AGRONOMYSECTI

ON

THEORYNOTES

COURSETI
TLE:
PRI
NCI
PLEOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG

COURSENO.
:AGRO-
248 CREDI
TS:
(1+1)=2

SEMESTER:
IV SESSI
ON :2019-
2020
 I
NDEX
THEORYNOTES
COURSENO:
AGRO-
248 CREDI
TS:
(1+1)=2
COURSETI
TLE:
PRI
NCI
PLEOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG

Sr
.No. Nameoft
het
opi
c

1 Or
gani
cFar
ming,
Pri
nci
plesandi
tsscopei
nIndi
aOSCP
2 I
nit
iat
ivet
akenbyGovt.
,NGOandOrganizat
ionsf
or
promot
ionofOrgani
cAgr
icul
ture
3 Or
gani
cEcosy
stemsandt
hei
rconcept
s

4 Or
gani
cnut
ri
entr
esour
cesandi
tsf
ort
if
icat
ion

5 Rest
ri
cti
onst
onut
ri
entusei
nor
gani
cfar
ming

6 Choi
ceofcr
opsandv
ari
eti
esi
nor
gani
cfar
ming

7 Fundament
alsofi
nsect
,pest,
diseaseandweed
managementunderor
gani
cmodeofpr oduct
ion

8 Oper
ati
onal
str
uct
ureofNPOP

9 Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ocessandst
andar
dsofor
gani
cfar
ming

10 Pr
ocessi
ng,
label
i
ng,
economi
cconsi
der
ati
onsandv
iabi
l
ity

11 Mar
ket
ingandexpor
tpot
ent
ial
ofor
gani
cpr
oduct
s
 Chapt
er1
Or
gani
cFar
ming,
Pri
nci
plesandi
tsscopei
nIndi
a
ORGANI
CFARMI
NG
DEFI
NITI
ON
Ther
ear
emanydef
ini
ti
onsofor
gani
cfar
mingwhi
chchangescount
ryt
ocount
ry.
1.Or
gani
cfar
mingi
sapr
oduct
ionsy
stem t
hati
ntegr
atessi
tespeci
fi
ccul
tur
al,bi
ologi
cal
and mechani
calpr
act
ices desi
gned t
ofost
ert
he cy
cli
ng ofr
esour
ces,ecol
ogi
cal
bal
anceandbi
odi
ver
sit
y(USDA,
Nat
ional
Organi
cPr
ogr
ammer
s-2002)
2.I
tisapr
oduct
ionsy
stem whi
chav
oidsorl
argel
yexcl
udest
heuseofsy
nthet
ical
l
y
compoundedf
ert
il
izer
s,pest
ici
des,gr
owt
hregul
ator
sandl
i
vest
ockf
eedaddi
ti
ves.
Tot
hemaxi
mum ext
entf
easi
bleor
gani
csy
stemsr
elyuponcr
opr
otat
ions,cr
op
r
esi
dues,ani
malmanur
es,l
egumes,gr
een manur
es,of
ffar
m or
gani
c wast
es,
mechani
calcul
ti
vat
ion,mi
ner
albear
ingr
ocksandaspect
sofbi
ologi
calpestcont
rol
t
omai
ntai
nthesoi
lpr
oduct
ivi
tyandt
il
th,
tosuppl
ythepl
antnut
ri
ent
sandt
ocont
rol
i
nsect
s,weedsandot
herpest
s.
CONCEPTSOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG
Or
gani
cfar
mingr
efer
stot
heagr
icul
tur
alsy
stemsusedt
opr
oducef
oodandf
ibr
e.
Or
gani
cfar
mingsy
stemsdonotuset
oxi
cchemi
calpest
ici
desorf
ert
il
izer
s.I
nst
ead,t
hey
ar
e based on t
he dev
elopment of bi
ologi
caldi
ver
sit
y and t
he mai
ntenance and
r
epl
eni
shmentofsoi
lfer
ti
li
ty.Or
gani
cfoodsar
emi
nimal
l
ypr
ocessedt
o mai
ntai
nthe
i
ntegr
it
yoft
hef
ood wi
thoutar
ti
fi
ciali
ngr
edi
ent
s,pr
eser
vat
ivesori
rr
adi
ati
on.Or
gani
c
f
armi
ngdescr
ibest
womaj
oraspect
sofal
ter
nat
iveagr
icul
tur
evi
z.,
1.Thesubst
it
uti
onofmanur
esandot
heror
gani
cmat
terf
ori
nor
gani
cfer
ti
li
zer
s.
2.Theuseofbi
ologi
cal
pestcont
rol
inst
eadofchemi
cal
pestcont
rol
.
Appr
oachi
ngor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
efr
om t
hev
ant
agepoi
ntofasci
ent
istt
rai
nedi
nconv
ent
ional
f
armi
ngt
echni
ques,
Har
wood(
1984)out
li
nest
hef
oll
owi
ngassumpt
ions:

1.Or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
eisar
ever
siont
otheagr
icul
tur
eoft
he1940’
s
2. Or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
eismer
elyconv
ent
ional
agr
icul
tur
ewi
thoutt
heuseofchemi
cal
s.

3.Or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
eisr
elev
antonl
ytobacky
ardgar
dens
4.Hi
stor
yofOr
gani
cfar
ming

5.Tr
adi
ti
onalf
armi
ng(
ofmanyki
nds)wast
heor
igi
nalt
ypeofagr
icul
tur
e,andhas
been pr
act
iced f
ort
housandsofy
ear
s.For
estgar
deni
ng,at
radi
ti
onalf
ood
pr
oduct
ionsy
stem t
hatdat
esf
rom pr
ehi
stor
ict
imes,
ist
houghtt
obet
hewor
ld'
s
ol
destandmostr
esi
l
ientagr
oecosy
stem.
6.Ar
ti
fi
cial f
ert
il
izer
s had been cr
eat
ed dur
ing t
he 18t
h cent
ury
,ini
ti
all
y wi
th
super
phosphat
esandt
henammoni
a-basedf
ert
il
izer
smass-
producedusi
ngt
heHaber
-
Boschpr
ocessdev
elopeddur
ingWor
ldWarI
.Theseear
lyf
ert
il
izer
swer
e
cheap,
power
ful
,andeasyt
otr
anspor
tinbul
k.Si
mil
aradv
ancesoccur
redi
nchemi
calpest
ici
des

i
nthe1940s,l
eadi
ngt
othedecadebei
ngr
efer
redt
oast
he'
pest
ici
deer
a'.Butt
hesenew

agr
icul
tur
alt
echni
ques,whi
l
ebenef
ici
ali
ntheshor
tter
m,hadser
iousl
ongert
erm si
deef
fect
s

suchassoi
lcompact
ion,soi
ler
osi
on,anddecl
i
nesi
nov
eral
lsoi
lfer
ti
li
ty,al
ongwi
thheal
th

concer
nsaboutt
oxi
cchemi
cal
sent
eri
ngt
hef
oodsuppl
y.

7. Soi
lbi
ologysci
ent
ist
sbegani
nthel
ate1800sandear
ly1900st
odev
elopt
heor
ieson
how new adv
ancement
sinbi
ologi
calsci
encecoul
dbeusedi
nagr
icul
tur
easawayt
o
r
emedyt
hesesi
deef
fect
s,whi
l
est
il
lmai
ntai
ninghi
gherpr
oduct
ion.

8. I
nCent
ralEur
opeRudol
fSt
einer
,WhoseLect
uresonAgr
icul
tur
ewer
epubl
i
shedi
n1925

cr
eat
edbi
ody
nami
cagr
icul
tur
e,anear
lyv
ersi
onofwhatwenow cal
lor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e.

St
einerwasmot
ivat
edbyspi
ri
tual
rat
hert
hansci
ent
if
icconsi
der
ati
ons.

9. I
nthel
ate1930sandear
ly1940sSi
rAl
ber
tHowar
dandhi
swi
feGabr
iel
l
eHowar
d,bot
h
accompl
i
shedbot
ani
sts,dev
elopedor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e.TheHowar
dswer
einf
luencedby
t
hei
rexper
ienceswi
tht
radi
ti
onalf
armi
ngmet
hodsi
nIndi
a,bi
ody
nami
c,andt
hei
rfor
mal
sci
ent
if
iceducat
ion.Si
rAl
ber
tHowar
diswi
del
yconsi
der
edt
he"
fat
herofor
gani
cfar
ming"
,
becausehewast
hef
ir
stt
oappl
ysci
ent
if
icknowl
edgeandpr
inci
plest
othesev
ari
ous
t
radi
ti
onal
andmor
enat
ural
met
hods.

10.I
ntheUni
tedSt
atesanot
herf
ounderofor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
ewasJ.
I.Rodal
e.I
nthe1940she

f
oundedbot
hawor
kingor
gani
cfar
mfort
ri
alsandexper
iment
ati
on,TheRodal
eInst
it
ute,and

f
oundedt
heRodal
ePr
esst
oteachandadv
ocat
eor
gani
ctot
hewi
derpubl
i
c.

11.
Fur
therwor
kwasdonebyLadyEv
eBal
fouri
ntheUni
tedKi
ngdom,
andmany
ot
her
sacr
osst
hewor
ld.
12.Ther
eissomecont
rov
ersyonwher
ethet
erm"
organi
c"asi
tappl
i
est
oagr
icul
tur
efi
rst

der
ived.Onesi
decl
aimst
erm'
organi
cagr
icul
tur
e'wascoi
nedbyLor
dNor
thbour
ne,an

agr
icul
tur
ali
sti
nfl
uencedbySt
einer
'sbi
ody
nami
cappr
oach,
in1940.

13.I
ncr
easi
ng env
ironment
alawar
eness i
nthe gener
alpopul
ati
on i
n moder
nti
mes has
t
ransf
ormed t
he or
igi
nal
l
y suppl
y-
dri
ven or
gani
c mov
ementt
o a demand-
dri
ven one.
Pr
emi
um pr
icesandsomegov
ernmentsubsi
diesat
tract
edf
armer
s.I
nthedev
elopi
ngwor
ld,
manypr
oducer
sfar
m accor
dingt
otr
adi
ti
onalmet
hodst
hatar
ecompar
abl
etoor
gani
c
f
armi
ng,
butnotcer
ti
fi
ed,
andt
hatmaynoti
ncl
udet
hel
atestsci
ent
if
ic
 adv
ancement
sinor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e.I
not
hercases,
far
mer
sint
hedev
elopi
ngwor
ld
hav
econv
ert
edt
omoder
nor
gani
cmet
hodsf
oreconomi
creasons.
PRI
NCI
PLES/AI
MS/OBJECTI
VESOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG
1.Topr
oducef
oodofhi
ghnut
ri
ti
onal
qual
i
ty.
2. Toi
nter
acti
naconst
ruct
iveandl
i
feenhanci
ngwaywi
thnat
ural
syst
em andcy
cles.

3.Toencour
ageandenhancebi
ologi
cal
cycl
eswi
thi
nthef
armi
ngsy
stem.
4.Tomai
ntai
nthesoi
lfer
ti
li
ty.
5.Toav
oidal
lfor
msofpol
l
uti
ont
hatmayr
esul
tfr
om agr
icul
tur
alt
echni
ques.
6.Tohel
pint
heconser
vat
ionofsoi
landwat
er.
7.Towor
kwi
thmat
eri
alandsubst
ances,
whi
chcanber
eusedorr
ecy
cled.
8.Tomai
ntai
nthegenet
icdi
ver
sit
y.
9. Topr
omot
eheal
thyuseandpr
opercar
eofwat
er,
wat
err
esour
cesandal
ll
if
ether
ein.

10.
Toconsi
dert
hewi
der
,soci
alandecol
ogi
cal
impactoft
hef
armi
ngsy
stem.
ADVANTAGES
1.I
thel
psi
nmai
ntai
ningenv
ironment
alheal
thandr
educespol
l
uti
on.
2.I
thel
psi
nmai
ntai
ningbi
odi
ver
sit
y.
3.Ensur
eopt
imum ut
il
izat
ionofr
esour
cesf
orshor
tter
m benef
it
sandconser
vet
hem
f
orf
utur
egener
ati
on.
4.I
timpr
ovessoi
l
’sphy
sical
proper
ti
essuchasgr
anul
ati
onandgoodt
il
th.
5.I
timpr
ovest
hesoi
lchemi
cal
proper
ti
essuchassuppl
yandr
etent
ionofsoi
l
nut
ri
ent
sandpr
omot
esf
avour
abl
echemi
cal
react
ions.
6.Mi
nimi
zespol
l
uti
onduet
oconv
ersi
onofwast
emat
eri
ali
ntov
aluabl
ecompost
7.El
i
minat
est
her
iskofhumanandani
mal
heal
thhazar
dsbyel
i
minat
ingt
hechances
ofchemi
cal
resi
dues.
8.El
i
minat
est
hechancesofcont
ami
nat
ioni
nwat
erbodi
es.
9.I
tmi
nimi
zest
hecostofpr
oduct
iont
hrought
heuseoff
armi
nput
s.
10.
Itensur
essust
ainedpr
oduct
ivi
tywi
thoutanyl
ossi
nfer
ti
li
ty.
11.
Organi
cal
l
ygr
ownpr
oduct
sar
enut
ri
ti
onal
l
yri
chandbet
teri
nqual
i
ty.
12.
Organi
cal
l
ygr
ownpl
ant
sar
emor
eresi
stantt
odi
seaseandpest
s.
13.
Duet
odi
ver
sif
icat
ionofcr
opst
her
eismor
esecur
edi
ncome.

1.I
nchangi
ngov
ert
oor
gani
cfar
ming,
ani
nit
ial
cropl
ossgener
all
yoccur
s.
2.Ther
ear
enof
ull
ydev
elopedmar
ket
sforor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
3.Bi
ologi
cal
cont
rol
mayhav
ebeenweakenedordest
roy
edduet
ochemi
cal
s,whi
ch
mayt
akef
urt
hert
hree/
foury
ear
stobui
l
dup.
4.Li
mit
edav
ail
abi
l
ityofi
nput
sli
keFYM,
Compostandv
ermi
compostet
c.
5.Sl
owr
eleaseofnut
ri
ent
sfr
om or
gani
csour
ceswhi
chi
snotmat
chi
ngt
henut
ri
ti
onal
demandofhi
ghy
iel
dingv
ari
eti
es.
VARI
OUSCAUSESOFLOW ADOPTI
ONOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG
1.Chemi
cal
sar
eeasyt
ouseandl
esscost
ly.
2.Thebenef
it
sofor
gani
cpr
act
icesar
enotseeni
mmedi
atel
y.
3.Lar
gequant
it
iesofor
gani
cinput
sar
erequi
red.
4.Di
ff
icul
ttogett
heor
gani
cfer
ti
li
zer
s.
5.Unor
gani
zedmar
ketf
oror
gani
cal
l
ygr
ownpr
oduce.
6.Pr
efer
ent
ial
behav
iorofconsumer
stowar
dst
heor
gani
cfoodnoty
etest
abl
i
shed.
7.Economi
clossduet
otr
ansi
ti
on(
from t
radi
ti
onal
agr
icul
tur
etoor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e
orconv
ent
ional
toor
gani
c).
8.Noexper
iment
alev
idencei
nthecostbenef
itr
ati
oofor
gani
cfar
ming.
9.Gov
ernmentef
for
tst
opr
opagat
eor
gani
cfar
mingar
ever
yli
tt
le.
10. Sci
ent
if
icr
esear
chpr
ogr
ammesonor
gani
cfar
mingar
eal
soscar
ce.
CONSTRAI
NTS/PROBLEMS/DI
FFI
CULTI
ESI
NORGANI
CFARMI
NG
1.Excessi
vecostofexi
sti
ngi
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionsy
stem whi
chi
snot
af
for
dabl
ebyf
armer
s.
2.Heav
ymet
alscont
entofur
bancompost
.
3.Lackofqual
i
tyassur
anceofor
gani
cinput
s
4.Li
mit
edav
ail
abi
l
ityofi
nput
sli
keFYM,
Compost
,ver
micompostet
c.
5.Li
mit
eddomest
icmar
ket
6.Non-
avai
l
abi
l
ityofor
gani
cpackageofpr
act
icef
oral
lcr
opsbasedonl
ocal
l
y
av
ail
abl
einput
s.
7.Non-
awar
enessoff
armer
sandNGOsont
hei
mpactofor
gani
cfar
ming
8.Ri
skofl
owpr
oduct
ioni
nini
ti
aly
ear
sofor
gani
cfar
ming.
9.Sl
owr
eleaseofnut
ri
ent
sfr
om or
gani
csour
ceswhi
chi
snotmat
chi
ngt
he
nut
ri
ti
onal
demandofhi
ghy
iel
dingv
ari
eti
es.
ORGANI
CPRODUCTI
ONREQUI
REMENT;
BASI
CTOOLSOFORGANI
C
FARMI
NG
Thebasi
ctool
susedi
nor
gani
cfar
mingar
e
1. Landandcr
opmanagement
:Useofcr
opr
otat
ionwi
thl
egumi
nouscr
ops,
green
manur
ingandor
gani
cmanur
esf
ormai
ntai
ningsoi
lfer
ti
li
tyandPr
oduct
ivi
ty.

2.Far
m wast
erecy
cli
ng
3.I
ntegr
atedor
gani
cweedmanagement
4.Bi
ologi
cal
cont
rol
ofpest
s
5.Bi
oinsect
ici
desandbi
o-her
bici
des
 6.I
ntegr
atedpl
antnut
ri
entmanagement
7.I
ntegr
atedf
armi
ngsy
stem appr
oach.
SCOPEOFORGANI
CFARMI
NG
I
ntheposti
ndependenceer
a,I
ndi
ahadt
ofacesetofchal
l
enges.Thebi
ggestchal
l
engewas

f
eedi
ngt
hemi
l
li
onmout
hs.Gr
eenr
evol
uti
onhasbeengr
eat
estsuccessst
oryoff
reeI
ndi
a.Gr
een

r
evol
uti
onbr
oughtspect
acul
ari
ncr
easei
npr
oduct
ionandpr
oduct
ivi
tyi
nthecount
ry.Butaf
teri
nit
ial

success,si
tuat
iont
odayhaschangedandi
nthequestofshor
tter
m gai
nswi
thoutdueconsi
der
ati
onof

l
ongt
erm sust
ainabi
l
ity
,ourr
esour
cespar
ti
cul
arl
ysoi
l
,wat
erandenv
ironment

hav
eal
lnowov
erst
rai
ned,andar
eget
ti
ngi
ncr
easi
ngl
ydet
eri
orat
ed.
Thei
ndi
scr
imi
nat
euseoff
ert
il
izer
sandpl
antpr
otect
ionchemi
cal
stoi
ncr
easet
hey
iel
dpot
ent
ial

andt
osav
ethecr
opsf
rom i
nsectpest
sanddi
seaser
espect
ivel
y,nodoubti
ncr
easedourt
otalf
oodgr
ain

pr
oduct
ion,
buthasal
socr
eat
edanumberofheal
thhazar
dsanddet
eri
orat
edt
heagr
o-ecosy
stem badl
y.

Thi
ssi
tuat
ioncompel
l
edust
oswi
tchov
ert
oor
gani
cfar
ming.

Dur
ingt
hel
astdecade,or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
ehasgai
nedi
nter
nat
ionalr
ecogni
ti
onasa
v
ali
dal
ter
nat
ivet
oconv
ent
ionalf
oodpr
oduct
ion.Thei
ncr
easi
ngawar
enessaboutheal
th
hazar
dsonaccountofcont
ami
nat
ionoff
arm pr
oduceduet
oexcessi
veuseofchemi
cal
f
ert
il
izerandpest
ici
deshaspr
ovi
dedt
hrustt
oor
gani
cfar
ming.Or
gani
cfar
mingi
nIndi
ahas
al
soat
tract
edanumberoff
armer
s.Mostoft
hef
armer
sar
ecul
ti
vat
ionor
gani
ccr
ops
successf
ull
y,butst
il
li
thast
ogetamoment
um.
ORGANI
CFARMI
NGI
NINDI
A:RELEVANCEI
NPRESENTCONTEXT
I
nIndi
a,onl
y30%oft
otal
cul
ti
vabl
ear
eai
scov
eredwi
thf
ert
il
izer
,wher
e
i
rr
igat
ionf
aci
l
iti
esar
eav
ail
abl
eandi
nther
emai
ning70%ofar
abl
eland,
whi
ch
i
smai
nlyr
ainf
ed,
negl
i
gibl
eamountoff
ert
il
izer
sisbei
ngused.Far
mer
sint
hese
ar
easof
tenuseor
gani
cmanur
easasour
ceofnut
ri
ent
sar
ereadi
l
yav
ail
abl
e
ei
theri
nthei
rownf
arm ori
nthei
rlocal
i
ty.
TheNor
thEast
ernHi
l
lsofI
ndi
apr
ovi
desconsi
der
abl
eoppor
tuni
ty(
18mi
l
li
on
hect
are)f
oror
gani
cfar
mingduet
oleastut
il
izat
ionofchemi
cal
input
s,whi
ch
canbeexpl
oit
edf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
ion.
I
ndi
aisanexpor
ti
ngcount
ryanddoesnoti
mpor
tanyor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.Themai
n
mar
ketf
orexpor
tedpr
oduct
sist
heEur
opeanuni
on.Recent
lyI
ndi
ahasappl
i
edt
obe
i
ncl
udedont
he“
EU-
Thi
rd-
Count
ry-
List
”,anot
hergr
owi
ngmar
keti
sUSA.
Ther
ehasbeenpl
ent
yofpol
i
cyemphasi
sonor
gani
cfar
mingandt
radei
nthe
r
ecenty
ear
sinI
ndi
a.
t
h
The10 f
ive-
yearpl
anemphasi
zespr
omot
ionandencour
agementt
oor
gani
c
f
armi
ngi
nIndi
awi
tht
heuseofor
gani
cwast
e,I
PM andI
NM.
 t
h
Ev
en9 f
ive-
yearpl
anhademphasi
zedt
hepr
omot
ionofor
gani
cpr
oducei
n
pl
ant
ati
oncr
ops,
spi
cesandcondi
ment
swi
tht
heuseofor
gani
c&bi
o-i
nput
s.
Ther
ear
emanyst
atesandpr
ivat
eagenci
esi
nvol
vedi
npr
omot
ionofor
gani
c
f
armi
ngi
nIndi
a.Thesei
ncl
ude-v
ari
ousmi
nist
ri
esanddepar
tmentoft
he
gov
ernmentatt
hecent
ral
andst
atel
evel
ssuchas;
Uni
ver
sit
iesandResear
chcent
ers

NonGov
t.or
gani
zat
ions(
NGO)

Ecof
arms

Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionbodi
esl
i
keI
NDOCERT,
ECOCERT,
SKALandAPOFet
c.
Thecent
ral
andst
ategov
ernment
shav
eal
soi
dent
if
iedAgr
i-
Expor
tZonef
or
agr
icul
tur
alexpor
tsi
ngener
alandor
gani
cpr
oduct
sinsomest
ates:
I
nUt
tarPr
adeshandUt
tar
anchal
theDi
ver
sif
iedAgr
icul
tur
eSuppor
tPr
oject(
DASP)
i
spr
omot
edf
oror
gani
cfar
ming.
I
nBangal
ore&Ni
l
gir
is;
wit
h50out
let
sinsout
hIndi
ahel
psf
orsuppl
ytheor
gani
c
pr
oduct
sfr
om smal
lgr
ower
s.
I
RFT(
Int
ernat
ional
Recour
sesf
orFai
rerTr
ade)basedi
nMumbai
,pr
ocur
esor
gani
ccot
ton
andagr
opr
oduct
stosel
lthem t
oIndi
an&f
orei
gnbuy
erst
ohel
pther
ural
poor
s.

I
onExchange,
Mumbai
,apr
ivat
ecompanyi
sengagedf
orexpor
tanddomest
ic
mar
ket
ingofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sinI
ndi
a.
I
nHi
machal
Pradesh;
theneti
ncomesperhect
aref
rom or
gani
cfar
mingwas
f
oundt
obe2-
3ti
meshi
gherbot
hincaseofmai
zeandwheatduet
ohi
gher
pr
oduct
ionandal
sof
orhi
gherpr
icewer
eobt
ainedbyor
gani
cpr
oduce.
I
nHar
yana;
netr
etur
nswashi
gher(
2-3t
imes)i
nbasmat
iri
ce,
soy
beans,
arharand
wheatbecauseof25t
o30%pr
icepr
emi
um onor
gani
cpr
oduceandl
owercostof
pr
oduct
ionandmar
ket
ing.
I
nMahar
asht
ra;
popul
ari
zat
ionofor
gani
ccot
tonpr
oduct
ionwasduet
ohi
ghcostbenef
it
r
ati
oofor
gani
ccot
ton1:
1.63asagai
nst1:
1.47f
orconv
ent
ional
cot
ton.
I
nGuj
arat
;or
gani
cpr
oduct
ionofchi
ckoo,
bananaandcoconuthadhi
gher
pr
ofi
tabi
l
ity(
Nai
k,2001)
.
I
nKar
nat
aka;
groundnut
,jowar
,cot
ton,
coconutandbananawer
egr
ownas
or
gani
c.Themaj
orpr
obl
emsf
acedbyor
gani
cfar
mer
swer
efoundt
obei
nit
ial
l
owery
iel
ds,
nopr
icei
ncent
ives,
nosepar
atemar
ket
sforor
gani
cpr
oduce,
besi
des
l
ackofandhi
ghcost
sofcer
ti
fi
cat
ion(
Singh,
2003)
.
 Chapt
er2
I
NITI
ATI
VETAKENBYGOVT,
NGOANDORGANI
ZATI
ONSFORPROMOTI
ONOF
ORGANI
CAGRI
CULTURE
The Gov
ernmenti
s pr
omot
ing or
gani
cfar
ming i
nthe count
ryt
hrough
schemesl
i
keNat
ionalPr
ojectonOr
gani
cFar
ming(
NPOF)
,Nat
ionalHor
ti
cul
tur
e
Mi
ssi
on(
NHM)
,Hor
ti
cul
tur
eMi
ssi
onf
orNor
thEastandHi
mal
ayanSt
ates(
HMNEH)
,
Rasht
ri
yaKr
ishiVi
kasYoj
ana(
RKVY)andal
soNet
wor
kPr
ojectonOr
gani
cFar
ming
ofI
ndi
anCounci
lofAgr
icul
tur
alResear
ch(
ICAR)
.
Fundsal
l
ocat
edunderNPOF,
NHM,
RKVYandHMNEHdur
ing2013-
14ar
eRs.
427.
00
l
akh,Rs.
1215.
50l
akh,Rs.
14015.
00l
akh,andRs.
1162.
05l
akhr
espect
ivel
y.Besi
des,I
CAR
underNet
wor
kPr
ojectonOr
gani
cFar
ming,wi
thl
eadcent
reatPr
ojectDi
rect
orat
efor
Far
mingSy
stemsResear
ch,Modi
pur
am,i
sdev
elopi
ngpackageofpr
act
icesofdi
ff
erent
cr
opsandcr
oppi
ngsy
stem underor
gani
cfar
mingi
ndi
ff
erentagr
o-ecol
ogi
calr
egi
onsoft
he
count
ry.Pr
esent
ly,t
he pr
ojecti
srunni
ng at13 co-
oper
ati
ng cent
res i
ncl
udi
ng St
ate
Agr
icul
tur
alUni
ver
sit
ies(
SAUs)spr
ead ov
er12 st
ates.I
CAR i
nst
it
utesi
ncl
udi
ng St
ate
Agr
icul
tur
alUni
ver
sit
iesi
mpar
ttr
aini
ngandor
gani
zeFr
ontLi
neDemonst
rat
ions(
FLD)t
o
educat
efar
mer
sonaspect
srel
atedt
oor
gani
cfer
ti
li
zer
s.

Schemest
opr
omot
eor
gani
cfar
mingi
nIndi
a
Nat
ional
Progr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion
Thi
swasi
mpl
ement
edi
nthey
ear2001.I
tinv
olv
est
hef
oll
owi
ng:
• Accr
edi
tat
ionpr
ogr
ammesf
orcer
ti
fi
cat
ionagenci
es
• Nor
msf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
ion
• Pr
omot
ionofor
gani
cfar
ming
Thef
oll
owi
ngst
ateshav
ebeenpr
omot
ingor
gani
cfar
mingt
hrought
hisscheme:
• Ker
ala,
Utt
aranchal
,Madhy
aPr
adesh,
Mahar
asht
ra,
Kar
nat
aka,
Guj
arat
,Raj
ast
han,
Tami
l
Nadu,
Sikki
m,Nagal
and,
Mizor
am,
hav
ebeenpr
omot
ingor
gani
cfar
ming.
• Thi
spr
ogr
ammepr
ovi
desi
nfor
mat
iononor
gani
cpr
oduct
ionst
andar
ds,
cri
ter
ia
andpr
ocedur
esf
oraccr
edi
tat
ionofi
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionbodi
es.
• St
andar
dsandpr
ocedur
eshav
ebeeni
nvol
vedi
nli
newi
thgl
obal
standar
dsl
i
kecodex.

• NPOPi
sadmi
nist
eredunderAGMARKbyMi
nist
ryofAgr
icul
tur
e.
• NPOPst
andar
dsf
orpr
oduct
ionandaccr
edi
tat
ionhav
ebeenr
ecogni
sedby
Eur
opeanCommi
ssi
onandSwi
tzer
landaswel
lasUSDA.

Thi
sisacl
ust
erbasedpr
ogr
ammef
orpr
omot
ionofor
gani
cfar
ming.

50ormor
efar
mer
swi
l
lfor
m acl
ust
erwi
th50acr
elandt
ocar
ryoutor
gani
c
f
armi
ngundert
hisscheme.
 I
n3y
ear
s,ar
ound10,
000cl
ust
erswi
l
lfor
m cov
eri
ng5l
akhacr
ear
eaunderor
gani
c
f
armi
ng;
far
mer
swi
l
lhav
enol
i
abi
l
ityf
orexpendi
tur
eoncer
ti
fi
cat
ion.
Aspert
hescheme,
eachf
armerwi
l
lbegi
venI
NR20,
000peracr
eint
hreey
ear
sfor
seedt
ohar
vest
ingofcr
opsandt
ranspor
tofpr
oducet
othemar
ket
.
Or
gani
cfar
mingwi
l
lal
sobepr
omot
edv
iat
radi
ti
onalr
esour
cesaspar
toft
hescheme.

Li
nkageswi
l
lbef
ormedbet
weenor
gani
cpr
oduct
sandt
hemar
ketaspert
hisscheme.

Theschemewi
l
lal
soi
ncr
easedomest
icpr
oduct
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionofor
gani
c
pr
oducet
hrought
hemedi
um off
armer
s.
AmountofI
NR300cr
orehasbeensanct
ionedf
ort
hisschemei
n2015-
2016.

• Thi
sschemewor
kst
owar
dsmaki
ngor
gani
cfar
mingsust
ainabl
e,
r
emuner
ati
veandcl
i
mat
eresi
stant
.

• Effort
sar
eal
soont
odev
elopnat
ural
resour
cesandpr
omot
eef
fi
cientwat
eruse
of“
mor
ecr
opperdr
op”f
oror
gani
cfar
mer
s.

• Theschemeal
sowor
kst
odev
elopt
hecapaci
tyofor
gani
cfar
mer
sand
st
akehol
der
sinconj
unct
ionwi
thot
hermi
ssi
ons.
•I
twi
l
lal
sol
ever
ageot
herschemessuchasMGNREA,
IWMPandRKVY.

•I
twi
l
lal
soest
abl
i
shdepar
tment
al/
mini
ster
ial
coor
dinat
ionf
ordel
i
ver
abl
es
undert
hescheme.

