Math 7 Work Text 1

What do I need At the end of the lesson the learners will be able to:
to learn? 1.find the limits

Limits

Limit suggests a boundary that may be reached or not, or possibly exceeded.

lim⁡ 𝑎𝑛 = 𝐿 the limit of an = L as n increases without bound is L
𝑛→∞

Basic limits
1
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑛 = 0
𝑛→∞

2. lim⁡ 𝑛 = ∞
𝑛→∞

Properties of limits
If lim⁡ 𝑛 = 𝐴, 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡𝑏𝑛 = 𝐵, and C is a constant
𝑛→𝛼 𝑛→∞
1. 𝑙𝑖𝑚 C = 𝐶
𝑛→∞

2. 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝐶⁡. 𝑎𝑛 = 𝐶 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑎𝑛 = 𝐶⁡. 𝐴𝑛

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

3. lim⁡(𝑎𝑛 + ⁡ 𝑏𝑛 ) = ⁡ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡𝑏𝑛 = A + B

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

4. lim⁡(𝑎𝑛 . 𝑏𝑛 ) = (𝑙𝑖𝑚⁡𝑎𝑛 ) ( 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡𝑏𝑛 ) = A . B

𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞

𝑎𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑎𝑛 𝐴
5. 𝑙𝑖𝑚 = 𝑛→∞ = ,B≠0
𝑛→∞ 𝑏𝑛 𝑙𝑖𝑚 𝑏
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
𝐵

Example:
1. lim⁡(n⁡ + ⁡6)
𝑛→∞
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡𝑎𝑛 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚 6
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
=∞+6
=∞
4n+1 4𝑛 1
2. 𝑙𝑖𝑚 n = lim⁡( 𝑛 + 𝑛⁡)
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
1
= lim⁡(4 + 𝑛⁡)
𝑛→∞
1
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 4 + 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ⁡⁡ 𝑛
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
=4+0
=4

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Math 7 Work Text 1
3 3
3.⁡lim⁡(4⁡ + ⁡) = lim⁡ 4⁡ + lim ⁡ ⁡
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
1
= 4 + lim (⁡ lim (⁡𝑛 ⁡⁡. 3⁡)⁡⁡)
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
1
= 4 + ( lim ⁡⁡ 𝑛⁡) ( lim ⁡⁡3⁡)
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
= 4 + (0) ( 3)
=4

Limit of functions
1. lim C = C , the limit of a constant is a constant
𝑥→𝑎
2. lim xn = an
𝑥→𝑎
3. lim [C f(x)] = C⁡⁡lim x
𝑥→𝑎 𝑛→𝑎
4. lim [ f(x) ± g(x)] = lim f(x) + lim g(x)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎
5. lim [ f(x) . g(x)] =[⁡⁡lim f(x)] .[ lim g(x)]
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

Basic Limits
1
1. lim ( ) =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
2. lim 𝑛 =∞
𝑛→∞

Properties of Limits
If lim 𝑎𝑛 =A, lim 𝑏𝑛 =B, and C
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
is a constant, then
1. lim 𝑐 =c
𝑛→∞
2. lim 𝐶𝑎𝑛 =C lim 𝑎𝑛 = C
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
3. lim (𝑎𝑛 + ⁡ 𝑏𝑛 ) = lim 𝑎𝑛 ⁡+ lim ⁡𝑏𝑛 = A + B
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
4. lim (𝑎𝑛 . 𝑏𝑛 ) =( lim 𝑎𝑛⁡⁡ )⁡( lim ⁡𝑏𝑛 )= A . B
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
𝑎𝑛 lim 𝑎 𝐴
𝑛→∞ 𝑛
5. lim = lim =𝐵 provided that B is not equal to 0
𝑛→∞ 𝑏𝑛 𝑛→∞
⁡𝑏𝑛

Evaluate
a. lim (𝑛 + 4) = lim 𝑛 + lim 4
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
Using property 3 basic limit and
=∞ + 4
property 1
=∞

