydkvefonf *smrPDtwGuf tumtuG,f'dkif;BuD;
jzpfvrd rhf nf[k *smrefwu Ykd ,lqonf/3

26/ y&d,m,f<u,f0aom [pfwvmu tu,fí rk;d rNyKd NyKd cahJ omfqo kd uJo
h Ykd ydv
k efEiS hf rdrw
d Ykd y#dyu©
jzpfymG ;vmygu odrYk [kwf wpfaeYaeYwiG f ydv k efu rdrt
d m; tmcHvmygu qdAk , D uf½&k mS ;ESihf rdrw d *Ykd smrPD
ESpEf ikd if H r[mrdwpf mcsKyf csKyu
f m ydv
k eftm; ESpb
f ufny§ í
f Ncrd ;f ajcmuftMuyfuikd Ef ikd &f eftxdyif Bu&H , G f
xm;onf/4
1/ jrefrmhpG,fpHkusrf;twGJ(6)? pmrsufESm(386)
2/ avhusifha&;ñTefMum;a&;rSL;½Hk;\*smrefppfOD;pD;tzGJU(yxrwGJ)pmrsufESm-283
3/ vif;,kefarmifarmif\ [pfwvm? pmrsufESm-426
4/ vif;,kefarmifarmif\ [pfwvm? pmrsufESm-428

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27/ *smrPDonf ydkvefEdkifiHtay:wGif þodkYESpfbufvToabmxm;jzifh r[mrdwfpmcsKyf csKyfum

BuKd ;&Sn&f n S jf zifh vSexf m;cJNh y;D aemuf 1938 ckEpS u
f ek cf geD;wGif yxrqH;k tBurd rf pS í ]pdr}f ac:cJo
h nf/ 1938
ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mv(24)&ufaeYwiG f &pfuifxa&mhonf ydv k efot
H rwfBu;D *sK;d ZufvyfpuD;ESiahf wGUqHík
tjcm;udpöwpfckudk aqG;aEG;&if;rS awmif;qdkcsufESpf&yfudk wifjyvmcJhonf/ 4if;wdkYrSm 'gef;ZpfNrdKUudk
*smrefwv Ykd ufoYkd ay;tyfomG ;&efEiS hf ydv k efjynfwiG ;f rS jzwfum *smrPDrS 'gef;ZpfNrKd UodYk rD;&xm;vrf;ESihf
armfawmfum;vrf; azmufvyk cf iG jhf yK&ef[al om tcsuEf pS cf suyf ifjzpfonf/

28/ wzef&pfbifxa&mhonf ydkvefEdkifiHjcm;a&;0efBuD; AdkvfrSL;BuD;bufcfudk bmvifodkY ac:,l

awGq Y u kH m txufygawmif;qdck suEf pS cf u k kd xyfraH wmif;qdck jhJ yefonf/ þwpfcsed w f iG rf l &pfbufxa&mhu
qdAk ,D uf½&k mS ;\tEÅ&m,fukd umuG,af omtm;jzifh ydv k efEiS *hf smrPDy;l wGí J uGejf rLepfqefu Y siaf &;pmcsKyf
wpfcu k kd csKyq f o
kd ifah Mumif;yg wifjytBuaH y;cJo h nf/ odaYk omf rdr\ d rsuaf phatmufwiG f MopBw;D ,m;ESihf
csuu f q kd vdAk m;uD;,m;Edik if w
H \Ykd uHMur®mudk rsu0f g;xifxifjrifawGUcJ&h aom ydv k eftpd;k &onf wpfzufu
uGejf rLepftEÅ&m,fjyum tjcm;wpfzufu rdryd v kd efEikd if tH m; tydik pf ;D vdak om [pfwvm\tBuu H kd &dyrf Nd y;D
jzpfaeojzifh *smrefw\ Ydk awmif;qdck suuf kd vufrcHbJ ypfy,fcsco hJ nf/

29/ þtawmtwGi;f [pfwvmonf ydv k eftpd;k &udk rnforkd QrwkejYf yefbJ tcsed af umif;udak pmif&h if;
tjcm;vufvSrf;rSD&me,fajrwpfckudk odrf;ydkufvdkufonf/ xdke,fajrrSm ta&SUydkif; y&yf&Sm;jynf\
ajrmufbuftpGet f zsm; vpfoal &;eD;,m;Edik if \ H ydik ef uftwGi;f rS rif;rJvef ,fajruav;yifjzpfonf/
xdkrif;rJvfe,fajrrSmvnf; yxrurÇmppfBuD;tNyD; Amqdkif;pmcsKyft& *smreftifyg,mtwGif;rS
vpfoal &;eD;,m;jynfoYkd cGaJ 0ay;cJ&h aome,fajryifjzpfonf/ *smrefEikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D &pfbifxa&mhonf
csuu f pkd vdAk m;uD;,m;Edik if t
H m; odr;f ydu
k Nf y;D &uftenf;i,ftwGi;f rSmyif þrif;rJvef ,fajrtm; *smrPDoYkd
jyefay;&ef &mZoHay;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/

30/ þtajctaerSmyif *smrPDonf ydv k efukd wdu

k cf ukd &f ef qH;k jzwfvu kd o
f nf/ þqH;k jzwfcsut f &
rwfv(21)&ufaeYwiG f &pfbifxa&mhonf ydv k efot H rwf vpfypf uDukd ac:,lawGUqHu k m ,cifawmif;qdk
csuEf pS &f yfukd xyfrw
H ifjycJo h nf/ xdaYk emuf &pfbifxa&mh\ tBuaH y;wdu k w
f eG ;f csutf & vpfypf uDonf
ydv
k efEikd if ?H 0gaqmNrKd UodYk jyefum ydv
k eftpd;k &ESihf þudpu ö kd aqG;aEG;cJo h nf/5

31/ bmvifwiG f *smrefEikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D ESihf ydv k efotH rwfwYkd tcsi;f jzpfymG ;aepOf 0gaqmNrKd UwGiv
f nf;
ydv
k efEikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D ESihf *smrefot
H rwfwrYkd mS tcstD cs pum;rsm;aeMuonf/

5/ vif;,kefarmifarmif\[pfwvm? pmrsufESm - 432

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32/ ydv k eftm; *smrPDwt Ykd aejzifh odr;f ydu

k &f ef tcsed af v;vrQ ,lcjhJ cif;rSm taMumif;ESp&f yf&o Sd nf/
yxrtaMumif;rSm [pfwvm\tvdq k E´t& ydv k efukd ppfruftiftm;jzifh 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k jf cif;udk
aemufq;kH rvTrJ a&SmifomrS jyKvyk v f o
kd nho f abm&do S nf/ 'kw, d tcsurf mS ydv k efukd ppfruftiftm;jzifh
wdu
k cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ydu
k &f ef vdt
k yfvmygu ydv k efukd taMumif;jyKí qdAk , D uf½&k mS ;ESihf ppfjzpf&onftxd jyóem
Bu;D us,rf nfuv kd nf;wpfzufu pd;k &dro f nf/ þodjYk zifh 'kw, d urÇmppfBu;D qDoYkd a&mufreS ;f rod csO;f eif;
0ifa&mufcNhJ yjD zpfacsawmhonf/

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tcef; (2)
'kwd,urÇmppfrwdkifrD *smrPDEdkifiH\tajctae

yxrurÇmppfEiS *hf smrPDEikd if H

33/ yxrurÇmppfpwifjzpfyGm;&onhftaMumif;&if;cHrIrSm MopBwD;,m;EdkifiHonf yifv,ful;
oabFmqdyw f pfc&k &d&S eftwGuf ta&SUbufukd e,fcsUJ odr;f ydu k v f ckd o
hJ nf/ xdu k pd w ö iG f qmAD;,m;Edik if o H nf
taESmift h ,Sujf zpfaecJah omaMumifh wdu k cf u
kd &f ef taMumif;&SmaecJo h nf/ 1914 ckEpS ?f ZGev f (28)&ufaeY
wGif MopBw;D ,m;Edik if \ H tdraf &SUpHrif;om; zg'DeefEiS Mhf uif,mawmfwYkd abmfpeD;,m;Edik if ?H qmvma&AHk
NrKd Uawmfü vkyBf uo H wfjzwfc&H rItm; taMumif;&Smí MopBw;D ,m;Edik if o H nf qm;AD;,m;Edik if t H m; ppfaMujim
wdu k cf u
kd cf o
hJ nf/ þodjYk zifh ½k&mS ;Edik if o H nf qm;AD;,m;Edik if t H m; uln&D efvnf;aumif;? jyifopfEikd if o H nf
½k&mS ;Edik if tH m; uln&D efvnf;aumif; aqmif&u G Mf u&mrS MopBw;D ,m;Edik if t H wGuf tEÅ&m,fjzpfvmaom
aMumifh *smrPDEikd if o H nfvnf; ½k&mS ;ESijhf yifopfwt Ykd m; 1914 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv f (1)&ufaeYEiS (hf 3)&ufaeY
rsm;wGif ppfaMujimcJo h nf/ þodjYk zifh yxrurÇmppf pwifjzpfymG ;cJo h nf/ yxrurÇmppfBu;D onfvnf;
1918 ckEpS t f wGi;f rSmyif Ny;D qH;k oGm;cJo h nf/ xdaYk emuf ppf½;IH aom*smrPD OD;aqmifonhf Edik if rH sm;onf
ppfEdkifaom t*Fvdyf? tar&duef? jyifopf? ½k&Sm; ponhf r[mrdwfEdkifiHrsm;\ vufckwftwGif;odkY
a&mufcJhMuNyD; rvIyfEdkifatmif csKyfudkifjcif; cHcJh&avonf/ yxrurÇmppftwGif; vlwpfoef;cGJcefY
usq;kH ½Hrk u 1814 ckEpS w f iG w
f pfBurd ?f 1815 ckEpS w f iG w f pfBurd ?f 1870 ckEpS w f pfBurd ?f 1914 ckEpS w f pfBurd ?f
1870 ckEpS w f pfBurd ?f 1914 ckEpS w f pfBurd ?f 1918 ckEpS w f pfBurd ?f pkpak ygif;(5)Burd w f ikd f jyifopfjynfonf
*smrPD\ wdu k cf u kd jf cif;udk cHc&hJ onf/ xdaYk Mumifh jyifopfEikd if o H nf ppf½;IH *smrPDEikd if t H m; tNiKd ;taw;
Bu;D pGmjzifh csKyu f ikd &f ef jyif;xefpmG BuKd ;pm;cJoh nf/ jyifopfEikd if \ H e,ferd w d u
f kd *sKd i;f jrpftwdik ;f owfrw S &f efukd
vnf;aumif;? *smrPDEdkifiHudk vufeufudkifaqmifcGifhrjyK&efESifh *smrPDEdkifiH\ ppfzGJUpnf;rIudk NzdKcGJ
uefo Y wf&efuv kd nf;aumif; awmif;qdak qmif&u G cf MhJ uonf/

34/ 1925 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&DvwGif *smreftpd;k &onf t*Fvef? jyifopf? tDwvD? *smrPD tp&daS om
*sKd i;f jrpfa'oudk pdw0f ifpm;aomEdik if rH sm;u pmcsKy0f ifEikd if rH sm;tcsi;f csi;f rwdu k cf u
kd &f aom *wdjyKpmcsKyu f kd
csKyq f vkd akd Mumif; taMumif;Mum;cJo h nf/ od&Yk mwGif xdu k ohJ Ykd pmcsKyf csKyq
f Ekd ikd &f efrmS *smrPDEikd if t
H aejzifh
Edik if aH ygif;csKytf oif;Bu;D 0ifEikd rf o
S m pmcsKyf csKyq
f Ekd ikd rf nfjzpfayonf/

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35/ odjYk zpfí NAw d ed Ef iS hf jyifopfwrYkd S toif;Bu;D od0Yk if&ef wdu k wf eG ;f csut f & 1925 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mv
(4)&ufaeYwiG f vdwk mEdu k eG zf &ifw h iG f jyifopf? NAw d ed ?f *smrPD? b,fv*f s, D efEiS thf w
D vDEikd if w H Ykd wufa&muf
Muonf/ xdu k eG zf &ifrh S atmufygtcsurf sm; oabmwlaqmif&u G cf MhJ uonf-
(u) wufa&mufaomEdik if (H 5)Edik if t H csi;f csi;f y#dnmOfpmcsKyrf sm; csKyq f jkd cif;/
( c) *smrPDESifhjyifopf? *smrPDESifhb,fvf*sD,ef? *smrPDESifh ydkvef? *smrPDESifhcsufudkpvdk
Aufu;D ,m;Edik if rH sm;tcsi;f csi;f jzefajza&;pmcsKyrf sm; csKyq f jkd cif;/
( *) jyifopfEiS yhf v kd ef? jyifopfEiS chf suuf pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;wdYk y#dnmOfpmcsKyrf sm; csKyq f ckd MhJ uonf/

36/ vdu k mEdu k eG zf &ifrh S csKyq f ckd ahJ ompmcsKyt f & Oa&mywdu k t f aemufyikd ;f Edik if rH sm;\ Nird ;f csr;f a&;udk
pdwcf sEikd Nf y[D k ,HMk unfcMhJ uonf/ [pfwvm tmPm&vmaomtcg *smrPDjynfopf xlaxmifa&;ESihf
vufeufuikd x f al xmifa&;wdt Yk m; tm;oGecf eG pf u kd af qmif&uG v f mcJo h nf/ yxrurÇmppfBu;D Ny;D onfah emuf
topfzUJG pnf;aom *smrefwyfrawmf\ppfO;D pD;csKyjf zpfol Adv k cf sKyBf u;D AGew
f vdpv f ufxufu enf;rsK;d pHjk zifh
jyKpkysKd;axmifxm;&dScJhí tajrmufwyf? a&wyf? avwyfwdkY tygt0if tajctjrpf&dSaecJhaom *smref
wyfrawmfonf t[kefjrefpGm wdk;wufvmcJhonf/ xdkYtjyif *smrPDEdkifiHonf ppfavsmfaMu;aiG
oef;aygif;(1000)ay;avsmcf &hJ aomfvnf; tusK;d tjrwf&vdpk w d jf zifh t*Fvyd Ef iS t
hf ar&duefwrYkd S acs;iSm;cJh
&ojzifh aygifoef;aygif;(1500)&&dScJhygonf/ þodkY&&dScJhaom acs;aiGrsm;onf *smrPD\ppftiftm;
xlaxmifa&;twGuf rsm;pGmtaxmuftuljyKcJhonf/ 1932-ckESpf vufeufavQmhaygha&;uGefz&ifhodkY
wufa&mufcahJ om *smrefu, dk pf m;vS,o f nf *smrPDjynf vufeufjyefvnfwyfqif&eftwGuf ,cif
csKyq
f x kd m;aompmcsKyrf sm;udk y,fzsuaf y;&ef awmif;qdck o hJ nf/ þwGif r[mrdwEf ikd if rH sm;onf *smrPD
jynf ppftiftm;rBuD;xGm;vmap&efESifh *smrPDjynf vHkNcHKa&;twGuf tiftm;nDrQpdwfcsap&ef
rufa':e,fvyk if ef;pOfjzifh Edik if t H m;vH;k vufeufavsmah ygha&;udk urf;vSr;f aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf/ xdt k cg
[pfwvmonf *smrPDtpd;k &tzGUJ tm; vufeufavsmah ygha&;uGezf &ifrh v S nf;aumif;? Edik if aH ygif;csKyf
toif;Bu;D rSvnf;aumif; csucf si;f Ekwx f uG &f ef trdeaYf y;cJah wmhonf/

37/ [pfwvma&;om;cJah om rde;f wifpmtkyf yxrpmrsuEf mS wGif ]]*smref? MopBw;D ,m;onf trd*smrPD
wdkif;jynfodkY jyefvnfa&muf&dSvmawmhrnf}}}[k a&;om;cJah omaMumifh *smrPDEikd if o H nf MopBw;D ,m;|ESihf
Oa&myta&SUawmifyikd ;f odYk a&mufatmifw;kd csUJ Ny;D r[m*smrPDjynfBu;D wnfaxmifvpkd w d q f E´&aSd Mumif;
odomxif&mS ;vSayonf/ 1919-23 ckEpS rf sm;wGif ppfavsmaf Mu;rsm; ay;&ojzifh *smrPDrwfaiGwefb;kd
edru
hf sí aiGwefb;kd azmif;yGrI vsijf refpmG wd;k jri§ v
hf maomaMumifh *smrPDEikd if w H iG f pD;yGm;a&;uyfqu kd f
vmcJo h nf/ xdt Yk jyif 1921 ckEpS w
f iG f &me,fukd jyifopf0ifa&mufwu kd cf u
kd o
f rd ;f ydu
k cf o
hJ jzifvh nf; *smref

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wdo Yk nf rsm;pGmrausreyfjzpfí cHjyif;aecJMh uonf/ þtaMumif;tjcif;t&mrsm;onf aemifwiG f emZDygwD

jzpfvmrnhf ae&Sief ,fq&kd ,S v
f pfygwDtm; ydrk tkd iftm;awmifw h if;apcJNh y;D Edik if EH iS t
hf 0Sr;f vltm;vH;k onf
emZDygwDacgif;aqmifBu;D [pfwvm\ apvd&k map vdu k ef maqmif&u G af wmhrnftajctaeodYk a&muf&Sd
cJhayonf/ þtaMumif;tcsuftm;vHk;udk pkpnf;NyD; 'kwd,urÇmppfjzpfa&;twGuf OD;wnfvsuf&dSae
awmhonf/

yxrurÇmppfNy;D qH;k Ny;D aemufyikd ;f Oa&mywdu k t

f ajctae
38/ yxrurÇmppfonf 1918 ckEpS ?f Ed0k ifbmv(11)&ufaeYwiG f typftcwf&yfpcJ jhJ cif;jzifh Ny;D qH;k oGm;
cJyh gonf/ *smrPD ppf½;IH cJNh y;D 4if;\tifyg,m NyKd ujJG cif;? 4if;\NrKd Ursm; qlyx l <ujcif;ESihf 4if;\wyfrawmf
qkwcf mG &jcif;jzpfco hJ nf/ 1919 ckEpS w f iG f yJ&pfü qH;k jzwfco hJ nhf Nird ;f csr;f a&;oabmwlncD surf sm;onf
*smrPDEikd if t H m; aemufwpfBurd f ppfyrJG qifEaJT p&ef &nf&, G cf suf csrw S cf ohJ nf/ ,if;\yifv,f&yfjcm;&dS
tifyg,mtm; odrf;ydkufcHcJh&onf/ 4if;\a&wyfonf xdef;csKyfcH&NyD; ppfoabFmrsm;udkvnf; *smref
a&wyfom;rsm;ud, k w f ikd f epfjrKycf &hJ onf/ r[mrdww f yfrsm;u *smreftaemufbufe,fpyf&Sd r[mAsL[mt&
ta&;Bu;D ae&mrsm;udk odr;f ydu k cf o hJ nf/ *smrPDEikd if w H iG ;f odYk pm;ukew f ifoiG ;f rIrsm; wif;usypf mG xde;f csKyf
cH&Ny;D NrKd Ursm;wGif tpmiwfrrI sm;jzpfymG ;í Oa&mytv,fyikd ;f wGif ul;pufa&m*gjzpfymG ;cJo h jzifh (10)oef;cefY
aoqH;k cJo h nf/ ½k&mS ;jynfwiG f ppfonfaumf&ADS pfqefu Y siaf &;wyfzUJG rsm;u ½dik ;f rD,m;rS qkwcf mG oGm;onhf
1921 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&DvwGif Ny;D qH;k cJo h nf/ Oa&mytv,fyikd ;f &dS [m;bwfb&k ifpepfonf 1918 ckEpS ?f
atmufwdkbmvwGif NydKuGJysufpD;cJhNyD; 4if;tm; vufcHonhf EdkifiHi,frsm;tMum; ppfruf qufvuf
jzpfymG ;cJo h nf/ t"duvTr;f rd;k cJo h nhv f rl sK;d rsm;rSm taemufjcrf;wGif *smrefvrl sK;d rsm;jzpfNy;D ta&SUjcrf;wGif
[efa*&Dvrl sK;d rsm;jzpfonf/ xdv k rl sK;d rsm;\tkypf ;kd rIonf ,cktcg NyKd uscNhJ yjD zpfonf/1

39/ csuEf iS phf vdAk ufvrl sK;d rsm; vGwv f yfa&;&&dcS NhJ y;D *smrefo;kH oef;cefaY exdik cf o hJ nhf ql'wD ef[al om
jynfe,fopfwpfct k m; tkypf ;kd cGi&hf &dcS o
hJ nf/ ydv
k efEikd if [ H í
l Edik if w
H pfEikd if H jyefvnfjzpfxeG ;f ay:aygufcNhJ y;D
4if;\e,fpyfa'orsm;wGif *smrefvrl sK;d trsm;tjym;aexdik v f su&f oSd nf/ ,l*q kd vm;AD;,m;Edik if o H nf
qmAf? c½dt k uf? pvdrk if;ESihf tjcm;vlrsK;d rsm;udk pkaygif;í wnfaxmifco hJ nf/ ½lar;eD;,m;onf [efa*&D
ta&SUydik ;f &dS x&efqm;ay;&D;,m;? qDb&muD;,m;ESihf 'db k *l*smawmifyikd ;f a'orsm;tm; &,lyikd q f ikd cf o
hJ nf/
[efa*&Donf ordkif;aMumif;t& ydkifqdkifcJhonhf e,fajr\oHk;yHkESpfyHkudkom jyefvnf&&dSNyD; uGefjrLepf
tkypf ;kd rIatmufwiG f acwåa&muf&cSd &hJ mrS 1919-ckEpS w f iG f wefjyefawmfveS af &;wyfzUJG rsm;rS uGejf rLepf

1/ 'kwd,urÇmppfwdkufyGJpOfrsm; uuusifh\avhusifha&;pmapmiftwGJ(85) pmapmif(10) pmrsufESm-5

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tkypf ;kd rItm; z,f&mS ;cJo h nf/ ppfEikd of nhw f ikd ;f jynfrsm;onf 1919 ckEpS w f iG f Nird ;f csr;f a&;nDvmcHtm;
yJ&pfü jyKvyk cf NhJ y;D ppfyaJG emufyikd ;f urÇmyh pkH oH pftm; pwifyakH zmfco hJ nf/ 1919 ckEpS ?f ZGev f (28)&ufaeYwiG f
vufrSwfa&;xdk;cJhonhf Amqdkif;pmcsKyft& *smrefwdkYonf tJvHqufxdk&def;a'otm; jyifopfodkYvnf;
aumif;? ta&SUbufe,fajrrsm;udk topfxal xmifonhf ydv k efor®wEdik if o H vYkd nf;aumif; ay;cJ&h onhf
tjyif e,fajrtcsKUd udv k nf; 'de;f rwf? vpfoal &;eD;,m;ESib hf ,fv*f s,D EH ikd if rH sm;odYk ay;cJ&h onf/ *smrPDonf
vufeufuikd t f iftm;(100000)xm;&d&S ef uefo Y wfjcif;udv k nf;aumif;? *dik ;f jrpf\ta&SUbuf&Sd r[m
AsL[m ta&;Bu;D ae&mrsm;tm; r[mrdww f yfzUJG 0ifrsm;u 15-ESpMf um 0ifa&mufwyfpjJG cif;udv k nf;aumif;
vufccH &hJ onf/ tzd;k wefo,HZmwrsm; xGu&f o Sd nhf qm;&fa'otm; jyifopfoYkd 15-ESpMf um ay;tyfchJ
&onf/2 *smrPDonf ppfavsmfaMu;ay;&ef oabmwlcJh&NyD; 4if;ppfavsmfaMu;onf *smref
usL;ausmrf aI Mumifh jzpfay:cJo h nf/

40/ tar&duefonf 1917 ckESpfwGif ppftwGif;0ifa&mufí *smrPDESifhwdkufcdkufcJhNyD;aemuf ppfyGJ

