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Preparation Material
Preparation Material
Draw sketch for raft foundation (plan and vertical section passing with
columns)and indicate the arrangement and position main reinforcement and extra
steel top& bottom also sketch the moment diagram on the foundation.
After casting: Shemidit hummer, ultra sonic, cube test (test will be done after 7 days
and 28 days), core test (will be done after cube test failed)
What are the cover and the de-shuttering for the following concrete elements? (footing,
Tie beam, Columns, Beams and slabs).
Footing (Cover= 5-7cm….. de-stuttering= 1 Day)
Tie Beam (Cover= 3cm….. de-stuttering= 2 Day)
Columns (Cover= 2.5-3cm….. de-stuttering= 2 Day)
Beams (Cover= 2.5cm….. de-stuttering= 14 Day (2L+2) where L the long span)
Slabs (Cover= 2.5cm….. de-stuttering= 14 Day (if L<3 after 7 day, if 3<L<6 after
10 day , if L<6 after 14 days)
What is the name of test which will make at site before placing footing and what is the
acceptable result?
Compaction test ( the relation between dry density and water content , result will be
95% of dry density ( also depend on specification of project)
Footing
Columns
Slabs
هي عمليه انفصال المياه وارتفاعها العلي نتيجه المياه الزايده واستخدام المفرط للهزاز
shotcreteاو اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ اﻟﻣﻘذوﻓﮫ ﯾﺗم ﺻﺑﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدﻟم ﺿﻌك اﻟﮭواء ﺣﯾث ﯾﺗم ﻗذف ﻣﻛوﻧﺎت اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ ﻋﺑر
ﺧراطﯾم ﺗﺣت ﺗﺎﺛﯾر ﺿﻐط اﻟﮭواء وﻣن ﻧﺎﺣﯾﮫ اﻟﺗدرج اﻟﺣﺑﯾﺑﻲ ﻓﺎن اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ اﻟﻣﻘذوﻓﮫ ﺗﺣﺗﺎج اﻟﻲ ﺗدرج ﺣﺑﯾﺑﻲ
ﯾﺗﻧﺎﺳب ﻣﻊ طرﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺿﺦ وﻣﻊ ﺗﺧﺎﻧﮫ اﻟﻌﻧﺎﺻر
Self-compacted concreteاﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ ذاﺗﯾﮫ اﻟدﻣك ھﻲ ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ ﻟﮭﺎ درﺟﮫ ﻋﺎﻟﯾﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺳﯾوﻟﮫ ﯾﺗم
اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻘطﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺿﯾﻘﮫ اﻟﺗﻲ ﯾﺻﻌب اﺳﺗﺧدام اﻟﮭزاز ﻓﯾﮭﺎ دون ان ﯾﺣدث ﻟﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺷﯾشSlump test =.
(60 cm (Dia
What is the acceptable result for cube test after 7 days in grade 30 and 40?
Result after 7 days not less than 75% of grade after 28 days to be successful
so the result = .75*30= 22.5 N and .75*40= 30N.
Draw reinforcemet details for the shown corbel and the connection between corbel and steel
section .
اﺛﻧﺎء ﻣراﺣل اﻟﺗﺷﯾﯾد اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎءات ذات اﻻرﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾره ﻧﺣﺗﺎج ﻟﻧﻘل ﻣواد اﻟﺑﻧﺎء .ﻓﻲ ھده اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ
ﻧﻠﺟﺄ اﻟﻲ اﺳﺗﺧدام . tower craneﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻲ high rising constructionوﯾوﺟد ﻧوﻋﺎ ن
Construction Jointﻓﺎﺻل اﻟﺻب :ھو اﻟﻔﺎﺻل اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋن ﻋﻣل ﺻﺑﺗﯾن ﻣﺗﺟﺎورﺗﯾن ﻟﻠﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ وﯾﺟب ﻋﻣل
ﻓﺎﺻل اﻟﺻب ﻓﻲ ﻣﻧطﻘﮫ اﻟﻘص اﻻﻗل . minimum shear
Expansion Jointﻓواﺻل اﻟﺗﻣدد :اﻟﻐرض ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺗﺣﻛم ﻓﻲ اﻟﺷﻘوق اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺣدث ﻓﻲ ﻟﻠﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ وﻟﺧﻔض
ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﮫ اﻟﺗﻣدد واﻻﻧﻛﻣﺎش واﻟﻣﺳﺎﻓﮫ اﻻﻓﻘﯾﮫ 40اﻟﻲ 60م وﻓﻲ اﻻﺳوار 12م.
