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ir‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫و   ال ا‬
‫ﺟﺰوات ﻛﻨﻜﻮري‬

‫درﺳــــﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﻪ دروس‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺳﺆاﻻت دروس دﺑﻴﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺗﺸﺮﻳﺤﻲ‬

‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﺳﺆاﻻت و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻜﻮر ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي )ﻛﻠﻴﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ(‬

‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﺳﺆاﻻت و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻜﻮر ﺳﺮاﺳﺮي ﺧﺎرج ﻛﺸﻮر )ﻛﻠﻴﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ(‬

‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﺳﺆاﻻت و ﭘﺎﺳﺨﻨﺎﻣﻪ ﻛﻨﻜﻮر ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ )ﻛﻠﻴﻪ رﺷﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ(‬

‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﻛﺘﺎب ﻫﺎي درﺳﻲ ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﻲ و ﺣﻞاﻟﻤﺴﺎﺋﻞﻫﺎ‬

‫داﻧﻠﻮد ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰارﻫﺎي درﺳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬

‫و ﺧﺪﻣﺎت دﻳﮕﺮ‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫‪Grammar Lesson 1‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف ﻋﻄﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی‬
‫‪when‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺣﺮف ﻋﻄﻒ و ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎری ﭘﺲ از ﮐﺎر دﯾﮕﺮی رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و ﯾﺎ دو ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪as‬‬
‫در اﻧﻮاع ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی در ﺣﺎﻻت زﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪:‬‬
‫‪ (1‬ﺑﯿﺎن زﻣﺎن‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ دو ﻋﻤﻞ ﻫﻤﺰﻣﺎن رخ ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫‪As I was jumping up and down, I got a sprain.‬‬
‫‪ (2‬ﺑﯿﺎن ﻋﻠﺖ‪ :‬در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻌﺎدل ‪ because‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪As I was tired, I went to bed early.‬‬
‫‪ (3‬ﺑﯿﺎن ﻧﺴﺒﺖ و ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ‪ :‬در ﻫﻤﺎن دوره ی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ اول رخ داده اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪As he exercised more and more, he developed stronger muscles.‬‬
‫‪ (4‬ﻣﻘﺎﯾﺴﻪ ی ﺻﻔﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻗﯿﺪ‬
‫‪I like to keep fit, so I go swimming as often as I can.‬‬
‫‪since‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ ‪ ) because‬در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ رﺳﻤﯽ ( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن ﻋﻠﺖ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫دﻗﺖ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ‪ since‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ » ﺗﺎ زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل« ﺑﺮای ﺷﺮوع ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬
‫‪whether‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺘﯽ از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ » ﺧﻮاه ‪ -‬ﯾﺎ ‪ -‬اﮔﺮ‪ -‬آﯾﺎ « ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن ﺷﺮط اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎ‪Functions‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫‪ whether‬اﯾﻦ ﻋﻘﯿﺪه را ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮط و ﻧﻪ آن ﺷﺮط اﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ls‬‬
‫ﺟﻤـﻼت ‪ -‬ﭼـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﻃـﻮر ﻣﺠـﺰا و ﭼﻪ در ﻣﺘﻦ ‪ -‬ﻧﻘﺸﻬﺎی ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ اﯾﻔﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺜﺎل ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺑﺮای ﻧﺎم ﮔﺬاری و دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی اﻃﻼﻋﺎت و ﺑﺮﺧﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ و ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ و ﯾﺎ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) Describing‬‬

‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﺮدن‬

‫وﻗﺘـﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ اﻓﺮاد و ﯾﺎ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺘﻬﺎ را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی درﺑﺎره ی ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ آن اراﺋﻪ ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ از روﺷﻬﺎی راﯾﺞ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻫﻤﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻮارد در ﯾﮏ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از اﺷﮑﺎل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ to be‬و ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺖ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪.s‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ‪The food you eat in general is healthy.‬‬

‫‪2) Explaining‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ دادن‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫وﻗﺘﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﯿﺰی را ﺷﺮح ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺑﯿﺎن ﺟﺰﺋﯿﺎت درﺑﺎره ی آن و دﻟﯿﻞ آوردن آن را واﺿﺢ و ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻓﻬﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 2‬‬
‫‪Verb + Object + Bare Infinitive‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﺪون ‪ + to‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ‬
‫* اﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻧﻈﯿﺮ ‪ ) let‬اﺟﺎزه دادن ﺑﻪ ( و ‪ ) make‬ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﮐﺮدن ( دارای ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﻓﻮق ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A smile lets them know that you are an honest man.‬‬
‫‪I made Vahid clean the room completely.‬‬
‫* ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ help‬ﻧﯿﺰ دارای اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر اﺳﺖ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺗﻔﺎوت ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺼﺪر)‪ ( to + main verb‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﮑﺎر رود‪.‬‬
‫‪Good eye contact helps your audience feel more relaxed.‬‬
‫‪Your sense of humor can help the audience to have fun.‬‬
‫‪By + Gerund for Manner‬‬
‫وﺟﻪ ﻣﺼﺪری ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن روش ‪By +‬‬
‫‪ By‬ﺑـﻪ ﻫﻤـﺮاه وﺟـﻪ ﻣﺼـﺪری ﻓﻌـﻞ ) ‪ ( main verb + ing‬ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺎﻧﮕﺮ روش ﺑﺎ وﺳﯿﻠﻪ ی اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری اﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر در اﺑﺘﺪای ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻗﺮار‬
‫ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد ﭘﺲ از آن وﯾﺮﮔﻮل اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪By practicing in front of a mirror, you can improve your speaking skill.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮدن در ﺟﻠﻮی آﯾﻨﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﯿﺪ ﻣﻬﺎرت ﺳﺨﻨﮕﻮﯾﯽ ﺗﺎن را ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎ ‪Functions‬‬
‫از دﯾﮕﺮ ﻧﻘﺸﻬﺎی ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ » ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ دادن « و » دادن دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ « اﺷﺎره ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫‪1) Generalizing‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ دادن‬

‫ﺑـﻪ ﺑـﯿﺎن ﭼـﯿﺰی ﺑـﻪ ﺻـﻮرت ﺑﻨﯿﺎدﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ در اﻏﻠﺐ ﻣﻮارد و ﻧﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺣﻘﯿﻘﺖ دارد ﺗﻌﻤﯿﻢ دادن ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺟﻤﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻬﺎﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ دارای‬
‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن ‪ all , every , most & etc‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اوﻗﺎت اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﺟﻤﻊ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﺮای ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯿﺖ دادن ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﺮده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Most audience pay much attention to the speakers if they use the sense of humor as apart of their speech.‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺷﻨﻮﻧﺪﮔﺎن ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﺎن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮی ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﺮد اﮔﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺷﻮخ ﻃﺒﻌﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺑﺨﺸﯽ از ﮔﻔﺘﺎرﺷﺎن ﺑﮑﺎر ﺑﮕﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Women talk more than men.‬‬ ‫زﻧﺎن ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﻣﺮدان ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) Instructing‬‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ دادن‬

