Male-gametophyte

Seed dispersal help the species to

colonize in other areas
and many fruits have mechanisms for
dispersal of seeds. Female-gametophyte

Apomixis
Production of seed without Significance of
fertilization Flower Pre-fertilisation
seed dispersal Structure events Types
and fruit Autogamy Abiotic
Polyembryony formation Geitonogamy
Occurrence of more than one Wind
embryo in a seed Special Xenogamy Water
modes
Parthenocarpy Agencies Biotic
Development of fruit without Animals
fertilization
False Fruit Sexual Reproduction in Flowering
When parts other Plants Pollination
than ovary contribute Example Winter Pollinated: Grasses
to the fruit formation. Water Pollinated: Vallisneria and Hydrilla
Ex : Apple Insect Pollinated: Yucca

True Fruit Fruit Formation Post- Outbreak Devices Self-incompatibility

When fruit develops Fertilization
from ovary Events
Ex : Mango Double Pollen-pistil
Endosperm Development Fertilization interaction Devices for promoting
cross pollination Arrangement of anther and
stigma at different positions.
Embryo Development
Dicot embryo
Have two Cotyledons Seed Development Syngamy+Triple fusion
=Double fertilization. It is a dynamic process Production of unisexual
involving pollen recognition flowers (Decliny)
Longitudinal Section followed by pollen tube
of Monocot embryo Albuminous seeds Non-albuminous Artificial Hybridisation growth.
Have Single Cotyledon (Endospermic) seeds It is one of the major Pollen release and stigma
(Non-endospermic) approaches of crop receptivity not synchronised.
improvement by using
desired pollen grains for
pollination.

Achieved by
Emasculation Bagging