Manila Adventist College

1975 Corner Donada and San Juan Streets, Pasay City

School of Business - Accountancy Department

ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

COUNTRY

Kazakhstan

Date:

May 12, 2023

Submitted by:

Mangcoy,Gracieline S.

Submitted to:

Mrs.Shella Mae Fernandez

 Introduction

This study is focused on the Central Asian nation of Kazakhstan, spelled "Qazaqstan

Respublikas." It is divided into 14 regions. Kazakhstan is bounded by Russia on the northwest

and north, China on the east, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, the Aral Sea, and Turkmenistan on the

south, and the Caspian Sea on the southwest. In the nation of Kazakhstan, Astana serves as the

capital. Astana, in the country's north central region close to the Ishim River, is the point where

the Trans-Kazakhstan and South Siberian trains converge. Kazakh and Russian are the two

languages that are most often spoken in Kazakhstan. 64.4% of Kazakhstan's population, or

around 5,290,000 people, speak Kazakh, which is written using the Cyrillic alphabet. Russian is

widely spoken in the nation, with a fluency rate of about 95%.

History

On December 16, 1991, Kazakhstan declared independence from the Soviet Union and

joined the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) by winning the uncontested presidential

elections of Nursultan Nazarbayev. It was previously inhabited by nomadic tribes before they

succeeded. The region was conquered by the Mongol Empire in the 13th century, when it was

annexed by the Kazakh Khanate. Taraz and Turkestan were developed at this time as trading

centers along the Great Silk Road. In the 1700s, as the Kazakh Khanate began to disintegrate, the
Russian Empire started to conquer the region. The Kazakhs briefly enjoyed independence

following the fall of the Russian Empire, but they quickly joined the Soviet Union. In 1920,

Kazakhstan was granted USSR status as an independent republic. It was known as the Kyrgyz

Autonomous Province up until 1925 to set its inhabitants apart from the Cossacks. In 1936, the

Soviet Union officially recognized and admitted the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR).

The other future Central Asian republics were previously a member of the Turkestan

Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), while northern Kazakhstan was a separate

ASSR. Nikita Khrushchev, the Soviet leader, launched the Virgin Lands program in 1953. This

was an attempt to industrialize Kazakhstan's agriculturally based economy. As a republic within

the Soviet Union, Kazakhstan proclaimed its sovereignty over its territory on October 25, 1990.

Kazakhstan proclaimed independence after the failed coup attempt in Moscow in August 1991,

making it the final Soviet country to do so.

Alikhan Nurmukhameduly Bukeikhanov, a politician and publisher

from Kazakhstan who served as the Chairman (Prime Minister) of the

Provisional National Government of Alash Orda and one of the leaders of

the Alash party from late 1917 to 1920, became the nation's first president

during the period of Alash autonomy.

The Supreme Soviet proclaimed state sovereignty and

chose Nursultan Nazarbayev as the first president of

Kazakhstan on October 25, 1990. It was born on July

6, 1940, served as the first President of the Kazakh

Soviet Socialist Republic when it attained independence. He is a military officer and politician

from Kazakhstan. With the exception of the chairmanship of the Security Council following the

end of his presidency, he was one of the longest-serving non-royal leaders in the world, having

ruled Kazakhstan for almost three decades.

Then came Kassym-Jomart Kemeluly Tokayev, a

Kazakh politician and diplomat born on May 17,

1953, who took over as president of Kazakhstan on

March 20, 2019. The first several years of Tokayev's

presidency were viewed as transitional in nature. The

"Leader of the Nation," as defined by the constitution, Nazarbayev, kept his position but

eventually handed it up to Tokayev. Tokayev succeeded Nazarbayev as leader of the ruling

party, Nur Otan, in November after taking up the chairmanship of the Assembly of the People of

Kazakhstan, a body charged with representing the nation's various ethnic groups, in April 2021.

Geography

Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest nation in the world and the biggest in Central Asia. From

east to west, it is roughly 1,820 miles (2,930 kilometers) long, and from north to south, it is 960

miles. There are many different landforms, landmarks, bodies of water, and cities in Kazakhstan,

but I chose only the top 3.

One of the most major landforms in Kazakhstan is

called the Dzungarian Gate, it is a physically and

historically significant mountain pass that connects

Central Asia and China. Given its association with

specifics in a story related by Herodotus, it has been linked to the location of the legendary

Hyperborea. It has been described as the "one and only gateway in the mountain wall, which

stretches from Manchuria to Afghanistan over a distance of three thousand miles."

Second, the Kazakh uplands, frequently

referred to as the Kazakh Hummocks, are

a huge peneplain structure that encircles

much of Kazakhstan's central and eastern

areas. The West Siberian Plain to the

north, Irtysh Valley to the northeast, Balkhash-Alakol Basin to the south and southeast, Turan

Lowland to the southwest, and Turgay Depression to the west are the boundaries of the Kazakh

Uplands.