Settlement Jointﻓﺎﺻل اﻟﮭﺑوط :اﻟﻐرض ﻣﻧﮭﺎ ﺣﻣﺎﯾﮫ اﻟﻣﺑﻧﻲ ﻣن ھﺑوط اﻟﺗرﺑﮫ واﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺳﺑب ازاﺣﮫ
راﺳﯾﮫ ﯾﻣﺗد ﻣن اﻻﺳﺎﺳﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻟﺳﻘ ف.
Control Jointﻓواﺻل اﻟﺗﺣﻛم :اﻟﻐرض ﻣﻧﮭﺎ اﻟﺳﻣﺎح ﻟﻠﺧرﺳﺎﻧﮫ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﺿﻐﺎط وﻣﻧﻊ ﺣدوث ﺷروخ ﻧﺎﺗﺟﮫ
ﻋن اﻻﻧﻛﻣﺎش
?What is the difference between damp (moisture) proofing and water proofing
What are the types of shoring used in high rise buildings? Draw sketch for each type?
Diaphragm Walls
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺣﻔر اﻟﻌﻧﯾﻖ و ﯾﻛون ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﺣﻔر اﻋﻣﻖ ﻣن ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎة اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ ﺑدرﺣﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﺟدا
Contiguous Piles
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎه اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ أﻋﻣﻖ ﻣن ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﺣﻔر و ﯾﺳﺗﺧدم ﺣﺗﻰ ﻋﻣﻖ اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺳﻛﺔ و ﯾﺗم
piles وﯾوﺟد ﻓراغ ﺑﯾن الpiles ﺗﺳﻠﯾﺢ ﺟﻣﯾﻊ ال
Secant Piles
ﺳﺗﺧدم ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺣﻔر أﻋﻣﻖ ﻣن ﻣﻧﺳوب اﻟﻣﯾﺎة اﻟﺟوﻓﯾﺔ و اﻟﺗرﺑﺔ ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺳﻛﺔ وﻻ ﯾوﺟد ﻓراﻏﺎت وﯾﺗم ﺗﺳﻠﯾﺦ
واﺣد واﻻﺧر ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻋﺎدﯾﺔ
Soldger
ﺗﺳﺗﺧدم ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﻓﻰ ﺑﯾﺎرات اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻰ و ﻛذﻟك ﺧطوط اﻟﺻرف اﻟﺻﺣﻰ و ذﻟك ﻟﺗدﻋﯾم ﺟواﻧب اﻟﺣﻔر
If the GWL is higher than the foundation level dewatering is used to pull the water 1 m
below the foundation.
Removing dewatering until weight of structure is greater than the uplift pressure so
that the water doesn’t affect the stability of the building.
If the concrete compressive strength test after 28 days failed, what should be safety if
the structure?
What are the minimum overlapping length under different straining action?
Columns 45D…
Beam& Slabs ( 60D at tension , 40D at comp.)
workability ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻄﺎزﺟﺔ ﻷﺣﺘﺒﺎر وﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﯿﻠﯿﺔ أﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
اﻟﻤﺒﺪأ ﻣﻞء ﻣﺨﺮوط اﺑﺮاﻣﺲ ﺑﺎﻟﺨﻠﻄﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ارﺑﻊ طﺒﻘﺎت و رﺻﮭﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻛﻞ ﺻﺒﺔ و ﯾﻘﺎس اﻟﮭﺒﻮط
.ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﻨﺘﺞ ﻧﻮﻋﯿﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ
Foundation = (5-7 cm)
Columns = (7-13 cm)
Slabs & Beams = (5-10 cm)
Piles = (15-20 cm)
ﯾوﺿﻊ اﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟرﺋﯾﺳﻲ ي اﻻﺗﺟﺎه اﻟرﻓرﻓﮫ اﻟطوﯾل ﻻﻧﮫ ﯾﻘﺎوم اﻟﻌزوم اﻟﻧﺎﺗﺟﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺗرﺑﮫ وﺗﻛون ﻛﺑﯾره
As per BS 1 borehole for each 300m2 … So for area 900 m2 , required 3 boreholes.
