2-Bay General Aircraft Maintenance Hangar Project

SECTION 051200 - STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING Dar l-Handasah Consulatants (Shair & Partners) , 2/7/2023, 2:30:42 PM

PART 1 - GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY

A. Related documents: Drawings, Bill of quantitities and Method of measurements.

B. Scope: This specification covers the material, use and construction of 2-Bay aircraft mintinace hangar project,
which includes the following:

- Space trus roof ball noded type.

- Steel columns, bracing and all related items

- Base plates, anchor bolts, bolts and slfdrilling bolts.

- Crane runway steel beams and all crane related items.

- Steel purlines and sag rords

- Steel staircase

1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE

1.2.1 Quality System: Comply with ISO 9001/9002 Quality System as a minimum. Incorporate all the standard
procedures supplied by the Owner\Engineer.

1.2.2 Codes and Standards

A. Eurocdes for steel, bolts, welding and fabrication.

B. ANSI/AISC 360-05 Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - ASD (13th Edition)

C. ANSI/AISC 341-05 Seismic Provisions for Structural Steel Buildings

D. ASTM A 36 Specification for Steel Shapes, Plates, and Bars - 235MPa Yield Strength

E. ASTM A 123M Specification for Zinc (Hot Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron and Steel Products

F. ASTM A 153M Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

G. BS3692 – Grade 8.8 Specification for High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints

H. ASTM A792 Grade 50B for roof sheeting walls.

I. ANSI/AWS D1 Structural Welding Code

J. AWS QC1 Standard and Guide for Qualification and Certification of Welding Inspectors

K. OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Act (or equivalent)

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L. BS EN10025 Hot Rolled Products of Non-Alloy Structural Steels

M. DIN 17100 Steel for General Structural Purposes, Quality Standard

Definitions:
AISC American Institute of Steel Construction
ANSI American National Standard Institute
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AWS American Welding Society
BS British Standards Institute
DIN Deutsches Institut fur Normung

1.2.3 All design and costruction shall be in accordance with the above codes and standards.

1.2.4 Design

A. Design of connections that necessary for the completion of the work, shall be performed by a qualified engineer
on behalf of the Contractor according to Eurocodes or equivalent DIN or BS Standards. Submit details of
proposed connection details to Owner\Engineer for review prior to issue of shop details.

B. Design steel ball noded connections according to forces or guidelines indicated on the Drawings.

C. Engineering Responsibility: Engage a fabricator who utilizes a qualified professional engineer to prepare
calculations, Shop Drawings, and other structural data for structural steel connections.

1.2.5 Qualifications of Contractors

A. Fabricator Qualifications: A qualified fabricator experienced in fabricating structural steel similar to that
indicated for this Project and with a record of successful in-service performance, as well as sufficient
production capacity to fabricate structural steel without delaying the Work.

B. Installer Qualifications: A qualified installer completed structural steel work similar in material, design, and
extent to that indicated for this Project and with a record of successful in-service performance.

C. Professional Engineer Qualifications: A professional engineer who is legally authorized to practice in the
jurisdiction where Project is located and who is experienced in providing engineering services of the kind
indicated. Engineering services are defined as those performed for projects with structural steel framing that
are similar to that indicated for this Project in material, design, and extent.

D. Welding shall be performed by a certified welder.

E. Welding Qualifications: Qualify procedures and personnel according to Eurocodes, "Structural Welding Code
- Steel."

1. Present evidence that each welder has satisfactorily passed Eurocode/AWS qualification tests for
welding processes involved and, if pertinent, has undergone recertification.
2. Welders and welding operators performing work on bottom-flange, demand-critical welds shall pass
the supplemental welder qualification testing, as required by Eurocode/AWS D1.8/D1.8M. shall be
considered separate processes for welding personnel qualification.

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F. Submit copies of proficiency certificates for welders appropriate to the class of work on which they are
engaged. All Welders’ certificates shall be currently valid. If re-certification of welders’ certificates is required,
the re-testing and any associated cost shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.