The last is the Karagiye, also referred to as the

"Karagiye Depression" and the "Karagiye

Mountain Trench." With a depth of 85 km and a

width of 25 km, this natural landform is

surrounded by extremely steep slopes. The

location, which is 132 meters below sea level, is

among the lowest in the entire planet. The

Kazakh meaning of its name is "a black hollow." The valley of the depression is filled with

ravines, gullies, hollows, and gorges, and snow-white mountains rise all around, despite the fact

that it is not dark in hue but rather has dominant yellow and white.
Their unique nature is characterized by the variety of their landscapes: in the south-west, deserts

or semi-deserts can be found; in the center, east, and south-east of Kazakhstan, mountains are

popular tourist destinations; and in the north, the steppe and forest steppe zones predominate.

Steppe is Kazakhstan's most notable feature. Barrows, buried towns, and stone statues are just a

few of the historical relics that this country is home to. The country of Kazakhstan is full of

beautiful natural landmarks and attractions.

One of the largest Orthodox cathedrals in Kazakhstan

is the Ascension Cathedral of Almaty, sometimes

referred to as Zenkov Cathedral. It is situated in the

famous 28 Panfilov Guardsmen Park. The Ascension

Cathedral is currently extremely important to

Kazakhstan's multicultural culture, because of the lives

of thousands Orthodox Christians. Additionally, Almaty can be proud of this priceless

architectural and historical landmark.

Then is it followed by Bayterek Tower, an

observation tower and monument with a height of 97

meters, it was finished in 1997. Literally meaning

"high poplar," the word "bayterek" in Kazakh

designates the particular tree. It is intended to

represent a folktale from Kazakh about a mythical tree of life and a magical bird of happiness

named Samruk, whose egg is said to have been laid between the branches of this tree's
mythological body. This is why the name Bayterek Tower is a perfect fit for a national landmark

full of symbolism and meaning that unites the ancient and modern in a celebration of progress.

Then the last landmark is Aisha Bibi Mausoleum, it is the only

building in the nation entirely covered in terracotta tiles, giving it

a distinctive structure. There were several urban stories

concerning Aish-Bibi's affection for Taraz Karakhan's monarch.

Locals love the Aisha-Bibi Mausoleum, which is a UNESCO

World Heritage Site. There is always a calm and peaceful

atmosphere. People firmly believe that happy lives are

guaranteed for those who visit the mausoleum. Nowadays, many tourists and pilgrims visit the

mausoleums. Most of the guests are newlyweds from the surrounding areas.

Kazakhstan has 8,500 small and large rivers; 48,000 lakes complete this water paradise.

Very impressive the numerous fresh-hand salt water, steppe lakes, and the only inland sea in the

world (2,340 km of Caspian Sea Coast).

One of those major bodies of water in Kazakhstan

is Big Almaty Lake, a natural reservoir that is

situated high in the Ili Alatau mountains, over

8,000 feet above sea level, with three peaks rising

above the canyon as its backdrop. In the spring,

while the snow is melting, the lake's color becomes more milky blue. Being the primary source
of water for the citizens of Almaty, Big Almaty Lake is unusual in that swimming is not

permitted there.

Next is Golubaya Bay, in the Caspian Sea, which is

located on the Mangyshlak Peninsula, in the

Mangistau region of Kazakhstan. One of the most

beautiful areas on the peninsula is thought to be the

beaches of this bay. It is one of the biggest

undeveloped beaches along Kazakhstan's Caspian Sea coast. This fact attracts those who enjoy

romance and pristine nature.

Lastly, the Issyk-Kul, it is 182 kilometers

long from west to east and 58 kilometers

long from north to south. Issyk is a

magnificent alpine lake encircled by

extraordinarily stunning natural features,

such as dense forests and expansive flower meadows. The lake is situated in the Trans-Ili

Alatau's Issyk valley at a height of 1760 meters above sea level, about 70 kilometers to the east

of Almaty.

The region occupied by the Republic of Kazakhstan is the ninth-largest in the entire

planet. It measures 2,724.9 thousand kilometers in length. In Kazakhstan, there are 402

renowned cities. The population of each of the top three cities exceeds one million.
 Almaty continues to be Kazakhstan's biggest,

most advanced, and most ethnically and

culturally diversified city. Despite having a

distinctly continental climate, it is situated in

one of Kazakhstan's most blessed regions and one of the region's most climatically balanced

locales. With 1,854,656 residents, Almaty is the city with the largest population. It is regarded as

the principal business and cultural hub of the nation.

Nur-Sultan, also known as Astana, is the

capital and second-most populous city of

Kazakhstan, with 1,136,000 residents. Many

tourists' first encounter with Kazakhstan is in

Nur-Sultan, which Lonely Planet has dubbed the "Singapore of the Steppes" and is a planned city

that houses the capital as well as numerous futuristic structures and contemporary

skyscrapers.Due to Kazakhstan's rapid economic development, more people are moving there

every year.

Shymkent, with 1,042,000 residents, is the

city with the third-highest population. The

Persian historian Sharaf a Hell, a Dyne of Ali

of "Zafar Name" wrote a book in 1425 that

had the first mention of the city of Shymkent.

On the Great Silk Road, the city is situated at

a fork in the road. Due to its proximity to and enrichment of the cultures and traditions of more

than 100 different nations, the region prides itself on being the most multicultural area in the

nation.

Culture

Kazakhstan's well-developed culture is founded on its people's nomadic pastoral way of life.