NyD;onfESifh wpfEdkifiHwnf;aexdkifcJhum Oa&mywdkufEdkifiHrsm;rS ,if;\acs;aiGrsm; jyefvnf&&dSa&;om
pdwt f m;xufoefco hJ nf/ jyifopfEikd if o H nf *smrPDEikd if \ H ppfavsmaf Mu;rsm; tjynht f 0awmif;cHjcif;ESihf
tjcm;xlaxmifpEdik if o H pfrsm;ESihf r[mrdwjf yKjcif;tm;jzifh *smrPDtm; tpOferd u hf sap&ef vkyaf qmifco hJ nf/
NAw
d ed Ef ikd if o
H nf Oa&mytzGUJ 0ifEikd if rH sm;ESihf jyefvnf0ifqef&Y ef wjznf;jznf;csi;f aqmif&u G cf o
hJ nf/ *smref
ppfavsmaf Mu;rsm;tm; xkwu f ek jf zifo
h may;qyfEikd rf nfjzpf&m þodt Yk m;jzifh NAwd od Qw\ Ykd jynfyxkwu f ek f
vkyif ef;rsm;udv k nf; xdcu kd af pojzifh NAw d ed Ef ikd if u
H jyifopf\ppfavsmaf Mu;awmif;cHrt I m; qefu Y sicf ohJ nhf
tjyif 1922-23 ckEpS w f iG f jyifopfu (Ruhr)a'oudk odr;f ydu k of nht f cg rausreyfjzpfco hJ nf/ yxr
urÇmppfNy;D aemuf *smrPDonf jynfwiG ;f rNird o f ufrrI sm; jzpfcohJ nf/ tifyg,mysuo f Ok ;f cJNh y;D udik Zf m
bk&ifonf a[mfvefoYkd ESix f wk jf cif; cHc&hJ onf/ xdt k ifyg,mtpm; a0rmor®wtpd;k &zGUJ pnf;Ny;D 1919-
ckESpf? azazmf0g&DvwGif tpGef;a&muf'Drdku&ufwpftajccHOya'wpfckudk a&;qGJcJh&m vuf0Jvuf,m
ygwDrsm;\ wdu k cf u
kd rf cI &H onht f jyif jynfwiG ;f &dyS gwDrsm;onfvnf; tpdwpf w d tf rTmrTmjzifh rnDrñGwf
jzpfvsuf&dSonf/ A[dktkyfcsKyfrIavsmhenf;jcif;jzifh *smrPD\ t"dupufrItcsuftcsmae&mrsm;tm;
r[mrdwfwdkY\odrf;ydkufcH&jcif;wdkYaMumifh *smrefwdkY\b@ma&;tajctaerSm tvGefyifqdk;0g;cJh&NyD;
aiGaMu;azmif;yGrjI zpfco hJ nf/3

2/ 'kwd,urÇmppfwdkufyGJpOfrsm;-uuusifh\avhusifha&;pmapmiftwGJ(85) pmapmif(10) pmrsufESm-6

3/ 'kwd,urÇmppfwdkufyGJpOfrsm;-uuusifh\avhusifha&;pmapmiftwGJ(85) pmapmif(10) pmrsufESm-8

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41/ 1924 ckESpfwGif *smrefrwfaiGrSm wnfNidrfcJhNyD; a0rmor®wEdkifiHonfvnf; tawmftwef

at;csrf;wnfNidrfcJhonf/ *smrPDonf EdkifiHaygif;csKyftoif;BuD;odkY 0ifa&mufcGifh&&dScJhNyD; avsmfaMu;
ay;acsa&;tpDtpOfrsm;tm; oabmwlcu hJ m urÇmt h a&;tcif;rsm;wGif yl;aygif;aqmif&u G v
f mcJo h nf/
pD;yGm;a&;rSmvnf; jyefvnfemvefxcl o hJ nf/ 1920 jynhEf pS rf sm;wGif qdAk , D ufjynfaxmifp\ k uGejf rLepf
tpd;k &ESihf taemufbufEikd if rH sm;tMum; us,jf yefaY ompD;yGm;a&; yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf I jzpfxeG ;f cJo
h nf/
1920 jynhEf pS rf sm;twGi;f pD;yGm;a&;zGUH NzKd ;wd;k wufraI Mumifh tqdyk gvlrsK;d a&;rke;f wD;rIukd twefi,f xde;f odr;f
Edik cf o
hJ nf/ 1930 jynfEpS rf sm;wGif Oa&myNyKd iq f ikd rf rI sm; aemufwpfBurd f ay:aygufvmrnfjzpfonf/

ta'gzf[pfwvm\oabmxm;
42/ tcsKyt f jcmtmPmydik t f zGUJ udk ppfjzpfvmaomtcgrS vlwpfpu
k pka0;wdik yf ifum Edik if aH wmf\
aoa&;&Siaf &;twGuf wdik yf ifq;kH jzwfaomtzGUJ [k rnforl qdk xifjrif,q l ayonf/ þodaYk omtzGUJ ü
ta&;ygt&ma&mufaom EdkifiHa&;acgif;aqmifrsm;ESifh ppfbufacgif;aqmifrsm;yg0ifí oabmxm;
uGJvGJcsuf? awG;awmcsufrsm;udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyfwifjyaqG;aEG;um tusKd;tjypfa0zefajymqdkNyD;
Edik if aH wmf\ta&;Bu;D udprö sm;udk qH;k jzwfMuygonf/ vef'efwiG v f nf;aumif;? 0g&Siw
f efwiG v f nf;aumif;?
jyifopfwGifvnf;aumif; xdkodkYjyKvkyfMuaomfvnf; *smrPDwGifum; xdkodkYr[kwfyg/ [pfwvm
wpfO;D wnf;uom Edik if aH wmf\toufaoG;aMumjzpfaom pD;yGm;a&;? Edik if aH &;? ppfa&;wdu Yk kd pk½;kH BuKd ;udik f
cJhonf/ ta&;BuD;aom r[mAsL[mudpö&yfrsm;udk pwifpdwful;jcif;? tBuHÓPfrsm;udk vufcHjcif;?
uefu Y uG jf cif;? qH;k jzwfjcif;rsm;udk [pfwvmwpfO;D wnf;omvQif tmPm&Siyf yD D jyKvyk af vonf/

43/ *smreftcsKyftjcmtmPmydkiftzGJUudk OD;pD;tkyfcsKyfolrSm uD;wJvfjzpfí vufaxmufrSm a*sm

jzpfygonf/ 4if;wdEYk pS af ,muftaejzifh ppfajrjyiftajctaet&yf&yfukd tcsed rf a&G;pHak phpmG od&ySd gonf/
odkYaomf acgif;aqmifrIESifhywfoufíum; wyfawmfpkwpfpk\ ppfOD;pD;csKyfavmufyif tmPm&dSrnf
r[kwfyg/ [pfwvmu olUtwGuf rnfolwpfOD;wpfa,mufu wm0ef,laqmif&Gufay;onfudkyif
cGirhf jyKcyhJ g/

44/ [pfwvmtaejzifh xdo k tYkd mPmcsKyu f ikd jf cif;rSm 1933 ckEpS rf S 1939 ckEpS t f wGi;f jynfwiG ;f jynfy
ta&;udprö sm;wGif atmifjrifr&I &dcS o hJ jzifh olUqH;k jzwfcsuu f o kd m ol,MkH unfcyhJ gonf/ ol\ppfO;D pD;tzGUJ
rsm;udk EGw
H iG ;f epfaeaom wkww f rH sm;[k ajymqdck \ hJ / txdu k t f avsmufvnf; rSeu f efygonf/ *sKd i;f e,f
ta&;? qla'wefta&;ESihf jyifopfwyfrawmf? ydv k efwyfrawmfupd rö sm;wGif [pfwvm\oH;k oyfcsurf sm;u
rSeu
f efí ppfO;D pD;tzGUJ \oH;k oyfcsurf sm;u rSm;cJyh gonf/ odaYk omfvnf; ppfb&k if? tmPm&Si[ f al om
wefc;kd tmPmrsm;rSm yxrurÇmppfBu;D ESit hf wl ukeq f ;kH cJNh yuD kd [pfwvm rodcahJ y/
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45/ pufrIynm\ tpGrf;tmedoifudk [pfwvm txifBuD;onf/ vlwdkY\Muifemoem;rIudkvnf;

ol rESpfoufyg/ &efoltwGuf &&dSaom omvGefonhftcGifhta&;rsm;udk [pfwvm rpOf;pm;yg/
csed cf sed qf q vkyw f wfjcif;uif;rJNh y;D acgif;rmpGm aqmif&u
G w
f wfonf/ odaYk omfvnf; [pfwvmonf
xl;qef;tHMh obG,af umif;avmufaom yg&rDx;l rsm;ESihf jynfph o kH jl zpfygonf/ ppfynmt&nftcsi;f vnf;
jynhpf o kH jl zpfygonf/1

46/ [pfwvmonf oG,0f u kd cf sO;f uyfrrI [mAsL[mudk vufcu H sio

hf ;kH \/ oG,0f u kd cf sO;f uyfrrI [m
AsL[monf &efol\aemufaMumodkY csOf;uyf0ifa&mufjcif;jzpf\/ [pfwvmonf ppfajrjyifwGif
vnf;aumif;? axmufyyhH aYkd qmifa&;ESiphf w d "f gwfa&;&mwdw
Yk iG v
f nf; toH;k csc\ hJ / pifppf &efou l kd avQmí
h
rwGu&f efvtkd yf\/ r[mrdww f t
Ykd aejzifh [pfwvm\ajcvSr;f udk BuKd wifwu G cf suEf ikd jf cif;r&dcS /hJ [pfwvm
taejzifhvnf; 4if;\&nf&G,fcsuf? &nfrSef;csufwdkYudk ]uREfkyf\BudK;yrf;rI}wGif a&;om;cJhaomfvnf;
r[mrdww f Ykd owdrrlcahJ y/

47/ [pfwvm\tjrifrmS ]]ppfacgif;aqmifwpfO;D \&nfreS ;f csurf mS &efow l yfawmfrsm;udk wdu k yf w JG iG f

rwduk &f bJ vufeufcsapa&;jzpfonf}}}qd\ k / 1933 ckEpS f *smrPDü tmPm&aomtcg rdrt d oH;k jyKcahJ om
enf;rsKd;pHkoG,f0dkufr[mAsL[mudk ydkrdkwdk;csJUtoHk;jyKcJh\/ rdrdta&SUbufawmifyHvHkNcHKap&ef aemifESpfü
ydv
k efEiS hf (10)ESpf Nird ;f csr;f a&;pmcsKyf csKyq
f Nkd y;D aemuf Amqdik ;f pmcsKyjf zifh *smrPDtm; vufeufcsKycf s,f
uefo Y wfcsurf sm;udk 1935 ckEpS w f iG f zsuq f ;D cJoh nf/

48/ 1936 ckEpS w f iG f ½dik ;f vif;udk *smrefppfwyfjzifh jyefvnford ;f ydu k cf ohJ nf/ xdEk pS xf rJ mS yif tDwvDEiS hf
twl y&d,m<u,f0pGm yHzk supf pfyw JG iG f yg0ifwu
kd cf u
kd cf o hJ nf/ Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D z&efuu kd pydeo
f r®wtpd;k &tm;
jzKwcf s&ef BuKd ;pm;&mü *smrPDEiS t hf wD vDu z&efut kd m; wdww f qdwu f n l cD MhJ uonf/ ,if;ajcvSr;f rSm
jyifopfESifhNAdwdoQwdkY\r[mAsL[maemufydkif;odkY oG,f0dkufcsOf;uyfjcif;yifjzpf\/ t*¾r[mAsL[mt&
vrf;vTaJ y;vdu k jf cif;vnf; jzpfonf/2

49/ þuJo h Ykd taemufbufwiG f NAw d o d Q? jyifopfwt Ykd m; tiftm;enf;aponht f jyif ½dik ;f vif;rSmyg
cHuwkwrf sm;? cHppfaMumif;rsm; wnfaqmufí *smrPDtm; vHNk cKH atmifjyKvyk Nf y;D aemuf [pfwvmonf
ta&SUbufoYkd tm½Hjk yKc\ hJ / ta&SUbufwiG f vkyaf qmifco hJ nfwrYkd mS vnf; taemufEikd if rH sm;\r[mAsL[m
tkwjf rpfrsm;udk wl;NzKd aom oG,0f ukd cf sO;f uyfx;kd ESucf surf sm;yifjzpfonf/

1/ *smrefwyfrawmf? vu& (axG) 0011? pmrsufESm-49

2/ 'krSL;BuD;aomif;xdkuf(tNidrf;pm;)jrefrmjyef? r[mAsL[m pmrsufESm-212

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*smrefwdkY\ppfjyifqifrI
50/ 1934 ckEpS rf pS í Munf;wyfrawmfvufeufwyfqifa&;rStpjyKum avwyfuv kd nf; wnfaxmif
vduk o
f nf/ 1935 ckEpS w f iG f wyfrawmfwiG ;f odYk r0ifrae&Oya'xkwjf yefNy;D *smrefwyfrawmf\tiftm;rSm
wyfr(36)ck jzpfvmcJhonf/ 1937 ckESpf aqmif;OD;wGif *smrefwyfrawmfrSm wyfr(42)ck &dSvmonf/
MopBw;D ,m;ESiq hf al 'wefe,frsm;udk yl;aygif;Ny;D wyfr(49)ck &dv
S monf/ 1939 ckEpS w f iG f wyfr(52)ck
&Sv
d monf/ xdt k xJwiG f ajcvsiw f yfr(35)ck? awmifay:wyfr(3)ck? armfawmf,mOfwyfr(4)ck? yifZmwyfr
(5)ck? ajcjrefwyfr(4)ck? jrif;wyfr[m(1)ckwYkd yg0ifonf/

51/ txl;tHMh obG,af umif;onfrmS rsm;jym;vSaom ,EÅ&m;wyfrawmf? armfawmf,mOfp;D wyfrsm;udk

tcsdeftenf;i,ftwGif; zGJUpnf;vdkufjcif;yifjzpfonf/ rem;rae BudK;pm;tm;xkwfaqmif&Gufolum;
wyfrawmf\o,f,yl aYkd qmifa&;XmeBu;D rSL; *l'g;&D;,ef;(GUDERIAN)jzpf\/ yifZmwyfrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;
&mwGif ppfpmayrsm;udk a&;om;ol NAw
d o
d Qvrl sK;d *sief &,fy;l vm;ESihf vpf',f[wH(LID-DLE HART)wd\
Yk
tBuHÓPfrsm;udk vdkufemcJh\/

52/ *smrefwyfrawmfonf ppfBu;D pwifcsed w f iG f wyfr(98)ckEiS hf ppftwGi;f 0ifa&muf&ef jyifqifco hJ nf/

wyfr(98)ckwiG f yxrwef;wyfr(52)ck? t&efwyfr(15)ck? wwd,wef;taysmw f ef;wyfr(21)ck? pwkww å ef;
aemufyikd ;f wyfr(10)ckjzpfonf/ yxrwef;wyfr(52)ckom ppftwGuf toifjh zpfNy;D usew f yfr(46)ckrmS
toifhrjzpfyg/ aemufydkif;wyfr(10)ckrSm ppfaq;csdefwGif Munf;wyfrawmf\ jznhfwnf;a&;wyf&if;?
tajrmufwyfcrJG sm;rS pkaqmif;zGUJ pnf;xm;ojzifh xdEk pS pf ufwifbmaemufyikd ;f wGif uefo
Y wftoH;k jyKEikd af om
tajctaewGif&dSí t&efwyfrESifhtaysmfwrf;wyfr(36)ckrSmum; vHk;0toHk;rjyKEdkifao;yg/ avwyf
tiftm;wGiv f nf; ppfonf(260000)? puGr'f *Geaf vwyfzUJG aygif;(21)zGUJ jzifh Bu;D rm;aomavwyftzGUJ Bu;D
tjzpf zGUJ pnf;Edik cf NhJ y;D jzpfygonf/

53/ þodkY *smrefwdkY\ ppfjyifqifrIaMumifh Oa&mywGif ppfBuD;jzpfvmawmhrnfrSm aeYvm;nvm;

tajctaejzifh xdwfvefYvsuf&dSMuay\/ emZDESifhzufqpf&efudk yl;aygif;umuG,f&ef qdkAD,ufwdkYu
t*Fvyd wf t
Ykd m; pum;urf;vSr;f vmcJ\ h / þurf;vSr;f csuu
f kd csmcsu
D vufcv
H akd omfvnf; 0efBu;D csKyf
bmvdeu f uGejf rLepfaMumufpwd jf zifh jiif;y,fco
hJ nf/

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54/ NAw d o d Qwu Ykd xdo

k wYkd eG q
Yf w
k af ecsed w
f iG f [pfwvmurl Edik if aH &;tcGiahf umif;udk trdt& qkyu f ikd f
cJ\
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d urÇmppfjzpfvq k q
J tJ cdu
k w
f iG f taumif
txnfazmfvmcJhonf/

55/ þodt Yk m;jzifh *smrPDonf qdAk ,D ufEiS hf 1939 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv f (20)&ufaeYwiG f pmcsKycf sKyq
f ukd m
taemufbufppfrsuEf mS wGif t*Fvyd ?f jyifopfwEYkd iS hf wdu
k cf ukd af epOf ta&SUbuf ppfrsuEf mS ü qdAk ,
D uf
½k&Sm;udk r[mrdwftjzpf vufcsif;csdwfxm;EdkifNyD; ydkvefudk odrf;ydkufrnhf ]]tjzLa&mifppfqifa&;}}
(OPERATION WHITE)onfvnf; [pfwvm\arQmfrSef;onfhtwdki; vGwfvyfpGmqifETJEdkifonhf
tajctaeodYk a&muf&v Sd mcJah wmhonf/

56/ wyfjzefcY sxm;rItaejzifh *smrPDonf ]atmfrmcsefa0bl*if}}}trnfjzifh trdex Yf w

k jf yefxm;onf/
rnfonhef ,fpyfu ydrk t kd a&;Bu;D onf? rnfonhEf ikd if u H &efojl zpfvrd rhf nf? &efo\ l tiftm;rSm pwdu k v f Qif
rnfrQ&rSd nf? wduk cf u
kd Nf y;D csed f rnfrQw;kd wufvmrnf? Edik if aH &;tajctaet& rnfonhEf ikd if t H m; wduk pf pf
qif&vdrrhf nf/ rnfonhEf ikd if t H m; cHppfqif&rnf ponfwu Ykd kd ppfO;D pD;tzGUJ u wGucf suí f wyfrsm;udk
ae&mcsxm;&\/ ywf0ef;usiftdrfeD;csif;EdkifiHrsm;udk &efol? rdwfaqG? Mum;aeonf cGJjcm;í pDrHcsuf
a&;qG&J onf/ 4if;pDrcH suu f kd ,cifuyifa&;qGNJ y;D jzpfaomfvnf; 1920 ckEpS t f xd tiftm;enf;yg;ojzifh
e,fpyfwdkif;udk umuG,fEdkifpGrf; r&dScJhay/ 1935 ckESpf aqmif;OD;wGif teDa&mifwyfjzefYa&;pDrHcsuf
(DEPLOYMENT RED)tm; a&;qGí J jyifopfukd &nfp;l í cHppftjzpf wnfaqmufco hJ nf/ ydv
k efEiS hf
csuuf q kd vdAk m;uD;,m;wdb Yk ufwiG rf l ppfjzpfvmvQif *smrPDtwGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufvmrnf[k wGucf suf
xm;\/ odkYaomfvnf; 4if;wdkYbufodkY e,fpyfapmifhwyfrsm;? ppf0efxrf;wyfrrsm;tm; wpfuDvdkrDwm
(12)a,mufEeI ;f csxm;&ef pDrx H monf/ *sKd i;f jrpf\ta&SUbufuu kd m; csxm;Edik jf cif;r&daS o;bJ *sKd i;f jrpf
wGio
f m &Jwyfr[m(3)ck csxm;cJo h nf/ 1938 ckEpS u f sryS if xdek ,fukd umuG,rf jI yKvyk Ef ikd cf o hJ nf/

57/ *smrefwdkYonf ESpfpOfESpfwdkif; ppfOD;pD;avhusifhcef;rsm;udkvnf; jyKvkyfcJhonf/ taemufbufrS

ydv
k efEiS chf suu
f q
kd vdAk m;uD;,m;wd\
Yk wdu
k cf u
kd rf u
I kd ckco
H nhf avhusichf ef;jzpf\/ xdak vhusichf ef;rsm;t&
vHNk cKH pmG umuG,Ef ikd af omtqift
h xd rjzpfao;onfukd odaom ppfO;D pD;t&m&drS sm;taejzifh pdwyf yl efrI
jzpfcMhJ u\/

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58/ a&wyftaejzifrh l wefcsed (f 313000)&daS om ppfoabFmBu;D (2)pif;? c½kZmwdu k o

f abFmBu;D (2)pif;?
zsuof abFm(17)pif;? a&ikwof abFm(47)pif; wnfaqmufNy;D jzpfaeNy;D wefcsed (f 41700)&dS ppfoabFmBu;D
(2)pif;? av,mOfwifoabFmBu;D wpfpif;? c½lZmwdu k o
f abFmBu;D (4)pif;? zsuo
f abFm(5)pif;? a&ikyo
f abFm
(7)pif;wdrYk mS vnf; wnfaqmufíNy;D pD;vkqq
J tJ ajctaewGif &daS eonf/3

r[mrdww f \ Ykd ppfjyifqifrI

59/ 1939 ckEpS ?f *smrefw\ Ykd ppfjyifqifrrI sm;? usL;ausmrf rI sm;udk Mum;od&aom r[mrdwEf ikd if w H o
Ykd nf
tpd;k &tzGUJ twGi;f tBuw d t f e,faqG;aEG;Ny;D ppfjyifqifjyifrjI yKvyk Mf u&\/ wpfO;D wnf;rS qH;k jzwfEikd rf I
r&daS om 'Dru kd a&pDEikd if rH sm;taejzifh ppfjyifqif&mwGif rsm;pGmtcuftcJjzpfc\ hJ / *smrefw\ Ykd ppfa&;
jyifqifru I kd axmuf½jI cif;jzifh ydv k efukd rwdu
k [f q k v
kd Qiaf wmif 'gef;Zpfta&;udk vufeufjzifh ajz&Si;f rnf[k
oHk;oyfcJhMu\/ *smrefwyfrawmfonf t&efwyfrsm;? tNrJwrf;wyfrsm;\ta&twGufomru
t&nftcsi;f t&vnf; rsm;pGmwd;k wufjynh0f vsu&f aSd vonf/ avhusiahf &;ESit hf &nftcsi;f wd;k wufa&;
onf vufeufypön;f rsm; wd;k wufvmonfEiS t hf rQ &ifabmifwef;í vdu k af eonf/ jyifopfwyfrawmfwiG f
þuJo h Ykd wd;k wufrrI sK;d r&daS y/ 1935 ckEpS w f iG f jyifopfwyfrawmf Bu;D Bu;D us,u f s,w f u
kd af ep&mrvdb k J
*smrPDukd 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k &f ef tiftm;&do S nf/ 1938 ckEpS w f iG f jyifopfu tiftm;omaeqJjzpfonf/
xdaYk Mumifh *smrefacgif;aqmifrsm;onf [pfwvm\ajcvSr;f rsm;udk wm;qD;cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ jrL;epfupd ö
tNyD;wGif *smrefwyfrawmfonf avhusifhcef;qif;NyD; vlta&twGuf jyifopfxufenf;aomfvnf;
jyifopfxuf ESpq f rQ ydrk rkd sm;jym;aomvlO;D a&ay:wGif tajcjyKxm;aom wyfrawmf jzpfojzifh vdt k yfvQif
t&efwyfrsm;udk pk½;kH vdu k jf cif;jzifh jyifopfwyfrawmfEiS t hf iftm;nDrQomG ;Edik yf gonf/ pdw"f mwfwiG rf l *smref
wyfrawmfrS omonf/4