1.2.6 Inspection and Testing

A. All welding inspectors shall have certification as per Eurocodes requirements, BS requirments or equivalent
AWS Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) in accordance with the provisions of AWS QC1.

B. In addition to the testing and inspection performed by the Contractor, the Owner\Engineer may request
additional inspection and testing by an independent company, where deemed necessary, to ensure compliance
with this Specification. The cost of such additional testing shall be borne by the Contractor.

C. Notify the Owner\Engineer at commencement of shop work and field work so that testing or inspection may
be scheduled.

D. Before commencement of final bolt torquing, arrange for independent testing to derive job inspection torque
24 hours prior to testing.

E. When defects are revealed, additional inspection or testing may be required. The Contractor shall pay for such
additional testing or inspection.

F. The minimum inspection of welding shall be as follows:

1.2.6.1 Visual Examination of Welds

A. All structural steel welding and adjacent surface shall be 100% visually inspected for the following:

1. Cracks in the weld or adjacent surfaces

2. Slag inclusions
3. Porosity
4. Lack of fusion at the edge of weld
5. Undercut
6. Concave weld profile
7. Excessively convex weld bead
8. Poor transition between weld and members welded
9. Lack of alignment between components of joint
10. Lack of penetration at the root of the weld
11. Excessive penetration bead.

B. The criteria for the acceptance of butt welds shall be as follows:

1. Cracks, undercuts, lack of penetration, lack of side wall fusion not permitted.
2. Porosity not greater than 2 mm or group porosity not greater than 3 mm or slag inclusions not greater
than 3 mm long in any direction permitted, provided that there are not more than a total of 3 such defects
per 100 mm weld.

C. The criteria for the acceptance of fillet welds shall be as follows:

1. Cracks not permitted

2. Porosity not greater than 3 mm permitted, provided that there are not more than three occurrences per
100 mm of fillet weld.
3. All tests shall be carried out by an approved firm and the results examined by an approved welding
inspector, and a report by the inspector furnished to the Owner\Engineer assessing the results in
accordance with the criteria.

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4. If an unacceptable weld is found in a test group, an additional 10% of the weld type or group of welds
shall be inspected as described above. Inspection cycles shall be continued until no defects are found in
a 10% test group.
5. Weld repairs necessitated by visual or non-destructive test examinations shall be made in accordance
with the procedure used to perform the original weld, and shall be re-inspected by the same method
which disclosed the repair defect.

D. The cost of all corrective work shall be borne by the Contractor.

1.2.6.2 Testing of Welds

A. The Contractor shall non-destructively test the following test groups:

1. 10% of each type of weld and weld procedure less than 900 mm in length, performed by each welder;
2. 10% of the length of each weld and weld procedure that is 900 mm or more in length, performed by
each welder;

B. 100 % of tension butt welds in main members, butt welds shall be examined using radiographic testing,

C. Welds to be inspected shall be selected at random to represent all the welding work,

D. Fillet welds and partial penetration welds shall be magnetic particle inspected in accordance with ASTM E
709,

E. Full penetration welds shall be ultrasonically inspected in accordance with ANSI/AWS D1.1 and in accordance
with ASTM E 164. Ultrasonic examination shall be used where any other inspection cannot be performed.

1.2.7 Quality Control: Submit for approval a method statement of the system of quality control to be used in
fabrication and erection, complying with AISC, and AWS including proposed welding procedure. An approved
quality control engineer is to be assigned for the complete duration of the work to ensure proper performance.

1.3 SUBMITTALS

1.3.1 Connections

A. The Contractor shall submit a method statement for connections design prior to developing shop drawings.

B. Contractor to submit a letter stating that all connections have been designed and detailed according to the
specifications, and that they have been designed or checked by a qualified engineer.