• I
twi
l
lwor
ktowar
dsdev
elopmentofknow-
how andR&Df
oror
gani
cfar
mer
sThe

Mi
ssi
onspeci
fi
cal
l
yinv
olv
esSHM orSoi
lHeal
thManagementt
hrough:
-Resi
duemanagement
-Or
gani
cfar
mingpr
act
ices
• Thesearet
hrough:
-Cr
eat
ionandl
i
nki
ngofsoi
lfer
ti
li
tymapswi
thmacr
oandmi
cronut
ri
entmanagement

-Rel
evantl
andusebasedonl
andusecapabi
l
ity
-Judi
ciousappl
i
cat
ionoff
ert
il
iser
s
-Mi
nimi
sat
ionofsoi
ler
osi
on/
degr
adat
ion

• The scheme wi
l
lbe i
mpl
ement
ed bySt
ate Gov
ernment
,Nat
ionalCent
re of
Organi
cFarming,Cent
ralFer
ti
li
serQuali
tyCont
rolandTr
aini
ngI
nst
it
uteaswel
l
asSoilandLandUseSurveyofI
ndiaFact
sandStats.
• Areaundercul
ti
vat
ionofcer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cfar
minghasgr
own17f
oldi
nthepast
onedecadef
rom 42,
000hai
n2003-
2004t
o7.
23l
akhhai
n2013-
2014.

• GoIhasal
soi
mpl
ement
edsev
eral
otherpr
ogr
ammesandschemesf
orboost
ing
or
gani
cfar
mingsuchas:
- Rasht
ri
yaKr
ishi
VikasYoj
ana(
RKVY)
,
- Mi
ssi
onf
orI
ntegr
atedDev
elopmentofHor
ti
cul
tur
e(MI
DH)
,
- Nat
ional
Missi
ononOi
l
seeds&Oi
lPal
m(NMOOP)
,
- Net
wor
kPr
ojectonOr
gani
cFar
mingofI
CAR.
Ar
eaunderor
gani
ccer
ti
fi
cat
ioni
n2013-
2014accor
dingt
oanASSOCHAM r
epor
t
was4.
72m ha.
Cul
ti
vat
edar
eawas0.
72maandf
orestar
eawas4.
00m ha.
Or
gani
ccer
ti
fi
edpr
oduct
ionamount
edt
o1.
24mi
l
li
onMTofwhi
chcul
ti
vabl
e
pr
oduct
ionwas1.
23m MTandwi
l
dcol
l
ect
ionwas0.
01m MT.
I
n2013-
2014,
asperASSOCHAM r
epor
t,quant
it
yexpor
tedwas194087MTof
whi
chf
oodwas177765MTandt
ext
il
eswas16322MT.Thi
ssi
gni
fi
esan
i
ncr
easeof17.
4%andexpor
tsv
aluedatI
NR2428cr
orer
upees.
Foodexpor
tswer
etot
het
uneofI
NR1328cr
oresandt
ext
il
eswer
eINR
1100cr
ore.Thi
sisani
ncr
easeof15.
28%f
rom t
hepr
evi
ousy
ear
.
I
ndi
a’
stot
alexpor
tofor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduct
sin2013-
2014wasI
USD
220.
47.I
tshar
eint
heor
gani
cgl
obal
foodmar
ketwas0.
35%.
Top10expor
tdest
inat
ionswer
etheUS,
theEU,
Canada,
Swi
tzer
land,
Japan,
Bangl
adesh,
UAE,
Mal
aysi
a,Aust
ral
i
aandNewZeal
and.
 Chapt
er4
Or
gani
cnut
ri
entr
esour
cesandi
tsf
ort
if
icat
ion
BI
OLOGI
CALI
NTENSI
VENUTRI
ENTMANAGEMENT
Thepr
act
icesofbi
ologi
calmanagementofsoi
lfer
ti
li
tyar
etheol
dconcept
.Iti
stheuseof

bi
ologi
calr
esour
cesoft
heecosy
stem,
par
ti
cul
arl
ythoseoft
hesoi
li
tsel
f,f
ormani
pul
ati
onofsoi
lfer
ti
li
ty.

Bi
ologi
calandphy
sicochemi
calmanagementar
eessent
ial
l
ybasedoni
ntegr
atedappr
oacht
osoi
lfer
ti
li
ty

management
.Iti
sanecol
ogi
calappr
oacht
osoi
lfer
ti
li
tymanagement
,whi
chhasf
avour
edbal
anced

f
armi
ngsy
stems.Bi
ologi
calappr
oacht
osoi
lfer
ti
li
tymanagementwi
l
lhel
ptor
est
oref
ert
il
it
yandwi
l
l

sol
vemanypr
obl
emsr
elat
edt
osoi
lmanagement
.

Thesuccessofbi
ologi
calmanagementpr
act
icesdependsonf
oll
owi
ngt
wo
pr
econdi
ti
ons,
whi
chmustbesat
isf
ied:
1.Theav
ail
abi
l
ityofamanagementpr
act
icet
hati
spr
act
ical
l
yandeconomi
cal
l
y
accept
abl
etot
hef
armer
.
2. Thedemonst
rat
ionbyt
hesci
ent
istt
hatt
hepr
act
icel
eadst
oenhancedsoi
lfer
ti
li
ty.

Somesoi
lmi
croor
gani
smspl
ayani
mpor
tantr
olei
nimpr
ovi
ngsoi
lfer
ti
li
tyandcr
op
pr
oduct
ivi
tyduet
othei
rcapabi
l
ityt
ofi
xat
mospher
icni
tr
ogen,sol
ubi
l
isei
nsol
ubl
ephosphat
e
anddecomposef
arm wast
esr
esul
ti
ngi
nther
eleaseofpl
antnut
ri
ent
.Theext
entofbenef
it
f
rom t
hesemi
croor
gani
smsdependsupont
hei
rnumberandef
fi
ciency
,whi
chhowev
er,i
s
gov
ernedbyal
argenumberofsoi
landenv
ironment
alf
act
ors.Anumberofpr
oduct
sar
enow
av
ail
abl
ethatar
egener
all
yref
err
edt
oassoi
landpl
antaddi
ti
ves,ofnon-
tr
adi
ti
onalnat
ure.
Thesepr
oduct
sincl
ude:
1.Mi
crobi
alf
ert
il
izer
sandsoi
li
nocul
ant
scont
ainuni
queandbenef
ici
alst
rai
nsof
soi
lmi
croor
gani
sms.
2.Mi
crobi
alact
ivat
orst
hatsupposedl
ycont
ainspeci
alchemi
cal
for
mul
ati
onsf
or
i
ncr
easi
ngt
henumber
sandact
ivi
tyofbenef
ici
almi
croor
gani
smsi
nsoi
l
.
3.Soi
lcondi
ti
onst
hatcl
aimt
ocr
eat
efav
our
abl
esoi
lphy
sical
andchemi
cal
condi
ti
ons,
whi
chr
esul
tini
ncr
easedgr
owt
handy
iel
dofcr
ops,
Ni
tr
ogenf
ixi
ngor
gani
sm canbepr
ovi
dedt
othef
armer
sint
henameofmi
crobi
al
i
nocul
ant
sot
her
wiset
ermedasbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
s.
ENRI
CHMENTOFCOMPOSTWI
THMI
CROBI
ALI
NOCULANTS
Compostpr
epar
edbyt
radi
ti
onalmet
hodi
susual
l
ylowi
nnut
ri
ent
sandt
her
eisneedt
oimpr
ove

i
tsqual
i
ty.Enr
ichmentofcompostusi
ngl
owcostNf
ixi
ngandphosphat
esol
ubi
l
isi
ngmi
crobesi
soneof

t
hepossi
blewayofi
mpr
ovi
ngnut
ri
entst
atusoft
hepr
oduct
.Itcoul
dbeachi
evedbyi
ntr
oduci
ng

mi
crobi
ali
nocul
ant
s,whi
char
emor
eef
fi
cientt
hant
henat
ivest
rai
nsassoci
atedwi
thsubst
rat
emat
eri
als.

Bot
htheni
tr
ogenf
ixi
ngandphosphat
esol
ubi
l
isi
ngmi
crobesar
emor
eexact
ingi
nthei
rphy
siol
ogi
caland

ecol
ogi
cal
requi
rement
sandi
tisdi
ff
icul
ttomeet
t
heser
equi
rement
sundernat
uralcondi
ti
ons.Theonl
yal
ter
nat
ivei
stoenhancet
hei
rinocul
umspot
ent
ial

i
nthe compost
ing mass.St
udi
es conduct
ed atI
ARI
,New Del
hi,showed t
hati
nocul
ati
on wi
th

Azot
obact
er/
Azospi
ri
ll
um andphosphat
esol
ubi
l
isi
ngcul
tur
eint
hepr
esenceof1%r
ockphosphat
eisa

benef
ici
ali
nputt
oobt
aingoodqual
i
tycompostr
ichi
nni
tr
ogen(
1.8%)
.Thehumuscont
entwasal
so

hi
gheri
nmat
eri
alt
reat
edwi
thmi
crobi
ali
nocul
ant
s.

ORGANI
CMANURES
Manur
e:Manur
eisawel
ldecomposedpl
antandani
malwast
est
hatar
eusedas
sour
cesofpl
antnut
ri
ent
s.
Or
gani
c manur
es:Or
gani
c manur
es gr
ouped i
nto bul
ky or
gani
c manur
es and
concent
rat
edor
gani
cmanur
esbasedonconcent
rat
ionoft
henut
ri
ent
.
Bul
kyOr
gani
cmanur
es:Far
myar
dmanur
es(
FYM)
,compost
,ni
ghtsoi
l
,sheepmanur
e,
andgr
eenmanur
ear
ethei
mpor
tantbul
kyor
gani
cmanur
es.
Concent
rat
edOr
gani
cmanur
es:
Oil
cakes,
bloodmeal
,bonemeal
,fi
shmanur
eet
c.ar
eimp.

concent
rat
edor
gani
cmanur
es.
FARM YARDMANURE
Far
m Yar
dManur
e:-FYM r
efer
stot
hedecomposedmi
xtur
eofdungandur
ineoff
arm ani
mal
s
al
ongwi
thl
i
tterandl
eftov
ermat
eri
alf
rom r
oughagesorf
odderf
edt
othecat
tl
e.

Onanav
eragewel
ldecomposedF.
Y.M cont
ains0.
5%N,
0.25%P2O5and
0.
5%K2OMet
hodsf
orpr
epar
ati
onoff
army
ardmanur
es
1.Pi
tmet
hodandTr
enchmet
hod
2.Heapmet
hod
3.Boxmet
hod
1.Pi
torTr
enchMet
hod
Thi
smet
hodi
srecommendedbyAchar
ya,
C.R.f
orar
easwi
thl
esst
han750.
mm ofr
ainf
all

pery
ear
Pr
ocedur
e
1.Forpr
epar
ati
onofFar
m Yar
dManur
ethet
renchesofsi
ze6m t
o7.
5m l
engt
h,1.
5m
t
o2.
0m wi
dthand1.
0m deepar
edug.
2.Al
lav
ail
abl
edr
yli
tt
erandr
efusef
rom t
hef
arm andt
hehousesshoul
dbeheapedupneart
he
cat
tl
e-shedandpor
ti
onsofl
i
tter
,mi
xedwi
thear
thi
fav
ail
abl
e,shoul
dbespr
eadi
ntheshedi
n
t
heev
eni
ng,
att
her
ateof2.
25kgperani
mal
fort
heabsor
pti
onofur
ine.
3.Eachmor
ning,
theur
ine-
soakedr
efuseal
ongwi
thdungi
scol
l
ect
edandpl
acedi
nthet
rench.

4.Asect
ionof1.
0m l
engt
hoft
het
renchf
rom oneendshoul
dbet
akenupf
orf
il
li
ng
wi
tht
hedai
l
ycol
l
ect
ionofr
efusef
rom t
hecat
tl
e-shed.
5.Whent
hesect
ioni
sfi
l
ledupt
oahei
ghtof45-60cm.abov
egr
oundl
evel
,thet
opoft
he
heapi
smadedomeshapedandpl
ast
eredov
erwi
thcow-
dung-
ear
thsl
urr
y,
6.
Aft
ert
hatt
henext1.
0m l
engt
hoft
het
renchi
stakenupf
orf
il
li
ng.

2.Heapmet
hod
I
nheav
yrai
nfal
lar
eat
heheapmet
hodofst
ori
ngt
hemanur
eisr
ecommended.Theheapsar
e

pr
epar
edabov
egr
oundandt
hemanur
eyar
dsi
tuat
edonahi
ghl
ayi
ngsi
te.Ev
erydayt
hemat
eri
ali
s

ar
rangedl
ayerbyl
ayer
.Eachl
ayeri
sequall
engt
handbr
eadt
hwi
thahei
ghtofabout30cm .Whent
he

heapi
sabout2m hi
gh,
iti
sroundedont
het
op&pl
ast
eredov
erwi
thami
xtur
eofsoi
l

&dung.Themanur
eisr
eadyf
oruseaf
terabout4t
o5
mont
hs.3.Boxmet
hod.
I
nthi
smet
hod,
cat
tl
eshedi
tsel
fisusedf
orpr
epar
ing&st
ori
ngf
army
ardmanur
e.Thef
loor
oft
heshedi
sdug0.
5to1m.bel
owt
hegr
oundl
evel&st
rawl
eav
es&ot
herr
efusesar
espr
ead
dai
l
yont
hef
loort
oabsor
bur
ine.Thel
i
tter&dungar
etr
ampl
edundert
hef
eetoft
heani
mal
s
t
iedi
ntheshed.Thi
spr
ocesscont
inuest
il
lthesunkenpor
ti
onr
isessl
i
ght
lyabov
ethegr
ound
l
evel
.Themanur
eist
hendugout&appl
i
edt
othef
iel
d.Thi
smet
hodi
snotmuchpr
act
icedi
n
I
ndi
aast
hemi
l
chandwor
kcat
tl
ear
esmear
edwi
thdungandur
ineandbecomedi
rt
y.I
tcan
howev
erbecl
eaned.

COMPOST
Compost:
-Amassofwel
lrot
tedpl
antandani
mal
resi
duesi
scal
l
edt
hecompost
.
Compost
ing:
-Compost
ingi
sapr
ocessbywhi
chor
gani
cwast
esar
econv
ert
edi
ntoor
gani
c
f
ert
il
izer
sbymeansofbi
ologi
cal
act
ivi
tyundercont
rol
l
edcondi
ti
ons.
Ty
pesofCompost
:
1) Rur
alcompost(
compostf
rom f
arml
i
tter
)
Thi
sut
il
izeweeds,cr
opst
ubbl
es,f
army
ardwast
age,st
raw,cr
opsr
esi
duessuchas
cot
tonst
alks,gr
oundnuthusk,l
eav
es,sugar
canet
rash,ur
inesoakedear
thandl
i
tter
f
rom cat
tl
eshed,
wast
efodderet
c.
Av
eragenut
ri
entCont
ains=0.
5%N,
0.15%P2O5,
0.5%K2O
2) Ur
bancompost(
compostf
rom t
ownr
efuse)
Themaincomponentsoft owncompostar
eni
ghtsoi
landst
reetanddustbi
n
(
house)r
efusesandwoodashes.
Av
eragenut
ri
entCont
ains=1.
4%N,
1.0%P2O5,
1.4%K2O
Mostoft
heI
ndi
anf
armer
spr
epar
ethei
rcomposti
nopenpi
torabov
egr
oundby
pi
l
ingor
gani
cwast
esandot
hermat
eri
als.Thi
stechni
quer
equi
remor
eti
meandf
inal
pr
oducti
sal
sonotv
erywel
ldecomposed.Ther
ear
ecer
tai
nmet
hodsf
orpr
epar
ati
onof
goodcompostwhi
char
easf
all
ows.
Met
hodsf
orcompost
ingofagr
icul
tur
alwast
es
1)I
ndor
emet
hod
2)Bangl
oremet
hod
3)NADEPmet
hod
4)Coi
mbat
oremet
hod
5)Wi
ndr
owcompost
ing(
leafcompost
)
6)Ver
micompost
ing
7)Ani
mal
wast
ecompost
ing
8)Phospho-
compost
9)Rei
nfor
cedcompostusi
ngsugarcanet
rashandpr
essmud
10)
Enr
ichedFYM
11)
Weedcompost
ing
12)
Compost
ingofPar
theni
um
1.I
ndor
eMet
hodofcompost
ing(
Aer
obi
c):
-
Thi
smet
hodhasbeendev
elopedbyHowar
dandwad(
1931)
.Int
hismet
hodt
hewast
e
mat
eri
alar
espr
eadoutandmoi
stenedwi
thdungorni
ghtsoi
lsl
urr
y.Thesear
ethenbui
l
tupi
nto
heapsofsi
ze4-
6m l
engt
hx1m br
eadt
hx1m hei
ght
.Per
iodi
ctur
ningar
egi
vent
oaer
ateand
mi
xthemat
eri
alswi
thmoi
stur
eaddi
ti
on.Whi
chcausemor
eorl
esst
otaldi
sint
egr
ati
onandy
iel
d
abr
ownhomogenousmanur
einaboutt
hreemont
handi
tcont
ains0.
8%N,
0.3%Phosphor
icaci
d
and1.
5%pot
ash.Butbi
ggestdr
awbackoft
hismet
hodi
siti
nvol
vesmor
elabouri
npr
epar
ati
on
andper
iodi
ctur
ningofmat
eri
alandbecomesexpensi
veandi
mpr
act
icalwhenl
argequant
it
iesof
mat
eri
alhav
etopr
ocessed.

Pi
tmet
hod:
-Thepi
tabout8m l
engt
h,2m wi
deand1m deepl
engt
hshoul
dbedug.
Fi
l
li
ngt
hepi
t:-
Thewast
emat
eri
alsar
espr
eadev
enl
yint
hepi
tinl
ayer
sof10-
15cm.Thenasl
urr
yofdung
madewi
th4.
5kgur
inesoakedear
thand4.
5kgofi
nocul
um t
akenf
rom a15day
-ol
dcompost
ingpi
t
i
saddedasl
ayeroni
t.Suf
fi
cientquant
it
yofwat
eri
sspr
inkl
edov
ert
hemat
eri
ali
nthepi
ttoweti
t.
Thepi
tisf
il
ledi
nthi
sway
,lay
erbyl
ayer
,andi
tshoul
dnott
akemor
ethanoneweekt
ofi
l
l.Car
e
shoul
dbet
akent
oav
oidcompact
ingt
hemat
eri
ali
nanyway
.

Tur
ning:
-
Themat
eri
ali
stur
nedt
hreet
imesdur
ingt
hewhol
eper
iodofcompost
ing;t
hef
ir
stt
ime15day
s

af
terf
il
li
ngt
hepi
t,t
hesecondaf
teranot
her15day
sandt
het
hir
daf
teranot
hermont
h.Ateacht
urni
ng,

t
hemat
eri
ali
smi
xedt
hor
oughl
y,moi
stenedwi
thwat
erandr
epl
acedi
nthepi
t.

2.Bangal
oreMet
hodofcompost
ing(
Anaer
obi
c):
-
Thi
smet
hodofcompost
ingwasdev
elopedatBangal
orei
nIndi
abyL.
N.Achar
ya(
1939)
.The
met
hodi
sver
ygoodf
orcompost
ingoft
ownr
efuseandni
ghtsoi
l
.Int
hismet
hod
compostpr
oduct
iondepot
sisl
ocat
edj
ustont
heout
ski
rt(
neart
heci
ty)f
orconv
eni
ent
t
ranspor
tofst
reetr
efuseandni
ghtsoi
ltot
hepi
ts.
I
nthi
smet
hod,t
renchesofsui
tabl
edi
mensi
onar
edugouti
nrows,r
oadof
sui
tabl
ewi
dthsar
epr
ovi
dedbet
weenr
owf
ort
hecar
ts/
vehi
clet
oappr
oachandunl
oad
t
hemat
eri
ali
nsi
det
het
renches.
Or
gani
cref
useandni
ghtsoi
lar
eputi
nal
ter
nat
elay
ersof15cm and5cm unt
ilt
hepi
tis
f
il
led15cm abov
egr
oundl
evelwi
thaf
inall
ayerofr
efuseont
het
op.Thi
smaybecov
eredwi
th
at
hinl
ayerofsoi
l
.Thi
sanaer
obi
cdecomposi
ti
oni
scompar
ati
vel
ysl
owandaboutmor
ethan6
mont
hst
imear
erequi
rest
oreadyt
hecompostf
oruse.
3.NADEPmet
hod
I
tisasemi-
aer
obi
cmet
hodofcompost
ingdev
elopedbyN RPandar
iPandeof
Yeot
mal(MH).
I
tcont
ains0.
5-1.
5%N,
0.5-
0.9%P2O5and1.
2-1.
4%K2O.
Thi
smet
hodi
ssi
mil
art
oourt
radi
ti
onalheapmet
hodofcompost
ingbuti
tis
donei
nbr
ickl
i
nedencl
osur
esabov
ethegr
oundpr
ovi
dedwi
thhol
esonal
lfoursi
des.
Thesi
zeoft
het
ankwhi
chi
sconst
ruct
edabov
ethesur
facei
sgener
all
y4m i
nlengt
h
x1m i
nwi
dthandx1m i
nhei
ght
.
Ther
equi
rementofNADEPcomposti
s.
1.Agr
icul
tur
alwast
es :
14-
15qui
ntal
2.Cat
tl
edungorbi
ogassl
urr
y :
98-
100kg
3.Fi
nesi
evedsoi
l :
1700-
1880kg
4.Wat
er :15002000l
i
ter
s
Met
hodol
ogyofNADEPcompostpr
epar
ati
on
Pr
epar
ethebr
icksst
ruct
ure

Pi
l
e18-
20cm t
hickl
ayer
sofor
gani
cwast
esanddr
encht
hewast
eby120-
150l
i
ter
sofwat
ermi
xedwi
th

cowdung(
4kg)
.Then40-
60kgpul
ver
izedsoi
lspr
eadov
ert
hemat
eri
al.

Repeatt
hepr
ocesst
il
lthepi
l
egoes30-
45cm hi
ghert
hant
hest
ruct
ure

Pl
ast
ert
het
otal
heapwi
thmi
xtur
eofdungandmudI
n

bout3-
4mont
hscompl
etedecomposi
ti
ont
akepl
ace.
 Gr
eenmanur
ing
Gr
eenmanur
e
Gr
eenundecomposedpl
antmat
eri
alusedasmanur
eiscal
l
edgr
eenmanur
e.I
tis
obt
ainedi
ntwoway
sbygr
owi
nggr
eenmanur
ecr
opsorbycol
l
ect
inggr
eenl
eaf(
alongwi
th
t
wigs)f
rom pl
ant
sgr
owni
nwast
elands,
fiel
dbundsandf
orest
.
Gr
eenmanur
ing
Gr
eenmanur
ingcanbedef
inedaspr
act
iceofpl
oughi
ngort
urni
ngi
ntot
hesoi
l
undecomposedgr
eenpl
antt
issuesf
ort
hepur
poseofi
mpr
ovi
ngphy
sicalst
ruct
ureas
wel
lasf
ert
il
it
yofsoi
l
.
Legumi
nousgr
eenmanur
es
Sesbani
a(Sesbani
a speci
osa)
,Dhai
ncha (
Sesbani
a acul
eat
a),Moong or gr
een-
gram (
Vigna

ungui
cul
ata)
,Cowpea (
Vigna r
adi
ata)
,Sunhemp (
Crot
alar
ia j
uncea)
,Cl
ust
er bean (
Cyamopsi
s

t
etr
agonol
oba)
,Ur
idorbl
ack-
gram (
Vignamungo)
,Ber
seem (
Tri
fol
i
um al
exandr
ium)

Nonl
egumi
nousgr
eenmanur
ingcr
ops
Jowar(
Sor
ghum bi
col
or)
,Mai
ze(
Zeamay
s),
Sunf
lower(
Hel
i
ant
hus
annus)“
Char
act
ersofagoodgr
eenmanur
ingcr
ops”
1.I
tshoul
dyi
eldal
argequant
it
yofgr
eenmat
eri
alwi
thashor
tper
iod
2. I
tshoul
dbequi
ckgr
owi
ng,
especi
all
yint
hebegi
nni
ngsoast
osuppr
esst
heweeds.

3.I
tshoul
dpr
efer
abl
ybeal
egume.
4.I
tshoul
dsuccul
ent&hasmor
eleaf
ygr
owt
h.
5.I
tiseasyt
oincor
por
ate.
6.I
tisqui
ckl
ydecomposabl
e
Nut
ri
entcont
entofi
mpor
tantgr
eenmanur
eandgr
eenl
eafmanur
ecr
ops
Sr
.No Cr
ops Nut
ri
entcont
ent(
%)ondr
ywt
.b
A)Gr
eenmanur
e:- N P K
1. Sebani
aacul
ata–Dhai
ncha 3.
3 0.
7 1.
3
2 Cr
otal
ari
aJunceaSannhemp 2.
6 0.
6 2.
0
3 Sesbani
aspeci
osa 2.
7 0.
5 2.
2
4 Tephr
osi
apur
pur
ea 2.
4 0.
3 0.
8
5 Phasol
ust
ri
lobus 2.
1 0.
5 -
B)Gr
eenl
eafmanur
e:-
1 Pongami
agl
abr
a(Kar
anj
) 3.
2 0.
3 1.
3
2 Gl
yri
cidi
aMacul
eat
a 2.
9 0.
5 2.
8
3 Azadi
racht
aindi
ca(
Neem) 2.
8 0.
3 0.
4
4 Cal
atr
opi
sgi
gant
a 2.
1 0.
7 3.
6
ADVANTAGESOFGREENMANURI
NG

1. I
taddst
heor
gani
cmat
tert
othesoi
l&st
imul
atet
heact
ivi
tyofmi
cro-
organi
sms.
2.I
timpr
ovest
heSt
ruct
ureoft
hesoi
l
,ther
ebyi
mpr
ovi
ngt
hewat
erhol
ding
capaci
tyofsoi
ldecr
easi
ngr
unof
fer
osi
on.
3.I
timpr
ovesaer
ati
oni
nther
icesoi
l
sbyst
imul
ati
ngt
heact
ivi
ti
esofsur
facef
il
m
ofal
gaeandbact
eri
a.
4.I
tfi
xest
heni
tr
ogenf
rom at
mospher
e.
5.I
tsuppr
essest
hegr
owt
hofweeds
6.I
ttakesnut
ri
ent
sfr
om l
owerl
ayer
soft
hesoi
landaddst
otheupperl
ayeri
n
whi
chi
tisi
ncor
por
ated.
7. Manygr
eenmanur
ecr
opshav
eaddi
ti
onal
useassour
cesoff
ood,
feedandf
uel
.
8.Cer
tai
ngr
eenmanur
eli
kePongami
aandNeem l
eav
esar
erepor
tedt
ohav
e
i
nsectcont
rol
eff
ect
s.

1.I
nci
denceofpest&di
seasesmayi
ncr
ease
2.Lossofonecr
op
3.Depl
eti
onofmoi
stur
ewhi
chaf
fect
sthegr
owt
hoft
hesucceedi
ngcr
op
LI
MITATI
ONI
NRAI
SINGGREENMANURECROPS
1.Non-
avai
l
abi
l
ityofwat
err
esour
cesmayr
est
ri
ctr
aisi
ngofgr
eenmanur
ecr
ops.
2.Non-
avai
l
abi
l
ityofgoodqual
i
tyseeds.
Ty
pesofgr
eenmanur
ing
Ther
ear
etwot
ypesofgr
eenmanur
ing
Gr
eenmanur
ingi
n-si
tu
Themostcommongr
eenmanur
ecr
opsgr
ownundert
hissy
stem ar
esunhemp(
Crot
alar
ia
j
uncea)
,dhani
cha(
Sesbani
aacul
eat
a),Sesbani
arost
rat
aandgaur(
Cyamopsi
stet
ragonol
oba)
.In
t
hissy
stem,gr
eenmanur
ecr
opsar
egr
ownandbur
iedi
nthesamef
iel
d,whi
chi
stobegr
een
manur
ed,
eit
herasapur
ecr
oporasani
nter
cropwi
tht
hemai
ncr
op.

Gr
een-
leafmanur
ing
Gr
een-
leafmanur
ingr
efer
stot
urni
ngi
ntot
hesoi
lgr
eenl
eav
esandt
endergr
een
t
wigscol
l
ect
edf
rom shr
ubsandt
reesgr
ownonbunds,
wast
elandsandnear
byf
orestar
eas.
The common shr
ubs and t
rees uses ar
e:Gl
yri
cidi
a(Gl
yri
cidi
a macul
ata)
,Sesbani
a
(
Sesbani
aspeci
osa)andKar
anj
(Pongami
api
nnat
a).
 Ver
micompost
Ver
micul
tur
e:Ver
micul
tur
eist
hemet
hodofmassmul
ti
pli
cat
ionofear
thwor
ms.I
tisan
excel
l
entt
oolofor
gani
cfar
ming,
whi
chi
shel
pfuli
nmai
ntai
ningsoi
lfer
ti
li
tyst
atusf
ora
l
ongt
ime.
Ver
micompost:Ver
micomposti
snot
hingbutt
heexcr
etaofear
thwor
ms,whi
chi
sri
ch
i
nhumusandnut
ri
ent
s.
Ver
micomposti
s a mi
xtur
e ofwor
m cast
ings,or
gani
c mat
eri
al,humus,l
i
ving
ear
thwor
ms,cocoons and ot
her or
gani
sms.Dependi
ng upon nat
ure of subst
rat
e,
v
ermi
compostcont
ains2.
5–3.
0%N,
1.0–1.
5%phosphor
ousand1.
5–2.
0%pot
ash.
I
nIndi
a,onl
ytwospeci
esar
ebei
ngcommonl
yusedf
orv
ermi
cul
tur
evi
z.,
Eiseni
a
f
oet
ida,
andEudr
il
useugeni
ae.
Themat
eri
alsr
equi
redf
orv
ermi
compost
ingar
e
Cat
tl
edung,
Agr
icul
tur
alwast
es,
e.g.v
eget
abl
eswast
es,
sugar
canet
rash
et
c.Pl
antpr
oduct
s,e.
g.sawdustandpul
p,v
ari
oust
ypesof
l
eafl
i
tter
.Ci
tyr
efuseorgar
bage
Bi
ogassl
urr
y
I
ndust
ri
alwast
es.
Ver
micompostcanbepr
epar
edbypi
t,heapmet
hodori
nconcr
etet
ank.Howev
er,
all
the

met
hodsshedi
snecessar
yforpr
otect
ingt
hewor
msf
rom r
ainanddi
rectsunl
i
ght
.
Pr
epar
ati
onofv
ermi
compostbyheapmet
hod:
1.Pr
epar
etheheapofor
gani
cmat
terhav
ingsi
ze2.
5–3m l
engt
h,and90cm wi
dth.
2.Fi
rstspr
inkl
ert
hewat
erongr
ound
3.Pl
ace3-
5cm t
hickl
ayerofsl
owl
ydecomposi
ngor
gani
csubst
ancessuchas
coconutcoi
r,gr
ass,
ricehusk,
baggaset
c.andspr
inkl
esuf
fi
cientwat
eroni
t.
4.Ov
ert
hisl
ayer
,pl
ace3-
5cm t
hickl
ayerofpar
ti
all
ydecomposedFYM orCompost
orGar
den

soi
landmoi
sti
t.Thi
slay
erwi
l
lser
veasat
empor
aryshel
terf
orear
thwor
m
5.Thenr
eleaset
heear
thwor
m oni
t.
6. Then pl
ace a l
ayerofpar
ti
all
ydecomposed cr
op r
esi
due,cowdung,weeds,l
eav
es of

gl
yri
cidi
a,poul
tr
ymanur
e.f
ishmealet
c.Forenhanci
ngdecomposi
ti
onandv
ermi
compost
ing

pr
ocesst
heor
gani
cmat
eri
alshoul
dbecuti
ntosmal
l
erpi
eces.Thet
otalhei
ghtoft
heheap

shoul
dnotbemor
e60cm.Spr
inkl
esuf
fi
cientwat
eroni
t.
 7.Cov
ert
heheapwi
thgunnybagandspr
inkl
ewat
erdai
l
ytomai
ntai
n40-
50%
0
moi
stur
econt
ent
.Thet
emper
atur
eoft
heheapshoul
dbe25–30 C.
8. Af
ter2-2.
5mont
hst
heheapwi
l
lber
eadyf
orhar
vestwi
thgoodqual
i
tyv
ermi
compost
.
Ther
emov
edv
ermi
compostshoul
dbeheapedi
nanopenpl
ace.Thent
hewor
mswi
l
l
f
indwayt
othebot
tom oft
heheap.Thev
ermi
compostf
rom t
het
opcanber
emov
ed,
dr
iedi
nshedandsi
evedt
osepar
atet
heear
thwor
m,whi
chwi
l
lbeagai
nusedf
or
pr
epar
ati
onofv
ermi
compost
.

