WIND LOAD

1. VELOCITY PRESSURE

Velocity Pressure up to the height of 100 m above grade are shown in below. These values are derived from :

qz = 0.613*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V 2*I (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Eq. 6-15)

Where :
qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground (kN/m2)
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient , Exposure B (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Table 6)
Kzt = Topographic factor 1
Kd = Wind directionallty factor 1
V = Basic Wind Speed 40 m/s
I = Importance factor 1 for category III, (ANSI/ASCE 7-15 Table 5)

Velocity Pressure
Height Kz qz
feet m kN/m2
15 4.57 0.37 0.36
20 6.10 0.42 0.41
25 7.62 0.46 0.45
30 9.14 0.50 0.49

INTERPOLATION EL+ 7.00

EL 6.1 7 7.62
qz 0.41 0.44 0.45
INTERPOLATION EL+ 9.00
EL 6.10 9 9.14
qz 0.45 0.488 0.490
2. WIND FORCE

A piperack surface wind pressure on projected area has been adjusted by the proper
shape and height factor required by the basic design specification applied as a horizontal force at joint

Wind Force shall be calculated based on :

F = qz x G x Cf x Af

where :
qz = vellocity pressure
G = Gust Effect factor 0.85
Cf = Pressure coeficient (ANSI/ASCE 7-16 Table 12)
Af = Projected area

TOS 9.00
2.00

TOS 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

6.00 6.00

WIND FROM +Z DIRECTION

ELEVATION + 9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.56
A2 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.56
A3 COLUMN 0.200 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.20 0.08
A4 V-BRACING 0.100 3.60 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.36 0.15
A5 PIPE 0.4572 6.00 0.488 0.85 0.70 2.74 0.80
TOTAL 2.15
 TOS + 9.00

2.00
TOS + 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

6.00 6.00

ELEVATION7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.50
A2 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.50
A3 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.50
A4 COLUMN 0.200 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.00 1.54 0.57
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A6 PIPE 0.4572 6.00 0.44 0.85 0.70 2.74 0.71
TOTAL 3.05

WIND FROM X DIRECTION

6.7

8
Elevation +9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.75
A3 COLUMN 0.250 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.25 0.19
TOTAL 0.93
Elevation +7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A3 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.67
A4 COLUMN 0.250 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.93 1.28
TOTAL 1.95
 WIND LOAD

1. VELOCITY PRESSURE

Velocity Pressure up to the height of 100 m above grade are shown in below. These values are derived from :

qz = 0.613*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V 2*I (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Eq. 6-15)

Where :
qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground (kN/m2)
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient , Exposure B (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Table 6)
Kzt = Topographic factor 1
Kd = Wind directionallty factor 1
V = Basic Wind Speed 40 m/s
I = Importance factor 1 for category III, (ANSI/ASCE 7-15 Table 5)

Velocity Pressure
Height Kz qz
feet m kN/m2
15 4.57 0.37 0.36
20 6.10 0.42 0.41
25 7.62 0.46 0.45
30 9.14 0.50 0.49

INTERPOLATION EL+ 7.00

EL 6.1 7 7.62
qz 0.41 0.44 0.45
INTERPOLATION EL+ 9.00
EL 6.10 9 9.14
qz 0.45 0.488 0.490
2. WIND FORCE

A piperack surface wind pressure on projected area has been adjusted by the proper
shape and height factor required by the basic design specification applied as a horizontal force at joint

Wind Force shall be calculated based on :

F = qz x G x Cf x Af

where :
qz = vellocity pressure
G = Gust Effect factor 0.85
Cf = Pressure coeficient (ANSI/ASCE 7-16 Table 12)
Af = Projected area

TOS 9.00
2.00

TOS 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

8.50 6.00

WIND FROM +Z DIRECTION

ELEVATION + 9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.79
A2 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.56
A3 COLUMN 0.200 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.20 0.08
A4 V-BRACING 0.100 3.60 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.36 0.15
A5 PIPE 0.4572 7.25 0.488 0.85 0.70 3.31 0.96
TOTAL 2.55
 TOS + 9.00

2.00
TOS + 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

8.50 6.00

ELEVATION7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.71
A2 BEAM 0.250 3.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 0.75 0.50
A3 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.71
A4 COLUMN 0.200 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.00 1.54 0.57
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A6 PIPE 0.4572 7.25 0.44 0.85 0.70 3.31 0.86
TOTAL 3.61