60/ ydv k efukd wdu

k rf nhtf a&;jzpfojzifh NAw
d ed 0f efBu;D csKyf csed b
f mvdeo f nf ZGev f (18)&ufaeYwiG f NAwd o
d QrS
ydkvefbufu tumtuG,fay;rnfjzpfaMumif; aMujimavonf/ jyifopfEdkifiHonfvnf; *sdKif;jrpf
wpfavQmuf ppfjyifqifavawmhonf/ *sdKif;jrpfab;rS t&yfom;rsm;udk ajymif;a&TUxm;NyD;jzpfonf/
ydkvefonf ½k&Sm;udk &efola[mif;tjzpf oabmxm;aeonf/ jyifopfwGif wyfraygif;(110)&dSonf/
Mo*kwv f (23)&ufwiG f *smrPDEikd if jH cm;a&;0efBu;D &pfbifxa&mhonf pwmvifEiS ahf wGUqHak qG;aEG;Ny;D
xdnk wGiyf if *smrefqAkd ,
D uf rusL;ausmaf &;pmcsKyf csKyq f ckd o hJ nf/ xdpk mcsKyaf Mumifh NAw
d o
d Qtpd;k &onf

3/ vif;,kefarmifarmif\ [pfwvm pmrsufESm - 449

4/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;? pmrsufESm - 244

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BuKd wifjyifqifrI jyKvyk cf o

hJ nf/ urf;ajcapmifEh iS ahf v,mOfypftajrmufrsm;udk umuG,af &;twGuf toifh
jyifxm;&ef trdex Yf w
k v f u kd o
f nf/

61/ Mo*kwfv(23)&ufaeYwGif a&wyfonf ukefoabFm(25)pif;udk vufeufwyfqifaom c½lZm

oabFmrsm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? ydu k q
f oJG abFm(35)pif;udk tufpEf pS u f &d ,
d mwyfqif&efvnf;aumif;?
yifv,f&yfjcm;wyfpcef;rsm;wGif tapmifw h yfrsm;tjzpf toH;k jyK&efEiS hf a&wyfom;(6000)udk jyefac:&ef
vnf;aumif; uufbed uf\cGijhf yKcsuu f kd &&dcS o
hJ nf/

62/ av,mOfypftajrmufrsm;udk wyfjzefcY sxm;a&;ESiahf &'gpcef;rsm;wGif av,mOfypftajrmufrsm;

csxm;ay;a&; uufbed ufu oabmwl½rkH u avwyf\t&efwyfEiS ahf vaMumif;tydw k yfzUJG rS wyfom;
(24000)udv k nf; jyefac:vdu k Nf y;D vufeufuikd wf yfrsm;udk cGi&hf uf ydwv
f u
kd o
f nf/ a&wyfXmecsKyo f nf
ukeof abFmrsm;udk vSr;f Ny;D owday;tcsujf ycJo h nf/ tjcm;umuG,af &;vkyif ef;aygif;rsm;pGmudv k nf;
jyifqifvyk u
f ikd cf o
hJ nf/ NAw
d ed of nf jynfapmifw
h yfrawmftiftm;(210000)&daS tmif wd;k csUJ rnf[k xkwjf yef
cJo
h nf/ 1939 ckEpS ?f {Nyv D (7)&ufwiG f tDwvDwyfrsm;onf t,fvaf b;eD;,m;jynfukd 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k f
vdkufonf/

63/ {NyDv(2)&ufwGif NAdwdefonf ppfxJr0ifrae& trdefYxkwfjyefvdkufonf/ {NyDv(28)&ufwGif

*smrPDonf *smref? ydkvef rusL;ausmfa&;pmcsKyfudk ypfy,fvdkufonf/ taMumif;jycsufrSm ydkvef\
umuG,af &;udk NAw d ed u f tmrcHxm;ojzifh *smrPDonf NAw d ed v
f nf; yg0ifvmawmhrnfjzpfaomaMumifh
tjcm;Edik if w
H pfcck Ek iS hf ppfjzpfro
d nfEiS w
hf pfNyKd ief uf ydv
k efu *smrPDukd wdu k cf u kd v
f mEdik pf &m&daS omaMumifh
jzpfonf[k qdak vonf/ arv(12)&ufaeYwiG f *smrPD? tDwvD r[mrdwpf mcsKyf vufrw S af &;xd;k vdu
k f
avonf/ Mo*kwv f (25)&ufaeYwiG f NAw d ed ?f ydvk ef r[mrdwpf mcsKyf csKyqf o kd nf/

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tcef; (3)
*smrefwyfrawmfrSGeneral Johannes Blaskowikz ESifh
ydkvefwyfrawmfrS General Walerian Czuma wdkY\udk,fa&;&mZ0if

General Johannes Blaskowikz \udk,fa&;tw¬KyÜwådtusOf;

65/ Johannes Blaskowitz tm; 1883 ckESpf? Zlvdkifv(10)&ufaeYwGif Kreis Wehlau jynfe,f
(ta&SU Prussia)? Peter Swalde NrKd UwGif arG;zGm;cJNh y;D 4if;\zcifrmS Lutheran bke;f awmfBu;D wpfyg; jzpfonf/
1894 ckEpS w f iG f Von Blaskowitzonf Koszalin NrKd U&dS Adv k af vmif;oifwef;ausmif;odYk wufa&mufcNhJ y;D
onhaf emufwiG f bmvifNrKd U&dS Adv
k af vmif;oifwef;ausmif;udyk g qufvufwufa&mufcyhJ gonf/ 1899
ckEpS w
f iG f 4if;\ppfrx I rf;b0udk Osterode NrKd U&dS ta&SU Prussian wyf&if;wGif tvkyo f ifAvkd t
f jzpfjzifh
pwifcyhJ gonf/ yxrurÇmppftwGi;f ü 4if;onf ta&SUbufyikd ;f ESit hf aemufbufyikd ;f ppfe,f0rS ;f wGif
wm0efxrf;aqmifcyhJ gonf/ xdaYk emuf ppf½;kH wGif OD;pD;t&m&dt S jzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;jcif; cH&ygonf/

ydv
k efwu kd yf pJG OfwiG f (1939)yg0ifcyhJ kH
66/ 'kw, d urÇmppf\ ppfr;D tpjzpfaom ydv k efEikd if u
H kd usL;ausmw
f u
kd cf u
kd pf Ofu Blaskowitzonf
Bzurawdu k yf w JG iG f yg0ifwu kd cf u
kd cf o
hJ nhf trSw(f 8)*smrefMunf;wyfrawmfukd uGyu f cJ yhJ gonf/ wdu
k yf t
JG wGi;f
pGr;f aqmif&nf nHzh si;f rIt& 4if;onf ydv k efwukd yf pJG OftNy;D ppfaoemywdcsKyt f jzpf [pfwvm\ cs;D jri§ hf
ajr§mufpm;rI rcH&onhf wpfOD;wnf;aom *smrefMunf;wyft&m&dSBuD;wpfOD;jzpfonf/ 4if;onf ydkvef
wduk yf pJG Oftp atmufwb kd m(20)&ufaeYrpS wifí umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf jzpfcyhJ gonf/ Blaskowikzonf
ydkvefESifh*sL;vlrsKd;jynfolwdkYtm; ESdyfuGyfwdkufcdkufonhf SS tzGJUBuD;ESifh EinsatzgruppentzGJUBuD;wdkY\
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf Walthen Von BrauchitschxH ppf&mZ0wfrrI sm;ESiyhf wfoufí tao;pdwaf zmfjy
wdkif;wmrIudk cHcJh&ygonf/ [pfwvmonf Blaskowitz\ uav;qefaom oabmxm;tay:
tBuD;tus,fpdwfqdk;cJhNyD; 1940 ckESpf? arv(14)&ufaeYwGif 4if;tm; &mxl;rS z,f&Sm;vdkufygonf/
odaYk omfvnf; 4if;\ppfa&;t&nftaoG;rsm;rSm Burd zf efrsm;pGm toH;k usaecJyh gonf/

jyifopfjynfwu kd yf pJG Of(1940)wGif yg0ifcyhJ kH

67/ jyifopfwdkufyGJpOftwGif; Blaskowitzonf taemufzuf&dS trSwf(9)Munf;wyfrawmftm;
uGyuf &J ef ajymif;a&TUjcif;cH&ygonf/ 1940 ckEpS f tapmydik ;f wGif ajrmufyikd ;f jyifopfEikd if \
H bk&ifcjH zpfvmcJh
ygonf/ 1940 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mvtxd 4if;&mxl;tm; wm0ef,cl NhJ y;D trSw(f 1)Munf;wyfrawmftm;

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qufvufO;D pD;uGyu f cJ yhJ gonf/ Blaskowitzonf 4if;&mxl;wGif tkypf (k G)Munf;wyfrawmf\ umuG,af &;
OD;pD;csKyt
f jzpf ceft
Y yfc&H onhf 1944 ckEpS ?f arvtxd wm0ef,u l yG u f cJ yhJ gonf/

Oa&mytaemufyikd ;f a'owdu k yf 0JG ifpOfwiG f (1944-45) yg0ifcyhJ kH

68/ 1944 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmvukeyf ikd ;f wGif 4if;onf SS tzGUJ \wdik Mf um;csut f m; tjypfr&daS Mumif;
oufaojyjiif;qdEk ikd cf NhJ y;D onhaf emuf tkypf (k G)\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D tjzpfrS ,cif&mxl;tm; 1944 ckEpS ?f
'DZifbmv(24)&ufaeYwGif jyefvnf&&dScJhygonf/ 1945 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dv(28)&ufaeYwGif 4if;onf
tkyfpk(H)Munf;wyfrawmf\umuG,fa&;OD;pD;csKyftjzpf cefYtyfjcif;cJh&ygonf/ 4if;&mxl;ae&mü
Blaskowitzonf e,fomvefEi kd if w
H iG yf if jyefvnfwm0efay;tyfjcif;cH&onf/

69/ arv(5)&ufaeYwiG f Blaskowitztm; trSw(f 1)uae'D ,ef;wyfrBu;D \ wyfrBu;D rSL; Adv k cf sKyBf u;D
Charles Faoulkes u Wageningen &dS Hotel of the World odYk ac:,lzw d Mf um;Ny;D e,fomvefEikd if &H Sd
*smrefwyfzUJG 0ifrsm;\ umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyt f jzpf wm0ef,u l yG u
f OJ ;D pD;aeonhrf if;om; Bernharduvnf;
4if;tpnf;ta0;odYk wuf&mufcyhJ gonf/ Blaskowitz u foulkes \awmif;qdck sut f m;vH;k udk oabmwl
cJyh gonf/ odaYk omfvnf; wpfNrKd UvH;k rnfonhaf e&mwGirf S vufEydS pf ufukd &SmazGrawGU&do S jzifh vufeuf
csonfph mcsKyu f kd r½du
k Ef ikd cf /hJ aemufwpf&ufwiG rf S ESpb
f ufacgif;aqmifrsm;jzpfonhf Adv k cf sKyBf u;D foulkes?
rif;om; Bernhard ESihf Von Blaskowitz wdu Yk vufrw S af &;xd;k Edik cf yhJ gonf/

ppfyt JG vGeuf mv
70/ Von Blaskowitz onf ppf&mZ0wfrIrsm;twGuf tar&duefppfcHk½Hk;odkYwifí w&m;pGJqdkjcif;
cH&aomfvnf; 1948 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&Dv(5)&ufaeYwiG f Nuremberg tusO;f axmif\ jyLwif;aygufrS
ckecf sí rdrud ,kd rf rd d tqH;k pD&ifcyhJ gonf/ twltusO;f uscaH ecJ&h olrsm;\ajymqdck sut
f & 4if;rSm SStzGUJ \
vkyBf uo H wfjzwfjcif;cH&onf[k aumv[mvowif; xGuaf y:cJah omfvnf; oufaojyEdik jf cif; r&dcS yhJ g/

Blaskowitz \ppfom;b0jzpfpOftusOf;csKyf
71/ tqif&h &ufpEJG iS t
hf qifrh sm;rSm atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfonf-
(u) 1901 ckEpS ?f rwfv(2)&uf - tvkyo f ifAv dk /f
( c) 1902 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv(27)&uf - 'kw, d Adv k /f
( *) 1910 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv(27)&uf - Adv k /f
(C) 1914 ckEpS ?f azazmf0g&Dv(17)&uf - Adv k Bf u;D /

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( i) 1922 ckEpS ?f Zefe0g&Dv(1)&uf - Adv k rf LS ;/

( p) 1926 ckEpS ?f {Nyv
D (6)&uf - 'kw, d Advk rf LS ;Bu;D /
(q) 1929 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mv(1)&uf - Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D /
( Z) 1932 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mv(1)&uf - Adv k rf LS ;csKy/f
( ps) 1933 ckEpS ?f 'DZifbmv(1)&uf - Adv k cf sKy/f
(n) 1936 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwvf (1)&uf - 'kw, d Adv k cf sKyBf u;D /
( #) 1939 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mv(1)&uf - Adv k cf sKyBf u;D /

&&dcS o
hJ nhf bGUJ xl;? *kPx
f ;l rsm;
72/ (u) Iron Cross ('kw, d tqif)h (1914)? (yxrtqif)h (1915)/
( c) Clasp to the Iron Cross ('kw, d tqif)h (1939)? (yxrtqif)h (1939)/
( *) Knight's Cross (1939)/
(C) Oak Leaves (1944)/
( i) Swords (1945)/
( p) Anschluss wHqyd f (1938)/
(q) Sudetenland wHqyd f (1938)? Prague Castle bar (1938)/
( Z) Wound Badge (1918)/
( ps) Bravarian Military Merit Cross (1916)/
(n) German Cross in Silver (1943)/

OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifco hJ nhf wyfzUJG Bu;D rsm;

73/ (u) bd[ k ;D rD;,m;? rd&k muD;,m;tzGUJ Bu;D \udp&ö yfrsm;tm; wm0efcaH jz&Si;f ol
(1939 rwfv15? rwf 21)
( c) trSw(f 8)Munf;wyfrawmf\ OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1939 puf 1? 1939 atmuf 20)
( *) trSw(f 9)Munf;wyfrawmfrawmf\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1949 ar 20? ar 29)
(C) tkypf (k G)Munf;wyfrawmf\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1944 ar 8? puf 20)
( i) tkypf (k G)Munf;wyfrawmf\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1944 'D 24? Zef 29)
( p) trSw(f 1)Munf;wyfrawmf\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1940 atmuf 24? 1944 ar 2)
(q) tkypf (k H)Munf;wyfrawmf\OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D (1945 Zef 30? 1945 at 15)

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General Walerian Czuma \udk,fa&;tw¬KyÜwådtusOf;

74/ Walerian Czumaonf ydv k efEikd if H wyfrawmfAv kd cf sKyBf u;D wpfO;D jzpfygonf/ Serbia Edik if t H wGi;f
½k&mS ;jynfwiG ;f ppfumvü ydv
k efwyfzUJG rsm;tm; uGyu f cJ jhJ cif;ESihf 1939 ckEpS ?f 0gaqmNrKd Uudk 0dik ;f &Hwu
kd cf u
kd jf cif;
cH&onht f csed uf 0gaqmNrKd UcHppftm; uGyu f cJ jhJ cif;wdtYk wGuf *kPjf yKjcif;cHc&hJ olwpfO;D jzpfonf/

ud,
k af &;&mZ0if
75/ yxrurÇmppftNyD;ü Czuma onf Pilsudski ydkvefwyfr[modkY 0ifa&muftrIxrf;cJhonf/
4if;onf ½k&Sm;wyfrawmf\ppfoHkYyef;tjzpf zrf;qD;jcif;cHcJh&onf/ ausmfMum;vSonhf Butyrka
tusO;f axmifü tusO;f usccH &hJ onf/ aemufyikd ;f wGif 4if;onf Serbia wGif 0ifa&mufusL;ausmrf t I wGuf
tjypf'Pfcsrw S jf cif;udv
k nf; cHc&hJ ygonf/ 1917 ckEpS f ½k&mS ;awmfveS af &;tNy;D 4if;onf ydv
k efppfa&;
wyfzGJUrsm;udk Serbia ü pkpnf;cJhonf/ 4if;zGJUpnf;cJhonhfwyfzGJUudk trSwf(5)½dkifz,fwyfr[k ac:qdkMu
ygonf/

76/ 4if;\wyfrudk ½k&mS ;wyfeaD wmfu wdu k cf u

kd zf suq f ;D Ny;D aemuf 4if;onfvnf; tzrf;cHc&hJ onf/
xdaYk emuf armfpudük axmifcstusO;f csjcif; cH&jyefonf/ Riga Nird ;f csr;f a&;pmcsKyu f kd vufrw S af &;xd;k
Ny;D emuf Czuma tm; ydv
k efEikd if o
H Ykd jyefvnfapvTwcf NhJ y;D 4if;onf ydv k efwyfrawmfoYkd 0ifa&muftrIxrf;
jyefygonf/

77/ 1922 ckEpS w f iG f 4if;onf trSw(f 19)ajcvsiw f yfr\ wyfrrSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcNhJ y;D 1927
ckEpS Ef iS hf 1928 ckEpS Mf um;umvwGif Wilno e,fpyfa'oü OD;pD;uGyu f cJ o
hJ nf/ aemufyikd ;f ü 4if;trSw(f 5)
wyfr\wyfrrSL;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcjhJ yefonf/ 1938 ckEpS ?f rwfvwGif 4if;onf jynfxaJ &;0efBu;D
Xme? e,fjcm;apmifw h yfrsm;\ OD;pD;t&m&dBS u;D tjzpf ceft
Y yfwm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&onf/ ppfyrJG sm;umv
twGif;ü Czuma onf vlrIa&;toif;tzGJUtrsKd;rsKd;ü wuf<upGm yg0ifvIyf&Sm;onhftzGJU0ifwpfOD;
jzpfygonf/

78/ 1939 ckEpS f ydv k efcpH pf ppfyt

JG Ny;D ü 4if;onf t&yfom;wm0ef&o Sd rl sm;? tpd;k &tzGUJ 0ifrsm;ESit
hf wl
0gaqmNrKd UrS xGuaf jy;wdr;f a&Smif&ef jiif;qdck yhJ gonf/ pufwifbmv(3)&ufaeYwiG f ydv k efwyfzUJG rsm;\
aoemywdcsKyf Edward Smily-Rydz u 4if;tm; 0gaqmNrKd Uudk umuG,af &;twGuf tpDtpOfrsm;a&;qGJ
aqmif&Guf&ef trdefYay;onhftcg Czuma onf ,if;NrdKUü uGyfuJol OD;pD;t&m&dSBuD; jzpfvmcJhonf/
0gaqmNrKd Utm; 0dkif;&HwdkufcdkufrIudk ckcHumuG,faeonhfwyfzGJUrsm;tm;vHk;tm; uGyfuJcJhonhftwGuf
Czuma onf Virtuti Militari wHqy d cf s;D jri§ jhf cif; cH&onf/
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79/ 1939 ckESpf pufwifbmv(28)&ufaeYwGif Czuma onf *smrefwyfrsm;\ ppfoHkYyef;tjzpf

zrf;qD;jcif;udk cH&NyD; ppfoHkYyef;tusOf;pcef;rsm;pGmü 'kwd,urÇmppfvufusefumvwpfavQmufvHk;
tusO;f usccH &hJ onf/ 4if;onf Oflag yHk Murnau oHyYk ef;tusO;f pcef;udk tar&duefwyfrsm; odr;f ydu k f
vdkufonhftcg vGwfajrmufcJh&NyD; taemufbuf&dS ydkvefwyfrawmfudk qufoG,ftrIxrf;cJhonf/
uGejf rLepftpd;k &topfu 4if;tm; ydv k efEikd if \
H trsK;d om;a&;acgif;aqmifwpfO;D tjzpf xdu
k o
f ifo
h nhf
tcGit hf a&;rsm; ray;onft h wGuf Czuma onf United KingdomwGif tajccs&ef a&G;cs,cf NhJ y;D 1962
ckEpS w
f iG f Wrexham teD;&dS Penley NrKd UwGif uG,vf eG cf yhJ gonf/

&&dcS o
hJ nhf bGUJ xl;? *kPx
f ;l rsm;
80/ Czuma onf r[mrdwEf ikd if rH sm;rS cs;D jri§ o
hf nhf qkx;l ? *kPx
f ;l rsm;pGmudk vufc&H &dcS yhJ gonf/ 4if;wdrYk mS
atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf-
(u) Polish Virtuti Militari (wwd,? pwkwå? yOör)tqifh/
( c) Polish Cross of Independence with Swords /
( *) Krzyz Walecznych (av;Burd )f /
(C) Polonia Resituta (pwkwåtqifh)/
( i) Polish order of Merit (a&T)/
( p) French Legion d'honneur /
(q) Beligian Grand Cross of Leopold /

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tcef; (4)
0gaqmwduk yf JG
wduk yf rJG pwifruD mvtajctae
81/ Amqdik ;f pmcsKyt f & *smrefw\ Ykd ppftiftm;udk uefo Y wfcahJ omfvnf; *smrefwo Ykd nf trSew f u,fü
tiftm;avsmhcscJhjcif;r&dSay/ r[mrdwfwdkYbufuvnf; pmcsKyft& azmfjycJhaomfvnf; vufawGU
Bu;D Muyfjcif; tm;enf;cJo h nf/ xkadY Mumifh *smrefwyfrawmfonf rlvuyif tiftm;rsm;jym;cJo h nht f wdik ;f
rNyKd ruGJ tiftm;awmifw h if;qJyifjzpfygonf/ [pfwvm tmPm&vmaomtcsed w f iG v
f nf; urÇmudk
vTrfrdk;&ef &nf&G,fcsufBuD;rm;onhftavsmuf ppftiftm;udk wjznf;jznf;pnf;½Hk;jyifqifcJhygonf/
ppftiftm; jyifqif&mwGif wyfta&twGufxuf enf;AsL[mtydkif;ESifh ppfenf;AsL[mydkif;udk rsm;pGm
tom;ay;jyifqifcyhJ gonf/ NAw d o
d QwrYkd S pwifawG;ac:cJo h nhf vIy&f mS ;ppfenf;AsL[mudk *smrefppfAv kd cf sKyBf u;D
0l'g;&D;,ef;(Guderion)rS taumiftxnfazmfEikd af &; jyifqifEikd cf yhJ gonf/ vIy&f mS ;ppfenf;AsL[mtwGuf
ta&;Bu;D onhf t"duvdt k yfonhf oHcsyu f mwyfzUJG rsm;udk OD;pm;ay;zGUJ pnf;cJMh uonf/ 1939 ckEpS f ppf
pwifjzpfymG ;csed wf iG f *smrefwv Ykd ufwiG f yefZm(Panzer)oHcsyu f mwyfr(10)cktxd pkpnf;cJNh y;D jzpfygonf/

