J16/4/PHYSl/SP2/ENG/TZ0/XX

Paper 1 and 2 (combined) Name:-------------------------------------------

Monday 30 January 2017 (morning)

2 hours 15 minutes

Paper 2 ONLY.

81

22 pages

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Part I: Answer the following: (1mark each)

1. Two satellites of equal mass, S1 and S2, orbit the Earth. S1 is orbiting at a distance r from the
v
Earth’s centre at speed v. S2 orbits at a distance 2r from the Earth’s centre at speed . The
2
ratio of the centripetal force on S1 to the centripetal force on S2 is

1
A. .
8

1
B. .
4

C. 4.

D. 8.

2. A particle P is moving in a circle with uniform speed. Which one of the following diagrams
correctly shows the direction of the acceleration a and velocity v of the particle at one instant of
time?

A. a B. a
v

P v P

C. D.

a P a P
v

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3. The centripetal force that causes a car to go round a bend in the road is provided by

A. the force produced by the car engine acting on the wheels.

B. the friction between the tyres and the road.

C. the weight of the car.

D. the force exerted by the driver on the steering wheel.

4. The centripetal force F acting on a particle of mass m that is travelling with linear speed v along
the arc of a circle of radius r is given by

v2
A. F= .
mr

B. F = mv2r.

C. F = mr2v.

mv 2
D. F= .
r

5. Which of the following expressions correctly relates the radius R of the circular orbit of a planet
round a star to the period T of the orbit?

A. R3  T2

1
B. 3
 T2
R

C. R2  T3

1
D. 2
 T3
R

6. A satellite of mass m and speed v orbits the Earth at a distance r from the centre of the Earth.
The gravitational field strength due to the Earth at the satellite is equal to

v
A. .
r

v2
B. .
r

mv
C. .
r

m v2
D. .
r

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7. For an object to be in translational equilibrium

A. it must be at rest.

B. it must be moving with a constant acceleration.

C. no external force must be acting on it.

D. the net force acting on it must be zero.

8. A mass is suspended from the roof of a lift (elevator) by means of a spring balance, as
illustrated below.

lift (elevator)

mass

The lift (elevator) is moving upwards and the readings of the spring balance are noted as
follows.
Accelerating: Ra
Constant speed: Rc
Slowing down: Rs

Which one of the following is a correct relationship between the readings?

A. Ra > Rc

B. Ra = Rs

C. Rc = Rs

D. Rc < Rs

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9. A ball of weight W is dropped on to the pan of a top pan weighing balance and rebounds off the
pan.

pan

00.00

At the instant that the ball has zero velocity when in contact with the pan, the scale will read

A. zero.

B. a value less than W but greater than zero.

C. W.

D. a value greater than W.

10. A body of weight 2W hangs vertically from a string attached to a body of weight W. Weight W
is released and both bodies fall vertically.

2W

Air resistance may be neglected. What is the tension in the string during the fall?

A. Zero

B. W

C. 2W

D. 3W

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11. The heat capacity of a solid body is defined as

A. the thermal energy required to increase the body’s temperature by one degree.

B. the maximum thermal energy that must be supplied to melt the solid.

C. the total kinetic energy of the solid’s molecules.

D. the average kinetic energy of the solid’s molecules.

12. A fireman is holding a hosepipe so that water leaves the pipe horizontally. The hosepipe has a
constant cross-sectional area. The magnitude of the force that the fireman exerts to hold the
hosepipe stationary is F.

The volume of water delivered by the hose per second doubles, the force that the fireman must
now exert is

A. 2F .

B. 2F.

C. 4F.

D. 8F.

13. A ball, initially at rest, takes time t to fall through a vertical distance h. If air resistance is
ignored, the time taken for the ball to fall from rest through a vertical distance 9h is

A. 3t.

B. 5t.

C. 9t.

D. 10t.

14. A raindrop falling through air reaches a terminal velocity before hitting the ground. At terminal
velocity, the frictional force on the raindrop is

A. zero.

B. less than the weight of the raindrop.

C. greater than the weight of the raindrop.

D. equal to the weight of the raindrop.

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15. A stone is thrown horizontally from the top of a high cliff. Assuming air resistance is negligible,
what is the effect of gravitational force on the horizontal and on the vertical components of the
velocity of the stone?