‫آﻣﻮزش ﭼﮕﻮﻧﮕﯽ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری ﺑﻪ ﮐﺴﯽ‪ ،‬دﺳﺘﻮراﻟﻌﻤﻞ دادن ﻧﺎم دارد‪ .‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺟﻤﻼﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺸﻬﺎﯾﯽ دارﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﻌﺎل اﻣﺮی آﻏﺎز ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Try to include personal stories or recent events to add fun to your speech.‬‬
‫ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺳﺨﻨﺮاﻧﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻓﺰودن ﺳﺮﮔﺮﻣﯽ داﺳﺘﺎﻧﻬﺎی ﺷﺨﺼﯽ ﺑﺎ روﯾﺪادﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ را در ﺑﺮ ﺑﮕﯿﺮد ‪.‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 3‬‬
‫‪Conjunctions in Adverbial Clauses‬‬
‫ﺣﺮوف رﺑﻂ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﻋﺒﺎرت ) ‪ ( phrase‬ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ از ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ و واﺑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ دارای ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﮏ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ی ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ )‪ (adjective clause‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ و اﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ در ﻣﻮرد ﮐﺴﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭼﯿﺰی ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Most plastics made from oil are difficult to recycle.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﺑﺎزﯾﺎﻓﺖ اﻏﻠﺐ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮑﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻧﻔﺖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه اﻧﺪ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Energy coming from fuels like coal and oil is used to heat and light our homes.‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫اﻧﺮژی ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﺳﻮﺧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ زﻏﺎل ﺳﻨﮓ و ﻧﻔﺖ ﺑﺮای ﮔﺮم ﮐﺮدن و روﺷﻦ ﮐﺮدن ﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﻤﺎن ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫* اﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ی ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ‪ be‬ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﯽ )‪ ( that, which ,who,...‬و ‪ be‬را ﺣﺬف ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫* اﮔﺮ ﻓﻌﻞ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ی ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﯽ ‪ be‬ﻧﺒﺎﺷﺪ ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اوﻗﺎت ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻮﺻﻮﻟﯽ را ﺣﺬف ﮐﺮده و ﻓﻌﻞ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ ING‬ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪1) Defining‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎ ‪Functions‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﺮدن‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﮐﺮدن ﻟﻐﺎت ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻓﺮﻫﻨﮓ ﻟﻐﺖ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Global warming is the average increase in the earth's temperature, which then causes changes in climate.‬‬
‫‪1) Speculating‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺪس زدن‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫وﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻠﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﮐﺎﻓﯽ از ﭼﯿﺰی ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﮐﻠﻤﺎت و ﻋﺒﺎرات ﮐﻠﯿﺪی زﯾﺮ ﺟﻮاﺑﻬﺎی اﺣﺘﻤﺎﻟﯽ آن ﻣﻮرد را ﺣﺪس ﻣﯽ زﻧﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪* may - might - can - could - probably - possibly - maybe - perhaps - is / are probable / likely that / possible‬‬
‫‪*A warmer earth may have results such as changes in rainfall patterns , a rise in sea levels , and different effects on‬‬
‫‪plants , wildlife and humans.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪Grammar Lesson 4‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺣﺮوف رﺑﻂ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﻫﺎی ﻗﯿﺪی‬

‫‪Conjunctions in Adverbial Clauses‬‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪so‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﺧﯿﻠﯽ‪ -‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎر « در ﻧﻘﺶ ﻗﯿﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪ + that+‬ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ /‬ﻗﯿﺪ ‪ + so +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫اﻓﻌﺎل رﺑﻄﯽ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ رﺳﯿﺪن ‪look / appear / seem / sound‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪن ‪become‬‬
‫‪turn / grow / get‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬ ‫‪to be (am/is/are‬‬ ‫)‪was/were‬‬
‫‪He studies so carefully that he can get the best marks.‬‬ ‫او آﻧﻘﺪر ﺑﺎ دﻗﺖ درس ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻧﻤﺮه را ﺑﮕﯿﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪He is so careful that he never gets late.‬‬ ‫او آﻧﻘﺪر دﻗﯿﻖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ so‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ *‬
‫اﺳﻢ غ ق ش ‪much +‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ق ش ‪few +‬‬
‫‪ so +‬ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪+ that +‬‬ ‫‪ so +‬ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻢ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ‪+ that +‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ق ش ‪many +‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ غ ق ش ‪little +‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪such‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ » ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ‪ -‬آﻧﻘﺪر ‪ -‬آﻧﻄﻮر « در ﻧﻘﺶ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی ‪ very‬ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪+ that +‬اﺳﻢ ‪) +‬ﺻﻔﺖ(‪ + such +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻊ ‪ feet :‬ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ‪ bags /‬ﮐﯿﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮف ) اﺳﻢ ( در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ‪ air :‬ﻫﻮا ‪ rice /‬ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‬
‫‪They were such heavy bags that I couldn't carry.‬‬ ‫آﻧﭽﻨﺎن ﺟﻌﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻢ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺣﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪It was such hot tea that I couldn't drink it.‬‬ ‫آﻧﭽﻨﺎن ﭼﺎی داﻏﯽ ﺑﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺘﻮاﻧﺴﺘﻢ آن را ﺑﻨﻮﺷﻢ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪such a / an‬‬

‫اﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺎرت ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ‪ -‬آﻧﻘﺪر ‪ -‬آﻧﭽﻨﺎن « ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪:‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‪ + that +‬ﻣﻮﺻﻮف)اﺳﻢ( ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺖ‪ + such a /an +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺻﻮف ) اﺳﻢ ( در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت اﺳﻢ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻣﻔﺮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ a suitcase‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Sarah is such an honest secretary that all the employees in this company respect her.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﺳﺎرا آﻧﭽﻨﺎن ﻣﻨﺸﯽ ﺻﺎدﻗﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﺎرﻣﻨﺪان اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﺑﻪ او اﺣﺘﺮام ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫* اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش دارای دو وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻣﻬﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺑﻪ واﺣﺪ ﺗﻔﮑﯿﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ و ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﻔﺮد دارﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﭘﺲ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ a‬ﯾﺎ ‪ an‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ) ﯾﮏ ‪ -‬ﯾﮑﯽ ( ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬

‫‪a box / boxes‬‬ ‫‪a man / men‬‬ ‫‪a child / children‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﯿﻪ اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪a tooth / teeth‬‬ ‫‪a mouse / mice‬‬
‫‪-2‬‬

‫‪an umbrella / umbrellas‬‬ ‫‪a university / universities‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫‪an eye / eyes‬‬ ‫‪an hour / hours‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ‪ a :‬و ‪ an‬ﻗـﺒﻞ از اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﻔﺮد ) ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش( ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ‪ an .‬ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود ﮐﻪ آن اﺳﻢ ﺑﺎ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪادار) ‪ ( vowel‬ﺷﺮوع‬

‫‪s‬‬
‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪادار ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪a , e , i , o , u :‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ‪ u‬ﺻﺪای ﺧﻮدش ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ] ﯾﻮ [ را ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﺑﯽ ﺻﺪا ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ auniform‬و اﮔﺮ ﺻﺪای ] آ [ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ ﺻﺪادار ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪an umbrella‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗـﯽ ﻣﺎﻧـﻨﺪ ‪ ) hour‬ﺳـﺎﻋﺖ (و ‪ )honest‬ﺻﺎدق ( ﮐﻪ ﺣﺮف ‪ h‬در آﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد و اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺣﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ‪ o‬اﺳﺖ ‪ an‬ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪an‬‬
‫‪honest teacher‬‬