C. Welding Procedure Specifications (WPSs) and Procedure Qualification Records (PQRs): Provide according
to AWS D1.1/D1.1M, "Structural Welding Code - Steel," for each welded joint whether prequalified or
qualified by testing, including the following:

1. Power source (constant current or constant voltage).

2. Electrode manufacturer and trade name, for demand critical welds.

1.3.2 Shop Drawings

A. The Steel supplier shall submit two (2) copies of all shop and erection drawings to Owner\Engineer for review
and comment prior to fabrication, one copy of which will be returned to the Contractor within three (3) weeks

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from receipt. Show framing, plate, grid lines, erection plans, bearing and anchorage details, framed openings,
accessories, schedule of materials, camber and loadings, fasteners.

1. Include details of cuts, connections, splices, holes, and other pertinent data.
2. Include embedment drawings.
3. Indicate welds by standard AWS symbols, distinguishing between shop and field welds, and show size,
length, and type of each weld. Show backing bars that are to be removed and supplemental fillet welds
where backing bars are to remain.
4. Indicate method of torquing bolts and connections and other work not indicated on the drawings.
Indicate type, size, and length of bolts, distinguishing between shop and field bolts.
5. Identify methods of erection and calculations of erection stresses.
6. Identify methods of bracing and temporary elements.
7. Provide setting drawings, templates, and directions for installation of anchor bolts and other anchorage
to be installed as work of others sections.
8. Calculations and drawings for the steel connections.
9. Calculations and drawings for ball noded connections of the steel truss.

B. Shop drawings for review by Owner\Engineer shall be submitted on A2 size paper for details and A0 size paper
for general arrangement. Final certified drawings shall be submitted on transparent plastic film.

C. For plate work and large welded connections indicate sequence and method of placing weldments.

D. Shop drawings shall be signed by a qualified engineer working for the Contractor who is assuming
responsibility for design of the connections.

1.3.3 Review by Engineer

A. The Owner\Engineer will review the shop drawings for general compliance with the contract documents only,
which does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for the adequacy of connection details, the accuracy
of the detail dimensions or shop details, nor the fit up parts to be assembled. Further, the review of “Shop
Drawings” by the Owner\Engineer does not relieve the Contractor of the responsibility for errors made by the
Contractor or for changes made by the Contractor from the Engineering design drawings or specifications not
covered by the Contractor’s written notification (or submitted diagrams) to the Owner/Engineer and his written
acceptance (or revised construction drawings) of such change.

1.3.4 Reference Drawings

A. All shop drawings shall be referenced to the related design drawings. The Contractor shall supply necessary
instructions and drawings for setting bearing plates, anchor bolts and other members that are to be built in. The
Contractor shall deliver all necessary materials to site at such intervals to ensure uninterrupted progress of
work.

1.3.5 Informational Submittals

A. Qualification Data: Qualification data for firms and persons specified in the "Quality Assurance" Article to
demonstrate their capabilities and experience. Include lists of completed projects with project names and
addresses, names and addresses of architects/engineers and owners, and other information specified.

B. Product Data: For each type of product indicated. Submit producer's or manufacturer's specifications and
installation instructions. Include mill test reports in accordance with ASTM A 6, laboratory test reports and
other data to show compliance with specifications (including specified standards) for the following products:

1. Structural steel (each type), including certified copies of mill reports covering chemical and physical
properties.
1. Bolts, nuts, and washers, including mechanical properties and chemical analysis.

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2. Tension-control, highstrength bolt-nut-washer assemblies.

3. Direct-tension indicators.
4. Shop primers.
5. Nonshrink grout.
6. Welding electrodes.
7. Anchor bolts.

C. Materials supplied by the Contractor shall be covered by mill test certificates. Mill certificates shall be made
available to the Owner\Engineer upon request. All steel shall have identification markings to reference the mill
certificates. No fabrication shall commence until Contractor has submitted mill certificates to Owner/Engineer
and received written acceptance.