3𝑛+1 3𝑛 1 Distributive law

b. lim = lim [ 𝑛 + 𝑛]
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞
1
= lim [3 + 𝑛] Property 3
𝑛→∞ Property 1 and basic limit
1
= lim 3 + lim
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛
=3+0
=3

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Math 7 Work Text 1
2 2
c. lim [1 + ]= lim 1 + lim Property 3
𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛

1
= 1 + lim ( 𝑛 . 2)⁡
𝑛→∞ Property 4
1
= 1 + [ lim 𝑛]⁡ [ lim 2]⁡ Basic limit & property 1
⁡𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞
= 1 + 0 (2)
=1+0
=1
3𝑥 2+2𝑥+1
d. lim divide each term with the variable of the highest degree
𝑛→+∞ 𝑥 2 −4

1 1 1 x2 x 1
3x2 ⁡( )+2x( 2)+1( 2) 3⁡( 2)+2( 2 )+1( 2)
x2 x x x x x
lim 1 1 = lim x2 1
n→+∞ x2 ( 2 )−4( 2 ) 𝑛→+∞
( 2 )−4( 2)
x x
x x

3+0+0
= lim =3
𝑛→+∞ 1+0

1 1 1 𝑥2 𝑥 1
3𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1 3𝑥 2 ⁡( )+2𝑥( 3 )+1( 3) 3⁡( )+2( 3 )+1( 3)
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
e. lim = lim 1 1 = lim 𝑥3
𝑛→+∞ 𝑥 3 −4 𝑛→+∞ 𝑥 3 ( 3 )−4( 3 ) 𝑛→+∞ 1
( 3 )−4( 3 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
0+0+0
= lim =0
𝑛→+∞ 1+0

1 1 1 𝑥3 𝑥 1
3𝑥 3 +2𝑥+1 3𝑥 3 ⁡( )+2𝑥( 3 )+1( 3) 3⁡( )+2( 3 )+1( 3)
𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥3 𝑥 𝑥
f. lim = lim 1 1 = lim 𝑥2
𝑛→+∞ 𝑥 2 −4 𝑛→+∞ 𝑥 3 ( 3 )−4( 3) 𝑛→+∞ 1
( 3 )−4( 3 )
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
3+0+0
= lim = +∞
𝑛→+∞ 0+0

Limit Theorems

Theorem 1 lim 𝐶 = 𝐶⁡ lim 4⁡⁡ → 4

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→2

Theorem 2 lim 𝑥 𝑛 = 𝑎𝑛 ⁡ lim 𝑥 2 = 32 ⁡→ 9

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→3

Theorem 3 lim 𝐶(𝑓(𝑐𝑥) ⁡=𝐶 lim 𝑓(𝑥) lim 2𝑥 2 = 2.32 ⁡→ 18

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→3

Theorem 4 lim [𝑓(𝑥) ± g(x)] lim (𝑥 2 + 5𝑥 4 )

𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→2
=lim 𝑓(𝑥) ± lim 𝑔(𝑥) → lim 𝑥 2 + lim 5𝑥 4
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
→⁡22 + 5(2)4
→ 4 + 80
→ 84
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Math 7 Work Text 1
Theorem 5 lim [𝑓(𝑥)⁡.⁡g(x)] =lim 𝑓 (𝑥 )⁡. lim⁡ ⁡𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 + 3)
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→2
lim 𝑔(𝑥) (lim⁡ ⁡𝑥 3 )⁡. [lim⁡⁡(𝑥 2 + 3)]
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
(lim⁡ ⁡𝑥 )⁡ (lim⁡⁡ 𝑥 2 )(⁡lim⁡⁡ 3)
3
𝑥→2 𝑥→2 𝑥→2
3 2
2 ( 2 +3)
8(4+3)
56
𝑓(𝑥) lim ⁡𝑓(𝑥)⁡ 𝑥−3
Theorem 6⁡⁡⁡⁡lim 𝑔(𝑥) =𝑥→𝑎 ,⁡lim ⁡𝑔(𝑥) ⁡⁡⁡⁡lim
⁡𝑥→a lim 𝑔(𝑥)⁡
𝑥→𝑎
𝑥→𝑎 ⁡𝑥→4 𝑥 2
lim⁡⁡ 𝑥−⁡lim⁡ ⁡3
is not equal to zero
→ 𝑥→4 𝑥→4
(lim⁡ ⁡𝑥 2 )⁡
𝑥→4
4−3
→ 42
1
→16
Theorem 7 ⁡lim [𝑓 (𝑥 )]𝑟 = [lim 𝑓(𝑥 )]𝑟 lim √𝑥 2 + 8
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→1
1
lim (𝑥 2 + 8)2
𝑥→1
1
(12 + 8)2
1
92
3
Theorem 8 If f(x) is a polynomial function, lim (3𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 − 3)
𝑥→3
lim 𝑓(𝑥) = f(a) 3(3)4 -2(3)3 +4(3) -3
𝑥→𝑎
243 -54 +12 – 3
198
Rational Function Rule 1 𝑓(𝑥)−𝑓(𝑎)
f(x) = 𝑥2 and a = 4, find lim ⁡
𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓(𝑎) 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−4
lim 𝑔(𝑥) = ⁡ 𝑔(𝑎) , f(x) and g(x) are
𝑥→𝑎
polynomials & g(a) ≠ 0 1 1 16−𝑥2
⁡−⁡ ⁡ −(𝑥 2 −16)
𝑥2 16 16𝑥2
= = = =
𝑥−4 𝑥−4 16𝑥 2 (𝑥−4)
−(𝑥+4)(𝑥−4)
16𝑥 2 (𝑥−4)
−(𝑥−4) lim −(𝑥+4) −(4+4) −8
𝑥→4
16𝑥 2 lim 16𝑥 2
= 16(4)2
= 256
𝑥→4
1
=-
32

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Math 7 Work Text 1
Existence of Limits

The limit of f as x approaches a may not exist.

1.If f(x) becomes infinitely large or infinitely small as x approaches the number a from either side.
lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⁡∞ or lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ⁡ −∞
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

2.If lim− 𝑓 (𝑥 ) = ⁡𝐿 and lim+ 𝑓(𝑥 ) = ⁡𝑀, and L ≠ M, then lim 𝑓 (𝑥 ) does not exist.
𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎 𝑥→𝑎

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Math 7 Work Text 1
Continuity

A function f is continuous at c if the following three conditions are

satisfied:
1.f(c) is defined, 2.⁡lim 𝑓 (𝑐) exists, 3.⁡lim 𝑓(𝑥) = ⁡𝑓(𝑐).
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

If f is not continuous at c, it is discontinuous there.

The open circle means that f(3) is not No single number approached by the
defined. Part 1 of the definition fails. values of h(x) as x approaches 0. The
limit does not exist. Part 2 of the
definition fails.

G(4) is defined. lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) = −2, Not defined at -1. lim 𝑓(𝑥 ) does not
𝑥→4 𝑥→−2
lim 𝑔(𝑥 ) ≠ 𝑔(4). Part 3 of the exist.
𝑥→4
definition fails.

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Math 7 Work Text 1
Example
1
1. Identify whether f(x) = 𝑥 2 −4 is continuous as a. 1 b. 2 c. 3

1 1
a. f(1) = =−3 , f(1) exists, is continuous at x = 1
12 −4
1
b. f(2) = =0 , f(2) does not exists, is discontinuous at x = 2
22 −4
1 1
c. f(3) = = , f(3) exists, is continuous at x = 3
32 −4 5

Polynomial is continuous at any number.