82/ Munf;wyfrsm;udk zGUJ pnf;&mwGiv f nf; ppfonfwpfO;D csi;f t&nftcsi;f jynf0h atmifEiS hf pdw"f gwf
wuf<uatmifavhusifhay;cJhygonf/ *smrefppfonfrsm;\vIyf&Sm;wdkufcdkufrIonf ppf\tpydkif;wGif
r[mrdww f yfrsm;rS plygrif;[k xif&avmufatmifyif tpGr;f xufcyhJ gonf/ ajcvsiw f yfvufeufrsm;
txl;ojzifh armif;jyefvufeufrsm;ESiahf rmfwmrsm;udk txl;trsK;d tpm;aumif;rGeaf tmif aqmif&u G cf hJ
Muonf/ tajrmufwyftwGuf tajrmufrsm;udk usno f iG ;f &mwGivf nf; ayghyg;onht f ajrmufi,frsm;ESihf
zsuq f ;D rItm;aumif;aom tajrmufBu;D rsm;udk oH;k pG&J ef jyifqifxw k vf yk cf MhJ uonf/ avwyfyikd ;f wGiv f nf;
a&jyifta&twGufoHk;oyfcsufrsm;udk ausmfvGefNyD; wnfaqmufcJhMuonf/ txl;ojzifh tiftm;
awmifw h if;onhf NAw d od Qa&wyfukd ppfNyKd iw f u
kd cf u
kd Ef ikd &f eftwGuf or½d;k usoabFmrsm;xuf a&ikyo f abFm
rsm;udk txl;OD;pm;ay;wnfaqmufco hJ nf/ ,lbw k (f U Boat)[k ac:onhf *smrefa&ikyo f abFmrsm;onf
NAw
d o d Qa&wyfuv kd nf;aumif;? r[mrdww f \Ykd a&aMumif;axmufyahH &;a&,mOftyk pf rk sm;udv k nf;aumif;
rsm;pGm 'ku©ay;EdkifcJhygonf/ avwyftydkif;wGifvnf; rpfp&S,f(Messishridi)? pwlum(stuka)?
*spfum(Jonka)ponhf AHk;BuJav,mOf? wdkufav,mOfrsm;udk AdkvfcsKyfBuD; *dktm;&ifh(Goering)rS OD;pD;
xkwfvkyfzGJYpnf;cJhygonf/ xdkodkY ppftiftm;rsm; 1935 ckESpfrSpwifí jyifqifpnf;½Hk;aerIudk EdkifiHa&;
0J*,ufwGif vnfywfaeaom r[mrdwfwdkYonf tjynhft0 tm½HkrjyKrdonhftjyif urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;
tzGUJ csKyw f iG v
f nf; NAw
d od QEiS jhf yifopfw\ Ykd MoZmoufa&mufrI enf;yg;cJo h jzifh 4if;wdYk vdtk yfcsurf sm;udk

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urÇmEh ikd if rH sm;rS tjynht f 0 jznhqf nf;ay;Edik rf rI &dcS ahJ y/ *smrefwt

Ykd aejzifh ppfpnf;½H;k rI prf;oyfonht f aejzifh
1935 ckEpS w f iG f ½dik ;f vef;wGif wyfrsm;jyefvnfpzk UJG jcif;? 1938 ckEpS w f iG f MopBw;D ,m;Edik if t
H m; odr;f ydu
k jf cif;?
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vkyaf qifcsut f m; rnfonhEf ikd if u H rQ [efw Y m;jcif;rjyKvyk Ef ikd cf ahJ y/ r[mrdww f \
Ykd ppfpnf;½H;k rItydik ;f wGif
jyifopfEikd if t H aejzifh ppftiftm;awmifw h if;rI&aSd omfvnf; cHppftwGuf jyifqifpzk UJG rIom t"duxm;í
jyKvkyfxm;Muonf/ yxrurÇmppf\ taiGUtoufrukefao;onhftwGuf EdkifiH\ta&SUbufwGif
rm*D;aemhcHppfaMumif; jyKvkyfNyD; cHppfaMumif;udk vG,fvG,fESifh xdk;azmufjcif; rjyKvkyfEdkif[k awG;ac:
,lqxm;Muonf/

83/ ppfaoG;? ppfpw d uf ek cf rf;aeMuojzifh ppfonfrsm;\t&nftaoG;ESiphf w d "f gwfwuf<urItydik ;f wGif

tm;enf;aecJMh uygonf/ NAw d o d QwtYkd ydik ;f wGirf l Oa&myü wyfrtiftm;(2)ckom csxm;Edik Nf y;D &ufaygif;(20)
ESifh(30)twGif;wGifom wdkufyGJ0if&eftwGuf tqifoifhjzpfEdkifrnfjzpfonf/ NAdwdoQwdkY\t"du
tm;enf;csurf mS oHcsyu f mwyfzUJG rsm;yif jzpfonf/ vIy&f mS ;ppfenf;AsL[mudk NAw d o d QwrYkd S pwifawG;ac:
Muaomfvnf; Edik if aH &;? pD;yGm;a&;tajctaersm;aMumifh wifu h m;rsm; xkwv
f yk rf w I iG f tvGeaf ESmifah ES;cJh
ygonf/ NAw d od Qukd ppfa&;jyifqifrrI mS vnf; aESmifah ES;cJyh gonf/ ppfa&;jyifqifrI aESmifah ES;&jcif;\ t"du
tcsurf mS Edik if aH &;yifjzpfonf/ 4if;wdt Yk aejzifh 1935 ckEpS cf efrY pS í *smrefw\ Ykd BupH nfvyI &f mS ;rIrsm;udk
&dyrf cd MhJ uonf/ xdo k Ykd BuKd wifarQmrf eS ;f csut f & ppfa&; jyifqif&ef tpd;k &tzGUJ ESihf ygvDreftwGi;f wifjy
aqG;aEG;cJ&h mwGif yk*Kd¾ vaf &;pdwo f abmxm;jcif; rwdu k q f ikd rf ?I b@ma&;tcuftcJ? Edik if aH &;rsm;aMumifh
vdtk yfonhf jywfom;aom qH;k jzwfcsuf csrw S Ef ikd jf cif;r&dcS ahJ y/ OD;aqmifrt I ydik ;f wGiv f nf; waoG;? woH?
wrderYf [kwo f jzifh tjiif;yGm;rIrsm;jzifo h m tcsed u f ek cf &hJ ygonf/

84/ NAw d o d Qw\ Ykd ppfjyifqifrw I iG f t"dutcuftcJrmS enf;ynmydik ;f qdik &f m tm;enf;csuyf ifjzpfonf/
NAw
d od Qwo Ykd nf BuKd wifarQmaf wG;xm;olrsm;jzpfojzifh ,ckwpfBurd f ppfjzpfymG ;ygu yxrurÇmppfuo hJ Ykd
ppfukd tav;ay;&ef r&Edik af wmhaMumif; oH;k oyfrcd yhJ gonf/ avwyf\tcef;u@ta&;ygrIuv kd nf;
qifjcifrod nf/ xdaYk Mumifh jrefqefí ypftm;aumif;aom wifrh sm;? oHcsyu f m;rsm; xkwv f yk &f efEiS hf vsijf ref
oGufvufaom Mum;jzwfwdkufav,mOfrsm; xkwfvkyf&eftwGuf ukefxkwft&if;tjrpfrSpí topf
jyefvnfjyKvyk &f ojzifh tcsed , f jl yKvyk &f onho f abmudk awGU&ygonf/ NAw d o d Qwo Ykd nf uRe;f Edik if jH zpfí
a&wyftiftm;aumif;rGeyf gu 4if;wd\ Yk Edik if H vHNk cKH rnfqakd om todpw
d jf zifh tylwjyif; ppfjyifqifrrI sm;
rjyKvkyfcJhyg/ EdkifiHa&;t&vnf; pydefjynfwGif;ppfaMumifh EdkifiHa&;t,ltqtkyfpkrsm; uGJvGJojzifh
ppfjyifqifru I kd aESmifah ES;apcJo
h nf/ wzef yk*Kd¾ vaf &;t& [pfwvmudk avsmw h uG cf o
hJ jzifh taxGaxGppfBu;D

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txd rjzpfEikd [ f k rSe;f qcJah omaMumifv h nf; jyifqifrI aESmifah ES;cJMh uonf/ xdaYk Mumifh 1939 ckEpS f ppfrjzpfrD
tiftm;EdiI ;f ,SOyf gu *smrefwo Ykd nf wyfr(39)ckukd csucf si;f ppfqifEikd af pNy;D wpfywftwGi;f wyfr(79)ck
toifjh zpfEikd o
f nht f ajctaewGif jyifopfEikd if t H aejzifh wyfr(16)ckr(S 33)ck? b,fv*f s, D EH ikd if t
H aejzifh
wyfr(1)ckrS wyfr(15)ck? NAw d o d Qtaejzifh tvGeqf ;kH wyfrwpfco k m toifjh zpfEikd o
f nht
f aetxm;udk
awGU&ygonf/ txufygppfpnf;½Hk;jyifqifrIrsm;udk avhvmjcif;tm;jzifh BudKwifBuHpnfum pepfwus
jyifqifxm;onf/ *smrPDEdkifiHonf ppf\yxrydkif;wGif vsifjrefpGm atmifjrifrI&cJhonfrSm "r®wm
oabmyifjzpfí txl;tHMh obG,&f mr[kwaf Mumif; awGU&d&S ygonf/

ydv
k efEikd if tH m; *smrefwrYkd S usL;ausm0f ifa&mufwu kd cf u kd &f efjyifqifjcif;
85/ [pfwvmonf *smrPDEdkifiH\ppftiftm;awmifhwif;vmonfESifhtrQ ol\tem*wf
&nfreS ;f csuu f kd wpfcpk t
D aumiftxnfazmfavawmhonf/ Amqdik ;f pmcsKyt f yd'k -f 42? 43 ESihf 44 wdw Yk iG f
*sKid ;f jrpfwpfzufwpfcsuüf ppfwyfzUJG rsm; r&daS ome,fajrtjzpf owfrw S af zmfjyxm;avonf/ xdaYk Mumifh
*smrPDonf ½dik ;f jrpfurf;ESiu hf vD rkd w D m 50 twGi;f ü cHwyfaqmufvyk jf cif;? wyfrsm;csxm;jcif;? ppfom;
pkaqmif;jcif;? ppfqifppfwu kd jf cif;rsm; jyKvyk cf iG rhf &daS y/ xdt Yk jyif þa'oESiyhf wfoufí *smrPDu, kd w f ikd f
yg0ifcsKyq f xkd m;aom vdu k mEdpk mcsKyv f nf; &daS eNy;D jzpfygonf/ od&Yk mwGif [pfwvmonf 1936 ckEpS ?f
rwfv(7)&ufaeYwiG f vTwaf wmfü *sKid ;f jrpfukd jyefvnford ;f ydu k vf akd Mumif; aMujimvdu k af vonf/ xdo k Ykd
aMujimaepOf *smrefwyfrsm;onf &dik ;f vif;e,fajrtwGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufum odr;f ydu k cf MhJ uonf/ *smrPD\
tjyKtrlonf pmcsKyrf sm;wGif yg0ifaom tcsut f vufpnf;urf;csurf sm;udk azmufzsujf cif;jzpf½o kH mru
r[mrdwfwyfrsm; ½dkif;vif;e,frS apmpD;pGmqkwfay;xm;onfudk tcGifhaumif;,lvdkufjcif;jzpfonf/
*dik ;f vif;e,fu odr;f rnhu f pd w ö iG f [pfwvmonf *smrefppfbufacgif;aqmifrsm;ESihf oabmxm;uGv J JG
wif;rmcJah omfvnf; atmifjrifraI Mumifh ppfbufacgif;aqmifrsm;tm; vTr;f rd;k oGm;awmhonf/ ½dik ;f vif;udk
atmifjrifpmG odr;f ydu k Nf y;D aemuf [pfwvmonf ol\ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;udk ac:,lawGUqHu k m rdrrd nfrQ
rSeu f efonfukd wif;wif;rmrmBu;D ajymqd*k P k ,f El ikd af wmhonf/ ppfacgif;aqmifrsm;rSmvnf; yHpk aH eMu
&um ppfom;aumif;rsm;yDyD rdrw d w dYk ikd ;f jynftusK;d udk þrQvsijf refpmG jzifh e,fopfy,fopfrsm; &cJMh uNy;D
&efolwdkif;jynfrsm;taejzifh ttkyftoif;uGJum z½dkz&JjzpfoGm;onfudkMunhfum 0rf;ajrmuf0rf;om
jzpfvsu&f aSd eMuawmhonf/ þenf;tm;jzifh [pfwvmonf rdr\ d aemufxyfvrS ;f rnhaf jcvSr;f rsm;udk
&J&w J if;wif;Bu;D vSr;f Edik af vmufatmif *smrefacgif;aqmifyikd ;f ü rsuEf mS yGichf o hJ nfrmS ,Hrk mS ;zG,&f mr&dS
awmhacs/ *smrefwdkY ½dkif;vif;e,ftm; odrf;ydkufvdkufaomtcsdefwGif jyifopftpdk;&EdkifiHa&;orm;rsm;
taejzifh wyfraygif;(100)ausm&f aSd om jyifopfwyfrudk jyifopfavwyfjzifh pk½;kH Ny;D vufwjYkH yefvMkd u

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aomfvnf; wdkufyGJudk NiD;aiGUaeNyDjzpfaom ppfbufrS AdkvfcsKyfBuD;rsm;taejzifh jyif;xefpGmta&;,l

aqmif&u
G vf pkd w
d f r&dMS uay/ [pfwvmonfvnf; Edik if aH &;t& vSnzfh sm;&eftwGuf *smrefwYkd tvd&k aSd om
jynfe,frsm;udk pdwaf useyfavmufatmif jyefvnf&&dcS NhJ y[ D k urÇmodYk aMujimcJyh gonf/

86/ ppfjzpf&ef pd;k &GUH aecJah om jyifopfEikd if o H nfvnf; ppfrjzpfbJ udpNö y;D oGm;í aoG;at;oGm;cJyh gonf/
NAdwdoQwdkYtaejzifhvnf; *smrPDjynf\ jynfe,fa[mif;wpfck *smrPDodkY jyefvnfa&muf&dSoGm;jcif;
[líom oabmxm;vdu k Mf uawmhonf/ od&Yk mwGif *smrefwt Ykd aejzifh jyifopfjynfukd 0ifa&mufwu kd cf u
kd f
&eftwGuf rdik f 100 cefY a&mufvmonfukd rnforl Q owdrjyKcMhJ uay/ xdt k aetxm;wGif jyifopfonf
ppfrwdu k v f akd wmhbJ ppfwu kd v
f Qiv
f nf; NAwd o d Qwx Ykd rH S tultnD&Edik af wmhrnfr[kwo f nfrmS xif&mS ;
vSygonf/ [pfwvmonf ½dik ;f vif;e,fukd odr;f ydu k Nf y;D aemuf jyifopfe,fpyfwiG f cHwyfrsm; wnfaqmufNy;D
MopBw;D ,m;jynfukd *smrPDjynfwiG ;f oGwo f iG ;f &ef pDpOfavawmhonf/ xdt k csed w f iG f MopBw;D ,m;jynf&Sd
vli,frsm;onf emZDygwDwiG f vIy&f mS ;aeMuNy;D MopBw;D ,m;jynfwiG f emZDygwD tmPm&awmrnht f a&;rS
wjznf;jznf;xif&Sm;vmygonf/ odkY&mwGif [pfwvmonf vSnhfpm;rIwpf&yftaejzifh 1936 ckESpf?
arv(21)&ufaeYwiG f MopBw;D ,m;jynfwiG ;f a&;udk 0ifa&mufpu G zf ufrnfr[kwaf Mumif; aMujimcJo h nf/
xdt Yk jyif MopBw;D ,m;jynf&Sd emZDygwDuv kd nf; rulnyD g[k MopBw;D ,m;tpd;k &ESio hf abmwlpmcsKyf csKyq f kd
cJah vonf/

87/ od&Yk mwGif wpfzufuvnf; MopBw;D ,m;&dS emZDygwDtm; csKyu f ikd xf m;Ny;D ydrk ukd s,jf yefjY yif;xefpmG
qefu Y siv f yI &f mS ;&ef vQKd U0Suñf eT Mf um;cJoh nf/ wcsed w f nf; MopBw;D ,m;jynftm; odr;f ,l&eftwGuf ppfa&;
tpDtrHrsm;ukv d nf; vQKUd 0Supf mG a&;qGjJ yifqifaecJo h nf/ MopBw;D ,m;jynfonf *smrefwu Ykd csuu f pkd vdk
aA;uD;,m;jynfodkY0if&ef vrf;yGifhaponhf om"u Oa&mywdkufta&SUawmifbufae&mrsm;odkYvnf;
qdkufa&mufapEdkifonhf wHcg;aygufBuD; jzpfayonf/ [pfwvmonf ½dkif;vif;jynfe,ftm; odrf;ydkuf
Ny;D aemuf tDwvDEikd if EH iS v hf nf; r[mrdwzf UJG cJNh y;D jzpfonf/ xdtYk jyif *smrefvufeufuikd w f yfrsm;\ ppfaoem
ywdcsKy&f mxl;udv k nf; ,lxm;Ny;D jzpf&m ppfrufa&;&mudprö sm;wGif vkycf sio f vdk vkyEf ikd o f nft h cGit hf vrf;
rsm;&do S mG ;NyjD zpfayonf/ 1938 ckEpS w f iG f [pfwvmonf MopBw;D ,m;eef;&if;0ef½;l pHepftm; trdeaYf y;
ac:,lNyD; *smrPDtaejzifh MopBwD;,m;EdkifiHtm; csufcsif;odrf;ydkufEdkifaMumif; jzpfajrmufcJhonf/
azazmf0g&Dv(20)&ufaeYwiG f [pfwvmonf vTwaf wmfrS *smrPDEiS Mhf opBw;D ,m;wdo Yk nf tcsi;f csi;f
oabmwlnrD &I Ny;D jzpfaMumif;ajymcJo h nf/ MopBw;D ,m;eef;&if;0ef½;l pHepfonf raMurvnf vufrw S x f ;kd
cJNh y;D aemuf xdu k pd t ö m; jynfov l x l u
k kd today;um vlxq k E´c, H al &; usi;f y&ef pDpOfaqmif&u G cf yhJ gonf/
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h þtrdet Yf wdik ;f raqmif&u G f
vQif (2)em&DMumvQif *smrefwyfrsm; MopBw;D ,m;jynfwiG ;f odYk 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k rf nf[k &mZoHay;cJo h nf/
½l;pHepfonf &mxl;rSEw k x f u G &f ef aqmif&u G af omfvnf; aemufwpfaeY rwfv(11)&ufaeYwiG f [pfwvm
onf *smrefwyfrawmftm; MopBw;D ,m;jynfwiG ;f odYk 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k &f ef trdeaYf y;cJoh nf/ *smrefwYkd
MopBw;D ,m;jynfwiG ;f 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k pf Of emZDygwD\ MoZm vTr;f rd;k rIaMumifh ckcrH rI &Sb d J [pfwvm
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csuu f pkd vdak A;uD;,m;Edik if \ H ab;eHukd yGio hf mG ;atmif vkyEf ikd of nhf tjyif yxrurÇmppfBu;D Ny;D onhaf emuf
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ydkifeuf *smrefe,fpyfwGif *smrefvlrsKd;(10)oef;cefY &dSojzifh 1937 ckESpftwGif;uyif [pfwvmonf
xdktcsuf? xdktaMumif;udk taMumif;jyí csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m; jynfudk odrf;ydkuf&eftwGuf
pDrcH suaf &;qGx J m;cJNh y;D jzpfaMumif; od&onf/1

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bufoYkd xd;k ppfjyKonht f cg *smrPDjynftm; aemufausmvHak p&efEiS hf csuu f pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;&dS ½k&mS ;wd\ Yk
avwyftajcpdu k pf cef;rsm;udk odr;f ydu k &f efjzpfonf/ ppfa&;t& xdo k jYkd yifqifxm;csed rf mS yif csuu f pkd vdk
Aufu;D ,m;&dS qla'wefe,frS *smrefemZDygwD0ifrsm;tm;vnf; aoG;xd;k vHUI aqmfNy;D jzpfygonf/ odjYk zpfí
qla'wefe,frS emZDygwD0ifrsm;onf udk,fydkiftkyfcsKyfa&;&&dS&ef awmif;qdkvIyf&Sm;rIrsm; jyKvkyfae
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qla'wefe,fraS cgif;aqmifrsm;tm; 4if;wdaYk wmif;qdo k nfxuf ydak wmif;aom ud, k yf ikd t
f yk cf sKyaf &;udk
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taejzifh csuu f pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;jynfukd 0ifa&muford ;f ydu k Ef ikd o
f nht f EÅ&m,f &dv S maomaMumifh NAw d o d Q?
jyifopfEiS hf ½k&mS ;wdu Yk kd ndE§ iId ;f cJo
h nf/ tu,fí ppfjzpfcv hJ Qif ½k&mS ;taejzifh csuu f pkd vdak A;uD;,m;udk
ulnD&eftwGuf Mum;wGif ydkvefESifh ½lar;eD,m;EdkifiHrsm; cHaeaomaMumifh tcuftcJ&dScJhonf/ yx0D
taetxm;t& ppfjzpfvQif ½k&Sm;wyfrsm;udk csufudkpvdkAufuD;,m;EdkifiHodkY tvsiftjrefydkYay;&ef
tcuftcJ&rSd nf jzpfayonf/ NAw d od QEiS jhf yifopfwt Ykd aejzifv h nf; xdt k csed wf iG f ppfjzpf&ef toifrh jzpf
aomaMumifh *smrPDEikd if t H m; qefu Y sirf jI yKí ppfrufjzpfymG ;&ef qE´ r&dcS MhJ uay/2

1/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;(yxrwGJ) 1955 ck? 'DZifbmv 31 &uf? uuusifh pmrsufESm-204/

2/ 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD;(yxrwGJ) 1955 ck? 'DZifbmv 31 &uf? uuusifh pmrsufESm-225/

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89/ xdkuJhodkY tajctae½IyfaxG;aepOfrSmyif 1938 ckESpf? pufwifbmv(19)&ufwGif jrL;epfNrdKUü

usi;f yaom uGezf &ifüh [pfwvm? tDwvD0efBu;D csKyf rlqv kd ekd ?D NAw
d o
d Q0efBu;D csKyf csed ;f bmvdeEf iS hf jyifopf
0efBu;D csKyf 'av;'D;,m;wdYk ndE§ iId ;f aqG;aEG;MuNy;D qla'wefa'otm; *smrefwo Ykd rd ;f ,lciG u
hf kd oabmwlchJ
Muonf/ [pfwvmtaejzifv h nf; *smrPDwv Ykd ckd siaf omjynfe,frmS usKed ,fonf aemufq;kH jzpfaMumif;
*wday;cJNh y;D tjcm;jynfe,frsm;udv k nf; *smrPDjynfwiG ;f odYk roGwo f iG ;f vdak Mumif; ajymMum;cJyh gonf/
odkYaomfvnf; [pfwvmonf jrL;epfuGefz&ifhrS oabmwlnDcsufrsm;udk csKd;azmufum 1939 ckESpf?
rwfvwGif csuu f pkd vdAk ufu;D ,m;wjynfv;kH udk odr;f ydu k v
f u kd af wmhonf/ þonfyifvQif *smrPDw\ Yk
usL;ausmfppfyGJtpumvyifjzpfygonf/ [pfwvm\t&nftcsif;rSm 1938 ckESpf? wpfESpftwGif;yif
MopBw;D ,m;vlrsK;d aygif; (6750000)ESihf ql'ufbif(3500000)wdu Yk kd pnf;½H;k odr;f oGi;f Edik cf o hJ nfukd
awGU&ygonf/

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k efEikd if t H m; *smrefwrYkd S usL;ausm0f ifa&mufwu kd cf ukd jf cif;
90/ 1939 ckEpS ?f {Nyv D (3)&ufaeYwiG f [pfwvmonf txufwef;uGyu f rJ XI mecsKy\
f ppfO;D pD;csKyf
ppfoBl u;D uD;wJvt H m; ydvk efwu kd cf ukd af &;pDrcH suu f kd a&;qGaJ pcJyh gonf/ ydv k efjynfwiG f e,fpyfta&;tcif;
rsm;udk Nird ;f csr;f aomenf;jzifh ajz&Si;f ír&Edik af wmhojzifh ydv k efjynftm; 1939 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv(1)&uf
aeYwiG f 0ifa&mufwu kd cf u kd &f efEiS hf jyifopfEiS t hf *Fvyd w f Ykd ppfaMujimvmygu ydv k efuo kd mt"duxm;Ny;D
wduk &f efEiS hf uset f iftm;pkrsm;u tajctaexde;f odr;f xm;&efjzpfygonf/ 1939 ckEpS ?f Mo*kwv f (31)
&ufaeYwiG f ydv k efEikd if o
H nf taxGaxGpnf;½H;k a&;trdeu Yf kd xkwjf yefc&hJ m wpfem&DtwGi;f t&efppfonf
(100000)cefw Y o Ykd nf wyfrsm;odYk owif;vmydMYkuygonf/ þodjYkzifh ydv k efwiG f ppfonftiftm; (2000000)
txd zGUJ pnf;Ny;D &daS ecJyh gonf/ [pfwvm\ ydv k efEikd if t H ay: awmif;qdck surf sm;udk ydv k efot
H rwfBu;D
trfvpfpuDonf a&&mpGm rod&onhftjyif 4if;\0gaqmNrdKUawmf&dS ydkveftpdk;&tzGJUESifhvnf;
tquftoG,f r&cJah y/ awmif;qdck surf sm;udk a&'D,rkd S aMujimonft h cgrSom od&&Sd ygonf/3