Turkic nomadic culture has a significant influence on Kazakh culture. Many other traditional

foods still have symbolic meaning. According to my research, Kazakhstan's national character is

primarily characterized by hospitality, which is seen as a holy obligation in Kazakh society. The

phrase "Meet a guest as God's messenger" is an unwritten rule in Kazakh society that dates back

to ancient times. One of the most practical styles of portable housing is the yurt.

Clothing

The culture of Kazakhstan includes wearing Kazakh

clothes. And mostly seen in rural areas, at various

ethnic festivals, or on display in museums. In

Kazakhstan, men's apparel was limited to a basic

shirt, some pants, and a hat. The most significant

piece of clothing was the "shapan," or dressing gown, which served as a social rank indicator. It

is made up of a capana, which is a bathrobe with a belt, and a headpiece, which may be a

skullcap, a cap, or a fur hat.

A long dress or blouse, pants, a cap, and a vest or robe were the only items of clothes

worn by women in Kazakhstan. It comprises of unique outfits and a "saukele," which is a

wedding headgear. The "kimeshek," a white shawl that is draped in a particular way around the

head, takes the place of the saukele once a child is born.

The standard of Kazakh clothing and each of its component parts also allowed one to determine a

person's social standing and the family or clan to which he belonged. Historically, the elite

occasionally produced their own clothing from imported fabrics like silk and velvet, while the

poor wore clothing fashioned from the skins of wild animals. Nowadays, Kazakhstani traditional

clothing is rare sight.

Holidays

There are numerous holidays celebrated in Kazakhstan, some of them are centered around its

history. Although we have the same holidays with them, their celebration dates are different. For

example, whereas Filipinos celebrate Christmas Day every December, the Kazakhs do it every

January. I chose a few of the well-known and revered holidays that they observe.

The most well-known holiday in Kazakhstan is Independence Day, which is observed on

December 16 in honor of their nation's liberation. Then, the most celebrated holiday there is

called Nauryz, which means to "new day," and it takes place every March 21. Nauryz represents

goodness and wealth, happiness, love, and a special day for friendship. Also, it marks the

beginning of a new year. Additionally, they applaud the Kazakhstan People Solidarity, a

celebration of the country's diverse ethnic groups' unity, which takes place on May 1.

Constitution Day, which is celebrated annually on August 30 to honor the adoption of the

Kazakhstani Constitution in 1995, is also the country's most important holiday. Last but not least,

Republic Day, which is observed on October 25 every year, is a national holiday in Kazakhstan.

It commemorates the proclamation of independence of the Kazakh SSR from the Soviet Union.

Individual Soviet Union countries sought increased autonomy during the final years of the Soviet

Union's dominance.
Food

Kazakh national cuisine is a storehouse of delicious meat and milk dishes. Traditional Kazakh

foods reflect nomadic peoples and Middle Eastern influences. This nation is one of the largest

consumers of meat in the world; on average, every Kazakhstani eats 73 kilograms of meat per

year. Horsemeat and mutton are the most common foods. These are my top 3 dishes that I like in

Kazakhstan but have not tried yet.

Besbarmak

It is the national dish of Kazakhstan, and it

consists of boiled meat served with thin pasta

sheets and a sauce (chyk) made from onions.

"bеs" ("fivе") and "bаrmаk" ("fingеr"), which means "fivе fingеrs". They eat this with their

hands. The dish has a lot of cultural significance and reflects Kazakhstan’s hospitality customs.

Pilaf

The world-famous rice dish is considered a sign of

wealth and prosperity in Kazakhstan. It is made from

rice, meat, onions, carrots, raisins, chickpeas, garlic, and

spices and is increasingly common at holiday

gatherings.
 Kuurdak

As one of the oldest dishes of the Kazakh people,

kuurdak was first mentioned in the 15th century. Its

name comes from the word "kuyru", which means

to roast in Kazakh. While the dish is prepared in

Kyrgyzstan using meats like mutton or beef, the Kazakh variation is made from sheep's liver,

kidney, heart, and lungs. Because these ingredients have a very short shelf life, kuurdak is

prepared immediately after slaughtering the sheep.

Music

Kazakh traditional folklore and music have a long history together and are

closely related. Over the years, improvised music was generally used to

accompany the telling of legends, fairy tales, and epics.

But the history of Kazakh musical instruments is widely known.

The most well-known musical instruments in Kazakhstan are the kobyz,

dombra, dabyl, and zhetygen. These instruments were originally designed

for sending signals during hunts or for religious shamanistic rites. Kazakh folk music is now

regarded as a significant aspect of Kazakhstan's cultural legacy. Folk motifs are frequently used

in new works by composers and artists, and the tradition of musical innovation is being

preserved. The Almaty Museum of Musical Instruments is one of the best places to go if you

want to learn more about the origins of Kazakh music.

 Religions

Islam Christianity Irreligious Other Religions

Islam is the predominant religion of Kazakhstan,
2.9 0.1
which is regarded as an Islamic nation due to the

majority Muslim population. More than 3,088

26.3

active religious organizations and communities,

representing 46 different religious systems, can

70.2
be found in the secular state of modern

Kazakhstan. There are currently 3,244 places of

worship, including churches, mosques, and others. Nearly all major world faiths, including

Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism, as well as historical polytheistic societies

and contemporary religious ideologies, have adherents in Kazakhstan.