Skills Exercise 1

A. Find the limit if it exist if the limit does not exist explain briefly.
1. lim (𝑥 + 2)
𝑥→3

2.⁡ lim (𝑥 − 2)
𝑥→−2

3. lim (𝑎 − 3)
𝑎→5

4.⁡lim (3𝑏 − 3)
𝑏→2

1
5. lim 𝑝−5
𝑝⁡→5

𝑥
6. lim (𝑥−3)2
𝑐⁡→3

𝑞
7. lim (𝑞−3)2
𝑞→3

𝑚2 +3𝑚
8. lim
𝑚→0 𝑚

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Math 7 Work Text 1
𝑎2 −9
9. lim
𝑎→3 𝑎−3

10.lim(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 4)
𝑐→0

B. Find the limit if it exists. If the limit does not exist explain briefly.

5𝑥
1. lim
𝑥→+∞ 3𝑥+4

5𝑥+7
2. lim
𝑥→+∞ 3𝑥−4

5x+7
3.⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 3x2 −4

x4 +7
4.⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 3x2 −4

𝑥 2 +7𝑥+10
5.⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+4

𝑥 2 +7𝑥+10
6. ⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 5 −4

𝑥 3 +𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
7. ⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 5 −1

1000
8.⁡ lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 3

𝑥 3 +27
9. lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 2 +2𝑥+1

5𝑥+2
10. lim
𝑥→+∞ 3𝑥+4

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Math 7 Work Text 1

What do I need At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
to learn? 0
1.evaluate indeterminate forms type 0 and ∞
∞

𝟎 ∞
Indeterminate Forms and
𝟎 ∞
Examples
𝑥 2 −4
1. lim use algebra
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)
= lim = = lim (𝑥 + 2) = 4
𝑥→2 𝑥−2 𝑥→2

3𝑥−2
2. lim divide the numerator and denominator by x
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥+5

2
(3−⁡( )
⁡⁡⁡𝑥
lim =3
𝑥→+∞ 1⁡+(5/𝑥)

sin 𝑥
3. lim =1
𝑥→0 𝑥

Indeterminate conveys the idea that limit cannot be determined without additional work

L’Hospital’s Rule

𝑓⁡′⁡(𝑥) 𝑓⁡⁡(𝑥)
lim = 𝐿, → lim 𝑔⁡⁡(𝑥) = 𝐿,
𝑥→𝑐 𝑔⁡′⁡(𝑥) 𝑥→𝑐

L’Hospital’s Rule is applied by taking the derivative of the numerator and derivative of the
denominator separately not the derivative of the quotient

sin 𝑥 𝑓⁡′⁡(𝑥) cos 𝑥

3. lim = 1 → lim 𝑔⁡′⁡(𝑥) = 𝐿 → lim =1
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥 𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐 1

sin 𝑥−𝑥 0
4. lim lim sin 𝑥 − 𝑥 = 0, lim 𝑥 2 = 0 , type 0
𝑥→0 𝑥2 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

cos 𝑥−1 −𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

lim = lim =0 ,
𝑥→0 2𝑥 𝑥→0 2

ln 𝑥
5. lim
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥

∞
lim ln 𝑥 = ⁡ +∞ , lim 𝑥 = ⁡ +∞ , type ∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞

ln 𝑥 1/ 𝑥 1
lim , lim = lim =0
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥 𝑥→+∞ 1 𝑥→+∞ 𝑥

x grows faster than ln x

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Math 7 Work Text 1
x
6. lim
𝑥→+∞ ex

∞
lim x = +∞ , lim 𝑒 𝑥 = +∞, type ∞
𝑥→+∞ 𝑥→+∞

x 1
lim , lim =0
𝑥→+∞ ex 𝑥→+∞ 𝑒 𝑥

𝑒 𝑥 grows faster than ln x

3𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1
7. lim
𝑥→−1 x2 +𝑥

0
lim 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0, lim x 2 + 𝑥 = 0, type 0
𝑥→−1 𝑥→−1