1.Thev
ermi
compostcanbepr
epar
edi
nconcr
etet
ank.Thesi
zeoft
het
ankshoul
dbe10f
t.
l
engt
hormor
edependi
ngupont
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofl
andandr
awmat
eri
als,
breadt
h3-5f
tand
hei
ght3f
t.Sui
tabl
epl
ast
ict
ube/basi
nst
ruct
uremayal
sobeneeded.Thef
looroft
het
ank
shoul
dbeconnect
edwi
thst
onesandpi
ecesofbr
icks.
2.Theav
ail
abl
ebi
o-wast
esar
etobecol
l
ect
edandar
etobeheapedundersunabout7-
10day
sandbechoppedi
fnecessar
y.
3.
Spr
inkl
i
ngofcowdungsl
urr
ytot
heheapmaybedone.
4.At
hinl
ayerofhal
fdecomposedcowdung(
1-2i
nches)i
stobepl
acedatt
hebot
tom.
5.Pl
acet
hechoppedbi
owast
eandpar
ti
all
ydecomposedcowdungl
ayerwi
se(
10-
20
cm)i
nthet
ank/potupt
othedept
hof2½f
t.Thebi
owast
eandcowdungr
ati
oshoul
d
be60:
40ondr
ywt
.Basi
s.
6.Rel
easeabout2-
3kgear
thwor
mspert
onofbi
omassor100nos.ear
thwor
msper
onesq.f
t.ar
ea.
7.
Placewi
renet/bamboonetov
ert
het
ankt
opr
otectear
thwor
mfr
om bi
rds.
8.
Spr
inkl
i
ngofwat
ershoul
dbedonet
omai
ntai
n70-
80%moi
stur
econt
ent
.
9.Pr
ovi
sionofashedov
ert
hecomposti
sessent
ial
topr
eventent
ryofr
ainwat
erand
di
rectsunshi
ne.
10.Spr
inkl
i
ngofwat
ershoul
dbest
oppedwhen90% bi
o-wast
esar
edecomposed.
Mat
uri
tycoul
dbej
udgedv
isual
l
ybyobser
vingt
hef
ormat
ionofgr
anul
arst
ruct
ureoft
he
compostatt
hesur
faceoft
het
ank.
11.
Har
vestt
hev
ermi
compostbyscr
appi
ngl
ayerwi
sef
rom t
het
opoft
het
ankand
heapundershed.Thi
swi
l
lhel
pinsepar
ati
onofear
thwor
msf
rom t
hecompost
.Si
evi
ng
mayal
sobedonet
osepar
atet
heear
thwor
msandcocoons.
ADVANTAGESOFVERMI
COMPOST
1.Ver
micomposti
sri
chi
nal
lessent
ial
plantnut
ri
ent
s.
2.Ver
micomposti
sfr
eef
lowi
ng,
easyt
oappl
y,handl
eandst
oreanddoesnothav
e
badodour
 3.I
timpr
ovessoi
lst
ruct
ure,
text
ure,
aer
ati
on,
andwat
erhol
dingcapaci
tyand
pr
event
ssoi
ler
osi
on
4.Ver
micomposti
sri
chi
nbenef
ici
almi
crof
lor
asuchasaf
ixer
s,P-sol
ubi
l
izer
s,cel
l
ulose
decomposi
ngmi
cro-
fl
oraet
cinaddi
ti
ont
oimpr
ovesoi
lenv
ironment
.
5.Ver
micompostcont
ainsear
thwor
m cocoonsandi
ncr
easest
hepopul
ati
onand
act
ivi
tyofear
thwor
mint
hesoi
l
6.I
tpr
event
snut
ri
entl
osses
7.Ver
micomposti
sfr
eef
rom pat
hogens,
toxi
cel
ement
s,weedseedset
c.
8.Ver
micompostmi
nimi
zest
hei
nci
denceofpestanddi
seases.
9.I
tenhancest
hedecomposi
ti
onofor
gani
cmat
teri
nsoi
l
.
10.I
tcont
ainsv
aluabl
evi
tami
ns,
enzy
mesandhor
monesl
i
keauxi
ns,
gibber
ell
i
nset
c.

VERMI
-WASH
Thepr
epar
ati
onofv
ermi
washi
smadef
rom ear
thwor
msr
ear
edi
near
thenpot
s
orpl
ast
icdr
ums.I
tcont
ainsv
itami
ns(
B-12)
,hor
mones(
giber
ll
ins)et
c.Thest
eps
f
oll
owedi
npr
epar
ati
onofv
ermi
n-washar
easf
oll
ows.
Takepl
ast
icdr
um of60l
i
t.capaci
tyhav
ingahol
esi
tuat
edatt
hebot
tom,
to
whi
chwat
ert
apf
ixedt
ocol
l
ectv
ermi
wash.
Fi
l
lthedr
um wi
thpi
ecesofbr
icksupt
o10cm hei
ghtf
rom t
hebot
tom,
abov
e
whi
ch5cm t
hickl
ayerofcoar
sesandi
sadd,
Abov
ethi
s,apl
ast
icneti
spl
aced
andspr
eadoutf
oref
fect
ivedr
ainge
Pl
ace30cm t
hickl
ayerofpar
ti
all
ydecomposed15-
20day
sol
dcowdungand
spr
inkl
esuf
fi
cientwat
ert
omoi
stent
hel
ayer
Rel
ease500f
ull
grownear
thwor
msi
nthewast
e/dungl
ayer
Pl
ace30cm t
hickl
ayerofor
gani
cmat
eri
alandspr
inkl
ewat
er@ of50%oft
he
wei
ghtofor
gani
cmat
tert
omoi
stent
hel
ayer
.Thewat
ershoul
dbespr
inkl
edat
t
woday
sint
erv
al.
Al
l
owt
hecompost
ingpr
ocesst
ocont
inuet
il
lbr
owni
shbl
ackmaskofcompost
i
sobt
ained.Occasi
onal
l
y,t
woort
hreet
abl
espoonsoff
reshcowdungsl
urr
yis
pour
edont
hehumusasf
eedf
ort
hewor
ms.
Af
tert
hef
ormat
ionofcompost
,soakt
heent
ir
emaskwi
thwat
er.Af
ter24hour
s
t
hest
agnat
edwat
eratbot
tom ofdr
um i
scol
l
ect
edt
hroughwat
ert
apf
ixedatt
he
bot
tom i
scal
l
edas‘
Ver
miwash’
.
RECYCLI
NGOFORGANI
CRESI
DUES.
Or
gani
cwast
esandsur
pluscr
opr
esi
duescanber
ecy
cledi
nthesoi
ltoi
mpr
ove
t
hebi
ologi
cal
,chemi
calandphy
sicalpr
oper
ti
esofsoi
lresul
ti
ngi
nhi
ghery
iel
d.Ther
e
ar
ethr
eeway
sofr
ecy
cli
ngt
heor
gani
cresi
duei
nthesoi
l
.
1.I
n-si
tumanur
ing
2.Ex-
sit
umanur
ing
3.Bi
ologi
cal
manur
ing
1.I
n-si
tumanur
ing:
-Int
hismet
hodt
hemanur
eispr
ovi
dedbyani
mal
orpl
antsour
cesatsi
te.

2.Ex-
sit
umanur
ing:
-Theor
gani
cmat
terandpl
antnut
ri
ent
stakenouti
nter
msofbi
ologi
caly
iel
d
needt
ober
etur
nedt
othesoi
lforsust
aini
ngt
hesoi
lfer
ti
li
ty.I
ncor
por
ati
onofdecomposedpl
ant
andani
mal
wast
esar
ethemaj
orsour
cef
ort
hist
ypeofmanur
ing.

3.Bi
ologi
calmanur
ing:
-Sev
eralt
ypesoff
aunaandf
lor
awhi
chei
therhel
pinmobi
l
izi
ng
or
gani
cmat
terandnut
ri
entoractasnut
ri
entpr
ovi
derf
rom ot
hersour
cese.
g.Ni
tr
ogen
f
ixi
ngmi
crobes.
ORGANI
CRECYCLABLEWASTES
Or
gani
crecy
clabl
ewast
esi
ncl
udescr
opr
esi
dues,
li
vest
ockandhumanwast
es,
Urbanandr
ural

wast
es,Agr
o–i
ndust
ri
eswast
es,Mar
inewast
eset
c.Theyar
eval
uabl
esour
cesofpl
antnut
ri
entand

humus.Tr
opi
calandsub-
tr
opi
calsoi
l
sfoundi
nIndi
a,t
her
eisgener
aldef
ici
encyofor
gani
ccar
bonand

pl
antnut
ri
ent
sduet
orapi
dlossoft
hesecomponent
sbybi
o-degr
adat
ion.Tomakeupt
hesel
osses,

ext
ensi
veut
il
izat
ionofor
gani
cresi
duesi
nagr
icul
tur
eisessent
ial
.

I
nIndi
a,t
her
eisagr
eatpot
ent
ialf
orut
il
izat
ionofcr
opr
esi
dues/
str
awofmaj
or
cr
ops.Ev
eni
f50%cr
opr
esi
duesar
eut
il
izedasani
malf
eed,
ther
estcoul
dbemobi
l
ized
f
orr
ecy
cli
ngofpl
antnut
ri
ent
s.
1.Cr
opr
esi
dues:
Resi
duesl
eftoutaf
tert
hehar
vestoft
heeconomi
cpor
ti
onar
ecal
l
edcr
op
r
esi
dues/
str
aw.St
rawhasgoodmanur
ial
val
uesi
ncei
tcont
ainappr
eci
abl
eamountofpl
ant
nut
ri
ent
s.Onanav
erage,cer
ealst
raw andr
esi
duescont
ainabout0.
5%N,0.
6% P2O5

and1.
5% K2O.Thecr
opr
esi
duescanber
ecy
cledbywayofi
ncor
por
ati
on,compost
maki
ngormul
chmat
eri
al.
2.Agr
o-i
ndust
ri
alwast
es:
Agr
o-i
ndust
ri
alwast
esar
eav
ail
abl
einsubst
ant
ial
quant
it
ies
atpr
ocessi
ngsi
tesandcanbeef
fect
ivel
yut
il
izedasmanur
e.
i
)Ri
cehusk:
Iti
sthemaj
orby
-pr
oductoft
her
icemi
l
li
ngi
ndust
ry.Unhul
l
edpaddygr
ain
const
it
utes20-
25%ofhusk.I
tisapoorsour
ceofmanur
eandt
henut
ri
enti
sver
ylow(
0.3-
0.
4%N,0.
2-0.
3%P2O5and0.
3–0.
5%K2O)
.Ri
cehuskshoul
dbei
ncor
por
atedi
ntot
hewet
soi
landcanbeusedi
nsal
i
neandal
kal
i
nesoi
l
stoi
mpr
ovet
hephy
sicalcondi
ti
ons.I
tcan
al
sobeusedasabeddi
ngmat
eri
alf
orani
mal
s.
i
i
.)Bagasse:
Iti
stheby
-pr
oductofsugari
ndust
ry.I
tismai
nlyusedasf
uel
inboi
l
ersofsugarf
act
ori
es.I
t
canbeusedasmanur
eraworaf
tercompost
ing.I
tcont
ain0.
25%Nand0.
12%P2O5.

i
i
i)Pr
essmud:I
tist
heby
-pr
oductofsugari
ndust
ry.I
tcont
ain1.
25%N,
2%P2O5and20-
25% or
gani
cmat
ter
.Addi
ti
onofpr
essmudi
shi
ghl
yusef
ult
oaci
dicsoi
l
ssi
ncei
t
cont
ainshi
ghamountofl
i
me(
upt
o45%)
.
i
v)Teawast
es:I
nthet
eai
ndust
ry,t
eawast
esar
eav
ail
abl
edur
ingt
hecour
seoft
eapr
oduct
ion,

pr
ocessi
ngandst
orage.Teawast
esar
eusedf
orext
ract
ionofcaf
fei
ne.Thedecaf
fei
nat
edt
ea

wast
escanbeusedasamanur
e.Nut
ri
entcont
entoft
hespentt
eawast
eis0.
3-0.
35%N,
0.
4%P2O5and1.
5%K2O.
v
)Coi
rwast
e:I
tist
hewast
espr
oductf
rom t
hecoi
rindust
ryandmost
lydumpednear
t
he r
oad si
des.To r
educe t
he bul
k and C:
N r
ati
o,compost
ing ofcoi
rpi
thi
s
r
ecommended.Thecompost
edcoi
rpi
thcont
ains1.
26%N,
0.06%Pand1.
2%Kwi
thC/
N
r
ati
o24:
1.Thel
i
gni
nisr
educedt
o4.
8%duet
ocompost
ing.
3.Li
vest
ockandHumanwast
es:
Cat
tl
eshedwast
es,
otherl
i
vest
ockandhumanexcr
eta,
by
product
sofsl
aught
erhousesandani
mal
car
cases.
4.Ur
banandr
ural
wast
es:
Humanhabi
tat
ionhasal
way
scr
eat
edl
argeusabl
ewast
es.
Suchwast
esmayconsi
stsof
a.Gar
bage–Househol
dwast
es,
roadsweepi
ngswast
es
b.Sewage–Consi
sti
ngofsol
i
dandl
i
qui
dwast
esf
rom i
nter
nal
drai
nage.I
tmayconsi
st
ofSewagesl
udge(
sol
i
dpar
t)andsewagewat
er
c.Sul
l
age:
Thatpar
toft
heci
tywast
esf
rom whi
chsepar
ati
onofl
i
qui
dandsol
i
dpar
tis
notpossi
ble.
5.Mar
inewast
es:
Fishmeal
andaquat
ic/
seaweeds.

BI
OFERTI
LIZER
Bi
ofer
ti
li
zer
:Thet
erm bi
o-f
ert
il
izerr
efer
stot
hepr
epar
ati
oncont
aini
ngpr
imar
il
yact
ive
st
rai
nsofmi
croor
gani
sm.Theyar
ereadyt
ousel
i
vef
ormul
atesofsuchmi
croor
gani
sm,
whi
chonappl
i
cat
iont
oseed,r
ootorsoi
lfi
xat
mospher
icni
tr
ogenorsol
ubi
l
ize/
mobi
l
ize
pl
antnut
ri
ent
sorot
her
wisest
imul
atepl
antgr
owt
hsubst
ances.
I
not
herwor
dsbi
ofer
ti
li
zerar
eli
vi
ngor
gani
smsorbi
oinocul
ant
swhi
chhav
egot
t
hecapaci
tyt
oconv
ertunav
ail
abl
efor
m ofpl
antnut
ri
entt
oav
ail
abl
efor
m ofnut
ri
ent
f
orpl
antuse.Thi
sisal
owcosti
nputi
ncr
oppr
oduct
iont
hroughwhi
chf
armerwi
l
lget
mor
eyi
eldf
rom t
hecr
opwi
thgoodqual
i
tyf
rui
ts.
Thei
mpor
tantchar
act
eri
sti
csofbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
sar
e:
1.Thesegr
oupsar
esel
fgener
ati
ngsour
ces
2.Thesegr
oupscanbenut
ri
entf
ixer
,nut
ri
entsol
ubi
l
izerornut
ri
entmobi
l
izes.
 3.Theseor
gani
smssecr
etehor
monesorgr
owt
hpr
omot
ingsubst
ancesf
or
bet
tery
iel
d.
4.Secr
eti
onofant
ibi
oti
csbyt
heseor
gani
smsi
sut
il
izedf
ordi
seasecont
rol
.
5.Useoft
heseor
gani
smsr
educesenv
ironment
alpol
l
uti
on.
6.Thesemi
croor
gani
smsar
eecof
ri
endl
y.
Ty
pesofbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
sorCl
assi
fi
cat
ionofbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
s:
Dependi
ngupont
heact
ivi
tyofmobi
l
izi
ngdi
ff
erentnut
ri
entbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
sar
ebr
oadl
y
cl
assi
fi
edas,
1.Ni
tr
ogenFi
xer
2.Phosphat
esol
ubi
l
izerandmobi
l
ize
3.Compostaccel
erat
orsandenr
icher
s
1.Ni
tr
ogenf
ixer
:
Dependi
ngupont
hemechani
smsofni
tr
ogenf
ixat
iont
hisgr
oupi
sbr
oadl
ygr
oupedas:

i
.Sy
mbi
oti
cNi
tr
ogenf
ixer
:Ther
emi
crobesf
ixat
mospher
icni
tr
ogenwi
thsy
mbi
oti
c
associ
ati
on.
a)Rhi
zobi
um i
shostspeci
fi
candt
heyf
ixni
tr
ogenwi
thsy
mbi
oti
cassoci
ati
onwi
thhost
pl
ant
.Iti
srecommendedf
orl
egumi
nouspul
sesandoi
l
seeds.
b)Azol
l
a(Azol
l
aandAnabaenaazol
l
ae)
i
i
.Associ
ati
vesy
mbi
oti
cNi
tr
ogen
f
ixer
:a)
Azospi
ri
ll
uum

i
i
i.Non-
Symbi
oti
cNi
tr
ogenf
ixer
:
a)
Azot
obact
er
b)Bl
uegr
eenal
gae
2.Phosphat
esol
ubi
l
izerandmobi
l
ize:
Thesear
eresponsi
blef
orconv
ersi
onoff
ixedf
orm ofphosphor
ust
oav
ail
abl
efor
m.

ThePhosphat
esol
ubi
l
izi
ngbi
ofer
ti
li
zeri
ncl
udesBaci
l
lus,
Pseudomonasorf
ungi
suchasAsper
gil
l
us,
Peni
cil
l
ium
ThePhosphat
emobi
l
izi
ngbi
ofer
ti
li
zeri
ncl
udesVA-
mycor
rhi
zal
fungi
suchas
Bl
omus,
Gigaspor
aet
c.
3.Compostaccel
erat
orsandenr
icher
s:Decomposi
ti
onorcompost
ingi
sessent
ial
l
ya

mi
crobi
ologi
cal
processaccompl
i
shedbyt
hecombi
nedact
ivi
tyofbact
eri
a,f
ungi
,act
inomy
cet
es
andpr
otozoa.Compostaccel
erat
orsar
eneededt
odecomposet
hel
i
gni
nand

cel
l
uloseoft
hewast
emat
eri
als.Speci
esofTr
ichoder
ma,
Peni
cil
l
ium,
Asper
gil
l
us,
Tr
ichur
usandPaeci
l
li
omy
cesar
ethecompostaccel
erat
ors.
Det
ail
sofBi
ofer
ti
li
zer
s
1.Rhi
zobi
um:I
tist
hemostwi
del
yusedbi
ofer
ti
li
zer
.Itf
ormsnodul
esont
her
oot
sofl
egumi
nous
pl
ant
s,whi
chf
ixest
heat
mospher
icni
tr
ogeni
nthesoi
l
.Bot
hthel
egumes(
Macr
opar
tner
)and
Rhi
zobi
um (
Micr
o par
tner
)ar
emut
ual
l
ybenef
it
ed byt
hisassoci
ati
on.TheRhi
zobi
um l
egume
associ
ati
oncanf
ixupt
o100-
300kgN/
ha.i
noneseasonandi
ncer
tai
nsi
tuat
ionscanl
eav
ebehi
nd
subst
ant
ialni
tr
ogenf
ort
hef
oll
owi
ngcr
op.Ther
angeofni
tr
ogenf
ixedperhect
arepery
earbydi
ff
.
l
egumesi
s100-
150kgf
orcl
over
,80-
85kgf
orcowpea,
100-
300kgf
oral
fal
fa,
90-
100kgf
orl
ent
il
,50-
60kgf
orgr
oundnut
,60-
80kgf
orsoy
bean,
168-
200kgf
or
pi
geonpea,
100-
400kgf
orpast
urel
egumes,
50-
55kgf
orbl
ackgr
am andgr
eengr
am.

2.Azol
l
a:Asmal
lfl
oat
ingwat
erf
ern,
Azol
l
aiscommonl
yseeni
nlowl
andf
iel
dsandi
nshal
l
ow
f
resh wat
erbodi
es.Thi
sfer
n har
bour
s bl
ue-
green al
gae,Anabaena azol
l
ae.The Azol
l
a-
Anabeanaassoci
ati
oni
sal
i
vef
loat
ingni
tr
ogenf
act
oryusi
ngener
gyf
rom phot
osy
nthesi
stof
ix
at
mospher
icni
tr
ogenamount
ingt
o100-
150kgN/
ha/
yearf
rom about40-
60t
onnesofbi
omass.
Ther
eleaseofNf
rom Azol
l
aissl
owbutst
eady
.
3.Azospi
ri
ll
um:Azospi
ri
ll
um i
sanassoci
ati
vesy
mbi
oti
cbact
eri
um asi
tli
vesi
ncl
osepr
oxi
mit
yand

somet
imeswi
thi
nther
oott
issueoft
hepl
ant
sandf
ixesat
mospher
icni
tr
ogen.Thecr
opswhi
chr
esponds

t
oAzospi
ri
ll
um i
nocul
ati
onar
emai
ze,bar
ly,oat
s,sor
ghum,pearmi
l
letandf
oragecr
ops.Azospi
ri
ll
um

appl
i
cat
ionsi
ncr
easegr
ainpr
oduct
ivi
tyofcer
eal
sby5-
20%,
ofmi
l
lel
sby30%andoff
odderbyov
er50%.

Azospi
ri
ll
um excr
etesgr
owt
h-pr
omot
inghor
mone(
IAA)
,whi
chr
esul
tsi
nmor
erootbi
omass.Azospi
ri
ll
um

i
nocul
atedpl
ant
scant
oler
atedr
oughtandext
ractsoi
lmoi
stur
efr
om deeperl
ayerofsoi
l
.Itpr
omot
es

upt
akeofnut
ri
ent
s.

4.Azot
obact
or:Thebenef
ici
alef
fect
sofAzot
obact
erbi
ofer
ti
li
zeroncer
eal
s,mi
l
let
s,v
eget
abl
es,
cot
ton

andsugar
caneunderbot
hir
ri
gat
edandr
ainf
edf
iel
dcondi
ti
onshav
ebeensubst
ant
iat
edanddocument
ed.

Appl
i
cat
ionofazot
obact
erhasbeenf
oundt
oincr
easet
hey
iel
dsofwheat
,ri
ce,mai
ze,pear
lmi
l
letand

sor
ghum upt
o30%.Apar
tfr
om ni
tr
ogen,t
hisor
gani
sm i
sal
socapabl
eofpr
oduci
ngant
ibact
eri
aland

ant
if
ungal
compounds,
hor
monesandsi
der
ophor
es.

5.Bl
ue-
GreenAl
gae:Theut
il
izat
ionofbl
ue-
greenal
gaeasabi
ofer
ti
li
zerf
orr
icei
sver
ypr
omi
sing.They

ar
ephot
osy
nthet
icni
tr
ogenf
ixer
si.
e.t
heyuseener
gyder
ivedf
rom phot
osy
nthesi
stof
ixat
mospher
ic

ni
tr
ogen.Met
hodshav
ebeendev
elopedf
ormasspr
oduct
ionofal
galbi
ofer
ti
li
zerandr
icegr
ower
sin

manypar
tsoft
hewor
ldhav
eal
readyst
art
edusi
ngt
heseal
gae.Recentr
esear
cheshav
eshownt
hat

al
gaeal
sohel
ptor
educesoi
lal
kal
i
nit
yandt
hisopensuppossi
bil
i
tiesf
orbi
orecl
amat
ionofsuch

i
nhospi
tabl
eenv
ironment
s.

6.My
cor
rhi
zae:Thesy
mbi
oti
cassoci
ati
onbet
weenpl
antr
oot
sandf
ungalmy
cel
i
aist
ermedasmy
cor
rhi
zae

(
Fungalr
oot
s).My
cor
rhi
zaef
ungii
nfectandspr
eadi
nsi
det
her
ootsy
stem.Theypossessspeci
alst
ruct
ures

knownasv
esi
clesandar
buscl
es.Thear
buscl
eshel
pint
ransf
erofnut
ri
ent
sfr
om t
hef
ungust
other
oot

sy
stem andt
hev
esi
cles,whi
char
esacl
i
kest
ruct
urest
oresPasphosphol
i
pids.My
cor
rhi
zaef
ungii
ncr
ease

r
ootabsor
bingsur
faceandr
eachesout
sidet
her
oot
depl
eti
onzones.I
tdi
rect
lyt
ransl
ocat
est
henut
ri
ent
sli
kePhosphor
us,
Zn,
Cu,
K,Mnand
Mgf
rom t
hesoi
ltot
her
ootcor
tex.I
mp.cr
opsassoci
atedwi
tht
hesef
ungiar
ewheat
,
Mai
ze,Mi
l
let
s,Beans,Pot
atoes,Soy
beans,Tomat
oes,Gr
apes,Appl
es,Banana,
Sugar
cane,
Cast
or,
Tobacco,
Tea,
Cof
fee,
CocoaandRubber
.
Met
hodsofBi
ofer
ti
li
zerappl
i
cat
ion:
Bi
ofer
ti
li
zercanbeappl
i
edmai
nlybyf
oll
owi
ngt
hreemet
hods.
1.Seedt
reat
ment
:Thebi
ofer
li
zerar
emi
xedwi
thwat
erandsl
urr
yispr
epar
ed.Requi
red
amountofseedi
smi
xedpr
oper
lywi
tht
hesl
urr
yinsuchawayt
hatt
her
ewi
l
lbeat
hinand
compl
etecoat
ingofbi
ofer
ti
li
zeront
heseed.Thet
reat
edseedshoul
dbedr
iedundert
he
shadeandt
hensowni
nthef
iel
dpr
efer
abl
yinaf
ter
noon.
2.Roott
reat
ment
:Thecr
opswhi
char
egr
ownf
rom seedl
i
ng,
ther
ootoft
heseseedl
i
ngs
shoul
dbedi
ppedi
nthebi
ofer
ti
li
zersol
uti
onf
orhal
fanhourandt
hent
heseedl
i
ngwi
l
lbe
t
ranspl
ant
edi
nthemai
nfi
eld.Seedl
i
ngr
ootdi
pishi
ghl
yef
fect
ivef
orv
eget
abl
eseedl
i
ng,
sugar
canest
em cut
ti
ng,
pot
atot
ubercut
ti
ngaswel
lasf
orr
iceseedl
i
ngal
so.
3.Soi
ltr
eat
ment
:Bi
ofer
ti
li
zer@ 10kg/
hai
srequi
redf
oref
fect
iveandef
fi
cientnut
ri
ent
management
.Thebi
ofer
ti
li
zeri
sdi
str
ibut
edi
nthef
iel
duni
for
mly
.Ont
heot
herhand
r
equi
redqual
i
tyofbi
ofer
ti
li
zershoul
dbei
ncubat
edwi
thFYM f
or24hour
sandappl
i
ed
i
nthef
iel
dforev
enandef
fect
ivedi
str
ibut
ion.
Adv
ant
agesofbi
ofer
ti
li
zerappl
i
cat
ion:
1.I
tisl
owcosti
nputf
orcr
oppr
oduct
ion
2.I
tisapol
l
uti
onf
reei
nput
.
3.I
tisanener
gyconser
vingi
nputi
nagr
icul
tur
e.
4.I
tishel
pful
forqui
ckerdecomposi
ti
on.
5.I
tmai
ntai
nssoi
lheal
thwi
thoutcr
eat
inganyenv
ironment
alpol
l
uti
on.
6.Thi
sinputr
educest
heunder
groundwat
erpol
l
uti
on
7.I
tsecr
etessomehor
moneandgr
owt
hregul
atorwhi
chi
ndi
rect
lyhel
pful
for
hi
ghercr
oppr
oduct
ion.
8.Pl
antnut
ri
entr
eleasef
rom bi
ofer
ti
li
zerav
ail
abl
etot
hepl
antsl
owl
y.
9.I
tsecr
etessomeant
ibi
oti
cwhi
chr
educescr
opdi
seases.
 Chapt
er5
RESTRI
CTI
ONSTONUTRI
ENTUSEI
NORGANI
CFARMI
NG
Nut
ri
entManagement
Suf
fi
cientquant
it
iesofbi
odegr
adabl
emat
eri
alofmi
crobi
al,
plantorani
mal
ori
ginpr
oducedon

or
gani
cfar
msshal
lfor
mthebasi
soft
henut
ri
entmanagementpr
ogr
ammet
oincr
easeoratl
east

mai
ntai
nit
sfer
ti
li
tyandt
hebi
ologi
cal
act
ivi
tywi
thi
nit
.

Fer
ti
li
zat
ionmanagementshoul
dmi
nimi
zenut
ri
entl
osses.Accumul
ati
onof
heav
ymet
alsandot
herpol
l
utant
sshal
lbepr
event
ed.
Nonsy
nthet
icmi
ner
alf
ert
il
iser
sandbr
ought
-i
nbi
ofer
ti
li
ser
s(bi
ologi
cal
ori
gin)shal
lbe

r
egar
dedassuppl
ement
aryandnotasar
epl
acementf
ornut
ri
entr
ecy
cli
ng.

Desi
redpHl
evel
sshal
lbemai
ntai
nedi
nthesoi
lbyt
hepr
oducer
.
Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeshal
lsetl
i
mit
ati
onst
othet
otal
amountofbi
odegr
adabl
e
mat
eri
alofmi
crobi
al,
plantorani
mal
ori
ginbr
oughtont
othef
arm uni
t,t
aki
ngi
nto
accountl
ocal
condi
ti
onsandt
hespeci
fi
cnat
ureoft
hecr
ops.
Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeshal
lsetpr
ocedur
eswhi
chpr
eventani
mal
runs
f
rom becomi
ngov
ermanur
ingwher
ether
eisar
iskofpol
l
uti
on.
Mi
ner
alf
ert
il
izer
sshal
lonl
ybeusedi
nasuppl
ement
aryr
olet
ocar
bonbasedmat
eri
als.Onl
y

t
hoseor
gani
cormi
ner
alf
ert
il
izer
sthatar
ebr
oughti
ntot
hef
arm(
incl
udi
ngpot
ti
ngcompost
)

shal
lbeusedwhen,
theci
rcumst
ancesdemandi
naccor
dancewi
thAnnex1.

