Basic

Engineeri
ng
2

Mathemat
ENGR. DOMINGO R. POJARDA
Assistant Professor II BUCENG

Problem 1: A man made a profit of P2900 by selling 8 cows

and 14 calves at a gain of 25% of what they cost him. Had he

ics -BEM
sold 14 cows and 8 calves instead at the same percentage of
profit, he would have gained P4000.
Find the original cost of each cow and calf.

Let x = the original cost of each cow

Assignme
Let y = the original cost of each calf

Selling price – Original cost = Profit

Therefore:
Eq.1
(0.25x+x-x)8+(0.25y+y-y)14 = 2900

nt 2
2x+3.5y = 2900
Eq. 2
(0.25x+x-x)14+(0.25y+y-y)8 = 4000
3.5x+2y = 4000

Multiply Eq. 1 by 7 and Eq.2 by -4

Eq.1 14x+24.5y = 20300
Eq. 2 -14x-8y = -16000

Add the new equations

Prepared By: 14x+24.5y = 20300
-14x-8y = -16000
16.5 y = 4300
Divide both sides by 16.5 to get the value of y
16.5 y = 4300 Thus:
16.5 16.5 32800
The original cost of each cow and calf is Php. or Php
8600 33
y=
33 8600
993.94 and Php or Php. 260.61, respectively.
33

Substitute the solved value of y in either Eq.1 or 2 to get the

value of x Problem 2: Find the amount of pure silver and pure lead that
Eq. 2 3.5x +2(8600) = 4000 should be added to 50 kilograms of a mixture containing 25%
33 silver and 30% lead to produce an alloy containing 30% silver
3.5x = 4000-(17200) and 40% lead. Show situation by means of a diagram in color.
33
3.5x = 114800 50kg xkg ykg
33
32800 45% others
x=
33 22.5kg

100%
To check: 25 % silver silver 100%
2x+3.5y = 2900 12.5kg lead
32800 8600
2( ) + 3.5( ) =2900
33 33 30 % lead
65600 3 0100 15kg
+ = 2900
33 33
2900 = 2900

32800 8600 zkg

3.5( ) + 2( ) = 4000
33 33
114800 17200 30% others
+ = 4000
33 33 .3zkg
4000 = 400
30% silver
.3zkg
4

125+10x = 150+3x+3y
10x-3x-3y = 150-125
40% lead
.4zkg 7x-3y = 25
Eq. 3 (10)15+y = 20+.4x+.4y(10)
150+10y = 200+4x+4y
Let x = the amount of pure silver 10y-4x-4y = 200-150
Let y = the amount of pure lead 6y-4x = 50
Let z = the amount of produced alloy
Multiply 2 to Eq. 2 and add the product to Eq. 3 and simplify to
get the value of x
Eq.1 50+x+y = z
14x-6y = 50
Eq.2 12.5+x = .3z
6y-4x = 50
Eq.3 15+y = .4z
10x =100
Substitute the value of z from Eq.1 to Eq.2 and 3 and simplify 10 x 100
=
Eq.2 12.5+x = .3(50+x+y) 10 10
12.5+x = 15+.3x+.3y x=10
Eq.3 15+y = .4(50+x+y)
15+y = 20+.4x+.4y Substitute the value of x to the equation 6y-4x = 50 and
simplify it to get the value of y
6y-4(10) = 50
Multiply both sides of Eq.2 and 3 by 10 and simplify
6y-40 = 50
Eq. 2 (10)12.5+x = 15+.3x+.3y (10)
6y = 50+40
6 y 90
=
6 6
y = 15

Solve for z by substituting the value of x and y in the equation

50+x+y = z
Problem 3: If a number of two digits is divided by the sum of
50+10+15 = z
its digits, the quotient is 4 and the remainder is 6. If 9 is added
z = 75 to the number, the sum has the same digits but inverted. What
is the number?

To check:
Let x = tens digit
12.5+10 = .3(75) Let y = ones digit
Let 10x +y = z (two-digit number)
22.5 = 22.5
Eq.1 10x+y = 4(x+y) +6
10x+y = 4x+4y+6
15+15 = .4(75)
30 = 30 Eq.2 10x+y+9 = 10y+x

Subtract 4x+4y to both sides of Eq. 1 and simplify

Therefore, the amount of pure silver is 10 kg while the pure 10x+y-(4x+4y)= 4x+4y+6-(4x+4y)
lead is 15kg 6x-3y = 6

Subtract 10y+x to both side of Eq. 2 and simplify

10x+y+9- (10y+x) = 10y+x-(10y+x)
9x-9y+9 = 0
6

9x-9y =-9
10(3) +4 =z
Divide both sides of equation 9x-9y =-9 30+4 = z
by -3 34 =z