Minimum boreholes are 2.
Note: Piles Spacing = (2~5 Ф)depends on soil type, piles type and piles diameter.
Quality controlﻣﺟﻣوﻋﮫ اﻻﺟراءات اﻟﺗﻲ ﺗﺗﺧذ ﻟﻠﺗﺎﻛد ﻣن ﻣطﺎﺑﻘﮫ ﺧواص اﻟﻣواد اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺧدﻣﺔ
Quality Assuranceﻣﺟﻣوﻋﮫ اﻟﺗﻧظﯾﻣﺎت واﻟﺧطط واﻟﺑراﻣﺞ اﻟﻠزﻣﮫ واﻟﺿرورﯾﮫ ﻟﻠﺗﺎﻛد ﻣن ان اﻟﻣﻧﺷﺎ اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻲ
ﻣطﺎﺑﻖ ﻟﻠﻣواﺻﻔﺎت
ﻟو ﻋﻧدك ﺗرﺑﮫ رﻣﻠﯾﮫ ﻣﺣﻣﻠﮫ ﺣدﯾد ﻟﻠﺳﻼﺑﮫ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻣوﻗﻊ واﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟﻠﻲ ﻓﯾﮭﺎ ﻣﺻدي واﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎري ﻣﻧﻌك ﻣن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ .ﻣﺎ
اﻟﺗﺻرف اﻟﻣﻧﺎﺳب ﻻﻗﻧﺎع اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎري ﺑﺎﺳﺗﺧدام ھذا اﻟﺣدﯾد؟
ھو ﻗطﻊ ﺳﯾﺦ اﻟﺣدﯾد ﻣن ﻛل ﻗطر وﻗﯾﺎس اﻟﻘطر اﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺳﯾﺦ اي اﻧﮫ ﯾﺟب اﻗﻧﺎع اﻻﺳﺗﺷﺎري ﺑﺎن ﻗطر اﻟﺳﯾﺦ ﻟم ﯾﺗﺎﺛر ﺑﺎﻟﺻدأ
واﻟﻘطر ﺑﻘﻲ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ .ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﻋم اﻻﻗﺗﻧﺎع ﻧرﺳل ﻋﯾﻧﺎت اﻟﻲ اﻟﻣﺗﺧﺗﺑر ﻟﻠﺗﺟرﺑﮫ.
ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﮫ ﺳﻘوط ﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎت 7اﯾﺎم .ﻣﺎه و اﻻﺟراء اﻟﻣﺗﺧذ ﻓﻲ ھذه اﻟﺣﺎﻟﮫ
What is mean by safety third party certificate and when it finished and renewed and for which
?machineries you make
ﯾﺗم اﺟراءھﺎ ﻟﺟﻣﯾﻊ اﻟﻣﻌدات ﻟﻠﺗﺎﻛد ﻣن ﺳﻼﻣﺗﮭﺎ وﻣطﺎﺑﻘﺗﮭﺎ ﻟﻣواﺻﻔﺎت اﻟﺗﺷﻐﯾل وﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺟدﯾد ﻛل ﺳﻧﮫ
Bored Piles
اذا ﻛﺎن ﻟدﯾﻧﺎ ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻗوة 30وﺣﺻﻠﻧﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ 3ﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎت اﺳطواﻧﯾﺔ ﻛﺎﻟﺗﺎﻟﻰ-:
2.55و 30وN 27
ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺳﻘوط ﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎت اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﻼﺳﻘف ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل اﺧﺗﺑﺎر اﻟﺗﺣﻣﯾل ﻛﺎﻷﺗﻰ:
يتم تحميل السقف بالحمل االكبر من ))(1 ⅛ L.L + D.L) OR (1.25(L.L + D.L.
ﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺣﻣﯾل و ﯾﻘﺎس اﻟﺗرﺧﯾم ﻳﺘﻢ رﻓﻊ اﻟﺣﻣل و �ﻘﺎس رﺟوع اﻟﺗرﺧﯾم
اﻟﻧﺗﺎﺋﺞ-:
-1اﻟرﺟوع ﻓﻰ اﻟﺗرﺧﯾم > %75ﻣن اﻻﻧﺣﺎء اﻟﻛﻠﻰ ﯾﻌﺗﺑر اﻟﺳﻘف ﻧﺎﺟﺢ واذا ﻛﺎن اﻛﺑر ﯾﻌﺎد اﻻﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﻣرة
اﺧرى واذا ﻓﺷل اﻟﺧﺗﺑﺎر ﯾﻛﺳر اﻟﺳﻘف
االحماض و القلويات
المواد العضوية
الكبريتات
الرطوبة و ادخنة المصانع
صدأالحديد
سوء تصنيع الخرسانة
سوء تحميل الخرسانة
ﻛﯾف ﺗﻣﯾز ﺑﯾن ھﺑوط ﻋﺎﻟﻰ ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋن زﯾﺎدة ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء ﻓﻰ اﻟﺧﻠطﺔ اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ أو ﻧﺎﺗﺞ ﻋن زﯾﺎدة اﻟﻣﻠدﻧﺎت اﺛﻧﺎء ﻋﻣل
slump
هﺑوط زﯾﺎدة ﻧﺳﺑﺔ اﻟﻣﺎء ﯾﻛون ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻏﯾر ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺳﻛﺔ اﻣﺎ ھﺑوط اﻟﻣﻠدﻧﺎت ﻓﺗﻛون اﻟﺧﻠطﺔ ﻣﺗﻣﺎﺳﻛﺔ.
What is the difference between target mean strength and characteristic strength
?for concrete
Fm = Fc + K x S
Poor strip
ھﻰ ﺷرﯾﺣﺔ ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻧدﻣﺎ ﺗﻛون اطراف اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ و ذﻟك ﻟﻠﺳﻣﺎح ﻟﻠﺑﻼطﺔ ﺑﺎﻻﻧﻛﻣﺎش ﺗﺣت ﺗﺄﺛﯾر اﻟﺷد و
ﺗوﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺳﺎﻓﺎت ﻓﻰ ﺣدود 44ﻣﺗروﻻ ﺗزﯾد ﻋن ذﻟك ﺣﺗﻰ ﻻ ﺗﺗوﻟد ﺣرﻛﺔ ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻋﻧد اﻻطراف
ﻣﻣﺎ ﯾؤدى اﻟﻰ اﺟﮭﺎدات ﻛﺑﯾرة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻻﻋﻣدة.
Grouting Usage
ھﻰ ﻣﺎدة ﺗﺗﺣﻣل اﻻﺟﮭﺎدات اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯾﺔ وﺗﻧﻘﻠﮭﺎ ﻣن اﻟﺣدﯾد اﻟﻰ اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﺗﻌﻣل ﻛﻛل ﻛوﺣدة و اﺣدة.