Per
missi
onf
oruseshal
lonl
ybegi
venwhenot
herf
ert
il
it
ymanagementpr
act
ices
hav
ebeenopt
imi
zed25
Manur
escont
aini
nghumanexcr
eta(
faecesandur
ine)shal
lnotper
mit
tedt
o
pr
eventt
ransmi
ssi
onofpest
s,par
asi
tesandi
nfect
iousagent
s.
Mi
ner
alf
ert
il
iser
sshal
lbeappl
i
edi
nthei
rnat
ural
composi
ti
onandshal
lnotber
ender
ed
mor
esol
ubl
ebychemi
cal
treat
ment
.Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammemaygr
antexcept
ions.
Theseexcept
ionsshal
lnoti
ncl
udemi
ner
alf
ert
il
iser
scont
aini
ngni
tr
ogen.
Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeshal
ll
aydownr
est
ri
cti
onsf
ort
heuseofi
nput
ssuchasmi
ner
al

pot
assi
um,
magnesi
um f
ert
il
iser
s,t
raceel
ement
s,manur
esandf
ert
il
iser
swi
thar
elat
ivel
yhi
gh

heav
ymet
alcont
entand/
orot
herunwant
edsubst
ances,
e.g.basi
csl
ag,
rockphosphat
eand

sewagesl
udge.Al
lsy
nthet
icni
tr
ogenousf
ert
il
iser
sar
epr
ohi
bit
ed.

Pr
oduct
sforUsei
nFer
ti
li
singandSoi
lCondi
ti
oni
ng
I
nor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
ethemai
ntenanceofsoi
lfer
ti
li
tymaybeachi
eved
t
hrought
her
ecy
cli
ngofor
gani
cmat
eri
alwhosenut
ri
ent
sar
emadeav
ail
abl
eto
cr
opst
hrought
heact
ionofsoi
lmi
croor
gani
sms.
 Manyoft
hesei
nput
sar
erest
ri
ctedf
orusei
nor
gani
cpr
oduct
ion.I
nthi
sannex
"
rest
ri
cted"meanst
hatt
hecondi
ti
onsandt
hepr
ocedur
eforuseshal
lbesubj
ect
edt
o
condi
ti
on.Fact
orssuchascont
ami
nat
ion,r
iskofnut
ri
ti
onali
mbal
ancesanddepl
eti
on
ofnat
ural
resour
cesshal
lbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.

I
nput
s Condi
ti
onf
oruse
Mat
terPr
oducedonanOr
gani
cFar
m Uni
t
Far
myar
d&poul
tr
ymanur
e,sl
urr
y,cowur
ine Per
mit
ted
Cr
opr
esi
duesandgr
eenmanur
e Per
mit
ted
St
rawandot
hermul
ches Per
mit
ted
Mat
terPr
oducedOut
sidet
heOr
gani
cFar
m Uni
t
Bl
oodmeal
,meatmeal
,bonemeal
andf
eat
hermeal
wit
hout Rest
ri
cted
pr
eser
vat
ives
Compostmadef
rom anycar
bonbasedr
esi
dues Rest
ri
cted
(
ani
mal
excr
ementi
ncl
udi
ngpoul
tr
y)
Far
myar
dmanur
e,sl
urr
y,cowur
ine(
pref
erabl
yaf
tercont
rol Rest
ri
cted
f
erment
ati
onand/
orappr
opr
iat
edi
l
uti
on)“
fact
ory
”far
ming
sour
cesnotper
mit
ted
Fi
shandf
ishpr
oduct
swi
thoutpr
eser
vat
ives Rest
ri
cted
Guano Rest
ri
cted
Humanexcr
ement Pr
ohi
bit
ed
By-
product
sfr
om t
hef
oodandt
ext
il
eindust
ri
esofbi
odegr
adabl
e Rest
ri
cted
mat
eri
alofmi
crobi
al,
plantorani
malor
igi
nwi
thoutanyy
nthet
ic
addi
ti
ves

I
nput
s Condi
ti
onf
oruse
Pr
ohi
bit
edf
orsoi
l
Peatwi
thoutsy
nthet
icaddi
ti
ves condi
ti
oni
ng
Sawdust
,woodshavi
ngs,woodpr
ovi
dedi
tcomesf
rom unt
reat
ed
Wood Per
mit
ted
Seaweedandseaweedpr
oduct
sobt
ainedbyphysi
calpr
ocesses
ext
ract
ionwi
thwat
eroraqueousaci
dand/
oral
kal
i
nesol
uti
on Rest
ri
cted
Sewagesl
udgeandur
bancompost
sfr
om separ
atedsour
ceswhi
ch
ar
emoni
tor
edf
orcont
ami
nat
ion Rest
ri
cted
St
raw Rest
ri
cted
Ver
micast
s Rest
ri
cted
Ani
mal
char
coal Rest
ri
cted
Compostandspentmushr
oom andv
ermi
cul
atesubst
ances Rest
ri
cted
Compostf
rom or
gani
chousehol
dref
erence Rest
ri
cted
Compostf
rom pl
antr
esi
dues Per
mit
ted
Bypr
oduct
sfr
om oi
lpal
m,coconutandcocoa(
incl
udi
ngempt
y
f
rui
tbunch,
pal
m oi
lmi
l
lef
fl
uent(
pome)
,cocoapeatandempt
y
cocoapods) Rest
ri
cted
Bypr
oduct
sofi
ndust
ri
espr
ocessi
ngi
ngr
edi
ent
sfr
om or
gani
c
agr
icul
tur
e Rest
ri
cted
Mi
ner
als
Basi
csl
ag Rest
ri
cted
Cal
car
eousandmagnesi
um r
ock Rest
ri
cted
Cal
cif
iedseaweed Per
mit
ted
Cal
cium chl
ori
de
Cal
cium car
bonat
eofnat
uralor
igi
n(chal
k,l
i
mest
one,
gypsum
andphosphat
echal
k)
Mi
ner
alpot
assi
um wi
thl
owchl
ori
necont
ent(
e.g.sul
phat
eof
pot
ash,
kai
nit
e,sy
lvi
nit
e,pat
enkal
i
) Rest
ri
cted
Nat
ural
phosphat
es(
e.g.Rockphosphat
es) Rest
ri
cted
Pul
ver
isedr
ock Rest
ri
cted

I
nput
s Condi
ti
onf
oruse
Sodi
um chl
ori
de Per
mit
ted
Tr
aceel
ement
s(Bor
on,Fer
rous,Manganese,Mol
ybdenum,Zi
nc) Rest
ri
cted
Woodashf
rom unt
reat
edwood Rest
ri
cted
Pot
assi
um sul
phat
e Rest
ri
cted
Magnesi
um sul
phat
e(Epsonsal
t) Per
mit
ted
Gy
psum (
Cal
cium sul
phat
e) Per
mit
ted
Si
l
ageandsi
l
ageext
ract Per
mit
tedexcl
udi
ng
Ammoni
um si
l
age
Al
umi
num cal
cium phosphat
e Rest
ri
cted
Sul
phur Rest
ri
cted
St
onemeal Rest
ri
cted
Cl
ay(
(bent
oni
te,
per
li
te,
zeol
i
te) Per
mit
ted
Mi
crobi
ologi
cal
Prepar
ati
ons
Bact
eri
alpr
epar
ati
ons(
biof
ert
il
izer
s) Per
mit
ted
Bi
ody
nami
cpr
epar
ati
ons Per
mit
ted
Pl
antpr
epar
ati
onsandbot
ani
cal
ext
ract
s Per
mit
ted
Ver
micul
ate Per
mit
ted
Peat Per
mit
ted

“
Fact
ory
”far
mingr
efer
stoi
ndust
ri
almanagementsy
stemst
hatar
eheav
il
yrel
i
ant
onv
eter
inar
yandf
eedi
nput
snotper
mit
tedi
nor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e.
 Chapt
er6
CHOI
CEOFCROPSANDVARI
ETI
ESI
NORGANI
CFARMI
NG
Choi
ceofCr
opsandVar
iet
ies
Al
lseedsandpl
antmat
eri
alshal
lbecer
ti
fi
edor
gani
c.Speci
esandv
ari
eti
escul
ti
vat
edshal
l
beadapt
edt
othesoi
landcl
i
mat
iccondi
ti
onsandber
esi
stantt
opest
sanddi
seases.I
nthe
choi
ceofv
ari
eti
es,
genet
icdi
ver
sit
yshal
lbet
akeni
ntoconsi
der
ati
on.

Whenor
gani
cseedandpl
antmat
eri
alsar
eav
ail
abl
e,t
heyshal
lbeused.
Whencer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cseedandpl
antmat
eri
alsar
enotav
ail
abl
e,chemi
cal
l
y
unt
reat
edconv
ent
ional
seedandpl
antmat
eri
alshal
lbeused.
Theuseofgenet
ical
l
yengi
neer
edseeds,
transgeni
cpl
ant
sorpl
antmat
eri
ali
s
pr
ohi
bit
ed.Fact
orsi
nfl
uenci
ngdeci
sionsont
hesel
ect
ionofcr
ops&cr
oppi
ngsy
stem:
Far
mer
sneedt
oansweral
lthebel
ow quest
ionswhi
l
emaki
ngdeci
sionsf
orchoosi
ngacr
op/

cr
oppi
ngpat
ter
n.Dur
ingt
hisdeci
sionmaki
ngpr
ocess,f
armer
scr
osscheckt
hesui
tabi
l
ityofpr
oposed

cr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stemswi
tht
hei
rexi
sti
ngr
esour
cesandot
hercondi
ti
ons.Ther
eby
,theyj
ust
if
ychoosi
ng

orr
eject
ingacr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stems.Thi
spr
ocessenabl
est
hef
armer
stounder
takeaSWOTanal
ysi
s

i
nter
nal
l
ywhi
chi
ntur
ngui
dest
hem t
otakeanappr
opr
iat
edeci
sion.

1.Cl
i
mat
icf
act
ors-I
sthecr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem sui
tabl
eforl
ocal
weat
herpar
amet
ers
suchast
emper
atur
e,r
ainf
all
,sunshi
nehour
s,r
elat
ivehumi
dit
y,wi
ndv
eloci
ty,
wind
di
rect
ion,
seasonsandagr
o-ecol
ogi
cal
sit
uat
ions?
2.Soi
lcondi
ti
ons-I
sthecr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem sui
tabl
eforl
ocal
soi
lty
pe,
pHand
soi
lfer
ti
li
ty?
3.Wat
er
Doy
ouhav
eadequat
ewat
ersour
cel
i
keat
anks,
wel
l
s,
dams,
etc.
?Doy
our
ecei
veadequat
erai
nfal
l
?
I
sthedi
str
ibut
ionofr
ainf
all
sui
tabl
etogr
owi
dent
if
ied
cr
ops?I
sthewat
erqual
i
tysui
tabl
e?
I
sel
ect
ri
cit
yav
ail
abl
eforl
i
fti
ngt
hewat
er?
Doy
ouhav
epumpset
s,mi
croi
rr
igat
ionsy
stems?
4.Cr
oppi
ngsy
stem opt
ions
Doy
ouhav
etheoppor
tuni
tyt
ogof
ori
nter
-cr
oppi
ng,
mixedcr
oppi
ng,
mul
ti
-
st
orey
edcr
oppi
ng,
rel
aycr
oppi
ng,
cropr
otat
ion,
etc.
?
Doy
ouhav
etheknowl
edgeoncr
oppi
ngsy
stemsmanagement
?
5.Pastandpr
esentexper
iencesoff
armer
s
Whatwer
eyourpr
evi
ousexper
ienceswi
thr
egar
dtot
hecr
op/
croppi
ng
sy
stemst
haty
ouar
epl
anni
ngt
ochoose?
 Whati
stheopi
nionofy
ourf
ri
ends,
rel
ati
vesandnei
ghbour
sonpr
oposed
cr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stems?
6.Expect
edpr
ofi
tandr
isk
Howmuchpr
ofi
tar
eyouexpect
ingf
rom t
hepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem?

Whet
hert
hispr
ofi
tisbet
tert
hant
heexi
sti
ngcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem?

Whatar
ether
isksy
ouar
eant
ici
pat
ingi
nthepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ng
sy
stem?Doy
ouhav
ethesol
uti
on?
Cany
oumanaget
her
isks?
I
sitwor
tht
otaket
her
isksf
orant
ici
pat
edpr
ofi
ts?
7.Economi
ccondi
ti
onsoff
armer
sincl
udi
ngl
andhol
ding
Ar
ethepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stemssui
tabl
efory
oursi
zeofl
andhol
ding?

Ar
eyourf
inanci
alr
esour
cesadequat
etomanaget
hepr
oposed
cr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem?
I
fnot
,cany
oumobi
l
izef
inanci
alr
esour
cest
hroughal
ter
nat
iver
out
es?
8.Labourav
ail
abi
l
ityandmechani
zat
ionpot
ent
ial
Cany
oumanaget
hepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem t
hroughy
ourf
ami
l
y
l
abour
?Ifnot
,doy
ouhav
eadequat
elabour
stomanaget
hesame?
I
sfami
l
y/hi
redl
abourequi
ppedt
ohandl
ethepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ng
sy
stem?Ar
ether
eanymechani
zat
ionopt
ionst
osubst
it
utet
hel
abour
?
I
smachi
ner
yav
ail
abl
e?Af
for
dabl
e?Costef
fect
ive?
I
sfami
l
y/hi
redl
abourequi
ppedt
ohandl
ethemachi
ner
y?
9.Technol
ogyav
ail
abi
l
ityandsui
tabi
l
ity
I
sthepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem sui
tabl
e?
Doy
ouhav
etechnol
ogi
esf
ort
hepr
oposedcr
op/
croppi
ngsy
stem?Do

y
ouhav
eext
ensi
onaccesst
ogett
het
echnol
ogi
es?

Ar
etechnol
ogi
eseconomi
cal
l
yfeasi
bleandt
echni
cal
l
y
v
iabl
e?Ar
etechnol
ogi
escompl
exoruser
-f
ri
endl
y?
10.Mar
ketdemandandav
ail
abi
l
ityofmar
keti
nfr
ast
ruct
ureAr
e

t
hecr
opspr
oposedi
nmar
ketdemand?

Doy
ouhav
emar
keti
nfr
ast
ruct
uret
osel
lyourpr
oduce?
Doy
ouhav
eor
gani
zedmar
ket
ingsy
stem t
oreducet
hei
nter
medi
ari
es?
Doy
ouhav
eanswer
sforquest
ionssuchaswher
etosel
l
?Whent
osel
l
?
Whom t
osel
lto?Whatf
ormt
osel
li
n?Whatpr
icet
osel
lfor
?
Doy
ougetr
eal
timemar
keti
nfor
mat
ionandmar
keti
ntel
l
igenceon
pr
oposedcr
ops?
11.
Pol
i
ciesandschemes
DoGov
ernmentpol
i
ciesf
avoury
ourcr
ops?
I
sther
eanyexi
sti
ngschemewhi
chi
ncent
ivi
sesy
our
cr
op?Ar
eyouel
i
gibl
etoav
ail
thosebenef
it
s?
12.
Publ
i
candpr
ivat
eext
ensi
oni
nfl
uence
Doy
ouhav
eaccesst
oAgr
icul
tur
alTechnol
ogyManagementAgency
(
ATMA)
/Depar
tment
alext
ensi
onf
unct
ionar
iest
ogetadv
isor
y?
Doy
ouknowKi
ssanCal
lCent
er?
Doy
ouhav
eaccesst
oKVKs,
Agr
icul
tur
alUni
ver
sit
iesandI
CAR
or
gani
zat
ions?Doy
ousubscr
ibeagr
icul
tur
almagazi
nes?
Doy
our
eadagr
icul
tur
alar
ti
clesi
nnewspaper
s?
Doy
ougetanysuppor
tfr
om i
nputdeal
ers,
Agr
ibusi
nessCompani
es,
NGOs,
Agr
icl
i
nicsandAgr
ibusi
nessCent
ers?
13.
Avai
l
abi
l
ityofr
equi
redagr
icul
tur
ali
nput
sincl
udi
ngagr
icul
tur
alcr
edi
t
Doy
ougetadequat
eagr
icul
tur
ali
nput
ssuchasseeds,
fer
ti
li
zer
s,
pest
ici
des,
andi
mpl
ement
sint
ime?
Doy
ouhav
eaccesst
oinst
it
uti
onal
credi
t?
14.Posthar
vestst
orageandpr
ocessi
ngt
echnol
ogi
esDo

y
ouhav
eyourownst
oragef
aci
l
ity
?

I
fnot
,doy
ouhav
eaccesst
osuchf
aci
l
ity
?
Doy
ouhav
eaccesst
opr
imar
ypr
ocessi
ngf
aci
l
ity
?
Doy
ouknowt
echnol
ogi
esf
orv
alueaddi
ti
onofy
ourcr
op?Do

y
ouhav
emar
ketl
i
nkagef
orv
alueaddedpr
oduct
s?

Ar
eyouawar
eaboutr
equi
redqual
i
tyst
andar
dsofv
alueaddedpr
oduct
s
ofpr
oposedcr
ops?
 Chapt
er7

Fundament
alsofi
nsect
,pest
,di
seaseandweed
managementunderor
gani
cmodeofpr
oduct
ion
I
NTEGRATEDPESTANDDI
SEASEMANAGEMENT(
IPM)
I
ntegr
atedpestmanagement(
IPM)meanst
hesui
tabl
ecombi
nat
ionofal
lpr
event
ive,
cul
tur
al,mechani
caland bi
ologi
calmet
hodsf
ormi
nimi
zi
ng i
nfest
ati
on ofpestbel
ow t
he
economi
cinj
uryl
evel
.Itf
avour
sgr
eat
eruseofal
lecof
ri
endl
ypr
act
icesl
i
kenat
uralpest
ici
des,
benef
ici
ali
nsect
s,bi
rdsandspeci
alcul
ti
vat
ionpr
act
ices.
As i
n or
gani
cfar
ming use ofsy
nthet
ic chemi
cal
s ar
e pr
ohi
bit
ed,t
he pest
managementi
sbei
ngdonebyadopt
ingf
oll
owi
ngmet
hods.
1.Useofcul
tur
almet
hods.
2.Useofmechani
cal
met
hods.
3.Useofbi
ocont
rol
agent
sandbi
opest
ici
des
4.UseofOr
gani
cal
l
yaccept
abl
echemi
cal
s
1.
Cul
tur
aloragr
onomi
cpr
act
ices:
-
a.Sani
tat
ion:
-Iti
ncl
udesr
emov
alordest
ruct
ionofdi
seasedpl
ant
sorpr
uni
ngi
nfest
ed
par
ts.
Int
roduct
ionofi
nocul
ums,pat
hogent
hroughseedorpr
opagat
ingmat
eri
al,wat
er,
pl
antdebr
is,
FYM,
compost
,impl
ement
set
c.shoul
dbepr
event
ed.
b.Ti
l
lage:
-Deeppl
oughi
ngi
nsummerki
l
lst
hepest
s,mai
nlyduet
oexposur
eordebr
is
dust
ruct
ion.Suummert
il
lagedest
roy
swheatst
reakv
irusr
eser
voi
rs.
c.Appl
i
cat
ion ofmanur
esand soi
lamendment
s:-I
ncor
por
ati
on ofv
ari
ouski
ndsofor
gani
c
amendment
stosoi
lal
sohol
dspr
omi
sei
nlong-
ter
m cont
rolofnemat
odes.Useofchoppedshoot
s,
st
raw,saw dust
,ani
malmanur
e,cakeset
c.hav
eresul
tedi
nsi
gni
fi
cantr
educt
ioni
nmemat
odes
popul
ati
on.I
nIndi
a,oi
lcakesofl
i
nseed,must
ard,peanut
,cast
orbean,mahuv
a,andneem hav
e
pr
ovedef
fect
ivef
ornemat
odecont
rol
inav
ari
etyofcr
ops.
d.Habi
tatdi
ver
sif
icat
ion:
-Consi
der
ing ofpot
ent
ialpestpr
obl
emswhi
l
echoosi
ng cr
ops/
crop
sequencewoul
dgoal
ongwayi
npestmanagement
.Fol
l
owi
ngar
esomeoft
heexampl
es.

i
.Cr
opr
otat
ion:
-Rot
ati
onofpesthostandnon-
hostcr
opshel
psi
ncont
rolofsoi
lbor
ne
pest
s,di
seaseandf
eedi
ngi
nsect
s.Rot
ati
onofr
icewi
thcor
norpeanutr
educet
he
i
nci
denceofr
icedi
seasesl
i
kel
eafbl
ast
,bact
eri
all
eafbl
i
ghtandi
nsectpest
sli
ker
ice
st
em bor
er,
brownpl
anthopper
.
i
i
.Tr
apcr
op:
-Tr
apcr
opsar
ethosecr
ops,gr
ownbet
weent
hemai
ncr
opt
oat
tractt
hehar
mfuli
nsect

andt
hei
nsectat
tacki
ngt
rapcr
opcanbeki
l
ledbyv
ari
ousmet
hod.For
.e.
g.cot
tonbal
lwor
m(Hel
i
othi
s),

i
sai
nsectpestofcot
tonl
aysdowni
tseggsonmai
zecr
op,
ther
efor
ewhena
f
ewr
owsofmai
zear
esowni
nthecot
tonf
iel
d,t
heeggsar
elai
donmai
ze,
whi
chcanbe
dest
roy
ed.Tr
apcr
opscanal
sobeusedf
ort
rappi
ngv
ari
ousnemat
odes.
i
i
i.I
nter
croppi
ng:
-Loweri
nci
denceofi
nsectpest
swer
efoundonl
egumesi
nter
croppedwi
th
mai
ze.I
nter
cropsofcl
over
,spi
nach,beansandt
omat
oreducedt
hei
nci
denceofBr
evi
cor
yne
br
assi
caeandPl
utel
axy
lost
ell
aincabbagesubst
ant
ial
l
y.
i
v.St
ri
pcr
oppi
ng:
-Int
erv
eni
ngst
ri
pofnon-
sui
tabl
ecr
oppr
eventmov
ementofi
nsectpestf
rom
onest
ri
pofacr
opt
oanot
her
.Al
soadj
acentst
ri
psshar
eunspeci
ali
zednat
uralenemi
eswhi
ch
woul
dmov
ewheni
nsectpest
sbui
l
dupont
henei
ghbour
ingst
ri
ps.
v
.UseofResi
stantVar
iet
iesandagr
onomi
cmani
pul
ati
ons:
-Useofr
esi
stantv
ari
eti
es
wi
thappr
opr
iat
emani
pul
ati
onofsowi
ng,pl
ant
ingandhar
vest
ingdat
escanhel
pin
escapi
ngt
hepestanddi
seasei
nci
dence.
e.Wat
ermanagement:
-Thescabofpot
atoi
ssuppr
essedbyi
rr
igat
ingpot
atoatt
het
imeof
t
uberf
ormat
ion.Wetweat
herdi
seasesuchashal
o-bl
i
ghtandant
hracnoseofbeans,
ear
lybl
i
ght
andchar
coalr
otofpot
atoescanbecheckedbyf
urr
owr
athert
hatspr
inkl
eri
rr
igat
ion.Ov
erhead
spr
inkl
eri
rr
igat
ioni
npot
atoef
fect
ivel
ycont
rol
l
edpot
atomot
h.
2.Mechani
cal
cont
rol
:-Ther
ear
esev
eral
phy
sical
andmechani
cal
cont
rol
measur
est
hosecanbe
usedf
ort
heef
fect
ivemanagementofi
nsectpest
s.Someoft
heway
sar
easf
oll
ows.

i
.Remov
alofaf
fect
edpl
ant
sorpl
antpar
ts:
-Thev
irusaf
fect
eddi
seasedpl
ant
sshoul
dbe
r
emov
edf
rom t
hef
iel
dtopr
event
sthet
ransmi
ssi
onofdi
seaset
oot
herpl
ant
s.
i
i
.Col
l
ect
ion&dest
ruct
ionofeggmassesandl
arv
ae:
-Col
l
ectt
heeggmassesand
l
arv
aef
rom t
hef
iel
danddest
royt
hem t
omi
nimi
zet
hepestl
oad.
i
i
i.I
nst
all
ati
onofBi
rdper
ches:
-Inst
all
dri
edt
wigsi
nthef
iel
dabov
ethecr
ophei
ghtt
opr
ovi
de
shel
tert
othebi
rds.Dur
ingr
est
,bi
rdspr
edat
elar
vaeormot
hav
ail
abl
eont
hecr
op.

i
v.Useofl
i
ghtt
raps:
-Ker
osenel
ampt
rapsorl
i
ghtt
rapsar
emostwi
del
yused.Ul
tr
avi
olet
l
ampsar
emuchmor
eef
fect
ivet
hanor
dinar
yel
ect
ri
cbul
bs.Thesel
i
ghtt
rapsar
eused
i
mmedi
atel
yaf
tert
heemer
genceofmot
hs,
bef
oret
heyl
ayt
heeggs.
v
.Pher
omones :
-Pher
omone ar
e exocr
ine secr
eti
ons ofi
nsect
s whi
ch ar
e used f
or
communi
cat
ionamongdi
ff
erenti
ndi
vi
dual
soft
hespeci
es.I
nsect
sar
eknownt
opr
oduce
f
oll
owi
ngt
ypesofpher
omoneswhi
chel
i
citdi
ff
erentr
eact
ionsi
nthei
nsect
s.
a.Sexpher
omone:
-Itbr
ingst
oget
heropposi
tesexesf
ormat
ing.
b.Aggr
egat
ionpher
omone:
-Itat
tract
sbot
hsexesgener
all
yforf
eedi
ngonaf
ood
sour
ceorf
ormat
ing.
c.Al
arm pher
omone:
-Thi
spher
omoneal
ertot
heri
ndi
vi
dual
stosomesour
ceofdanger
.
d.Tr
ail
pher
omone:
-Itmar
kat
rai
ll
aidbypi
oneer
ingi
ndi
vi
dual
stowar
dsasour
ceof
f
ood.Ot
heri
ndi
vi
dual
sfol
l
owi
ttor
eacht
hesour
ce.
e.Soci
alpher
omone:
-Itgov
erni
nter
act
ionamongor
gani
zedsoci
eti
es.
 Thesexandaggr
egat
ionpher
omonehav
egr
eatpot
ent
iali
nmanagementof
i
nsectpest
sofdi
ff
.cr
ops.
Sy
nthet
ic sex pher
omones ar
e commer
cial
l
y av
ail
abl
e and ar
e used f
or
sur
vei
l
lance,moni
tor
ingandcont
rolofmanypest
ssuchYel
l
ow st
em bor
erofr
ice,
gr
am cat
erpi
l
lar
,Pi
nkbol
lwor
m,t
obaccocat
erpi
l
lar
,Ar
mywor
m et
c.
v
i.Useofst
icky
,col
our
edpl
atesandot
herphy
sicalt
raps:
-Di
ff
erentspeci
esofi
nsect
ar
eat
tract
edbydi
ff
.col
our
.Ther
esul
tsi
ndi
cat
edt
haty
ell
owpl
ast
icpl
atescoat
edwi
th
i
nsect
ici
dewer
eef
fect
ivei
ncont
rol
l
ingl
eafmi
ner
.
3.Useofbi
ocont
rolagent
sandbi
opest
ici
des(
Biol
ogi
calcont
rol
):-Bi
ologi
calcont
roli
soneof
t
hei
mp.wayt
omanaget
hepest&di
seasei
ntheor
gani
cfar
ming.Ther
ear
esev
erali
nsect
s
andbi
ocont
rolagent
swhi
chdonotdest
royt
hecr
opbutr
atherdest
royt
hei
nsectpest
s.
Conser
vat
ionoft
hesenat
ural
l
yoccur
ri
ngf
armer
’sf
ri
endsormul
ti
ply
ingt
hem i
nthel
abor
ator
y
andr
eleasei
nthef
iel
dsi
scal
l
edbi
ologi
cal
cont
rol
.
A.Bi
o-cont
rol
agent
s:-I
mp.nat
ural
l
yoccur
ri
ngbi
o-cont
rol
agent
sar
easf
oll
ows.
i
. Pr
edat
ors:
-Pr
edat
orsar
ebi
o-cont
rol
agent
sthosehunt
/eatt
hei
nsectpest
s.The
i
mp.pr
edat
orsar
easunder
;
a.Spi
der
s:-Spi
derar
esi
gni
fi
cantpr
edat
or.Theyf
eedoneggs,
lar
vae,
nymphs&adul
ts
oft
hepestorneut
rali
nsect
s.Wol
fspi
der
,Dwar
fspi
der
,Jumpi
ngspi
derandLy
nx
spi
der
sar
ecommonl
yav
ail
abl
einnat
ure
b.Benef
ici
ali
nsect
s:-Pl
aysani
mpor
tantr
olei
nmi
nimi
zi
ngt
hepestpopul
ati
on.
Commonl
yav
ail
abl
ebenef
ici
ali
nsect
sinnat
urear
easf
oll
ows

Ladybi
rdbeet
le:
-Feedonsmal
lpl
anthopper
,smal
ll
arv
aeandexposedeggs.
Gr
oundbeet
le:
-Theyar
evor
aci
ousandconsume3-
5lar
vaeperday
.
Cr
icket:
-Theyf
eedoneggsandny
mphsofpl
anthopperandl
eafhopper
.
Assassi
nbug:
-Theyf
eedonl
arv
ae,
mot
handbut
ter
fl
y
Mi
ri
dbug:
-Theyf
eedoneggsandny
mphsofpl
anthopperandl
eafhopper
Ant:
-Theyf
eedonwi
der
angeofpest
s
Ear
wing:
-Ent
ersbor
ert
unnel
sinsear
chofl
arv
ae.
i
i
)Par
asi
toi
des:
-Par
asi
toi
desar
efr
iendl
yspeci
eswhi
chcompl
etet
hei
rli
fecy
cleondi
ff
erent
st
agesofi
nsectpest
s.Ther
ear
esev
eral
typesofpar
asi
toi
desi
ncl
udi
ngeggpar
asi
toi
des,
Lar
val
par
asi
toi
des,
Pupal
par
asi
toi
des,
adul
t’
spar
asi
toi
des,
egg-
lar
val
par
asi
toi
des,
lar
nal
-pupal
par
asi
toi
deset
c.Someoft
hepar
asi
toi
dsspeci
esar
easbel
ow

Tr
ichogr
ammasp.
,Br
aconSp.
,Apnt
alessp.Chel
onussp.
,Br
achy
mer
iasp.et
c.
i
i
i)Mi
crobes:
-Thesear
emi
croscopi
cor
gani
smswhi
chcausev
ari
ousdi
seasesi
nthei
nsect
pest
sandpest
sar
eki
l
led.Themaj
orgr
oupsar
efungi
,bact
eri
aandv
iruses.
i
.Fungi
asbi
o-cont
rol
agent
s:-e.
g.Beuv
ari
asp,
Tri
choder
masp.
,Hi
rsut
ell
asp.
,et
c
i
i
.Vi
rusasbi
o-cont
rol
agent
s:-e.
g.Nucl
earPol
yhy
drosi
sVi
rus(
NPV)
,Gr
anul
osi
sVi
rus(
GV)

i
i
i.Bact
eri
alasbi
o-cont
rol
agent
s:-Pseudomonassp.
,Baci
l
lust
hur
ingi
ensi
set
c.

