Structural Engineering 1

(ENGR2842 and ENGR8862)

Semester 2, 2020
Lecture 1 – Topic Information

Dr Aliakbar Gholampour
Emergency Procedures
• Emergency Evacuation Video
• Evacuation diagrams
• Posted in corridors and will indicate where your nearest evacuation point located.
• To call emergency services (Ambulance, Police or Fire Services) dial 000.
• Security must then be contacted by in any emergency –phone (08) 7421
9555 and 0414 190 047.
• First Aiders are available in each building. The full list can be found online:
https://staff.flinders.edu.au/workplace-support/whs/emergency-fire-safety/first-aid
• Reporting of accident/ incidents should where possible be to your Lecturer
/ Supervisor or if this is not possible directly into FlinSafe via the following
link https://flinsafeportal.flinders.edu.au/FlindersEcPortal/

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 Topic Representative
• Flinders University Student Association (FUSA) are seeking
Topic Representatives to be a central voice for your class.
• Details including nomination forms are available on FLO.

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 Topic Outline
• Staff: Dr Aliakbar Gholampour
Location: Office 3.18
Email: aliakbar.gholampour@flinders.edu.au

• Lectures: Wednesday 15 – 17 pm, Online

• Tutorials: Friday 14 – 15 pm, Tonsley 1.09 & Online
• Workshops: The plan is Virtual Workshop
• Consultations: Thursday 14 – 15 pm, Office 3.18

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 Your Responsibilities
• Adhere to all University policies
• Attend adequate teaching sessions
• Attend the final exam
– be available for the supplementary exam
– plan holidays carefully
• Submit assessments
– 5% per day penalty for lateness (7 days maximum)
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 Lab session (Workshops)
• I will run these sessions virtually.

• You need to prepare report for Concrete mix

and casting & flexural experiment.

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 Learning Resources
• FLO – Flinders Learning Online
– Check this regularly for information
• Text book
– Statics and Mechanics of Materials,
4th ed, R. C. Hibbeler, Pearson
• Library
– Copies of Text Book
– PC access and printing
– Study areas
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 Prior Knowledge
• Prerequisite
– ENGR1732 Engineering Mechanics

• Assumed Knowledge
– ENGR2741 Mechanics and Structures

Don’t be afraid to ask me to re-explain concepts. I would rather

do this (preferably early) than find out you’re struggling.

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 Textbook Overview Mechanics & Structures Structural Engineering 1
Text Book Chapter
ENGR2741 ENGR2842
1 General Principles •
2 Force Vectors •
3 Force System Resultants •
4 Equilibrium of a Rigid Body •
5 Structural Analysis •
6 Center of Gravity, Centroid, and Moment of Inertia •
7 Stress and Strain •
Assumed knowledge
8 Mechanical Properties of Materials •
9 Axial Load •
10 Torsion •
11 Bending •
12 Transverse Shear •
13 Combined Loading •
14 Stress and Strain Transformations •
15 Design of Beams and Shafts •
16 Deflection of Beams and Shafts •
17 Buckling of Columns •

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 Topic Purpose
Level Subject Concepts
ENGR 1732 Advanced Physics
1st year Engineering Statics
Mechanics Force Vectors
ENGR 2741 Stress and Strain
2nd year Mechanics and Distributed Forces
Structures Intro to Structures & Trusses
ENGR 2842 Laboratory testing
2nd year Structural Structural Analysis of Members
Engineering 1 Structural Design & Standards
ENGR 3841 Structural Mechanics
3rd year Structural Advanced Concrete Design
Engineering 2 Advanced Steel Design

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 Topic Overview
Week Lecture Topic Lecture Content Tutorial Workshop
1 Introduction Intro to course and revise stress-strain
2 Beams - SFD + BMD Revision on SFD and BMD Assign. 1
3 Beams - Composite bending Elastic behaviour - transformed sections Assign. 2
4 Beams - Deflections Integration of curvature to get deflection Assign. 3
5 Columns Buckling of steel columns Assign. 4
6 Design of beams Selection of I beams based on M & V checks Assign. 5
7 Concrete mix design Mix design and material property equations Conc. mix & cast
8 Concrete beam analysis pt1 Moment-curvature relationships Flexural testing
Holiday break
9 Concrete beam analysis pt2 Cross-sectional analysis, over/under-reinforced Conc. cylinder test
10 Design of concrete beams RC beam reinforcement placement Assign. 6
11 Statically indeterminate Approximate method applied to frames Assign. 7
12 Exam Revision

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 Assessments for ENGR2842
• Weekly Assignments (Individual) – 20%
• Report for Concrete Mix and Cast (Individually or
Group of 5) – 20%
• Report for Flexural Experiments (Individual) – 20%
• Exam – 40%

You must pass the exam (> 50%) to pass the topic.

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 Assessments for ENGR8862
• Weekly Assignments (Individual) – 15%
• Concrete Mix and Cast (Individually or Group of 5) –
15%
• Flexural Experiments (Individual) – 15%
• Report – 15% Start this ASAP, manage yourself,
organise contents with me.
• Exam – 40%
You must pass the exam (> 50%) to pass the topic.

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 Submitting Assessments
• All assessments to be Electronic Submissions on FLO.
• No hand submissions, no submission box, no emails
• A scanner is located on Level 1. Low quality scans with
illegible content will result in loss of marks.