‫‪Saman is honest.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺬﮐﺮ ‪ :‬ﺻﻔﺘﻬﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺪون اﺳﻢ ﺑﮑﺎر روﻧﺪ ‪ a‬ﯾﺎ ‪ an‬ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ اﻣﺎ اﮔﺮ ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﺮد ﺑﯿﺎﯾﻨﺪ ﻗﺒﻞ از آﻧﻬﺎ ‪ a‬ﯾﺎ ‪ an‬ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎن درﺳﺘﮑﺎر اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Saman is an honest boy.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﯾﮏ ﭘﺴﺮ درﺳﺘﮑﺎر اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻧﯿﺰ دارای دو وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪ -3‬ﻣﻔﺮد ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ ﭘﺲ ﻫﯿﭻ وﻗﺖ ‪ a‬ﯾﺎ ‪ an‬ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﺴﺘﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﺮه‪ / butter‬ﭼﻮب ‪ / wood‬ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ‪ / rice‬ﻋﺴﻞ ‪ / honey‬ﻫﻮا‪ / air‬ﮔﻮﺷﺖ‪ / meat‬ﻣﺮﺑﺎ‪ / jam‬آب‪ / water‬ﺷﮑﺮ‪sugar‬‬
‫ﮔﻨﺪم ‪ / wheat‬ﭼﺎی ‪ / tea‬ﻗﻬﻮه ‪ / coffee‬ﻣﻮ ‪ / hair‬آرد ‪ / flour‬ﻧﺎن ‪ / bread‬ﮔﭻ ‪ / chalk‬آﻫﻦ ‪Iron‬‬
‫* ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ی ﻣﻬﻢ در ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ‪:‬‬
‫‪assignment / homework -1‬‬
‫ﻫﺮ دو ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﺗﮑﻠﯿﻒ ﺷﺐ « ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ اﻣﺎ ‪ homework‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش و ‪ assignment‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪weather / climate -2‬‬
‫‪ climate‬ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻪ آب و ﻫﻮای ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ ‪ weather‬ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش اﺳﺖ و آب و ﻫﻮای ﮐﻠﯽ را ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ache -3‬‬
‫‪headache / backache / toothache / stomachache‬‬ ‫ﮐﻠﻤﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ ) ache‬درد ( ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪a cup of tea / ten cup of tea‬‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش اﮔﺮ در ﻇﺮف ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ ﻇﺮف را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺷﻤﺮد ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ ﺟﻮی‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ‪:‬‬
‫زﻟﺰـﻟﻪ ‪ / earthquake‬اﺑـﺮ ‪ / cloud‬ﺑـﺎد ‪ / wind‬آﺗـﺶ ﻓﺸـﺎن ‪ / volcano‬رﻋﺪ و ﺑﺮق ‪ / thunder‬آب و ﻫﻮا ‪ / climate‬ﺳﯿﻞ‪ / flood‬ﻃﻮﻓﺎن‬
‫‪storm‬‬
‫ﺑﺮف ‪ / snow‬آب و ﻫﻮا ‪ / weather‬ﻫﻮا‪ / air‬ﺑﺎران ‪rain‬‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻤﺎرش ‪:‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪too‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﺧﯿﻠﯽ‪ -‬آﻧﻘﺪر« دارای ﻣﻔﻬﻮم ﻣﻨﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر‪ ) +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ /‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ‪ + ( for +‬ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ /‬ﻗﯿﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ + too +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪The problem is too hard for a little child like Saman to solve.‬اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ آﻧﻘﺪر ﺑﺮای ﺳﺎﻣﺎن ﺳﺨﺖ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺣﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫* ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ too‬ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ *‬
‫اﺳﻢ غ ق ش ‪much +‬‬
‫‪ too +‬ﺧﯿﻠﯽ زﯾﺎد‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪+‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ق ش ﺟﻤﻊ ‪many +‬‬

‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪enough‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ‪ -‬ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ی ﮐﺎﻓﯽ « ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت در ﺟﻤﻼت ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد‪:‬‬
‫‪ ( A‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ اﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬اﺳﻢ ‪ + enough +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪The teacher didn't have enough time to explain all the questions.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮐﺎﻓﯽ وﻗﺖ ﻧﺪاﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﺳﺆاﻻت را ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﺑﺪﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ( B‬ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺻﻔﺖ‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر‪ ) +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ /‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ‪ + enough + ( for +‬ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ /‬ﻗﯿﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ )ﻣﺜﺒﺖ( ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫‪This math problem is easy enough for a talented student, like you, to solve.‬‬

‫‪r‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻟﻪ رﯾﺎﺿﯽ ﺑﻪ اﻧﺪازه ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮای داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪی ﭼﻮن ﺷﻤﺎ آﺳﺎن اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﯽ ﺣﻞ ﮐﻨﯽ‪.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫* ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ی ﻣﻬﻢ در ﺧﺼﻮص اﻟﮕﻮی ‪ enough‬و ‪: too‬‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ) ‪ ( me - you - him - her - it - us - you - them‬در آﺧﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ذﮐﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫در اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎ ) ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ /‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ‪ ( for +‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺣﺬف ﺷﻮد در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ دو ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﯾﮑﺴﺎن ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪.1‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫‪.2‬‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪very‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ /‬ﻗﯿﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ‪ + very +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻔﻬﻮم » ﺧﯿﻠﯽ« اﺳﺖ و ﻃﺒﻖ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪:‬‬

‫‪Amir seems very happy.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir speaks very happily.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﺶﻫﺎ ‪Functions‬‬