1.Theyi
ncr
easet
hepr
oduct
ivi
tyagr
icul
tur
alpr
oduce
2.Var
iousbenef
ici
alor
gani
smsar
econser
ved.
3.Theyar
eeco-
fr
iendl
y
4.Theyar
esaf
ebot
hforhumanandenv
ironment
5.Theyhav
emor
eexpor
tav
enues.
B)Bi
o-pest
ici
de:
-Bi
opest
ici
decanbedef
ined,ast
hesear
ecer
tai
nty
peofpest
ici
desder
ived
f
rom nat
uralmat
eri
alsasani
mal
s,pl
ant
sbact
eri
aandcer
tai
nmi
ner
als,whi
char
eknownf
or
t
hei
rqual
i
tiesofbi
o-r
ati
onal
i
ty,bi
o-det
eri
orat
ionandsaf
etoenv
ironment
.Fore,
g.Canol
aoi
l
andbaki
ngsodahav
epest
ici
dalappl
i
cat
ionandconsi
der
edasbi
o-pest
ici
des.Bi
o-pest
ici
des
can be cl
assi
fi
ed undert
he f
oll
owi
ng mai
n cat
egor
ies namel
y,Mi
cro or
gani
sms,Macr
o
or
gani
sms,
Nat
ural
product
sSemi
ochemi
cal
s,andGenes.
Someexampl
esofBi
o-pest
ici
des:
-
i
. Mi
croor
gani
sms:
-Baci
l
lust
hur
ingi
ensi
sst
rai
ns,
Pseudomonasf
luor
escens,
Tr
ichoder
mahar
zianum andTr
ichoder
mav
iri
de.
i
i
. Macr
oor
gani
sms:
-Adal
i
abi
punct
ata(
Lady
bugbeet
le)andTr
ichogr
ammabr
assi
cae.
i
i
i.Nat
uralpr
oduct
s:-Abamect
in,Azadi
racht
in(
Neem)
,Gi
bber
li
caci
dandspi
nosad.Di
ff
erent
par
tsoft
heneem t
reecanaf
fectmor
emor
e200i
nsectspeci
esandsomememat
odes,
f
ungi
,bact
eri
aandv
iruses.Neem cont
ainssev
eralact
ivechemi
cal
,whi
chwor
kindi
ff
.
way
s,asar
esul
titi
sver
ydi
ff
icul
tforanyi
nsectt
odev
elopr
esi
stancet
oneem.The
mostwel
lknownchemi
cali
nneem i
sazadi
racht
in.Ni
neneem l
i
monoi
dshav
ebeen
f
oundef
fect
ivet
obl
ocki
nsectgr
owt
h.Amongt
heseazadi
racht
in,sal
anni
n,mel
i
ant
ri
ol,
andni
mbi
nar
emostsi
gni
fi
cant
.Neem i
sef
fect
iveagai
nstgr
asshopper
,leafhopper
,
Leafmi
nor
.Neem i
sfai
rl
ygoodi
nmanagi
ngbeet
le,aphi
ds,whi
tef
li
es.Neem shows
consi
der
abl
epot
ent
ialf
orcont
rol
l
ingpest
sofst
oredpr
oduct
s.I
nthet
radi
ti
onalpr
act
ice,
neem l
eav
esar
emi
xedwi
thgr
ainkepti
nst
oragef
or3-
6mont
hs.

i
v.Semi
ochemi
cal
:-Sexpher
omones
v
.Genes:
-Baci
l
lust
hur
ingi
ensi
sgenesandCl
assI
IEPSPsy
nthasegenes.

1.Bi
opest
ici
desar
elesst
oxi
cthanconv
ent
ional
pest
ici
des
2.I
tav
oidsenv
ironment
alpol
l
uti
on.
3.Bi
opest
ici
desgener
all
yaf
fectonl
ythet
argetpestandcl
osel
yrel
atedor
gani
sms.
 4.I
thel
psi
necol
ogi
cal
managementofsoi
l
5. WhenusedasacomponentofI
ntegr
atedPestmanagementpr
ogr
amme,
biopest
ici
descan

gr
eat
lydecr
easet
heuseofconv
ent
ional
pest
ici
des,
whi
l
ethecr
opy
iel
dremai
nhi
gh.

Bi
opest
ici
desandI
PM pr
oduct
sformanagementofv
ari
ouspestanddi
seases
Pest
/Di
sease Bi
o-cont
rolagent
Bol
lwor
ms,
cutwor
ms,
bor
ers BT,Tr
ichogr
amma,NPV,GV,Chr
ysoper
la,Tr
apandl
ures
Whi
tef
ly,
Aphi
des,
Jassi
dsand Neem 1500ppm andabove,Chr
ysoper
la, Ver
ti
cil
l
ium,
Thr
ips Beuvar
ia,
sti
ckyt
raps,
Mi
tes Neem 1500ppm andabove,Chr
ysoper
la, Ver
ti
cil
l
ium,
Beuv
ari
a,
Wi
l
ts,Rootr
ot,l
eaf spot
, Tr
ichoder
ma
ant
hracnose,
mil
dews
Bact
eri
alwi
l
tsandbl
i
ght
s Pseudomonas
Nemat
odes Tr
ichoder
ma

I
NTEGRATEDWEEDMANAGEMENT:

I
tist
hesui
tabl
ecombi
nat
ion ofpr
event
ivemeasur
es,mechani
cal
,cul
tur
al,bi
ologi
caland
chemi
calmet
hodofweedcont
rolf
ormi
nimi
zi
ngweedgr
owt
handpopul
ati
onandmai
ntai
nthem
bel
owl
evel
ofeconomi
cinj
uryt
othecr
opwi
thmi
nimum damaget
otheenv
ironment
.

Consi
der
ingt
her
equi
rementofor
gani
cfar
mingsy
stem andpopul
ati
ondy
nami
csoft
he
weedspeci
esf
oll
owi
ngmet
hodsar
eadopt
edf
oref
fect
iveweedmanagement
.
1.
Prev
ent
ivemet
hod
2.
Mechani
cal
met
hod
3.
Croppi
ngandcompet
it
ionmet
hod
4.
Biol
ogi
cal
met
hod
1.Pr
event
ivemet
hod:
-

1.Usecl
eanseed(
i.
e.f
reef
rom weedseeds)
2.Usewel
ldecomposedcowdungorcompost
.
3.Cutweedsbef
oreseedi
ng.
4.Remov
eweedgr
owt
h.
5.Far
mimpl
ement
sandmachi
ner
y’sshoul
dbepr
oper
lycl
eanedbef
oreusi
ng.
6.Donotusesoi
l
/sandofweed-
inf
est
edar
ea.
7.Nur
ser
yst
ockshoul
dbef
reef
rom weeds.
 2.Mechani
cal
met
hod:
-Iti
ncl
udei
)Pl
oughi
ng,
ii
)Har
rowi
ng,
ii
i)Handpul
l
ing,
iv)Handweedi
ngv
)

Hoei
ngv
i)Bur
ningv
ii
)Fl
oodi
ngv
ii
i)Mul
chi
ngbynon-
li
vi
ngmat
eri
als.Howev
er,
thesel
ect
ionofasui
tabl
e

met
hoddependsuponl
ocat
ion,
ext
entandhabi
tatofweed.

Handpul
l
ingorhoei
ngi
sfoundt
obemor
eef
fect
iveonl
ywhent
heweedi
nfest
edar
eai
s
v
erysmal
l
.Nutgr
assmaybecont
rol
l
edbyr
epeat
edweedi
ngandhoei
ng.Annualandbi
enni
al
weedscoul
dbeer
adi
cat
edbycut
ti
ng,hoei
ngort
il
lageoper
ati
onsbef
oref
lower
ingoft
he
weeds.Xer
ophy
ticweedsl
i
keAl
hageaspp.
,Pl
ucheaspp.andper
enni
alweedsl
i
keCy
per
usspp.
andCy
nodanspp.coul
dbeni
cel
ycont
rol
l
edbyf
loodi
ngandexposi
ngt
hroughdeeppl
oughi
ng
andt
henf
loodi
ngf
or4-
6weeksper
iod.Weedsi
nor
char
dsandsugar
canef
iel
dscoul
dbe
cont
rol
l
edbybur
ningt
hem.At
hickmul
chofhay
,sawdust
,st
raw,paperandpl
ast
icf
il
mscan
cont
rol
maj
ori
tyofweeds
3.
Croppi
ngandcompet
it
ionmet
hod:
-

i
)Pr
opercr
opr
otat
ion
i
i
)Useofcr
opswhi
chsmot
herweedst
hrought
hei
rgr
owt
hcompet
it
ion
i
i
i)Appl
i
cat
ionoff
ert
il
izer
stoencour
agequi
ckgr
owt
hofcr
opsascompar
edt
oweeds

Goodcr
opr
otat
ioni
sanef
fi
cientmeansofr
educi
ngweedpopul
ati
on.I
ntr
oduct
ion
ofaRabicr
oport
hickgr
owi
ngcr
oporf
all
ow,hel
psi
ncont
rol
l
ingt
heweedsef
fect
ivel
y.
Gr
owi
ngofcr
opsl
i
kesunhempwhi
chhav
eav
eryv
igor
ousandl
eaf
ygr
owt
hhel
psi
n
smot
her
ingweeds.Theyshadeoutt
heweedsandcompet
ewi
tht
hem f
orl
i
ght
,wat
erand
nut
ri
ent
sther
ebyr
educi
ngt
heweedpopul
ati
on.
4.Bi
ologi
calweedcont
rol:
-Int
hismet
hod,anat
uralenemyofweedpl
ant
sis
usedwhi
chat
tackt
hem andr
educet
hei
rnumberbel
ow aneconomi
call
evel
.Thi
s
met
hodhasadv
ant
ageov
erchemi
calmet
hod,asi
tisper
manent
,cheapandef
fect
ive
butt
hisi
sasl
owpr
ocessandsui
tst
oonl
yspeci
fi
cweedsspeci
es.
Bi
oagent
sli
kei
nsect
s,Pat
hogenet
c.,
andot
herani
mal
sar
eusedt
ocont
rol
weeds.
I
nsect
sandpat
hogeni
nfestweedsandt
heyei
therr
educegr
owt
horki
l
lweeds.
Forexampl
es;
1.
Insect
s:-
i
.Lant
anacamer
awascont
rol
l
edbyt
wobeet
lesv
iz.
,Oct
otoma
scabr
ipenni
sandUr
opl
atagi
ral
di
i
i
.Pr
ickl
ypearweed(
Opent
iaspp)wascont
rol
l
edbyCochi
neal
insect
s
(
Dact
ylopi
ust
oment
osus)
i
i
i.Al
l
igat
orweedcont
rol
l
edbyf
leabeet
le
2.
Fish:
-Commoncar
pandChi
nesecar
pcont
rol
aquat
icweed.
3.
Mannal
s:-Manet
eeorsea-
cowi
sver
yeef
ect
ivei
ncont
rol
l
ingwat
erhy
aci
nth.
4.Snai
l
s:-Mar
isasp.andot
herf
reshwat
ersnai
l
sfeedonsubmer
gedweedsl
i
ke
coont
ail
andal
gae
5.
Fungi
:-Wat
erhy
aci
nthcanbecont
rol
l
edbyRhi
zoct
ini
abl
i
ght
6.
Mit
es:
-Aspi
dermi
tei
sfoundef
fect
ivei
ncont
rol
l
ingpr
ickl
ypear
.
7.Pl
ant
s:-Cowpeasowni
nbet
weensor
ghum r
owsef
fect
ivel
yreducest
hegr
owt
hofweeds.
 Chapt
er8
OPERATI
ONALSTRUCTUREOFNPOP
TheNat
ional
Progr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
her
einaf
terr
efer
redt
oas
‘
NPOP’
)pr
oposest
opr
ovi
deani
nst
it
uti
onal
mechani
sm f
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onof
Nat
ional
Standar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
NSOP)
.
Theai
msoft
heNPOP,
incl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
Topr
ovi
det
hemeansofev
aluat
ionofcer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammef
or
or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
eandpr
oduct
s(i
ncl
udi
ngwi
l
dhar
vest
,aquacul
tur
e,l
i
ve
st
ockpr
oduct
s)aspert
heappr
ovedcr
it
eri
a.
Toaccr
edi
tcer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammesofCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
seeki
ngaccr
edi
tat
ionundert
hispr
ogr
amme.
Tof
aci
l
itat
ecer
ti
fi
cat
ionofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sinconf
ormi
tywi
tht
heNSOP.
Tof
aci
l
itat
ecer
ti
fi
cat
ionofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sinconf
ormi
tywi
tht
hei
mpor
ti
ng
count
ri
esor
gani
cst
andar
dsasperequi
val
enceagr
eementbet
weent
het
wo
count
ri
esorasperi
mpor
ti
ngcount
ryr
equi
rement
s.
Toencour
aget
hedev
elopmentofor
gani
cfar
mingandor
gani
cpr
ocessi
ng.
SCOPE
TheNPOPi
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
Pol
i
ciesf
ordev
elopmentandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sas
not
if
iedbyt
heDepar
tmentofCommer
cef
rom t
imet
oti
me
Nat
ional
standar
dsf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
sandpr
ocesses.
Accr
edi
tat
ionofcer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammest
obeoper
atedbyCer
ti
fi
cat
ion
Bodi
es.Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionofor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
OPERATI
ONALSTRUCTURE
Theoper
ati
onal
str
uct
ureoft
heNPOPi
sasbel
ow:
Depar
tmentofCommer
ce
{
Nat
ional
Standar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
NSOP)
}

Nat
ional
Steer
ingCommi
tt
ee(
NSC)
)
{
(Member
sappoi
ntedbyt
heDoC)
}

Techni
cal
Commi
tt
ees(
TC)
{
(forr
evi
ewofNSOP,
accr
edi
tat
ioncr
it
eri
a,pr
ocedur
esf
ori
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ion
agenci
es)
}
COMPI
LEDBYSHI
VAJIRAVSAHEBSURYAVANSHI
 APEDA

Nat
ional
Accr
edi
tat
ionBoar
d(NAB)

Ev
aluat
ionCommi
tt
ee(
EC)

Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es

Pr
oducer
s

Expor
ter
s

Pr
ocessor
s

ORGANI
ZATI
ONALSETUP
Det
ail
soft
heor
gani
zat
ional
set
-upoft
heNPOPar
egi
venbel
ow:
(
a)Depar
tmentofCommer
ce(
DOC)
TheNat
ional
Progr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ionshal
lbeoper
atedundert
heov
eral
l
gui
danceanddi
rect
ionsoft
heDepar
tmentofCommer
ce,
Gov
ernmentofI
ndi
a.The
Depar
tmentofCommer
ceshal
lactast
heApexbodyoft
heNPOP.
(
b)Nat
ional
Steer
ingCommi
tt
ee(
NSC)
TheDepar
tmentofCommer
ceshal
lconst
it
uteanapexpol
i
cyf
ormul
ati
oncommi
tt
eecal
l
edt
he
Nat
ionalSt
eer
ingCommi
tt
eet
obeheadedbyCommer
ceSecr
etar
y.TheCommer
ceSecr
etar
ymay
nomi
nat
e anyot
herof
fi
cert
o chai
rthe NSC meet
ing.The NSC shal
lbe r
esponsi
blef
ort
he
i
mpl
ement
ati
on and admi
nist
rat
ion oft
he NPOP.The NSC shal
lbe ser
viced byAPEDA.The
member
soft
heNSCshal
lbedr
awnf
rom t
heDepar
tmentofCommer
ce,Mi
nist
ryofAgr
icul
tur
e,
Mi
nist
ryofText
il
es,Depar
tmentofAni
malHusbandr
y,Dai
ryi
ng & Fi
sher
ies,Mi
nist
ryofFood
Pr
ocessi
ngI
ndust
ri
es,Mi
nist
ryofSci
ence&Technol
ogy
,Mi
nist
ryofRur
alDev
elopment
,Mi
nist
ryof
Env
ironment&For
est
,APEDA,
Mar
inePr
oduct
sExpor
tDev
elopmentAut
hor
it
y(MPEDA)
,Commodi
ty
Boar
ds(
suchast
heTeaBoar
d,Spi
cesBoar
d,Cof
feeBoar
d,FoodSaf
etyandSt
andar
dsAut
hor
it
y
(
FSSAI
)andot
hergov
ernmentandpr
ivat
eor
gani
zat
ionshav
ingexper
iencei
nor
gani
cfar
mingand
pr
oduct
ion.Themember
sofMi
nist
ri
esshal
lbet
heEx-
off
ici
omember
soft
heNSC.

Ther
esponsi
bil
i
tiesoft
heNSCshal
li
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
(
i)Appr
ovi
ngpr
ocedur
esf
ori
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heNPOP,
whi
chwoul
dincl
udet
he
NSOP,
Accr
edi
tat
ionpol
i
cyandpr
ocedur
esaswel
last
her
egul
ati
onsf
oruseoft
he
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k“I
ndi
aOr
gani
cLogo”
.
(
ii
)Del
egat
ingr
esponsi
bil
i
tyofi
mpl
ement
ingt
heNPOP.
(
ii
i)Const
it
uti
ngt
heNat
ional
Accr
edi
tat
ionBody(
NAB)
.
(
iv)Const
it
uti
ngTechni
cal
Commi
tt
ee(
s)andsuchot
hercommi
tt
eesasdeemed
appr
opr
iat
efort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heNPOP.
(
v)Takedeci
sionsont
hepr
oposal
spl
acedbyv
ari
ouscommi
tt
eessetupbyNSC.
TheNSCshal
lmeetatl
eastonceay
eart
orev
iewt
hef
unct
ioni
ngoft
heNPOPandt
ake
deci
sionsonv
ari
ouspol
i
cymat
ter
sconcer
ningt
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onandf
unct
ioni
ngoft
he
NPOP.Thequor
um f
orsuchameet
ingshal
lbe30%oft
het
otal
str
engt
h.
TheNSCshal
lal
soappoi
ntsuchsub-
commi
tt
ees,asi
tdeemsf
it
,fort
hesmoot
hand
ef
fi
cientf
unct
ioni
ngandi
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heNPOP.
TheNSCshal
lrev
iewandamendt
heNPOPf
rom t
ime-
to-
ti
me.

TheNAB shal
lbeser
viced byAPEDA.TheNAB shal
lconsi
stofmember
s
r
epr
esent
ingDepar
tmentofCommer
ce,Mi
nist
ryofAgr
icul
tur
e,FSSAI
,MPEDA and
v
ari
ousCommodi
tyBoar
ds(
suchast
heTeaBoar
d,Spi
cesBoar
d,Cof
feeBoar
d).The
Addi
ti
onal
Secr
etar
y(Pl
ant
ati
ons)shal
lbet
heChai
rmanoft
heNAB.
TheNABshal
lmeetasandwhenr
equi
redf
orr
evi
ewoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es.
Ther
esponsi
bil
i
tiesoft
heNABshal
li
ncl
ude:
(
i)Dr
awi
nguppr
ocedur
esf
ort
heev
aluat
ionandaccr
edi
tat
ionoft
hecer
ti
fi
cat
ion
pr
ogr
ammesoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
(
ii
)For
mul
ati
ngpr
ocedur
esf
orev
aluat
ionoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
(
ii
i)Accr
edi
tat
ionoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
(
iv)Const
it
uti
nganEv
aluat
ionCommi
tt
ee
(
v)Anyot
herr
esponsi
bil
i
tiesassi
gnedbyNSCf
rom t
imet
oti
me

Thequor
um f
orNABmeet
ingshal
lbe30%oft
het
otal
str
engt
h.
(
d)Agr
icul
tur
alandPr
ocessedFoodPr
oduct
sExpor
tDev
elopmentAut
hor
it
y(APEDA)
APEDAshal
lfunct
ionast
heSecr
etar
iatf
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heNPOP.The
r
esponsi
bil
i
tiesofAPEDA,
asaSecr
etar
iat
,shal
li
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
(
i)Takest
epsf
ort
hei
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
hedeci
sionsoft
heNSC,
NABandt
he
Commi
tt
eesconst
it
utedundert
heNPOP.
(
ii
)Or
gani
zeandconv
eneal
lthemeet
ingsunderNPOP
(
ii
i)Conv
enet
hev
ari
ouscommi
tt
eesconst
it
utedundert
heNPOP.
(
iv)Ev
aluat
ionoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
(
v)I
nvest
igat
ionofcompl
aint
srecei
vedf
rom t
hei
mpor
ti
ngcount
ri
es
(
vi)I
nit
iat
eanyot
hermul
ti
lat
eral
issuesper
tai
ningt
oequi
val
enceet
c.t
hatwoul
d
pr
omot
etheexpor
tofor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
(
vii
)Recei
veandscr
eenappl
i
cat
ionsf
rom t
heappl
i
cantbodi
esandcoor
dinat
eand
ar
ranget
hei
rev
aluat
ions
(
vii
i
)Shal
li
ssuenecessar
yimpl
ement
ati
ongui
del
i
nest
otheaccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ion
Bodi
esf
ori
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionf
rom t
imet
oti
me
(
ix)Anyot
herf
unct
ionsassi
gnedbyt
heNSC/
NABf
rom t
imet
oti
me

APEDAshal
lmeett
her
equi
rement
sofI
SO17011f
oraccr
edi
tat
ionofCer
ti
fi
cat
ion
Bodi
esundert
heNPOP.
(
e)Techni
cal
Commi
tt
ee
TheNSCshal
lconst
it
utev
ari
ousTechni
cal
Commi
tt
ee(
s)compr
isi
ngofexper
tsdr
awnf
rom

r
elev
antf
iel
d/or
gani
zat
ionst
ofor
mul
atev
ari
oust
echni
cal
standar
ds,
suggest
samendment
s

/changesi
ntheexi
sti
ngst
andar
ds,
rev
iewt
hest
andar
dsf
rom t
imet
oti
meandt
o
adv
iset
heNSConr
elev
anti
ssuesper
tai
ningt
oor
gani
csect
or.
(
f)Ev
aluat
ionCommi
tt
ee(
EC)
TheNABshal
lconst
it
uteanEv
aluat
ionCommi
tt
eet
oev
aluat
ethei
mpl
ement
ati
onof
cer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es.TheNABshal
ldr
aw apanelofexper
ts
qual
i
fiedi
nthef
iel
dofagr
icul
tur
alsci
encesoranyr
elat
edf
iel
doff
oodi
ndust
ry.Theseexper
ts
shal
lbedr
awnf
rom or
gani
zat
ionst
hatar
enoti
nvol
vedi
nthecer
ti
fi
cat
ionact
ivi
ti
esandshal
l
si
gnacont
ractofconf
ident
ial
i
tywi
thAPEDA.Theexper
tsshal
lhav
erequi
redt
rai
ningi
naudi
t
pr
ocedur
es.TheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lnotbeev
aluat
edbyt
hesamecommi
tt
eef
ormor
ethan
t
woconsecut
ivey
ear
s.
AnEv
aluat
ionCommi
tt
eeshal
lbedr
awnf
rom t
hispanelofexper
tsandshal
lcompr
iseof
mi
nimum oft
hree exper
ts.Two exper
ts shal
lconst
it
utet
he quor
um.Such Ev
aluat
ion
Commi
tt
eewi
l
lev
aluat
etheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyatl
eastoncei
nay
earandshal
lsubmi
tthe
f
oll
owi
ngdocument
stoAPEDAaf
tercompl
eti
onoft
heev
aluat
ion:
(
i)Conf
ormi
ty/
non-
compl
i
ance
r
epor
t(i
i
)Obser
vat
ions
(
ii
i)Recommendat
ions(
iv)

Suppor
ti
ngdocument
s

APEDAshal
lrev
iewt
her
epor
t(s)oft
heEv
aluat
ionCommi
tt
eeandsubmi
tit
sassessmentr
epor
t

andpr
esenti
t,al
ongwi
thi
tsr
ecommendat
ions,
tot
heNABf
oraccr
edi
tat
ion
deci
sion.
Anydev
iat
ionf
rom t
her
epor
toft
heEv
aluat
ionCommi
tt
eeshal
lber
ecor
dedi
n
wr
it
ingbyAPEDA.
(
g)Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es
Agenci
es accr
edi
ted by t
he Nat
ionalAccr
edi
tat
ion Body underNPOP f
or
cer
ti
fyi
ngor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.Theaccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
esshal
lcer
ti
fyor
gani
c
pr
oduct
saspert
hescopeofaccr
edi
tat
ionappr
ovedbyt
heNAB.
 CHAPTER9
CERTI
FICATI
ONPROCESSANDSTANDARDSOFORGANI
C
FARMI
NG
Qual
i
tyconsi
der
ati
oni
nor
gani
cpr
oduct
s:-
Foodsaf
etyandqual
i
tyi
ssuesar
erecei
vi
nggr
eatdealofat
tent
iont
oday
.Or
gani
cfar
ming
doesnoti
nvol
vet
heuseofar
ti
fi
cial
input
sli
kechemi
cal
sei
thert
oenr
icht
hesoi
lort
ocont
rol
insect
pest
.Or
gani
cpr
oduct
ionsy
stem i
sver
yst
ri
cti
nthi
sregar
d.Or
gani
cfoodsal
esar
eri
singr
api
dly
.
Foodhabi
tsofconsumer
sar
echangi
ngal
lov
ert
hewor
ld.

Or
gani
cfoodqual
i
tyandsaf
ety
:-
1.Or
gani
cfoodi
swi
del
ybel
i
evedt
obeheal
thi
ert
hanconv
ent
ional
food.
2.Or
gani
cpr
oducei
sli
kel
ytohav
elessagr
ochemi
cal
resi
dues.
3.Or
gani
cpr
oduct
sar
esuper
iori
nnut
ri
ent
stoconv
ent
ional
product
s.
4.Chi
l
dren’
sdi
etconsi
sti
ngofor
gani
cfoodhav
elowerpr
obabi
l
ityofneur
ologi
c
heal
thr
isks.
5.Consumpt
ionofor
gani
cmi
l
kisassoci
atedwi
thdecr
easei
nri
skofeczema.
6. Ther
eisnor
iskofanyf
oodpoi
soni
ngorbact
eri
ali
nfect
iont
hroughor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.

7.Or
gani
cfar
mingandor
gani
cpr
oduct
sdonotposeanyt
hreatofmy
cot
oxi
nor
phy
tot
oxi
ntoxi
cit
y.
Label
i
ngofor
gani
cpr
oduce:
-
I
nIndi
atr
ademar
k‘I
ndi
aor
gani
c’i
sgr
ant
edont
hebasi
sofcompl
i
ancewi
tht
henat
ional

st
andar
dsf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
ion(
NSOP)
.Thi
str
ademar
kisownedbyt
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
a.The

l
i
censet
ousel
ogoi
sgr
ant
edonl
ytosuchmanuf
act
ures,
expor
ter
s,andpr
ocessor
swhosepr
oduct
sar
e

cer
ti
fi
edbyt
heaccr
edi
tedi
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionagenci
es.

Thel
abelshoul
dbeat
tract
ive,cl
ear
,accur
atei
nfor
mat
ionont
heor
gani
cst
atus
ofpr
oduct
.Thel
abelf
oror
gani
candconv
ent
ionalpr
oductshoul
dbedi
sti
ngui
shabl
eby
di
ff
erentcol
ourl
abel
s.
Thedet
aill
i
kenameofpr
oduct
,qual
i
tyofpr
oduct
.Nameandaddr
essofpr
oducer
s,
Nameofcer
ti
fi
cat
ionagency
.Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionl
otno.et
car
egi
venonl
abel
Lotno.i
shel
pfuli
nkeepi
ngbackt
hepr
oduct
,par
ti
cul
arl
ythef
iel
dno.i
nwhi
chi
t
i
sgr
owni
ncaseofcont
ami
nat
ion,
lotnoshoul
dincl
udet
hecr
op,
count
ry,
fiel
dnumber
,
har
vestdat
eandy
ear
.
St
andar
dsf
oror
gani
cFar
ming:
-
St
andar
dar
erul
esoft
hepr
oduct
ionf
oror
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e.Theydet
ermi
net
he
pr
oduct
ionpr
ocesswi
thi
ntheecol
ogi
calandsoci
alenv
ironmentt
hrough,whi
cht
he
pr
oductemer
ges.

COMPI
LEDBYSHI
VAJIRAVSAHEBSURYAVANSHI
I
FOAM Basi
cSt
andar
ds(
IBS):
-
TheI
nter
nat
ionalFeder
ati
onofOr
gani
cAgr
icul
tur
eMov
ement
s(I
FOAM)haspr
oduceda
setofi
nter
nat
ionalbasi
cst
andar
dsf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
ionandpr
ocessi
ng(
IBS)
,lai
ddownby
peopl
efr
om manycount
ri
es.Thesegi
vegui
del
i
nesaboutwhator
gani
cfar
mingi
sandhow i
t
shoul
dbepr
act
isedont
hef
arm.I
nter
nat
ionalst
andar
dsar
eal
sousedt
ohel
pcount
ri
esset
t
hei
rownst
andar
ds,whi
cht
akei
ntoaccountdi
ff
erentf
armi
ngsy
stems.Manycount
ri
eshav
e
anor
gani
cst
andar
dsaut
hor
it
ywhi
chl
aysdownnat
ionalst
andar
dsandawar
dsasy
mbolt
o
f
armswhi
chhav
efol
l
owedt
hest
andar
ds.Thi
ssy
mbolt
henal
l
owsf
armer
stomar
ketcer
ti
fi
ed
or
gani
cpr
oduce.Thi
sisi
mpor
tant
,asi
tensur
est
hatpeopl
eknowt
hatt
hef
oodwhi
cht
heybuy
i
sor
gani
c.

Mostr
ecent
ly,t
he Codex Commi
tt
ee on f
ood l
abel
i
ng has debat
ed ‘
Draf
t
Gui
del
i
nef
orpr
oduct
ion,Pr
ocessi
ng,Label
i
ngandMar
ket
ingofOr
gani
cal
l
yPr
oduced
Foods;adopt
ionofasi
ngl
edef
ini
ti
onf
oror
gani
cfar
mingbyt
heCodexAl
i
ment
ari
us
Commi
ssi
onati
tsmeet
ingi
nJune,
1999.
Themai
npr
inci
plesofor
gani
cfar
mingwer
elai
ddownbyI
FOAM i
n1992.
Topr
oducef
oodofhi
ghnut
ri
ti
onal
qual
i
tyi
nsuf
fi
cientquant
it
y.
Toi
nter
acti
naconst
ruct
iveandl
i
feenhanci
ngwaywi
thal
lnat
ural
syst
emsandcy
cles.To

encour
ageandenhancebi
ologi
cal
cycl
eswi
thi
nthef
armi
ngsy
stem,
inv
olv
ing

mi
croor
gani
sms,
soi
lfl
oraandf
auna,
plant
sandani
mal
s.To

mai
ntai
nandi
ncr
easel
ongt
ermf
ert
il
it
yofsoi
l
s.

Touse,
asf
araspossi
ble,
renewabl
eresour
cesi
nlocal
l
yor
gani
zedagr
icul
tur
alsy
stems.Towor
k,

asf
araspossi
ble,
wit
hinacl
osedsy
stem wi
thr
egar
dtoor
gani
cmat
terand

nut
ri
entel
ement
s.Thi
sai
mst
oreduceext
ernal
input
s.
Towor
k,asf
araspossi
ble,
wit
hmat
eri
alsandsubst
anceswhi
chcanbe
r
eusedorr
ecy
cled,
eit
heront
hef
arm orel
sewher
e.
Togi
veal
ll
iv
est
ockl
i
vingcondi
ti
onswhi
chwi
l
lal
l
owt
hem t
oper
for
mthebasi
c
aspect
soft
hei
rinnat
ebehav
iour
.
Tomi
nimi
seal
lfor
msofpol
l
uti
ont
hatmayr
esul
tfr
om agr
icul
tur
alpr
act
ices.
Tomai
ntai
nthegenet
icdi
ver
sit
yoft
heagr
icul
tur
alsy
stem andi
ts
sur
roundi
ngs,
incl
udi
ngt
hepr
otect
ionofpl
antandwi
l
dli
fehabi
tat
s.
Toal
l
owagr
icul
tur
alpr
oducer
sal
i
vingaccor
dingt
otheUNhumanr
ight
s;t
o
cov
ert
hei
rbasi
cneedsandobt
ainanadequat
eret
urnandsat
isf
act
ionf
rom
t
hei
rwor
k,i
ncl
udi
ngasaf
ewor
kingenv
ironment
.
Toconsi
dert
hewi
dersoci
alandecol
ogi
cal
impactoft
hef
armi
ngsy
stem.
 Or
gani
cfoodi
sbecomi
ngpopul
ari
nAust
ral
i
a,Eur
opeandAmer
ica.Howev
erf
or
f
oodt
obesol
dasor
gani
citmustbearasy
mbol
thatpr
ovest
hati
tist
rul
yor
gani
c.
Thi
sisobt
ainedt
hroughacer
ti
fi
cat
ionor
gani
sat
ion.
Posi
ti
onofSt
andar
dinI
ndi
a:-
Mi
nist
ryofCommer
ce,Gov
t.ofI
ndi
alaunchedt
heNat
ionalPr
ogr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion

(
NPOP)i
n2000t
odecl
aret
hest
andar
dforor
gani
cpr
oduct
ion,
pol
i
cyonaccr
edi
tat
ionsy
stem,
inspect
ion

andcer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ocess,i
nst
it
uti
onofl
ogo.Thenat
ionalst
andar
dsdealwi
thconv
ersi
onr
equi
rement
,

cr
oppr
oduct
ion,
div
ersi
ty,
nut
ri
ti
onal
management
,cont
ami
nat
ioncont
rol
,ani
mal
husbandr
y,l
abel
i
nget
c.