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 Lecture Plan
• Content to cover in this session:
– Familiarity with:
• Current topic
• Structural engineering in general
– Review of assumed knowledge
• Normal stress
• Normal strain
• Truss analysis
• SFD and BMD
• General terminology

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Structural Engineering

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 Structural Engineering
• Typical Members: • Typical Materials:
– Columns – Concrete
– Beams – Steel
– Slabs – Masonry (Brick)
– Connections – Timber
• Typical Analysis: • Typical Loads:
– Elastic – Axial load
– Plastic – Flexural load
– Shear load
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 Structural Engineering
• Typical responsibilities of a Structural Engineer:
– Hand calculations
– Software analysis
– Site visits to confirm construction
– Adhere to all Australian Standards

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 Review of Statics
• Rigid body solid mechanics
• Equilibrium equations
• A member, or structure, is in equilibrium when the
resultant of the forces acting on it is zero. For a 3D
structure it has:
ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0, ΣFz = 0, ΣMx = 0, ΣMy = 0, ΣMz = 0
For 2D we typically only use:
ΣFx = 0, ΣFy = 0, ΣMz = 0
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 Review of Statics
• Application of these equilibrium equations determines
– Support reactions
– Distribution of internal forces (i.e. SFD and BMD)

These fundamental calculations are essential steps for almost

all types of structural analysis or design

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 Normal Stress and Strain
• Definition:
– Normal stress is the intensity of force at an orientation
normal to the surface
– Normal strain is the intensity of deformation at an
orientation normal to the surface
• Not the same as shear stress or shear strain

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 Normal Stress and Strain
• Stress = Force / Cross-sectional Area = P/A
• Strain = Change in length / Total length = δ/L

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 Allowable Stress and Allowable Load
• Allowable Stress or Load:
– In the design of structures, stress is the major design parameter.
To ensure safety, the allowable stress is selected to limit the
applied load to one that is less than the load the member can
fully support.
– One method of specifying the allowable load for a member is to
use a number called the factor of safety (F.S.).
Ffail
F .S . =
Fallow

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 Example - Analysis
• The rod BC has a diameter of 16
mm and failure stress of 300
MPa. Can it safely support the
3m
load if P = 20 kN and the factor of
safety is 2.0?

4m

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 Example - Analysis
From static analysis:
FBC = 5/4 * 20 = 25 kN (compression)
3m This applied force of 25 kN equates to a force
intensity (or stress) of :
σBC = P/A = 25,000/(π*82) = 124.3 MPa
If the F.S. is 2.0 and failure stress is 300 MPa,
4m then allowable stress = 300/2 = 150 MPa.
σBC < allowable stress
Conclusion, the strength of BC is adequate

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 Example - Design
• Same member arrangement as previous
example.
3m
• Member BC is to be manufactured with
steel (σUltimate = 350 MPa) and a F.S. of
1.8 for an applied load of P = 34 kN.
4m
What diameter would you select for
your design?

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 Example - Design
σAllowable = σUltimate / 1.8
= 194.4 MPa
3m P 34,000 * 5 / 4
A= = = 218.6mm 2
 Allowable 194.4

d 2
A=
4m 4
Rearrange to get d = 16.7 mm
Conclusion, a diameter of approximately
17 mm or more is considered safe

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 Elasticity and Plasticity
• Elastic deformation is: a change in shape that
is recoverable after the stress is removed.
• Plastic deformation is: a change in shape that
permanently deforms the material.

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 Stress-Strain Diagram
• Mild Steel:

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 Stress-Strain Diagram
• Typical Concrete:

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 Trusses
• A truss is a structure composed of slender members joined
together at their end points.
• A truss consists of axially loaded members only, where the
members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole
behaves as a single object.

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 Trusses
• Visualise truss members as only resisting an axial load (either
compression or tension)
• In theory no shear forces or bending moments exist in truss
members

Typical example of a truss Only axial loads exist in each member

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 Example - Truss Analysis
• Determine the force in each member:

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 Example - Truss Analysis
STEP 1:
Draw free body
diagram (FBD)

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 Example - Truss Analysis
STEP 2:
Determine reaction forces

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 Example - Truss Analysis
STEP 3:
Apply method of
joints or method of
sections

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 Assessment of internal forces
• The shear force (V) and bending moment (M) resisted within a
beam are critical values for accurate design.
• The values of V and M represented graphically are called
shear force diagrams (SFD) and bending moment diagrams
(BMD).
• These graphs allow the peak values, and corresponding
location, of V and M to be determined.

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 Example SFD and BMD

Draw the shape of the shear force diagram (SFD)

and bending moment diagram (BMD) for the beam

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 Example SFD and BMD

V
SFD (kN)

V
SFD (kN)

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 Example SFD and BMD
V
SFD (kN)

M
BMD (kN.m)
M
BMD (kN.m)
M
BMD (kN.m)
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Another SFD and BMD Example

Draw the shape of the shear force diagram (SFD)

and bending moment diagram (BMD) for the beam

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Another SFD and BMD Example

V
SFD (kN)

V
SFD (kN)
V
SFD (kN)

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Another SFD and BMD Example

V
SFD (kN)
M
BMD (kN.m)
M
BMD (kN.m) Peak
M
BMD (kN.m)
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 Take home message
• No formal tutorial or assignment this week. However, I
expect you to revise material relevant to this topic. For
example:
– Normal stress and strain
– SFD and BMD
– General terminology and units
• MAKE SURE YOU UNDERSTAND ALL RELEVANT UNIVERSITY
POLICIES (ESPECIALLY ON SAFETY) AND YOUR
RESPONSIBILITIES IN THIS TOPIC

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