3𝑥 2 +2𝑥−1 6x+2
lim = lim =4
𝑥→−1 x2 +𝑥 𝑥→−1 2x+1

tan 𝑥−sin 𝑥 0
8. lim indeterminate for type
𝑥→0 x2 tan 𝑥 0

sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥−sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥

tan 𝑥−sin 𝑥 ⁡−⁡sin 𝑥 ⁡ sin 𝑥(1−cos 𝑥) (1−cos 𝑥)
cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= sin 𝑥 = 2 = =
x2 tan 𝑥 x2 cos 𝑥 𝑥 sin 𝑥 x2 sin 𝑥 x2
cos 𝑥

tan 𝑥−sin 𝑥 (1−cos 𝑥) sin 𝑥 1

lim = lim = lim =2
𝑥→0 x2 tan 𝑥 𝑥→0 x2 𝑥→0 2x

L’Hospitals rule can also be used for one sided limits.

cot 𝑥
9. lim+
𝑥→0 ln 𝑥

∞
lim+ cot 𝑥 = +∞ , lim+ ln 𝑥 = −∞ , type ∞
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

cot 𝑥 −𝑐𝑠𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑥 1
lim+ = lim+ 1 ⁡ = - lim+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ⁡𝑥⁡ = - lim+ 2 sin 𝑥⁡𝑐𝑜⁡𝑥 = -∞
𝑥→0 ln 𝑥 𝑥→0 𝑥
𝑥→0 𝑥→0

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Math 7 Work Text 1
Skills Exercise 2
Evaluate each limit.

𝑥 2 +⁡𝑥⁡−⁡6⁡
1. lim
𝑥→2 𝑥 2 −3𝑥+2

2x3 +⁡5x2 −4x⁡−⁡3⁡

2. lim
𝑥→1 x3 ⁡+⁡𝑥 2 ⁡−10x⁡+⁡8

3𝑥 2 +⁡7⁡
3. lim
𝑥→+∞ 4𝑥 2 −5

ln 𝑥
4. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→1 𝑥 2 −1

𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥
5. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→0 sin 𝑥

1+cos 𝑥
6. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→𝜋 sin 2𝑥

𝑥2
7. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→+∞ 𝑒 𝑥

cot 𝑥
8. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→0 cot 2𝑥

𝑥𝑒 4𝑥 −𝑥
9. lim ⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→0 1−cos 2𝑥

1+cos 4𝑥
10. lim𝜋⁡⁡
⁡𝑥→ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥−2 tan 𝑥
4

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Math 7 Work Text 1
What do I need At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
to learn? 1.evaluate indeterminate forms of the type ∞. 0 , ∞ − ∞, 00 , 1∞ , ∞0

Indeterminate Forms ∞. 0 , ∞ − ∞, 00 , 1∞ , ∞0

Examples
1. Evaluate lim ⁡⁡ 𝑥 ln 𝑥
⁡𝑥→0

lim ⁡⁡ 𝑥= 0, lim ⁡⁡𝑙𝑛 𝑥 = −∞, Indeterminate form type⁡∞. 0

⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0
𝟎 ∞
Write in to the form and ∞
𝟎

ln 𝑥 ∞
lim ⁡⁡ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 = lim ⁡⁡ 1/𝑥 , indeterminate form of the type ∞
⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0

1
ln 𝑥𝑥
lim ⁡⁡ 𝑥 ln 𝑥 = lim ⁡⁡ 1/𝑥 = lim ⁡⁡ −1 = lim ⁡⁡(−𝑥)= 0
⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0
𝑥2
1
2.Evaluate⁡ lim ⁡⁡ (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
⁡𝑥→+∞
1
lim ⁡⁡ 𝑥= +∞ , lim ⁡⁡ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥= 0, Indeterminate form type⁡0. ∞
⁡𝑥→+∞ ⁡𝑥→+∞

1 sin 1/𝑥 sin 𝑡

lim ⁡⁡ (𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)= lim ⁡⁡ ( ) = lim ⁡⁡ ( )=1
⁡𝑥→+∞ ⁡𝑥→+∞ 1/𝑥 ⁡𝑥→+∞ 𝑡