‫‪1) Naming‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎت زﯾﺮ ﺷﻤﺎ را ﺑﺎ دو ﻧﻘﺶ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ دﯾﮕﺮ آﺷﻨﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎزد‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻧﺎﻣﮕﺬاری ﮐﺮدن‬
‫در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺴﯽ و ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﯿﺰی ﯾﮏ اﺳﻢ ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﻢ ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﮐﻠﯿﺪی ﮐﻪ در ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺟﻤﻼﺗﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪ be called‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪن ‪ / be named‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪن ‪ / be known‬ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪن ‪/ be termed‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪن‪ / be referred to as‬رﺟﻮع ‪ /‬اﺷﺎره ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪1) Hypothesizing‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزی‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣـﯽ ﮐـﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻓﺮﺿﯿﻪ ﺳﺎزی ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ روش ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﭼﯿﺰی را ﮐﻪ ﻣﻄﻠﻘﺎً ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﯿﻢ ﭘﯿﺸﻨﻬﺎد ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﮐﻠﯿﺪی ﮐﻪ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ را ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﺮض ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ‪ / assumed that‬ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ‪ / estimated‬اﻋﺘﻘﺎد ﺑﺮ اﯾﻦ اﺳﺖ ‪ / believed‬ﺗﺼﻮر ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ) ﮔﻤﺎن ﻣﯽ رود ( ‪Be thought‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 5‬‬
‫‪Showing direct contrast‬‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺗﻀﺎد آﺷﮑﺎر‬
‫* از ‪ while‬ﺑﺮای ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺗﻀﺎد آﺷﮑﺎر اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫* از ﺣﺮف رﺑﻂ ‪ whereas‬ﻧﯿﺰ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮای ﻧﺸﺎن دادن ﺗﻀﺎد آﺷﮑﺎر ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ رﺳﻤﯽ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﺎری ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪While this work may be really boring , it is not child labor.‬‬
‫ﮔﺮﭼﻪ اﯾﻦ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﺴﻞ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ اﻣﺎ ﺑﯿﮕﺎری از ﮐﻮدﮐﺎن ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Whereas rural children usually work in agriculture , some children in urban areas work in trade and services.‬‬
‫در ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎی روﺳﺘﺎ ﯾﯽﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﮐﺸﺎورزی ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از ﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺷﻬﺮی در ﺧﺮﯾﺪ و ﻓﺮوش و ﺗﺠﺎرت ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ‪ while‬و ‪ whereas‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ دو ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ﺑﺪون آﻧﮑﻪ در ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮی اﯾﺠﺎد ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر رود‪.‬‬
‫* ﺣﺘﯽ اﮔﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ واره ی ﻗﯿﺪی دوم ﺑﯿﺎﯾﺪ وﺟﻮد وﯾﺮﮔﻮل اﻟﺰ`اﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
 ‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶ ﻫﺎ‪Functions‬‬
‫دو ﻧﻘﺶ دﯾﮕﺮ زﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ درس ﺑﻪ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮح زﯾﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫‪1) Exemplifying‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل زدن‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل زدن ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی آوردن ﻣﺜﺎﻟﯽ ﺑﺮای روﺷﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﺮدن ﭼﯿﺰی ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرات اﺻﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﻧﻘﺶ در ﺟﻤﻼت ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫‪such as , like , for instance , for example & etc‬‬
‫‪1) Classifying‬‬ ‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﮐﺮدن‬
‫دﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪی ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﺰی را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮوﻫﯽ ﺑﺮ ﻃﺒﻖ وﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺘﺮک ﻣﺮﺗﺐ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ‪ .‬ﮐﻠﻤﺎت ﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرات اﺻﻠﯽ راﯾﺞ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫) ‪Class(es) , category / categories of , type(s) of, kind(so kids of & etc‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 6‬‬
‫ﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﺪف‬
‫ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﺪف ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از ﻣﻮارد زﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد ‪:‬‬
‫‪so that ( 4‬‬ ‫‪for( 3‬‬ ‫‪ ( 2‬ﻣﺼﺪر ‪in order to +‬‬ ‫‪ (1‬ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺜﺎﻟﻬﺎی زﯾﺮ دﻗﺖ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫‪He went home to rest.‬‬ ‫او ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ رﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He went home in order to rest.‬‬ ‫او ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ رﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He went home for a rest.‬‬ ‫او ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ رﻓﺖ ﺗﺎ اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He went home so that he could rest.‬‬
‫‪« in‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫او ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ رﻓﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﺪ اﺳﺘﺮاﺣﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﻬﺎی » ﻣﺼﺪر « و » ﻣﺼﺪر ‪order+‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫در ﻣﺜﺎل اول ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﻪ ‪ He‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎز ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد اﻣﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ آن ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﺎزﮔﺮدد و ﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir sent Vahid to his room to do his homework.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬ ‫اﻣﯿﺮ وﺣﯿﺪ را ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎد ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻔﺶ را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫اﻣﺎ اﮔﺮ ﺑﺎ وﺟﻮد ﻣﻔﻌﻮل در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ از ) ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ ( in order +‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﺑﺎز ﻫﻢﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir sent Vahid to his room in order to do his homework.‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫اﻣﯿﺮ وﺣﯿﺪ را ﺑﻪ اﺗﺎﻗﺶ ﻓﺮﺳﺘﺎد ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ ﺗﮑﺎﻟﯿﻔﺶ را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً زﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻤﻼت ﻃﻮﻻﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی » ﻣﺼﺪر« از » ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ « in order +‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪Nowadays he is working much harder in his office than he used to, in order to save enough money for a trip abroad.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫او اﯾﻦ روزﻫﺎ در اداره اش ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از آﻧﭽﻪﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎً ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺑﺮای ﯾﮏ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺮت ﺧﺎرج از ﮐﺸﻮر ﭘﻮل ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﭘﺲ اﻧﺪاز ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﯿﻢ روی ﻫﺪف ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی » ﻣﺼﺪر« از » ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ « in order +‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪She went out in order to see him.‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ او را ﺑﺒﯿﻨﺪ ﺑﯿﺮون رﻓﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪for‬‬

‫‪They went out for a walk.‬‬ ‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﺪف از » اﺳﻢ ‪ « for + a/an +‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺮای ﭘﯿﺎده روی ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮون رﻓﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان از » ‪ + ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ « for +‬ﺑﺮای ﺑﯿﺎن ﻫﺪف اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﻮد و آن ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﻫﺪف ﮐﻠﯽ در راﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ از ‪ for‬ﺳﺨﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪This is a knife ( used ) for cutting cakes.‬‬ ‫اﯾﻦ ﭼﺎﻗﻮﯾﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺮﯾﺪن ﮐﯿﮏ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪A book is for reading not for playing with.‬‬ ‫ﮐﺘﺎب ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن اﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺑﺎزی ﮐﺮدن‪.‬‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪so that‬‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻫﺪف را ﺑﺎ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺮو ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ‪ so that‬ﺷﺮوع ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﺑﯿﺎن ﻧﻤﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪He works hard so that his family can live better.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺮو‬ ‫او ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اش ﺑﺘﻮاﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ی ﭘﯿﺮو در ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه ی ﻫﺪف ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﯾﻦ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻫﻤﺴﺎن ) ﻣﺜﺎل زﯾﺮ ( و ﯾﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ) ﻣﺜﺎل ﻓﻮق (‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He works hard so that he will live better.‬‬ ‫او ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫اﮔﺮ زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ی ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﺣﺎل ﯾﺎ آﯾﻨﺪه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ی ﭘﯿﺮو ‪ can‬ﯾﺎ ‪ will‬ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود و اﮔﺮ زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ی ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﭘﯿﺮو ‪ could‬ﯾﺎ‬
‫‪would‬ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽرود‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫‪He worked hard so that his family could live better.‬‬ ‫او ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺎر ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺧﺎﻧﻮاده اش ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He worked hard so that he would live better.‬‬ ‫او ﺳﺨﺖ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد ﮐﻪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 8‬‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﺎص اﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﻤﮑﯽ‬
‫‪can – could – may – might – should – shouldn't – must‬‬
‫‪should (1‬‬
‫‪ + should + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫اﻟﮕﻮی ﻓﻮق ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻣﺎ ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir failed in his exam. He should have studied more.‬‬
‫اﻣﯿﺮ در اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ﻣﺮدود ﺷﺪ‪ .‬او ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮد‪].‬اﻣﺎ ﻧﮑﺮد[‬
‫‪Shouldn't (2‬‬
‫‪ + shouldn't + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪه اﻣﺎ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Maryam caught a bad cold. She shouldn't have gone outside without warm cloths.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﯾﻢ ﺳﺮﻣﺎی ﺑﺪی ﺧﻮرد ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﺪون ﻟﺒﺎس ﮔﺮم ﺑﻪ ﺑﯿﺮون ﻣﯽرﻓﺖ )اﻣﺎ رﻓﺖ(‬
‫‪Could (3‬‬
‫‪ + could + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫‪The teacher spoke English in the class all the time. She could have spoken Persian.‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ اﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺗﻮاﻧﺎﯾﯽ و ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ از آن اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ در ﮐﻼس ﺗﻤﺎم وﻗﺖ اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮد‪ .‬او ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺴﺖ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪may/might (4‬‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫‪ + may/might + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫اﯾﻦ ا ﻟﮕﻮ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﮐﺎری در ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ وﻗﻮع ﯾﺎ ﻋﺪم وﻗﻮع آن ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ وﺻﺮﻓﺎً ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﺣﺪس و ﮔﻤﺎن ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬در اﯾﻦ ﻧﻮع‬
‫ﺟﻤﻼتﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً اﻓﻌﺎل ﯾﺎ ﻋﺒﺎ راﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﮏ و ﺗﺮدﯾﺪ را ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﻨﺪ وﺟﻮد دارﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﮑﺮ ﮐﺮدن ‪Think‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮر ﮐﺮدن ‪Imagine‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫ﯾﻘﯿﻦ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻦ ‪no certain‬‬
‫ﺗﺼﻮر ﮐﺮدن ‪suppose‬‬
‫ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﺒﻮدن ‪not sure‬‬

