UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

Balzain Campus, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan, Philippines 3500

COLLEGE OF SOCIAL WORK

MODULE in Philippine Realities and Social Welfare

Lesson/Topic 1: Social issues and problems of different sectors of the Philippines society; their
situation, needs, issues & struggles from a gender lens.
 FILIPINO FAMILY: SOLO PARENT (RA 8972, “Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000”)
 FILIPINO FAMILY: TEEN PARENTING
 LGBT- LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER
 VICTIMS OF AIDS/HIV
Lesson proper:
FILIPINO FAMILY: SOLO PARENT (RA 8972, “Solo Parents Welfare Act of 2000”

Challenges/Issues:
 Financial problems: Single parent families often face a lot of financial issues. They find it
difficult to make ends meet since the single parent has to pay for all the expenses of
running the house, raising the child and fulfilling the educational expenses. Children are
forced to change their life styles in order to line with single parent’s means.
 Juggling between work and family: Single parents have a hard time in trying to juggle
between their professional and personal life. They have to fulfill the responsibilities of
both the parents. 
 Psychological problems for children: Children of single parents often face a lot of
physiological issues. They often do not socialize with other people and exhibit a bitter
altitude. They may also feel ashamed and have a low self-esteem as compared to other
children in the same age group.
  Education: The findings of many studies indicate that the drop out ratio of single parent
children is quite high. These children have a high rate of absenteeism in school which
affects their studies quite seriously.
 Sense of loss and felling of loneliness: The felling of a sense of loss and feeling of
loneliness is experienced both by the single parent and the children, whatever be the
reason for single parent status, divorce, death or abandonment.

FILIPINO FAMILY: TEEN PARENTING

DEFINITION. Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19,
becoming pregnant. The term in everyday speech usually refers to girls who have not reached
legal adulthood, which varies across the world, who become pregnant.
(UNICEF)
Causes:
1. Drugs and Alcohol
2. Low Socio-economic Status
3. Peer Pressure and Sexual Abuse
4. Media Influence
Effects of Teenage Pregnancy
 Teen mothers are very likely to drop out of school because of their low ambitions and
dedication to getting an education.
 These young girls do not have full qualifications for proper jobs in the future, which leads
to having a job with very low wages or even worse, unemployment.
 This leads to poor living conditions and the inability to maintain a safe and clean
environment for their newborn child.
 These young women often end up living on welfare and do not have adequate resources
for their child.
 These young girls are forced to delay and postpone any plans for their future in order to
raise their child.
 Young mother is often forced to essentially give up her identity for a new one while
switching into a maternal role.
 Teens are often forced to become reliant on their family for financial resources as well as
support to help get her through raising a child.
 Teens are shunned by their parents and do not even receive any support from their
parents who are not accepting of the pregnancy.
 These young girls are often forced to lose contact with friends and others in their social
groups in order to focus on their pregnancy.
  Pregnant teens often do not have the proper healthy habits in order to go through a
successful child rearing process.
 Having a child during these essential years truly clashes with the developmental tasks
that should be occurring during adolescents. These young mothers are unable to fully
develop a sense of self-identity because of their new role as an expecting mother.
 Due to all of these factors, teen mothers may end up developing depression after
essentially being alienated from their family and friends. These symptoms of depression
increase the chances of the teen mother committing suicide.

Child:
 The child of a teen mother is very likely to live in poverty because of its mother’s lack of
financial resources.
 The child is likely to endure many of the same issues its mother did in her childhood. For
instance, the child is likely to grow up in poverty and in very poor conditions.
 They are likely to be missing a father figure, leaving them with fewer role models and
increased chances of confiding in other children in the same situation.
 The children's academic success is also further compromised and these children do not
strive to achieve much academically.
 These kids have social problems and are unable to make friends very easily which leads
to poor relationship development which is a crucial stage in adolescence.
 Poor relationship development can be linked to the child being deprived economically as
well as educationally. The children are likely to drop out of high school and also succumb
to the use of drugs and alcohol due to lack of parental involvement and monitoring
 The children are often also likely to suffer health risks in comparison to those born to
adults.
 They are likely to be cognitively impaired and also susceptible to behavioural issues.
 The children are likely to be born underweight and prematurely, which is detrimental to
their health and may even result in infant mortality.

