PROGRAMM :

E :
PRACTICAL : 3
WORK NO KIRCHOFF'
TITLE : S LAW
LECTURER’S 1)
NAME 2)
PRACTIC
AL SKILL LAB REPORT
ATTAIN
ASSESS ATTAINMENT ASSESSMEN
MENT
MENT T
(CLO2)
S ⑤④
1 ③②
①
Result /5
S ⑤④
Able to 2 ③②
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t the
given S ⑤④
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① Analysis/
/10
S ⑤④ Discussion
4 ③②
①
S ⑤④
1 ③②
①
Conclusion /5
S ⑤④
2 ③②
Able to
connect ①
ammete S ⑤④
r 3 ③②
① Percentage
S ⑤④ (20%)
4 ③②
①
Able to S ⑤④
connect 1 ③②
voltmet
er ①
S ⑤④
2 ③②
①
 S ⑤④
3 ③②
①
S1
S ⑤④
4 ③②
①
S ⑤④
1 ③②
①
S2
S ⑤④
Able to 2
measure ③②
kirchoff's ①
current S ⑤④
to prove 3
KCL
③②
① TOTAL
MARKS S3
S ⑤④ (100%)
4 ③②
①
S ⑤④
1 ③②
①
S4
S ⑤④
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③②
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③②
KVL
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S ⑤④
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GROUP MEMBERS REGISTRATI
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S1
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 PRACTICAL SKILL RUBRIC
Assessment Excellent Good Fair Weak Unsatisfactory
Componet 5 4 3 2 1

Student able to Excellent .All 4 of 5 of the 3 of 5 of the

2 of 5 of the "excellent" 1 of 5 of the "excellent"
construct the circuit Connection of circuits is "excellent" "excellent"
conditions is met conditions is met
given correctly conditions is met conditions is met

Student able to set Good. Fair. Student can

the connection of Excellent . Student can Student can set the set the Student cannot set the
Student cannot set any
ammeter set the connection of connection of connection of connection of ammeter
connection of ammeter.
ammeter correctly ammeter correctly ammeter correctly
correctly
Student able to set Good. Fair. Student can
the connection of Excellent . Student can Student can set the set the Student cannot set the Student cannot set any
voltmeter set the connection of connection of connection of connection of voltmeter connection of
voltmeter correctly voltmeter correctly voltmeter correctly voltmeter.
correctly
Student able to Shows a solid Shows Shows
measure kirchoff's understanding to understanding to considerable to
Shows some to measure the Shows little to measure
measure the current measure the measure the
current to prove current flow. current flow.
current flow. the current flow.
flow accurately.
KCL
Student able to Shows Shows
Shows a solid
measure kirchoff's understanding to considerable to
understanding to measure the measure the Shows some to measure the Shows little to measure
voltage to prove measure the voltage voltage. voltage. voltage. the voltage.
KVL accurately.
 DET10013/ PRACTICAL WORK 3

1 LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO):

CLO 2: Construct DC circuit and measure related parameters using appropriate
electric equipment (P4, PLO5).

2 OBJECTIVES
At the end of experiment, the student will be able to:
a) measure the current flows at each resistor and prove the Kirchoff’s Current Law
b) measure the voltage across each resistor and prove Kirchoff’s Voltage Law

1
 DET10013/ PRACTICAL WORK 3

3 THEORY
Kirchoff's Current Law, (KCL)

Kirchoff's Current Law or KCL, states that the "total current or charge entering a
junction or node is exactly equal to the charge leaving the node as it has no other
place to go except to leave, as no charge is lost within the node". In other words
the algebraic sum of ALL the currents entering and leaving a node must be equal
to zero, I(exiting) + I(entering) = 0.

Here, the 3 currents entering the node, I1, I2, I3 are all positive in value and the 2
currents leaving the node, I4 and I5 are negative in value. Then this means we
can also rewrite the equation as; I1 + I2 + I3 - I4 - I5 = 0

The term Node in an electrical circuit generally refers to a connection or junction

of two or more current carrying paths or elements such as cables and
components. Also for current to flow either in or out of a node a closed circuit path
must exist. We can use Kirchoff's current law when analysing parallel circuits.

Kirchoff's Voltage Law, (KVL)

Kirchoff's Voltage Law or KVL, states that "in any closed loop network, the total
voltage around the loop is equal to the sum of all the voltage drops within the
same loop" which is also equal to zero. In other words the algebraic sum of all
voltages within the loop must be equal to zero.

2
 DET10013/ PRACTICAL WORK 3

Starting at any point in the loop continue in the same direction noting the direction
of all the voltage drops, either positive or negative, and returning back to the same
starting point. It is important to maintain the same direction either clockwise or
anticlockwise or the final voltage sum will not be equal to zero. We can use
Kirchoff's voltage law when analysing series circuits.

When analysing either DC circuits or AC circuits using Kirchoff's Circuit Laws a

number of definitions and terminologies are used to describe the parts of the circuit
being analysed such as: node, paths, branches, loops and meshes. These terms are
used frequently in circuit analysis so it is important to understand them.

4 EQUIPMENT / TOOLS

a) DC Ammeter
b) DC Voltmeter
c) Variable Resistor
d) Multimeter
e) Laboratory DC Power Supply Unit

5 PROCEDURE

1. Construct the circuit as shown in Figure 3.1

2. Adjust the power supply to 10V
3. Measure the current flows at point X,A,B,C, and Y and record the result in
Table 3.1
4. Measure the voltage dropped at each resistors and records the result in the
Table 3.1

Figure 3.1

3
 DET10013/ PRACTICAL WORK 3

6 RESULT
Table 3.1 : Result for Figure 3.1

Voltage(V) Current (A)

Measured Measured
V1 5V A 3.6mA÷40=0.09mA

V2 5V B
2.2mA÷40=0.055mA
V3 5V C
1.4mA÷40=0.035mA
KVL for Loop KCL for node
VR1+VR2=5+5=10V 2.2mA÷40=0.055mA
1 X
KVL for Loop KCL for node
2.2mA÷40=0.055mA
2 VR2+VR3=5+5=10V Y

7 DISCUSSION

1. Show the working step to get the calculated KCL & KVL
(10m)

Vt=10V IA=3.6mA÷40
VR1+VR2=5V+5V=10V =0.09mA
KVL1=10V IB=2.2mA÷40
KVL2=VR2+VR3 =0.055mA
=5+5 IC=1.4mA÷40
=10 =35µA
KVL2=10V KCLX=2.2mA÷40
=0.055mA
KCLY=2.2mA÷40
=0.055mA

8 CONCLUSION
In the conclusion, that we can conclude was we learn how to use electrical components
and to make a complete series and parallel circuit.We were able to construct DC circuit and
measure the related parameters using appropriate electrical equipment.Well we managed to
measure the current flows to every resistor and prove the kircoff’s current law.However we
4
 DET10013/ PRACTICAL WORK 3

could measure the voltage across each resistor. Based on the table3.1 we measure the voltage
for V1 is 5V ,V2 is 5V ,KVL for loop 1 is 10V and for the KVL loop 2 is 10V. The mens
current(A) for A is 0.09mA,B is 0.05mA ,C is 0.035mA ,KCL for node X is 0.055mA and the
last is KCL for node Y is 0.055mA .