D. Welding certificates.

E. Test Reports: Submit copies of reports of tests conducted on shop and field bolted and welded connections.
Include data on type(s) of tests conducted and test results. State compliance or non-compliance with
specifications.

F. Paint Compatibility Certificates: From manufacturers of topcoats applied over shop primers, certifying that
shop primers are compatible with topcoats.

G. Source quality-control reports.

H. Surveys: Submit for information certified copies of each survey conducted by an approved engineer, showing
elevations and locations of base plates and anchor bolts to receive structural steel, and final elevations and
locations for major members. Indicate discrepancies between actual installation and contract documents.

I. No fabrication work is to commence before approval of test reports and submittals.

J. As-Built Drawings: At project closeout, submit Record “As-Built” Drawings of completed work products, in
accordance with requirements of the Specification.

1.3.6 Alternatives

A. Substitution of alternative sizes or grades of steelwork only permitted with written approval by the
Owner/Engineer.

1.4 PRODUCT DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING

A. Deliver structural steel to Project site in such quantities and at such times to ensure continuity of installation.

B. Handle all structural steel with care, having due regard for paint finish. Ship and store members with cardboard
or other resilient spacers. Use lifting chokers made of materials that will not damage surface finish of steel
members. Store steel members above ground on pallets or by other means and in such a manner to permit easy
inspection and identification. Store materials to permit easy access for inspection and identification. Protect
steel members and packaged materials from corrosion and deterioration.

1. Do not store materials on structure in a manner that might cause distortion, damage, or overload to
members or supporting structures. Repair or replace damaged materials or structures as directed.

C. Store fasteners in a protected place in sealed containers with manufacturer's labels intact.

1. Fasteners may be repackaged provided Owner's testing and inspecting agency observes repackaging
and seals containers.

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2. Clean and relubricate bolts and nuts that become dry or rusty before use.
3. Comply with manufacturers' written recommendations for cleaning and lubricating ASTM F 1852
fasteners and for retesting fasteners after lubrication.

D. Manufactured items are to be delivered in original packages, containers etc. bearing name of manufacturer and
brand. Each piece of material is to bear the official grade and trade mark of the association under whose rules
it is graded or is to be accompanied by a certificate of inspection issued by that association.

E. The unpainted mating surfaces for slip critical bolted connections shall be protected against corrosion during
transit, during erection and prior to field painting. The Contractor shall submit details of proposed protection
system to the Owner\Engineer for review and approval.

F. Steelwork shall not be delivered to the site without prior approval of the Owner\Engineer and a minimum of
one weeks’ notice shall be given of scheduled deliveries.

G. Each piece of fabricated steel shall be identified with a waterproof mark/number corresponding to that shown
on the shop detail and erection drawing.

1.5 SEQUENCING

A. Supply anchorage items to be embedded in or attached to other construction without delaying the Work.
Provide setting diagrams, templates, instructions, and directions, as required, for installation.

1.6 COORDINATION

A. Coordinate selection of shop primers with topcoats to be applied over them. Comply with paint and coating
manufacturers' recommendations to ensure that shop primers and topcoats are compatible with one another.

B. Coordinate installation of anchorage items, anchor bolts and its devices to be embedded in cast-in-place
concrete or attached to other construction without delaying the Work. Provide setting diagrams, sheet metal
templates, instructions, and directions for installation.

PART 2 - PRODUCTS

2.1 STRUCTURAL-STEEL MATERIALS

A. Metal Surfaces, General: For fabrication of work which will be exposed to view, use only materials which are
smooth and free of surface blemishes including pitting, rust and scale seam marks, roller marks, rolled trade
names and roughness. Remove such blemishes by grinding, or by welding and grinding, prior to cleaning,
treating and application of surface finishes. (All structural steel material is to be from chinees origin.

B. Structural Steel Shapes and Plates are to conform:

1. Carbon Steel: for all hotrolloed sections and builtup section with thickness less than 16mm shall have
a minimum yield stress of 355 N/mm2 or and builtup sections with steel plates equal or grater than
16mm shall have a a minimum yield stress of 335 N/mm2.