Governments

A unitary state with a presidential form of government, the Republic of Kazakhstan. According

to the Constitution, Kazakhstan is a democratic, secular, legal, and social state that prioritizes the

individual, his life, rights, and liberties above all else.

The President of the Republic of Kazakhstan is the head of state and the highest elected official

in the nation. As Kazakhstan's representative abroad, he or she sets the major lines of the nation's

foreign and domestic policy. The President serves as a representation and guarantor of

governmental authority, constitutional principles, and citizen and individual rights and freedoms.

The government oversees the system of executive bodies, executes executive powers, and

oversees their operations. The Majlis and the Senate are the two permanent chambers that make
up the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which has legislative duties. The Senate is

made up of deputies, two of whom represent each region of the nation, together with the capital

city of Kazakhstan and the cities of national significance. The President appoints ten senators,

five of whom are chosen on the Assembly of Kazakhstan's People's recommendation. There are

98 members of the Majlis. The tenure of Senate deputies' powers is six years, while that of

Majilis deputies' powers is five years. There are three cities of national significance in the nation,

which is organized into 17 administrative regions.

Economy

Kazakhstan has the most abundant natural resources and the largest agricultural plains in

all of Central Asia. This nation is a big exporter of energy as well as a producer of coal, crude

oil, and natural gas. Renewable energy sources make up a modest but growing portion of

Kazakhstan's electricity generation, which is still largely powered by coal. In addition,

Kazakhstan has significant reserves of coal, gold, and manganese in addition to being the world's

greatest producer of uranium (33% of global production in 2021, USGS). Furthermore, it is the

third-largest producer of titanium, seventh for zinc, eighth for lead, and eleventh for gold in the

world. Moreover, it is home to 95% of the world's chromium reserves as well as 30% of the

chromite ore resources.

The majority of Kazakhstan's manufacturing, refining, and metallurgical facilities are

located in Semey, Petropavl, and Aktobe in the country's north and northeast. Shymkent is a

significant hub for chemicals, light manufacturing, metallurgy, and food processing in south-

central Kazakhstan, while Almaty is significant for light manufacturing, machine building, and

food processing. Grassland, sparse vegetation, and open shrubland are Kazakhstan's three most
significant natural land cover classifications. Although Kazakhstan is home to many different

ecoregions, the four main biomes are forested steppe, steppe, semi-desert, and desert, in that

order of increasing aridity. 179.9 million hectares, or almost 60% of Kazakhstan's land, are

desertified. Based on my research, the estimation for the land use for agricultural land is 80%,

for forest and for water areas is same as 1%, and for other land it is 18%. Land classified as other

includes built-up areas, roads and other transportation features, barren land, or wasteland.

Major Occupations

8,983,900.000 people were reportedly employed in Kazakhstan as of February

2023.And it is the high record in their country’s history, and a record low of 6,173,900.000

people was recorded in January 2001. Engineering, construction, mining, manufacturing,

teaching, education, selling, and market vendors are currently the leading professions in

Kazakhstan. But teachers are in high demand.

Currency

The national currency of the Republic of

Kazakhstan – tenge – was introduced on

November 15, 1993. The term Tenge means “a

set of scales” in the Turkic languages. Besides

the Kazakhstani tenge, no other currency is

officially accepted in Kazakhstan.

The value of 1 Kazakhstani Tenge today’s date, May 2023, in USD is 0.0022 and in Philippine

pesos is 12 centavos.
Arms, Deliveries to the World, by Major Suppliers

In 1995–1999, Kazakhstan became the 25th largest arms importer in the world. The main

supplier of arms to Kazakhstan in 1991–2020 is Russia, which provides 85 percent of arms

imports to Kazakhstan, followed by Europe (6%) and Ukraine (3%), while Israel (1.4%), the

USA (1.4%), China (1.1%), and others (2.2%).

Economic Freedom

Kazakhstan ranked 71st in the Index of Economic Freedom in 2023, according to the

rating's results, with a score of 62.1 points.The 2023 ranking included 176 nations. Kazakhstan is

one of 39 nations in the Asia-Pacific area, and it is ranked number thirteen.At the same time, the

nation's score is predicted to be higher than the global average (59.3 points) and the average for

the area (58.2 points).

Electricity Consumption

Around 3.9 toe and 4 500 kWh of electricity will be consumed per capita in 2021. After the

residential sector, industry is the main final energy consumer. The use of 92.13 billion kWh of

electricity annually is the key factor in the energy balance of Kazakhstan. This average amount is

per capita is 4,849 kWh.

Gasoline Prices

In April 2023, Kazakhstan's gasoline cost 0.47 USD per liter, the same as the previous

month. The highest and lowest prices per liter were 0.56 USD and 0.39 USD, respectively.

Octane-95 gasoline is priced at 212.5 Kazakhstan tenges per liter. For reference, the global

average price of fuel during this time is 586.93 Kazakhstan tenges.

Malicious Internet/Cyberspace Activity by Source

Kazakhstan measures its progress using the Global Cybersecurity Index, which the

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been producing since 2014. National anti-

government demonstrations in Kazakhstan started at the beginning of January 2022. The protests

quickly descended into disorder and violence. Russian forces were sent with military assistance

from the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a Russia-led forerunner of NATO,

while the nation's internet was purposefully shut down. Digital disruptions are now frequent

during political instability in Kazakhstan, a post-Soviet nation where nearly 90% of the

population has access to the internet.