Cr
it
eri
aandpr
ocedur
eforaccr
edi
tat
ionofcer
ti
fi
cat
ionandi
nspect
ionpr
ogr
ammehav
ebeendev
eloped

andnot
if
ied.ANat
ionalOr
gani
cLog,“
Indi
aOr
gani
c”hasal
sobeendev
elopedwhi
chwi
l
lbeusedon

cer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.TheNat
ionalSt
eer
ingCommi
tt
ee(
NSC)i
smoni
tor
ingt
hepr
ogr
ammeof

NPOP.

Thest
andar
dondi
ff
erenti
temsoncr
oppr
oduct
ionar
easunder
.

I
tem Gener
alpr
inci
ple St
andar
ds
Choi
ce of Theseed& pl
antmat
eri
al Whenor
gani
cseed& pl
antmat
eri
alar
e
cr
opvar
iet
ies shoul
dbecer
ti
fi
edor
gani
c avai
l
abl
e,t
heyshoul
dbeused.
Whenor
gani
cseed&pl
antmat
eri
alar
enot
avai
l
abl
e,chemi
cal
l
yunt
reat
ed convent
ional
seed&pl
antmat
eri
alshal
lbeused.
Whennoot
heral
ter
nat
ivesar
e av
ail
abl
e,
chemi
cal
l
ytr
eat
edseed&pl
antmat
eri
almay
beused.
Theuseofgenet
ical
l
yengi
neer
edseeds,
pol
l
engr
ains,t
ransgeni
cpl
ant
s orpl
ant
ing
mat
eri
ali
snotal
l
owed.
Conver
sion Theest
abl
i
shmentofanor
gani
c Pl
antpr
oduct
spr
oducedannual
l
ycanbe
per
iod sy
stem & bui
l
dingofsoi
l cer
ti
fi
edor
gani
caf
ter12mont
hsof
,Per
enni
al
f
ert
il
it
y r
equi
res an i
nter
im pl
ant
s af
ter36 mont
hs of or
gani
c
per
iodcal
l
edt
he conver
sionmanagement
.
per
iod.
Di
ver
sit
y of Thebasi
sforcr
oppr
oduct
ioni
n Sci
ent
if
icdi
ver
sit
yisobt
ainedi
nti
meorpl
ace
cr
op gar
deni
ng,f
armi
ng &f
orest
ryi
namannert
hatt
akesi
ntoaccountpr
essur
e
pr
oduct
ion andt
opr
ovi
deadi
ver
sit
yof f
rom i
nsect
s,weeds,di
seases,whi
l
e
speci
es whi
l
e mi
nimi
zi
ngmai
ntai
ningsoi
lor
gani
cmat
ter
,fer
ti
li
ty,and

-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+-+-
+
 nut
ri
entl
osses gener
alsoi
lheal
th.
Fer
ti
li
zat
ion Suf
fi
cient quant
it
ies ofBi
odegr
adabl
emat
eri
alofmi
crobi
al,pl
antor
pol
i
cy bi
odegr
adabl
e mat
eri
al ofani
mal
ori
ginshoul
dbeused.
mi
crobi
al, pl
ant or ani
malManur
escont
aini
nghumanexcr
etashal
lnot
or
igi
nshoul
dber
etur
nedt
othe beused.
soi
ltoi
ncr
easeoratl
east Theaccumul
ati
onofheavymet
alsandot
her
mai
ntai
n i
ts f
ert
il
it
y & pol
l
utant
sshoul
dbeav
oided.
bi
ologi
calact
ivi
ty Mi
ner
alf
ert
il
izer
sshal
lbeappl
i
edi
nthei
r
nat
ural
composi
ti
on.
Pest
, di
seaseOr
gani
cfar
mingsyst
em shoul
d Pr
oduct
susedf
orpest
,di
seaseandweed
and weedbecar
ri
edouti
nsuchawayt
hat managementshoul
dbepr
epar
edatf
armf
rom
management l
osses f
rom Pest
,di
sease and l
ocalpl
ant
s,ani
mal
,andmi
croor
gani
sms.
weedsar
emi
nimi
zed. Synt
het
icher
bici
de,f
ongi
cide,i
nsect
ici
deet
c.
Ar
epr
ohi
bit
ed.
Phy
sical
met
hodofcont
rol
isused
Food Anyhandl
i
ngandpr
ocessi
ngof Or
gani
cpr
oductshal
lbepr
otect
edf
rom co-
pr
osecci
ng or
gani
cpr
oduct
sshal
lmai
ntai
n mi
ngl
i
ngwi
thnon-
organi
cpr
oduct
s.
andhandl
i
ng qual
i
tyandi
ntegr
it
yoft
he Al
lpr
oduct
sshal
lbeadequat
elyi
dent
if
ied
pr
oduct
. t
hrought
hewhol
epr
ocess.
Or
gani
candnon-
organi
cpr
oduct
sshal
lnotbe
st
ored&t
ranspor
tedt
oget
herexceptwhen
l
abel
ed.
Packi
ng Wast
e gener
ati
ng packi
ng Packi
ngmat
eri
alshoul
dnotcont
ami
nat
efood.
mat
eri
alshoul
dbeavoi
ded.I
t Theaccr
edi
tedcer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeshal
l
shoul
dnotr
educet
hequal
i
ty. haveapol
i
cyt
oreducet
heenvi
ronment
al
ef
fectofpackagi
ngmat
eri
al.
Label
l
ing Labelshal
lconv
eycl
earand Theper
sonorcompanyl
egal
l
yresponsi
blef
or
accur
atei
nfor
mat
iononor
gani
c t
hepr
oduct
ionorpr
ocessi
ngoft
hepr
oduct
st
atusoft
hepr
oduct
. shal
lbei
dent
if
ied.
Si
ngl
eingr
edi
entpr
oduct
smaybel
abel
edas“
Pr
oduceofOr
gani
cAgr
icul
tur
e”.

Accr
edi
tat
ioni
nor
gani
cFar
ming:
-
Accr
edi
tat
ioni
sapr
ocedur
ebywhi
chanaut
hor
it
ivebodygi
vesaf
ormal
r
ecogni
ti
ont
hatabodyorper
soni
scompet
entt
ocar
ryoutspeci
fi
ctasks.
 Aspert
heNPOPanaccr
edi
tat
ionr
efer
sregi
str
ati
onbyt
heaccr
edi
tat
ionagencyf
or
cer
ti
fyi
ngagencyf
orcer
ti
fyi
ngor
gani
cfar
m,pr
oduct
sandpr
ocessesaspert
hegui
del
i
nesof
t
heNat
ional
Accr
edi
tat
ionpol
i
cyandPr
ogr
ammef
orOr
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
The agenci
es,whi
ch pr
ovi
de accr
edi
tat
ion (
recogni
ti
on)ar
e cal
l
ed accr
edi
tat
ion
agenci
es.NPOPdef
inedt
hef
oll
owi
ngf
unct
ionofaccr
edi
tat
ionagenci
es.
Accr
edi
tat
ionagencypr
escr
ibet
hepackageofpr
act
icesf
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
s

Under
takeaccr
edi
tat
ionofcer
ti
fyi
ngandi
nspect
ionagenci
es

Moni
tori
nspect
ionmadebyt
heaccr
edi
tedi
nspect
ion
agenci
es.Laydownt
hei
nspect
ionpr
ocedur
e
Adv
iset
heNat
ional
Steer
ingCommi
tt
eeonOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion.
Ev
olv
eaccr
edi
tat
ioncr
it
eri
afori
nspect
ionandcer
ti
fi
cat
ionagenci
es.

Pr
epar
eanoper
ati
ngmanual
toassi
staccr
edi
tedagenci
es.

I
nthey
ear2000Mi
nist
ryofCommer
ce,
Gov
t.ofI
ndi
ahasdesi
gned6
accr
edi
tat
ionagenci
es.Theyar
e:
1.
Agr
icul
tur
alandPr
ocessedFoodPr
oduct
s,Expor
tDev
elopmentAut
hor
it
y
r
d
(
APEDA)3 f
loor
,NCUIBui
l
dingAugustKr
ant
iMar
g,NewDel
hi110016,
2.Cof
feeBoar
d
No.
1,Dr
.B.
R.AmbedkarVeedhi
,Bangal
ore560001
3.Spi
cesBoar
d
SugandhaBhav
an,
PBNo.2277,
P.O.Pal
ari
vat
tom,
Kochi
682025
4.
TeaBoar
d,
14,
Bipl
abi
Tri
l
oky
a,Mahar
ajSar
ani
,Kol
kat
ta700001
5.
CoconutDev
elopmentBoar
d
PBNo.1021,
Ker
aBhav
an,
Kochi
682011,
Ker
ala.
6.CocoandCashewnutBoar
d
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionandI
nspect
ioni
nor
gani
cfar
ming:
-
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionmeanshav
ingt
hef
arm andt
hef
armer
’smet
hodsi
nspect
edbyanor
gani
c
cer
ti
fyi
nggr
oupt
oensur
ethatt
heycompl
ywi
thgui
del
i
nesofor
gani
cfar
ming.Eachcer
ti
fyi
nggr
oup
hasacodeofst
andar
dswhi
chi
sav
ail
abl
etoi
nter
est
edpeopl
e.Cer
ti
fi
cat
ioni
sapr
ocedur
ebywhi
ch
at
hir
dpar
tygi
veswr
it
tenassur
ancet
hatapr
oduct
,pr
ocessorser
vicesi
nconf
ormi
tywi
thcer
tai
n
st
andar
ds.Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ocessf
ocusesont
hemet
hodandmat
eri
alusedi
npr
oduct
ion.Ther
e
ar
ethr
eemai
nrequi
rement
s.

1.Themet
hodsandmat
eri
alusedi
npr
oduct
ionmustmeetor
gani
cst
andar
ds
2. Ther
emustbecl
earandongoi
ngdocument
ati
onoft
hesemet
hodsandmat
eri
als
 3.Ther
emustbeapapert
rai
ltr
aci
ngapr
oductbackt
oit
spr
oduct
ionsi
te,
inor
der
t
over
if
ythemet
hodsandmat
eri
alsusedi
nit
spr
oduct
ion.
Ther
efor
e,i
n essence,or
gani
c cer
ti
fi
cat
ion i
s a si
mpl
e concept
,A t
hir
d par
tyev
aluat
es

pr
oducer
s,pr
ocessor
sandhandl
erst
odet
ermi
newhet
hert
heyconf
ormt
oanest
abl
i
shedsetof

or
gani
cst
andar
ds.Thosewhoconf
orm ar
ecer
ti
fi
edbyt
heagentandal
l
owedt
ouseal
ogo,
Product

st
atementorcer
ti
fi
cat
etodocumentt
hei
rpr
oductascer
ti
fi
edor
gani
c.

Accr
edi
tedcer
ti
fyi
ng/i
nspect
ionagenci
es:
-
Accr
edi
tedcer
ti
fyi
ng/
inspect
ionagenci
esar
easf
oll
ows:
-
1.Associ
ati
onf
orpr
omot
ionofor
gani
cfar
ming
t
h t
h
No.
3,9 Cr
oss,
5 mai
nRoad,
JayMahal
Ext
wnsi
on,
Bangal
ore-
46
2.Bi
oinspect
a
Acker
str
asse,
Post
fachCH-
5070Fr
ick,
Swi
tzer
land
3.Ecocer
tInt
ernat
ional
(Ger
many
)
Ecocer
tSABr
anchof
fi
ce,
54A,
KnachanNagar
,Nakshet
rawadi
,Aur
angabad-
431002
4. I
ndi
an Or
gani
c Cer
ti
fi
cat
ion Agency (
INDOCERT)

Thot
tumugham P.
O.Al
uva-
683105,
Cochi
n,Ker
ala

5.I
MPCont
rol
Pri
vat
eLi
mit
ed
t
h nd
26,
17 Mai
n,Hal
2 “
A”St
age,
Bangal
ore–560008
6.LACONGMBH
Wei
ngar
tenSt
r.1.
5,77654,
Off
enbur
g,Ger
many

Br
anchof
fi
cei
nIndi
a
Mi
thr
adham,
Chunangav
eli
Alway
e-683105,
Ker
ala
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nter
nat
ional
Resour
cesf
orFai
rerTr
ade,
SonaUdy
og(
Indust
ri
alEst
ate)Uni
tNo.
7Par
is
Panchy
atRoad,
Andher
i(E)
,Mumbai
-4000069
Nat
url
and-
Associ
ati
onf
orOr
gani
cAgr
icul
tur
e,Chr
ist
inaRei
fenr
ath,
Qual
i
ty
Management
,Kl
einhademerWegI
,82166Gr
ael
fi
ng,
Ger
many
.
Dr
.Pr
abhaMahal
e(GF)
,M-
13/
27,
DLFCi
tyI
I,
122002Gur
gaon,
Har
yana
I
ndi
anSoci
etyf
orCer
ti
fi
cat
ionofOr
gani
cPr
oduct
s(I
SCOP)
,“RASIBUI
LDI
NG”
,162/
163,
Tami
lNadu-
641001
r
d
Skal
Int
ernat
ional
andCer
ti
fi
cat
ionAgency3 Fl
oor
,Monar
chChamber
s,122,
Inf
ant
ary
Road,
Bangal
ore-
560001
SGSI
ndi
aPv
t.Lt
d.,
250Udy
ogVi
har
,Phase-
IV,
Gur
gaon-
122015

Pr
ocedur
eforcer
ti
fi
cat
ionandi
nspect
ion:
-
 Or
gani
cfar
mingi
sa“
Processcer
ti
fi
cat
ion”andnot“
ProductCer
ti
fi
cat
ion”Thecet
if
icat
ion

agencyhast
obei
mpar
ti
al.I
tsaccr
edi
tat
ionbyanaut
hor
izedaccr
edi
tat
ionagencyi
smandat
ory
.Onl
y

af
teri
ssuanceofaccr
edi
tat
ioncer
ti
fi
cat
eitcanactascer
ti
fi
cat
ionagency
.

Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionagencymayappoi
ntoneormor
einspect
ionagent
sbyent
eri
ngi
ntoa
wr
it
tencont
ract
,speci
fyi
ngt
het
ermsandcondi
ti
onsoft
hei
ragr
eement
.
Theypr
escr
ibespeci
fi
cdocumentt
obemai
ntai
nedatt
hel
evel
of
f
armer
s/f
armer
s’gr
oup.Theyal
sopr
escr
ibemi
nimum conv
ersi
onper
iod.
Theyar
eal
soaut
hor
izedt
oissuenecessar
ycer
ti
fi
cat
eofor
gani
cpr
oduct
iont
ofar
mer
s.They

ei
thert
hemsel
vesmayi
nspectt
her
ecor
dofor
gani
cfar
mer
s’gr
oupormayappoi
nt

i
nspect
or.Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionagency
,ifneeded,
maygett
hesampl
eofsoi
l
,wat
er,
or
gani
cinput
s
pest
ici
deset
c.andgett
hem t
est
ed.
I
nspect
orr
epor
tthei
rfi
ndi
ngsi
nwr
it
ing.Thi
sinf
ormat
ionwi
l
lbet
reat
edst
ri
ctl
y
conf
ident
ial
.
Basedoni
nspect
orr
epor
t,t
hecer
ti
fi
cat
ionagencywi
l
lissuecer
ti
fi
cat
eandal
l
ow
t
ouseal
ogo.
 CHAPTER10
PROCESSI
NG,
LABELI
NG,
ECONOMI
CCONSI
DERATI
ONSAND
VI
ABI
LITY
LABELLI
NG:
ORGANI
CCERTI
FICATI
ONMARK

ORGANI
CLOGO
At
rademar
k–“
Indi
aOr
gani
c”wi
l
lbegr
ant
edont
hebasi
sofcompl
i
ancewi
tht
he
Nat
ionalSt
andar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
NSOP)
.Communi
cat
ingt
hegenui
nenessas
wel
last
heor
igi
noft
hepr
oduct
,thi
str
ademar
kwi
l
lbeownedbyt
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
a.
Onl
ysuchexpor
ter
s,manuf
act
urer
sandpr
ocessor
swhosepr
oduct
sar
edul
ycer
ti
fi
edby
t
heaccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
es,wi
l
lbegr
ant
edt
hel
i
cencet
ouseoft
hel
ogowhi
ch
woul
dbegov
ernedbyasetofr
egul
ati
ons.
SPECI
FICATI
ONS
TheI
ndi
anOr
gani
cLogomustcompr
iseoft
hecol
ourspeci
fi
cat
ionsl
i
stedbel
ow:
-

CONCEPTOFORGANI
CLOGO
Sy
mbol
i
zingt
her
hyt
hm ofcosmi
candear
thf
orcesr
epr
esent
edbyt
hebl
ueandbr
ownwav
esof

f
orceandener
gy,‘
I
ndi
aOr
gani
c’l
ogocel
ebr
atest
heessenceofnat
ure.Thesef
orceswor
kinhar
mony

upont
heear
th’
senv
ironmentandt
hisr
hyt
hm i
srei
nfor
cedandsuppor
tedbyt
hegr
eenpl
antgr
owt
h.The

col
our
susedhav
easpeci
alsi
gni
fi
cancei
nthel
ogoconcept
.

Thecosmi
cfor
cei
nbl
uesy
mbol
i
zesuni
ver
sal
pur
it
y.Ri
chnessofsoi
l
,nour
ishedwi
thnat
ural

i
ngr
edi
ent
sinor
gani
cfar
ming,
issy
mbol
i
zedbyt
heear
thf
orcesi
ngol
denbr
own.

Thepl
anti
ngr
eenusest
hecol
ourofnat
ureandnat
uralpr
oduct
sunt
ouchedbychemi
cal
s.Thebl
ue

backgr
oundi
ssy
mbol
i
cofear
th’
senv
ironmentt
hati
scongeni
alf
orl
i
fet
o

t
hri
vei
nandi
sal
sof
reeofpol
l
uti
onandhar
mful
chemi
cal
s.
I
ndi
aOr
gani
cet
chedov
ert
hesur
faceaut
hent
icat
est
hecar
ri
eras“
Organi
c”andal
so
est
abl
i
shes t
he I
ndi
an connect
ion f
oral
lthe car
ri
ers oft
he mar
k.Beaut
if
ull
y
sy
nthesi
zi
ngal
ltheel
ement
sofourenv
ironment
,thel
ogoal
socommuni
cat
est
otal
adher
encet
otheNat
ional
Organi
cSt
andar
ds.
REGULATI
ONSGOVERNI
NGUSEOFTHECERTI
FICATI
ONTRADEMARK
‘
I
NDI
A
ORGANI
CLOGO’
Thef
oll
owi
ngr
egul
ati
ons,
whi
chi
ncl
udeanymodi
fi
cat
ionsandaddi
ti
ons
t
her
eto,
shal
lappl
yforgr
antofal
i
cencef
oruseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k‘I
NDI
A
ORGANI
CLOGO’
onl
yont
hecer
ti
fi
edpr
oduct
spr
oduced,
processed,
packedand
l
abel
edaspert
heNat
ional
Standar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
s.
Shor
tTi
tl
eandCommencement
–(1)Theser
egul
ati
onsmaybecal
l
edt
heOr
gani
c
Pr
oduct
sCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kRegul
ati
ons,
2014.
Def
ini
ti
ons–I
ntheser
egul
ati
ons,
unl
esst
hecont
extot
her
wiser
equi
res-
a.“
Appl
i
cant
”meansanymanuf
act
urer
,pr
ocessor
,expor
terwhoappl
i
est
otheAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyf
orgr
antofal
i
cencet
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.

b.“
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k”meanst
heI
ndi
aOr
gani
clogoasshowni
nExhi
bit‘
A’
her
eto.c.“
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
”shal
lmeananagencyaccr
edi
tedand
aut
hor
izedbyNABt
ooper
ateandpr
omot
etheNPOPonbehal
foft
heNAB.
d.“
Licensee”shal
lmeananappl
i
cantwhohasbeengr
ant
edt
hel
i
cencet
ouset
he
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.
e.“
Nat
ional
Accr
edi
tat
ionBody(
NAB)
”meansabodyappoi
ntedbyt
heNat
ional
St
eer
ingCommi
tt
eeconst
it
utedundert
heNat
ional
Progr
am f
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion
byt
heGov
ernmentofI
ndi
a.
f
.“Nat
ional
Steer
ingCommi
tt
ee”(
NSC)i
stheCommi
tt
eer
esponsi
blef
ort
he
i
mpl
ement
ati
onandadmi
nist
rat
ionoft
heNPOPandcompr
isesmember
sfr
om
APEDA,
TeaBoar
d,Spi
cesBoar
d,Cof
feeBoar
d,Mi
nist
ryofAgr
icul
tur
eet
c.andmay
i
ncl
udeanyot
herbodyasmaybenot
if
iedf
rom t
imet
oti
me.
g.Nat
ional
Progr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
NPOP)r
efer
stoaPr
ogr
ammeoft
he
Gov
ernmentofI
ndi
awhi
chpr
ovi
desf
orani
nst
it
uti
onal
mechani
sm f
or
i
mpl
ement
ati
onoft
heNat
ional
Standar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion.
h.“
Nat
ional
Standar
dsf
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion”shal
lref
ert
ost
andar
dscont
ainedi
nthe
Nat
ional
Progr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion.
i
.“Regul
ati
ons”shal
lref
ert
othei
nst
antRegul
ati
onsgov
erni
nguseoft
heI
ndi
aOr
gani
c
Logo,
asamendedf
rom t
imet
oti
mebyt
heNAB.TheRegul
ati
onsar
eopent
opubl
i
c
i
nspect
ioni
nthesamewayast
heI
ndi
anRegi
sterofTr
adeMar
ksi
sopent
opubl
i
c
i
nspect
ion,
anyamendmentoft
heRegul
ati
oni
snotef
fect
iveunt
ilt
heamendedRegul
ati
on
hav
ebeenaccept
edbyt
heI
ndi
anRegi
str
arofTr
adeMar
ks.
j
.Al
lot
herwor
dsandexpr
essi
onsusedi
ntheRegul
ati
onsandnotdef
inedher
einshal
l
hav
etheor
dinar
ymeani
ngsassi
gnedi
ntheEngl
i
shl
anguage.
Pr
opr
iet
orshi
poft
heI
ndi
aOr
gani
cLogo;
Aut
hor
izedUser
s
Apr
oductwi
l
lbeal
l
owedt
obeexpor
tedas“
Organi
cPr
oduct
”onl
yifi
tis
pr
oduced,
processedandpackedundert
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kissuedby
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
esaut
hor
izedbyt
heNAB,
const
it
utedundert
he
pr
ovi
sionsoft
heNPOP.
NABi
sthesol
e,absol
ute,
andexcl
usi
veowneroft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.The
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
esar
eagent
soft
heNAB.Ther
elat
ionshi
pbet
weenNAB
 andt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodi
esi
sgov
ernedbyt
het
ermsofanAgency
Agr
eementent
eredi
ntobet
weent
hePar
ti
es.A sampl
eAgencyAgr
eementi
s
at
tachedher
etoandmar
kedasExhi
bitB.Not
hingi
ntheseRegul
ati
onsmodi
fi
es
t
het
ermsoft
heAgencyAgr
eement
.
TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,whi
l
egr
ant
ingcer
ti
fi
cat
iont
oanAppl
i
canti
smer
ely
act
ingasanagentoft
heNABandanycer
ti
fi
cat
ionconf
err
edonsuchAppl
i
canti
s
deemedt
ohav
ebeenul
ti
mat
elyconf
err
edandaut
hor
izedbyNAB.
Al
i
censet
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kmayber
evokedi
fthe
l
i
censeechal
l
engest
hev
ali
dit
yoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k;or
chal
l
engesNABast
hesol
e,absol
ute,
andexcl
usi
veownerofal
lri
ght
,ti
tl
e,andi
nter
est
i
ntheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k,andt
hegoodwi
l
lassoci
atedt
her
ewi
th;
or

t
akesanyact
ion,
whi
chwoul
dimpai
rther
ight
sofNABi
nandt
otheCer
ti
fi
cat
ion
Tr
adeMar
kort
hegoodwi
l
lassoci
atedt
her
ewi
th.
Al
i
censegr
ant
edt
oanAppl
i
cantt
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinI
ndi
aisa
pr
ivi
l
egebest
owedatwi
l
landdoesnotconst
it
uteal
egal
l
yenf
orceabl
eri
ght
,ti
tl
e
ori
nter
est
.Atal
lti
mest
hisper
missi
oni
ssubj
ectt
other
ight
s,dut
ies,
and
r
est
ri
cti
onscont
ainedi
ntheRegul
ati
ons.Byaccept
ingCer
ti
fi
cat
ion,
theLi
censee
acknowl
edgesandaccept
sthat
:
Gr
antofal
i
censet
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kisnotanassi
gnmentor
gr
antofanyr
ight
,ti
tl
eori
nter
esti
nort
otheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.
Nor
ight
,ti
tl
eori
nter
esti
nort
otheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kcanbeacqui
redor
cl
aimedbyv
irt
ueoft
heper
missi
ongr
ant
edher
einort
hroughanyuseoft
he
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k;
Al
lgoodwi
l
lder
ivi
ngf
rom useoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinur
est
oandf
or
t
hebenef
itofNAB;
and
NABi
sthesol
e,absol
ute,
andexcl
usi
veowneroft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.
NABt
hrought
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
(s)shal
lmai
ntai
nar
egi
steroft
he
l
i
censeeswhoar
eaut
hor
izedt
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k

Ev
eryappl
i
cat
ionf
ort
hegr
antofal
i
cencet
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k
shal
lbemadet
otheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyonFor
m 1pr
escr
ibedi
nthe
NPOPf
rom t
imet
oti
me.
Ev
eryappl
i
cat
ionf
oral
i
cenceshal
lbeaccompani
edbyast
atementf
urni
shi
ngi
ndet
ail
any

schemeofi
nspect
ionandt
est
ing,
whi
cht
heappl
i
cantmai
ntai
nsorhasbeeni
nuseorpr
oposes

t
omai
ntai
nort
oputi
ntouseandwhi
chi
sdesi
gnedt
oregul
ate,
dur
ingt
he
 cour
seofmanuf
act
ureorpr
oduct
ion,
thequal
i
tyoft
hepr
oductorpr
ocessf
or
whi
cht
hel
i
cencei
sappl
i
edf
or.
Ev
eryappl
i
cat
ionshal
lbesi
gnedi
nthecaseofani
ndi
vi
dual
,byt
heappl
i
cantor
,int
he
caseofaf
ir
m,byt
hepr
opr
iet
or,
par
tnerort
hemanagi
ngdi
rect
oroft
hef
ir
m orbyany
ot
herper
sonaut
hor
izedt
osi
gnanydecl
arat
iononbehal
foft
hef
ir
m.Thenameand
desi
gnat
ionoft
heper
sonsi
gni
ngt
heappl
i
cat
ionshal
lber
ecor
dedl
egi
blyi
nthespace
setapar
tfort
hepur
posei
ntheappl
i
cat
ionf
orm.
Ev
eryappl
i
cat
ionf
oral
i
cenceshal
l
,onr
ecei
ptbyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,be
number
edi
ntheor
derofpr
ior
it
yoft
her
ecei
ptandbeacknowl
edged.
TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymaycal
lforanysuppl
ement
aryi
nfor
mat
ionordocument
ary

ev
idencef
rom anyappl
i
canti
nsuppor
tofort
osubst
ant
iat
eanyst
atementmadebyhi
minhi
s

appl
i
cat
ion,
wit
hinsucht
imeasmaybedi
rect
edbyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,andnon-

compl
i
ancewi
thsuchdi
rect
ionmayhav
etheef
fectoft
heappl
i
cat
ionbei
ngsummar
il
yrej
ect
ed

byt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.

Onr
ecei
ptofanappl
i
cat
ionf
oral
i
cenceandbef
oregr
ant
ingal
i
cence,
the
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymay
a)r
equi
reev
idencet
obepr
oducedt
hatt
hepr
oductorpr
ocessi
nrespectofwhi
chal
i
cence
hasbeenappl
i
edf
orconf
ormst
othest
andar
dsandspeci
fi
cat
ionssetouti
ntheNat
ional
Pr
ogr
ammef
orOr
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
her
einaf
terNPOP)andt
heNat
ionalSt
andar
dsf
or
Or
gani
cPr
oduct
ion(
her
einaf
terNSOP)
;
b)r
equi
reev
idencet
o bepr
oduced t
hatt
heappl
i
canthasi
n oper
ati
on aschemeofr
out
ine
i
nspect
ionandt
est
ing,whi
chwi
l
ladequat
elyensur
ethatal
lmar
kedpr
oduct
sorpr
ocessshal
l
conf
ormt
othest
andar
dsandspeci
fi
cat
ionssetouti
ntheNPOPandt
heNSOP;
c)r
equi
real
lreasonabl
efaci
l
iti
est
obepr
ovi
dedt
oanI
nspect
oroft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyt
o

i
nspectt
hef
arms,pr
ocessi
nguni
ts,of
fi
ce,wor
kshop,t
est
ingl
abor
ator
iesorgodownsandanyot
her

pr
emi
sesoft
heappl
i
cantandt
odr
aw andt
estasampl
eorsampl
esf
ort
hepur
poseofv
eri
fyi
ngt
he

ev
idencepr
oducedbyt
heappl
i
cantundercl
ause(
a)orcl
ause(
b)orbot
h;

d)f
ort
hepur
poseofcl
ause(
a),di
rectt
heappl
i
cantt
osubmi
tsampl
est
osucht
est
ing
aut
hor
it
yasAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayconsi
derappr
opr
iat
e.Theexpensesf
or
t
est
ingshal
lbebor
nebyt
heappl
i
cant
;and
e)Ont
hebasi
sofanyr
epor
trecei
vedundercl
ause(
c)orcl
ause(
d)orbot
h,t
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymay
,asdeemedf
it
,requi
ret
heappl
i
cantt
ocar
ryoutsuchal
ter
ati
onsi
n,ori
n
addi
ti
ont
o,t
hepr
ocessofmanuf
act
ureorpr
oduct
ioni
nusebyt
heappl
i
cant
.

