LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION & COUNSELING

DIASS

SOCIAL SCIENCE
● Deals with society + intricate relationships among indiv in society
● Study of human society, relates to human behavior and society
● Branch of science that deals with:
- institutions
- functioning of human society
- interpersonal relationships of individuals as members of society

FUNCTIONS AND EFFECTS OF SOCIAL SCIENCE

● Evidence-based actions and solutions to societal problems and issues
● Generate practical solutions to complex social problems
● Provision of knowledge = moral basis in solving prob
● Communication = accessibility to info
● Counselling = healing, courage & strength
● Social work = social change, prob solving, relationship, empowerment

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

● Practical application of soc sci knowledge
ARISTOTLE
● EPISTEME- production of knowledge
● TECHNE - art or craft, putting theories into practice

● POPULAR FIELDS UNDER APPLIED SOCSCI

- Human resources/org
- Counselling development
- Accounting - Information Technology
- Business administration management
- Communication - Policy Studies
- Criminology - Public Administration
- Healthcare management - Social Work
- Urban Planning

SOCIAL SCIENCE & APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

SOCIAL SCIENCE
● Specific
● Focused more on the social phenomenon

APPLIED SOCIAL SCIENCE

● Focuses on a distinct issue
● Uses insights from various soc sci discipline

COUNSELLING SOCIAL WORK COMMUNICATION

● Process where an ● Practice-based ● Act of giving,

indiv, couple or profession receiving & sharing
family meet with a info
trained professional ● Promotes social
counsellor change, ● Talking, writing,
development, listening & reading
● Talk about cohesion &
issues/problems empowerment of ● Good
that they are facing people and communicators =
communities listen carefully,
speak/write clearly
● Involves & respect diff
understanding of opinions
human
development,
behavior and social,
economic and
cultural institutions
and interactions

COUNSELLING
● CONSILIUM = plan, council, wisdom & advice
● profession
● helping relationship that facilitates development of IGF
● based on principle of empowerment
● helps achieve personal, social & educational career development
● process which helps client clarify and address problems

COLLINS DICTIONARY OF SOCIOLOGY

 - counselling = process of guiding a person during a stage of life when
reassesments or decisions have to be made
- non-clinical intervention
- learning process in which indiv learn about themselves + interpersonal
relationships, and enact behaviors that advance their personal development
(SCHERTZER AND STONE 1981)

NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH – there is a deliberate specific focuses, a set of

procedures, rules, expectations, experiences , and a way of monitoring progress and
determining results in any therapeutic approach.

CONTEXT FACTORS

● Peers as context ● Client factors

● Neighborhood as context
● Culture as context
● Counselling as context
six stages:
● Counselor factors
● Contextual factors
● Process Factors
1. Developing trust
2. Exploring problem areas
3. Helping to set goals
4. Empowering into action
5. Helping to maintain change
6. Agreeing when to end the helping
relationship

GOALS OF COUNSELLING
● clear goals = positive outcome

GEORGE AND CRISTIANO (1986) - 5 MAJOR GOALS OF COUNSELLING

1. FACILITATING BEHAVIOR ● aims to have clients live more

CHANGE productive and satisfying lives

2. IMPROVING THE CLIENT’S ● overcome difficulties in their

ABILITY TO ESTABLISH AND interpersonal relationships and
MAINTAIN RELATIONSHIPS improve how they relate with the
people around them.

3. ENHANCING THE CLIENT’S ● help them learn how to cope and

EFFECTIVENESS AND ABILITY adapt to change
 TO COPE

4. PROMOTING THE DECISION- ● make decisions

MAKING PROCESS ● assist clients in exploring the
different aspects of the self
(namely physical, social,
emotional, mental, moral, and
spiritual), which can influence
decision-making.

5. FACILITATING CLIENT AND ● maximize client’s potentials and

POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT ensure clients’ growth.
● helps clients discover what they
are capable of doing
● help them actualize their goals.

GIBSON AND MITCHELL (2009)

GENERIC GOALS HUMAN DIMENSIONAL GOALS

1. Development 5. Exploratory
2. Preventive 6. Reinforcement
3. Enhancement 7. Cognitive
4. Remedial 8. Physiological
9. Psychosocial

1. INDIVIDUAL COUNSELLING ● personal opportunity to receive

support and experience growth
during challenging times

2. GROUP COUNSELLING ● small group of people meet

regularly to discuss, interact and
explore problems with each other
and the group leader

3. MARITAL COUNSELLING ● assists married couples to resolve

problems that arise

4. FAMILY COUNSELLING ● parents or even other fam

members work with trained indiv to
achieve a relative stability
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELLING

McDANIEL & SHAFTAL

1. PRINCIPLE OF ACCEPTANCE ● each client must be accepted as

an indiv
● counselor should give due regard
to the rights of the client

2. PRINCIPLE OF ● develops optimism

PERMISSIVENESS ● environment shapes according to
the person

3. PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR ● respect for indiv = integral part of

THE INDIVIDUAL counselling process

4. PRINCIPLE OF THINKING WITH ● think about all the forces around

THE INDIVIDUAL the client
● join client’s thought process
● work collectively to solve prob

5. PRINCIPLE OF LEARNING ● all the assumptions of counseling

accept the presence of earning-
elements in the counseling
process.

6. PRINCIPLE OF CONSISTENCY ● the ideals of democracy desire to

WITH IDEAS OF DEMOCRACY accept a person and want to
respect the rights of
others.
● the process of counseling is based
upon the ideals of a person’s
respect.
● it is a process with accepts
individual differences.

CORE VALUES 6. SOCIAL JUSTICE

1. RESPECT FOR HUMAN

DIGNITY
2. PARTNERSHIP
3. AUTONOMY
4. RESPONSIBLE CARING
5. PERSONAL INTEGRITY