Nuclear Power Plants

In Kazakhstan, 207 power stations under various ownerships produce electricity. As of

January 1, 2023, Kazakhstan's power plants have a combined installed capacity of 24523,7 MW

and a combined available capacity of 20761,7 MW. BN-350 power reactor, Kazakhstan has four

research reactors: one in Alatau, close to the former capital of Almaty (WWR-K), and three in

the former Semipalatinsk Test Site (EWG 1, IGR, and RA).

Patent Applications

The World Bank's collection of development indicators, assembled from officially

recognized sources, indicates that Kazakhstani citizens filed 803 patent applications in 2020.

The World Bank provided the actual numbers, historical statistics, forecasts, and estimates for

Kazakhstan (patent applications, residents) in May 2023.

➢ In Kazakhstan, a patent is valid for 20 years following the date of filing. It is possible to

request a 5-year extension of this period for patents on medicinal products and
 agrochemicals. A Supplementary Protection Certificate (SPC) will be sent out if a patent

is extended.

➢ Before submitting an application, there is a six-month grace period for novelty following

the revelation of the invention's details.

➢ After 31 months have passed since the priority date, a PCT application may reach the

Kazakh national phase. In Kazakhstan, a conventional patent application must be

submitted within 12 months of the priority date.

Quality of Infrastructure

Kazakhstan's current infrastructure is of high quality. Infrastructure demands in Kazakhstan are

rising in step with the country's burgeoning economy and expanding population. Oil and gas

pipelines are part of Kazakhstan's transportation network. There are 3,480 kilometers (2,162

miles) of natural gas pipelines in Kazakhstan, 1,500 kilometers (932 miles) of pipelines for

refined oil products, and 2,850 kilometers (1,770 miles) of pipelines for crude oil.

Communication

The estimated value of the Kazakhstani ICT market in 2021 is USD 2.3 billion, or 3% of GDP,

with the telecommunications and information technology segments accounting for 66% and 34%

of the entire industry, respectively. A total of USD 1.5 billion was generated by

telecommunication services in 2021, including Internet (38%), mobile communications (26%),

and the remaining telecommunication services.

 Climate

Kazakhstan is a landlocked nation with a continental climate that includes scorching

summers, chilly winters, and little to no precipitation. Only the northern part of the country

enjoys a humid climate, creating humid continental and temperate continental zones. The

majority of the country is covered by arid climate zones such deserts, semi-deserts, or

Mediterranean continental. Kazakhstan experiences an extreme continental climate, with long,

hot summers and cold winters. There are thaws up to 5 °C during the long, cold winters in the

north of the country, when temperatures have occasionally reached 52 °C (Nur-Sultan). Winter

in the north lasts from October to April, while summer lasts 3 months and spring only lasts 1.5

months. Although it sometimes happens in April, snowfall occurs predominantly in November.

The modest quantity of precipitation that is reported annually is typical for nearly all of

Kazakhstan. The average annual rainfall for the majority of places is only 100 to 200 millimeters

(3.9 to 7.8 inches). This is even less than one hundred millimeters per year in the central and

southern regions. Much more rain falls in the eastern mountain regions.

Only 100–200 mm of precipitation falls annually in desert regions, such as the central Betpak

Dala desert and the southern Kyzyl-Kum desert, compared to 200–500 mm in steppe regions. In

the foothills and mountains, annual precipitation ranges from 500 to 1,600 mm.As a

consequence, temperatures in the country's capital, Nur-Sultan, in January and February can drop

as low as -16°C, while in the country's most populous city, Almaty, in the southeast, they

typically stay above -7°C. Similar to this, the average July temperature might range from 20°C in

the north and northeast to 29°C in southern regions close to the Uzbek border.While the

summers are hot, with average temperatures of 22°C to 23°C in June, July, and August, the
winter months (December to February) are quite cold, with national averages between -9°C and -

12°C.

Droughts that occur more frequently and a lack of water security could harm agricultural

productivity in crop and livestock operations. The 2050s are predicted to see a 50% decrease in

spring wheat yields in Kazakhstan as a result of increased temperatures and decreased soil

moisture.The data in the paper demonstrates the severity of climate change and its effects on

Kazakhstani society's health, from a rise in natural disaster-related mortality to a worsening of

the country's food security.

Interesting Facts

Population

Kazakhstan, which is ranked 64 on the list, has a population that is equal to 0.24 percent of the

entire global population. Furthermore, Kazakhstan's median age is 30.7 years old, according to

data from the UN. And 57.7% of the population of Kazakhstan lives in urban areas. As of 2023,

there are 19,410,938 people living in Kazakhstan, up from 18,776,707 in 2020. Kazakhs make up

63.17% of the population, followed by Russians (23.7%), Uzbeks (2.85%), Ukrainians (2.08%),

Uighurs (1.4%), Tatars (1.28%), Germans (1.11%), and others (4.51%) in the national census of

2009.
Story behind the flag

Kazakhstan places a high value on its flag,

primarily because it represents its national

identity and sovereignty. Shaken

Niyazbekov created this flag, which was

formally accepted in 1992.