2.2 BOLTS, CONNECTORS, AND ANCHORS (Acceptable Sources – chinees)

A. Anchor Rods, Bolts, Nuts, and Washers: As follows:

1. Un-headed anchor bolts: ASTM F1554, Grade 105 with minimum yield strength of 724 N/mm 2,
typically used, or Grade 55 with minimum yield strength of 380 N/mm 2, as specified.
a. Nuts: ASTM A 563 (ASTM A 563M) heavy-hex carbon steel.

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b. Plate Washers: ASTM A 36/A 36M carbon steel.

c. Washers: ASTM F 436 (ASTM F 436M), Type 1, hardened carbon steel.

B. All structural steel connection bolts shall be BS3692 – Grade 8.8 or higher Specification for High-Strength
Bolts for Structural Steel Joints

C. Direct-Tension Indicators:
1. ASTM F 959, Type 490, uncoated.

2.3 Welding Consumables

A. All welding consumables shall be in accordance with ANSI/AWS 01.1 and compatible with the base material
being welded. Conform to AWS Code and AWS Filler Metal Specifications. Select materials which are
suitable for use with types of steel to be joined.

B. Metal-Arc Welding Electrodes: to E70XX series of the Specification for Mild Steel Covered Arc-Welding
Electrodes, AWS A5.1, or the Specification for Low-Alloy Steel Covered Arc-Welding Electrodes,
AWS A5.5.

C. Bare Electrodes and Granular Flux used in the submerged-arc process are to conform to F7 X-EXXX AWS
flux classifications of the Specification for Base Mild Steel Electrodes and Fluxes for Submerged Arc Welding,
AWS A5.17, or A 5.23 or the of AISC "Specification for the Design, Fabrication and Erection of Structural
Steel for Buildings."

2.4 Non Shrink Grout

A. Non-shrink Rheoplastic Expansive Cement Grout shall be very fast set anchoring, free flowing, non-shrink,
non-ferrous, rheoplastic, oil resistant, water resistant with early application of load and comply with CE-CRD-
C621.

B. Have a minimum compressive strength of 25 MPa after 6 hours and 60 MPa after 24 hours. Have a minimum
flexural strength of 10 MPa.

C. Coefficient of thermal expansion 11x10-6 / C. Fresh wet density of minimum 2000 kg/m3. Setting time 20-30
min. at 35 deg C.

2.5 FABRICATION

2.7.1 General

A. Fabricate to Eurocodes or AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Specification and Code of Practice or similar
approved internationally recognized standard. The Contractor shall inform the Owner/Engineer prior to
fabrication of steel work commencing to permit him to inspect the works and assembly conditions.

2.7.2 Welding

A. The welding of steel, including tack welds to be incorporated in the finished work, shall comply with
ANSI/AWS 01.1. Details of welding procedures shall be submitted for approval in accordance with
ANSI/AWS D1.1.

B. The length of tack welds which shall be incorporated in the finished work shall not be less than four times the
thickness of the thickest plate or 50 mm, whichever is the smaller.

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2.7.3 Connections

A. Shop connections may be bolted or welded. Only bolted connections shall be permitted for field assembly,
unless noted otherwise.

B. Use BS3692 – Grade 8.8 or higher Specification for High-Strength Bolts for Structural Steel Joints

C. Use 20mm diameter bolts (minimum) or as indicate on the drawings. Design bolted connections as end plate
connections or double angle (if needed). Joints transmitting compression by direct compression shall have
their member ends machined.

D. All bolts shall be provided with washers under the nut and two washers for slip critical connections. Tapered
washers shall be provided on the inside of the flanges of steel joists and channels where required. For bolts
connecting metal coated steel, provide washers under the nut and head. The minimum number of bolts in line
per connection shall be not less than four (4).