Assisting Adolescent Parents and Prevention:

1. Family and Peer Support

 Teen mothers can increase their resilience through having the support of their
parents as well as maintaining social relations with their peers.
Influences the mother’s attitude and adaptation to her new role in life.
 The overall most important factor is the teen mother having the support of her
own mother. The mother of the teen can be extremely helpful in terms of
emotional support for her daughter as well as financial aid and helping her
daughter with child rearing responsibilities of the newborn.
Assisting Adolescent Parents and Prevention:
2. Education/Knowledge
 From a young age, it is important that young children and adolescents have a
reliable and trustworthy adult to confide in. Having an approachable and
knowledgeable role model or adult in your life will greatly decrease the chances
of teen pregnancy
 Parents often neglect explaining the anatomy of the body to their children,
however providing this information and educating children during their youth is
an extremely important protective factor against teen pregnancy.
 Children need to grow up having a positive self-image as well as a healthy
environment to grow up in. Children need unconditional love and support from
their parents as it is critical in ensuring the child makes better choices about their
future sexual activity
 Open communication and time spent with children is a protective factor against
teen pregnancy also. Children and teens should be able to approach their parents
and ask for their time whenever in need. Developing a strong relationship
between child and parent is critical.

LGBT- LESBIAN, GAY, BISEXUAL, TRANSGENDER

LGBT, or GLBT, is an initials that stands for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender. In use since
the 1990s, the term is an adaptation of the initials LGB, which was used to replace the term gay
in reference to the LGBT community beginning in the mid-to-late 1980s.
Challenges/Issues:
1. Stigma
2. Discrimination
3. Bullying
4. Abuse
5. Violence
6. Inequality
7. Acceptance

VICTIMS OF AIDS/HIV

What is HIV? (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infects cells of the immune system, destroying or
impairing their function. Infection with the virus results in progressive deterioration of the
immune system, leading to "immune deficiency." The immune system is considered deficient
when it can no longer fulfil its role of fighting infection and disease.
What is AIDS? (WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION)
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a term which applies to the most advanced
stages of HIV infection. It is defined by the occurrence of any of more than 20 infections or
HIV-related cancers.

How is HIV transmitted?

HIV can be transmitted through:
 Unprotected sexual intercourse (vaginal or anal), and oral sex with an infected person;
 Transfusion of contaminated blood; and the sharing of contaminated needles, syringes,
surgical equipment or other sharp instruments.
 It may also be transmitted between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth
and breastfeeding.

PROBLEMS AND ISSUES:

1. Stigma
2. Discrimination
3. Gender inequality
4. Human rights violation

Lesson/Topic 2:
Social Welfare and Social Protection policies, programs and services catering to various sectors

Lesson proper:

CHILDREN
Republic Act 9262 Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Act of 2004
Republic Act 9775 Anti-Child Pornography Act of 2009
Republic Act 8980 Early Childhood Care and Development
(ECCD) Act
Republic Act 8552 Domestic Adoption Act of 1998
Republic Act 7610 Special Protection of Children Against Abuse,
Exploitation and Discrimination Act
Republic Act 6972 Barangay-Level Total Development and
Protection of Children Act
Presidential Decree 603 The Child and Youth Welfare Code

YOUTH
Republic Act 9344 Juvenile Justice Law of 2006
Republic Act 8044 The Youth in Nation-Building Act
Republic Act No. 10742 Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015
Republic Act 9710
Republic Act 9262
Republic Act 10354
Republic Act 6949
Republic Act 7877
Republic Act 8353
Republic Act 8505
Republic Act 6949
Republic Act 6725
Republic Act 7322
WOMEN
ELDERLY
Republic Act 9994
Republic Act 7432
PERSONS WITH DISABILITY
RA 7277
Batas Pambansa Bilang 344
 R.A. 10754
LABORERS/WORKERS
Presidential Decree No. 442
FARMERS
Republic Act 7607
Republic Act. 1199
Republic Act No. 10816
Republic Act. 8175
Republic Act 3844
Magna Carta of Women
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Act of 2004
The Responsible Parenthood and
Reproductive Health Act of 2012
Declaring March 8 as National Women's Day
Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
Anti-Rape Law of 1997
Rape Victim Assistance and Protection Act
Anti-Trafficking in Person Act of 2003
Prohibits discrimination with respect to terms
and conditions of employment solely 
on the basis of sex.
Increasing Maternity Benefits in Favor of
Women Workers in the Private Sectors
The Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010
The Senior Citizens Act
“Magna Carta for Persons with DisabilitY
“Accessibility Law”
An Act expanding the benefits and privileges
of persons with disability (PWD)
"Labor Code of the Philippines"
Empowering Smallhold Farmers in their
Economic Endeavors
"Agricultural Tenancy Act of the Philippines."
An Act Providing for the Development and
Promotion of Farm Tourism in the Philippines
The Revised Charter Of The Philippine Crop
Insurance Corporation Act
Agricultural Land Reform Code
URBAN POOR
Republic Act 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992
Republic Act 8425 "Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act."
Republic Act 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992
Republic Act 8425 "Social Reform and Poverty Alleviation Act."
Republic Act 7279 Urban Development and Housing Act of 1992