Gr
antofLi
cence
I
f,af
terhav
ingr
egar
dtor
equi
sit
eski
l
l,r
esour
ces,pr
oduct
ion,pr
ocessi
ngpr
evi
ous
per
for
manceandant
ecedent
srel
evantt
othei
ssuanceoft
hel
i
cence,
theAccr
edi
ted
 Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,issat
isf
iedt
hatt
heappl
i
canti
sfi
ttouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k,t
he
Accr
edi
ted Cer
ti
fi
cat
ion Bodyshal
lgr
anta l
i
cence i
n For
m 2 aut
hor
izi
ng t
he use oft
he
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinr
espectoft
hepr
oductorcl
assofpr
oduct
smanuf
act
uredbyt
he
appl
i
canti
nrespectoft
hepr
ocessempl
oyedi
nanypr
oduct
ion,manuf
act
ureorwor
k,subj
ectt
o
sucht
ermsandcondi
ti
onsasspeci
fi
edi
ntheser
egul
ati
ons.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
shal
li
nti
mat
etheappl
i
cantaboutgr
antofl
i
cence.
(
a)TheAppl
i
cantshal
lbeent
it
ledt
ouset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kandr
est
ri
cti
tsuset
osuch
pr
oduct
sorser
vices,
whi
chwi
l
lmeett
henor
msandst
andar
dspeci
fi
cat
ionsoft
hepr
oduct
s,setout
i
ntheNPOP.TheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kmaybeaf
fi
xedt
othepr
oduct
sand/
orusedonpackagi
ng
orpr
omot
ional
mat
eri
alori
nthecont
extofadv
ert
isi
ngact
ivi
ti
es.

(
b)I
ntheev
entofawi
thdr
awaloft
her
ightt
ouset
heaf
oresai
dCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k,t
he
cer
ti
fi
cat
eort
heLi
cenceshal
lber
etur
nedt
otheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.Ther
ightt
ouse
t
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kexpi
resatt
hesamet
imewi
thoutgi
vi
ngr
iset
oanyi
ndemni
fi
cat
ion
cl
aim agai
nstt
heNABand/
ort
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
(c)TheAppl
i
canti
sent
it
ledt
ouset
heaf
oresai
dCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kin
accor
dancewi
tht
heseRegul
ati
onsgov
erni
ngi
tsuse.
(
d)Wher
etheappl
i
cat
ionf
oral
i
cencei
smadebyaper
son,whosel
i
cencei
scancel
l
edbyt
he
Accr
edi
ted Cer
ti
fi
cat
ion Body due t
ofur
nishi
ng ofi
ncor
recti
nfor
mat
ion oruse oft
he
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinr
elat
iont
oanypr
oductot
hert
hant
hatf
orwhi
chi
thasbeengr
ant
ed
l
i
cense,heshal
lnotbeel
i
gibl
etor
eappl
yforaper
iodoft
imeasdet
ermi
nedbyt
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyhav
ingr
egar
dtot
hef
act
sandci
rcumst
ancesofeachcase.I
nanyev
ent
,
suchper
iodshal
lnotexceedoney
ear
.
Al
i
cenceshal
lbegr
ant
edonFor
m 2pr
escr
ibedi
ntheNPOPf
rom t
imet
oti
mef
ora
per
iodofoney
earandadecl
arat
ionbyl
i
censeeshal
lbegi
venonFor
m 3.
TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymaybygi
vi
ngonemont
h’snot
icet
oaLi
censee,
al
teranyt
ermsandcondi
ti
onssubj
ectt
owhi
cht
hel
i
cencehasbeengr
ant
eddur
ing
t
hev
ali
dit
yoft
hel
i
cence.
Wher
etheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,af
terapr
eli
minar
yinqui
ry,
isoft
heopi
niont
hata
l
i
cenceshoul
dnotbegr
ant
ed,
itshal
lgi
vear
easonabl
eoppor
tuni
tyt
otheappl
i
cantof
bei
nghear
d,ei
theri
nper
sonort
hroughar
epr
esent
ati
veaut
hor
izedbyhi
m onhi
sbehal
f,
andmayt
akei
ntoconsi
der
ati
onanyf
actorexpl
anat
ionur
gedonbehal
foft
heappl
i
cant
bef
orer
eject
ingt
heappl
i
cat
ion.
Al
i
cenceshal
lexpi
reatt
heendoft
heper
iodf
orwhi
chi
tisgr
ant
ed.
Par
ti
cul
arsofal
ll
icencesi
ssuedbyAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyundert
heseRegul
ati
onsi
n

connect
ionwi
tht
heuseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kshal
lbeent
eredi
nar
egi
ster

whi
chshal
lbemai
ntai
nedbyAPEDAonbehal
foft
heNAB.
Condi
ti
onsofaLi
cence-
TheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kshal
lbeappl
i
edi
nsuchmannerasi
tmaybeeasi
l
yvi
sibl
easa
di
sti
nctmar
kont
hepr
oduct
sort
hepackagi
ngoront
estcer
ti
fi
cat
esr
elat
ingt
oar
ti
cleswhi
ch
cannotbel
abel
edorcov
ered.TheCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kshal
lbeappl
i
edt
oonl
ysucht
ypes,
gr
ades,
classes,
var
iet
ies,
sizesoft
hepr
oduct
sforwhi
cht
hel
i
cencehasbeengr
ant
ed.The
manneri
nwhi
cht
hel
i
censeepr
oposest
opl
aceoruset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k,mustbe
appr
ovedbyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
WhenaCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
khasbeenspeci
fi
edi
nrespectofanar
ti
cleorpr
ocess,
noper
son

ot
hert
hant
hel
i
censeei
npossessi
onofav
ali
dli
cenceshal
lmakeanypubl
i
ccl
aim,
thr
oughany

adv
ert
isement
,sal
espr
omot
ionl
eaf
let
s,pr
icel
i
stsort
hel
i
ke,
thathi
spr
oductconf
ormst
othe

r
elev
antCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
korcar
ri
est
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k.

(
a)Ev
eryl
i
censeeshal
li
nst
it
uteandmai
ntai
n,t
othesat
isf
act
ionoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ion
Body
,asy
stem ofcont
rol
tokeepupt
hequal
i
tyofhi
spr
oduct
ionorpr
ocessbymeansofa
schemeoft
est
ingandi
nspect
ion,
soast
oensur
ethatt
hear
ti
clesorpr
ocess,
inr
espectof
whi
cht
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kisbei
ngused,
compl
ywi
tht
her
elev
antnor
msand
pr
ocedur
esoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyandt
heNPOP.

(
b)Thel
i
censeeshal
lmai
ntai
nacompl
eter
ecor
doft
het
est
sandi
nspect
ionandsuchot
her
dat
aasspeci
fi
edi
ntheschemef
ort
est
ingandi
nspect
ion,
toest
abl
i
sht
othesat
isf
act
ionof
t
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyt
hatt
her
equi
redcont
rol
ofpr
oduct
ionorpr
ocesshasbeen
andi
sbei
ngsat
isf
act
ori
l
ymai
ntai
ned.Suchr
ecor
dsshal
l
,ondemand,
bemadeav
ail
abl
efor
i
nspect
iont
otheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.

(
a)Anyl
i
cencegr
ant
edbyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymaybesuspendedor
cancel
l
edbyi
t,i
fiti
ssat
isf
ied:
-
i
.thatt
hepr
oduct
smar
kedwi
tht
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kunderal
i
cencedonot
compl
ywi
tht
her
elat
ednor
msandpr
ocedur
esaspr
escr
ibedi
ntheNPOP;
or
i
i
.thatt
hel
i
censeehadusedt
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinr
espectofapr
ocesswhi
chdoes
notcompl
ywi
tht
hepr
ocedur
esandspeci
fi
cat
ionspr
escr
ibedi
ntheNPOP;
or

i
i
i.t
hatt
hel
i
censeef
ail
edt
opr
ovi
der
easonabl
efaci
l
iti
est
otheAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyt
oenabl
ethem t
odi
schar
get
hedut
iesi
mposedont
hem;
or
i
v.t
hatt
hel
i
censeehasf
ail
edt
ocompl
ywi
thanyoft
het
ermsandcondi
ti
onsoft
hel
i
cence.(
b)

Bef
oret
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodysuspendsorcancel
sanyl
i
cence,
itshal
lgi
vet
hel
i
censee

notl
esst
hanf
our
teenday
snot
iceofi
tsi
ntent
iont
osuspendorcancel
the

l
i
cence.
(
c)Ont
her
ecei
ptofsuchnot
ice,
thel
i
censeemaysubmi
tanexpl
anat
iononi
tsbehal
ftot
he

Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodywi
thi
nfour
teenday
sfr
om t
her
ecei
ptoft
henot
ice.I
fan

expl
anat
ioni
ssubmi
tt
ed,
theAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayconsi
dert
heex
planat
ion
andgi
veahear
ingt
othel
i
censeewi
thi
nfour
teenday
sfr
om t
hedat
eofr
ecei
ptofsuch
expl
anat
ionorbef
oret
heexpi
ryoft
henot
icewhi
chev
eri
slonger
.
(
d)I
fnoexpl
anat
ioni
ssubmi
tt
ed,
theAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymay
,ont
heexpi
ryofper
iodof

t
henot
ice,
suspendorcancel
thel
i
cencebyaddr
essi
ngawr
it
tencommuni
cat
ionwi
thi
n14day
sof

t
heexpi
ryoft
heper
iodst
ipul
atedi
nsub-
par
agr
aph(
c)her
einabov
e.

(
e)Wher
eal
i
cencehasbeensuspendedorcancel
l
ed,
thel
i
censeeshal
lfor
thwi
th
di
scont
inuet
heuseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
knot
wit
hst
andi
ngt
hependencyof
anypr
oceedi
ngbef
oreanAr
bit
rat
orandi
fther
ebe,
wit
hthel
i
censeeorhi
sagent
s,any
ar
ti
clesi
nst
ockwhi
chhav
ebeeni
mpr
oper
lymar
ked,
thel
i
censeeorhi
sagent
s,ast
he
casemaybe,
shal
ltakest
epst
ogett
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
konsuchar
ti
clesei
ther
r
emov
ed,
cancel
l
ed,
def
acedorer
ased.
Whenal
i
cencehasbeensuspendedorcancel
l
ed,
theAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lso
adv
iset
hel
i
censeei
nwr
it
ingandpubl
i
shsuchasuspensi
onorcancel
l
ati
oni
namanneras
f
oundappr
opr
iat
ebyt
hesai
dAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
(
a)I
f,atanyt
ime,
ther
eissomedi
ff
icul
tyi
nmai
ntai
ningt
heconf
ormi
tyoft
hepr
oduct
orar
ti
clest
othespeci
fi
cat
ionori
fthet
est
ingequi
pmentgoesoutofor
der
,themar
king
oft
hepr
oductshal
lbest
oppedbyt
hel
i
censee,
underi
nti
mat
iont
otheAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.Themar
kingmayber
esumedassoonast
hedef
ect
sar
eremov
ed
andi
nfor
mat
ionr
egar
dingsuchr
esumpt
ionofmar
kingbesentt
otheAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,immedi
atel
yther
eaf
ter
.
(
b)I
f,atanyt
ime,
theAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyhassuf
fi
cientev
idencet
hatt
he
pr
oductcar
ryi
ngt
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kmaynotbeconf
ormi
ngt
odesi
gnat
ed
nor
msandpr
ocedur
es,
thel
i
censeeshal
lbedi
rect
edt
ost
opt
hemar
kingofsuch
pr
oduct
.Ther
esumpt
ionofmar
kingont
hepr
oductshal
lbeper
mit
tedbyt
he
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyaf
tersat
isf
yingi
tsel
fthatt
hel
i
censeehast
aken
necessar
yact
ionst
oremov
ethedef
ici
enci
es.
Thedeci
sionoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyf
orar
ri
vi
ngatsuchdeci
sionshal
l
becommuni
cat
ed,
inwr
it
ingbyr
egi
ster
edpost
,tot
heappl
i
cantort
hel
i
censee,
as
t
hecasemaybe.
Ani
nspect
ion,
speci
all
ymadeatt
her
equestofanappl
i
cantoral
i
censee,
shal
lbe
char
geabl
etot
heaccountoft
heappl
i
cantort
hel
i
censee.Char
gesf
orsuchspeci
al
i
nspect
ionori
nspect
ionsshal
lbesuchasmaybedeci
dedbyt
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
Whent
hedesi
gnat
ednor
msandpr
ocedur
esoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyar
ewi
thdr
awnand

notsuper
sededbyanyot
hernor
msandpr
ocedur
es,
anyl
i
cencei
ssuedi
n
r
espectt
her
eofshal
lbedeemedt
ohav
ebeencancel
l
edf
rom t
hedat
eofwi
thdr
awalof
suchdesi
gnat
ednor
msandpr
ocedur
esasst
atedabov
eandanysuchl
i
cenceshal
lbe
f
ort
hwi
thsur
render
edt
osuchAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodybyt
hel
i
censee.I
nthecaseof
suchcancel
l
edl
i
cence,apar
toft
hel
i
cencef
ee,i
fpai
dinadv
ance,pr
opor
ti
onat
etot
he
unexpi
redper
iodoft
hel
i
cenceshal
lbeadj
ust
edagai
nstanyf
utur
efeepay
abl
ebyt
he
l
i
censeeort
hesai
dpar
toft
hel
i
cencef
eecanber
efundeddependi
ngont
hedeci
sionsof
t
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
Thef
oll
owi
ngpr
ocedur
esshal
lappl
yint
hecaseofi
nspect
ioni
nrespectofanypr
oductor

pr
ocesswher
eal
i
cencef
ort
heuseofCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kinr
espectoft
hatar
ti
cleor

pr
ocesshasbeeni
ssued,
oranappl
i
cat
ionhasbeenmadef
oral
i
cence.

a.
When t
heAccr
edi
ted Cer
ti
fi
cat
ion Bodypr
oposest
oinspectt
hepr
ocessor
pr
oductofanappl
i
cant
,itshal
l
,pr
efer
abl
y,gi
ver
easonabl
enot
iceofi
tsv
isi
ttot
he
appl
i
cant
.Howev
er,wher
etheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodypr
oposest
oinspect
t
hepr
emi
sesofal
i
censee,
suchnot
icei
snotnecessar
y;
b.I
fdur
ingani
nspect
ion,
theAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodywi
shest
otakeoneormor
esampl
esof

anypr
oduct
,mat
eri
alorsubst
ance,i
tshal
ldosoi
nthepr
esenceoft
heappl
i
cantorar
esponsi
ble

per
sonbel
ongi
ngt
otheest
abl
i
shmentoft
heappl
i
cant
,ast
hecasemaybe;

c.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayati
tsdi
scr
eti
on,andshal
lift
heappl
i
cantort
he
r
esponsi
bleper
sonbel
ongi
ngt
otheest
abl
i
shmentdemandsi
t,t
akedupl
i
cat
esampl
esand
gi
veonesampl
etot
heappl
i
cantorsuchr
esponsi
bleper
son;
d.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayati
tsdi
scr
eti
on,andshal
lift
heappl
i
cantort
he
r
esponsi
bleper
sonbel
ongi
ngt
otheest
abl
i
shmentdemandsi
t,pl
aceeachsuchsampl
ein
acov
eri
ngandj
oint
lysealeachsampl
e.I
nthecaseofsampl
esdr
awnbyt
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodywhi
chcannotbesoseal
ed,suchsampl
esshal
lbemar
kedwi
thcer
tai
n
i
dent
if
icat
iont
oest
abl
i
sht
hei
rident
it
y;
e.I
mpr
essi
onoft
heseal
sanddet
ail
sofi
dent
if
icat
ionshal
lbegi
veni
ntheAccr
edi
ted

Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
’sr
epor
t.Thesampl
esshal
lbel
abel
edgi
vi
ngcompl
etedet
ail
s;and

f
.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lgi
vear
ecei
ptf
orasampl
eorsampl
es
t
akenandr
etai
nadupl
i
cat
ecopyoft
her
ecei
ptdul
ysi
gnedbyt
heper
soni
n
whosepr
esencet
hesampl
ewast
aken.
TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayt
akesampl
esofpr
oduct
smar
kedwi
tht
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
ade

Mar
kfr
om t
hegodownsoranysuchpr
emi
sesofanyagentoft
heappl
i
cantorf
rom t
hear
ti
clesput

upf
orsal
eint
heopenmar
ketbyt
heappl
i
cantori
tsagent
.

TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lar
rangeatl
eastonei
nspect
ionv
isi
tina
y
eari
nrespectofeachl
i
cencegr
ant
ed.
 TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lmakeadet
ail
edr
epor
tofev
eryi
nspect
ion
madebyi
t.

Ev
eryappl
i
cat
ionf
ort
hegr
antofal
i
cenceshal
lbeaccompani
edbyaf
ee
pay
abl
etot
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyandwhi
chshal
lnotexceedt
hef
ee
pr
escr
ibedf
ort
hispur
posebyt
heNABf
rom t
imet
oti
me.
Nosuchf
eeorpar
tther
eofshal
l
,inanyci
rcumst
ances,
ber
efunded,
excepti
n
t
heev
entofoper
ati
onofpar
agr
aph5(
10)her
ein.
Under
taki
ng
Pr
iort
ogr
antofl
i
cence,
theappl
i
cantshal
lsi
gnanunder
taki
ngt
otheef
fectt
hathewi
l
l
makenocl
aim,di
rectori
mpl
i
ed,t
hatt
hel
i
cencet
obegr
ant
edr
elat
est
oanypr
oduct
s
orpr
ocessesot
hert
hant
hoset
hatwi
l
lbesetouti
nthel
i
cence.
Sur
vei
l
lanceandr
egul
arr
evi
ew–
a.Thegr
antofal
i
cenceshal
lbef
oll
owedbysur
vei
l
lancev
isi
ts.Thef
requencyand
ext
entofv
isi
tsshal
lbedet
ermi
nedbyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
b.Thesur
vei
l
lancev
isi
tsmaybewi
thoutnot
icet
otheappl
i
cantt
oensur
ethatt
he
sy
stemsandpr
ocedur
esal
readyassessedar
ebei
ngmai
ntai
ned.
c.Thespeci
alr
eassessmentv
isi
tshal
lbenecessar
ywher
eanappl
i
cantf
ail
sto obser
vet
he
condi
ti
onsoft
hel
i
cenceorwher
ether
ehav
ebeensi
gni
fi
cantchangesi
ntheor
gani
zat
ionoft
he
appl
i
cant
.Thel
i
censeeshal
lbel
i
abl
efort
hecost
sofsuchspeci
alv
isi
ts.

UseofCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
k
Thel
i
censeemayuset
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
konl
yasaut
hor
izedbyt
he
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
Publ
i
cit
y
a.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lmai
ntai
nal
i
stofl
i
censeesandmakei
tav
ail
abl
eto

APEDA;
b.Thel
i
stshal
lbeupdat
edper
iodi
cal
l
y;
c.Thel
i
censeeshal
li
nfor
m pot
ent
ial
cust
omer
s,pur
chaser
sorpur
chasi
ngaut
hor
it
ies
oft
hef
ull
andexactdet
ail
soft
hel
i
cence;
d.Thel
i
censeeshal
ldi
spl
ayt
hel
i
cencei
nhi
spr
emi
ses;
e.Thel
i
censeeshal
lmakeuseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kasaut
hor
ized;
f
.Thel
i
censeeshal
lst
atei
ndocument
ati
onbr
ochur
esort
hroughadv
ert
isi
ngmedi
athatt
he
or
gani
zat
ionorl
ocat
iont
owhi
cht
hel
i
cenceappl
i
eshav
ebeenassessedandappr
ovedbyt
he
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.Insuchadv
ert
isementt
hest
andar
dsper
tai
ningt
othepr
oduct
s
orpr
ocessf
orwhi
chal
i
cencehasbeengr
ant
edi
stobest
atedandahi
gherl
evel
ofappr
oval
t
hangr
ant
edi
snott
obei
mpl
i
ed;
g.Anappl
i
cantwhohasbeengr
ant
edal
i
cencef
ort
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kshal
lnot
cl
aim ori
mpl
ythatt
hepr
oductmanuf
act
uredbyhi
m hasbeencer
ti
fi
edorappr
ovedbyt
he
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyunl
esshei
shol
dingav
ali
dli
cencef
ort
hatpr
oductunder
t
her
ecogni
zedpr
oductcer
ti
fi
cat
ionschemeoft
heNAB.
Obl
i
gat
ionsoft
heappl
i
cant
Anappl
i
cantongr
antofal
i
cencet
ouseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kshal
l
:
a.atal
lti
mescompl
ywi
tht
her
equi
rement
soft
hel
i
cenceassetoutt
her
einand
compl
ywi
tht
heseRegul
ati
onsoranyamendment
sther
eto;
b.onl
ycl
aimt
hati
tishol
dingal
i
cencei
nrespectoft
hecapabi
l
itywhi
chi
sthesubj
ect
oft
hel
i
cenceandwhi
chr
elat
est
othepr
oduct
sorpr
ocessesi
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
l
i
cencer
equi
rement
s;
c.notuset
hel
i
cencei
nanymannert
owhi
cht
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayobj
ectandshal
l
notmakeanyst
atementconcer
ningt
heaut
hor
it
yoft
heappl
i
cant
’suseoft
hel
i
cencewhi
chi
nthe
opi
nionoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymaybemi
sleadi
ng;

d.submi
ttot
he Accr
edi
ted Cer
ti
fi
cat
ion Bodyf
orappr
ovalt
he f
orm i
n whi
ch i
t
pr
oposest
ousei
tsl
i
cenceorpr
oposest
omaker
efer
encest
othel
i
cence;
e.uponsuspensi
onort
ermi
nat
ionoft
hel
i
cence,howev
erdet
ermi
ned,di
scont
inuei
ts
usef
ort
hwi
thandwi
thdr
awal
lpr
omot
ionalandadv
ert
isi
ngmat
terwhi
chcont
ainsany
r
efer
encet
her
eto;
f
.per
mitaccesst
otheI
nspect
oroft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyf
orpur
posesofassessment
,
audi
torsur
vei
l
lance.Thel
i
censeeshal
lgi
vef
ull
det
ail
sofal
lact
ionst
akeni
nresponset
ofi
eld
pr
obl
emsar
isi
ngf
rom al
l
egat
ionsofdef
ect
sinpr
oduct
sorpr
ocessescov
eredi
nthel
i
cenceand
al
l
owt
heI
nspect
oroft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyaccesst
oal
lrel
evantr
ecor
dsand
document
sfort
hepur
poseofv
eri
fyi
ngsuchdet
ail
s;
g.ber
equi
redt
opr
oduceev
idenceofcont
inui
ngoper
ati
onsf
ort
hepr
oduct
sorpr
ocessescov
ered
byt
hel
i
cence.Thel
i
censeeshal
lnot
if
ytheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyi
nwr
it
ingof
di
scont
inuancei
nsuchoper
ati
onsexceedi
ngt
hreemont
hs.Di
scont
inuanceofal
i
cencei
nexcess
ofsi
xmont
hsormor
emayl
eadt
ocancel
l
ati
onofl
i
cence.I
nsuchcases,
anewappl
i
cat
ionshal
lbe
l
odgedwi
tht
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyandanassessmentv
isi
twi
l
lbenecessar
ypr
iort
o
gr
antofanewl
i
cence;

h.payal
lfi
nanci
alduest
otheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyi
nthemannerpr
escr
ibed
byi
t,ev
enf
ort
heper
iodofdi
scont
inuanceorsuspensi
onofl
i
cence.
Sur
renderofLi
cence
Al
i
cencemaybesur
render
edbyt
hel
i
censeeatanyt
imei
nwr
it
ingt
otheAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.Int
hecaseofsur
render
,thel
i
censeeshal
lret
urnt
hel
i
cencewi
thal
l
t
her
elat
eddocument
stot
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
Power
soft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayati
tsdi
scr
eti
on:
a.Ref
uset
ogr
antal
i
cenceorext
endi
tsscopeorcanceloral
tersoast
oreducet
hescopeoft
he
l
i
cencepr
ovi
dedt
hatt
her
efusal
,cancel
l
ati
onoral
ter
ati
oni
sar
ecommendat
ionoft
heI
nspect
orof
t
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyast
owhi
chadeci
sionbyt
hecommi
tt
eeconst
it
utedbyt
he
Accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lbeconcl
usi
ve.Ther
efusalt
oreneworcancelal
i
cencef
orf
ail
ure
t
o di
schar
gei
tsobl
i
gat
ionsshal
lbebased on t
her
epor
toft
heI
nspect
oroft
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyonassessment
/audi
tdur
ingsur
vei
l
lanceandr
egul
arr
evi
ew.Suchdeci
sionsshal
l
becommuni
cat
edt
othel
i
censeei
nwr
it
ing;

b.TheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lbeent
it
ledt
osuspendal
i
cencei
fther
ear
e
suf
fi
cientgr
oundsofnon-
compl
i
anceoft
hef
oll
owi
ng:
i
)ifsur
vei
l
lancebyt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodypr
ovesnon-
conf
ormi
tyt
othe
r
elev
antr
equi
rement
s,buti
mmedi
atet
ermi
nat
ioni
snotconsi
der
ednecessar
y;
i
i
)ifi
mpr
operuseoft
hel
i
cence,
rel
ateddocument
s,i
snotr
emedi
edt
othe
sat
isf
act
ionoft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
;
i
i
i)i
fther
ehasbeenanycont
rav
ent
ionoft
hepr
ocedur
essetoutbyt
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
;
i
v)i
fthel
i
censeef
ail
stomeetf
inanci
alobl
i
gat
ionst
otheAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
;and

v
)onanyot
hergr
oundsspeci
fi
cal
l
ypr
ovi
dedf
orundert
hepr
ocedur
es,
rul
esor
f
ormal
l
yagr
eedbet
weent
hel
i
censeeandt
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
c.
Wher
eal
i
cencehasbeensuspendedorcancel
l
edont
heexpi
ryoft
heper
iodofi
ts
v
ali
dit
y,t
hel
i
censeeshal
lfor
thwi
thdi
scont
inuet
heuseoft
hel
i
cencenot
wit
hst
andi
ngt
he
pendencyofanyAppeali
nter
msofpar
a16her
einaf
terandshal
lret
urnt
hel
i
cenceand
r
elat
eddocument
stot
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
d.
Wher
ethe l
i
censee i
s unabl
e,i
nar
easonabl
e per
iod oft
ime,t
orect
if
y any
def
ici
enci
es,whi
chmakest
hel
i
censeeunabl
etocompl
ywi
tht
her
equi
rement
soft
his
scheme,t
hel
i
cencemaybecancel
l
ed.Cancel
l
ati
onoft
hel
i
cencei
nsuchcaseshal
l
r
equi
ret
hel
i
censeet
olodgeaf
reshappl
i
cat
ionf
oll
owedbyt
hepr
ocedur
epr
escr
ibedi
n
t
heser
egul
ati
onsf
ort
hegr
antofanewl
i
cence.

Mi
suseofl
i
cence
Thel
i
censeeshal
lbedeemedt
ohav
emi
susedt
hel
i
cence,
ifi
tdoesnotceaset
odi
spl
ayor
ot
her
wiseuset
hel
i
cencef
oruseoft
heCer
ti
fi
cat
ionTr
adeMar
kimmedi
atel
yaf
ter
:

a.Sur
renderofl
i
cence,
suspensi
onorcancel
l
ati
on;
b.Thel
i
censeehasf
ail
edt
oimpl
ementchangesasadv
isedbyt
heAccr
edi
ted
Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
.
Appeal
s
Anyappealar
isi
ngf
rom anyor
deroft
heAccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lbef
inal
l
y
set
tl
edt
hroughar
bit
rat
iont
obehel
donl
yinNewDel
hibyasol
ear
bit
rat
ori
naccor
dancewi
th
t
hepr
ovi
sionsoft
heI
ndi
anAr
bit
rat
ionandConci
l
iat
ionAct
,1996.Thesol
ear
bit
rat
orshal
lbe
j
oint
lynomi
nat
edbyt
hedi
sput
ingpar
ti
esandi
ntheev
entt
hepar
ti
esar
eunabl
etor
eachany
under
standi
ng,t
hesameshal
lbedeci
dedbyt
heHi
ghCour
tofappr
opr
iat
ejur
isdi
cti
on.Any
awar
dmadebyt
hear
bit
rat
ori
npur
suanceofanar
bit
rat
ionasst
atedi
nthi
scl
auseshal
lbe
concl
usi
veandbi
ndi
ngont
hepar
ti
est
her
eto.
ORGANI
CFOODPROCESSI
NGANDHANDLI
NG
Speci
fi
cRequi
rement
s
Anyhandl
i
ngandpr
ocessi
ngofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sshoul
dbeopt
imi
zedt
o
mai
ntai
nthequal
i
tyandi
ntegr
it
yoft
hepr
oduct
.
Theoper
atormustdev
elopanor
gani
cpr
oduct
ionandhandl
i
ngpl
an.Anor
gani
c
pr
oduct
ionandhandl
i
ngpl
anmusti
ncl
ude:
(
i) Descr
ipt
ionofpr
act
icesandpr
ocedur
est
obeper
for
med
(
ii
) Li
stofeachsubst
ances/
input
suseddur
ingpr
oduct
ion,st
orageandhandl
i
ng
i
ndi
cat
ingi
tscomposi
ti
on,
sour
ce,
locat
ionswher
eitwi
l
lbeusedanddocument
ati
onof
commer
cialav
ail
abi
l
ityasappl
i
cabl
e.Theappr
ovedi
ngr
edi
ent
sandaddi
ti
vesusedi
n
f
oodpr
ocessi
ngofor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
(
ii
i) Descr
ipt
ionoft
hemoni
tor
ingpr
act
icesandpr
ocedur
esf
oll
owedandmai
ntai
ned
t
over
if
ythepl
ani
sef
fect
ivel
yimpl
ement
ed
(
iv) Descr
ipt
ionoft
her
ecor
dkeepi
ngsy
stem i
mpl
ement
edt
ocompl
ywi
tht
he
r
equi
rement
sofNPOP
(
v) Descr
ipt
ionoft
hemanagementpr
act
icesandsepar
ati
onmeasur
esest
abl
i
shedt
opr
event

commi
ngl
i
ngofor
gani
candnonor
gani
cpr
oduct
sdur
ingpar
all
elpr
ocessi
ngandhandl
i
ng

(
vi) Pol
l
uti
onsour
cesshal
lbei
dent
if
iedandcont
ami
nat
ionav
oided.
(
vi) Pr
ocessi
ngandhandl
i
ngofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sshoul
dbedonesepar
atel
yint
ime
orpl
acef
rom handl
i
ngandpr
ocessi
ngofnon-
organi
cpr
oduct
s.
(
vii
) Al
lpr
oduct
sshal
lbeadequat
elyi
dent
if
iedt
hrought
hewhol
epr
ocess.
(
vii
i
) Cer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammeshal
lregul
atet
hemeansandmeasur
est
obeal
l
owed.
(
ix) Recommendedf
ordecont
ami
nat
ion,
cleani
ngordi
sinf
ect
ionsofal
lfaci
l
iti
es
wher
eor
gani
cpr
oduct
sar
ekept
,handl
ed,
processedorst
ored.

