FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

FACILITATING
LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

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PONCIANO S. ABDON, MAEd

Associate Professor V
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SECTION 1 ILO
DEMONSTRATE UNDERSTANDING OF LEARNER-CENTERED
THEORIES OF LEARNING AND THE TYPES OF LEARNING

SECTION 2 ILO
RELATE THE DIMENSIONS OF LEARNING IN
SELECTING EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES AND
METHODOLOGIES

SECTION 3 ILO
DESIGN LEARNING ACTIVITIES TO ADDRESS
.
THE DIVERSE NEEDS OF LEARNERS

SECTION 4 ILO
DEVELOP MOTIVATIONAL TECHNIQUES FOR
EFFECTIVE LEARNER-CENTERED
LEARNING.

SECTION 5 ILO
DESIGN LEARNING ACTIVITIES TO
FACILITATE THE COGNITIVE AND
METACOGNITIVE PROCESS IN LEARNING.

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Module 5
Chapter 5
Social Interactions, Interpersonal Relations, and Communication
in the Learning Process

Introduction
In the earlier module, you have been introduced to how and why learning occurs as explained
by the social dimensions of learning. This view further asserts that learning takes place in the
social context, and that learning is basically a social phenomenon. It means further that socio-
cultural factors play an important role in learning. Given these views, it means that the
philosophical and methodological approaches to teaching and learning, should capitalize on
techniques that consider situation which are social in nature.
This module looks into how specific relationships have a hand on learning. It also looks into
the consequences of social interaction behaviours on socio-emotional climate in the
classroom.

Learning Outcomes
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. Define and explain social interactions, interpersonal relations, and
communication.
2. Discuss the significance of the school/classroom as a social entity in the learning
process.
3. Relate social interactions, interpersonal relations, and communication in the
learning process.

PRE-TEST
Directions: Identify what each statement refers to. Choose from the box
and write the letter of your answer before the number.
a. Friendship f. Cooperation
b. Competition g. Exchange
c. School h. Communication
d. Coercion i. Conflict
e. Social interaction j. Work relationship
_____ 1. It is an exchange between two or more individuals.
_____ 2. The most basic type of social interaction.
_____ 3. A social process by which two or more people attempt to attain a goal, which only one can.

_____ 4. A process by which people work together to attain a common goal.

_____ 5. It happens when there is disagreement or dissent on certain points among group
members.
_____ 6. The process of persuading someone to do something or to cooperate, using force, threat,
or intimidation.
_____ 7. An unconditional interpersonal relationship which individuals enter into by their own
choice and will.
_____ 8. It refers to the kind of relationship of individuals who work for the same organization.
_____ 9. This refers to the exchange in meanings between individuals through a common system of
symbols, signs, behavior.
_____10. It is a social entity comprising many individuals and groups, mainly, students and teachers.

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MEANING OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS, AND

COMMUNICATION

Social Interaction
Social interaction is an
exchange between two or more
individuals. By interacting with
one another, people design
rules, systems, and institutions. It is
a dynamic changing sequence of
social actions between individuals
or groups. Social interactions
provide the foundation or
bases for social cultures and
structures. Social interactions refer
to how people act, and how they
react to people around them.
It includes those acts which people perform and the ways other people react or respond to
these. Ervin Goffman, a sociologist, identified five types of social interaction namely:
exchange, competition, cooperation, conflict, and coercion (“Social Interactions,”n. d.).
Exchange is the most basic type of social interaction. It is social process whereby social
behaviour is exchanged for some type of reward of equal or greater value. Competition is a
social process by which two or more people attempts to attain a goal which only one can.
Cooperation is a process by which people work together to attain a common goal. Conflict
happens when there is disagreement or dissent on certain points among group members.
Coercion is the process of persuading someone to do something or to cooperate, using force,
threat, or intimidation.
Positive or negative consequences of these types of social interaction could either be
positive or
negative depending on how these interactions are managed or handled. For example, the use
of teaching technique that harness cooperation among students to work on problem-solving
tasks, where they work together and contribute to the solution of problems may create in them
a feeling of success and satisfaction. On the other hand, the use of force and intimidation on
students for them to finish and complete assigned task scan leave negative feelings of dislike,
anxiety, or indifference.
Interpersonal Relation
Interpersonal relation has something to do with close, deep, or strong association or
acquaintance between two or more people that may range in duration from brief to enduring;
a bond or close association that exists between two or more people who may share common
interests or goals (Juneja, n. d.). This type of personal relationships are friendship, love,
platonic relationship, family relationship,
and work relationship. Friendship is an
unconditional interpersonal relationship
which individuals enter into by their own
choice and will; love is a relationship
characterized by love, intimacy, trust and
respect between individuals and might
end up in marriage; platonic is a
relationship between
individuals but without feelings of desire
of each; family refers to relationship of
individuals related to each other by blood
or marriage; and work relationship refers to the kind of relationship of individuals who work
for the same organization (Juneja, n. d.).