1 1
3.Evaluate⁡ lim+ ⁡⁡ (𝑥 − sin 𝑥)
⁡𝑥→0
1 1
lim+ ⁡⁡ (𝑥) = ⁡ +∞ , lim+ ⁡⁡ (sin 𝑥) = +∞ , Indeterminate form type⁡∞ − ∞
⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0

1 1 sin 𝑥−𝑥
lim+ ⁡⁡ (𝑥 − sin 𝑥) = lim+ ⁡⁡ ( x⁡sin 𝑥 )
⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0

Apply L’Hospital rule twice

sin 𝑥−𝑥 cos 𝑥−1 − sin 𝑥

lim+ ⁡⁡ ( x⁡sin 𝑥 ) = lim+ ⁡⁡ (sin⁡x+x⁡cos 𝑥) = lim+ ⁡⁡ (⁡cos 𝑥+cos 𝑥−𝑥 sin 𝑥)
⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0 ⁡𝑥→0

− sin 𝑥
lim+ ⁡⁡ (⁡2cos 𝑥−x⁡sin 𝑥) = 0
⁡𝑥→0

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Agusan del Sur State college of Agriculture and Technology
 Math 7 Work Text 1

4 steps in evaluating 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒇(𝒙)𝒈(𝒙) that will result in one of the indeterminate forms 00, 1∞ , or
𝒙→𝒄
∞0 .

1. Set y = f(x)g(x)
2. Take logarithms: ln y = g(x) ln f(x)
3. Evaluate lim ln 𝑦, if it exists
𝑥→𝑐
4. If lim ln 𝑦 = 𝐿, then lim 𝑦 = ⁡ 𝑒 𝐿
𝑥→𝑐 𝑥→𝑐

These 4 steps maybe used if x → +∞ or x → −∞, or if one-sided limits are involved

4. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒙𝒙 type o0

𝒙→𝟎

Step 1. Let y =xx

Step 2. ln y =x ln x
Step 3. lim+ ln 𝑦 = lim+ x⁡ln 𝑥 =0
𝑥→0 𝑥→0
Step 4. lim+ ln 𝑦 = 0, lim+ y = 𝑒 0 = 1, so that lim+ ln 𝑥 𝑥 = 1
𝑥→0 𝑥→0 𝑥→0

5. Evaluate: 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟏⁄𝒙

𝒙→𝟎

1. 𝒚 = (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟏⁄𝒙
𝟏
2. 𝒍𝒏⁡ 𝒚 = 𝒍𝒏(𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟏⁄𝒙 = (𝒙) 𝒍𝒏𝟏 + 𝒙)
𝒍𝒏(⁡𝟏+𝒙) 𝟏/(𝟏+𝒙)
3. 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ 𝒍𝒏⁡𝒚 = 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ = ⁡ 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ = 𝟏⁡⁡⁡⁡
𝒙→𝟎 𝒙→𝟎 𝒙 𝒙→𝟎 𝟏

L’Hospital’s rule

4. 𝐥𝐢𝐦 𝒍𝒏⁡𝒚 = 𝟏, 𝐥𝐢𝐦+ ⁡𝒚 =e1 = e, so that lim+ (𝟏 + 𝒙)𝟏/𝒙 = 𝒆

𝒙→𝟎+ 𝒙→𝟎 𝑥→0

6. Show that: lim 𝑛√∝ =1 ∝ any positive real number

𝑛→∞

1.set y = 𝑛√∝ = ∝1/𝑛

1
2. ln y = ln ∝1/𝑛 = 𝑛ln ∝
𝑙𝑛⁡∝
3. lim ln 𝑦 = lim =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛

4. lim 𝑦 = lim 𝑛√∝ =𝑒 0 = 1

𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞

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Agusan del Sur State college of Agriculture and Technology
Math 7 Work Text 1
7. Show that lim 𝑛√𝑛 =1
𝑛→∞