E. Cleats (clip angles) shall be fixed to project 2 mm beyond the end of simply supported members.

1. Do not distort or enlarge holes when using drift pins.

2. Do not use drift pins of larger diameter than holes.
3. Report any misalignment of holes to Owner/Engineer.
4. Reaming of holes is not permitted except for minor connections and subject to written approval

2.7.4 Splicing

A. Splicing of rolled or welded sections shall not be permitted unless approved by the Engineer. Where approved,
splices shall achieve full strength of base metal and be subject to full non-destructive testing unless noted
otherwise on drawings. Submit details of splice for approval prior to fabrication.

2.7.5 Dissimilar Metals

A. Separate dissimilar metals to prevent galvanic corrosion, using plastic film, fibrated paint, or other suitable
medium.

2.7.6 Straightening of Steel

A. Rolled materials before being worked, shall be straight. If straightening is necessary, it shall be done by
methods approved by the Owner/Engineer. Following the straightening of a bend or buckle, the surface of the
metal shall be carefully inspected for evidence of fracture. Sharp bends and/or kinks in steel members shall be
cause for rejection of material.

2.7.7 Cutting

A. Precise lengths shall be cold-sawn.

B. Edges which are to be butt welded or machined after cutting or cut lengths which are not vital, may be hot-
sawn or machine gas cut.

C. All burrs left by cutting shall be removed and sharp arises are to be lightly ground down.

D. Undercut gusset plates will not be accepted. Sheared plates shall be flattened.

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2.7.8 Flame Cutting

A. Do not use flame cutting equipment on site without approval.

B. Flame cut by machine. Flame-cut edges which will be subject to substantial stress or which are to have metal
deposited on them shall be reasonably free from gouges. Occasional notches or gouges not more than 3 mm
deep shall be permitted. Gouge marks greater than 3 mm that remain from cutting shall be removed by grinding.
Shape all re-entrant corners to a radius of at least 15 mm.

2.7.9 Holes

A. All holes shall comply with the requirements of Eurocodes or AISC Manual of Steel Construction,
Specification Section M5. Gas-blown holes shall not be permitted. Holes through more than one thickness of
material for members such as compound stanchion and girder flanges shall be drilled after the members are
assembled and tightly clamped or bolted together.

B. When holes are drilled in one operation through two or more separable parts, these parts, when so specified by
the Engineer, shall be separated after drilling and the burrs removed.

C. All matching holes and black bolts shall register with each other so that a gauge 2 mm less in diameter than
the diameter of the hole will pass freely through the assembled members in a direction of right angles to such
members. Finished holes shall not be more than 2 mm in diameter bigger than the bolt passing through them,
unless otherwise specified.

2.2.11 Painting – Structural Steel

A. Coating system shall generally conform to:

1. Scope: The outer surface where temperature is up to 35°c.

2. Surface Preparation: SA2½ or SSPC–sp6 Amplitude of grit blast profile: 25-50 microns
3. Ambient Application Conditions: 4º c min-43º c max. Humidity range 0%-85%

Primer One coat of zinc phosphate primer (after max. 2 hours of blasting
operation) of 55% solid, 50-70 micron dry film thickness.

Intermediate / Final Two coats of zinc phosphate or equivalent after curing of primer
Coat (24 hours). Color of this coat is to be different than the primer
above.

B. Total dry film thickness (DFT) of paint system 250-300 microns.

C. In case the steel structure will not covered by fire rated gypsum boared, all steel columns, main beams and
secondary beams shall paint with fire rated intumescent paint.

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PART 2 - EXECUTION

2.1 EXAMINATION

A. Before erection proceeds, and with steel Erector present, verify elevations of concrete- and masonry-bearing
surfaces and locations of anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments for compliance with requirements.

1. Prepare a certified survey of bearing surfaces, anchor rods, bearing plates, and other embedments
showing dimensions, locations, angles, and elevations.