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Communication
Communication refers to the exchange in meaning between individuals through a common
system of symbols, signs, and behavior. It is
important to remember that communication
is not only talking. Optimal communication
always uses both verbal and visual
communication tools. Teachers do not only
mean using pictures and videos in class –
although, this is always a good way to get the
message across – but also non-verbal
communication. Your body language is a
language. The more dynamic it is, the
better the effect. It has been proven that
educators who walk around and talk, and not
just sit and read from the text, get better
feedback from students. The best option is to combine dynamic, non-verbal presentation with
expressive speech patterns, using repetition and emphasis in one’s voice to make important
concepts stand out.

THE SCHOOL/CLASSROOM AS A SOCIAL ENTITY

• The classroom or the school is an important institution from which the child
learns his first lessons in socialization.
• Teaching – learning process or activities are those social events because many
interactions happen in these activities.
• The school is a social entity comprising many individuals and groups, mainly,
students and teachers.
• Social approval inside the classroom brought about by kind of social interactions
and relationships existing therein should be one where students experience social
acceptance.
• A social climate in the classroom that is negative can bring about fear, anxiety,
and restlessness.
• The student’s interaction with their teachers or mentors can profoundly affect their
achievement and social motivation (Santrock, 2011).
• Children’s social concerns influence their lives in school (Anderman & Anderman,
2010, in Santrock, 2011).
• Higher levels of motivation are related to higher performance or achievement.
• The kind of interaction with peers is also a factor to students’ motivation.
• The social climate in school is characterized by warmth brought about by positive
interactions, good communication, and good relationships between and among
students and teachers.
• Inappropriate language or that which conveys negative feelings can in turn bring
about negative feelings among students during interaction.
• Children’s relationships with their parents, peer, and friends have a tremendous
impact in their lives.
• Social approval inside the classroom should also be felt by all students.
• Teachers play an important role in students’ achievement.
• Motivation is optimized when teachers provide them with challenging tasks in a
mastery-oriented environment that includes good emotional and cognitive support,
meaningful and interesting material to learn and master, and sufficient support for
autonomy and initiative (Santrock, 2011).

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ACTIVITY – CRITICAL INCIDENTS INSIDE THE CLASSROOM

Name: _____________ Yr. & Sec. _________________ Date: _____________

Directions: Below are critical incidents that would most likely occur inside the classroom. As
a future teacher, indicate what you are going to do, if the situations below happen in your
classroom.

1. The teacher asked a student to stand and answer a question, but the student cannot
answer the question.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. The teacher noticed that Paul was shy and would not want to answer the teacher’s
questions nor participate in class activities.

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

3. The teacher noticed that three of his students were “isolates” and wouldn’t want to
participate in problem solving task.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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Assessment

Name: ____________Yr. & Sec. _________________ Date: _____________

Direction: Connect the given situations to the concepts listed below. Write only the letter of
your answer on the blank before the number.
a. Platonic relationship e. Social interaction
b. Coercion f. Friendship
c. Negative socio-emotional classroom climate g. Communication
d. Cooperation
_____ 1. Two students, both girls enjoy swimming and biking during weekends.
_____ 2. A group of five students work together, each one having his own assigned task to
work and finish a class project.
_____ 3. The teacher told his students that they will receive a failing grade if they do not
submit their term papers on time.
_____ 4. About 90% of the students in the class, feel anxious every time they enter the
science class. The teacher is known to be a “terror”.
_____ 5. The teacher gives real-life examples as a way to explain clearly the concepts she is
teaching.
_____ 6. In a certain barangay, people plan together, and contribute their ideas on how to
celebrate the fiesta.
_____ 7. When two professionals, a man and a women meet together, they like to share and
discuss the findings of the studies they are doing.
_____ 8. The students volunteer to participate in the feeding program for malnourished
children. They plan and discuss how to attain the goals of the program.
_____ 9. The teacher likes to teach but talks at the top of her voice. The students feel afraid
the teacher might ask them questions.
_____10. The teacher encourages students to ask questions, in case they do not understand
some things being taught. When this happens, the teacher tries her best to clarify the
students’ misconceptions or mistakes.

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