The State Flag of Kazakhstan is a rectangular flag with a sky-blue background, a picture of the

sun in the center, and a steppe eagle soaring underneath it. Additionally, the national ornamental

motifs are displayed in a vertical strip that runs the length of the flagstaff. Golden hues can be

seen in the sun, adornments, eagles, and sun rays. The sky-blue hue has additional meaning in

heraldry beyond just fidelity, honesty, and integrity. In order to symbolize their devotion to this

god, Turkic culture places a high value on this color. The blue color of Kazakhstan also

symbolizes a clear sky, prosperity, and tranquility. The sun also represents richness, wealth, life,

and vitality in heraldry. Additionally, it shows that the nation is vibrant and prepared to work

with other nations. Typically, a steppe eagle denotes strength, generosity, and wisdom. A soaring

steppe eagle represents freedom and sovereignty, a bright future, and a desire to reach lofty

objectives. Additionally, it is a symbol of power, integrity of mind, boldness, freedom, and

fidelity. The vertical stripe with distinctive national decorative motifs is another aspect of the

flag. This ornament reveals the Kazakhs' distinctive artistic worldview, which is strictly in line

with their aesthetic preferences. Additionally, it symbolizes Kazakhstan's artistic and cultural

traditions.
Travel tips

Due to the'stan' portion, many individuals worry about the safety of travel in Kazakhstan. In

Kazakhstan, there isn't a lot of crime or violence. The bulk of the inhabitants are friendly and

helpful, and the only possible harm is a severe hangover from consuming too much vodka.

Even though Kazakhstan is a huge country, traveling there is very safe, contrary to the concerns

of some. Foreigners are respected in Kazakhstan, which is normally a fairly pleasant nation.

These are Kazakhstan travel's top 8 suggestions.

• Planning includes everything, from where to go, where to stay, places to visit, how to

travel, everything.

• Best time to travel- It is recommended to visit Kazakhstan during the monsoon season,

that is, the months of July and August.

• Know The Language- Knowing a bit of the common language will not hurt you but

would only help you if you need any assistance in the place.

• Look For the Best Hotels- the hotels provide you with the world-class facilities it is

important to check the price, location, mobility and other factors while choosing a hotel.

• Become A Shopaholic- You should get into those malls and bazaars of the country and

buy the best of the products so as to cherish the memories of your trip later.

• Hunt Those Local Dishes- wandering in the places then you should let yourself get lost in

the cities of Kazakhstan and discover some of the most delicious dishes of the world that

you would have never had.

• Carry That cash- most of the places in Kazakhstan prefer trading in cash. So it is

important for you to carry with yourself enough cash while you are on your trip.
 • Make Use of Public Transport- By taking a train or buses, not only it is cheap way to

travel long distances, but there are also regular connections between all of the main cities

and towns and you'll meet many locals along the way.

Tourist Arrivals

The Kazakh culture and sport minister has revealed the numbers of overseas arrivals in

Kazakhstan since the beginning of 2023, Kaz-inform reports. As for nearby countries, over 58.2

thousand tourists from Russia, over 11.2 thousand from Uzbekistan, and around three thousand

from Kyrgyzstan have visited Kazakhstan since the start of 2023. The country has also received

over 2.3 thousand visitors from China and up to 2.3 thousand from Tajikistan. There has been an

upward trend in the number of arrivals from India, as the figure has closed in on 3,000.

Almaty appears to be the top destination for foreign tourists, with around 40 thousand

international arrivals. The Kazakh capital of Astana has welcomed over 22 thousand tourists:

Aktobe region (4,733), Atyrau region (4,212), Mangistau region (3,023), West Kazakhstan

region (2,778), Pavlodar region (2,719), North Kazakhstan region (2,651), Shymkent city

(2,586), and Karaganda region (2,573).

Modes of transportation

Rail, road, maritime, air, and pipeline transit are all part of Kazakhstan's

transportation system. In Kazakhstan, buses and minibuses are the primary

modes of public transportation. Some cities have working trams and

trolleybuses. The fast Talgo business class train, common long-distance trains, and regional

electric trains are the three different types of trains.

Strange laws

At Kazakhstan, taking photos of military and government facilities is also prohibited by law, as

is taking photos at or near airports. Photographing security facilities, border areas, and some

government buildings is illegal. Some locations, such as bigger stores and supermarkets, restrict

photography.

Kazakhstan is a usually secure country to live in. However, there are occasional tensions

between the rich and the poor; muggings and thefts happen, particularly in urban areas.

Native Animals

Kazakhstan is home to a diverse range of species. Additionally, the saiga antelope, snow leopard,

and cinereous vulture are indigenous to Kazakhstan. The broad, flexible nose of a saiga makes it

distinct from other animals. It serves as a filter to keep out dust in the summer and warm up

chilly air in the winter. Snow leopards are the following. These huge cats are mostly found in the
mountain ranges of Kazakhstan and are thought to be in danger of going extinct. The cinereous

vulture is the last species to be discussed. A few thousand feet below Mount Everest's summit, at

least one was discovered.

