Physics
GRADE 9
2ND QUARTER
TOPICS
➔ (1) Free Fall
➔ Displacement
➔ Velocity
➔ Acceleration
➔ Sign Convention
➔ (2) Projectile Motion
➔ Horizontal Motion
➔ Vertical Motion
➔ Height, Angles, Range
➔ (3) Impulse and Momentum
➔ Collision
➔ Law of Conservation
of Momentum
➔ (4) Energy
➔ Potential Energy
➔ Kinetic Energy
FREE FALL
➔ Only experiences the force
of gravity
➔ Mass does not affect the
rate of fall
➔ Experiencing constant
value of acceleration -
9.8m/s^2 both when
thrown and falling down
➔ Air resistance: Falls
slower especially if it
has a large surface area
➔ All free-falling objects
have the same rate of fall
1
DISPLACEMENT
➔ Change of location
➔ Intervals get longer as it
falls
➔ Displacement is negative
downward
➔ Increases as the object
falls down
VELOCITY
➔ Velocity is constantly
increasing when falling
down
➔ Rate of displacement
➔ Vector quantity (object
has magnitude and
direction)
➔ The increase in the
velocity for each time
interval is constant (-
9.8m/s)
➔ The value is negative
because it is going
downwards (straight path)
➔ Initial Velocity 0
➔ Decreases when going up
➔ *terminal velocity =
constant velocity
ACCELERATION
➔ Acceleration is constant
 ➔ How fast velocity is
changing
➔ Uniformly accelerated motion
= free falling body
(-9.8m/s^2)
➔ The acceleration of an
object dropped from rest is
the same with the
acceleration of an object
thrown downward.
Equations for Free Fall
(Vertical Motion)
SIGN CONVENTION
➔ Distances above the origin
are positive; while below
the origin are negative
➔ Upward velocities -
positive; Downward
velocities - negative
➔ Acceleration due to
gravity are always
negative
EXAMPLES OF FREE FALL
➔ Moon revolving around the
earth
➔ Fruit falling from a tree
➔ Stone dropped from a hill
2
➔ Spacecraft in continuous
orbit
➔ Skydiving
PROJECTILE MOTION
➔ An object upon which the
force acting is gravity
➔ Free falling body is an
example of projectile
➔ Curved/parabolic path also
known as trajectory
➔ Horizontal and Vertical
Motion are independent
components from each other
and happens simultaneously
➔ Use pythagorean theorem to
determine the magnitude of
the actual velocity.
√a^2+b^2
HORIZONTAL MOTION
➔ Distance is constant
➔ Velocity is constant
(represented as Vx)
➔ Does not accelerate (no
change in velocity = no
acceleration)
➔ Has no force (is
experiencing law of
inertia)
➔ If launched horizontally,
the initial horizontal
velocity is non-zero
➔ Horizontal velocity:
Vx=Vicosθ
VERTICAL MOTION
➔ Distance is increasing
➔ Velocity is increasing (-
9.8m/s)(represented as Vy)
➔ Is in constant
acceleration (-9.8m/s^2)
➔ Has gravitational force
➔ Initial vertical velocity
is zero
➔ Vertical velocity:
Viy=Visinθ
HEIGHT, ANGLES, RANGE
➔ The angle and the height
IMPULSE
are directly proportional
➔ All complementary angles
will have the same value
of range
➔ Range: R=Vxt
➔ Height: Dy= Viy + ½ gt2
COLLISION
MOMENTUM
➔ Mass in motion
➔ How objects are moving
before they interact and
then after they interact
➔ Vector quantity
3
➔ Mass x Velocity = Momentum
➔ kg-m/s, N-s
➔ Change in velocity is a
change in momentum
➔ To change momentum, we
must apply a net force
➔ The longer the force is
applied, the greater the
change in momentum
➔ The greater the mass OR
velocity, the greater the
momentum
➔ Change in momentum and
amount of time
➔ Force x Time
➔ F x t = m (Vf - Vi)
➔ mv/t = N (<-Newtons/force)
➔ If time is decreased, the
force needed is greater
(inversely proportional)
➔ kg-m/s or N-s
➔ Force = I/t
➔ Occur when one object
strikes each other
➔ ELASTIC - objects
bounce back
➔ NON-ELASTIC - stick
together in one
direction
Elastic Inelastic
Total p before = p p before = p
Momentum after, after,
conserved conserved

Total KE KE before = KE before >

KE after, KE after, not
conserved conserved

Definition Bounce Stick

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MOMENTUM

➔ Two or more bodies in an
isolated system collide
ENERGY
with each other, their
➔ Energy is required for the
total momentum remains
evolution of life forms on
constant unless an
earth.
external force is applied.
➔ It is defined as the
➔ Momentum can neither be
capacity to do work.
created nor destroyed
➔ There are many types of
➔ Internal - forces that
energy such as heat,
particles of a system
electrical, chemical,
exert on one another
nuclear, etc.
➔ External - forces applied
➔ To find the velocity, take
on any part of the system
the square root of 2KE/m
by other objects outside
the system.
POTENTIAL ENERGY
➔ For an Isolated System,
➔ Stored energy of an object
total momentum before
depending on its position
interaction is equal to
➔ The higher the object, the
➔ total momentum after
greater the potential
interaction.
energy.
➔ The greater the mass, the
greater potential energy.
➔ PE = mgh
➔ The potential energy due
to its position is called

KINETIC ENERGY ➔ KE = ½mv2

➔ Energy possessed by a body
because of its motion.

4
MECHANICAL ENERGY ➔ Energy is neither lost nor
➔ The sum of Potential created.
Energy and Kinetic Energy

CONSERVATION OF MECHANICAL
ENERGY
➔ The mechanical energy in a
closed system is always
conserved.
➔ The amount of each energy
(PE & KE) may change but
the total sum doesn’t.

LIST OF FORMULAS
Velocity Momentum/Mass

Impulse Force x Time

Force Impulse/Time

Time Impulse/Force

Kinetic ½ mv^2

Potential mgh

Range Vx(t)

Height Viy+ ½ (g)(t)^2

Momentum Mass x Velo

Mass Momentum/Velo