B. Do not proceed with erection until unsatisfactory conditions have been corrected.

2.2 PREPARATION

A. Provide temporary shores, guys, braces, and other supports during erection to keep structural steel secure,
plumb, and in alignment against temporary construction loads and loads equal in intensity to design loads.
Remove temporary supports when permanent structural steel, connections, and bracing are in place unless
otherwise indicated.

1. Do not remove temporary shoring supporting composite deck construction until cast-in-place concrete
has attained its design compressive strength.

2.3 ERECTION

3.3.1 General

A. Erect according to Eurocode or AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Specification for the Design, Fabrication
and Erection of Structural Steel for Buildings, or similar internationally recognized standard.

B. Make provisions for erection procedures, temporary bracing and loads during erection .. Contractor shall
furnish the Owner/Engineer with 2 copies of the Contractor's erection (assembly) drawings.

C. The steelwork shall be erected under the direction of a competent, experienced supervisor.

3.3.2 Bolt Tightening

A. Minimum diameter of bolts shall be 20 mm unless noted otherwise.

B. Tighten bolts in accordance with the Standard Specification of Eurocodes or ASTM A490M (or approved
equal). Use one of the following methods:

1. Turn of Nut Method. Follow requirements of Eurocde or ASTM A490M (or approved equal). Before
commencing work, test a representative sample with not less than 3 bolt and nut assemblies in a device
capable of indicating bolt tension. The test shall demonstrate that the method of estimating the snug
tight condition and controlling the turns from snug tight develops a tension not less than 5% greater
than the specified tension. The snug tight condition is attained by a few impacts of an impact wrench,
or the full effort of a person using an ordinary spud wrench.
2. Calibrated Torque Wrench. Follow the requirements of Eurocdes or ASTM A490M (or approved
equal). Have an independent testing agency determine job torques before installation commences.
Thereafter, calibrate the procedure on a daily basis. Use hardened washers under the turned elements.
3. Direct Tension Indicator Tightening. Follow the requirements of Eurocodes or ASTM A490M (or
approved equal). Before commencing work, test a representative sample of not less than three devices
with three typical bolts in a calibration device capable of indicating bolt tension. The calibration test

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shall demonstrate that the device indicates a tension not less than 5% greater than the specified tension.
An acceptable type of direct tension indicator is the load indicating washer, manufactured by Cooper
& Turner Inc.

C. Inspection of bolt tightening shall be in accordance with Standard Specification Eurocodes or ASTM A490M.

D. For slip critical connections, use two washers.

3.3.3 Alterations

A. Do not alter members in field without approval of Owner/Engineer in writing.

3.3.4 Holes

A. Field drill holes where required in existing members.

3.3.5 Tolerances

A. According to Eurocodes or AISC Manual of Steel Construction, Specification and Code of Practice, and as
follows:

1. The permissible dimensional deviations for structural steel elements above foundations shall be:
a. For any nominally horizontal surface measured from the nearest reference level
+/- 5 mm for dimensions greater than 3 m
+/- 3 mm for dimensions less than 3 m
b. For any nominally vertical surface measured from the nearest reference level
+/- 5 mm for dimensions greater than 3 m
+/- 3 mm for dimensions less than 3 m
2. Notwithstanding the tolerances permitted above, the following shall apply:
a. Cross section of built-up members. The permissible deviation of cross sectional dimensions of
built up members from that shown on the drawings shall be +/- 3mm or +/-1 :500, whichever
is the smaller unless otherwise indicated on the drawings.
b. Plumbness: The permissible deviation in plumbness of elements shall be 1:500
c. Bow: The permissible deviation in bow shall be 1/1000 of the length of the members.
3. The maximum permissible overall deviations for horizontal and vertical dimensions shall not exceed
+/- 1:1000 or +/- 20 mm.

3.3.6 Field Touch-Up of Shop Paint

A. Spot paint field connections and field welds. At completion of erection, clean and touch up paint to bolts,
welds, burned or scratched surfaces, erection marks and surfaces marked due to handling and shipping.