91/ ,ck ydv k efwukd yf pJG Ofonf 'kw, d urÇmppftwGi;f *smrefw\ Ykd usL;ausmrf rI sm;teuf tcsed t f wdk
qH;k ESithf qH;k tjzwfay;Edik q f ;kH wdu
k yf pJG OfjzpfNy;D 'kw, d urÇmppfyyJG xrtpydik ;f wGif jzpfymG ;cJyh gonf/ *smref
wd\ Yk rd;k BuKd ;vufeufuo hJ Ykd vQijf refjyif;xefvo S nfh xd;k ppfonf 1939 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv(1)&ufEiS hf
(19)&uftwGi;f *smrefwyfawmfrsm;onf ydv k efajrmufyikd ;f ? taemufyikd ;f ESihf awmifyikd ;f e,fpyfrsm;tm;
csK;d azmufjzwfausmí f 0dik ;f 0ef;csw D ufum ydv k efwyfrsm;udk vTr;f rd;k wdu k cf u h nf/4
dk af csreI ;f cJo

3/ ppfynm*sme,ftwGJ-14? trSwf-4? pmrsufESm-37/

4/ 'kwd,urÇmppfwdkufyGJpOfrsm; vu&pmapmiftwGJ-85? pmapmif-10? pmrsufESm-18/

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92/ *smrefw\ Ykd xd;k ppfonf ydv k efEikd if u

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kd o
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&ifqikd &f ojzifh ydv k efwyfrawmftaejzifh t<uif;rJyh supf ;D qH;k ½H;I cJ&h ygonf/

93/ ydkvefEdkifiHtcsKyftjcmtmPmwnfwHha&;ESifh rNyKduGJa&;onf 1921 ckESpfwGif jyifopfu

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[pfwvmtaejzifh tqdyk ge,fajrtm; jyefvnfyikd q f ikd Ef ikd af &;udk odr;f ,lrnfeh ,fajrpm&if;wGif xdyq f ;kH ü
xm;&dcS yhJ gonf/ [pfwvmonf ydv k efukd wdu k cf u
kd &f ef *smrefppfO;D pD;tzGUJ tm; wdu k cf u
kd &f ef&uftjzpf
pufwifbmv(1)&ufaeYtm; {Nyv D (3)&ufaeYuxJu owfrw S af y;xm;cJo h nf/ [pfwvmonf 1934
ckEpS uf csKyq f ckd ahJ om *smref? ydv k efrusL;ausmaf &;pmcsKyt f m; {Nyv D (28)&ufaeYwiG f zsuo f rd ;f cJNh y;D arv
(23)&ufaeYwiG f 4if;\Adv k cf sKyBf u;D rsm;udk ppfyt
JG wGuf jyifqifxm;&ef owday;cJo h nf/ *smrefwt Ykd aejzifh
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½k&mS ;Edik if w
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rdkvdkawmh-&pfbifwa&mhAfpmcsKyftm; vufrSwfa&;xdk;jcif;jzifh tqHk;owfcJhonf/ tqdkygpmcsKyfwGif
Oa&myta&SUjcrf;ü MoZmvTr;f rd;k &m a'orsm;ESiyhf wfoufí oabmwlowfrw S cf surf sm; yg&doS nht f jyif
4if;pmcsKyu f *smrPDtm; ½k&mS ;\wefjyefx;kd ppftEÅ&m,fr&daS wmhbJ ydv k eftm; vGwv f yfpmG wdu k cf ukd f
vkyaf qmifciG hf &&daS pcJo h nf/

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NrKd Uapmifw h m0ef,x l m;aom ydv k eftrsK;d om;0gaqmMunf;wyfEiS hf *smrefMunf;wufwt Ykd Mum; jzpfymG ;onhf
wdu k yf wJG pfcjk zpfonf/ 4if;wdu k yf o JG nf 1939 ckEpS ?f pufwifbmv(1)&ufaeYwiG f *smrefavwyf\ae&m
us,jf yefpY mG AH;k Buw J u kd cf u
kd rf rI S pwifcyhJ gonf/ ajrjyifrS wdu k cf u
kd rf rI mS trSw(f 1)*smrefocH syu f mwyfzUJG rsm;u
Wolae,fajrESifh NrdKU\taemufawmifbuf qifajczHk;&yfuGufrsm;odkY a&muf&dScJhonf/ pufwifbmv
(8)&ufaeYwiG f pwifjzpfymG ;cJo h nf/ *smrefa&'D,t kd oHviT Xhf merS 0gaqmNrKd Utm; odr;f ydu k v f ek ;D yg; jzpfaeNy[ D k
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kd cf u
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vufeufcstnHch cH o hJ nhf pufwifbmv(28)&ufaeYtxd 0gaqmNrKd Utm; 0ef;&Hwu kd cf u
kd jf cif;rSm Mumanmif;
cJyh gonf/ aemufwpf&ufwiG f ydv k efppfom; teD;pyfq;kH (100000)cefrY mS NrKd UrS xGucf mG cJ&h Ny;D ppfoyYkH ef;
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95/ ueOD;ydik ;f wGif Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma \ vufatmufwyfzUJG rsm;rSm uefo Y wfta&twGuf rsm;pGm
&dSygonf/ odkYaomfvnf; NrdKUtmPmydkiftawmfrsm;rsm;rSm &JwyfzGJUrsm;? rD;avmifvufeufrsm;jzifh
wdkufcdkufolrsm;ESifh NrdKUapmifhwyfzGJUrsm;tcsKdUESifhtwl 0gaqmNrdKUtm; pGefYcGmxGufajy;oGm;cJhMuonf/
0gaqmNrKd Uü ajcvsiw f yf&if;(4)&if;ESihf tajrmufrsm; ae&mcsxm;onhaf e&mwpfco k m use&f cSd yhJ gonf/
tvm;wl 0gaqmNrKd Uapmifw h yf\ ajyma&;qdck iG &hf o Sd u l 4if;onf vl&, G rf sm;tm;vH;k tm; 0gaqmNrKd Utm;
pGefYcGmoGm;&ef trdefYay;cJhaMumif; tpD&ifcHcJhygonf/ t&yfom;rsm\ BudK;pm;tm;xkwfrIrsm;ESifh
0gaqmNrKd UwGif ay:aygufaeonhf pd;k &draf MumufvefrY rI sm;tm; xde;f csKyaf qmif&u G &f ef Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma
onf 0gaqmNrKd U\t&yfom;Edik if aH &;rSL;tjzpf Stefan Starzynski tm; ceft Y yfcyhJ gonf/ Starzynski
onf t&yfom;umuG,af &;wyfzUJG 0ifrsm;udk pkpnf;cJNh y;D NrKd Utm; pGecYf mG xGuaf jy;oGm;onf/ &Jwyfrsm;\
ae&mrsm;ESirhf ;D avmifvufeufrsm;udik af qmifwu kd cf u kd o
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NrKUd tkycf sKyaf &;tzGUJ 0ifrsm;tm;vH;k udv k nf; 4if;wd\ Yk ae&mwGif jyefvnfae&m,l&eftwGuf trdeaYf y;cJh
ygonf/ 4if;\aeYpOfa&'D,t kd oHviT chf suw
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wifu h m;umuG,af &;twm;tqD;rsm;udk NrKd UqifajczH;k rsm;wGif wnfaqmuf&ef ajymqdw k ukd wf eG ;f cJyh gonf/
pufwifbmv(7)&ufaeYwiG f trSw(f 40)ajcvsiw f yf&if;onf 'kw, d Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D Jozef Kalandyk \
OD;aqmifrjI zifh Pomoze Munf;wyfEiS hf rMumrDu owfrw S xf m;onhaf e&mrsm;udk jzwfoef;0ifa&mufcNhJ y;D
0gaqmcHppfEiS hf yl;aygif;cJyh gonf/

96/ ppfajrjyifcHppfvkyfief;rsm;udk NrdKUtaemufbufwGif rsm;pGmjyifqifwnfaqmufxm;ygonf/

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olrsm;jzifh tiftm;jynfw h if;vmcJyh gonf/ pufwifbmv(8)&ufaeYeeH ufwiG f 0gaqmNrKd U qifajczH;k rsm;
jzpfMuonhf Grojec , Radziejowice, Nadarzyn, Raszyn ESihf Plaseczno &yfuu G rf sm;udk *smreftrSw(f 14)
yefZmwyfrBu;D \ wyfzUJG rsm;u odr;f ydu k cf MhJ uonf/ nae(5)em&DwiG f *smreftrSw(f 4) yefZmwyfronf
0gaqmNrKd U\taemufbuf Ochota pnfyifom,me,ferd w d uf kd acsreI af &;jyKvyk &f ef tm;xkwcf MhJ uonf/
acsreI ;f a&;rSm jyif;xefaom wefjyefweG ;f vSerf EI iS &hf ifqidk &f Ny;D *smrefwyfzUJG rsm;rSm xdcu kd u
f sq;kH rI rsm;pGm
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tjcm;acsreI ;f a&;wpfcu k kd Ochota ESihf Wda wdw Yk iG f jyKvyk cf MhJ uygonf/ aumif;rGeo f nhaf e&m rsm;wGif
csxm;onhf ydv k efwifu h m;&efumuG,af &;vufeufEiS v hf rf;rsm;ay:wGif csxm;aom vlvyk u f wkwt f wm;
tqD;rsm;onf ,if;acsreI ;f a&;udk vSeu f somG ;apcJjh yefonf/

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97/ Opaczewska ESihf Grojecka vrf;rsm;udk jzwfícsxm;onhv f v l yk u f wkwt f wm;tqD;wpfcu k kd

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rsm;pGmr&daS omfvnf; uRr;f usirf jI zifh wdu k cf ukd af &;udk wDxiG t f m;jznhcf MhJ uonf/ NrKd Uv,fa*gifoYkd OD;wnf
azmufvkyfxm;onhf vrf;rwpfckay:wGif wmyifwdkifrsm; avmif;csxm;NyD; &efol*smrefwihfom;rsm;
csOf;uyfvmaomtcg 4if;tqDrsm;udk rD;½dIUvdkufjcif;tm;jzifh aoewfwpfcsuf rypfazmuf&bJ &efol
wifhum;rsm;udk rD;avmifzsufqD;EdkifcJhygonf/ *smrefwyfrsm;rSm xdcdkufaoaMurIrsm; BuHKawGUcJh&NyD;
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4if;\wyfzGJUwGif tajrmuf(64)vufESifh wifhum;(33)pD;&dSygonf/ pufwifbmv(8)&ufaeYwGif
umuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyf aoemywd Edward Rydz-Smiglyonf ydv k efw\ Ykd Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Juliusz Rommel
OD;pD;onhf 0gaqmMunf;wyfrawmfukd wdu k cf u kd &f ef wdu
k pf pfwpfck zefw;D xd;k ppfqif&ef trdeaYf y;cJyh gonf/
topfzGJUpnf;xm;onhf 0gaqmESifh Modlin cHwyfNrdKUwGif ckcHumuG,faeonhf ydkvefwyfrsm;ukdyg
wduk cf u kd &f eftwGuf zGUJ pnf;wm0efay;tyfjcif; cH&ygonf/ xdt Yk wl 0gaqmNrKd UESihf Pilica jrpftMum;&dS
Narew NrKd UESihf Vistula NrKd Uwdw Yk iG f cHppfqifaeonfh ydv k efwyfrsm;udyk g wdu k cf ukd &f eftwGuf zGUJ pnf;wm0ef
ay;tyfjcif;cH&ygonf/ Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma onf 'kw, d Advk cf sKyBf u;D Julian Ganowski OD;pD;onhf NrKd U
ta&SUbuf&dSwyfESifh 'kwd,AdkvfrSL;BuD; Porwit OD;pD;onhf taemufbufwyfrsm;udk qufvufOD;pD;cJh
ygonf/

99/ pufwifbmv(11)&ufaeYwiG f ydv k efumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f 0gaqmNrKd UwGif &do

S rQtiftm;jzifh
pkyHkckcH&ef trdefYay;cJhygonf/ aemufwpf&ufwGif *smrefAdkvfcsKyfBuD; Georg Von Kuchler OD;pD;onhf
trSw(f 3)Munf;wyfrawmfrS wyfzUJG rsm;onf Narew jrpf&Sd ydv k efcpH pfaMumif;udk csK;d zsucf NhJ y;D 0gaqmNrKd Uudk
ta&SUbufrS jzwfawmuf&eftwGuf awmifbufoYkd pwifícsw D ufcMhJ uonf/ *smrefw\ Ydk jyif;xefaom
wdkufcdkufrIaMumifh ydkvefwdkY\ wefjyefxdk;ppfrSm usqHk;NyD; awmifbufodkY qkwfcGmcJhMu&onf/ Narew
jrpf e,fajr&dS ydv
k efwyf&if;rsm;rSmvnf; qkwcf mG cJ&h Ny;D 0gaqmNrKd UodYk pufwifbmv(14)&ufaeYwiG f a&muf&Sd
cJMh uonf/

100/ pufwifbmv(15)&ufaeYwiG f *smrefwyfrsm;onf ta&SUbufa'orSaeí 0gaqmNrKd UodYk a&muf&Sd

cJhMuNyD; ydkvefEdkifiH\NrdKUawmf 0gaqmNrdKUrSm &efolrsm;\ 0ef;&HydwfqdkYwdkufcdkufjcif;udk cHcJhMu&onf/

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Kampinos awmtkyE
f iS hf Modlin cHwyfNrKd UodYk OD;wnfaeonhf Vistula e,fajrwpfavQmufrmS ydv
k efw\
Ykd
vufxrJ mS yif &Sad eao;ygonf/ Modlin cHwyfNrKd U&dcS pH pfrmS 0gaqmNrKd UcHppfaMumif;twGuf tvGet
f a&;
Bu;D vSonhf xGuaf ygufwpfcjk zpfco
hJ nf/

101/ pufwifbmv(16)&ufaeYwGif *smrefAdkvfcsKyfBuD; Blaskowitz OD;pD;onhfwyfzGJUrsm;onf

csw D uf&mvrf;aMumif;&dS NrKd Uta&SUbuf&Sd ydv k efwyfrsm; ae&m,lcpH pfqifxm;onhaf e&mudk odr;f ydu k &f ef
BuKd ;pm;cJah omfvnf; 4if;wd\ Yk acsreI ;f wduk cf ukd rf u I kd wGe;f vSecf ck rH rI sm;ESihf &ifqikd cf &hJ Ny;D atmifjrifrI r&&dS
cJyh g/ Grochow e,fajrwGif jyif;xefpmG wdu k cf u kd cf ck rH rI sm;aMumifh *smreftrSw(f 23)ajcvsiw f yf&if;rSm
ydkveftrSwf(21)ajcvsifwyf&if;\ vHk;0tjrpfjywfacsrIef;jcif;udk cHcJhMu&onf/ Bruza wdkufyGJNyD;qHk;
NyD;aemuf ydkvefwdkY\ Pznan ESifh Pomorze Munf;wyfrawmfrS vufuseftzGJUrsm;onf *smrefwdkY\
0dkif;&HydwfqdkYxm;rIudk xdk;azmufí 0gaqmNrdKUESifh Modlin cHwyfNrdKUodkY a&muf&dScJhMuonf/ ,if;aemuf
cHppfqifol ydv k efwyfrsm;\tiftm;rSm (120000)txd jzpfvmcJyh gonf/ pufwifbmv(22)&ufaeYwiG f
0gaqmNrKd UESihf Modlin cHwyfNrKd U\aemufq;Hk qufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;rSm Vistula NrKd UodYk a&muf&v Sd monfh
*smrefwyfzUJG rsm;\jzwfawmufru I kd cHc&hJ ygonf/

102/ 0gaqmNrKd UrSm aeYa&m? nyg tajrmufrsm;ESihf aumif;uifrS AH;k Buw J ukd cf u
kd rf 'I Pfukd cHc&hJ onf/
toH;k jyKonhv f ufeufrsm;rSm &xm;vrf;zsuv f ufeufBu;D rsm;ESihf pdeaf jymif;rsm;jzpfMuonf/ av,mOf
tkyBf u;D ESpcf v
k ;kH rSmvnf; t&yfom;jynforl sm;ESiphf pfbufypfrw S rf sm;tay: avaMumif;rS tvpf0ifa&muf
acsrIef;rIrsm; jyKvkyfcJhygonf/ pufwifbmv(20)&ufaeYuwnf;u Vistula NrdKU ta&SUbufurf;&dS
wyfzUJG rsm;onf Praga ay:odYk wdu k cf u kd rf rI sm; pwifcMhJ uonf/ 4if;wyfzUJG rsm;tm;vH;k rSm ydv k efwyfzUJG rsm;\
atmifjrifaom wefjyefwu kd cf u kd rf uI kd cHcMhJ u&onf/ pufwifbmv(24)&ufaeYwiG f Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Blaskowitz
\OD;aqmifrIatmufwGif *smrefwyfrsm;tm;vHk;udk 0gaqmNrdKUudkom 0dkif;&HwdkufcdkufcJhMuonf/
pufwifbmv(25)&ufaeYwGif aemufqHk;tqifhjyifqifrIudk pwifaqmif&GufcJhMuNyD; aemufwpf&uf
apmapmü 0gaqmNrKd Uywf0ef;usi&f Sd ydv k efcpH pfaMumif;rsm;udk acsreI ;f a&; pwifcyhJ gonf/ NrKUd \taemuf
bufyikd ;f wGif *smrefwyfr(5)ck\ wdu k cf u kd rf u
I kd cHc&hJ Ny;D NrKd U\ta&SUydik ;f wGif wyfr(4)ck\ wdu k cf u kd jf cif;udk
cHc&hJ ygonf/ ,if;wdu k cf u kd rf u I kd wdu k yf 0JG iftajrmufae&m(70)ae&mrS ypfual y;wdu k cf u kd rf t I ygt0if
tajrmufvufeufBu;D ae&m(80)ae&mESihf trSw(f 1)ESi(hf 4)avwyftyk rf sm;rS ypfual y;wdu k cf u kd rf w I jYkd zifh
tm;jznhx f m;cJyh gonf/ 4if;wdo Yk nf NrKd UtwGi;f jynfoal jrmufrsm;pGm toufq;kH ½H;I aponftxd AH;k BuJ
ypfcwfwu kd cf ukd cf MhJ uonf/ wdu k cf u kd rf rI mS jyefvnfweG ;f vSecf &H Ny;D *smrefwyfrsm;onf 4if;wd\ Yk e*drk v l
ae&modYk jyefvnfqw k cf mG cJ&h ygonf/ aemufwpf&ufnwGif ydv k efwyfzUJG rsm;onf wefjyefwu kd cf u kd rf u I kd

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atmifjrifpmG aqmif&u
G Ef ikd cf NhJ y;D *smrefw\
Ykd ajcukwaf e&mrsm;udk wefjyefwu
kd cf u
kd cf MhJ uonf/ pufwifbmv
(27)&ufaeYwiG f *smrefwo Ykd nf tjcm;aomacsreI ;f a&;wyfrsm;udyk g pkpnf;í wzefjyefvnfwu kd cf u
kd cf hJ
aomfvnf; 4if;wdu k cf u
kd rf rI mS jyefvnfwyfveS cf &hJ Ny;D ESpbf ufwyfrsm;tm; xdcu kd u
f sq;kH rI rsm;jym;apcJh
ygonf/

103/ 0gaqm\ppfa&;tajctaerSm aumif;rGefaeonhftwGuf AdkvfcsKyfBuD; Czuma onf

vHak vmufaomwyfzUJG rsm;udk pkpnf;í NrKd Utm; &ufowåygwfrsm;pGm cHppfqifEikd cf yhJ gonf/ odaYk omfvnf;
t&yfom;jynfolrsm;twGufrl tpma&pmESifhaq;0g;csKdUwJhrIaMumifh xdcdkufaoqHk;rI rsm;jym;cJh&onf/
aomufoHk;a&jzefYa0rIpepfrSmvnf; *smrefwdkY\ AHk;BuJwdkufcdkufrIaMumifh ysufpD;cJh&onhftjyif
0gaqmNrKd Uonf a&o,f,al omufo;kH &eftwGurf mS vnf; AH;k usw J u
kd cf u
kd cf aH e&jcif;aMumifh rjzpfEikd cf yhJ g/
xdt Yk wl enf;AsL[mtajctaerSmvnf; tcuftcJrsm;ESihf BuKH awGUvm&onf/ qdAk , D ufjynfaxmifpk
rSmvnf; ppftwGi;f odYk 0ifa&mufvmcJNh y;D 0gaqmNrKd Uonf Oa&myr[mrdww f \
Ykd axmufyrhH I r&&do S jzifh
NrKd Utm; qufvufcck &H ef tm;enf;vmcJo h nf/

104/ pufwifbmv(26)&ufaeYwiG f 0gaqmNrKd UcHppf\ 'kw, d OD;pD;acgif;aqmif Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Tadeusz
Kutrzeba onf *smrefacgif;aqmifwE Ykd iS hf vufeufcst½H;I ay;&eftwGuf ajymqdak qG;aEG;&ef pwifurf;vSr;f
cJo
h nf/ pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeY(12)em&DwiG f typftcwf&yfpaJ &;oabmwlncD suu f kd vufrw S af &;xd;k
cJNh y;D aemuf wdu
k cf u
kd rf t
I m;vH;k &yfwefcY o hJ nf/ rsm;rMumrDrmS yif 0gaqmNrKd UrSm *smrefwv Ykd ufatmufoYkd
usa&mufc&hJ onf/ pufwifbmv(29)&ufaeYwiG f 0gaqmNrKd U&dS ydv k efwyfrsm;onf 4if;wd\ Yk vufeufBu;D
rsm;udk 0Sux f m;&efEiS hf zsuqf ;D &ef pwifjyKvyk cf MhJ uonf/ pufwifbmv(30)&ufaeYwiG f vufeufcsonhf
ydvk efwyfrsm;onf *smrefw\ Ykd ppfoyYkH ef;tusO;f pcef;odYk pwifyaYkd qmifjcif;cHc&hJ Ny;D aemufwpf&ufwiG f NrKd U
twGi;f odYk *smrefwyfrsm; 0ifa&mufvmcJNh y;D 0gaqmNrKd Utm; 0dik ;f &Hyw d q
f wYkd u
dk cf u
kd jf cif;rSm tqH;k owfchJ
ygonf/

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k efwyfrawmf\ ratmifjrifaomckcrH rI sm;
105/ qdAk , D ufonf pufwifbmv(17)&ufwiG f e,fpyftm; jzwfausm0f ifa&mufco hJ jzifh [pfwvm
pdwaf vmBu;D Ny;D NrKd Uawmftm; odr;f ydu
k &f ef tvsipf vdk qH;k jzwfcahJ vonf/ ydv k efwo Ykd nf NrKd Uawmftm;
umuG,&f eftiftm;rsm; pkrad eNy;D ydv k efppfO;D pD;csKyt f aejzifh aemufq;kH wdik cf ck rH nfjzpfaMumif; aMujim
cJíh jzpfavonf/ NrKd Uawmftm; ½kww f &ufwu kd cf u
kd cf yhJ gu ESpb
f ufwyfrsm;tjyif jynforl sm;yg aoqH;k
Edkifojzifh NrdKUawmft0iftxGufwdkYtm; wyfrsm;ydwfqdkYí ydkvefwyfrsm; vufeufcsap&ef tajrmuf