1. set y = 𝑛√𝑛 = 𝑛1/𝑛

1
2. ln y = ln 𝑛1/𝑛 = 𝑛ln 𝑛
𝑙𝑛⁡𝑛 1/⁡𝑛
3. lim ln 𝑦 = lim = lim =0
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛 𝑛→∞ 1

4. lim 𝑦 = lim 𝑛√𝑛 =𝑒 0 = 1

𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞

∝ 𝑛
8. Show that lim (1 + 𝑛) = 𝑒 ∝
𝑛→∞

∝ n
1. 𝑦 = (1 + )
n
∝
2. ln 𝑦 = 𝑛⁡𝑙𝑛 (1 + )
n
−∝⁄ 2
∝ 𝑛
∝
ln⁡(1+n) 1+⁡∝⁄𝑛 ∝
3. lim ln 𝑦 = lim 𝑛 ⁡𝑙𝑛 (1 + 𝑛) = lim 1 = lim = lim = ∝
𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ 𝑛→+∞ n
𝑛→+∞ −1⁄𝑛2 𝑛→+∞ 1+∝⁄𝑛

∝ 𝑛
4. lim 𝑦= lim (1 + ) =𝑒 ∝
𝑛→∞ 𝑛→∞ 𝑛

Skills Exercise 3
Evaluate each limit.

1. lim (𝑥𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)
𝑥→0

1
2. lim [𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 − 1)]
𝑥→+∞

𝑒 2𝑥 −cos 𝑥
3. lim
𝑥→0 𝑥

1
4. lim (𝑒 𝑥 − 1) 𝑥
𝑥→∞

𝜋 𝜋𝑥
5.⁡lim tan
𝑥→0 𝑥 2

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Agusan del Sur State college of Agriculture and Technology
Math 7 Work Text 1
4
6. lim 𝑥𝑠𝑖𝑛
𝑥→∞ 𝑥

7. lim 𝑥⁡𝑐𝑠𝑐⁡2𝑥
𝑥→0

1 1
8. lim ( − 𝑥2)
𝑥→0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

𝑥 1
9. lim ( − 𝑙𝑛𝑥)
𝑥→1 𝑥−1

1 1
10. lim ( − )
𝑥→0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

Skills Exercise 4
Evaluate each limit.
3
1.lim (1 + 2𝑥)𝑥
𝑥→0

2. lim (4 𝑥 − 1)𝑥
𝑥→0

3. lim (sin 𝑥 )𝑥
𝑥→0

4. lim (csc 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥

𝑥→0

5. lim𝜋(tan 𝑥 )cos 𝑥
𝑥→ 2

1 4𝑥
6. lim (1 + 𝑥)
𝑥→∞

7. lim𝜋(sin 2𝑥)tan 2𝑥
𝑥→ 4

8. lim (1 − 𝑥 2 )cot 𝑥
𝑥→0

1
9. lim (𝑥 + cos 𝑥)𝑥
𝑥→0

10. lim (1 + 3𝑥 −1 )𝑥
𝑥→∞

Matthew E. Cañeda, MAED, March 2021 15

Agusan del Sur State college of Agriculture and Technology
Math 7 Work Text 1

Resources

YouTube

Limits

Basic Limits

https://youtu.be/BJFNtvUw-Kc
https://youtu.be/YNstP0ESndU

Limits at Infinity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nViVR1rImUE

Limits of Trigonometric Functions

https://youtu.be/7H8FU9gS9CQ

Indeterminate forms and L’hospital’s Rule

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8UeunoNeJvI
https://youtu.be/thEnl_gCjXA

eBook

James Stewart (2021). Calculus-Early Transcendentals. Retrieved on March 4, 2021 at

https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/4434h

MTH 220 CALCULUS I, Monroe Community College. Open Education Resource(OER)

LibreTexts Projectps://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/4434https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/4434

Gilbert Strang & Edwin “Jed” Herman (2021). Calculus 2. Retrieved on March 4, 2021 at
https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/4434h

https://math.libretexts.org/Courses/Remixer_University/Download_Center

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