‫?‪A : who has broken the cups‬‬

‫‪B : I'm not sure. Amir may/might have broken them.‬‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪w‬‬
‫" ﭼﻪ ﮐﺴﯽ اﺳﺘﮑﺎﻧﻬﺎ را ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ؟" " ﻣﻄﻤﺌﻦ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻢ‪ .‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻣﯿﺮ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪".‬‬
‫‪must (5‬‬

‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺳﺎده ‪ + must +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪ must‬ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻮرد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪:‬‬
‫‪ (a‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪ + must + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ (b‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ must‬در اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻓﻮق ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ از روی ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﭘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮﺣﺘﻤﺎً اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬

‫‪Amir gets good grades. So he must study well.‬‬

‫و ﯾﺎ ﺻﺤﺖ دارد‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺎل‬ ‫اﻣﯿﺮ ﻧﻤﺮات ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪ .‬ﻻﺑﺪ او ﺧﻮب درس ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪can't/ couldn't(6‬‬
‫‪ can't‬وﺟﻪ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ‪ must‬ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ آن دو ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد دارد‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ﺳﺎده ‪ + can't +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ (a‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ + can't + have + p.p.‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪ (b‬اﮔﺮ ﻣﺒﺪأ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ در زﻣﺎن ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ can't/couldn't‬در اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻓﻮق ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﻨﻔﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ از روی ﺷﻮاﻫﺪ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﭘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮﺣﺘﻤﺎً اﻧﺠﺎم‬
‫ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ و ﯾﺎ ﺻﺤﺖ ﻧﺪارد‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir has a lot of accidents every month. So he can't be a good driver.‬‬
‫اﻣﯿﺮ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎه ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت زﯾﺎدی دارد‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎً او راﻧﻨﺪه ی ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪Amir had a lot of accidents last year. So he couldn't have been a good driver.‬‬
‫اﻣﯿﺮ ﺳﺎل ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﺎت زﯾﺎدی داﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﻤﺎً او راﻧﻨﺪه ی ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﻧﺒﻮد‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫دو ﻧﮑﺘﻪ در ﻣﻮرد ﺷﮑﻞ ﺧﺎص اﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﻤﮑﯽ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ (a‬ﺷﮑﻞ اﺳﺘﻤﺮاری اﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﻤﮑﯽ ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮاﻧﺪ ﺑﺸﺮح زﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی ﺷﮑﻞ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد‪:‬‬
‫‪should‬‬
‫‪shouldn't‬‬
‫‪ + could‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬ ‫‪+ have + been + ing‬‬
‫‪may/might‬‬
‫‪must‬‬
‫‪can't‬‬
‫‪ (b‬ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﻓﻌﺎل ﮐﻤﮑﯽ ﯾﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ‪:‬‬
‫‪should‬‬
‫‪shouldn't‬‬
‫‪ + could‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬ ‫‪+ have + been + p.p.‬‬
‫‪may/might‬‬
‫‪must‬‬
‫‪can't‬‬
‫‪Grammer Lesson one‬‬
‫‪Noun clauses‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻬﺎﯾﯽ از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ‪ ) I don't know‬ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﻢ (‪ ) I know ,‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻢ ( و ‪ . .....‬ﯾﮏ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﻤﯽ ﯾﺎ ‪ noun clause‬ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ اﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫?‪When will they arrive‬‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ رﺳﯿﺪ؟‬
‫‪I don't know when they will arrive.‬‬
‫? ‪Where do they come from‬‬
‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﻢ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ رﺳﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ؟‬
‫‪I know where they come from.‬‬
‫?‪What did she say‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻢ اﻫﻞ ﮐﺠﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫او ﭼﻪ ﮔﻔﺖ؟‬
‫‪I don't know what she said.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪l‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﻢ او ﭼﻪ ﮔﻔﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرت ‪ ) do you know‬آﯾﺎ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽداﻧﯿﺪ ( ‪ ) do they know ,‬آﯾﺎ آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ داﻧﻨﺪ ( و ‪ . ...‬ﺷﺮوع ﺷﻮد اﮔﺮ ﭼﻪ ‪ noun clause‬از‬
‫ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﺧﺎرج ﻣﯽﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ در آﺧﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ ﺳﺆال اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد زﯾﺮا ﮐﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫?‪Where do they live‬‬
‫?‪Do you know where they live‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺠﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟‬

‫آﯾﺎ ﺗﻮ ﻣﯽ داﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﮐﺠﺎ زﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ؟‬
‫?‪Do you know when they left‬‬
‫‪I don't know why John is absent.‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫آﯾﺎ ﻣﯽ داﻧﯽ آﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﻪ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ رﻓﺘﻨﺪ؟‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ داﻧﻢ ﭼﺮا ﺟﺎن ﻏﺎﯾﺐ اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫آﯾﻨﺪهی ﻗﺼﺪی را ﺑﻪ وﺳﯿﻠﻪی ‪ to be going to‬ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ‪ to be going to‬ﻓﺼﻞ دوم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺳﺎده ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود‪.‬‬
‫‪Grammer Lesson two‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﺻﻔﺖ در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ از ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺑﻄﻮر ﻋﻤﻮم ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪It + to be‬‬
‫‪It is necessary to come early to class.‬‬
‫زود ﺑﻪ ﮐﻼس آﻣﺪن واﺟﺐ اﺳﺖ‪).‬ﺑﺮای ﻋﻤﻮم واﺟﺐ اﺳﺖ‪(.‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﺮدی ﺧﺎص ﺷﻮد از اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ + for +‬ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪It + to be‬‬

‫‪It is necessary for you to come early to class.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪ The gerund‬ﯾﺎ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ ing‬دار ) اﺳﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر (‬

‫‪ (a‬اﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از اﻓﻌﺎل ‪ ing‬اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﻓﻌﻞ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ اﺳﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Learn‬‬ ‫‪ ------› learning‬ﯾﺎد ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ‬ ‫ﯾﺎد ﮔﯿﺮی‬
‫ﺣﺎﻻ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ا ﻟﮕﻮی ﺑﺎﻻ را ﺑﺼﻮرت اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻣﺒﺘﺪای ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﻔﺖ ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ + . .... +‬اﺳﻢ ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫‪Learning English is easy.‬‬ ‫ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ آﺳﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (b‬ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮوف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ و رﺑﻄﯽ ﻫﺎ ﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪) despite‬ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ( ‪) while‬ﻫﻨﮕﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ( و ‪) after‬ﺑﻌﺪ از اﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ(‪ ....‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ ing‬ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
 ‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫‪ (c‬ﺑﻌﺪ از ﭘﺎره ای اﺻﻄﻼﺣﺎت و اﻓﻌﺎل ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ ing‬ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪It's no use‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﯾﺪه ﻧﺪارد‬ ‫‪be worth‬‬ ‫ارزش داﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫‪It's no good‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮب ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‬ ‫‪can't help‬‬ ‫ﻧﺎﭼﺎر ﺑﻮدن‬
‫‪ Have a difficulty‬ﻣﺸﮑﻞ داﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻦ ‪ , admit‬اﺟﺘﻨﺎب ﮐﺮدن‪ , avoid‬ﺑﯿﺰار ﺑﻮدن ‪ , dislike‬دوﺳﺖ داﺷﺘﻦ ‪ , like‬رﻓﺘﻦ‪ , go‬ﻧﯿﺎز داﺷﺘﻦ‪ , need‬ﺳﻌﯽ ﮐﺮدن‪ , try‬اﺟﺎزه دادن‪Allow‬‬
‫‪ , object to , to be‬ﺗﺮﺟﯿﺢ دادن ‪ , consider‬اﻫﻤﯿﺖ دادن ‪ , mind‬ﺧﻄﺮ ﮐﺮدن ‪ , worth keep(up/on) , risk‬رﻫﺎ ﮐﺮدن‪ , stop‬ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﺮدن‪finish‬‬
‫ﻟﺬت ﺑﺮدن از ‪ , enjoy‬ﻋﺎدت ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ ‪ , get used to‬ﻋﺎدات داﺷﺘﻦ ﺑﻪ‪used to‬‬
‫‪ + ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ ) +‬وﻗﺖ ( ‪Spend / waste +‬‬
‫‪I spent two hours reading the new book.‬‬ ‫دو ﺳﺎﻋﺖ را ﺻﺮف ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ﮐﺘﺎب ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﮐﺮدم‪.‬‬
‫‪I waste a lot of time day dreaming.‬‬ ‫وﻗﺖ زﯾﺎدی را ﺑﻪ روﯾﺎ ﮔﺬراﻧﺪن ﻫﺪر دادم‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ + ing :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﻪ راه و ﻣﺸﺘﺎق ﺑﻮدن ‪look forward to‬‬
‫‪I looking forward to hearing from you.‬‬ ‫ﭼﺸﻢ ﺑﺮاه ﺧﺒﺮی از ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ + ing :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬اﻋﺘﺮاض ﮐﺮدن ‪object to‬‬
‫‪I object to your calling by the first name.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺑﺮای ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪن ﺑﻪ اﺳﻢ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﻋﺘﺮاض دارم‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ + ing :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ +‬اﻋﺘﺮاف ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ‪confess to‬‬