Vertical component of velocity Horizontal component of velocity

A. increases to a constant value stays constant

B. increases continuously stays constant

C. increases to a constant value decreases to zero

D. increases continuously decreases to zero

16. Juan is standing on the platform at a railway station. A train passes through the station with
speed 20 m s–1 in the direction shown measured relative to the platform. Carmen is walking
along one of the carriages of the train with a speed of 2.0 m s–1 measured relative to the carriage
in the direction shown. Velocity is measured as positive in the direction shown on the diagram.

Carmen
2.0 ms –1
20 ms –1

Juan
platform

velocity measured as a
positive in this direction

The velocity of Carmen relative to Juan is

A. –22 m s–1.

B. –18 m s–1.

C. +18 m s–1.

D. +22 m s–1.

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17. An object is falling, in air, towards the Earth’s surface.

What changes occur in the acceleration and in the velocity of the object as it approaches
terminal velocity?

acceleration velocity
A. decreases to zero increases continuously
B. decreases to zero increases to a constant value
C. constant increases to a constant value
D. constant increases continuously

18. Which one of the following is a scalar quantity?

A. Pressure

B. Impulse

C. Magnetic field strength

D. Weight

19. The resistive force F acting on a sphere of radius r moving at speed v through a liquid is given
by

F = cvr

where c is a constant. Which of the following is a correct unit for c?

A. N

B. N s–1

C. N m2 s–1

D. N m–2 s

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20. Two objects X and Y are moving away from the point P. The diagram below shows the velocity
vectors of the two objects.

Velocity vector for object Y

P
Velocity vector for object X

Which of the following velocity vectors best represents the velocity of object X relative to
object Y?

A. B.

C. D.

21. The length of a page of the examination paper is approximately 30 cm.

Which of the following gives the order of magnitude for the time taken for light to travel the
length of the page?

A. 10–7 s

B. 10–8 s

C. 10–9 s

D. 10–10 s

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22. The variation with speed v of the force F acting on an object is given by the expression

F = pv2 + qv,

where p and q are constants.

What quantity should be plotted on the y-axis of a graph and what should be plotted on the x-
axis in order to give a straight-line graph?

y-axis x-axis

A. F v
v
F
B. v2
v
C. F v

D. F v2

M
23. The density of a metal cube is given by the expression ρ  where M is the mass and V is the
V
volume of the cube. The percentage uncertainties in M and V are as shown below.

M 12

V 4.0

The percentage uncertainty in the calculated value of the density is

A. 3.0.

B. 8.0.

C. 16.

D. 48.

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24. Joe is standing on the surface of a frozen pond and he throws a ball horizontally. Considering
Joe and the ball together, which one of the following correctly describes the change in the
magnitude of the momentum and the change in the kinetic energy of Joe and the ball
immediately after the ball is thrown?

Magnitude of momentum of Joe and ball Kinetic energy of Joe and ball
A. No change Increases

B. Increases Increases

C. No change No change

D. Increases No change

25. A ball of mass 2.0 kg falls vertically and hits the ground with speed 7.0 ms–1 as shown below.

7.0 ms –1

3.0 ms –1

before after

The ball leaves the ground with a vertical speed 3.0 ms–1.

The magnitude of the change in momentum of the ball is

A. zero.

B. 8.0 Ns.

C. 10 Ns.

D. 20 Ns.

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Part II: Answer the following questions:

26. This question is about measuring the permittivity of free space ε0.

The diagram below shows two parallel conducting plates connected to a variable voltage
supply. The plates are of equal areas and are a distance d apart.

+
variable voltage supply
d V
–

The charge Q on one of the plates is measured for different values of the potential difference V
applied between the plates. The values obtained are shown in the table below. Uncertainties in
the data are not included.

V/V Q / nC

10.0 30

20.0 80

30.0 100

40.0 160

50.0 180

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(a) Plot a graph of V (x-axis) against Q (y-axis).

(4)

(b) Draw the line of best fit for the data points.
(1)

(c) Determine the gradient of your best-fit line.

(2)

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

(d) The gradient of the graph is a property of the two plates and is known as capacitance.
Deduce the units of capacitance.

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

The relationship between Q and V for this arrangement is given by the expression

ε0 A
Q= V
d

where A is the area of one of the plates.

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In this particular experiment A = 0.20 m2 and d = 0.50 mm.