B. Refer to bill of quantities for Coating Systems for Steel

PART 3 - QUALITY CONTROL

A. Engage an independent and approved testing and inspection agency to inspect high-strength bolted connections
and welded connections and to perform tests and prepare test reports, on the contractor expense.

B. The Engineer reserves the right to call for additional tests confirming compliance with the specifications. The
cost of such tests should be born by the Contractors. If the material is “Substitute” material proposed by the
contractor, the cost of all such testing, should be born by the contractor.

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C. Testing agency shall conduct and interpret tests and state in each report whether test specimens comply with
requirements, and specifically state any deviations therefrom.

D. Provide access for testing agency to places where structural steel work is being fabricated or produced so that
required inspection and testing can be accomplished.

E. Testing agency may inspect structural steel at plant before shipment; however. Engineer reserves right, at any
time before final acceptance, to reject material not complying with specified requirements.

F. Correct deficiencies in structural steel work which inspections and laboratory test reports have indicated to be
not in compliance with requirements. Perform additional tests, at Contractor's expense, as may be necessary
to reconfirm any non-compliance of original work, and as may be necessary to show compliance of corrected
work.

G. Shop Bolted Connections: Inspect and test in accordance with Eurocde or AISC specifications and
recommendations.

H. Shop Welding: Inspect and test during fabrication of structural steel assemblies, as follows:

1. Certify welders and conduct inspections and tests as required. Record types and locations of defects
found in work. Record work required and performed to correct deficiencies.
2. Perform visual inspection of all welds.
3. Perform tests of welds as follows: For fillet wels on 10% of all weld lengths, as a first testing round,
depending on the test results, it is the engineer's perogative to extend the testing process at no extra cost,
or/and to instruct the contractor to replace the welders. For butt welds, perform the tests on 100% of
all weld length.
a. Fillet Welds
- Liquid Penetrant Inspection: Eurocde or ASTM E 165, or,
- Magnetic Particle Inspection: Eurocde or ASTM E 109; performed on root pass and on
finished weld of fillet welds at random. Cracks or zones of incomplete fusion or penetration
not acceptable.
b. Butt Welds
- Radiographic Inspection: Eurocde or ASTM E 94 and ASTM E 142; minimum quality level
"2-2T", or,
- Ultrasonic Inspection: Eurocde or ASTM E 164.

I. Field Bolted Connections: Inspect in accordance with Eurocde or AISC specifications. Observe installation
of all bolts and conform proper use and compression of load indicator washers at all slip critical bolts.

J. Weld defects: cracks, overlaps, lack of penetration or incomplete fusion shall not be allowed.

K. Lamination tests: carry out ultrasonic testing for lamination on all head plates for moment connections (15
mm thick or above) in accordance with Eurocde, DIN 54120 or ASTM E 164.

L. Non-shrink grout: prepare 50 mm cubes and test for compressive strength in accordance with Eurocde or
ASTM C 109.

M. Tolerances: The permissible deviation of fabricated and erected structures are to be in accordance with the
limitations of the Eurocde or AISC.

N. Equipment: provide necessary facilities and equipment for specified tests in the fabrication shop and on site.
Calibrate load measuring equipment at regular intervals agreed with Engineer.

O. Results: submit three copies of test and examination results to Engineer immediately they are available.

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 051200 - 13/14

 2-Bay General Aircraft Maintenance Hangar Project

PART 4 - CLEANING

A. Touch up Painting: Immediately after erection, clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas of
shop paint. Apply paint to exposed areas using same material as used for shop painting.
1. Apply by brush or spray to provide a minimum dry film thickness of 1.5 mils (0.038 mm).

B. Touch up Painting: Cleaning and touchup painting of field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas of
shop paint on structural steel are included in the bill of quantities.

C. Galvanized Surfaces: Clean field welds, bolted connections, and abraded areas and apply galvanizing repair
paint according to Eurocde or ASTM A 780.

END OF SECTION 051200

STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMING 051200 - 14/14