‫‪Go riding‬‬ ‫اﺳﺐ ﺳﻮاری ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Go fishing‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﯿﮕﯿﺮی ﮐﺮدن‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ + ing:‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪go +‬‬

‫‪Go shopping‬‬ ‫ﺧﺮﯾﺪ رﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫ﮐﻮﻫﻨﻮردی ﮐﺮدن ‪Go climbing‬‬
‫‪Go swimming‬‬
‫‪Go sailing‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎ رﻓﺘﻦ‬

‫‪l‬‬
‫ﻗﺎﯾﻖ راﻧﯽ ﮐﺮدن‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ Enjoy‬ﻟﺪت ﺑﺮدن از‬ ‫‪quit = qive up‬رﻫﺎ ﮐﺮدن‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺧﯿﺮ داﺷﺘﻦ‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬در ﻣﻮرد ‪ allow‬ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎرﻫﺎی زﯾﺮ دﻗﺖ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪:‬‬

‫‪ Ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪allow +‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪allow +‬‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪tobe allow +‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬در ﻣﻮرد ‪ need‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ دوم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ + need= reqiue +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪w‬‬
‫‪ ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪ + need = require +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson three‬‬
‫‪ need‬ﺑﺎ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ اﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻌﻞ دوم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ‪ ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود‪.‬‬

‫اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪﻧﯽ ‪verb + particle‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﯿﺎری از اﻓﻌﺎل در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ دارای دو ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ :‬ﯾﮏ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮف ‪.‬‬
‫‪put on‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪن‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﻪ‬ ‫ﺣﺮف‬
‫ﺣﺎل ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻟﺘﻬﺎی اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از آن ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪I put‬‬ ‫‪ ( a‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف‬
‫‪on my coat.‬‬
‫‪I put‬‬ ‫‪ ( b‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﺮف و ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ) ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ (‬
‫‪my coat on .‬‬
‫‪ (c‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺠﺎی ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪I put it on .‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﻪ ی اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪﻧﯽ را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ ﺳﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﻮق ﻧﻮﺷﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺣﺮف و ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﻗﺮار ﮔﯿﺮد‪.‬‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
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‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﺷﺪﻧﯽ‬

‫‪Add up‬‬ ‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدن‬ ‫‪Hand in‬‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻞ دادن‬
‫‪Leave out‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬف ﮐﺮن‬ ‫‪Take off‬‬ ‫درآوردن ﻟﺒﺎس‬
‫‪Call up‬‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻔﻦ زدن‬ ‫‪Hand out‬‬ ‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Look over‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Talk over‬‬ ‫ﺑﺤﺚ ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Fill out‬‬ ‫ﺗﮑﻤﯿﻞ ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Throw away‬‬ ‫دور اﻧﺪاﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫‪Look up‬‬ ‫ﭘﯿﺪا ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Turn on‬‬ ‫روﺷﻦ ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Put away‬‬ ‫ﮐﻨﺎر ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫‪Turn up‬‬ ‫ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﮐﺮدن ﺻﺪا‬
‫‪Give back‬‬ ‫ﭘﺲ دادن‬ ‫‪Put up‬‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮدن‬
‫‪Put on‬‬ ‫ﭘﻮﺷﯿﺪن‬ ‫‪Turn down‬‬ ‫ﮐﻢ ﮐﺮدن ﺻﺪا‬
‫‪Give up‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮک ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Put out‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Write down‬‬ ‫ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫‪Turn off‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Pick up‬‬ ‫ﺑﺮداﺷﺘﻦ‬
‫اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﻧﺸﺪﻧﯽ ‪verb + preposition‬‬

‫‪look + for = look for‬‬ ‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﮐﺮدن‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﯾﺎ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود ﮐﻪ ﭘﺲ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﻣﻔﻌﻮل و ﯾﺎ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ آورد‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫‪ra‬‬
‫‪Sorry + about = sorry about‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻒ درﺑﺎره‬
‫‪ (a‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬
‫‪He is‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫او ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل ﻗﻠﻤﺶ ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪looking for his pen.‬‬
‫‪I am sorry about the accident.‬‬ ‫درﺑﺎره ﺗﺼﺎدف ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﻢ‪.‬‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪ (b‬ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺠﺎی ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﭘﺲ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬

‫‪He is‬‬
‫‪looking for it.‬‬
‫‪I'm sorry about it.‬‬
‫او ﺑﻪ دﻧﺒﺎل آن ﻣﯽ ﮔﺮدد‪.‬‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ درﺑﺎره آن ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻔﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻣﺜﺎل‪:‬‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬در اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﻧﺸﺪﻧﯽ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل و ﻫﻢ ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻌﻀﯽ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﺟﺪا ﻧﺸﺪﻧﯽ‬

‫‪Take care of‬‬
‫‪Listen to‬‬
‫‪w‬‬
‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن از‬
‫ﮔﻮش دادن ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪Talk to‬‬
‫‪Talk with‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪Run across‬‬
‫‪Look out‬‬
‫‪w‬‬‫ﺑﺮﺧﻮرد ﮐﺮدن‬
‫ﻣﻮاﻇﺐ ﺑﻮدن‬
‫‪Talk about‬‬
‫‪Speak to‬‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن درﺑﺎره‬
‫ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن ﺑﺎ‬
‫‪Run out of‬‬
‫‪Look at‬‬
‫‪Search for‬‬
‫‪Look for‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎم ﮐﺮدن از‬
‫ﻧﮕﺎه ﮐﺮدن ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﮐﺮدن‬
‫ﺟﺴﺘﺠﻮ ﮐﺮدن‬
‫‪Think about‬‬
‫‪Be similar to‬‬
‫‪Sorry about‬‬
‫‪Be interested in‬‬
‫ﻓﮑﺮ ﮐﺮدن درﺑﺎره‬
‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﺎﺳﻒ ﺑﻮدن از‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﻣﻨﺪ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﻪ‬
‫‪Wait for‬‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﻈﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﺑﺮای‬ ‫‪Be responsible for‬‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺌﻮل ﺑﻮدن‬
‫‪Look after‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮاﻗﺒﺖ ﮐﺮدن از‬ ‫‪Be afraid of‬‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺳﯿﺪن از‬
‫‪Think of‬‬ ‫ﺧﯿﺎل داﺷﺘﻦ‬ ‫‪Be aware of‬‬ ‫آﮔﺎه از ﭼﯿﺰی ﺑﻮدن‬
‫‪Go over‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮور ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Be tired of‬‬ ‫ﺧﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﻮدن از‬
‫‪Call on‬‬ ‫ﺳﺮ زدن‬ ‫‪Be different from‬‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت ﺑﻮدن از‬
‫‪Ask for‬‬ ‫درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪Die of‬‬ ‫ﻣﺮدن در اﺛﺮ‬
‫‪Take off‬‬ ‫ﭘﺮواز ﮐﺮدن‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
 ‫‪mcsg.mihanblog.com‬‬
‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫‪Grammar Lesson 4‬‬

‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻓﻌﻞ و ﻣﻔﻌﻮل و ﻣﺼﺪر‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻣﻮل زﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ‪ .‬ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﯿﻦ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ و ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ) ﺿﻤﯿﺮ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ ( ﻗﺮارداد‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل اﻣﺮی‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر از ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻧﻘﻞ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﺮای ﺷﺨﺺ ﯾﺎ اﺷﺨﺎص دﯾﮕﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪.‬‬
‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻋﯿﻦ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت از زﺑﺎن ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪه ی اﺻﻠﯽ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ آن را ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (direct speech‬ﻣﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﻢ و داﺧﻞ ﻋﻼﻣﺖ" ‪" .......‬‬
‫ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ دﻫﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫”‪The teacher told us “ Answer the questions orally.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﮔﻔﺖ ‪ " :‬ﺳﺆاﻟﻬﺎ را ﺑﻄﻮر ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﯿﺪ‪".‬‬

‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﮔﻮﯾﻨﺪه ی اﺻﻠﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮐﻠﻤﺎت دﯾﮕﺮی ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ آن را ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ )‪ (indirect speech‬ﻣﯽ ﻧﺎﻣﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪The teacher told us to answer the question orally.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎ ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺆاﻟﻬﺎ ﺑﻄﻮر ﺷﻔﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ دﻫﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﺷﯿﻮه ی ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ اﻣﺮی ﺑﻪ ﻧﻘﻞ ﻗﻮل ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ‬

‫‪i. r‬‬
‫‪Tell‬‬ ‫زﻣﺎن ﮔﻔﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎن دادن ‪Command‬‬
‫ﻓﺮﻣﺎن دادن ‪Order‬‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ +‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪) request +‬درﺧﻮاﺳﺖ ﮐﺮدن(‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﻫﺪاﯾﺖ ﮐﺮدن ‪direct‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫‪ask‬‬ ‫ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﻦ‬
‫‪sit down.”“She told me‬‬ ‫او ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ‪ ":‬ﺑﻨﺸﯿﻦ‪".‬‬
‫‪She told me to sit down‬‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ در ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﻨﻔﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از ﻣﺼﺪر ‪ not‬ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ‪.‬‬
‫”‪She told me “ don’t talk so loud.‬‬
‫‪She told me not to talk so loud.‬‬
‫‪I told him not to play in the yard.‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬
‫او ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ‪ ":‬اﯾﻦ ﻗﺪر ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﺻﺤﺒﺖ ﻧﮑﻦ‪".‬‬

‫‪s‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ او ﮔﻔﺘﻢ در ﺣﯿﺎط ﺑﺎزی ﻧﮑﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪.‬‬
‫در راﺑﻄﻪ ﻓﻌﻞ دوم ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ اول ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻓﻌﺎل اﺻﻠﯽ ﻓﻌﻞ دوم ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود و آﻧﻬﺎ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫‪Want - decide - promise - show - warn - prefer - wonder - request -‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson 5‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫* ﺻﻔﺎت زﯾﺎدی ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ ing‬ﯾﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ) ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺳﻮم ( ﻓﻌﻞ درﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ )‪ + ing‬ﻓﻌﻞ ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ اﺷﯿﺎء ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫اﺳﻢ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل )‪ ( p.p.‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻣﻔﻌﻮﻟﯽ اﺳﺖ و ﺑﻄﻮر ﻣﻌﻤﻮل ﺑﺮای ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ اﻧﺴﺎﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ رود‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮارد زﯾﺮ دﻗﺖ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪:‬‬
‫* ﺻﻔﺖ در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻢ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪A good student‬‬ ‫داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﺧﻮب‬ ‫‪a nice girl‬‬ ‫دﺧﺘﺮ ﺧﻮب‬
‫داﻧﺶ آﻣﻮز ﻫﯿﺠﺎن زده ‪An excited student‬‬ ‫‪an interesting book‬‬ ‫ﮐﺘﺎب ﺟﺎﻟﺐ‬
‫* ﺻﻔﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻓﻌﺎل رﺑﻄﯽ ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫‪be‬‬ ‫ﺑﻮدن‬ ‫‪smell‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﺎم رﺳﯿﺪن‬
‫‪look - seem – sound – appear‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ رﺳﯿﺪن‬ ‫‪remain‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﺪن‬
‫‪feel‬‬ ‫اﺣﺴﺎس ﮐﺮدن‬ ‫‪taste‬‬ ‫ﻣﺰه دادن‬
‫‪get - become - grow - go - turn‬‬ ‫ﺷﺪن‬
‫‪The soup tastes good.‬‬ ‫ﺳﻮپ ﻣﺰه ﺧﻮﺑﯽ دارد‪.‬‬
‫‪You look angry.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻋﺼﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪he is happy.‬‬ ‫او ﺧﻮﺷﺤﺎل اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺻﻔﺎت ‪ :‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺑﯿﺶ از ﯾﮏ ﺻﻔﺖ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺳﻢ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ زﯾﺮ ‪:‬‬
‫اﺳﻢ ‪ +‬ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ‪ +‬ﺟﻨﺲ ‪ +‬ﻣﻠﯿﺖ ‪ +‬رﻧﮓ ‪ +‬اﻧﺪازه و ﺷﮑﻞ ‪ +‬ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ‪ +‬ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬
‫‪A‬‬ ‫‪nice‬‬ ‫‪long‬‬ ‫‪red French cotton‬‬ ‫‪blouse‬‬
‫‪Grammar Lesson six‬‬
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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
 ‫‪mcsg.mihanblog.com‬‬
‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫وﺟﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ‪passive voice‬‬

‫در ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ی ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ ﺗﺄﮐﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺻﻮرت ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﯾﺎ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺧﻮاﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ .‬در اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﯾﺎ‬
‫ﺣﺬف ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ -1‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻓﺎﻋﻠﯽ ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻧﺪارد و ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺮوع ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫‪Ali was invited to the party.‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﻧﯽ دﻋﻮت ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪Coffee is produced in Colombia.‬‬ ‫ﻗﻬﻮه در ﮐﻠﻤﺒﯿﺎ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻼت ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ to be‬ﺑﺮ ﺣﺴﺐ زﻣﺎن ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺻﺮف ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫‪ -3‬در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻻزم ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ) ﻓﺎﻋﻞ ‪ ( by+‬ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻓﻌﻞ اﺻﻠﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪.‬‬
‫* زﻣﺎن ﺣﺎل ﺳﺎده‬
‫‪am‬‬
‫‪ + is + p.p.‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪are‬‬
‫‪They use the library. The library is used by them.‬‬ ‫‪i. r‬‬
‫‪a‬‬
‫آﻧﻬﺎ از ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ‪ .‬ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬

‫? ‪Is the library used by them‬‬

‫‪a‬‬ ‫‪r‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮای ﺳﺆاﻟﯽ ﮐﺮدن ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﮐﺎﻓﯽ اﺳﺖ ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ be‬و ﯾﺎ در ﺻﻮرت وﺟﻮد اﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺺ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ can‬ﺟﺎی آن را ﺑﺎ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻋﻮض ﮐﺮد‪.‬‬
‫آﯾﺎ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ آﻧﻬﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد؟‬

‫‪ + was /were+ p.p‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬

‫‪l‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫* ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺳﺎده ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬

‫‪Ali bought a car last fall.‬‬

‫‪a‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ ﺧﺮﯾﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪o‬‬
‫ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﯾﮏ اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻋﻠﯽ ﺧﺮﯾﺪاری ﺷﺪ‪A car was bought by Ali last fall. .‬‬

‫‪am‬‬
‫‪+ is + being + p.p.‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫* ﺣﺎل اﺳﺘﻤﺮاری ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬

‫‪are‬‬
‫‪Workmen are painting the house.‬‬
‫‪w‬‬ ‫ﮐﺎرﮔﺮان دارﻧﺪ ﺧﺎﻧﻪ را رﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ زﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫‪The house is being painted.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬ ‫ﺧﺎﻧﻪ دارد رﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬

‫* ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ اﺳﺘﻤﺮاری ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪ + was /were + being + p.p.‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪Last week they were being painting the room.‬‬
‫‪Last week the room was being painted.‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ آﻧﻬﺎ داﺷﺘﻨﺪ اﺗﺎق را رﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ اﺗﺎق داﺷﺖ رﻧﮓ ﻣﯽ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫* ﺣﺎل ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫‪ + has /have + been + p.p‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪someone has stolen the car.‬‬ ‫ﯾﮏ ﻧﻔﺮ اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ را دزدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪The car has been stolen.‬‬ ‫اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ دزدﯾﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫* ﻣﺎﺿﯽ ﺑﻌﯿﺪ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫‪ + had + been + p.p‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪The room looked much better. Somebody had cleaned it.‬‬ ‫اﺗﺎق ﺗﻤﯿﺰﺗﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﯾﮑﯽ آن را ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﮐﺮده ﺑﻮد ‪.‬‬
‫‪The room looked much better. It had been cleaned.‬‬ ‫اﺗﺎق ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﺗﺮ ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﯿﺪ‪ .‬آن ﺗﻤﯿﺰ ﺷﺪه ﺑﻮد‬

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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬
 ‫‪www.soalsara.ir‬‬

‫زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و ﭘﯿﺶ‬

‫* آﯾﻨﺪه ﺳﺎده ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬

‫‪ + will + be + p.p‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪The matter will be discussed tomorrow.‬‬ ‫ﻓﺮدا ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺤﺚ ﻗﺮار ﺧﻮاﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ‬
‫* ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﻓﻌﺎل ﻧﺎﻗﺺ‬
‫‪Have to‬‬
‫‪ought to‬‬
‫‪will‬‬
‫‪can‬‬
‫‪ + would + be + p.p.‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل‬
‫‪should‬‬
‫‪may‬‬
‫‪might‬‬
‫‪must‬‬
‫‪They will write a letter . A letter will be written.‬‬
‫‪They can write a letter . A letter can be written.‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ‪ :‬ﺑﻌﺪ از اﻓﻌﺎل ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﻣﺼﺪر ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪You are allowed to enter.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ اﺟﺎزه ورود دارﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He was made to study.‬‬

‫‪i. r‬‬ ‫او ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺷﺪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬ﻓﻌﻞ ‪ let‬ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﻧﺪارد و در ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎی آن از ‪ be allowed to‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪You are not allowed to smoke.‬‬

‫‪r‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﺪ ﺳﯿﮕﺎر ﺑﮑﺸﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ‪ :‬اﮔﺮ ‪ make‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺑﮑﺎر رود ﻓﻌﻞ ﺑﻌﺪی ﺑﺼﻮرت ﻣﺼﺪر ﻣﯽ آﯾﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪He was made to leave the class.‬‬

‫‪s‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫او ﻣﺠﺒﻮر ﺷﺪ اﺗﺎق را ﺗﺮک ﮐﻨﺪ‬

‫‪l‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬اﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ دارﻧﺪ وﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﺣﺮف اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪.‬‬
‫‪We must put out the fire‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ آﺗﺶ را ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪We must put it out‬‬
‫‪The fire must be put out‬‬
‫‪It must be put out‬‬
‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪a‬‬ ‫ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ آن را ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫آﺗﺶ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﻮد‬
‫آن ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﺎﻣﻮش ﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫) ﻓﻬﻤﯿﺪن( ‪ )consider ,‬ﻣﻮرد ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺮار دادن (‬

‫‪.‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬اﻟﮕﻮی زﯾﺮ ﺑﺎ اﻓﻌﺎل ‪ ) report - believe -think‬ﮔﺰارش ﮐﺮدن( ‪know – understand ,‬‬
‫‪ ) expect ,‬اﻧﺘﻈﺎر داﺷﺘﻦ( ‪ ) agree – accept ,‬ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺘﻦ( ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎر ﻣﯽرود‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪It is reported that two people were killed in the car accident .‬‬
‫… ‪ +‬ﻓﻌﻞ‪ +‬ﻓﺎﻋﻞ‪ + that +‬ﻓﻌﻞ ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ‪It +‬‬
‫ﮔﺰارش ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ در ﺗﺼﺎدف اﺗﻮﻣﺒﯿﻞ دو ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﺸﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫* ‪ be supposed to‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی " ﻗﺮار اﺳﺖ" ﯾﺎ " ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد" ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﭼﻮن ﻣﺠﻬﻮل اﺳﺖ ﺑﻌﺪ از آن ﻣﺼﺪر ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد‪.‬‬

‫‪w‬‬
‫‪He is supposed to have stolen the money.‬‬ ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ او ﭘﻮل دزدﯾﺪه اﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ‪ be not supposed to‬ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎی ﮐﺎرﯾﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺼﻠﺤﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﻮد و ﯾﺎ ﻣﺠﺎز ﺑﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم آن ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪You are not supposed to park here.‬‬ ‫ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺠﺎز ﻧﯿﺴﺘﯿﺪ اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﭘﺎرک ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ ‪ :‬اﻓﻌﺎﻟﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ …‪ send , give , tell , show , offer , pay ,‬ﮐﻪ دو ﻣﻔﻌﻮل دارﻧﺪ اﮔﺮ ﺑﻌﺪ از آﻧﻬﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ﻗﺮار داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺠﻬﻮل‬
‫ﺑﮑﺎر ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪My brother has been given a job.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮادر ﻣﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺷﻐﻞ داده ﺷﺪ ‪.‬‬

‫‪I was given three hours to make my decision.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺳﻪ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ وﻗﺖ دادﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ را ﺑﮕﯿﺮم‪.‬‬

‫‪He was paid a lot of money to do that job.‬‬ ‫ﺑﻪ او ﭘﻮل زﯾﺎدی ﭘﺮداﺧﺖ ﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ آن ﺷﻐﻞ را اﻧﺠﺎم دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬

‫* ﻣﺠﻬﻮل ﺟﻤﻼت اﻣﺮی‬

‫‪ + be + p.p‬ﻣﻔﻌﻮل ‪let +‬‬

‫ﺑﺴﺘﻪ را ﺑﻔﺮﺳﺖ‪Send the parcel. .‬‬
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‫داﻧﻠﻮد از ﺳﺎﻳﺖ ﺳﺆال ﺳﺮا‬