(
i) Pest
sshoul
dbeav
oidedbygoodmanuf
act
uri
ngpr
act
ices.Thi
sincl
udesgener
al
cl
eanl
i
nessandhy
giene.
(
ii
) Tr
eat
ment
swi
thpestr
egul
ati
ngagent
smustt
husber
egar
dedast
hel
astr
esor
t.
(
ii
i) Recommendedt
reat
ment
sar
ephy
sicalbar
ri
ers,
sound,
ult
ra-
sound,
li
ghtandUV-
l
i
ght
,tr
aps(
incl
.pher
omonet
rapsandst
ati
cbai
ttr
aps)
,temper
atur
econt
rol
,cont
rol
l
ed
at
mospher
eanddi
atomaceousear
th.
(
iv) Apl
anf
orpestpr
event
ionandpestcont
rol
shoul
dbedev
eloped.
(
v) Forpestmanagementandcont
rol
thef
oll
owi
ngmeasur
esshal
lbeusedi
nor
der
ofpr
ior
it
y:
•
Prev
ent
ivemet
hodssuchasdi
srupt
ion,
eli
minat
ionofhabi
tatandaccesst
ofaci
l
iti
es

•
Mechani
cal
,phy
sical
andbi
ologi
cal
met
hods

•
Pest
ici
dal
subst
ancescont
ainedi
ntheAppendi
cesoft
henat
ional
standar
ds

•
Othersubst
ancesusedi
ntr
aps

(
vi) I
rr
adi
ati
oni
spr
ohi
bit
ed.
(
vii
) Ther
eshal
lnev
erbedi
rectori
ndi
rectcont
actbet
weenor
gani
cpr
oduct
sand
pr
ohi
bit
edsubst
ances.(
e.g.pest
ici
des)
.Incaseofdoubt
,itshal
lbeensur
edt
hatno
r
esi
duesar
epr
esenti
ntheor
gani
cpr
oduct
.
(
vii
i
) Per
sist
entorcar
cinogeni
cpest
ici
desanddi
sinf
ect
ant
sar
enotper
mit
ted.

I
ngr
edi
ent
s
(
i) 100%oft
hei
ngr
edi
ent
susedi
npr
ocessi
ngshal
lbeor
gani
cexceptwher
eanor
gani
c
i
ngr
edi
enti
snotav
ail
abl
einsuf
fi
cientqual
i
tyorquant
it
y,nonor
gani
cingr
edi
ent
smaybe
usedt
oami
nimum ext
entonl
yincaseofessent
ialt
echnol
ogi
calneedorf
orpar
ti
cul
ar
nut
ri
ti
onalpur
pose.Suchnonor
gani
crawmat
eri
alshal
lnotbegenet
ical
l
yengi
neer
ed.The
accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodymayaut
hor
izet
heuseofnon-
organi
crawmat
eri
alssubj
ectt
o
per
iodi
cre-
eval
uat
ion.
(
ii
) Thesamei
ngr
edi
entwi
thi
nonepr
oductshal
lnotbeder
ivedbot
hfr
om an
or
gani
candnon-
organi
cor
igi
n.
(
ii
i) Pr
epar
ati
ons of mi
cro-
organi
sms and enzy
mes commonl
y used i
nfood
pr
ocessi
ngmaybeused,
wit
htheexcept
ionofgenet
ical
l
yengi
neer
edmi
cro-
organi
sms
andt
hei
rpr
oduct
s.Fort
hepr
oduct
ionofenzy
mesandot
hermi
cro-
biol
ogi
calpr
oduct
s,
t
hemedi
um shal
lbecomposedofor
gani
cingr
edi
ent
s.
(
iv) Wat
erandsal
tmaybeusedi
nor
gani
cpr
oduct
s
(
v) Mi
ner
als(
incl
udi
ngt
raceel
ement
s),v
itami
nsandsi
mil
ari
sol
atedi
ngr
edi
ent
sshal
lnot
beused.Thecer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
ammemay
,gr
antexcept
ionswher
eusei
slegal
l
yrequi
redor
wher
esev
eredi
etar
y,ornut
ri
ti
onal
def
ici
encycanbedemonst
rat
ed.
(
vi) Et
hyl
enegasi
sper
mit
tedf
orr
ipeni
ng

(
i) Pr
ocessi
ngmet
hodsshoul
dbebasedonmechani
cal
,phy
sical
andbi
ologi
cal
processes.
(
ii
) Thev
italqual
i
tyofanor
gani
cingr
edi
entshal
lbemai
ntai
nedt
hroughouteachst
ep
ofi
tspr
ocessi
ngmet
hodsandshal
lbechosent
oli
mitt
henumberandquant
it
yofaddi
ti
ves
andpr
ocessi
ngai
ds.Thef
oll
owi
ngki
ndsofpr
ocessesar
eappr
oved:
•
Mechani
cal
andphy
sical

• Bi
ologi
cal
• Smoki
ng
• Ext
ract
ion
• Pr
eci
pit
ati
on
• Fi
l
trat
ion
(
ii
i) Ext
ract
ionshal
lbeei
therwi
thwat
er,et
hanol
,pl
antandani
maloi
l
s,v
inegar
,
car
bondi
oxi
de,ni
tr
ogenorcar
boxy
li
caci
ds.Theseshal
lbeoff
oodgr
adequal
i
ty,
appr
opr
iat
efort
hepur
pose
(
iv) Fi
l
trat
ionsubst
ancesshal
lnotbemadeofasbest
osnormayt
heybeper
meat
ed
wi
thsubst
anceswhi
chmaynegat
ivel
yaf
fectt
hepr
oduct
.
(
v) I
rr
adi
ati
oni
snotal
l
owed.
Packagi
ng
(
i) Bi
odegr
adabl
e,r
ecy
clabl
e,r
eusabl
esy
stemsandeco-
fr
iendl
ypackagi
ng
mat
eri
alsshal
lbeusedwher
everpossi
ble
(
ii
) Mat
eri
alusedf
orpackagi
ngshal
lnotcont
ami
nat
efood.Cer
tai
naddi
ti
vesf
oruse
i
nmanuf
act
uri
ngofpackagi
ngf
il
msf
orpackagi
ngofor
gani
cfoodst
uff
sar
eal
l
owed
f
orr
est
ri
cteduse.
(
ii
i) Thepackagesshal
lbecl
osedi
nsuchamannert
hatsubst
it
uti
onoft
hecont
ent
cannotbeachi
evedwi
thoutmani
pul
ati
onordamageoft
heseal
.
(
iv) Theaccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lappr
ovet
hepackagi
ngmat
eri
alf
oruse.

Label
l
ing
Label
i
ngRequi
rement
s:
(
i) Label
l
ingshal
lconv
eycl
earandaccur
atei
nfor
mat
ionont
heor
gani
cst
atusof
t
hepr
oduct
.
(
ii
) Whent
hef
ull
standar
dsr
equi
rement
sar
eful
fi
ll
ed,
product
sshal
lbesol
das
"
produceofor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e"orasi
mil
ardescr
ipt
ion.
(
ii
i) Thel
abel
forconv
ersi
onpr
oduct
sshal
lbecl
ear
lydi
sti
ngui
shabl
efr
om t
hel
abel
f
oror
gani
cpr
oduct
sbyment
ioni
ngt
hey
earofconv
ersi
on.
(
iv) Thenameandaddr
essoft
heper
sonorcompanyl
egal
l
yresponsi
blef
ort
he
pr
oduct
ionorpr
ocessi
ngoft
hepr
oductshal
lbement
ionedont
hel
abel
.
(
v) Pr
oductl
abel
sshoul
dli
stpr
ocessi
ngpr
ocedur
es,whi
chi
nfl
uencet
hepr
oduct
pr
oper
ti
es i
n a way noti
mmedi
atel
y obv
ious.Al
lcomponent
s ofaddi
ti
ves and
pr
ocessi
ngai
dsshal
lbedecl
ared.
(
vi) Addi
ti
onal
producti
nfor
mat
ionshal
lbemadeav
ail
abl
eonr
equest
.
(
vii
) I
ngr
edi
ent
sorpr
oduct
sder
ivedf
rom wi
l
dpr
oduct
ionshal
lbedecl
aredassuch.

(
i) Si
ngl
eingr
edi
entpr
oduct
smaybel
abel
l
edas"
Organi
c"whenal
lst
andar
d
r
equi
rement
shav
ebeenmet
.
(
ii
) Mul
tii
ngr
edi
entpr
oduct
swher
enotal
li
ngr
edi
ent
s,i
ncl
udi
ngaddi
ti
ves,
areof
or
gani
cor
igi
nmaybel
abel
l
edi
nthef
oll
owi
ngway(
rawmat
eri
alwei
ght
):
•Wher
eami
nimum of95%oft
hei
ngr
edi
ent
sar
eofcer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cor
igi
n,pr
oduct
s
may be l
abel
l
ed "
cer
ti
fi
ed or
gani
c"orsi
mil
arand shoul
d car
ryt
he l
ogo oft
he
cer
ti
fi
cat
ionpr
ogr
amme.
•Wher
elesst
han95%butnotl
esst
han70%oft
hei
ngr
edi
ent
sar
eofcer
ti
fi
edor
gani
c
or
igi
n,pr
oduct
smaynotbecal
l
ed"
organi
c".Thewor
d"or
gani
c"maybeusedont
he
pr
inci
paldi
spl
ayi
nst
atement
sli
ke"
madewi
thor
gani
cingr
edi
ent
s"pr
ovi
dedt
her
eisa
cl
earst
atementoft
hepr
opor
ti
onoft
heor
gani
cingr
edi
ent
s.Ani
ndi
cat
iont
hatt
he
pr
oducti
s cov
ered byt
he cer
ti
fi
cat
ion pr
ogr
amme shoul
d be used,cl
ose t
othe
i
ndi
cat
ionofpr
opor
ti
onofor
gani
cingr
edi
ent
s.
•Wher
elesst
han70%oft
hei
ngr
edi
ent
sar
eofcer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cor
igi
n,t
hei
ndi
cat
ion
t
hatani
ngr
edi
enti
sor
gani
cmayappeari
nthei
ngr
edi
ent
sli
st.Suchpr
oductmaynotbe
cal
l
ed"
organi
c".
(
ii
i) Addedwat
erandsal
tshal
lnotbei
ncl
udedi
ntheper
cent
agecal
cul
ati
onsofor
gani
c
i
ngr
edi
ent
s.Foraquacul
tur
epr
oduct
stheuseofi
odi
zedsal
tshal
lber
efer
redont
hel
abel
s.
(
iv) Al
lrawmat
eri
alsofamul
ti
-i
ngr
edi
entpr
oductshal
lbel
i
stedont
hepr
oductl
abeli
nor
derof
t
hei
rwei
ghtper
cent
age.I
tshal
lbeappar
entwhi
chr
awmat
eri
alsar
eofor
gani
ccer
ti
fi
edor
igi
nand
whi
char
enot
.Al
laddi
ti
vesshal
lbel
i
stedwi
tht
hei
rful
lname.

(
v) I
fher
bsand/
orspi
cesconst
it
utel
esst
han2%oft
het
otal
wei
ghtoft
hepr
oduct
,
t
heymaybel
i
stedas"
spi
ces"or"
her
bs"wi
thoutst
ati
ngt
heper
cent
age.
(
vi) Or
gani
c pr
oduct
s shal
lnotbe l
abel
l
ed as GE (
genet
ic engi
neer
ing)orGM (
genet
ic
modi
fi
cat
ion)f
reei
nor
dert
o av
oid pot
ent
ial
l
ymi
sleadi
ng cl
aimsaboutt
heend pr
oduct
.Any
r
efer
encet
ogenet
icengi
neer
ingonpr
oductl
abel
sshal
lbel
i
mit
edt
othepr
oduct
ionmet
hod.

(
vii
) Thel
abel
ofacer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cpr
oductmustdepi
ctt
henameandl
ogooft
he
accr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBody
,accr
edi
tat
ionnumberandI
ndi
aOr
gani
cLogo
(
vii
i
) Theaccr
edi
tedCer
ti
fi
cat
ionBodyshal
lver
if
ythel
abel
l
ingr
equi
rementandappr
ovet
he

l
abel
soft
hei
rcer
ti
fi
edoper
ator
sbef
oret
hel
abel
sar
eused
7. St
orage&Tr
anspor
t
(
i) Or
gani
cpr
oduct
sshal
lbest
oredatambi
entt
emper
atur
e.Thef
oll
owi
ngspeci
al
condi
ti
onsofst
oragear
eper
mit
ted
•
Cont
rol
l
edat
mospher
e

• Cool
i
ng
• Fr
eezi
ng
• Dr
ying
• Humi
dit
yregul
ati
on
(
ii
) Pr
oducti
ntegr
it
yshoul
dbemai
ntai
neddur
ingst
orageandt
ranspor
tat
ionof
or
gani
cpr
oduct
s.Or
gani
cPr
oduct
smustbepr
otect
edatal
lti
mesf
rom co-
mingl
i
ng
wi
th non-
organi
c pr
oduct
s and f
rom cont
actwi
th mat
eri
als and subst
ances not
per
mit
tedf
orusei
nor
gani
cfar
mingandhandl
i
ng.
(
ii
i) Wher
eonl
ypar
toft
heuni
tiscer
ti
fi
edandot
herpr
oduct
sar
enon-
organi
c,t
he
or
gani
cpr
oduct
sshoul
dbest
oredandhandl
edsepar
atel
ytomai
ntai
nthei
rident
it
y.
(
iv) Bul
kst
oresf
oror
gani
cpr
oductshoul
dbesepar
atef
rom conv
ent
ional
product
st
oresandcl
ear
lyl
abel
edt
othatef
fect
.
(
v) St
oragear
easandt
ranspor
tcont
ainer
sforor
gani
cpr
oductshoul
dbecl
eanedusi
ng
met
hodsandmat
eri
alsper
mit
tedi
nor
gani
cpr
oduct
ion.Measur
esshoul
dbet
akent
o
pr
eventpossi
blecont
ami
nat
ionf
rom anypest
ici
deorot
hert
reat
ment
.
Economi
cconsi
der
ati
onsandv
iabi
l
ityofor
gani
cfar
mingi
nIndi
a
Conv
ent
ional
agr
icul
tur
eisenv
ironment
all
yunsust
ainabl
e.And,
iti
sami
snomer
t
hator
gani
cfar
mingi
seconomi
cal
l
yunv
iabl
e
I
ndi
ahol
dsauni
queposi
ti
onamong172count
ri
espr
act
isi
ngor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
e:
i
thas6,
50,
000or
gani
cpr
oducer
s,699pr
ocessor
s,669expor
ter
sand7,
20,
000hect
ares
undercul
ti
vat
ion.But
,wi
thmer
ely0.
4percentoft
otalagr
icul
tur
all
andunderor
gani
c
cul
ti
vat
ion,
thei
ndust
ryhasal
ongj
our
neyahead.
I
n2017,t
heI
ndi
anor
gani
cexpor
tanddomest
icmar
ketgr
ewby30and40per
centr
espect
ivel
y,andwi
l
lsust
ainpr
imar
il
yduet
oani
ncr
easi
ngnumberofaf
fl
uentand
heal
th consci
ous consumer
s.As t
he i
ndust
rycont
inues t
o gr
ow,i
tfaces uni
que
chal
l
enges.Duet
orel
ati
vel
ysmal
lvol
umes,t
hecost
sofor
gani
cfoodpr
oduct
sar
e
r
elat
ivel
yhi
gh.Thecostofcul
ti
vat
ioni
ncr
easesasi
ttakesmor
eti
meandener
gyt
o
pr
oducet
hani
tschemi
cal
-i
ntensi
vecount
erpar
t.
Suppl
y-
demandmi
smat
ch
Hi
ghdemandandl
ow suppl
yhasf
urt
hercr
eat
edani
nfl
ati
onar
ypr
essur
eonor
gani
cfood

pr
oduct
s.Thi
ssuppl
y-
demandmi
smat
chcanbeeasedf
undament
all
ybymaki
ngor
gani
c

pr
oduct
ionmai
nst
ream wi
thl
ocat
ion-
speci
fi
chy
bri
dpr
oduct
ionst
rat
egi
es.Speci
ali
sedf
armer
t
rai
ningcost
s,hi
gherpr
ocessi
ngandi
nvent
oryhol
dingcost
s,andi
ncr
easedpackagi
ng,l
ogi
sti
csand

di
str
ibut
ioncost
saddt
othepr
iceofendpr
oduct
s.Nev
ert
hel
ess,i
nvest
ment
sinachi
evi
ngoper
ati
ons

excel
l
encebycompani
eswi
l
lfaci
l
itat
elower
ingt
hecostofor
gani
cfoodpr
oduct
s.

Theabsenceofor
gani
cfoodpr
oduct
sacr
ossal
lsegment
sint
hemar
keti
saconcer
n.
Consumer
sfi
ndl
i
ttl
eval
uebuy
ingl
i
mit
edor
gani
cpr
oduct
satapr
emi
um whenr
estoft
hef
oodst
uff
t
heyconsumei
snon-
organi
c.Pr
ospect
sar
eimmenseont
hesuppl
ysi
deascur
rent
lyor
gani
cal
l
y
cul
ti
vat
edcr
opar
easr
epr
esentonl
yasmal
lfr
act
ionoft
het
otalacr
eageoft
hesecr
ops.Thegood
newsi
sthatt
henumberofor
gani
cfoodcat
egor
ieshasgr
ownt
omor
ethan200,i
ncl
udi
ngt
ea,
spi
ces,f
lour
,cer
eal
s,f
rui
ts,v
eget
abl
es,mi
l
k,and honey
.In or
dert
o sust
ain consumert
rust
,
mai
ntai
ninganaccur
ateaudi
tst
ream,
andpr
event
ingcr
oss-
cont
ami
nat
ionwi
thconv
ent
ionalgoods
woul
dbecr
uci
al.

Manyf
armer
sar
eappr
ehensi
veaboutadopt
ingor
gani
cfar
mingduet
othehi
gh
pr
oduct
ioncostandt
het
hree-
yeart
ransi
ti
onper
iodwhenf
armer
shav
etowai
tbef
ore
get
ti
ngt
hei
rfar
mscer
ti
fi
ed.
Ther
ehasbeenacont
ent
iousdebat
eont
hesust
ainabi
l
ityofor
gani
cfar
ming.Thought
her
e
i
slowery
iel
d,t
hese f
arms ar
e mor
e pr
ofi
tabl
e and env
ironment
all
yfr
iendl
y,pr
ovi
de sev
eral
ecosy
stem ser
vices,numer
oussoci
albenef
it
sand del
i
vernut
ri
ti
ousf
oodswi
thr
elat
ivel
yless
pest
ici
der
esi
duescompar
ed t
o conv
ent
ionalf
armi
ng.Or
gani
cal
l
ymanaged soi
l
srel
easel
ess
car
bondi
oxi
deperhect
arepery
eart
hanconv
ent
ional
l
ymanagedsoi
l
s.New st
udi
esi
ndi
cat
ethat
usi
ngt
hebestmanagementpr
act
icesi
nor
gani
csy
stemsov
eral
ongper
iodoft
imecanpr
oduce
equal
yiel
ds,
orev
enout
dot
hoseofconv
ent
ional
syst
ems.

Mor
eawar
enessr
equi
red
Ther
eisl
ow awar
enessatt
hepr
oducerl
evelon t
hedi
ff
erencebet
ween conv
ent
ional
f
armi
ngandor
gani
cfar
ming.Att
heconsumerl
evelt
her
eisconf
usi
onbet
weennat
uralandor
gani
c
pr
oduct
sandl
i
mit
edunder
standi
ngoft
heheal
thbenef
it
sofor
gani
cfoodpr
oduct
s.I
naddi
ti
on,
consumer
sar
efacedwi
thapl
ethor
aofdeci
sionsar
oundbr
ands— i
mpor
tedordomest
ic,pr
oduct
qual
i
ty,aut
hent
ici
tyofcl
aimsandcer
ti
fi
cat
ions.I
tiscr
it
icalf
orcompani
esi
nvol
vedi
ntheor
gani
c
f
oodbusi
nesst
oincr
easeawar
enessamongconsumer
sinnon-
met
roci
ti
es.Pr
ogr
essi
vel
y,peopl
e
acr
ossal
lincomegr
oupsshoul
dhav
eaccesst
oor
gani
cfood.Thi
scanbef
aci
l
itat
edbydi
ff
erent
meanssuchasest
abl
i
shi
ngcommuni
ty-
suppor
tedagr
icul
tur
alf
armsorwi
th“
growy
ourownf
ood”
pr
ogr
ammes.Wher
epenet
rat
ioni
slow,
smal
l
ersi
zedpackscanhel
pencour
aget
ri
als.
I
thasbeen est
imat
ed t
hati
ntheUS,t
headv
ersei
mpactofconv
ent
ionalf
armi
ng on t
he

env
ironmentandheal
thcost
s$5bi
l
li
ont
o$16.
9bi
l
li
onay
ear
.Thesecost
sar
eact
ual
l
ypai
dbyt
he

consumeri
nthef
orm ofmedi
cal
bil
l
sanddecr
easedqual
i
tyofl
i
feduet
opol
l
uti
on.I
mpact
assessmentofor
gani
cfar
ming compar
ed t
o conv
ent
ionalf
armi
ng consi
der
ing t
he sust
ainabi
l
ity

f
ramewor
kcanhel
ptoi
ncr
easeconsumerawar
enessont
het
ruecostofapr
oduct
.

Manycount
erf
eitor
gani
cpr
oduct
sar
eav
ail
abl
eint
hemar
ket
s,whi
chadv
ersel
yimpactt
he
i
ndust
ryandconsumert
rust
.Ther
efor
e,t
heGov
ernmenthascomeupwi
thst
ri
ngentpuni
shmentf
or
sel
l
ingcount
erf
eitor
gani
cpr
oduce.Or
gani
cfar
mer
sar
eunabl
etosav
ethei
rcr
opsusi
ngt
radi
ti
onal
met
hodsofpestcont
rol
.TheGov
ernmentmustr
opei
nagr
icul
tur
alsci
ent
ist
sandi
nter
nat
ional
r
esear
chi
nst
it
uti
onst
odev
elopor
gani
cher
bici
des.

I
twi
l
lbeawhi
l
ebef
oreor
gani
cagr
icul
tur
alpr
act
icesbecomesmai
nst
ream.
Manymayar
guet
hatat
tempt
smadebyt
heGov
ernmentar
einadequat
eand but
posi
ti
ver
esul
tsar
eshowi
ngupwi
tht
ime.Today
,Si
kki
misanor
gani
cst
atewi
th75,
000
ha ofl
and underor
gani
c cul
ti
vat
ion based on an i
nit
iat
ivet
hatst
art
ed i
n 2003.
Meghal
ayaai
mst
oconv
ert200,
000haunderor
gani
cfar
mingby2020.
Laudabl
eappr
oach
Thecour
ageshownbyf
armer
stoconv
ertf
rom conv
ent
ionalt
oor
gani
cisl
audabl
e.Ker
ala
hasmor
ethan100,
000f
armer
spr
act
isi
ngor
gani
cfar
mingand10cooper
ati
vespr
omot
ingt
he
sect
or.TheCent
re’
sannouncementf
oral
l
ocat
ionof₹1bi
l
li
onf
oror
gani
cmar
ketdev
elopmentand
₹3bi
l
li
onf
ort
hepar
ti
cipat
oryguar
ant
eeschemei
scommendabl
e.I
ndi
anf
armer
sar
eusi
ngi
nput
s
manuf
act
uredf
rom ener
gy-
int
ensi
vepr
ocessesand,
insomecases,
from i
mpor
tedsour
cesr
esul
ti
ng
i
nabur
denont
heexchequer
.Theycoul
dfol
l
owor
gani
cpr
act
icesanduseav
ail
abl
ebi
o-wast
est
o
t
ransi
ttowar
dsaci
rcul
areconomy
.Consumer
sshoul
dconsumer
esponsi
blyandst
akehol
der
s
shoul
dpr
eventwast
ageal
ongt
hesuppl
ychai
n.Meanwhi
l
e,or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
einI
ndi
awi
l
lcont
inue
t
ogr
owandpl
ayal
argerpar
tinsaf
elyf
eedi
ng1.
5bi
l
li
onI
ndi
anmout
hsi
n2030.

Or
gani
cagr
icul
tur
eist
hebesti
nsur
ancepol
i
cyt
hatI
ndi
acan hav
efori
ts
popul
ati
onwi
thbet
terper
for
manceonpr
oduct
ivi
ty,env
ironment
ali
mpact
,economi
c
v
iabi
l
ityandsoci
alwel
l
-bei
ng.
Focusi
ngonl
yonhi
ghery
iel
dsatt
heexpenseofot
hersust
ainabi
l
itypi
l
lar
s(economi
cs,
env
ironmentandsoci
ety
)isnott
hef
oodpr
oduct
ionsy
stem t
hatI
ndi
aneeds.WhatI
ndi
aneedsi
san
i
ntegr
atedsy
stem t
hatgi
vesequali
mpor
tancet
oal
lsust
ainabi
l
itydi
mensi
onsacr
osst
hev
alue
chai
nandt
hushel
psest
abl
i
shaheal
thyandwel
l
-fedsoci
ety
.

Chapt
er11
 Mar
ket
ingandexpor
tpot
ent
ial
ofor
gani
c
pr
oduct
sMar
ket
ingandExpor
tofor
gani
cpr
oduce:
-
TheAccr
edi
tat
ionRegul
ati
onsal
somakeapr
ovi
sionf
orexpor
t,i
mpor
tandl
ocal
tradeof

or
gani
cpr
oduct
s.Howev
er,
cur
rent
ly,
onl
ytheexpor
tofor
gani
cpr
oduct
scomeundergov
t.

r
egul
ati
ons.Thusanagr
icul
tur
alpr
oductcanonl
ybeexpor
tedasanor
gani
cpr
oducti
f
i
tiscer
ti
fi
edbyacer
ti
fi
cat
ionbodydul
yaccr
edi
tedbyAPEDA.
Mar
ket
ing:
-Mar
ket
ingi
sthecr
eat
ivemanagementf
unct
ion,whi
chpr
omot
est
radeandempl
oymentby

assessi
ngcust
omerneeds.Mar
ket
ingi
sapl
annedsel
l
ingef
for
tconcer
nedwi
thexchangeandt
her
efor
e

cl
osel
yrel
atedt
odesi
res.Thesuccessofmar
ket
ingdependsupont
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofpr
oducei
nther
ight

pl
ace,
rightt
imer
ightpr
ice,
rightqual
i
tyandr
ightquant
it
y.

Gl
obal
stat
usofOr
gani
cFoodmar
ket:
-
Atgl
oball
evel
,themar
ketf
oror
gani
cfoodi
sexpandi
ngv
igor
ousl
y.Or
gani
cfar
mingsy
stem
ar
e exper
ienci
ng r
api
d gr
owt
h wor
ldwi
de t
hrough cr
eat
ive ener
gy oft
housand ofgr
assr
oot
or
gani
zat
ions,f
armer
s,t
rader
sandconsumer
s.About10,
000of“
Campensi
nos”i
nMexi
cohav
e
soundi
ncomest
odayandgoodper
spect
ivesf
ort
hef
utur
ebecauset
heygr
ow or
gani
cpr
oduct
s
suchascof
feeandsel
lthem i
nfai
rtr
adeandor
gani
cmar
ket
.InEgy
pt,bestsel
l
ingher
balt
eai
s
cer
ti
fi
edasor
gani
candsol
dinov
er10,
000shopsandphar
maci
es.I
nGer
many
,bi
ody
nami
cSEKEM
i
nit
iat
ive,
empl
oyi
ngabout1,
000peopl
edel
i
ver
sit
spr
oduct
sto7,
000phar
maci
esand2,
000shops.
Rapi
dlygr
owi
ngconsumerdemandsar
eal
soi
ncr
easi
ngi
nAr
gent
ina,
Japan,
Pol
andandAust
ral
i
a.
Domest
icmar
ket:
-Al
though I
ndi
ahasi
nit
iat
ed expor
tmar
ketf
oror
gani
cfoodssuccessf
ull
y,t
he

si
tuat
ioni
nrel
ati
ont
odomest
icor
gani
cmar
keti
squi
temi
ser
abl
e.Thedemandf
oror
gani
cpr
oducti
n

I
ndi
ahasnotbeendev
elopedsof
ar.Maj
ormar
ketf
oror
gani
cpr
oductar
eint
hemet
ropol
i
tanci
ti
esl
i
ke

Mumbai
,Del
hi,Kol
kat
a,Chennai
,Bangal
oreandHy
der
abadandot
herf
ew ci
ti
es.Appr
opr
iat
etr
aini
ng

pr
ogr
ammes f
or f
armer
s and NGOs,easy access t
ofi
nanci
alsuppor
tand gr
oup di
scussi
on,

st
rengt
heni
ngt
hemar
keti
ntel
l
igence,
mai
ntenanceoft
hequal
i
ty,
flexi
bil
i
tyofmodeofpay
mentt
hrough

bankandf
ixi
ngr
easonabl
epr
icescoul
dbet
hepossi
blest
rat
egi
est
odev
elopt
hedomest
icmar
ketand

pr
omot
eexpor
tofor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.

Li
mit
ati
onsi
nMar
ket
ing:
-
i
.Inadequat
eknowl
edgeaboutpackageofpr
act
icesofor
gani
ccr
ops.
i
i
.Far
mer
sdonotknowwher
etosal
eandconsumer
sdonotknowwher
etoget
.
i
i
i.Mar
keti
sli
mit
edandsuppl
yisi
nconsi
stent
.
i
v.Expect
edpr
emi
um i
snotr
ecei
ved,
ther
efor
esal
eisnotensur
ed.
v
.Far
mer
scannoti
dent
if
yast
owhatcr
opwi
l
lbegr
ownor
gani
cal
l
y,whatpr
icewi
l
lbechar
ged.

v
i.Lackofconsumerawar
enessont
hebenef
itofor
gani
cpr
oduce.

v
ii
.Thequal
i
tysuppl
yisnotensur
ed.
v
ii
i.Logi
sti
cofsl
owshi
pment
,rest
ri
cti
onf
ori
mpor
ti
ngI
ndi
anor
gani
cpr
oduct
s.
 i
x.Ti
meconsumi
ngandcompl
i
cat
edpaperwor
kwhi
l
edeal
i
ngwi
thexpor
taut
hor
it
ies.
x.
Lessef
for
ttodev
elopdomest
icmar
ket
.
St
epst
obet
akenf
orcr
eat
ingdomest
icmar
ket
.
Thest
epsf
orcr
eat
ingdomest
icmar
ketar
e:
1.Dev
elopmentofcr
opspeci
fi
cor
gani
cpackageofpr
act
ices.
2.Dev
elopmentofr
ural
mar
ket
3.Dev
elopmentofhomedel
i
ver
ysy
stem.
4.Regi
str
ati
onofconsumer
sforsuppl
yor
gani
cfoods
5.Mar
ket
ingofor
gani
cpr
oduct
sthr
oughKhadi
boar
dout
let
s.
6.I
nvol
vementofNGOsf
orpubl
i
cit
y.
7.Ar
rangementofl
ow-
costcer
ti
fi
cat
ion/
inspect
ionsy
stem.
8.Dev
elopmentofdi
ff
.or
gani
cassoci
ati
onsofpr
oducer
sandconsumer
s.
9.Adequat
epubl
i
cit
yandt
rai
ning.
Expor
t:-Gl
obaldemand f
oror
gani
cfood has cr
eat
ed new expor
toppor
tuni
ti
es f
or
dev
elopi
ngcount
ri
es.Wi
tht
hei
ncr
easi
ngpr
efer
enceofconsumer
sindev
elopedcount
ri
es
f
orcer
ti
fi
edor
gani
cfoods,
thedemandhasbeenr
isi
ngbyabout12%t
o17%ev
eryy
ear
,but
t
heav
ail
abi
l
ityofcer
ti
fi
edf
oodswor
ldwi
dei
sonl
yint
her
angeof3%t
o8%.Thi
sindi
cat
es
t
heexcel
l
entpot
ent
ialf
orexpor
ti
ngor
gani
cfoods,whi
chcanper
hapsbet
appedbest
t
hroughgr
oupi
nit
iat
ivesi
nor
gani
cfar
ming.
Themai
nchannel
forexpor
tmar
keti
s
Pr
oducer–pr
ivat
etr
ader–pr
ocessor–Expor
ter