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ypfcwfjcif;? avaMumif;rS wdu k cf u kd jf cif;jzifh jyKvyk í

f r&ygu tpm;tpmESiahf &jzwf&ef pDpOfavonf/
pufwifbmv(25)&ufaeYwiG f cHppftiftm;aumif;onfah e&mrsm;? axmufyahH &;ae&mrsm;tm; pwif
ypfcwfNy;D ae&mtvdu k f wdu
k cf u kd af pcJo h nf/ pmrsm;BucJ sí pmwGif vufeufcs&efEiS hf ykv
d efwyftaejzifh
ckcEH ikd rf nfr[kwaf Mumif; a&;xm;avonf/ pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeYwiG f vufeufcsa&;owif;ydo Yk jzifh
typftcwf&yfpaJ &;oabmwlncD yhJ gonf/ vufeufcsyt JG m; pufwifbmv(28)&ufaeYwiG f vufrw S f
a&;xdk;cJh&m ydkvefrS ume,f*sife&,fbvpfpudkrpf(cf)u vufrSwfa&;xdk;í *smrefzufrS trSwf(8)
wyfawmfrLS ; vufrw S af &;xd;k cJyh gonf/ 0gaqmwGif tiftm; 120000 vufeufcscahJ vonf/

wduk yf tJG ½H;I ^tjrwf

106/ ydv k efwu kd yf pJG OfwpfavQmufv;kH wGif *smrefwt Ykd aejzifh tompD;jzifh wdu k cf u
kd cf &hJ Ny;D ydv
k efwyfrawmf
tay: atmifycJG cH o hJ nfreS af omfvnf; ay;qyfc&hJ onhw f efz;kd rSm renf;vSay/ ydv k efwyfrawmf\ &J0hH
ajymifajrmufaomckcw H u
kd cf u
kd rf aI Mumifh *smrefwyfom;aygif;(10572)a,muf usq;kH í (30322)a,muf
xdcu kd 'f gPf&m&&dcS u hJ m (3400)a,mufrmS aysmufq;kH cJyh gonf/ ydv k efwbYkd ufrrS l wyfrawmfwpfcv k ;kH
acsreI ;f cHvu kd &f Ny;D ppfonfEpS o f ed ;f ausmf zrf;qD;cHc&hJ ygonf/

ESpb f ufwyfrsm;\tiftm;EdiI ;f ,SOcf suf

107/ *smrefwo Ykd nf ydv k efEikd if tH m; wduk cf u
kd cf &hJ mwGif toH;k jyK&ef owfrw S x
f m;onfrmS wyfr(42)
jzpfonf/ 4if;wyfrrsm;wGif tNrw J rf;wyfrawmf\wyfrrsm;? topfzUJG pnf;xm;aom oHcsyu f mwyfr?
yefZm(10)wyfr yg0ifonf/ yg0ifonhw f yfrrsm;wGif ajcvsiw f yfrtopfwpfc?k ajcvsiw f yfr(24)ck?
awmifay:ypf(3)wyfr? oHcsyu f m(6)wyfr? tayghpm;(4)wyfr? ,mOfwifajcvsiw f yfr(4)wyfr jrif;pD;
wyfr[mwpfckwdkY yg0ifonf/ taemufbufppfrsufESmpmwGif tNrJwrf;wyfr(11)ck? wpfcsKdUcHwyf,l
xm;onhw f yfrsm;udk wyfrtiftm;tjzpf zGUJ pnf;xm;av&m (72)wyfr &daS vonf/ 'kw, d ESiphf wkwå
tqifhtwef;&dSwyftoifhyg0ifonhf(35)wyfryg0ifNyD; oHcsyfumESifh,mOfwifwyfrrsm; ryg0ifay/
xdaYk Mumifh taemufbufe,fajrwGif pkpak ygif;wyfr(46)ck&NSd y;D tiftm; 4 yHk 3 yHo k nf wdu k yf 0JG ifEikd o
f nhf
tajctaewGi&f o Sd nf/ avwyfwiG v f nf; avwyftyk pf Bk u;D (2)ck&&Sd mwGif tiftm;enf;onht f yk pf u k kd
taemufbufe,fajrwGif xm;&do S nf/ ydvk efEikd if tH m; wdu k cf u kd cf &hJ mwGif wyfawmfp(k 2)pkjzifh wdu k cf u kd Nf y;D
ab;eHryS wfí wdu k cf u
kd cf yhJ gonf/ 2xyf e*g;ywfwu kd pf pfjzifh wdu k cf ukd Nf y;D tv,fyikd ;f ae&mtm; zGix hf m;
cJyh gonf/ wyfawmfpak wmifwiG f tNrw J rf;ajcvsiw f yfr(15)ck? awmifay:ypftajrmufwyfr(3)ck? topf
pkaqmif;xm;onhf wyfr(8)ck(,EÅ&m;tiftm; trsm;qHk;yg0ifonf)? oHcsyfumwyfr(4)ck? tayghpm;

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wyfr(4)ck? ,mOfwifajcvsiw f yfr(2)ckwYkd yg0ifonf/ tNrwJ rf;ajcvsiwf yfr(9)ck? ajcvsiw

f yfr(8)ck
(vIy&f mS ;vG,u
f rl t
I ay: rlwnfzUJG pnf;xm;onhw f yfrjzpfonf)? oHcsyu
f mwyfr(2)ck? ,mOfwifajcvsif
wyfr(2)ck? jrif;pD;wyfr[m(1)ckwYkd yg0ifonf/

108/ ydv
k efppftiftm;pkzUJG rIrmS ajcvsiw
f yfr(31)ck? jrif;pD;wyfr[m(11)ck? awmifay:ypftajrmuf
wyfr[m(1)ck? oHcsyu
f mwyfr[m(2)ck? e,fjcm;apmifw h yf-wyf&if;tcsKUd &dyS gonf/ avwyfwiG f acwfrrD
awmhonhf av,mOf(1000)cefY &dyS gonf/

ydv
k efEikd if pH pf½;IH edrjhf cif;ESiehf ,fajrrsm;cGpJ w d cf &H jcif;
109/ *smrPD-qdAk , D ufpmcsKyu f kd ppfBu;D rjzpfrwD pfywfceft
Y vdMk o*kwv
f (23)&ufaeYu csKyqf ckd MhJ u&mü
[pfwvmonf ydv k efukd 0ifwu kd &f ef ,wdjywfq;kH jzwfNy;D jzpfí wpfzufrS qdAk ,
D uftEÅ&m,fukd BuKd wif
umuG,af omtm;jzifh csKyq f ckd jhJ cif;jzpf\/ pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeYwiG f ydv k efw\Ykd 0gaqmNrKd UawmfrmS
*smrefwdkY\vufwGif;odkY usa&mufoGmawmhonf/

110/ qdAk , D ufrS pwmvifonf [pfwvmtay: vufwpfv;kH jcm;vSnpfh m;í tEdik , f v

l u
kd cf o
hJ nf/
pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeYEiS (hf 28)&ufaeUrsm;wGif armfpudu k &ifrvifeef;awmfü usi;f ycJah omaqG;aEG;yGJ
rsm;wGif ydv
k efEikd if u
H *smrPDEiS q
hf Akd ,
D ufwYkd cGaJ 0odr;f ydu k &f ef ndE§ iId ;f Mu&mü pwmvif\awmif;qdck suf
t& ydvk efEikd if \
H e,fajrxuf0ufe;D yg;rQ qdAk , D ufwt Ykd m; ay;tyfcMhJ u&onf/

111/ txl;ojzifh ydv k efEikd if \

H t"dua&eHxu
G &f mjzpfaom abm&pfpvufa'orSm qdAk ,D ufwx Ykd o
H Ykd
ygoGm;cJí
h abmvwpfyifv,fbufodYk xGuaf ygufjzpfaom e,fajrrsm;udv k nf; *smrefwuYkd qdAk ,
D uf
wdt
Yk m; ay;tyfcMhJ u&onf/

112/ [pfwvmonf vGwv f yfaom ydv

k eftpd;k &zGUJ pnf;&efrvd[
k al om pwmvif\tqdjk yKcsuu f ykd if
vufcHcJh&onf/ pwmvifu vGwfvyfaom ydkveftpdk;&zGJUpnf;jcif;jzifh *smrefESifhqdkAD,ufwdkYtMum;
uGjJ ym;jcm;em;rI jzpfEikd o
f nf[k taMumif;jycJo
h nf/ pifppf vGwv f yfaomydv k eftpd;k & zGUJ pnf;cJyh grl 4if;tpd;k &
onf *smrefw\ Ykd ½kyaf o;tpd;k &omvQif jzpfaernfukd pwmvifu od&aSd eNy;D jzpfygonf/ þodt Yk m;jzifh
MopBwD;,m;? csufudkpvdkAm;uD;,m; paomwdkif;jynfrsm;uJhodkY *smrefwdkYonf ydkvefwGif *smrefwdkY\
usL;ausmrf u I kd w&m;0ifaxmufcrH &I ,lMuOD;rnfukd pwmvifu &dyrf Nd y;D jzpfonf/

113/ pufwifbmv(27)(28)&ufaeYrsm;wGif tjyeftvSeaf qG;aEG;cJMh uNy;D aemuf pwmvif\ txufyg

awmif;qdck surf sm;udk vdu
k af vsmcJNh y;D (29)&ufaeYwiG f ydv
k efEiS yhf wfoufaom qdAk ,
D uf*smrPDEpS Ef ikd if H
oabmwlncD suu f kd vufrw S af &;xd;k cJMh uonf/
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114/ ykv d efEikd if u
H kd odr;f ydu
k Nf y;D aemuf *smrefwo
Ykd nf 1939 ckEpS ?f atmufwb kd mvqef;ü taemufbuf
ppfrsuEf mS wGif wdu k cf u
kd &f ef ñTeMf um;csurf sm;udk [pfwvmu xkwjf yefcahJ vonf/ 1940 ckEpS ?f arv
xJwGif taemufbufodkY ppfudk jyKvkyfcJh\/ xdkppfudk *smrefwdkYonf b,fv*sD,efawmifydkif;rS pwif
cJo
h nf/ 4if;rS jyifopfviG jf yifrsm;qDoYkd xd;k azmufco hJ nf/ a[mfvefEikd if u
H rkd l arv(10)&ufaeYwiG f NrKd Uawmf
a[h*Ef iS q
hf ufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;A[dak e&m a&mhwm'rfukd avxD;wyfrsm;ESiw hf pfNyKd ief uf wdu
k cf u
kd cf o
hJ nf/
ruf*saD eYcw H yfwiG f wG,u f yfaeaom jyifopfwyfrsm;udk jzwfawmuf wdu k cf u kd cf MhJ u\/ þodjYk zifh jyifopf
wyfrsm;udk atmifEidk cf \ hJ /

115/ aemufEpS rf sm;wGif *smrefwo Ykd nf qufvufatmifyrJG sm; &cJ\ h / yxrESpw f iG f a[mfvefa'owGif
atmifEikd cf o hJ nf/ xdaYk emufyikd ;f ½k&mS ;ü atmifyJG &cJ\ h / 1941 ckEpS w f iG f ajymifajrmufaomatmifyrJG sm;
&&daS pumrl *smrefwYkd edru hf svmrIrmS NAwd ed w
f ukd yf rJG S pwifco hJ nf/ ,if;qH;k ½H;I rIukd jrpfzsm;cHvukd af omtcg
'gef;uwJwiG f atmifycJG &H ef vufwpfurf;tvdw k iG f &yfwef&Y ef trdeaYf y;cJjh cif;aMumifh r[mrdww f yfrsm;tm;
acsmifyw d af csreI ;f Edik rf nfh tcGit hf a&; vufvw G q f ;kH ½H;I cJrh rI S pwifco hJ nf[k qd&k ayrnf/ *smrefwyfrsm;onf
jyifopfwyfrsm;? b,fv*f s, D efwyfrsm;ESihf a[mfvefwyfrsm;udk tEdik w f u kd u
f m NrKd UBu;D rsm;tm;vH;k udk odr;f ydu
k f
Edik cf o
hJ nf/

116/ 1940 ckESpf? {NyDv(9)&ufaeYwGif atmfpvdk? emApfNrdKUrsm;wGif *smrefwdkY urf;wufwdkufcdkufNyD;

'de;f rwftm; odr;f ydu
k cf \
hJ / aemfa0tm; wdu k cf u
kd &f m ZGev f wGif &&Scd \
hJ / þodjYk zifh emApfraS eí pydeef ,fpyf
txd twåvEÅw d u f rf;ajcwpfcv k ;kH onf *smrefwv Ykd ufatmufoYkd usqif;cJyh gonf/ qufvufí f NAwd ed f
uRe;f ay:odYk urf;wufwu kd cf u
kd &f ef ppfqifa&;pDru H ed ;f ]yifv,fjcaoFph pfqifa&;}tm; a&;qGí J Zlvikd v
f
(16)&ufaeYwiG f vufeufuikd w f yfrsm;tjzpf OD;pD;csKy½f ;kH odYk [pfwvmu ñTeMf um;csuaf y;cJ\ h /

117/ *smrefwo Ykd nf Oa&mywpfciG w f iG f xdu

k ohJ Ykd tpydik ;f u ppfa&;atmifjrifrrI sm; wpfcNk y;D wpfck &cJh
aomfvnf; NAw d ed w f ukd yf ?JG t,fvt
f mvmrde;f wdu k yf ?JG pwmvif*&ufwu kd yf ?JG armfpudw
k u kd yf ?JG aemfref'w D ukd yf JG
tm'if;wdu k yf w JG w
Ykd iG f *smrefwYkd tzd;k Bu;D pGmaom ppfa&;½H;I edrrhf rI sm;ESihf &ifqikd cf &hJ ygonf/ ,if;odt Yk a&;edrjhfcif;
taMumif;&if;rSm [pfwvmudk qefYusifawmfvSefMuaom vlrsKd;rsm;\tpGrf;aMumifh jzpf&onfxuf
usL;ausmw f ukd cf u kd o f t l wGuf ra&SmifrvGo J maom rEdik 0f efxrf;rdonh'f PfaMumifjh zpf&jcif;jzpfygonf/
vltiftm;ESirhf rQatmif us,jf yefaY ome,fajrudk wdu k cf u
kd &f ojzifh vdo k nfxufyí kd wyfuq kd efyY pf&um
t½H;I ESi&hf ifqikd &f jcif;yifjzpfygonf/

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tcef; (5)
General Johannes Blaskowikz \wdkufyGJuGyfuJrIESifh
General Walerian Czuma \wdkufyGJuGyfuJrIwdkYtm;
EdIif;,SOfoHk;oyfjcif;

General Johannes Blaskowikz \wdkufyGJuGyfuJrI

118/ 1939 ckESpf? pufwifbmv(8)&ufaeYrSpí *smrefwyfrsm;onf 0gaqmNrdKUtm; pwifí
wdkufcdkufcJh&m puffwifbmv(15)&ufaeYwGif 0gaqmNrdKUrSm *smrefwdkY\ 0dkif;&HydwfqdkYjcif; cHcJh&onf/
pufwifbmv(16)&ufaeYwiG f General BlaskowikzOD;pD;onhf wyfzUJG rsm;onf NrKd Uta&SUbuf&Sd ydv k ef
wyfrsm; ae&m,lcpH pfqifxm;onhaf e&mudk odr;f ydu k &f ef BuKd ;pm;cJah omfvnf; 4if;wd\ Yk acsreI ;f wdu k cf u
kd rf u
I kd
ckcw
H eG ;f vSerf rI sm;ESihf &ifqikd cf &hJ Ny;D atmifjrifrI r&&dcfS yhJ g/ Bruza wdu k yf NJG y;D qH;k Ny;D aemuf ydv k efw\ Ykd Poznan
ESifh Pomorze Munf;wyfrawmfrv S ufusetf zGUJ rsm;onf *smrefw\ Ykd 0dik ;f &Hyw d q
f x
Ykd m;rIukd xd;k azmufí
0gaqmNrKd UESihf Modlin cHwyfNrKd UodYk a&muf&cSd MhJ uonf/ cHppfqifol ydv k efwyfrsm;\tiftm;rSm (120000)
txd jzpfvmcJo h nf/ pufwifbmv(22)&ufaeYwiG f 0gaqmNrKd UESihf Modlin cHwyfNrKd U\ qufo, G af &;
vrf;aMumif;rSm Vistula NrKd UodYk a&muf&v Sd monhf *smrefwyfzUJG rsm;\ jzwfawmufru I kd cHc&hJ onf/

119/ General Blaskowikz onf *smrefwyfawmf(8)tm; uGyfuJcJhNyD; pufwifbm(24)&ufwGif

4if;\OD;aqmifraI tmufü *smrefwyfrsm;tm;vH;k udk 0gaqmNrKd Uudo k m 0dik ;f &Hwu
kd cf u
kd cf MhJ uonf/ 0gaqmNrKd UrSm
aeYa&mnyg tajrmufrsm;? aumif;uifrS AHk;BuJwdkufcdkufrIrsm;? &xm;vrf;zsuf vufeufBuD;rsm;jzifh
t&yfom;jynforl sm;ESiphf pfbufypfrw S rf sm;tay: tvpf0ifa&muf ypfcwfacsreI ;f rIrsm; jyKvyk cf yhJ gonf/
trSw(f 8)wyfawmfonf yefZmwyfrBu;D (1)ck? ,mOfwifwyfrBu;D (1)ck? ajcvsiw f yfrBu;D (2)ckwYkd yg0ifí
vd'k v
hJ rf;aMumif;rS 0gaqmodYk wdu k cf ukd &f efjzpfonf/ pufwifbmv (25)&ufaeYwiG f aemufq;kH tqifh
jyifqifru I kd pwifaqmif&u G cf MhJ uNy;D aemufwpf&ufapmapmü 0gaqmNrKd U ywf0ef;usi&f Sd ydv k efcpH pfaMumif;
rsm;udk acsreI ;f a&; pwifygonf/ NrKd U\taemufyikd ;f wGif *smreDwyfr(5)ck wdrYk v S nf;aumif;? NrKd Uta&SUydik ;f rSm
wyfr(4)ckw\ Ykd wdu
k cf u
kd jf cif;udv k nf;aumif; jyKvyk cf o hJ nf/

120/ ,if;wdkufcdkufrItm; wdkufyGJ0iftajrmufae&m(70)ae&mrS ypfulay;wdkufcdkufrItygt0if

tajrmufvufeufBu;D ae&m(80)ae&mESihf trSw(f 1)ESi(hf 4)avwyftyk w
f rYkd S ypfual y;wdu
k cf u
kd rf w
I jYkd zifh
tm;jznhfxm;cJhygonf/ ydkvefwyfzGJUrsm;onf *smrefwdkY\ajcukwfae&mrsm;udk wdkufcdkufcJhMuonf/
pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeYwGif *smrefwdkYonf tjcm;aomacsrIef;a&;wyfrsm;udkyg pkpnf;í wpfzef

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jyefvnfwu kd cf u
kd cf ahJ omfvnf; 4if;wdu
k cf u
kd rf rI mS wyfvefc&hJ Ny;D ESpb
f ufwyfrsm; xdcu
kd u
f sq;kH rI rsm;ap
cJyh gonf/

121/ wdu k yf t JG wGi;f &dS NrKd UolNrKd Uom;rsm;rSm tpma&pmjywfvyfjcif;? aq;0g;csKUd wJjh cif;? aomufo;kH a&
&Sm;yg;jcif;wdYk jzpfymG ;vmcJNh y;D enf;AsL[mtajctaersm;rSmvnf; tcuftcJEiS Bhf uKH awGUvm&onf/ Oa&my
r[mrdwfwdkY\axmufyHhrI r&&dSojzifh NrdKUtm; qufvufckcHumuG,f&ef tm;enf;vmNyD; pufwifbm
(26)&ufaeYwGif vufeufcs&ef urf;vSrf;cJhNyD; pufwifbm(27)&ufwGif typftcwf&yfpJa&;oabm
wlnDcsuf vufrSwfa&;xdk;um 0gaqmNrdKUonf *smreDwdkYvufatmufodkY usa&mufcJh&onf/ wdkufyGJ
Ny;D aomtcg wyfawmf(8)rS tusO;f om;(90000)ESihf ra&rwGuEf ikd af omppfypön;f rsm; odr;f qnf;&rd
avonf/

General Walerian Czuma \wdkufyGJuGyfuJrI

123/ 1939 ckEpS ?f 0gaqmwdu k yf w
JG iG f Adv
k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma \ vufatmufwyfrsm;onf 0gaqmNrKd Uü
ajcvsiw f yf&if;(4)&if;ESit hf ajrmufrsm; ae&mcsxm;onfah e&mwpfco k m use&f cSd yhJ gonf/ t&yfom;rsm;\
Bud K ;pm;tm;xk w f r I r sm;ES i f h 0gaqmNrd K UwG i f ay:ayguf a eonh f pd k ; &d r f a Mumuf v ef Y r I r sm;tm;
xdef;csKyfaqmif&Guf&ef AdkvfcsKyfBuD; Czuma onf 0gaqmNrdKU\ t&yfom;EdkifiHa&;rSL;tjzpf Stetan
Starzynski tm; cefYtyfygonf/ ppfajrjyifcHppfvkyfief;rsm;udk NrdKUtaemufbufwGif rsm;pGmjyifqif
wnfaqmufcJhonf/ wjznf;jznf;ESifh AdkvfcsKyfBuD; Czuma \ wyfzGJUrsm;onf a&SUajy;wyfzGJU0ifrsm;?
a&SUcHppfpnf;rS qkwcf mG vmolrsm;ESihf tiftm;jznhw f if;vmcJyh gonf/ pufwifbmv(8)&ufaeY eHeufwiG f
0gaqmNrKd U qifajczH;k &yfuu G rf sm;udk *smreftrSw(f 14)yefZmwyfrBu;D \wyfzUJG rsm;u odr;f ydu k cf MhJ uonf/
tqdyk gacsreI ;f a&;wGif jyif;xefaom wefjyefweG ;f vSerf EI iS hf &ifqikd &f Ny;D *smrefwyfzUJG rsm;rSm xdcu kd u f sq;kH rI
rsm;pGm BuHKawGUcJh&ygonf/ aumif;rGefonhfae&mrsm;wGif csxm;onhf ydkvefwifhum;&efumuG,fa&;
vufeufrsm;ESifh vrf;rsm;ay:wGifcsxm;aom vlvkyfuwkwftwm;tqD;rsm;onf *smrefwyfrsm;\
acsreI ;f a&;udk vefusomG ;apcJjh yefonf/ vufeufrsm; wyfqifrrI mS rsm;pGmr&daS omfvnf; uRr;f usirf jI zifh
wdkufcdkufa&;udk wDxGiftm;jznhfcJhMuonf/ NrdKUv,facgifodkY OD;wnfazmufvkyfxm;onhf vrf;rwpfck
ay:wGif wmyifwikd rf sm; avmif;csxm;Ny;D &efo*l smrefwifu h m;rsm; csO;f uyfvmaomtcg 4if;tqDrsm;udk
rD;&dUI vdu
k jf cif;jzifh aoewfwpfcsurf ypfazmuf&bJ &efow l ifuh m;rsm;udk rD;avmifzsuq f ;D Edik cf yhJ gonf/
*smrefwyfrsm;rSm xdcu kd af oaMurIrsm; BuKH awGUcJ&h Ny;D acsreI ;f a&;wGif yg0ifco hJ nhf trSw(f 4)yefZmwyfrrS
wifu h m;(220)pD;cef&Y o Sd nft h euf (80)pD;cefY ysupf ;D qH;k ½H;I cJ&h ygonf/