Education

Kazakhstan has about 150 universities, many of which are situated in both the old city

Almaty and the present capital Astana. Three levels of degrees are offered by universities in

Kazakhstan: bachelor's (four years), master's (two years), and doctoral (five years). Al-Farabi

Kazakh National institution (KazNU), this nation's oldest and largest institution, is located in

Almaty, the former capital city. Eight universities in Kazakhstan are listed in the QS World

University Rankings® 2016/17. It was founded in 1934 and now instructs more than 20,000

students, including postgraduates. There are about 4,000 international students who represent

more than 80 nations. The next institution is L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University

(ENU), one of Kazakhstan's top traditional universities. ENU was established in 1996 in Astana

and now enrolls roughly 13,000 students. ENU now contains 26 scientific institutions, including

research institutes, labs, and science centers. Its objective is to become a top research and

education hub in the Eurasian region. The Kazakh-British Technical University was formed in
Almaty in 2000 with the goal of generating graduates to work in Kazakhstan's oil, gas, and

petrochemical industries. It evolved with tight relations to the British Council and a number of

renowned UK universities. Petroleum engineering, chemical engineering, earth sciences,

computer technology, economics, finance, and management are among the areas of expertise at

KBTU.

English is crucial for integrating into the global world while Russian is the language of

international communication. Kazakh is the official language of the country, and it is everyone's

responsibility to learn it. According to the Ministry of Education and Science, Kazakh is the

most popular language in the nation for learning. According to figures issued by the Kazakh

Bureau of National Statistics in 2021, of the 19 million people living in the nation, 69 percent are

Kazakhs, 18 percent are Russians, and 3 percent are Uzbeks. The other inhabitants include

Ukrainians, Uigurs, Tatars, Germans, and others. Kazakhstan's average IQ in 2023 will be 88.89,

placing it 62nd in the world. And with a 99.79% literacy rate, it ranks 13th in the world. There is

not enough data that a Kazakh national has ever received the Nobel Prize.

Sports

In 2002, their national women's rugby team took home the Asian Championship, which they did

for the third time. Kazakhstan has also produced some of the most distinguished athletes in the

world, like Alexander Vinokourov (cycling), Vladimir Smirnov (cross country skiing), who took

7 Olympic medals and 11 World Championship medals, and Dmitriy Karpov and Olga

Rypakova (athletics). From July 15 to July 24, 2022, Kazakhstan participated in the World

Athletics Championships in Eugene, Oregon. 12 athletes from Kazakhstan were entered.

Additionally, Norah Jeruto competed in the women's 3000-meter steeplechase and won gold.
After earning two more freestyle gold medals on the final day of competition in Astana,

Kazakhstan has won the overall standings at the Asian Wrestling Championships 2023.

Darkhan Yessengali won the under-74-kilogram division at the Zhaksylyk Ushkempirov Martial

Arts Palace, giving the hosts their first victory of the day. With its gold medals, Kazakhstan

finished first overall in the Championships, which included the freestyle, Greco-Roman, and

women's wrestling events.

Other Data

GDP (latest data)

In terms of purchasing power parity, the official estimate for Kazakhstan's GDP at the end of

2022 was $512 billion. In 2022, Kazakhstan's GDP grew by 3.2%. The economy is predicted to

develop moderately to 3.5% in 2023 and 4% in 2024, with the hydrocarbons industry leading the

way as oil output rises as a result of many major projects.

Physicians per 1,000 population

In Kazakhstan, for every 1,000 citizens, the nation provides 6.1 hospital beds. Here, there are 2.9

beds on average. For every 1,000 citizens living in the EU, there are 4.6 beds available. In

Kazakhstan, there are roughly 61,800 doctors, or 3.25 medical professionals per 1,000 people.

Death rates

In 2022, Kazakhstan's death rate remained constant from the 8.6% of the year before at 10.2 per

1,000 inhabitants.
Global Gender Gap Index

In 2022, Kazakhstan was rated 65 out of 146 countries according to the Global Gender Gap

Index Rank, moving up 15 spots as a result of effective changes in the area of gender

development.

Happiness Index

Kazakhstan scored 5.93 points on average for that time period, with a minimum of 5.67 points in

2013 and a maximum of 6.23 points in 2021. The most recent value is 6.14 points from 2022.

Kazakhstan is also ranked 44th globally in 2023 with a happiness index of 6.15.

Healthy Life Expectancy

Kazakhstan's current life expectancy in 2023 is 73.89 years, up 0.18% from 2022. Kazakhstan's

2022 life expectancy was 73.76 years, up 0.18% from 2021.

Human Capital Index

The Kazakhstan HCI value increased from 0.59 to 0.63 between 2010 and 2020. Probability of

Surviving to Age 5: In Kazakhstan, 99 out of 100 newborns make it to age 5.

Human Development Index (HDI)

Kazakhstan gained 0.74 points on average for that time period, with a minimum of 0.664 points

in 1995 and a maximum of 0.825 points in 2020. The most recent figure is 0.811 points from

2021.

Health Performance Rank

NUR-SULTAN - Kazakhstan received 46.1 out of a possible 100 points, placing it 55th out of

195 nations in the Global Health Security (GHS) Index.

WHO ranking of the world’s health systems

In 2021, according to the Global Health Security Index (GHS) ranking, Kazakhstan was placed

55th among 195 countries.

Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The MPI value is 0.002 and represents the proportion of the population that is

multidimensionally poor after adjusting for the severity of the deprivations. The percentage of

the population living on less than $6.85 per day at the 2017 Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), as

measured by national poverty estimates and internationally comparable poverty rates, fell

considerably. Between 2006 and 2018, the country's poverty rate decreased from 18.2% to 4.3%.

Polluted Cities Rank

The five most polluted cities I got to were Kostanay, with a rating of 168, Burabay, Soltustik

Qazaqstan, a rating of 163, Astana, Nur-Sultan, a rating of 154, Karagandy, Karaganda, a rating

of 149, and Shymkent, Ongtustik Qazaqstan, a rating of 122.

Urban Air Population Rank

It shows the urban air population rank. And these are;

US AQ

1 Kostanay, Qostanay 219

2 Burabay, Soltustik Qazaqstan 185

3 Astana, Nur-Sultan 164

4 Karagandy, Karaganda 136

5 Pavlodar, Pavlodar 118

Marijuana prevalence

Cannabis cultivation is prohibited in Kazakhstan. Although it grows in the natural, this rule is

difficult to execute (until the offender is found cultivating a substantial amount) and, in principle,

cultivating it can result in a prison sentence.

Gun Ownership Rates

Kazakhstan ranked 82 out of 206 nations in terms of the number of privately held weapons in

2017. Kazakhstan has 504 privately owned firearms, at a rate of 2.80% per 100 inhabitants. The

estimated number of registered guns in civilian possession is 284,000, representing 1.53% of the

population, whereas the estimated number of unregistered and illicit firearms is 220,000, or

1.19% of the population.

Gun Deaths by Country

In 2017, there were 149 shooting deaths in Kazakhstan. It is 0.81% per 100,000 individuals on a

yearly basis. There were 141 male casualties, with an annual rate of 1.61 per 100,000 people, and

8 female deaths, with an annual rate of 0.08 per every 100,000 individuals.

Intentional Homicides per 100,000 population

Kazakhstan had 1046 homicides per year in 2017, at a rate of 5.76 per 100,000 inhabitants. The

male population has 814 homicides per year, with a rate of 9.38 per 100,000 people, while the

female population has 232 homicides per year, with a rate of 2.45 per 100,000 people.

Likelihood of Terrorist Attack

According to the Global Terrorism Index 2016, Kazakhstan placed 94th out of 130 nations in

terms of the effect of terrorism. Kazakhstan remains on high alert for both externally directed

and domestic terrorist strikes. In 2019, the government resumed efforts to rehabilitate and

reintegrate more than 600 Kazakhstani FTFs and family members back from Syria and Iraq,
several hundred of whom faced criminal prosecution for involvement in terrorist activities

abroad.

Most Dangerous Cities Rank

Kazakhstan ranks 70 out of 163 nations in terms of safety and peace, according to the 2020

Global Peace Index. Kazakhstan is the most tranquil country in Russia and Eurasia, ranking first

out of 12 in the area. However, political hostility and human rights violations are widespread in

the country.

Murder Rates

Kazakhstan's murder rate in 2020 was 3.2 incidents per 100,000 inhabitants. Kazakhstan's

murder rate significantly decreased from 15.4 incidents per 100,000 people in 1995 to 3.2 crimes

per 100,000 population in 2020.

Prison Population and Incarceration Rates

In 2022, Kazakhstan had a population of 35,228 in 2022, with a rate of 184 per 100,000 national

population (20.3% pre-trial detainees/remand prisoners, 7.0% female prisoners, 0.2% juveniles /

children / young inmates incl. Definition, and 3.7% foreign prisoners). The country has 80

establishments/institutions (2021), with an official capacity of 46,479 and a 62.4% occupancy

rate.

Trafficking in Persons

For the purpose of sex slavery and forced labor in the construction and agricultural industries,

people are trafficked from Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Afghanistan to Kazakhstan,

where they are then transported to Russia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
 GOVERNMENT/RELIGION

Passport Strengths

The ranking of the Kazakhstani passport is based on the level of international access it provides

to its holders, who can visit 78 countries without a visa but must obtain one in order to enter 126

other nations. National passports are graded based on how many nations their holders can enter

without a visa.

Rule of Law Index

ASTANA - In the Criminal Justice category of the World Justice Project's Rule of Law Index

2022, Kazakhstan came in at number 62 out of 140 nations. The nation has moved up six spots

and raised its rating from 0.45 to 0.47 in comparison to 2021.

Adherent Major Religions

Due to the diversity of religions practiced in Kazakhstan, Sunni Muslims and Russian Orthodox

Christians make up a considerable portion of the population. 72% of people worldwide is the

estimated percentage of Islam, and in Christians the estimated percentage of it is 23.1%,

according to a Pew Research Center estimation.

Muslim Population

According to estimates, 70–72 percent of Kazakhstan's population practices Islam, making it the

most common religion in the nation. The majority of ethnic Kazakhs are Hanafi Sunni Muslims,

while there are also a few Shi'a and Ahmadi Muslims. Muslims make up the majority among

ethnic Russians and Ukrainians, ethnic Kazakhs, and other Central Asian ethnic groups.
Adventist Population

Based on Encyclopedia of Adventist, Kazakhstan has 43 Adventist churches, more than 2,300

baptized members, and a population of 8,153,215 on 2021.

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