9 x−9 y −9 To check:
=
−3 −3 10(3)+4 = 4(3+4) +6
-3x+3y = 3 30+4 = 4(7)+6
34 = 34
Add the equations
6x-3y = 6
-3x+3y = 3 10(3)+4+9 = 10(4)+3
3x =9 30+13 = 40+3
43 = 43
Divide both sides of the equation by 3 to solve for x
3x 9
=
3 3 Therefore 34 is the two-digit number
x=3
Substitute the value of x in equation 6x-3y = 6
and simplify to get the value of y

6(3)-3y = 6
18 -3y = 6
-3y = 6-18
-3y = -12
−3 y −12
=
−3 −3
y =4

Substitute the value of x and y in the equation

10x +y = z
 Move the expression from the right side to the left side and
change its sign
x-2-16+8x-x2 = 0

Simplify the equation and rewrite it in standard form

9x-18-x2 = 0
-x2+9x-18 = 0

Multiply -1 to both sides of the equation

x2-9x+18 = 0
Problem 4: Solve for x: Get the roots of the equation using the general formula x =
−b ± √b −4 ac
2

2a
Add 2 to both sides of the equation
Let a=1, b=-9, and c=18
√ x+ √ x−2−2+2 = 0+2
√ x+ √ x−2 = 2 Substitute the value of a, b and c in the general formula and
simplify
Square both side of the equation to remove the radical −(−9) ± √−9 −4(1)(18)
2

( √ x + √ x −2 )2 = 22 x=
2(1)
x+ √ x−2 = 4 9 ± √81−72
x=
2
Subtract x to both sides of the equation 9 ± √9
x+ √ x−2 -x= 4-x x=
2
√ x−2 = 4-x 9 ±3
x=
2
Square both sides of the equation to remove the remaining
radical if x = if x =
( √ x−2 )2 = ( 4−x ) 2 9+3 9−3
2 2
x-2 = 16-8x+x2
8

4k = 2k +1
Look for the value of x that can satisfy the equation by
substituting the possible values of x Subtract 2k to both sides of the equation and simplify
If x = 3 If x = 6 4k -2k = 2k +1-2k
4k-2k = 1
√ 3+√ 3−2 -2= 0 √ 6+√ 6−2 -2= 0 2k = 1
√ 3+√ 1 -2= 0 √ 6+√ 4 -2= 0
√ 3+1-2= 0 √ 3+2-2= 0 Divide both sides of the equation by 2 to get the value of k
√ 4 -2= 0 √ 5 -2= 0 2k 1
¿
2 -2= 0 √ 5 -2 ≠2 2 2
1
k=
Therefore x = 3 2
Problem 5: Solve for k in the equation kx2 - 2kx - x + 5 = 0, if
the sum of the roots is 4. What is the product of the roots? Solving for the product of the roots

Let a = k, b = -2k-1, and c =5 Substitute the value of a and c in the formula x1x2 = c/a
c
x1x2 =
Solving for k a
5
x1x2 =
Substitute the value of a and b in the formula x1 + x2 = -b/a and k
the value of the sum of the roots as 4
−b Substitute the solved value of k in the equation and simplify
x1 + x2 =
a
−(−2 k −1) 5
4= x1x2 =
k k
2 k +1 5
4= x1x2 = 1
k
2
Multiply k to both sides of the equation x1x2 = 10
2 k +1
(k) 4 = (k)
k
 1 8x .25 1 = 2x
thus k = and x1x2 = 10
2 14x .25 1 = 3.5x

Calf
P r t = I
14y .25 1 = 3.5y
18y .25 1 = 2y

Eq.1 2x+3.5y = 2900

Eq.2 3.5y+2y = 4000

Multiply Eq. 1 by 7 and Eq.2 by -4

Eq.1 14x+24.5y = 20300
Eq. 2 -14x-8y = -16000

Problem 1: A man made a profit of P2900 by selling 8 cows Add the new equations
and 14 calves at a gain of 25% of what they cost him. Had he 14x+24.5y = 20300
sold 14 cows and 8 calves instead at the same percentage of -14x-8y = -16000
profit, he would have gained P4000. 16.5 y = 4300
Find the original cost of each cow and calf.
Divide both sides by 16.5 to get the value of y
Let x = the original cost of each cow 16.5 y = 4300
Let y = the original cost of each calf 16.5 16.5
y = 8600
Prt = I 33

Cow Substitute the solved value of y in either Eq.1 or 2 to get the

P r t = I value of x
Eq. 2 3.5x +2(8600) = 4000
10

33
3.5x = 4000-(17200)
33
3.5x = 114800
33
x = 32800
33

Thus:
32800
The original cost of each cow and calf is Php. or Php
33
8600
993.94 and Php or Php. 260.61, respectively.
33