WIND FROM X DIRECTION

6.7

8
Elevation +9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.75
A3 COLUMN 0.250 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.25 0.19
TOTAL 0.93
Elevation +7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A3 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.67
A4 COLUMN 0.250 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.93 1.28
TOTAL 1.95
 WIND LOAD

1. VELOCITY PRESSURE

Velocity Pressure up to the height of 100 m above grade are shown in below. These values are derived from :

qz = 0.613*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V 2*I (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Eq. 6-15)

Where :
qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground (kN/m2)
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient , Exposure B (ANSI/ASCE 7-02 Table 6)
Kzt = Topographic factor 1
Kd = Wind directionallty factor 1
V = Basic Wind Speed 40 m/s
I = Importance factor 1 for category III, (ANSI/ASCE 7-15 Table 5)

Velocity Pressure
Height Kz qz
feet m kN/m2
15 4.57 0.37 0.36
20 6.10 0.42 0.41
25 7.62 0.46 0.45
30 9.14 0.50 0.49

INTERPOLATION EL+ 7.00

EL 6.1 7 7.62
qz 0.41 0.44 0.45
INTERPOLATION EL+ 9.00
EL 6.10 9 9.14
qz 0.45 0.488 0.490
2. WIND FORCE

A piperack surface wind pressure on projected area has been adjusted by the proper
shape and height factor required by the basic design specification applied as a horizontal force at joint

Wind Force shall be calculated based on :

F = qz x G x Cf x Af

where :
qz = vellocity pressure
G = Gust Effect factor 0.85
Cf = Pressure coeficient (ANSI/ASCE 7-16 Table 12)
Af = Projected area

TOS 9.00
2.00

TOS 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

8.50 8.50

WIND FROM +Z DIRECTION

ELEVATION + 9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.79
A2 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.79
A3 COLUMN 0.200 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.20 0.08
A4 V-BRACING 0.100 3.60 0.488 0.85 1.00 0.36 0.15
A5 PIPE 0.4572 8.50 0.488 0.85 0.70 3.89 1.13
TOTAL 2.95
 TOS + 9.00

2.00
TOS + 7.00

6.70

BOP + 0.30

8.50 8.50

ELEVATION7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.71
A2 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.71
A3 BEAM 0.250 4.25 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.06 0.71
A4 COLUMN 0.200 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.00 1.54 0.57
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A5 V-BRACING 0.080 4.60 0.44 0.85 1.00 0.37 0.14
A6 PIPE 0.4572 8.50 0.44 0.85 0.70 3.89 1.01
TOTAL 3.97

WIND FROM X DIRECTION

6.7

8
Elevation +9.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A1 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.75
A3 COLUMN 0.250 1.00 0.488 0.85 1.80 0.25 0.19
TOTAL 0.93
Elevation +7.00
WIDTH LENGTH qZ G Cf Af Force
m m kN/m2 m2 kN
A3 BEAM 0.250 4.00 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.00 0.67
A4 COLUMN 0.250 7.70 0.44 0.85 1.80 1.93 1.28
TOTAL 1.95
Velocity Pressure Exposure Coeffecient. Kz
Heigbt Kz
feet m Exposure A Exposure B Exposure C Exposure D
15 4.57 0.12 0.37 0.80 1.2
20 6.10 0.15 0.42 0.87 1.27
25 7.62 0.17 0.46 0.93 1.32
30 9.14 0.19 0.50 0.98 1.37
40 12.19 0.23 0.57 1.06 1.46
50 15.24 0.27 0.63 1.13 1.52
60 18.29 0.3 0.68 1.19 1.58
70 21.34 0.33 0.73 1.24 1.63
80 24.38 0.37 0.77 1.29 1.67
90 27.43 0.4 0.82 1.34 1.71
100 30.48 0.42 0.86 0.38 1.75
120 36.58 0.48 0.93 1.45 1.81
140 42.67 0.53 0.99 1.52 1.87
160 48.77 0.58 1.05 1.58 1.92
180 54.86 0.63 1.11 1.63 1.97
200 60.96 0.67 1.16 1.68 2.01
250 76.20 0.78 1.28 1.79 2.1
300 91.44 0.88 1.39 1.88 2.18
350 106.68 1.0 1.49 1.97 2.3
400 121.92 1.1 1.58 2.05 2.3
450 137.16 1.16 1.67 2.12 2.36
500 152.40 1.24 1.75 2.18 2.41

Exposure A
Large city centers with at least 50% of buildings having a height in excess of 70 feet

Exposure B
Urban and Sub urban Areas, wooden areas

Exposure C
Open terrain with scattered obstructions having heights generally less than 30 ft

Exposure D
Flat area