(e) Use your answer to (c) to determine a value for ε0.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 11 marks)

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27. Two identical springs A and B each have a force constant (force per unit extension)
of 2.5Ncm–1. One end of each spring is attached to a trolley and the other ends are attached to
rigid supports, as shown.

support trolley

spring A spring B

The springs are horizontal and, when the trolley is at rest, the extension of each spring is 3.0 cm.
The trolley is displaced 1.2 cm to the right.

support trolley

spring A spring B

displacement 1.2 cm

(a) Calculate the magnitude of the force on the trolley due to

(i) spring A alone.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) spring B alone.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The trolley is released. Determine the initial acceleration of the trolley of mass 0.75 kg.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

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28. This question is about circular motion.

A stone is attached to an inextensible string. The stone is made to rotate at constant speed v in a
horizontal circle. Diagram 1 below shows the stone in two positions A and B.

Diagram 1 Diagram 2

B A

A v

Diagram 2 above shows the velocity vector of the stone at point A.

(a) On diagram 2, draw vectors to show the change in velocity v of the stone from point A
to point B.
(3)

(b) Use your completed diagram 2 to explain why a force, directed towards the centre of the
circle, is necessary to cause circular motion.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)

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29. This question is about circular motion.

A geo-stationary satellite is one that orbits the Earth in an equatorial plane in the same direction
of rotation as that of the Earth and with an orbital period of 24 hours. Since the period of
rotation of the Earth is 24 hours, this means that the satellite is stationary relative to a point on
the Equator.

(a) The diagram below shows a geostationary satellite in orbit about the Earth.

not to scale
satellite

Earth

On the diagram above, draw an arrow to show the direction of acceleration of the
satellite.
(1)

(b) State the name of the force causing the satellite’s acceleration.

...................................................................................................................................
(1)

(c) The distance of the satellite from the centre of the Earth is 4.2  107 m. Calculate the
acceleration of the satellite.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 5 marks)

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30. This question is about gravitational fields.

(a) Define gravitational field strength.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................
(2)

(b) The gravitational field strength at the surface of Jupiter is 25 N kg–1 and the radius of
Jupiter is 7.1  107 m.

(i) Derive an expression for the gravitational field strength at the surface of a planet in
terms of its mass M, its radius R and the gravitational constant G.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Use your expression in (b)(i) above to estimate the mass of Jupiter.

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................

.........................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)

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31. This question is about driving a metal bar into the ground.

Large metal bars can be driven into the ground using a heavy falling object.

object
mass = 2.0×103 kg

bar
mass = 400 kg

In the situation shown, the object has a mass 2.0 × 103 kg and the metal bar has a mass of
400 kg.

The object strikes the bar at a speed of 6.0 m s–1. It comes to rest on the bar without bouncing.
As a result of the collision, the bar is driven into the ground to a depth of 0.75 m.

(a) Determine the speed of the bar immediately after the object strikes it.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)

(b) Determine the average frictional force exerted by the ground on the bar.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(3)
(Total 7 marks)

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32. This question is about the collision between two railway trucks (carts).

(a) Define linear momentum.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(1)

In the diagram below, railway truck A is moving along a horizontal track. It collides with a
stationary truck B and on collision, the two join together. Immediately before the collision,
truck A is moving with speed 5.0 ms–1. Immediately after collision, the speed of the trucks is v.

5.0 ms –1

B
A

Immediately before collision

B
A

Immediately after collision

The mass of truck A is 800 kg and the mass of truck B is 1200 kg.

(b) (i) Calculate the speed v immediately after the collision.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(3)

(ii) Calculate the total kinetic energy lost during the collision.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

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(c) Suggest what has happened to the lost kinetic energy.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 8 marks)

33. This question is about the breaking distance of a car and specific heat capacity.

(a) A car of mass 960 kg is free-wheeling down an incline at a constant speed of 9.0 m s–1.

speed = 9.0 m s -1

15

The slope makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal.

(i) Deduce that the average resistive force acting on the car is 2.4×103N.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(2)

(ii) Calculate the kinetic energy of the car.

...........................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................
(1)

(b) The driver now applies the brakes and the car comes to rest in 15 m. Use your answer to
(a)(ii) to calculate the average braking force exerted on the car in coming to rest.

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
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(c) The same braking force is applied to each rear wheel of the car. The effective mass of
each brake is 5.2 kg with a specific heat capacity of 900 J kg–1 K–1. Estimate the rise in
temperature of a brake as the car comes to rest. State one assumption that you make in
your estimation.

estimate:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................

assumption:

.....................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................
(4)
(Total 9 marks)

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