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124/ Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma onf ajcvsiw f yfr(2)ckEiS n hf rD Qaom ppftiftm;udk pkaqmif;&&dcS yhJ gonf/
4if;\wyfzUJG wGif tajrmuf(64)vufEiS hf wifu h m;(33)pD;&dyS gonf/ pufwifbmv(8)&ufaeYwiG f *smref
wyfzUJG rsm;onf 0gaqmESihf Modlin cHwyfNrKd UwGif ckcu H muG,af eonhf ydv k efwyfrsm;tm;vnf;aumif;?
0gaqmNrdKUESifh Pilica jrpftMum;&dS Narew NrdKUESifh Vistula NrdKUwdkYwGif cHppfqifaeonhf ydkvefwyfrsm;udk
vnf;aumif; wdu k cf ukd &f ef zGUJ pnf;pDpOfcyhJ gonf/ xdt k csed w f iG f Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Czuma onf 'kw, d Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D
Julian Janowski OD;pD;onhf NrKd Uta&SUbuf&w Sd yfEiS hf 'kw,d Adv k rf LS ;Bu;D Porwit OD;pD;onhf taemufbufwyf
rsm;udk qufvufO;D pD;cJyh gonf/ pufwifbmv(11)&ufaeYwiG f ydv k efumuG,af &;OD;pD;csKyu f 0gaqmNrKd UwGif
&do
S rQtiftm;jzifh pkyckH ck &H ef trdeaYf y;cJyh gonf/ *smrefw\ Ykd jyif;xefaom wdu k cf ukd rf aI Mumifh ydv k efw\ Ykd
wefjyefx;kd ppfrmS usq;kH cJ&h Ny;D awmifbufoYkd qkwcf mG cJMh u&onf/ Narew jrpfe,fajr&dS Adv k cf sKyBf u;D Juliusz
Zulauf OD;pD;onhf ydv k efwyf&if;rsm;rSmvnf; qkwcf mG cJ&h Ny;D 0gaqmNrKd UodYk pufwifbmv(14)&ufaeYwiG f
a&muf&cSd MhJ uonf/ Grochow e,fajrwGif jyif;xefpmG wdu k cf u kd cf ck rH rI sm;aMumifh *smreftrSw(f 23)ajcvsif
wyf&if;rSm ydv k eftrSw(f 21)ajcvsiw f yf&if;\ vH;k 0tjrpfjywfacsreI ;f jcif;udk cHcMhJ u&onf/

125/ pufwifbmv(25)&ufaeYwiG f aemufq;kH tqifjh yifqifru I kd aqmif&uG cf MhJ uNy;D aemufwpf&uf

apmapmü 0gaqmNrdKUywf0ef;usif&dS ydkvefcHppfaMumif;rsm;udk acsrIef;&ef pwifcJhonf/ aemufwpf&uf
nwGif ydkvefwyfzGJUrsm;onf wefjyefwdkufcdkufrIudk atmifjrifpGm aqmif&GufEdkifcJhNyD; &efol*smrefwdkY\
ajcukwaf e&mrsm;udk wefjyefwu kd cf ukd cf MhJ uonf/ pufwifbm(27)&ufaeYwiG f *smrefwo Ykd nf tjcm;aom
acsreI ;f a&;wyfrsm;udyk g pkpnf;í wzefjyefvnfwu kd cf u
kd cf ahJ omfvnf; 4if;wdu
k cf u
kd rf rI mS jyefvnfwyfvef
cJ&h Ny;D ESpb
f ufwyfrsm;tm; xdcu kd uf sq;kH rIrsm;jym;apcJyh gonf/

126/ 0gaqm\ppfa&;tajctaerSmvnf; aumif;rGefaeonhftwGuf AdkvfcsKyfBuD; Czumaonf

vHak vmufonhw f yfzUJG rsm;udk pkpnf;í NrKd Utm; &ufowåygwfrsm;pGm cHppfqifEikd cf yhJ gonf/ odaYk omfvnf;
t&yfom;jynforl sm;twGurf l tpma&pmESiahf q;0g;csKUd wJrh aI Mumifh xdcu kd af oqH;k rI Bu;D rm;rsm;jym;cJ&h onf/
pufwifbmv(27)&ufaeY (12)em&DwiG f typftcwf&yfpaJ &;oabmwlncD suv f ufrw S af &;xd;k cJNh y;D aemuf
wdu
k cf u
kd rf t
I m;vH;k &yfwefcY o
hJ nf/ rsm;rMum;rDrmS yif 0gaqmNrKUd rSm &efo*l smrefvufatmuf usa&mufchJ
&ygonf/

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ppfatmif&maomtaMumif;BuD;rsm;ESifhEdIif;,SOfoHk;oyfjcif;
127/ ydv k efEikd if H 0gaqmwdu k yf t
JG m; ppfatmif&maomtaMumif;Bu;D rsm;jzifh EdiI ;f ,SOí f atmufygtwdik ;f
oH;k oyfawGU&d&S rnfjzpfygonf-
(u) &nf&G,fcsufwdusckdifNrJjcif;/ *smrefwyfrsm;onf ydv k efEikd if tH m; rjzpfrae wdu k cf u kd f
odrf;ydkufNyD; 0gaqmNrdKUawmftm; odrf;ydkuf&efqdkonhf &nf&G,fcsuftm; rjzpfrae
tpGr;f ukef BuKd ;yrf;aqmif&u G Nf y;D ydv
k efwyfrawmftaejzifh 4if;\Edik if t H m; umuG,&f ef
[laom&nf&, G cf suuf kd cdik rf mpGmxde;f odr;f &Edik rf I r&dcS ahJ y/ &efou l rdrx d uf wyef;omaom
tajctae a&muf&aSd tmif BuKd ;yrf;aepOf rdru d cHppfqif&ef jyifqifxm;jcif;onf Edik if u H kd
umuG,&f ef[al om&nf&, G cf suu f kd cdik rf mpGm? NrNJ rpH mG rqkwu f ikd jf cif;aMumifh ppf½;IH &jcif;
jzpfygonf/ *smrefwyfrsm;taejzifh tqrwef omvGefaom ppftiftm;toHk;jyKí
4if;wd\ Yk &nf&, G cf sutf m; atmifjrifatmif aqmif&u G jf cif;jzpfonf/

( c) pdwf"gwfBuHUcdkifaumif;rGejf cif;/ taemufEik d if rH sm;rS ppfatmif&aomtaMumif;Bu;D rsm;wGif

þOya'udk rsm;aomtm;jzifh xnho f iG ;f jcif;r&daS y/ t*Fvyd w f o
Ykd nfyifvQif 1924 ckEpS f
aemufyikd ;f ü xnho f iG ;f cJjh cif;jzpfonf/ od&Yk mwGif wdu k yf w
JG pfcük wdu k yf 0JG ifppfonftm;vH;k \
pdw"f gwfonf rnfrQta&;ygaMumif;udk ppfordik ;f rsm;u oufaojyvsu&f ySd gonf/ *smref
wyfrsm;taejzifh ydkvefEdkifiHtm; wdkufcdkuf&mwGif vlopf? pdwfopfenf;AsL[mtopf?
vufeuftopf ponfwkdYjzifh wdkufcdkufcJh&ojzifhvnf;aumif;? acgif;aqmiftm;
,HMk unfNy;D wdu k cf u kd cf &hJ ojzifv h nf;aumif; ydrk í kd pdw"f gwfBuUH cdik af ecJyh gonf/ ydv k efwyf
rsm;wGif rlvppfenf;AsL[mtwdkif; wdkufcdkufcJh&aomaMumihf &uftenf;i,ftwGif;
NyKd uNJG y;D Edik if t
H m; olwpfyg;vufwiG ;f odYk usa&mufcahJ omfvnf; Edik if aH wmftm; umuG,&f ef
[laom pdw"f gwfjzifh 0gaqmNrKd Uawmfusq;kH csed t f xd wpfO;D csi;f ? wpfzUJG csi;f tpDtpOfjzifh
ckcw H u kd cf u kd cf ahJ Mumif; awGU&ygonf/

( *) tiftm;udk vdkoavmufompkpnf;toHk;jyKjcif;/ 0gaqmNrdKUodrf;wdkufyGJpOfwGif

qdkAD,ufrS ydkvefta&SUbuftm; 0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufojzifh [pfwvmrSm pdwfylyefNyD;
0gaqmNrdKUtm; 0ifwdkufcdkif;cJhygonf/ odkYaomf NrKdUawmftm; wdkufcdkuf&ef jyKvkyfygu
jynfowl Ykd aoqH;k Edik Nf y;D rdrv
d nf; &eforl S usm;emcJ cJygu xdcu
kd rf I rsm;Edik o
f jzifh NrKd Uawmf
t0iftxGuf ydwfqdkYum &efoltm; vufeufcsap&ef pDpOfvdkaMumif; [pfwvmtm;
wifjycJyh gonf/ [pfwvmrS vufccH NhJ y;D pufwifbmv(25)&ufaeYwiG f tiftm;aumif;

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aom cHppfaxmufyHha&;ae&mrsm;tm; pwifypfcwfwdkufcdkufcJhNyD; pufwifbmv

(26)&ufaeYwiG f pmrsm;BucJ svufeufcscikd ;f cJ&h m pufwifbm(27)&ufaeYwiG f typftcwf
&yfpcJ yhJ gonf/ pufwifbm(28)&ufwiG f ydv k efEidk if oH nf vufeufcscyhJ gonf/ þonfukd
Munhjf cif;tm;jzifh *smrefwo Ykd nf tiftm;udk tv[orjzKe;f wD;bJ vdt k yfoavmufom
oH;k pGcJ hJ ojzifh t&if;tES;D rrsm;bJ ppfyu JG kd atmifEikd cf o hJ nf/
(C) wdkufppfqifEdkifpGrf;&dSjcif;/ *smrefwyfrawmfonf ydkveftm; wdkufcdkuf&mwGif
awmufavsmufwdkufppfqifí tajctae zefwD;EdkifcGifhudk &,lcJhygonf/ xdkYaMumifh
vufeufuikd w f yfzUJG rsm; vGwv f yfpmG vkyu f ikd af qmif&u G Ef ikd Nf y;D &efot l ay: pdww f ikd ;f us
cs,v f , S Ef ikd cf yhJ gonf/ ydv k efwyfrsm;onf cHppfqifae&ojzifh tusK;d cHpm;cGihf r&&dcS ahJ y/
4if;tjyif 1939 ckESpf? pufwifbmv(1)&ufaeY ydkvefEdkifiHtm; ppfaMujimjcif;r&dSbJ
½kww f &uf 0ifa&mufwu kd cf u kd cf sed rf pS í wdu k pf pft[kef r&yfrem;wdu k cf u kd cf o
hJ jzifh *smref
wd\
Yk xd;k ppft[keu f kd ydv
k efwrYkd S rcHEikd b f J ppf½;IH edrchf &hJ onf/ *smrefwo Ykd nf Bu;D rm;omvGef
aomypfuyl pftm;wdjYk zifh ydv k eftm; tcGit hf a&;ray;bJ vQijf refpmG wdu k pf pfqifEikd jf cif;
onf ppfatmifEikd af &;twGuf ta&;ygaomtcsujf zpfcahJ yonf/

( i) vG,fulpGmvIyf&Sm;Edkifjcif;/ þOya'orSm &efox l uf vsijf refpmG ppfupm;Edik jf cif;yif

jzpfygonf/ tESpo f m&tm;jzifh &efox l uf vufO;D rI&&daS &;yifjzpfonf/ txufwu kd yf pJG Of
rsm;tm; avhvmMunhjf cif;jzifh *smrefwyfrsm;tm; vsijf refpmG vIy&f mS ;a&TUajymif;í &efou l kd
0dik ;f &Hyw
d q
f w
Ykd ukd cf ukd Ef ikd o
f jzifh tEdik ,
f wl u
kd cf ukd Ef ikd cf yhJ gonf/ 4if;tjyif ydv k efviG jf yifonf
vG,fuloGm vIyf&Sm;Edkif&ef taxmuftuljyKcJhygonf/ *smrefwyfrsm;onf 4if;wdkY\
&nfreS ;f csuw f m0efjzpfajrmufa&;twGuf ydv k efwx Ykd uf vsijf refpmG vIy&f mS ;Edik cf ahJ Mumif;
awGU&d&S ygonf/

( p) vHkNcHKrI&dSjcif;/ vHNk cKH r&I jSd cif;qd&k mwGif pDrcH sujf yKvyk u
f wnf;u jzpfay:awGUBuKH &Edik o f nhf
ab;tEÅ&m,freS o f rQukd BuKd wifwu G cf suNf y;D t&m&mudk vHNk cKH ap&ef pDpOfxm;jcif;jzpfyg
onf/ ydv k efwukd yf w
JG iG f *smrefwyfrsm;tm; a&SUumwyf? ab;eH? aemuf&?H a&SU&Hwyfrsm;
pepfwuszUJG pnf;í vHNk cKH ru I kd t"duxm;aqmif&u G cf o
hJ jzifh atmifjrifcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf/

(q) tidkufzrf;Edkifjcif;/ tidu

k zf rf;Edik jf cif;aMumifh &efo\
l pdw"f gwfajcmufjcm;Ny;D tpDtrH
ysufí z½dkz&Jjzpfojzifh atmifjrifrI&&dSEdkifygonf/ &efolrarQmfvifhonhftcsufudk

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oHk;jcif;onf tidkufzrf;&ef vG,fulygonf/ tidkufzrf;Edkif&eftwGuf wpfzuf&efol

taejzifh vH;k 0rarQmv f ifah omtcsed ?f rarQmv f ifah omae&m? rarQmv
f ifah omvrf;aMumif;?
rarQmvf ifah omwyftrsK;d tpm;ESihf rarQmv f ifah omppfenf;AsL[m toH;k jyKwu
kd cf u
kd &f rnf
jzpfygonf/ *smrefwyfrsm;onf ydv k efwyfrsm; toifrh jzpfrD tvpf0ifa&mufwu kd cf u
kd cf hJ
ojzifh tidu k zf rf;rItusK;d &&dcS ahJ yonf/

( Z) owif;pHkpGm&,ljcif;/ *smrefwt Ykd aejzifh ydvk efEikd if \

H a&ajrobm0taMumif; pHv k ifpmG
&&dNS y;D jzpf\/ okjYd zpfí ydv
k efEikd if t
H m; wduk cf ukd &f mwGif awmifbufrS t"duppfaMumif;jzifh
vnf;aumif;? ajrmufbufrS t"dur[kwaf om ppfaMumif;jzifv h nf;aumif; rSeu
f efpmG
wdu
k pf pf qifEikd cf yhJ gonf/

( ps) ajymif;vG,fjzpfvG,f&dSjcif;/ *smrefwdkYonf oHcsyfum,EÅ&m;wyfrsm; toHk;jyKí

vsijf refpmG vIy&f mS ;íwdu
k cf u
kd Ef ikd o
f jzifh ppfenf;AsL[mESi&hf nfreS ;f csurf sm;? vrf;aMumif;
rsm;udk vsijf refpmG ajymi;fvpJ pfupm;Edik o f jzifh ydv
k efwu
kd yf w
JG iG f ppfa&;tompD;&&dcS jhJ cif;
jzpfygonf/

(n) ndE§ idI ;f yl;aygif;aqmif&u G jf cif;/ [pfwvmonf ydv k efukd wdu k cf u

kd &f mwGif ta&SUjcrf;tm;
pdwcf spmG vGwv f w G vf yfvyfppfqifEikd cf \ hJ / xdt
Yk jyif *smrefwyfrawmftwGi;f wGiv f nf;
ajcvsifwyf? avwyf? oHcsyfum,EÅ,m;wyfwdkYonf pepfwusnd§EdIif;NyD; [efcsufnD
aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf \hJ / ajcvsiw f yfrsm; csw D uf&mvrf;wavQmuf &efoal vaMumif;pd;k rd;k rIukd
*smrefav,mOfrsm;u aumif;pGm½du k cf sK;d zsuqf ;D Edik cf \hJ / ydvk efuefumrsm;udk oHcsyu f m
wyfrrsm;u zsuq f ;D Edik cf \hJ / þuJo h Ykd [efcsun f n D E§d iId ;f yl;aygif;aqmif&u G rf aI Mumifh ydv
k ef
wdu k yf w JG iG f *smrefwYkd atmifycJG EH ikd cf jhJ cif;jzpfygonf/

( #) tkyfcsKyfaxmufyHhrIaumif;jcif;/ ydv k efwukd yf JG rpwifrD ppfjyifqifcsed u f xJu *smref

wdkYonf tkyfcsKyfaxmufyhHrIrsm;twGuf vdktyfonfrsm; BudKwifjyifqifcJhygonf/
av,mOfrsm;twGuf qDrsm;? tajrmufwyfzUJG rsm;twGuf tajrmufusnrf sm;? oHcsyu f m
,mOfrsm;twGuf qDrsm;udk jynhfpHkpGmpDpOfNyD; wdkufcdkufonhftwGuf xkd;ppft[kefrSm
&yfwefjY cif;r&db
S J awmufavQmuf wdu k pf pfqifEikd cf yhJ gonf/ ydv k efwo
Ykd nf 0gaqmwdu k yf JG
wGif &dum© BuKd wifppD OfrrI &do
S nht
f wGuf *smrefwyfrsm; ydwq f xYkd m;onht f cg &dum© jywfNy;D
vufeufcsc&hJ onfukd awGU&d&S ygonf/

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( X) jynfolvlxkwpf&yfvHk;\axmufcHtm;ay;ulnDrI&&dSjcif;/ [pfwvmonf
ppfyGJ rpwifrDuyif ,ckppfyGJtwGuf *smrefjynfolwpf&yfvHk; axmufcHvmatmif
vHIUaqmf pnf;½Hk;EdkifcJhygonf/ wpfEdkifiHvHk;\vlxkBuD;tm; tm;wufoa&m ulnD&ef
vHUI aqmfEikd cf hJ ojzifh [pfwvm\&Syn f Kd wyfrawmfonf wdu k pf rG ;f &nftvGex
f ufjruf
cJhayonf/ wdkufpGrf;&nf xufjrufovdk pdwf"gwfwuf<uum 'kwd,urÇmppftpydkif;
wdu k yf rJG sm;wGif tvGeaf tmifjrifco
hJ nfukd rsujf rifxif&mS ;awGUcJ&h ygonf/

wdkufppftajccHoabmw&m;ESifhcsdefxdk;oHk;oyfjcif;

128/ 0gaqmwdu k yf w JG iG f *smrefEiS yhf v

dk efwYkd wdu k cf u kd &f mwGif atmufygwdu k pf pftajccHoabmw&m;
rsm;tm; vdu
k ef musio hf ;kH í wdu k yf q
JG ifEcJT o
hJ nfukd awGU&d&S ygonf-
(u) wdusaom&nfrSef;csufxm;&dSjcif;/ 1939 ckEpS ?f 0gaqmwdu k yf w
JG iG f *smrefwo
Ykd nf e*dk
uwnf;u 0gaqmNrKd Utm; wdu k cf u
kd rf nfqo kd nhf wdusjywfom;aom &nfreS ;f csux f m;í
wdu
k cf u kd cf ahJ Mumif; awGU&d&S onf/

( c) aygif;pyfpzk UJG rIEiS whf yftcif;tusi;f rSeu f efjcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf ydv
k eftm; wdu
k cf u
kd pf Of
qdAk ,
D uf? ½k&mS ;wdEYk iS hf rusL;ausmaf &;pmcsKyf csKyq
f jkd cif;? 4if;wd\
Yk wyfrsm;vnf; 0gaqmNrKd Uudk
wdkufcdkuf&mwGif pepfwuswyfrsm; pkzGJU0dkif;&Hxm;jcif;jzifh ydkvefwdkY vufeufcsatmif
aqmif&u G Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf/

( *) ypfulxda&mufpGmtoHk;jyKjcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf 0gaqmNrKd Utm; 0ef;&Hyw

d q
f w
Ykd u
kd cf u
kd f
&mwGif avaMumif;ypful? tajrmufoHcsufumypfulwdkYtm; xda&mufpGm toHk;jyKNyD;
wdu
k cf u
kd Ef ikd cf o
hJ jzifh ydv
k efwYkd ½H;I edr&hf onf/

(C) tcdkiftrmajcukyfpcef;xm;&dSjcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf 0gaqmNrKd Utm; wdu

k cf u
kd &f mwGif
tjyifrS tcdkiftrmajcukyf,lxm;NyD; wdkufyGJ0if&eftwGuf aumif;pGm jyifqifpkzGJUEdkifcJh
ygonf/

( i) wkjzifhwdkufppfqifjcif;/ wdu k pf pfatmifjrif&eftwGuf &efot l m;enf;onht f csed Ef iS hf

ae&mwkw dY iG f vTr;f rd;k Edik af vmufonhf wyftiftm;? ypftm;ESiyhf pön;f u&d,mwdu
Yk kd pkpnf;í
0gaqmNrKd U\ taemufbuftm; wyfr(5)ck? ta&SUbuftm; wyfr(4)ckjzifh vnf;aumif;

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tajrmuf? av,mOfwjYkd zifv h nf; oH;k pGwJ ukd cf ukd cf ahJ Mumif; awGU&d&S onf/
( p) wdkufppfenf;y&d,m,f aumif;jcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf 0gaqmNrKd Utm; wdu k cf u
kd &f mwGif
twif;0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufjcif;xuf xdcdkufusqHk;enf;ap&ef tjyifrS NrdKUtm; 0dkif;&Hí
tkycf sKyrf u
I pd rö sm;tm; jzwfawmufwu kd cf ukd of nhef nf;udk usio hf ;kH cJo
h nf/

(q) wdkufppft[kefrusatmifxdef;odrf;jcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf ydv

k eftm; pwifwu
kd cf u
kd cf sed f
rSpí &&do S nhf atifjrifrrI sm;? tcGit hf a&;rsm;udk vufvw G rf cHbJ qufvuftjrwfxw k f
wdu k cf u
kd cf &hJ m 0gaqmNrKd Uudk odr;f ydu
k o f nftxd wdu k pf pft[kerf usatmif xde;f odr;f Edik f
cJah Mumif; awGU&onf/

( Z) t&efxm;&dSjcif;/ *smrefwyfrawmfonf ydkveftm; rwdkufrD tiftm;udk vdktyf

oavmufom oHk;pGJí t&Hwyfrsm;udk pkzGJUxm;&dScJhonf/

( ps) avaMumif;ta&;omrI&dSjcif;/ *smrefwo Ykd nf 0gaqmwdu k yf JG pwifjzpfymG ;Ny;D (2)&uf

twGi;f ydv k efavwyfwpfcv k ;kH udk acsreI ;f Edik cf o hJ nf/ *smrefw\ Ykd av,mOftyk t f rSw(f 1)
ESi(hf 4)rSm vdo
k vdk ypfual y;Edik cf o
hJ jzifh *smrefwb Ykd ufrS avaMumif;ta&;omrI&cSd o hJ nf/

(n) tkyfcsKyfaxmufyHhrIaumif;jcif;/ 0gaqmwdu k yf wGJ iG f *smrefwb Ykd ufrS vl? vufeuf?

cJ,rf;&du©mwdkYtm; vdktyfonfhae&modkY tvG,fwul ydkYaqmifjznhfwif;ay;EdkifcJhaomf
vnf; 0gaqmNrdKUtwGif;&dS ppfom;rsm;ESifhjynfoljynfom;wdkYrSm &du©mjywfvyfrI?
aomufo;kH a& &Sm;yg;rI? aq;0g;rjynhpf rkH w
I aYkd Mumifh ydvk efwrYkd S *smrefwt Ykd m; vufeufcs
t½H;I ay;cJ&h ygonf/

cHppftajccHoabmw&m;ESichf sed x f ;kd oH;k oyfjcif;