Duct
ﯾﺎﺧذ ال ductﺷﻛل .B.Mو ھو ﺧط اﻟﺷد ﻓﻰ اﻟﺑﻼطﺔ اﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﯾﺔ وﻟذﻟك ﯾﺗم رﻓﻌﺔ ﺑﻛراﺳﻰ ﺑﻘﯾم
ﻣﻌﯾﻧﺔ ﻟﻠﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ھذا اﻟﺧط وﯾﺗم ﺗدﺑﯾس اﻟﻛرﺳﻰ ﻟﻣﻧﻌﮫ ﻣن اﻟﺣرﻛﺔ
Anchors
ھﻰ رؤوس ﻣﻌدﻧﯾﺔ ﯾﺗم اﻟﺷد ﻋﻧدھﺎ و ﺗﺛﺑت ﻓﻰ ﺟﺎﻧب اﻟﺷدة وﯾﺑرز ﻋﻧدھﺎ اﯾﺿﺎ ﺧرطوم اﻟﺣﻘن
Flowers
ﺗﺷﻛل ﻟرؤوس اﻟﻛﺎﺑﻼت ﻛﻧﻘطﺔ ﺗﺛﺑﯾت ﻟﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﻛﺎﺑل و ﺗﺄﺧذ ﺷﻛل اﻟوردة ﺣﺗﻰ ﺗﺗﻣﺳك
ﺑﺎﻟﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﻻ ﺗﻧزﻟﻖ وﻻ ﯾﻐطﻰ ھذا اﻟﺟزء ب ductﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺑﻼطﺎت اﻟﻛﺑﯾرة ﯾﺗم اﻟﺷد ﻣن
اﻟﺟﮭﺗﯾن و ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺑﻼطﺎت اﻟﺻﻐﯾرة ﯾﻧك اﻟﺷد ﻣن ﺟﮭﺔواﺣدة
ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل ﺷد ﻣﺑدﺋﻰ ﺑﻌد 24~16ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﻋﻧد اﻟﺣﺻول ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗوة ﺧرﺳﺎﻧﺔ وﯾﺗم اﻟﺗﺄﻛد ﻋن طرﯾﻖ
ﻛﺳر اﻟﻣﻛﻌﺑﺎت ﻏﺎﻟﺑﺎ ﺑﻌد ارﺑﻌﺔ اﯾﺎم ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل اﻟﺷد اﻟﻧﮭﺎﺋﻰ وﺑﻌدة ﻣﻣﻛن ﻓك اﻟﺷدة ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋدم
ﺗﺣﻣﯾﻠﺔ ﺑﺳﻘف اﺧر ﺛم ﯾﺗم ﻋﻣل اﻟﺟروﺗﻧﺞ.
Thermal Modulus
10 ^-5 = متر من المادة معبرا عنه مم لكل درجة مئوية و للخرسانة1 هو مقدار التمدد لـ
( mm / m / c⁰ ) 1.2 x 10^-5 = و للحديد
Poisson’s Ratio ( µ)
هى قيمة نسبة االنفعال العرضى المصاحب لالنفعال الطولى و تستخدم فى التصميم
For concrete = 0.15
For Steel = 0.25
Sec.x
S/3
S/3 S/3
S
1m
1m
اﻟﺣﻣل اﻻﻣن1.5~2 اﻟﺣﻣل ﯾزداد اﻟﻰ ان ﯾﺻلx 75 75 أوx 45 45 أوx 30 30 ﻗﺎﻋدة اﻟﺟﮭﺎز ﺑﻣﺳﺎﺣﺔ
ﯾﺗرك اﻟﺣﻣل ﻟﻣدة اﺳﺑوع
ﺳﺎﻋﺔ وﺗﺳﺟل ﻗﯾﻣﺔ اﻟﮭﺑوط ﻣﻊ ﻛل ﺣﻣل ﺗرﺳم اﻟﻌﻼﻗﺔ وتﺣدد ﻧﻘطﺔ اﻟﺗﻌﺎدل اﻟﺣﻣل اﻻﻗﺻﻰ12 ﺗﺄﺧذ اﻟﻘراءات ﻛل
اﻟﺣﻣل اﻻﻗﺻﻰ ﻟﻠﺗﺻﻣﯾم = اﻟﺣﻣل اﻻﻗﺻﻰ ﻣﻘﺳوم ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻣل اﻻﻣﺎن
What is the scaffolding type for slab and core wall for high rise building
For slabs panel forms (DOKA :ex, the doka flex floor system for slabs)
For core climbing system with platforms.
-Drainage can’t be directly free fall (vertical u shape pipe will be each 4 floors)
-If height > 55 m hocks should be used for cradles robes
-Standard ultimate yield load = 4 tons, but we consider 600~700 kg during design
for the slab shutter
-Maximum opening for any base jack should not exceed 20 cm , in order to avoid
buckling for this member