129/ 0gaqmwdu k yf wJG iG f ydv
k efwo Ykd nf *smrefwt Ykd m; ckc&H mwGif atmufygcHppftajccHoabmw&m;
rsm;ESihf oH;k oyf&ygonf-
(u) ajrtaetxm;udk rSefuefpGmtoHk;csjcif;/ ydv k efEikd if \
H NrKd Uawmf 0gaqmNrKd UcHppfaMumif;
twGuf tvGet f a&;Bu;D onhcf pH pfrmS Moodlin cHwyfNrKd U jzpfonf/ xdt Yk wl 0gaqmNrKd UESihf
Pilica jrpftMum;&dS Narew NrKd UESihf Vistula NrKd Uwdw Yk iG v
f nf; cHppfqifxm;onhf *smrefwYkd
xd;k ppfqifvmaomtcg ydv k efwo Ykd nf [pfwvmwyfrsm;tm; ajrtaetxm;ESihf tH0if

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cGiu f scsxm;Edik jf cif;enf;yg;onfukd awGU&onf/

( c) vHkNcHKrI&dSatmif aqmif&Gufjcif;/ cHppfwGif vHkNcHKrIonf tvGefta&;BuD;ojzifh
aemif jzpfay:vmrnhaf b;tEÅ&,fukd wGucf su&f mwGif vHNk cKH r&I aSd tmif aqmif&u G &f rnf/
yd k v ef wd k Y o nf 0gaqmNrd K UcH p pf p nf ; a&S U wG i f wyf r sm; csxm;ojzif h
*smrefw\ Ykd acsreI ;f wdu
k cf u
kd rf u
I kd wGe;f vSecf ck rH rI sm; jyKvyk Ef ikd cf o
hJ jzifh atmifjrifrrI sm;vnf;
&&dcS ahJ Mumif; awGU&d&S onf/

( *) tjyeftvSefulnDEdkifjcif;/ ydv k efwo Ykd nf *smrefw\

Ykd pdr0hf ifx;kd azmufru I kd umuG,f
Edik &f ef wyfzUJG rsm;\vIy&f mS ;rIEiS v
hf ufeufBu;D ? tajrmuf? wifu h m;rsm;\ ypfcwfrEI iS hf tjyef
tvSeu f n
l ED ikd &f ef pDrxH m;onf/ pufwifbmv(16)&ufwiG f Grochowe,fajrwGif *smref
wyf&if;udk ydv k efwyf&if;rS acsreI ;f Edik cf o
hJ nf/ pufwifbmv(20)&ufaeYwiG f Vistala NrKd U
ta&SUbufurf;&dS ydv k efwyfrsm;u *smrefwyfrsm;udk wefjyefwu kd cf u
kd Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf/

(C) xkjzifhcHppfqifjcif;/ *smrefwyfrsm;onf ppfrsuEf mS usO;f usO;f ? tiftm;tvH;k t&if;jzifh

wdu k cf u
kd jf cif;aMumifh ydv
k ewd\Yk cHppfaMumif;rsm; usK;d aygufc&hJ onf/ cHppfqif&mwGif ydv k ef
wdt Yk aejzifh euf½iId ;f e,fajr? vHNk cKH a&;e,fajr? yifrwduk yf eJG ,fajr? aemufyikd ;f e,fajr[lí
zGUJ pnf;xm;rI rawGU&yg/ xkjzifch pH pfqifEikd rf I tm;enf;aMumif; awGU&onf/

( i) ywfvnfcHppfqifjcif;/ ydv k efw\

Ykd cHppfonf *smrefw\ Ykd ajrjyifx;kd ppfrsm;udk &ifqikd f
Edik &f ef jyifqifxm;onf/ cHppfprD cH suu f kd ajymif;vG,jf yifv, G jf zpfatmif pDrx H m;onf/
odaYk omf *smrefw\ Ykd jyif;xefaom xd;k ppfukd [efcsun f pD mG wkejYf yefwm;qD;Edik rf ?I ywfvnf
cHppfqifEikd rf rI &daS Mumif; awG&Y onf/

( p) aygif;pyfnd§EdIif;xm;aomypfulESifhypfcwfrIpDrHcsuf&dSjcif;/ ydv k efw\

Ykd ppfprD cH suw
f iG f
*smrefwyfrsm; ta&;edrahf p&ef *smrefwdYk csO;f uyfvmcsed w f iG f ydrk jkd yif;xefpmG ypfcwfjcif;?
*smrefw\Ykd wyfrsm;udk rD;½dUI zsuq
f ;D jcif;rsm; jyKvyk Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf/

(q) aygif;pyfnd§EdIif;xm;aom twm;tqD;pDrHcsuf&dSjcif;/ ydv

k efwo Ykd nf ajrjyifoabm0
taetxm;udt k ajccHí wifu
h m;&ef umuG,af &;vufeufrsm;? vrf;rsm;ay:wGif vlvyk f
uwkwt f wm;tqD;rsm; csxm;jcif;? vrf;ray:wGif wmyifwikd rf sm;? tqDrsm;avmif;cs
xm;jcif; paomtwm;tqD;pepf jyKvyk x f m;ygonf/

( Z) ajymif;vG,fjyifvG,f&dSjcif;/ ydv
k efwyfrsm;onf *smrefw\
Ykd jyif;xefaomxd;k ppfaMumifh
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rarQmv
f ifah omtajctaeay:vmvQif tjcm;aqmif&u
G rf nht
f pDtrHrsm; BuKd wifjyKvyk f
xm;jcif;r&doS nfukd awGU&d&S ygonf/

( ps) xdk;ppftjyKtrl&dSjcif;/ ydkvefwyfrsm; cHppfqifae&mrS *smrefwdkY\jyif;xefonhf

wdkufyGJ rsm;aMumifh cHppfae&mrsm; vufvTwfay;cJh&onfrsm;udk jyefvnfoHk;oyfum
tiftm;pkNy;D *smrefw\ Ykd tcsKUd wdu
k cf u
kd rf u
I kd wefjyefwu
kd cf u
kd Ef ikd cf o
hJ nf/

av? Munf;ppfqifa&;oabmw&m;rsm;ESichf sed x f ;kd oH;k oyfjcif;

130/ ydkvefppfyGJ pwifonfESifh *smrefavwyfonf ydkvefwdkY\av,mOfuGif;rsm;? ppfbufqdkif&m
taqmuftOD;rsm;? qufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk jyif;xefpmG wdu k cf u
kd Mf uonf/ avwyfonf tvpf
tidu k Ef iS jhf yif;xefpmG vufO;D rI&,lcjhJ cif;jzifh ydv
k efavwyfwpfcv k ;kH udk ESp&f uftwGi;f acsreI ;f Edik cf o
hJ nf/
Munf;wyfppfqifa&;wGiv f nf; omvGeaf omtiftm;ESihf vsijf reefaom,EÅ&m;ppfqifenf;udk avaMumif;
teD;uyfypfu?l jyif;xefaomtajrmufypftm;tulwjYkd zifh aygifpyfnE§d iId ;f toH;k jyKEikd cf ahJ vonf/ ta&;Bu;D
aomNrKd Ursm;? qufo, G af &;vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk vGwv f w G vf yfvyftoH;k jyKjcif;? ckcw H m;qD;jcif;rSm rpGr;f
Edkifavmufaom oHcsyfumwyftajrmufrsm;udk twif;0ifa&muf xkd;ppfqifcsDwufwdkufcdkufapjcif;?
ppfajrjyifwGif Munf;wyf? oHcsyfumwyf? tajrmufwyfESifhavwyfudk eD;uyfpGmyl;aygif;wdkufcdkufjcif;
paom *smrefw\ Ykd vQywf jyufppfqifenf;udk awGU&ayonf/ Munf;wyfEiS ahf vwyfwYkd yl;aygif;í 0dik ;f ywf
zdEadS omppfenf;AsL[mudk toH;k jyKcMhJ uaMumif; oH;k oyfawGU&d&S ayonf/

tjrif(4)jrifjzifh csed x f ;kd oH;k oyfjcif;

131/ ppfa&;tjrif/ ydkvefwdkufyGJonf 'kwd,urÇmpftwGif; *smrefwdkY\ usL;ausmfrIrsm;teuf
tcsed t f wdq k ;kH ESit
hf qH;k tjzwfay;Edik q f ;kH wdu
k yf pJG OfjzpfNy;D ppfyt JG pyd;fk wGif jzpfymG ;cJyh gonf/ *smrefwo
Ykd nf
ppfytJG pydik ;f wGif atmifjrifr&I cSd o hJ jzifh ydv k efwu kd yf BJG u;D qufvufqifEcJT ahJ omppfyrJG sm; awmufavsmuf
atmifjrifcJhygonf/ ydkvefwdkufyGJwGif *smrefwdkYonf tidkufzrf;jcif;? trma&SmiftrGwdkufjcif;? pufrI
pGrf;tm;udk tjynhft0oHk;í wdkufppft[kef jyif;xefvsifjrefapjcif;yifjzpfonfudk awGU&dS&ygonf/
4if;ppfenf;AsL[m usio hf ;kH cJ&h mwGif AH;k BuaJ v,mOfrsm;\ avaMumif;ypfuu l kd &,lxm;onhf oHcsyu f mwyf
rsm;u t&deS t f [kejf zifh a&SUqH;k rS xd;k azmufcsw D ufO;D ESrd u f m *,faygufjzpfatmif vrf;zGichf NhJ y;D ,mOfwif
ajcvsifwyfzGJUu aemufrSuyfí vdkufygwdkucdkufjcif;ESifh oHcsyfumrsm;onf &efolcHppfaemufydkif;odkY
euf½iId ;f pGm xd;k azmufí aumufoif;aumuf&iS ;f vif;jcif;? jyKvyk jf cif;tm; awGU&Ny;D &efot l m; wkev f yI f

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&ygonf/
131/ EdkifiHa&;tjrif/ 'kw, d urÇmppftpydik ;f wGif *smrefonf xda&mufjyif;xefaom xd;k ppfaMumifh
e,fajrtawmfrsm;rsm; odr;f ydu k Ef ikd cf yhJ gonf/ *smrPD\MoZmvTr;f rd;k aom MopBw;D ,m;ESichf suu f pkd vdk
Aufu;D ,m;Edik if rH sm;onf ckcEH ikd rf rI &db S J ysupf ;D oGm;cJ&h ygonf/ þwdu k yf pJG Ofumvrsm;twGi;f Edik if aH &;enf;
t& vSnhfzsm;í y&d,m,foHk;rIrsm;onf rsm;pGmxda&mufatmifjrifaMumif; awGU&dS&ygonf/
[pfwvmonf wku d yf pJG Ofrsm;umvtwGi;f Edik if aH &;enf;t& vSnzfh sm;í y&d,m,fo;kH um aqmif&u G rf I
rsm;onf rsm;pGmxda&mufatmifjrifaMumif; awGU&d&S ygonf/ [pfwvmonf jyifoifEiS Nhf Aw d od Qwt Ykd m;
aoG;at;oGm;ap&ef *smrefwt dYk vd&k aSd omjynfe,frsm;udk pdwaf useyfatmif jyefvnf&&dcS NhJ yaD MujimNy;D
qufvufwu kd cf u
kd cf jhJ cif;onf tiftm;Bu;D Edik if rH sm;onf Edik if iH ,fwpfct k m; 4if;wdu Yk ,
kd uf sK;d pD;yGm;udk
umuG,Ef ikd &f eftwGuf 4if;wdpYk w d Bf uKd ucf s,v f ,
S zf efw;D chMJ uygonf/ r[mrdwEf ikd if b H uf ajy;uyfvu kd ?f
*smrPDEikd if b H uf ajy;uyfvu kd f jyKvyk cf ahJ om ydv k efEikd if \H tjzpfrmS oifcef;pm,lz, G af umif;ygonf/
ydv k efjynfojl ynfom;rsm;onf wdik ;f cspjf ynfcsppf w d jf zifh 0gaqmwdu k yf wJG iG f taocHNy;D ckcMH uaomfvnf;
Edik if aH &;acgif;aqmifrsm;\tajrmftjrifenf;yg;rIaMumifh ydv k efonf ½k&mS ;ESi*hf smrPD\ cGaJ 0odr;f ydu k jf cif;udk
cHc&hJ ygonf/ Edik if aH &;vdt k yfcsut f & r[mrdwjf yKNy;D rusL;ausm&f pmcsKyf csKyq f jkd cif;onf tajctae
wpfckxdomjzpfí udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf vG,fulpGm opömazmufzsufEdkifNyD; udk,fusKd;pD;yGm;twGuf
umuG,af &;onfom t"dujzpfaMumif; awGU&d&S ygonf/

133/ pD;yGm;a&;tjrif/ yxrurÇmppftNy;D *smrPDonf ppfavsmaf Mu;tjzpf aygifoef;aygif; 1000

ayavsmcf &hJ aomaMumifh tajctaerSm rsm;pGmqd;k 0g;cJo h nf/ od&Yk mwGif tusK;d tjrwf &vdak omaZmjzifh
tar&duefESifhNAdwdoQwdkYrS aiGoef;aygif; 1500 acs;iSm;ay;cJhojzifh *smrPDonf puf½Hk? tvkyf½Hkrsm;
xlaxmifum ppfvufeufypönf;rsm; wyfqifxkwfvkyfEdkifcJhojzifh 'kwd,urÇmppfBuD; jzpfyGm;vmjcif;
jzpfygonf/ *smrPD? tDwvDEiS jhf yifopfr[mrdwEf ikd if rH sm; ,SONf yKd ipf pfjyK&onht f aMumif;&if;rSm pD;yGm;a&;yif
jzpfonf/ *smrPDESifhtDwvDonf tmPm&Sifpepfjzifh pufrIvkyfief;rsm; wdk;wufvmMuaomfvnf;
ukeMf urf;ypön;f &&daS &;ESiahf ps;uGu&f &daS &;wdo
Yk nf udvk ekd eD ,frsm; vdt k yfvmcJyh gonf/ [pfwvmonf
*smrPDtwGuf e,fajropfrsm; vdt k yfaMumif;a<u;aMumfum usL;ausmpf pfjyKcjhJ cif;jzpfygonf/ odaYk omf
*smrPDEiS t hf w
D vDwo Ykd nf ydí
k avmbwufNy;D &vdMk uojzifh ud, k u f sK;d pD;yGm;umuG,rf t I & tar&duefEiS hf
½k&mS wdyYk g ppftwGi;f yg0ifvmaomaMumifh *smrPDEiS t hf wD vDwYkd ½H;I edrchf ahJ Mumif; oH;k oyfawGU&d&S ygonf/

134/ vlrIa&;tjrif/ [pfwvmonf trsKd;om;a&;vHIUaqmfrIESifhtmPmvm&oljzpfygonf/

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*smrPDwiG f trsK;d om;a&;0g' ppft[ke&f iS o f efjrifrh m;vmjcif;onf *smrPDukd tcsed w f tkd wGi;f vufeuf
Edik if t
H jzpf a&muf&aSd pcJNh y;D ppfy\JG tapmydik ;f umvrsm;wGif atmifjrifr&I &daS pcJjh cif;jzpfygonf/ od&Yk mwGif
trsKd;om;a&;pdwf"gwftpGef;a&mufonhftcg *sL;vlrsKdrsm;tay: Murf;MuKwfpGm jyKrlrIrsm; tpkvdkuf?
tNyHKvdkuf owfjzwfrIrsm; jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ þtaMumif;w&m;onfyifvQif urÇmhEdkifiHrsm;u
*smrPDtm; qefu Y siw f u
kd cf u kd v
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H t
Ykd m; ppfyt
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zefwD;ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ odkYjzpfí tpGef;a&muftrsKd;om;a&;0g'onf wdkif;jynftwGuf tEÅ&m,f
Bu;D rm;aMumif; awGU&d&S ygonf/ 'kw, d urÇmppftwGi;f 1939 ckEpS rf S 1045 ckEpS w f iG f ppfaMumifh aoqH;k ol
vlOD;a& oef; 50cefY&dS&m 4if;txJwGif t&yfolt&yfom;xuf0ufcefY yg0ifrnf[k cefYrSef;&ygonf/
xdaYk Mumifh vlraI &;tjrift& Munhyf gu ppfonfvo l m;rsm;twGuf tusK;d ray;aMumif; oH;k oyfawGU&dS
&ygonf/

oifcef;pmazmfxw k cf suf
135/ 0gapmwdu k yf w
JG iG f *smrefwb Ykd ufrS oH;k oyf&vQif [pfwvmtmPm&Ny;D aemuf wyfrawmftiftm;?
avwyf? a&wyftiftm;? yefZmwyfr ponfwdkYtm; tiftm;awmifhwif;atmif zGJUpnf;EdkifcJhygonf/
wyfrsm;taejzifh avhusichf sed ef nf;yg;aomfvnf; t&m&dt S rsm;pkrmS yxrurÇmppfwiG f yg0ifcb hJ ;l olrsm;
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twdik ;f &yfwnfjcif;? Edik if aH &;ESiahf &maxG;jcif;rjyKMuacs/ acgif;rmí ppfaoe*FAsL[mEdik ef if;Muolrsm;
jzpfonf/ Edik if tH ay: tvGeo f pöm&dMS uol Adv k cf sKyBf u;D rsm;jzpfMuonf/ [pfwvmtvdu k s vufnK§d ;axmif
acgif;ndwMf uolrsm;r[kwMf uacs/ ydv k efppfypJG wifonfEiS hf *smrefavwyfonf ydv k efav,mOfuiG ;f rsm;?
ppfbufqdkif&mtaqmuftOD;rsm;? qufoG,fa&;vrf;aMumif;rsm;udk jyif;xefpGmwdkufcdkufMuonf/
avwyfonf tvpftidu k v f ufO;D rI&,lco hJ jzifh ydvk efavwyfwpfcv k ;kH udk ESp&f uftwGi;f vH0k acsreI ;f
Edik cf o
hJ nf/ Munf;wyfppfqifa&;wGif avaMumif;teD;uyfypfy?l jyif;xefaom tajrmufypftm;tulwjYkdzifh
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vyfvyftoHk;jyKjcif;? ckcHwm;qD;jcif;iSm rpGrf;Edkifavmufaom oHcsyfumwyftajrmuftrsm;udk
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avwyfukd eD;uyfpmG yl;aygif;wdu k cf u kd jf cif; paom *smrefw\ Ykd acwfrv D Qyw f pfjyufppfqifenf;? 0dik ;f ywf
zdEydS af om ppfenf;AsL[mwdu Yk kd toH;k jyKcjhJ cif;wdaYk Mumifh atmifjrifc&hJ jcif;jzpfaMumif; oifcef;pm azmfxw k f

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&&dyS gonf/

136/ ydv k efwb Ykd ufrS oH;k oyf&ygu ppfyrJG wdik rf D ydv k efwiG f ajcvsiw f yfr(30)? t&efwyfr(10)ck? jrif;pD;
wyfr[m(11)ck&o Sd nf/ ydv k efonf tifwu kd t
f m;wdu k f ppfpnf;½H;k rI rjyKcahJ y/ e,fpyfwpfavQmufwiG f
wyfrrsm; jzefYcsxm;um cHppfoufoufudkom tajcjyKxm;ygonf/ avwyftiftm; toifhtwifh
&daS omfvnf; oHcsyu f m,EÅ&m;wyfenf;yg;onf/ ydv k efvrl sK;d wdtYk aejzifh owåad umif;í &J&ifMh urf;wrf;
aomfvnf; ppfvufeufypön;f acwfaemufusru I tqH;k tjzwfay;oGm;cJyh gonf/ *smrefwyfrawmf\
vQyw f jyufppfqifru I kd r,SOo
f mcJah y/ ppfa&;Ed;k Mum;rI? jyifqifr?I ppfpnf;½H;k rI tm;enf;cJah Mumif; awGU
&onf/ ydv k efwyfrsm; &Gy&f yG cf RcH RcH ck u
H muG,af omfvnf; ydv k efw\ Ykd 0dik ;f ywfyw
d q
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f mcJah y/
ppfqifa&;pwifcsed w f iG f wyfr\oH;k yHEk pS yf o
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cGmonfEiS hf cGmppfqif&aMumif; awG&Y onf/ ydv k efvx l t k aejzifh 0gaqmNrKd Utm; pdw"f gwfaumif;rGepf mG
taocHckcHumuG,fcJhaomfvnf; t&yfom;jynfolrsm; tpma&pmESifhaq;0g;csKdUwJhrIaMumifh aoqHk;rI
rsm;jym;cJ&h onf/ xd;k ppfxuf cHppfukd OD;pmay;usio hf ;kH jcif;? owif;tcsed rf &DS ,lrI tm;enf;jcif;? avwyf
vH;k 0acsreI ;f cH&jcif;jzpfaMumif; oH;k oyf&onf/ 4if;tjyif r[mrdww f yfrsm;taejzifh ydv k eftay: opöm
r&dcS ohJ jzifh usq;kH &jcif;jzpfaMumif; oifcef;pm azmfxw k &f &dyS gonf/

ed*;kH
137/ 1939 ckEpS w f iG f *smrefwu Ykd ydv
k efukd atmifEikd cf jhJ cif;ESihf taemufOa&myudk vTr;f rd;k Edik cf jhJ cif;rSm
vsijf refvo S nhEf eI ;f ESihf wdu
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h nf/ vkyo f uf&ifh
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enf;opfzUHG NzKd ;wd;k wufvmatmif cGirhf jyKcahJ omfvnf; 4if;wdcYk iG jhf yKoavmufukd tusK;d &daS tmif vkyaf qmif
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toHk;rcsbJ ,EÅ&m;wyfrsm;onf rdrdwdkYbmom atmifjrif&ef cJ,Of;onfqdkonhftcsuf jzpfygonf/
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r[mAsL[monf ydí
k xda&mufatmifjrifcyhJ gonf/

138/ ydv k efwu kd yf rJG 0ifrw

D iG f *smrPDonf ppfat;umvjzpfaomfvnf; ta&;BuKH vQif oufvakH umif;
ap&ef wm;jrpfuefYowfxm;onfMum;rS ppftiftm;udk wdk;yGm;atmif wpdkufrwfrwfaqmif&GufcJh\/
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wdkufyGJBuD;rsm; qifETJ&aomtcg ajcrudkifrd? vufrudkifrdjzpfum ppftiftm; omvGefaom*smrPD
vkyof rQukd acgif;ndrahf ecJ&h aomtjzpfonf vGepf mG owdxm;oHa0* &zG,&f myifjzpfygonf/

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ppf O D ; pD ; wuú o d k v f o if w ef ; trS w f p Of ( 60)
0gaqmwdkufyGJwGif *smrefwyfrawmfrS General Johannes BlaskowikzES i f h
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11 General Walerian Czuma \ud,
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Ü t
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11/ CAMPAIGNS OF WORLD WAR II

12/ PANZER BATTLE

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yH k ( 1) GENERAL Walerin Czuma

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yHk(2) General Johnnes Blaskowikz

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yHk(3) 'kwd,urÇmppfNyD;aemuf0gaqmNrdKY

yHk(4) 'kwd,urÇmppfNyD;aemuf0gaqmNrdKY

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yHk(5) ydkvefEdkifiHtm; *smrefwdkYrS usL;ausmf0ifa&mufwdkufcJhyHk

yHk(6) 0gaqmNrdKUtm; *smrefwdkY0ifa&mufwdkufcdkufcJhyHk

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yHk(7) *smrefwdkYrS0gaqmNrdKUtm;AHk;BuJpOf

yHk(8) ysufpD;aeaom0gaqmNrdKU

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yHk(9) 0gaqmwdkufyGJwGiftoHk;jyKcJhaomAHk;BuJav,mOf? ppfoabFm? wifhum;rsm;

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yHk(10) *smrefAdkvfcsKyfBuD; Johnnes Blaskowikz

yHk(11) 0gaqmwdkufyGJNyD;ydkvefppfonfrsm;

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yHk(12) 'kwd,urÇmppfNyD;aemuf0gaqmNrdKUjrifuGif;

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